T CF }vIECHANICAL ENGINEERj}I G BANGLADE.

SFI Liiil VERSITY CF ENCI}IE,ERING & TECjtNoLoCY

DEPART.]."':.ijII]

.!,{tr (iZtr Frc,:,ems

A Kaplan turbine rur,i^r1 is tc be ciesigned to r.:v:lop 7600 kW. The net evarlable heaa rs 10m. The speed-ratic it 2.09, flcr.r, ratio is C.cll and the overall efficie;lcy is 85%. Th: diameter cf the ftlnnei f ..ss is Il3 tf the oute,' irameter of the iunner. Find the diameter of the runner, its rot:.iitii:.; speed a:-,d specific sr;:ed. A Propelicr turbine is lc lse 11C n3is of wate,'iicw under a hetd of Er: and is run at 9C rpm. Its efficrency ir :::l;-::rcted lobe937o. Th; i-:sign is to be tesied or a scale-nodgl oi 10/l linear ratio opcr.::ir,.t ilnder';^ie same l::*rl. Calculaie the flow .;-rough the model, power ouipui and sp,:rr.
The draft-tube of a i'-:,1,ii:^. ;urbine ias an inler ;ind outlet diameiers cf 2.5 arid 3.0 mctres and the inlet is set 2..2L:\ meters :.love tail race level, When iire turbine is dcveloping 1500 kW under a nei :,';i"c of 6 reters it is fou:rC that a vacuur-,r gauge connectei tc the draft-tube inlet inCicai.;e a negative head of 4 rr;iier. It the turbir,e efficle,icy is 86 peicelt what wouid be the Cr":iir-r:':be effi;iency? The;r r;stimate what il',e reading of the vacuunl gauge wouid be if ...: -,,';itte ou.cut were:-c:-uced by noi:ririil gate ald runne1-ii:rie regulation tc 750 ki,"'. l':i: net h*ad remaiis unchangecl at 6 r,eteis ancl spe;d alsc remains constant.
4.

In designing a propc;i;ri- i.iiibine installation ir iri desired to choose the best position of the turbine relative to thr: rii:ace level. The condr.lons are: total l'rer.d 4m output=ZZOCC = kW; turbine efficieil;;' -= j.lJ9. Two possibilities are to be studieC:

1. ii.

witir the tun lii: i.,- above tail-race 1ev,;1. wi:h the turbti;: -i:.. below tail-race level.

Estimate on two ca::.; (::) the m;.ximum peri,lssible speed cf turbine (b) the velocirv energy of the water en;::Jng the ciraft tube expresseC as a perbenrage of i;-,e total head.
5.

A singie hydraulic trirli,:e is to be selected for I power site with a net heiiC of 30 m. Tiie turbine is to ploducr.' :ij7ft':kw at maximum:i:ficiency. What steed (rpn) and cliameter should this turbine h:vi: :; (a) a Francis turt;ire is selected? (b) a plcpeller rurbine is selected? V/hat are 1-^r; ,.;giiest "settings" (above or below tarirvater) which should be recommenCed for tl-i;. :- ilachines for thern ro tun cavitatior free ei their pa.ints of maximum efficiency'?

6.

A kaplan tiirtrine wor!:rr':3;nder a head of 4m:,roduces 1100 kw. Speu; ratjo is 1.2 and Flow ratio is 0.65. i-iiLl i1-l:.rireier is 0.36 times l.lre outer diamet:i of tir,: runner. Taking overall efficlency 8-j'i ^l:-.r;'mine i..e diametei- :.id speed of the runnoi. An axial-tlow turbi',.; r., ^..ied wi.h 4 biades r,i airfoil section. T'he rlean iadrus oi the blade circie is tr.6rrr :r:ir,r ihe blade iengih in ih; radial directicn is 0.7 m. Speecl of the runner is 130 rpm. 'i';r,.; ;iord of the airfoil is inclined at 25o to the dilection of motion and the chorcl lengilr is 2,3.ii. Coefficients of iifl and drag for the airfcil sectiolt areA.l5 and 0.04 respectivei)'. -^'t" : head cn the turbinr is 8m and the 'reiocity of flov.z is 4 ri/s find the effic.iency ai:r ir.: Dower produced. As:,:me angle of attack ,.ro d..grrr.

7.

.I

Problom
Given=

P:760OXtrJ H- lom

Ta Find D=?

(P:2'og

N:? N s:2

\/: 0'64
rLo: o'Ba

d:

t/sO

SoluVion

Spead R-aVio,
Flou Rabio,

Q:+ 2BH *tr:2.ogx V

Vr

2xgglxlO :29.2+5
m/s

V:

Vf

O"6Bx

2x.9.Zlxlo

9,525n7s

v2zH

lvorall aft ie.e,nc6, fLo:

=)
Norrr,

T gtt

g:

T600xlo
g" A
7J

3
lO

go

IxlObxO.bBx

rns/ s

g: ?(D"-d. )Vr : + (o'- t/g o")vr

=+

=+ D : l3.5vt
No,,rr,

eo:+ 3 D,x 9.52s

+
Al:
<'

u-#

29.275x6O

xto.5

4l " 4zrpm

Specrfic epee.d, Ns : _N.F

He/'l

2og.OA rpm

ProbLom 2 Given
'T-o

Find

9p: tla rno/s

H

9^:?
P^:
?

P: Hn: 8m Np: 9O rPm r[o: o" gg

Dp/

Nn'r:2

D^:

to/

Sofubion

Ef Fiaenc6,
Nor,o,

fLo:Te-

=+ P- O.93xg.8

tx tloxS: B}2BM

(gr.)o: (gu)n

;/ \ Dz{F /P \ o"rT)m ' @ \:l O r

+ gnn: gp "W)"
Again, ( p") p: (pu),

+(#r)e:ffi,)n
=+ Pm: Pp (#:)':

bozsn(#)u:

Bo"2EkN

And (rls)p :

(rus)nn

=+/N\re-\ -f NGr -\ fp/")P-\ nep)n

=+ Nn:
Np x

,tr - go^VF - g aorpm

Problam
Given

3
Tb Find
r?ta: ?

Dt:2^5n Dz: Om [a: 2"286m P: lSOokN

ft:z ir

P-vaoRN

H- 6n o 'z - 4m (vacuw) Y
Lo- 0'86
$oluaion

E#fiaencst
N

otd,

VzD ,2

4a

no:#, 9:
@,)"

=)
29^,63 "14 (

9:

I 5C^4

9"31:.

O, 8,(l^x

29.A3trk

2"o)'

:6.O4*/s

AI oru,

ZlL- rlrd+
4x9.Bl

=+ -

:-

g.81,<

2 -2e,6- eo (6.-oq\"

=+?o:$.g2tj '\'r 927.

IF P :
bhtrs,
75O
V2

kN, 9:
11"?l
Tr/4

750
g-Bl-x o BGxG

: 14.Bl ms/s

(z"s)"

3. oz m/s

Agtin,

- ZL2 g: - 2.715 m =5 I

#:

n^

vt
2.+15 m (voc-tu-tm)

Problon 4
Gjven

To Find
Nna.,':?

H:4m
P- 2ZOOO\N fLo:O.3g h-: 2rn (aUavo -f P) -2m (Aetouo TR)
Solubian

Vz n ( -2g-

Z Ef f ici e.ncllt rlro: d;l-or above T

R,

+ O-

ffi

=+ O:@3amg/s

-c-

Ha-l'lv_h
t-{

Fo, belou T R, lo,g-2.6+2 \JcO;

=,

* o6- 2"425
4

=) %:
Noru,

-425

cribicat

uvtva.aion

facaor is dafinad b6'

c[:

o.2A+ t+d(;ffi-)r] For propeiler vurbine

.. oc = i.q2o :o.2l+ru(#)T

$Ns:
Aloar.l,

gog.2 O
Al

rpm |

Ns:

y15t*

YF-

+ N - 34"6ArPm

2,425- o"28+t+ +' Ns: l 20 .86rPn N - 4z "tOrprn

t

ffif]

Problom 5
Given,
'To Find

H- 3on

P:

lBTOAh

N:? I D:? J

(a) Franci
(to)
Pr

s Trxbine
er Tut
bi ne'

op e(l

Sol ubian

For Francis Tar bipc-, for rna-xu eff iaenc$t

0: o'z
Ns: I g2 rpm
NoN,

Ns:

#*
6A rpm
0 c,

Io2: NVtSvoo (
oo)srq

=>
N

N:

oa:,

t)t:

zBH

3'3 60 = D: @-xAC- : . rrt 4r Thona Fac'bor, g : o.,25 (#)" fo, FrencisTTtrbirte 9 oc,_ Q.o5o
;1o10:

AB^n, ur : <tDN :+

/cr= Ha- Hy_-%.H :

1""

lO,

g- 2.6-

O.OO5x.EO

= 6"o5 m

(aboue Tru)

For Propoller -t1^trbin4 f or m&lLu etf icie-n ct6,

Q=z Ns: V2O rPm

Noltt, Ng:

N\f
H6/rt

=+

N:

2ox (OOlst<

_ gTorpn
-29.llm/s

t8+oo

\loau,

uLr:0c, ITBH -

)xo.6x@

AW,n,

tJ,:460
vt x 3+O

:+O:
-'homa

f.5m

tucbor,

cc: o.2"*[+(#)"]
O.

+6c Aloar,

B5

hz: lfa-Hv17.8

ocH

: la.3 - 2.6- O 85x3o

t hz: -

m (Uetou T&)

Pro btam

6
To Find

Givon

H:4m P: IIOORN 9= l'z

D:?
N.:2

V: O.A5
d:
O.

AAD

rlto: o.g5
Solub:ion
Pe.ri

pheral

ve,toa

brd,

t&: P{2SH :

/ o.

6 Z n /s

trlow veloc'iVr4, V+: V {tdi:

E-Prieie.nct6,

O,+5^/,

-) g:# Noil, g- * to"_ d")vr + g*rc"+ eg: + o.BaolD,- o.7o

oro: ,#-

*zsn"k
@.g,6,D).f v,

+ D: ).89m
ABoin,,

t-L:#

=+N:Zo.2Orprn