The ten avatars of Vishnu.

Afghanistan "Land of the Afghans"; from Arabic: Afn ( )via Prakit: Avagn () which is derived from the Sanskrit tribal name Avaka () meaning "horseman", as the country was noted for its fine breed of horses; and the Persian suffix - stan meaning "land". This name was used in reference to the Kambojas in antiquity. Ahimsa from Sanskrit ahis, which means "not-harmful".[1] Ambarella through Sinhalese: ultimately from Sanskrit: , a kind of tree.
[2]

Amrita Aniline from Sanskrit amtam, nectar of everlasting life.[3] (see Ambrosia) through German: Anilin, French: Aniline and Portuguese: Anil from Arabic al-nili and Persian nila, ultimately from Sanskrit nili.[4] Apadravya from Sanskrit which refers to a male genital piercing were a barbell passes through the penis. Mentioned in Indian literature in the Kama Sutra Aryan from Latin Ariana, from Greek Areia, ultimately from Sanskrit Arya-s "noble, honorable".[5] Asana from Sanskrit sanam which means "seat", a term describing yoga postures.
[6]

Ashram ultimately from Sanskrit rama, a religious hermitage.[7] Atoll through Maldivean: probably ultimately from Sanskrit antala.[8]

Aubergine from Catalan alberginera, via Arabic ( al-badinjan) and Persian ( badin-gan) ultimately from Sanskrit vtinganah,[9] meaning eggplant. Avatar from Sanskrit avatra, which means "descent", an refers to the human incarnation of God during times of distress on earth. Thus, Krishna and Rma were both avataars of Vishnu, who also manifested himself as an avatar many other times to make a total of ten.[10] Ayurveda from Sanskrit yurvedah, which means "knowledge of life".[11]

[edit] B
Bandana from Sanskrit bandhan, "a bond". Banyan from Hindi baniyaa ultimately from Sanskrit vaij, which means "a merchant".[12] Basmati through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit vsah.[13] Bahuvrihi from Sanskrit bahuvrhih, a composite word, meaning 'much rice.'[14] Beryl from Old French beryl, via Latin beryllus, Greek and Prakrit (veluriya) ultimately from Sanskrit vaidrya-, of Dravidian origin, maybe from the name of Belur.[15] Bhakti from Sanskrit bhakti, which means "loyalty".[16] Bhang from Hindi bhang, which is from Sanskrit bhaga "hemp".[17] Bidi through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit vitikam.[18] Brahmin from Sanskrit I brahmana-s, from brahman.[19] Brinjal from Persian badingn, probably from Sanskrit vtingana.[20] Buddha from Sanskrit buddha, which means "awakened, enligtened", refers to Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism[21] Also refers to one who is enlightened in accordance with the teachings of Buddha or a likeness of Buddha[22]

[edit] C

A cheetah. Cambodia via Khmer Kmpchea; ultimately from Sanskrit: Kambujadesa (; land of Kambuja). Candy from Old French sucre candi, via Arabic: qandi and Persian: qand probably ultimately from Sanskrit khanda "piece of sugar", derived from Dravidian.[23] Carmine from French carmin, via Middle Latin from Arabic: qirmiz "crimson", which is from Sanskrit krimiga.[24] Cash from Portuguese caixa, from Sinhalese kasi, Tamil kacu, which is from Sanskrit karsha, a weight of gold or silver; this is the proper noun related with the miscellaneous coins of small value, common noun "cash" is not of Sanskrit origin.[25] Ultimately of Dravidian origin. Cashmere from Kashmir, the Himalayan region where this wool is from.[26] The name Kashmere is derived from Ka (; "water") and shimir (; "to desiccate"). Chador through Urdu dor and Persian dar "tent, mantle, scarf, veil, sheet, table-cloth"; ultimately from Sanskrit chattram.[27] Chakra from Sanskrit cakra, which means "a circle, a wheel".[28] Champac through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit campaka, an evergreen tree.
[29]

Cheetah from Hindi chita "a leopard", from Sanskrit chitraka, which means "speckled".[30] China via Latin Sina, Persian Cin, and Sanskrit Chinas; ultimately derived from the name of the Qin Dynasty ().[31] Chintz from Hindi chint, which is from Sanskrit chitra-s "clear, bright".[32]

Chit from Hindi chitthi "a letter, note", which is from Sanskrit chitra-s "uniquely marked".[33] Chuddar through Urdu ultimately from Sanskrit chattram.[34] Chukar via Hindi cakor and Urdu chukar ultimately from Sanskrit cakorah.[35] Chukker from Hindi chakkar, from Sanskrit cakra, "a circle, a wheel".[36] Citipati from Sanskrit citi-pati, which means "a funeral pyre lord".[37] Cot from Hindi khat "a couch", which is from Sanskrit khatva.[38] Cowrie from Hindi kauri and Urdu kauri, from Marathi kavadi, which is ultimately from Sanskrit kaparda.[39] Crimson from Old Spanish cremesin, via Middle Latin cremesinus from Arabic qirmiz "a kermes", which is ultimately from Sanskrit krmi-ja literally: "red dye produced by a worm."[40]

[edit] D
Dahl through Hindi dl ultimately from Sanskrit dalah, meaning cotyledon of a pea pod, a type of Indian food, also refers to lentil in the US.[41] Das Datura Deodar Deva Devi from Sanskrit deva, which means "a god", akin to Latin deus, "god".[45] from Sanskrit devi, which means "a goddess".[46] Dharma from Pali dhamma and Sanskrit: , which means "law, justice".[47] Dhoti through Hindi: ultimately from Sanskrit dhnoti, traditional garment of men's wear in India.[48] Dinghy from Hindi dingi "a tiny boat", probably from Sanskrit drona-m.[49] from Sanskrit daasa, a slave or servant.[42] through Latin and Hindi: dhatra "jimson weed" ultimately from Sanskrit dhattrh, a kind of flowering plant.[43] through Hindi deodr ultimately from Sanskrit devadru, a kind of tree.[44]

[edit] E
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[edit] G
Ganja via Hindi "Elephant bull" ultimately from Sanskrit gj, which means "of hemp".[50] Gaur Gavial Gayal Gharry Ghee Guar Gunny perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit gauh via Bengali , a kind of animal.[53] perhaps finally from Sanskrit gartah via Hindi: , a kind of vehicle.[54] through Hindi: ultimately from Sanskrit: ghritam.[55] through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit gopl, an annual legume.[56] via Hindi "consider" ultimately from Sanskrit gaurah.[51] through French and Hindi ghariyl ultimately from Sanskrit ghantikah, a kind of crocodile.[52]

via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit goni "sack".[57] Gurkha via Nepalese ultimately from Sanskrit goraksah, "a cowherd".[58] Guru via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit guru-s, which means "a teacher".[59]

[edit] H
Hanuman through Hindi from Sanskrit Hanuman (), name of Hindu mythological God.[60] Hare Krishna from Sanskrit Hare () and Krishna ().[61] Himalaya from Sanskrit himalayah, which means "place of snow".[62] Hindi from Hindi Hind, via Persian: Hindu "Sind" ultimately from Sanskrit sindhu, which means "a river".[63]

[edit] I

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[edit] J
Jackal from Turkish akal, from Persian shaghal, from Middle Indic shagal, ultimately from Sanskrit srgalah "the howler".[64] Jaggery via Portuguese jgara, jagre and Malayalam chakkara perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit sarkara derived from proto-Dravidian.[65] Juggernaut through Hindi jagannath ultimately from Sanskrit jagat-natha-s, which means "lord of the world".[66] Jungle through Hindi jangal "a desert, forest" ultimately from Sanskrit jangala-s, which means "arid".[67] Jute via Bengali jhuto ultimately from Sanskrit juta-s, which means "twisted hair".[68]

[edit] K
Karma from Sanskrit karman, which means "work, fate".[69] Kedgeree probably ultimately from Sanskrit krara.[70] Kermes via French: Kerms, Arabic: qirmiz and Persian qermez; perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit: kmija meaning "worm-made."[71] Kos through Hindi kos ultimately from Sanskrit krosah, which means "a call, a shout".[72] Krait through Hindi karait probably ultimately from Sanskrit: , a kind of snake.[73]

[edit] L
Lac through Urdu ,Persian and Hindi lakh from Prakrit lakkha, ultimately from Sanskrit laksha.[74] Lacquer through French: Laque and Portuguese: Laca from Arabic lakk, via Prakrit ultimately from Sanskrit laksha.[75]

Langur Lilac Loot through Hindi lut probably ultimately from Sanskrit langlam.[76] via Arabic lilak from Persian nilak meaning "bluish", ultimately from Sanskrit nila, which means "dark blue".[77] ultimately from Sanskrit lota-m or luhati meaning "he steals" through Hindi l, which means "a booty, stolen thing".[78]

[edit] M
Maharajah through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit maha-rjn, which means "a great king".[79] Maharani through Hindi finally from Sanskrit mahrjn, which means "consort of a maharajah".[80] Maharishi from Sanskrit maha-rishi, which means "a great sage".[81] Mahatma from Sanskrit mahatman, which means "a great breath, soul".[82] Mahayana from Sanskrit maha-yana, which means "a great vehicle".[83] Mahout via Hindi (variant of ) ultimately from Sanskrit mahmtrah.[84] Mandala from Sanskrit mandala, which means "a disc, circle".[85] Mandarin via Portuguese mandarim, Dutch mandorijn, Malay mantri, and Hindi mantri "a councillor" ultimately from Sanskrit mantri, which means "an advisor".
[86]

Mantra Maya from Sanskrit mantra-s which means "a holy message or text".[87] from Sanskrit my, a religious term related with illusion.[88] Meerkat from Dutch meerkat "monkey" (literally: "lake cat"), or probably through Hindi markat ultimately from Sanskrit markata meaning "an ape".[89] Mithras from Sanskrit Mitrah, which means "a friend".[90] Moksha from Sanskrit moksha, liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth.[91] Mugger via Hindi and Urdu magar ultimately from Sanskrit makara ("sea creature"), like a crocodile, which attacks stealthily.[92] Mung bean

through Hindi mg and Pali/Prakrit mugga ultimately from Sanskrit mudgah, a kind of bean.[93] Musk via Middle English Muske, Middle French Musc, Late Latin Muscus and Late Greek moskhos from Persian mushk, ultimately from Sanskrit muska-s meaning "a testicle", from a diminutive of mus ("mouse").[94][95][96] through Hindi maina ultimately from Sanskrit madana-s, which means "love".[97]

Mynah

[edit] N
Nainsook through Hindi nainsukh and Urdu ultimately from Sanskrit nayanam-sukh, a kind of fabric.[98] Namaste through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit namaha-te, which means "I bow to you".[99] Nard through Old French narde and Latin nardus from Greek nardos, perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit naladam.[100] Narghile through French Narguil and Persian nrghleh ultimately from Sanskrit nrikelah.[101] Nark probably from Romany nak "a nose", via Hindi nak ultimately from Sanskrit nakra.[102] Neem through Hindi nm ultimately from Sanskrit nimbah, a kind of tree.[103] Nilgai through Hindi nlgy lit., blue cow ultimately from Sanskrit nlagauh, an ox-like animal.[104] Nirvana from Sanskrit nirvana-s which means "extinction, blowing out".[105]

[edit] O
Opal Orange through French opalle from Latin opalus from Greek opallios, probably ultimately from Sanskrit upalah.[106] through Old French orenge, Middle Latin orenge and Italian arancia from Arabic naranj, via Persian narang and Sanskrit naranga-s meaning "an orange tree", derived from proto-Dravidian.[107]

[edit] R
Raga via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit rgah, melodic modes used in Indian classical music.[108] Raita ultimately from Sanskrit rjiktiktaka via Hindi ryt, a south Asian condiment and side dish made of yogurt and vegetables.[109] Raj through Hindi and Pali/Prakrit rajja ultimately from Sanskrit rjya, which means "a king" or "kingdom." Raj means kingdom or domain of a ruler.[110] Rajah Ramtil Rani Rice through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit rjn, consort of a rajah.[113] via Old French ris and Italian riso from Latin oriza, which is from Greek oryza, through an Indo-Iranian tongue finally from Sanskrit vrihi-s "rice", derived from proto-Dravidian.[114] Rook From Persian rokh; ultimately from rath "chariot." (This is the chess piece, not the bird.) Rupee through Hindi rupiy ultimately from Sanskrit rpyakam, an Indian silver coin.[115] Rye via Romani from Sanskrit rj, rye is used to define a gypsy person.[116] through Hindi from Sanskrit rjn, which means "a king".[111] through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit rmatilah, which means "a dark sesame".[112]

[edit] S
Saccharovia Latin Saccharon and Greek from Pali sakkhar, ultimately from Sanskrit sarkar.[117] Sadhu ultimately from Sanskrit sdhu meaning "good man."[118] Samadhi from Sanskrit samadhi, which means "putting together".[119] Sambal through Afrikaans, Malay, and Tamil campl ultimately from Sanskrit sambhrei.[120] Sambar through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit ambarah, a kind of Asian deer.[121]

Samsara from Sanskrit sa-sra, which means "passing through".[122] Sandal via Middle English sandell, Old French sandale, Medieval Latin sandalum, Medieval Greek sandalion (diminutive of sandalon) and Arabic and Persian ;perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit candanam meaning "wood for burning incense;" this is the word sandalwood, not related to sandals which is a type of footwear.[123] Sandhi ultimately from Sanskrit samdhih, a wide variety of phonological processes.
[124]

Sangha from Sanskrit sagha, a community of Buddhist monks and nuns.[125] Sanskrit from Sanskrit samskrtam "put together, well-formed".[126] Sapphire via Old French saphir, Latin sapphirus and Greek sappheiros from a Semitic tongue (c.f. Hebrew: sapir); possible ultimate origin in Sanskrit sanipriya which literally means "Sacred to Saturn (Shani)".[127] Sari through Hindi sari and Prakrit sadi, finally from Sanskrit sati "garment".[128] Satyagraha from Sanskrit satyagraha, which means "insisting on truth".[129] Sattva from Sanskrit sattvah, which means "truth".[130] Shaman through Russian from Tungus shaman, perhaps from Chinese sha men, via Prakrit finally from Sanskrit sramana-s "a Buddhist monk".[131] Shampoo via Anglo-Indian shampoo and Hindi champo probably from Sanskrit capayati, which means "kneads".[132] Shawl from Persian shal, finally from Sanskrit satI, which means "a strip of cloth".[133] Siddha from Sanskrit siddhah, which means "achieved, accomplished".[134] Sikh through Hindi sikh "a disciple", ultimately from Sanskrit siksati which means "studies".[135] Singh via Hindi Singh finally from Sanskrit simhah which means "a lion".[136] Singapore via Malay Singapura ultimately from Sanskrit Simhapuram, literally "the lion city".[137] Sinhala

from Sanskrit Simhala which means "Sri Lanka".[138] Sinhalese from Sanskrit simhala which means "of lions".[139] Sri Lanka from Sanskrit: which means "venerable island." Stupa from Sanskrit stpah which means "crown of the head".[140] Sugar through Old French sucre, Italian zucchero, Middle Latin succarum, Arabic: sukkar and Persian: shakar ultimately from Sanskrit sharkara which means "ground or candied sugar" (originally "grit" or "gravel"), from protoDravidian.[141] Sulfur from Middle English sulfur, Old French soufre,[142] and Latin sulfur and Arabic sufra meaning "yellow," perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit sulvari.[143]
[144][145]

Sunn Sutra Suttee Swami through Hindi swami ultimately from Sanskrit svami, which means "a master".[149] Swastika from Sanskrit svastika, which means "one associated with well-being, a lucky charm".[150] via Hindi: ultimately from Sanskrit: sna, a kind of Asian plant.[146] from Sanskrit sutram which means "a rule".[147] through Hindi finally from Sanskrit sati, which means "an honorable woman".[148]

[edit] T
Taka Talipot Tendu Tantra Teapoy Thug via French "stretched" and Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit tainduka.[153] from Sanskrit tantram, which means "weave".[154] via Hindi tipi and Urdu tip,which originated as a Sanskrit compound: (tr, three) and (pda, foot). via Bengali: from Sanskrit tankah.[151] through Hindi and Malay talipat from Sanskrit tlapattram, a kind of tree.
[152]

through Marathi and Hindi thag probably ultimately from Sanskrit sthaga, which means "a scoundrel".[155] Til Toddy Tola via Hindi: ultimately from Sanskrit tul, a traditional Indian unit of mass.[158] Toon Tope Tussah through Hindi tasar "shuttle" finally from Sanskrit tasaram, a large moth.[161] Tutty through Middle English tutie, Old French, Medieval Latin ttia, Arabic ttiy, and Persian ultimately from Sanskrit tuttham meaning "blue vitriol", a Dravidian origin is also probable.[162] through Hindi tn ultimately from Sanskrit tunnah, a kind of tree.[159] through Hindi op probably from Prakrit thpo, finally from Sanskrit stpah.[160] from Sanskrit tilah, a kind of plant.[156] through Hindi tari ultimately from Sanskrit tala-s, a Dravidian origin is also probable.[157]

[edit] V
Vimana from Sanskrit vimana meaning plane, also referred to the top of the temple tower, sanctum santorum.[163] Vina ultimately from Sanskrit v through Hindi v, a kind of instrument.
[164]

Veranda A verandah or veranda is a roofed opened gallery or porch .[165] Virinchi from Sanskrit virinchi meaning Brahma, also referred to the Creator of Universe.

[edit] W
Wanderoo through Sinhalese: finally from Sanskrit vnarah, a kind of monkey.[166] Wat via Thai: ultimately from Sanskrit vtah meaning "an enclosure."[167]

[edit] Y
Yoga through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit yoga-s, which means "yoke, union".[168] Yogi through Hindi yogi from Sanskrit yoga, one who practices yoga or ascetic.[169] Yeti yathih, which means "great sage, holyman" (this might have come to use as one might have mistaken a sage for the real Yeti)[citation needed]

[edit] Z
Zen through Japanese and Chinese Chn ultimately from Pali jhna and Sanskrit dhyana, which means "a meditation".[170]