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tvZ D v u P m-odp tmyw tmyZwd? tmyw y&d*l[wd/
t*wd*re *pwd? {'daom 0kpwd tvZD yk*avm/
y&d0gygVdawmf

odp=ynwfawmfudkodaompdwfESifhwuG aphaqmf?
tmyw = tmywf o if h r I u d k ? tmyZ w d = vG e f u sL;\? tmyw =
ykxZk Of*wdjzifh pGe;f Niad omtmywfu?kd y&d*[
l wd=vQKd U0Suf zH;k vTr;f \?
t*wd*re=t*wdw&m;av;yg;odkYvnf;? *pwd=vdkufpm;\?
{'daom=odkYoabm&Sdaomyk*dKvfudk? tvZDyk*avm=tvZD
yk*dKvf[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\/
1/ trIukdjyKaomf {ueftmywfoifh\ [kodvsuf
jyKjcif;onfvnf; vuPmwpfyg;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

2/ rodaomfvnf;aumif; odvsuEf iS hf pdwu

f dk rcsKyw
f nf;
Ekdifaomfvnf;aumif; jyKrd rdrd tmywfoifhrSef;
odcv
hJ Qif xkt
d mywfudk vQKUd 0Suf zk;H vTr;f aeYu;l atmif
xm;jcif;onfvnf; vuPmwpfyg;
3/ ypn;f b@mukd a0zef&mXmeponf t*wdav;yg;okYd
vkdufpm; rw&m;ojzifh jyKjcif;onfvnf; vuPm
wpfyg;
vuPm okH;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;aom vuPmESifh
jynfhpkHaom&[ef;ukd tvZDyk*Kdvf[k qkdtyf\/
ygXfavQmuft"dyg,f/

tvZv
D uPmNy;D \/
------0-----
-tm'dawm y|m, tvZDemr ewd/
t|uxm

tm'dawm=tSi&f [ef;jzpfonfr?S y|m,=p? tvZeD mr=

tvZDrnfonf? ewd=rSd/
vZD tvZDrnfonf trsKd;tkd;ESifh tNrJjzpf aeonf
r[kwf? pdwuPukd pGJjzpf\? xkdaMumifh yk*Kdvf wpfa,mufonf
wpfxkdifwGif;rSmyif tvZDvnf; q,fcg ru jzpfEkdif\? vZDvnf;
q,fcgru jzpfEkdif\/
tb,fokdY jzpfEkdifoenf;[lrl wpfxkdifwGif;rSmyif q,fcg
ru jzpfEidk af om tmywfwo
Ydk nf rsm;pGmSu
d ek \
f ? olwpfyg;wkv
Yd nf;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

rodEkdifukef? xkduJhokdYaom tmywfwkdYukd wxkdifwGif;rSmyif pdwf

apwemESifhwuG q,fcgru vGefusL;cJhvQif q,fcgru tvZD
jzpf\? oifw
h idk ;f oifw
h idk ;f vnf; tmywfoifrh u
I dk igjyKrNd yD jyKrad om
trIukdvnf; a'oemMum;rnf aemufukdvnf; tvZDtrIukd
igaSmifMuOfrnf[k vZ"D roYdk q,fcgru oufjyefvQif q,fcgru
vZDjzpfEkdif\? okdYvQif vZD tvZDrnfonf trsKd;tkd;tm;jzifh
tNrjJ zpfaeonf r[kw?f pdwu
P
ukpd
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vZDjzpfEkdifaom oabmrsKd;wnf;? wpfoufvkH; tNrJvZD"rokdY
roufyJaevQif wpfoufvkH;yif tvZD tNrJjzpf&\/
um; ]]tm'dawm y|m, tvZDemr ewd}} [laom
t|uxmygVd\ t"dyg,fwnf;/

t|uxmygXfukd axmuf jyqkdcJhNyD;aom tvZD

yk*dKvftjzpfrSm tvZDpdwf tvZDvuPm wif;vif;SdaeqJ cP
om tvZt
D jzpfudk qkt
d yf\? vZ"D roYdk oufaom pdwt
f cku
d o
f Ydk
a&mufayvQif vZDyk*Kdvftjzpfukd qkdtyf\/
om&w ' D y eD # D u mvnf ; ....
tm'dawm y|m, tvZDemr ewDwd rdem
'da| 'da| oHoa,m e umwaAmwd 'awd/
rde\
Yf /
tm'dawm y|m, tvZDemr ewDwd rdem=tm'dawm
y|m, tvZDemr ewd-[laomygXfjzifh? 'da| 'da|=jrifwkdif; jrif
wkdif;aom yk*Kdvf? 0g=wpfa,mufaom yk*KdvfukdyifvQif jrifwkdif;
jrif w k d i f ; aom cP? oH o a,m=tvZ D b m0oH o ,uk d ? e

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

umwaAm=rjyKtyf? wd=okdY? 'awd=jyawmfrlay\/

tvZDrI wif;vif;ESifh awGUjrifvQif xkdtrIwif;vif; Sdae
qJcPom xkyd *k K v
d u
f dk tvZt
D aeESihf oHo,jyKxu
dk \
f ? tvZrD I
ukd rjrifaomtckduf oHo, rjyKtyf qkdvkdonf/
]]oO
]oO d p tmyw tmyZ w d } } tmywf u k d vG e f u sL;rI
onf . ..
1/ ynwfawmfukd odvsufvGefusL;rI
2/ ynwfawmfukd rodvGefusL;rI
3/ 0wKukd odvsufvGefusL;rI
4/ 0wKukd rodvGefusL;rI
[l av;rsKd;Sd\/
tom;Bu;D q,fyg;ukd &[ef;wkYd rpm;tyf? pm;vQif tmywf
oifah p[k ynwfawmf\
dS ? ynwfawmfudk odonfum; ynwfod
wnf;? ynwfawmfudk rodonfum; ynwfrodwnf;? tom;ukd
jrifaomtcg tom;onf tuy,
d tom;rsK;d [kw\
f r[kw[
f k
odjcif; rodjcif;onfvnf; 0wKod rodrnf\/
aTaiGponfwYdk okjYd yKvQif okq
Yd v
dk Qif cHjcif;ajrmuf\
rajrmuf ponfjzifhtrIukdodjcif; rodjcif;onfvnf; 0wKod
rodrnf\/
1/ avmu0Z
2/ yPwd0Z [l tmywfESpfrsKd;Sd\/

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

1/

olYtoufukd owfjcif;? olYOpmukd ckd;,ljcif; tpSd

aom yuwdyif tukokdvfrIrsKd;jzpfaom tmywfrsKd;
onf avmu0Z tmywfrnf\/
2/ ajrukdwl;jcif;? jrufopfyifukd jzwfjcif;tpSdaom
yuwdrmS tukov
dk rf rI sK;d r[kw/f bk&m;ynwfom
jzpf&aom tmywfrsKd;onf yPwd0Zrnf\/
xkEd pS rf sK;d wGif avmu0Z tmywfrsK;d ynwf0wK ESpyf g;ukd
odvsuf vGefusL;tHh? tmywfvnf;oifh\? tvZD vnf;jzpf\?
ynwfuykd if rodaomfvnf; 0wKuo
kd v
d suf vGeu
f L;th?H tcsKd Uaom
trI tmywfvnf;oifh\? tvZDvnf;jzpf\? ygPmwdygwrI
ok&mygerIponfwnf;/
tcsKd UaomtrI tmywfyifroif?h tmywfroifv
h Qiv
f nf;
tvZDjzpfonfrqdkom? aocd,odumyk'f ponfwnf;/
aocd,odumyk'frsKd; r[m0g plV0gwdkYvmaom odumyk'f
rsKd;wdkYonfum; ynwfawmfudkrodaom olwdkYrSm tmywfvGwf
onfrsm;\? ynwfawmfudkodvsuf 0wKudk rodvGefusK;rdtHh?
tcsKdUaomtrI tmywfoifh\? tvZDum; rjzpf? ok&mygerIay
wnf;? ok&myge ,pfrsKd;rSef;rod wpfjcm;wpfyg;aom 0wKrsKd;
rSwfxif aomufrd rsKdrdaomfvnf; tmywfoifhonfomNzpf\?
tcsKUd aomtrI tmywfvnf; roif?h tvZv
D nf; rjzpf? ygPmwd
ygwtrI ponfwnf;? ygPmwdygwrI touf&Sdaom0wK[k
rod? wpfjcm;wpfyg;aom 0wKxifrSwf zsufqD;rd&m tmywf
roif/h

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

yPwd0Z tmywfrsdK;rlum; ynwf0wKESpfyg;pHkudk od

vGefusL;rS tvZDjzpfonf? ynwfudkodvsuf 0wKudk rod
vGefusL;rdtHh? tvZDrjzpf? 0wKudkodvsuf ynwfudk rodrl
vGeu
f sL;rdt?hH tvZD rjzpf? ynwf 0wK ESpyf g;pku
H kd rod vGeu
f sL;rd
tHh tvZD rjzpf/
um; ]]oOdp tmyw tmyZwd}} [laomtvZD t*Fg
oOdpo'g\ teufoGm;udk jyqdkcsufwnf;/

]]tmyw
]tmyw y&d * l [ wd } }[l a om 'k w d , t*F g --1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/

tmywfoifhonfvnf;jzpfap
tmywfoifhonf[k odonfvnf;jzpfap
rdrad e&mteD;tyg; rdrt
d usK;d udk vdv
k m;aom obm*
&[ef;Sdonfvnf;jzpfap
obm* &[ef;Sd\[k odonfvnf;jzpfap
tE&m,fq,fyg;wGif wpfyg;yg;rQ rSo
d nf vnf;jzpfap
tE&m,frSd[k odonfvnf;jzpfap
rdrd EIwf>rufGwfqdk a'oemMum;jcif;iSg rpGrf;Ekdif
avmufatmif tema&m*g rSdonfvnf; jzpfap
tema&m*grSd[k odonfvnf;jzpfap
tkPfwufonf wdkifatmif zkH;vTrf; xm;vdkaom
pdwfSdonfvnf;jzpfap
tkPw
f ufonfwikd af tmif a'oemrMum;yJ zk;H vTr;f
xm;onfvnf;jzpfap

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

t*Fgq,fyg;ESifh jynfhpkH tkPfwufaponfjzpftHh?

tkPfwufaomtcg zkH;vTrf;rItwGufaMumifh 'ku#ftmywf
vnf;xyfrH oifhjyef\? tvZDvnf;jzpf\? t*Fgq,fyg;wGif
wpfyg;yg;csKdUwJh tkPfwufaponfjzpftHh? 'ku#ftmywfvnf;
roifh? tvZDvnf;rjzpf/
qd k z G , f t xl ; um; ..
...
rdrd tmywfoifhrSef;odvsuf a'oemMum;&ef taMumif;
tcGifhpkvnf; xifSm;Sdvsuf tkPfrwufrD twGif; a'oem
rMum;vdkaom &[ef;onf a'oemrMum;vdkaom pdwfjzpfonfh
tcgrSp xdt
k mywfukd a'oemMum;vdak om vZ"D roYkd rouforQ
umvywfv;Hk wpfv wpfEpS pf onfyif Mumaomfvnf; tvZt
D jzpf
om wnf\/
tmywfoifhonf[k odonfvnf;jzpfap[laom 'kwd,
t*Fg 0denf;usrf;*efudk rwwfaomolwdkYtm; tmywfoifh
aomfvnf; oifrh eS ;f odaomt&mum; enf;yg;\? rodaomt&mum;
tvGefrsm;jym;\? rodoifhaom tmywftwGuf rodzkH;vTrf;
aom tmywftwGufum; tvZDrqdktyf/
um; ]]tmyw y&d*l[wd}} [laom'kwd,t*Fgt&udk
jyqdkcsufwnf;/

]]t*wd * reO *p w d } } [l a om wwd , t*F g ...

1/ a,m qEm*w e *pwd

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

10

2/ a'gom*w e *pwd
3/ b,m*w e *pwd
4/ arm[m*w e *pwd
[l oHCduypnf;udk a0bef&mXmeponf a[m
awmfrlonfudk y"mejyK t*wdw&m;av;yg;udk ypnf; a0zefrI
ponfEiS phf yf usr;f *efwYkd zGiq
hf Mkd uonf? t*wdw&m;odYk vdu
k pf m;
rIqdkaomfvnf; tmywfoifh aumif;aom vdkufpm;rIudk,l&rnf?
qdik &f modum yk'u
f kd usL;vGeaf usmef if; tmywfoifah tmif vdu
k pf m;
rSom tvZDjzpfonf[k q&mjrwfwdkY rdefYqdkMuukef\/
ESpOf ;D ESpzf ufaomolwYkd 0denf;pum; okwe pf um; tbd"rm
pum; ajymqd k M u&mXme ol r sm;buf p um; w&m;vrf ; rS e f
oufonfuo
kd v
d suf tnHrh cHcsio
f nft
h wGuf xkt
d ,l xdpk um;udk
rw&m;t"rjzpfatmif ajymqdkjcif; rdrdwdkYbufpum; w&m;
wdr;f vGo
J nfuo
kd v
d suf tnHrh cHcsio
f nft
h wGuf rdrw
d t
Ykd ,l rdrw
d Ykd
pum;udk w&m;vrf; rSefjzpfatmif ajymqdkjcif; enf;twl
tmywdxifvsuf tnHhrcHcsifonfhtwGuf temywd jzpfatmif
ajymqdkjcif; temywdxifvsuf tmywdxifatmifajymqdkjcif;
uJhodkY 0denf;okwef tbd"rm0d0g't&mwdkY vdkufpm;aom
rkom0g' t*wdw&m;rsdK;onfvnf; t*wdrsdK;jzpf\/
um;]]t*wd*reO*pwd}}[laom wwd,t*Fg t&udk
jyqdkcsufwnf;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

11

vZD tvZt
D &m 0denf;usr;f *efukd rwwfaom olwrYkd mS
oDvvnf;enf;yg;\? tvZjD zpf&efvnf; enf;yg;\? 0denf; usr;f *ef
udk wwfaomolwrYkd mS um; aumif;pGmusihf onfjzpft?hH oDvtvGef
Bu;D us,\
f ? aumif;pGm rusio
hf nfjzpft?hH tvZjD zpf&ef tvGerf sm;
jym;\? bkef;uHvnf; BuD;rm; ta>ct&Hvnf;rsm;onf jzpftHh?
omoemawmfukd tBu;D tus,f zsuEf ikd \
f ? qDr;D nx
d eG ;f wdu
k cf ef;
0ifvQKd; olcdk;BuD;ESifhwl\/
vZD tvZDt*Fg tusOf;jycsufNyD;\/
----------'k D v yk * d K vf \ t*F g vu P mud k od k Y r S w f t yf
\...
'k|a'goodumyk'f yg&mZduusrIudk jrifjcif; Mum;jcif;
,HkrSm;jcif;r&SdbJ &[ef;tjzpfrS a&GUavsmapvdkaom pdwfouf
oufjzifh yg&mZduusa&mufonfudk jyqdkaom pum;vHk;wdkYESifh
wpfyg;aom&[ef;udk pGyfpGJcJhvQif pGyfpGJaom &[ef;tm; oHCm
'daoof tmywfBuD;oifh\? uJhodkYaom pum;vHk;wdkYjzifh pGyfpGJcJh
onf&Sdaomf yg&mZdu wpfu,fusNyD;aom &[ef;udkyif pGyfpGJrd
aomfvnf; pGypf aJG om&[ef;rSm oHCm'daooftmywfBu;D oifah o;
onfom jzpf\? &[ef;tjzpfrS a&GUavsmapvdkaom pdwfr[kwf?
&[ef;tjzpf t&SdeftapmfrJhapvdkaompdwfjzifh pGyfpGJqJa&;cJhonf
&Sdaomf yg&mZdu wu,fusNyD;aom &[ef;udkyif pGyfpGJqJa&;rd
aomfvnf; pGyfpGJqJa&;aom&[ef;rSm ygpdwftmywfoifhao;\/

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

12

yg&mZd u usa&muf o nf u d k jyqd k a om pum;vH k ; rsd K ;

qd k o nf u m;...
wGH=oifonf? yg&mZduH=yg&mZdurIodkY? tmyaEm=a&muf
aomolonf? tod=jzpf\/
wGH=oifonf? 'kDavm=oDvr&Sdonf? tod=jzpf\/
wGH=oifonf? toraPm=&[ef;r[kwfonf? tod=
jzpf\/
wGH=oifonf? tousykwda,m=om*D0ifrif;om; bk&m;
om;awmfr[kwfonf? tod=jzpf\/
odkYpaom pum;rsdK;onf yg&mZduusa&mufonfudk jyqdkaom
pum;vHk;rsdK;[l t|uxmwdkYvmonf/

tvZD [laom pum;onfum; yg&mZduusa&mufonfukd

qdkaompum;vnf; [kwf\? 'ku#f tmywfoifhonfudk qdkaom
pum;vnf; [kwf\? odkYtmywftrsm;ESifh qufqHaom pum;
jzpf tvZD[laom pum;ESifh wpfyg;aom&[ef;udk pGyfpGJrdaomf
vnf; pGyfpGJaom&[ef;rSm oHCm'daooftmywfBuD;roifh?
odkYaom usrf;*ef,kwdudk axmuf yg&mZdu usa&mufNyD;aom
&[ef;onfom 'kDvrnf\? 'kDvqdkvQif &[ef;rSm yg&mZdu
usa&muf NyD;aom &[ef;udk qdkonf[krSwftyf\/
yg&mZdurS <uif;aom tmywfrsdK; oifh&Sdaom &[ef;udk
'kDv&[ef; rqdktyf? tvZDt*FgESifhjynfhpHkvQif tvZD &[ef;
[lom qdktyf\/
um; tvZD? 'kDvESpfyg;cGJenf;wnf;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

13

t&m cyfodrf;aom odumyk'fwdkYESifh qufqHaom

tusK;d q,fyg; ]]'kru
elF H yk*v
meH ed*[
m,}} [laomyk'f 'kru
elF -H
yk'u
f kd 'kv
D meH[k t|uxmzGi&hf m 'kru
-Fk yk'o
f nf tvZyD 'k \
f
y&d,m,fjzpf&m\/
tvZ D o nf 1/ 'kDvtvZD
2/ omrntvZD -[l ESpfyg;Sd\/
yg&mZdu odum yk't
f &mjzpf 'kv
D tvZu
D dk t|uxm
zGifhjyavonf? wpfyg;aom odumyk'ft&mjzpfrlum; omrn
tvZDukd 'krukF-[k ,ltyf\? 0drwd#Dum Sifum; xkd'kDvmeHyk'fukd 0dN*dK[fESpfcsufBuH\? yg&mZdut&mjzpftHh? ]]'kDvmeH=
tcsif;cyfodrf; oDvrSdukefaom}} wpfyg;aom odumyk'ft&m
jzpftHh? ]]'kDvmeH=wpfpdwf tm;jzifh ysufaomoDvSdukefaom}}
okdYteuf ESpfcsuf,l\? 'ku#f 'kAmoDrQyifjzpfap tmywfoifh
cJv
h Qif oifah omtmywftwGuf 'kv
D jzpf\[k t"dyg ,fa&muf\?
tvZD jzpfrIxufyif 'kDvjzpfrI vG,f&mus\? okdY roifh
jrwf a om teuf a &muf c J h o nf w pf a Mumif ; ]]'k D v mwd
edDv? 'kDavmwd edDavm}}[k t|uxm#DumBuD; wkdY
zGifhNrJ tkd;tpOfESifh rnDnGwfcJhonfwpfaMumif; yg&mZduusrIukd
wkdufkdufjyEkdifaom ]]toraPm tous-ykwda,m}} yk'fwkdYESifh
twlwuG 'k|a'go oHCm'daoof odum yk'w
f w
Ydk iG f 'kv
D o'gukd
jyqdkaom t|uxmrsm;ESifh qefYusifonf wpfaMumif; odkY

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

14

taMumif;rsm;aMumifh xd0k rd wd#u

D mSif zGichf suu
f kd q&mjrwfwYkd t,l
rSMd uuke/f
xdkYaMumifh 'kDvyk*dKvfqdkonfum; &[ef;oDv &[ef;
odum [l tPk`rrl QrSad om yg&mZdu usa&mufNy;D aom &[ef;udk
om,ltyf\? xdkyg&mZduusa&mufNyD;aom &[ef;onfvnf;
ig&[ef; r[kwf[k rajymrl tMuifrQavmuf umvywfvkH;
&[ef;aumif;jyKvkyf wpfyg;aom &[ef;aumif;wdkYESifh aygif;
azmfjcif;? vlwdkYtvSLt'gef;udk &[ef;aumif;taeESifh cH,ljcif;rsm;
udkjyKvkyfae\? xdkrQ avmufaom umvywfvkH; 'kDv&[ef;
[kqdk&\? rdrd udk,fudk ig&[ef;r[kwf[k zGifhajymMum;aom
tcgrSp 'kDvvnf; r[kwfayNyD &[ef;vnf; r[kwfNyD/
pum; apm'em&ef S d \ ....
ig&[ef; r[kw[
f k zGi
hf ajymMum;aomtcgrS p 'kv
D
vnf;r[kwaf yNy/D &[ef;vnf;r[kwNf y[
D k qd\
k / zGi
hf rajymMum;rD
a&S;tzdkYum; xdkyg&mZduus 'kDvyk*dKvfonf &[ef;[kwf
ao;oavm[k apm'em&ef&\
dS ? tajzum; bduK abmudk rpGeaYf om
aMumifh &[ef;t&m wnfvsufyif &Sdayao;onf[krSwf/
,k w d u m;...
'k|a'go oHCm'daoof tmywfBuD;t&m jyqdkcJhNyD;
aomenf;jzifh yg&mZduusa&mufNy;D aom ig&[ef;[laom y#dnmOf
&Sdao;aom xdk&[ef;udk 'd|okw y&douwr&SdyJ yg&mZdurI

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

15

yg&mZdupum;vHk;ESifh pGyfpGJrdaom&[ef;rSm &[ef;aumif;udk pGyfpGJ

onfEiS t
hf wl oHCm'daoof tmywfBu;D yif oifo
h nf/ vl omraP
udk pGyfpGJrdvQif 'ku#f tmywfrQom oihfonf/ / vnf; ,kwd
wpf c suf /
vl omraPudkqJa&;rdvQif 'ku#ftmywfom oifhonf?
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ZtpodYk

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1/

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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1/
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20

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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EGrf;yg;aeaom rdwfaumif; aqGaumif; cifyGef;aumif;\? udpH=

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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vdrmjcif;r&Sd? odkY r&Sdonfh twGuf Amvjzpf\? wpfzef uwl

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ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

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xdkaMumifh vZDy@dw oyK&dot*Fg okH;rsdK;ESifh jynfhpkHvkHavmuf

aomyk*dKvfudk rSD0Jqnf;uyf&jcif;onf taumif;qkH; tjrwfqkH;
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rlum; rSD0Jqnf;uyfaomolu tvdrm&Sdap&rnf/
Oyrmum;
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avsmuf tjcifrsm;udkvdk opfawmodkY 0ifaom a,musfm;onf
opfwpfyifxrJ mS yif vdo
k rQcyford ;f udk jynfph v
kH aHk vmufpmG &ygrlum;
tvGeaf umif;jrwfvyS g\? xdu
k o
hJ pYkd v
kH ifaom opfyifaumif;Bu;D udk
rawGUcJah omfvnf; tdrrf aqmuf& r&Sad ptyf? tdrrf &Sv
d Qif 'kur sm;
pGm jzpfvwHU? opfyiftrsm;udk MunfhI wdkif&SnfbdkYaumif;aom
opfyifrS wdkif&Snfudk &atmif,l? wdkifwdkbdkY aumif;aomopfyifrS
wdkifwdkudk &atmif,l? odkYponfjzifh awGU&SdorQaom opfyifrS
rdrdtoHk;jyKbdkY aumif;&mudkuGuf,l? raumif;&mudkxm;cJh?
odkYjyKvQif opfwpfyifaumif;awGUaom oluJhodkYyif tdrfaumif;
xajrmuf rdrdwpfouf om;pOf ajr;quf rSDcdk&mjzpfvwHU/
Oyrmtwl oDv0E Amv toyK&o
d yk*K v
d f dS aecJv
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oDv*kPfoufoufukd uGufjcm; MunfndKkdaoav;jrwf qnf;
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vspfvsLI xm;&rnf? a&m rygapESifh? csKyfcs,fjcif;ukdvnf;
rjyKESifh? a&mygcJhvQif rdrdvnf; Amv toyK&dotjzpfESifh
epfvdrfhrnf? csKyfcs,fcJhvQif oDvtwGuf rdrdrSm jzpf&maom

ZtpodYk

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28

tusK;d pD;yGm; ysuv

f rd rhf nf? todtvdrm yGm;rsm;&ef y@dwyk*K v
d u
f dk
rSD0Jqnf;uyfrI pdwfESvkH; jzLpifajzmifhpif; El;nHhaysmhaysmif;&ef
oyK&doyk*Kdvfukd rSD0Jqnf;uyfrIrsm;ukd tNrJaMumifhMupkduf&rnf/
xkdoDv0E Amv toyK&doyk*Kdvfukd rSD0Jqnf;uyf
aomolonf xkyd *k K v
d f Amvjzpfonft
h wGuf ]]tao0emp AmvmeH}}
[laom r*FvmESifh qefYusifzuf raeavm? toyK&dojzpfonfh
twGuf ]]oAad &0 ormaox}} [laom a'oemESihf qefu
Y sizf uf
raeavm[lrl? xkdokdYaG;cs,frI vdrm rSD0JaomolrSm qefYusif
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ao;\/
tb,foYdk jzpfaumif;oenf;[lrl tbd"rm ]]Amvm "rm
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oDv*kPfoufoufukd uGufjcm; rSD0Jqnf;uyfonfhtwGuf
]]y@dwme ao0em}} r*Fvm wpfpw
d yf ifjzpf\? xkyd *k K v
d f jyKaom
AmvtrI toyK&do trIrsm;ukd a&maESm pdwfa&mukd,fyg
vku
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h Qif r*FvmESpyf g;ysu
f Amvtjzpf toyK&o
d tjzpf
om wnfav&m\/
<uif;aom taumif;tqkd; a&m,Sufaom yk*KdvfwkdYukd
rDS0J&mvnf; enf;wl odav/

taumif;t*Fg wpfyg;rQ rygaom tvZD Amv toyK&o

d
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AmvmeH}} [laom r*FvmBuD; jzpf\/

ZtpodYk

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um; ykpm tvZD 'kDvukd rwnfjyKNyD;vQif Amv

y@dw oyK&doa'oemwkdYESifh EDS;aESma&mbuf ar;aom ykpm
jzpfavaomaMumifh a0zefpdwfjzmbG,f rsm;jym;vsufSdcJh onfESifh
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odjrifcJhvQif 'kwd,ykpm wwd,ykpmwkdY ajzvkd&if;teufukd
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r*Fvmwnf;? tukov
kd w
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yGg;rIonf tcsKyfwnf;/
xd k a Mumif h ao0d w A m ao0d w A ok w e f y gVd a wmf
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yk*a vm e ao0dwaAm/ ,xmlyO acg om&dyw
k yk*v
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tbd0Ed/ {0layg yk*avm ao0dwaAm/
[la[mawmfrlonf/

ZtpodYk

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om&d y k w = cspf o m;om&d y k w & m? ,xml y H = tMuif o d k Y

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Amvy@d w ok w f -'k p d E d w pd E D p a[mwd ? 'k A m od w bmoD p ?
'ku# urum&Dp/
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'kpdEdw pdEDp=raumif;aomtBuHudk BuHavh&Sdonfvnf;?

a[mwd=jzpf\? 'kAmodwbmoDp=raumif;aom pum;udkajym
qdak vh&o
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jyKtyfaomtrIudk jyKavh&Sdonfvnf;? a[mwd=jzpf\/

ZtpodYk

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okpdEdwpdEDp=aumif;aomtBuHudk BuHavh&Sdonfvnf;?
a[mwd=jzpf\? okbmodwbmoDp=aumif;aom pum;udkajym
qdak vh&o
dS nfvnf;? a[mwd=jzpf\? oku#-urum&Dp=aumif;pGm
jyKtyfaom trIudkjyKavh&Sdonfvnf;? a[mwd=jzpf\/
odkY 'Gg&oHk;yg;vHk; raumif;aomoludk Amv 'Gg&oHk;yg;vHk;
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,ckumvum; 'Gg&oHk;yg;vHk;aumif;aomol &Sm;\? tcsdKU

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aumif;\? um,'Gg& raem'Gg&raumif;? tcsKdU um,'Gg& 0pD'Gg&
aumif;\? raem'Gg&raumif;? odkY taumif;tqdk; ta&m
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avm ryGg;avm tukov
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qnf;uyf&monf/
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[lusr;f *efvmonf/
{aumtvZD=tvZDwpfa,mufonf? tvZdowHyd=
tvZDyk*dKvf t&mrujzpfyGg;atmifvnf;? ua&mwd=jyKwwf\/

ZtpodYk

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odkYvmaomaMumifh tvZDudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfvQif tvZD

jzpfwwfonfum; tjypfwnf;/
a&S;vnf; tvZDudkrSD0JvQif tvZDjzpfwwfonf/
AmvudkrSD0JvQif Amvjzpfwwfonf/
toyK&doudk rSD0JvQif toyK&do jzpfwwfonf [k
qdck NhJ y/D
um; tjypf w nf ; /
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toyK&dojzpfvQif orm"dESifh b0tqufquf a0;
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ynm,SOyf grS r*FvmjzpfEikd rf nfuv
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rsm;xH avQmufxm; em,lav/
'kwd, wwd, ykpmESpf&yf tajzNyD;\/
-------------------

ZtpodYk

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33

pwkw ykpmtajz
tvZD 'kDv yk*dKvfrSef; odvsufESifh qGrf;paom 'ge0wK
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[laom t|uxmygXf yg0ifukefonf? xdkYaMumifh-

ZtpodYk

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12/ o&P*kHwnfaomvl
13/ o&P*kHESifhwuG ig;yg;oDv wnfaomvl
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Yk m; vSL'gef;ylaZmfrrI mS om xdk

ZtpodYk

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r*Fvmjzpf rjzpfpdppfbG,f&Sd\/
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trsm;wdkYpdwfoabm a&m,SufaeMuaom t&mXme

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toDwdowaum#da,m/
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{aw oH0&0de,m?
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ZtpodYk

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xkwfazmfynwf jyawmfrltyfukef\/
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ZtpodYk

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37

xdktcg o&P*Hkudk xyfrH,l&onf? o&P*Hk xyfrH

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vdifq,fyg;rSwpfyg; 'Pfq,fyg; aocd, 75-yg; tp

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wnf\/

ZtpodYk

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od r f a rG U aomt&mjzpf OyrmjytH h...

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wpfcak om odum yk'f cH,al qmuf wnfjcif;[laom
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ZtpodYk

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odumyk'frQ xdkolrSm rwnfNyD? 'Pfxdkufaom trIwpfckckudk

usL;vGefcJhvQif o&P*Hkrysuf wpfpHkwpfckaom orm'gerIrQ
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ZtpodYk

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a,m a0g tmeE r,m "armp 0dea,mp a'odawm

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ZtpodYk

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tdrt
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ZtpodYk

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&Gwfzwfaom oHCmawmf t&Sdeft0grsm;udk tmHkjyK ylaZmfygrl

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ZtpodYk

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eef;awmfodkYa&muf vSLcJhMuNyDavm[k rif;BuD;uar;&m ig;rQm;

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pwkwykpm tajzNyD;\/
-------------------

ZtpodYk

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yOrykpm tajz
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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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r*Fvmyif jzpfao;\/
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f t|uxm

ZtpodYk

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48

ajzawmfrlonfum; xkdodkY &Sdrcdk;cJhonf&Sdaomf aumovrif;BuD;

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ZtpodYk

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[laom q|rykpm]]a,m ty'k| e& 'kwd?

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ZtpodYk

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t|uxmBuD;vnf; xdkodkYtrIonf qdkufa&mufvmvQif

aphppkH mG ppfaq; trIonfavQmufqckd suf pum;udk aphppkH mG Mum;em
&aomtcg yg&mZdu tjypfvw
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hJ Qif ok'j zwfpmcstyf\?
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tenf;enf; &Smtyf\? tenf;enf;&SmMu
H rS vGw&f maomtcsuu
f kd
rjrifcJhvQif 0denf;"dk&fwpfyg;xH vTwf&rnf? 'kwd,0denf;"dk&f q&m
onfvnf; xdt
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f ifct
hJ ?hH ok' jzwfpm
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wpfyg;xH apvTwf&rnf? enf;ESifESif apvTwf 0denf;"dk&fwdkif;
uyif yg&mZduus&yd x
f ifMu ok'j zwfpmvnf; ray; tok'v
nf;
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k rIonf a&mufvmjyeft?hH qdwNf ird f
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ar;jref; pdwfylavmifvSygonfqdkvQif pdwfat;&mtcGifhudk
&Smavawmh[k qdk&rnf? pdwfNidrfoufyg\qdkvQif aumif;vSNyD?
aumif;aumif;aeavawmhqdk vTwf&rnf[kvmacsonf/
odrfarGUvSaomt&m aphpHkpGm ppffaq;ar;jref; Mum;
od&ojzifh yg&mZduus&dyf 'kDvjzpf&dyfxifjrifaom 0denf;"dk&f
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pum;udk >rufqdk&eftrI tvGefcJ,Of;pGm vmacsonf? tb,f
aMumifh cJ,Of;vSavoenf;[lrl yg&mZdu trSefusaomoludk
yg&mZduusonf[kqdkrdvQif 0denf;"dk&fjzpfawmfyg\? rusaom
oludk usonf[kqdkrdvQif xdkyk*dKvfoEmef wnf&Sdaom uka#
ukd;axmifausmfrQaom odumyk'fwdkYudk 0denf;"dk&fq&m zsufqD;&m

ZtpodYk

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a&mufav\? 0efav;pGmaom trIudk jyKrdvsufae\? yg&mZdu

trSeu
f saomolukd rusxif rusqrkd o
I nfum; 0denf;"d&k q
f &m
tjypfr&S?d xdaYk Mumifh rus[k xifjrifcv
hJ Qif xifjrifwikd ;f qdrk I qH;k jzwf
rIudkjyK&rnf[k t|uxmvmayonf/
odkY olwpfyg;udk yg&mZduus 'kDvqdkrIonf ESpfodef;
av;aomif;txk&Sdaom r[myx0DajrBuD;udk xrf;&GufrIuJhodkY tvGef
0efav;vSaom trIjzpfacsonf/ owdBuD;BuD;xm;Muygukef/

yg&mZdutrSefusNyD;aomol yg&mZdurus tvZDrQom

jzpfaomol tvZrD jzpf oDv0Ejzpfaomol oH;k OD;vH;k udyk if taumom"dyg,jzifh 'kDvqdkrIonf zko0gpm uryxajrmuf\?
tyg,fav;yg;wGif a'goESifh,SOfaom uryxrsdK;jzpf i&J
y#d o aE u d k a y;\? tau m om"d y g ,rQ rurl omoemrS
a&GUapvdkaom p0em"dyg,jzifh 'kDvqdkrIonfum; xdkxuf0ef
av;aom trIBuD;jzpf\? txl;rSm 'kDvtrSefudk 'kDvqdkrd
pGyfpGJrd&m 0efav;HkrQom&Sd\? oDv0Eudk qdkrdpGyfpGJrd&mum;
tmeE&d,uHESifh tvm;wl\?
a'G ar bdua0 yk*vm 'ry[m, ,xmbwH edudwm {0H ed&a,/ uwar a'G/ a,mp
rdpm'd|daum a[mwd/ a,mp oDv0EH uvsmP"rH
jA[pm& tblawe tEdr 0wKem tAmpduwd/
[l a[mawmfrl\/
bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? ara'Gyk*vm= yk*dKvfESpfOD;wdkYonf?
'H=trIudk? ty[m,=ry,frpGefYonf&Sdaomf? tmbwH=,l

ZtpodYk

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aqmifcJhaom 0efxkyfudk? edudawm,xm=tdrfodkYa&mufu ypfcs

vdkufouJhodkY? {0H=twl? ed&a,=i&J? oaueuare= rdrdjyK
aom trIonf? edudwm=cstyfukefonf? a[mEd=jzpfukef\?
uwara'G=tb,fESpfOD;wdkY enf;[lrlum;? a,mp=tMuifolonf
vnf;? rdpm'd|daum= ed,wrdpm'd|dt,l&Sdonf? a[mwd=jzpf\?
a,mp=tMuif olonfvnf;? uvsmP"rH=aumif;aom w&m;
&Sad om? jA[pm&=jrwfaomtusi&hf adS om? oDv0E=H oDv0E &[ef;
udk? tblawe=r[kwfrrSefaom? tEdr0wKem=yg&mZdurIjzifh?
tAmpduw
=d pGypf \
JG /
t"d y g ,f u m;-OD;acgif;jzifh aqmifcJhaom 0efxkyfudk tdrfodkYa&mufu
ypfcsvdkufvQif aumif;uifwnfaeonf[l r&Sd? ajrodkY xkwf
acsmufusa&mufouJhodkY rdpm'd|dt,l&Sdaomolonf b0
xdkt,ludk rpGefYyJ aoonf&Sdaomf aoonf\tjcm;rJh tNrJvQif
i&JodkYomus\? oDv0E&[ef;udk tEdr 0wK yg&mZdurIjzifh
pGyfpGJaomolonfvnf; xdkoDv0E &[ef;udk awmif;yef0yfpif;
uefawmhjcif;udk rNyKrl aoonf&Sdaomf aoonf\tjcm;rJh
rcRwfrvGJ i&JodkYom us&\[lvdkonf/
'kDv r[kwfaom tvZDudkvnf; oDv0Etvm;wl
,lav/

t&m aum@"me rax&f0wK pdw[wu rax&f

0wKrsm;udk xkwfqdktyf\/

ZtpodYk

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aum@"merax&f o nf...
. ..
uybk&m;vufxuf opfyifapmifeh wfjzpf tvGecf spf
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udpE iS hf awmcsKH wiG ;f odYk &[ef; wpfyg;0ifav&m rmwk*gr ta,mif
aqmif xd&k [ef;ESihf twlwuG csKH rS xGuv
f m\? xd&k [ef;um;rjrif
taz:&[ef; ujrif 'kDv&[ef;[k pGefYypfoGm;av\? NrdKY&Gm
odaYk &mufMuoHCmtrsm;ESihf OykoNf yKMurnf&&dS m taz: &[ef;u
'kDv&[ef;ESifh OykoftwlrNyKvdk[kqdk\? awmt&yfcsHKwGif;rS
rmwk*grESifhtwl xGufvmonfudk udk,fwdkifjrif&aom 'd|rIudk
jyefajym\? xd&k [ef;u r[kw&f yg[k ajymaomfvnf; t,Hrk &Sad v?
xdktcg xdkewfvm t&Sifbk&m;wdkY cspfMunfrIudk odvdkom
tuREfkyf vkyfMuHaom trIjzpfygonf[k ajymaomfvnf; rpyfEdkif
MuavNyD? xdkewfonf aoonf\tjcm;rJh i&JodkYusav igwdkY
bk&m;vufxuf aum@"me&[ef; jzpfvm\? &[ef;jzpfonf
rSp oGm;av&mae&m rmwk*gr ola,mif tNryJ gae\? rdru
d m;
rjrif&? &[ef; vl&iS t
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'kv
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wdkYrSm,lav/

omoemxrf; &[ef;awmfwdkYESifhpyfaom 'kDvtcsuf

rnfonf jypfrmS ;vdak om a'gopdwEf iS hf r[kw?f pHpk rf;vdak ompdwEf iS hf

ZtpodYk

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oDv0Eukd 'kv
D xif&atmif jyKro
I nfyif odaYk vmuftjypf0yd guf
tusdK;quf BuD;us,fvS\/
pd w [ w u rax&f o nf...
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uybk & m;omoem &[ef ; jzpf rd w f a qG & [ef ;
wpfyg;ESit
hf wlaeMu&m rdwaf qG&[ef;vlxu
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f akd om pdw&f o
dS nf
udkod a&S;OD;pGm rxGuf&atmifajymqdkav\? aemuftcg
xdk&[ef;vlxGufvQif xdk&[ef;\ ouFef; oydwf y&du&mrsm;udk
ig&vwUH [k y&du& m wyfruf aompdwjf zpfvm vlxu
G jf zpfav
atmif pum;rsdK;udk ajymqdkav\? xdk&[ef;vnf; vlxGufav\?
taz:&[ef;onf igwdkYbk&m;vufxuf pdw[wu rax&f
jzpfvm\? &[EmrjzpfrDtwGif; xdk0dygu0#fvdkuf omoem
arGUavsmpf mG aecGihf r&rl ckepfBurd w
f ikd w
f ikd f &[ef;jzpfwkH vljzpfwkH
t&SufwuGJ azmufvJazmufjyef 0#fcH&av\/
tus,frSm "ry' t|uxmrSm,lav/

odYk omoemrS aumif;aoma&GUjcif;jzifh a&GUvdak om olukd

tvdkNyD;atmif csD;rGrf;axmufyHh ajymqdkrdumrQESifhyif igwdkYbk&m;
vufxuf 0#f0dygufvkdufyg omoem axmufwnf&mr&yJ
t&SufwuGJ azmufvJazmufjyef 0#fcH&avao;\/
0wKudk axmufajrmf rdrdwdkY\ om;&if;ajr;&if;udkyif
jzpfaomfvnf; omoem arGUavsmpf mG aexdik af om &[ef;omraP
rsm;udk vlpdwfygatmif jzm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifjcif;trIrsm;udk
rjyKrdatmif owdrloifhvS\/

ZtpodYk

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0wKrsm;udk axmufxm; oDv0E&[ef;udk p0em"dyg ,

pdwfjzifh 'kDvqdkrI pGyfpGJrIrsm;onf tb,frQavmuf tusdK;&if;
tusdK;quf 0#f0dyguf BuD;us,fvdrfhrnf[k Iqifjcif&efwpfcsuf
b0rS aemufaemufb0wdkY &aoh &[ef;wdkY omoem oAnK
bk&m;omoemrsm;ESihf b0 tqufqufa0;uGm oGm;&efwpfcsuf
uHwpfyg; axmufr &aoh&[ef;wdkY omoem oAnKbk&m;
omoem rsm; &aohtjzpf &[ef;tjzpfudk &ygjim;aomfvnf;
aum@"me&[ef; pdw[wu &[ef;wdkYuJhodkY 0#f0dygufvdkufyg
csuEf iS hf tkyt
f rsKd ;rsKd ;ysuf t&Sut
f rsKd ;rsKd ;uGJ tusKd ; trsKd ;rsKd ;eJatmif
0#fyGJBuD; awGUBuHK&vwHUaom tcsufrsm;udk owdrloifhvSav
ownf;/
um; bk&m;omoem 'kDv&[ef; tvZD&[ef;
oDv0E&[ef;wdkYudk taumom"dyg,pdwf p0em"dyg, pdwfjzifh
'kv
D [k qdrk q
I aJ &;rI pGypf rJG o
I nf zko0gpm uryxBu;D wpfyg;
jzpfaMumif; ed,wrdpm 'd|Ed iS t
hf wl tjypfBu;D us,af Mumif; 0#f0yd guf
tusdK;quf BuD;us,faMumif;rsm;udk jyqdkvdkufaom tcsufwnf;/
ykpm ]]yk*vm"d|mef "rm"d|mefESpfyg;wGif wpfyg;yg;jzifh
tjypfpum; xdyg;ajymqdkaomolwdkYtm;}} [l&m tjypfpum;
ajymqdkrIonf-1/ yk*vm"d|mef ajymenf;
2/ "rm"d|mef ajymenf;
ESpyf g;&S\
d /

ZtpodYk

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yk * v m"d | mef a jymenf ; onf...

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2/ apmif;yg;&dyfajc pum;qif ajymenf;
ESpyf g;&S\
d /
xdEk pS yf g;vH;k onfyifvQif xdyg;vdak ompdwEf iS hf ajymqdv
k Qif
tjypfrvGwf? olwpfyg;yuudk Iwfcsvdkaom pdwf rdrdyuudk
yvTm;vdkaompdwfESifh ajymqdkjcif;iSm roifh? ESpfyu\tusdK;udk
vdkvm;aom ok'pdwfjzifh ajymqdk Edkifygrlum;0Pm&[ 0PH bmowd?
t0Pm&[ t0PH bmowd/
[la[mawmfrlaom ygVdawmfESifhnDyg\? aumif; yg\/
"r m "d | mef ajymenf ; rS m vnf ;--"rudk oufouf a&S;Iajymqdk&rnf? "rudk oufouf
a&S;I ajymqdyk u
Hk kd jynfph pHk mG jyqdt
k ?hH ory" mef av;yg;ay:atmif
ajymqdk&rnf/
or y " mef a v;yg;qd k o nf u m;
m;--1/ rdrdoEmef rjzpfao;aom tukodkvf"rudk rjzpfvm
&atmif tm;xkwfjcif;wpfyg;
2/ rdro
d Emef jzpfb;l aom tukov
kd "f rukd y,f&atmif
tm;xkwjf cif;wpfyg;

ZtpodYk

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3/ rdrdoEmef rjzpfbl;ao;aom ukodkvf"rudk jzpfap&

atmif tm;xkwfjcif;wpfyg;
4/ rdrdoEmef jzpfbl;aom ukodkvf"rudk yGg;ap&atmif
tm;xkwfjcif;wpfyg;
um; ory"mefav;yg;wnf;/
tukodkvftzdkY ESpfyg;? ukodkvftzdkY ESpfyg;/

tem*wf tukodkvfonf rdrdoEmef rjzpfao;aom

tukodkvfrnf\? twdwftukodkvf ypKyef tukodkvfpkonf rdrd
oEmef jzpfNyD;jzpfqJaom tukodkvfrnf\/
'kpkduf q,fyg;wdkYwGif rmwkCmwuuH ydwkCmwu uH
tp&Sdaom ygPmwdygwuHwpfrsKd;udk uGufjcm; jyqdk&m\? wpf
a,mufaom ow0gtm; terw*b0pkwGif w&m;udkodaom
b0um; tvGefenf;yg;\? rodaom b0om tvGefrsm;jym;\?
ygPmwdygwrIrnfonf w&m;udk rodaom wpfcw
k pfcak om b0rSm
yif toacFs toacFs ra&wGufEdkifatmifjzpfEdkif\/
xd k Y a Mumif h wpf a ,muf a om ol \ oE m ef r S m t0D p d o d k Y
csEikd af om ygPmwdygwuHa[mif; ode;f aomif; uka#ru &Sad e\?
xdt
k wl oCFm#i&JBu;D csEikd af om ygPmwdygw uHa[mif; ode;f
aomif;uka#ru &Sdae\? ponfjzifh odav/
,ckb0 i,fpOftcgup jzpfaeaom ygPm-wdygw
uHpkum; xif&Sm;NyD? tcsKdUaomol jzpfNyD; uHa[mif;pkom &Sd\?

ZtpodYk

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tcsKdUaomol jzpfNyD;jzpfqJ ESpfyg;yif&Sd\/

um; OyEuHpkwnf;/

tMuifrQavmuf rdrdoEmef oum,'d|d 0dpdudpm ESpfyg;

onf &Sdae\? xdkrQavmufaom b0tqufquf umvywfvkH;
rmwkCmwu ydwkCmwu tp&Sdaom ygPmwdygwuHrsKd;onf
jzpfvdrfhtkH;rnf rkcswnf;? ig b,fuHwpfpkum; jzpfcGifhNidrf;NyD[k
qdk&efwpfckrQ r&Sdao;av/
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uHenf; odav/

tukodkvf tzdkYESpfyg;jzpf\? xdktzdkYESpfyg;wdkY\ acgif;pD;

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xifjrifpGJNrJrI wif;vif;&SdaeorQ b0oHo&mumvywfvkH; jyqdkcJh
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r&Su
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tMuiftcg igig[kpGJvrf;rI csKyfaysmuf\? xdktcg xdk

'kp u
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Ykd nfvnf; tukev
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qdkayownf;/
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&Sdonf? aemufaemufaeY aemufaemufv aemufaemufESpf
aemufaemufb0 tqufqufwYkd rcRwjf yKvwUH aom 'kp u
kd o
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teEwdkYudkvnf; bk&m;omoemwGif; BuHKBudKufaomtcgrS
wpfcgwnf; rsdK;jywf aiGUkHrQ aemifraiGUvm&atmif jyKEdkifaom
tcGifh &Sdonf/
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k jYkd yKEikd af om tayguftvrf; uG,af ysmuf oGm;onf
udk omoemuG,fonf ac:onf? rdrdonfvnf; ,ckaeYao
omoemr&S&d mb0odaYk &muf oGm;vQif rdrrd mS ,ckaeYyif omoem
uG,v
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raorDaeY&uftwGi;f rdrEd v
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0dyemw&m; tm;xkwrf u
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kd Ef pS zf Ykd ory" mefw&m;ESpyf g;
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ZtpodYk

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ukov
kd f tzdEYk pS yf g;qdo
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zdYk tEkyE t
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ZtpodYk

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twonmrsm;ukd wGef;cGg emrfkyfodkY t[kwfaygufatmif

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tEkyE q
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ygPmwdygwm a0&rPd odum yk'w
f pfcu
k dk OyrmESiw
hf uG
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ZtpodYk

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,ckb0 ajrvQdK;rdk;ysH psmef& tbdnmOf& wdkif;ausmf

jynfausmf olawmfaumif;BuD; aemufaemufb0 "m;jyolcdk;
rkq;kd wHig i&Jw&d pmef Nyw
d m tok&um,f tyg,fbo
Hk m; odjYk zpf
vmcJMh uonf/
,ckb0 bk&m;omoemESihf awGUBuKMH uaom tcgrSm vnf;
tcgtcGifhukd rodMurl xdkw'*FoDv wpfeyfpm oDvESifhyif
tm;&NyD;pD;MujyefonfSdaomf aemufaemufb0 "m;jyolcdk;
rkqdk;wHig i&Jwd&pmef Nydwm tok&um,f tyg,fbkHom;jzpf
epfNrJarsmNrJ wvJvJyif SdMuacsrnf/
w'*FoDvrsdK;onf bk&m;omoemSdaomtcgaomf
vnf;aumif; rSdaomtcgaomfvnf;aumif; urmESifhajrpm
qdb
k o
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d Qif w'*Fov
D Sad wmhonf? bk&m;yGi&hf m r[kwf
aom pMu0VmteErmS vnf; Sad wmhonf? xdu
k rm xdpk Mu0VmwdYk
vlSdMu\? ewfSdMu\? jA[mSdMu\? xdkvlxdkewf xdkjA[mwdkYonf
w'*FoDvSdMu vltjzpf ewftjzpfodkY a&mufMuukefonf/
xd k Y a Mumif h xd k w '*F o D v rsd K ;rnf o nf jrwf p G m bk & m;\
omoemawmftppfr[kwf? orkap'oDvonfomvQif jrwfpGm
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Oyrmum;...
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ZtpodYk

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63

rawGUbl; rBuKH b;l &aom 0dZm r,aq;0g;ynm tm,ko'd d "eod'd

rsdK;ukd &wwf\? rvdrmolwpfa,mufonf xdkuJhodkYaom 0dZm"dk&f
ukad wGU oifbmukd tvdk o
dS enf;[k ar;ay&m Zmwd0*F aq;enf;
ukd tvdkSdygonf[k qdkav\? Zmwd0*Faq;enf;ukd ay; oGm;
av\? avmu b,ftcg rqdk tdrfwdkif;rSmSdMuaom Zmwd0*F
aq;enf;wpfck &vdkuf\ qdkbdouJhodkYvnf;aumif;/
awmifov
l rl u
kd w
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tvdkSdovJ igodMum;rif;jzpfonf tvdkSd&mukd ay;rnfqdkay&m
wpfcsuEf pS cf sucf wfvQif rD;&aom rD;cwfaumif;aumif; tvdk ydS g
onfqdk\? oltvdkSd&mukd ay; oGm;av\? b,ftcgrqdk
vlwikd ;f rSmSMd uaom rD;cwfi,fwpfck &vdu
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aumif;/
tif ; 0rif ; wpf a ,muf o nf atmif y if v ,f t &yf o d k Y
awmupm;xGuaf v&m aumif;uifrS usa&mufvmaom 0dZm "d&k Ef iS hf
awGU&m oifrif;BuD; bmukdtvdkSdovJ ar;ay&m ewforD;ESifh
awGU&aomaq;ukd tvdkSdygonfqdk xdkuJhodkYaom aq;ukday;
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f pfcgrQawGU&\? wpfBurd f
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&aomtcgrSmyif urmwdkif; pMu0Vmwdkif;rSm ajrZmjrufuJhodkY
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ZtpodYk

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wdkYonf xdkOyrmrsm;ESifh tvm;wl ukef\/

um; w'*FoDv\ tjcif;t&mwnf;/

ork a p ' oD v qd k o nf u m;...

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tcg r*fudptjzpfodkYa&mufatmif BuD;yGm;\? xdktcgrSp
xdkygPmwdygwm a0&rPdodumyk'fonf xdkyk*dKvfoEmefrSm
tpOfxm0& tNrJwnfav\? tyg,f wHcgtNyD;ydwf\? xdkyk*dKvf
onf b0tqufqufwdkY tvZDtjzpf 'kDvtjzpfodkY rjyefNyD?
b0tqufquf xm0&vZD xm0&oDv0E ZmwdvZD Zmwdov
D
0E jzpf av\? 'jrolc;kd rkq;kd wHig i&Jw&d pmef Nyw
d m tok&um,f
tjzpfokdY jyefepfjcif; rSdNyD/
um; orkap'\tjcif;t&mwnf;/

orkap'oDvonfum; bk&m;yGifhaomtcgrS ay:\?

oAnKb&k m;wd\
Yk omoemtppfjzpf\? bk&m; omoemtppfjzpf
bk&m;omoemawmfwiG ;f vltjzpf &Sit
f jzpf &[ef;tjzpfudk &Mu
aomolwdkYrSm orkap'oDvudkom tm;us&m\? urmYwefqm
wpfeyfpm w'*FrQEiS Yf tm;&rae&m? tb,faMumifeY nf;[lrl uka#
ud;k axmifausmf ta&twGu&f adS om ygwdarmuo0H &oDv Bu;D yif
jzpfaomfvnf; orkap'tjzpfokdY a&mufatmif rBuD;yGg;yJ w'*F
tjzpfrQ wnfaecJo
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aemufaeY aemufv aemufaemufb0 'jrolc;kd rkq;kd wHig tyg,f
bHkom; jzpfMupNrJ trsm;eJtwdkif;yif &Sdao;aomaMumifYwnf;/

ZtpodYk

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xdkaMumifh ,ckb0 rdrdoEmef aqmufwnfapmifhxdef;Mu

ojzifY OyEjzpfaeaom xdkygPmwdygwm a0&rPd odumyk'f
awmfudk w'*F wpfeyfpmtaerQESifh rNyD;Muapukef rl tvZD
'kv
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f jzpfow
Ykd ikd af &muf Bu;D yGg;
atmif tm;xkwfMuukef&monf/
,ckapmifYxdef;aeMuaom t'dEm'gema0&mrPd tp&Sd
aom *[|oDvodumyk'fawmfpk uka#udk;axmifausmfrQaom
OyorEoDv odumyk'fawmfpkwdkYvnf; jyqdkcJYNyD;aom ygPwd
ygwm a0&rPdodumyk'fwpfckuJYodkY w'*Fpcef; orkap'pcef;
ESpfyg;ESpfyg;pD &SdMuonfudk odtyf\/
ukodkvf OyEtzdkYudk jyqdkcef;NyD;\/

,ckumv jzpfajrmufatmif rvkyfEkdifMu tEkyE

[k q d k t yf a om orm"d y nmES p f & yf ...
ow0gwdkY\ pdwfoEmefrSm tpOfxm0& aomif;usef;
aeaom eD 0 &Pw&m;ig;yg;onf & S d \ ? omoemawmf w G i f ;
vlaumif; &Sifaumif; &[ef;aumif;tjzpfudk&Mu w&m;awmf
rsm;udk tzefzef awGYjrif Mum;em Mu&ojzifY tedp 'ku tew
xifrjI rifrI yGg;rsm;rIonf taumif;qk;H tjrwf qk;H vd&k if;tcsKy[
f k
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txGwftxdyfxm; a[mdk; ajymkd;tpOf&Sdonftwdkif; a[m
MuajymMu\? odkYaomfvnf; pdwfoEmefwGif tpOfxm0& aomif;
use;f aeaom xdk eD0&Pw&m; ig;yg;wdu
Yk kd ESrd ef if;jcif;iSm rwwf

ZtpodYk

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EdkifMuonfjzpf rdrdwdkYpdwfudk tedp&Sd&m 'ku&Sd&m tew&Sd&modkY

OD;vSnfYatmif yJYjyif r&MuojzifY "ruxdu yk*dKvfwdkYonfyif
xdktedp 'ku tew bm0emrsm;ESifY uGma0;vsuf aeMuukef\/
xdkeD0&Pw&m; ig;yg;udk orm"dtvkyfESifY ESifxkwf ESdrfeif;
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yJhjyifEdkifavownf;/

xdkYaMumifh--
pdwfoEmef tpOfxm0& aomif;usef; aeaom
xdkeD0&Pw&m;wdkYudk EdSrfeif;jcif;iSm uodkPf;tokb
tEkwd tmkHwdkYwGif xifEdk;&mwpfckckaom tmkH
txiftjrif& Nird o
f ufciG &hf atmif yGg;rsm; tm;xkwf
rIudk orm"dqdkonf/

cEmig;yg; kyfemrfw&m;wdkYudk odrf;qnf; vuPm

a&;xifjrifatmif yGg;rsm;tm;xkwrf u
I kd ynmqdo
k nf/
xkdorm"dESpfyg;onfvnf; bk&m;omoem&Sdcdkufom
&Sad vonf? xko
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'kp u
dk w
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wzGzG ajymqd
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wPSmwdkYudk owfrIaywnf;/
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vnf; w'*F wpfcPom jzpfEdkifMuonf? ZmwdvZD ZmwdoDv0E
rjzpfEikd Mf u? ,ckb0 oDv0E aemufb0 trduv
kd nf; owfvwUH

ZtpodYk

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tbudkvnf; owfvwHU &[Emudkvnf; owfvwHU rdpm'd|dudk

vnf; ,lvwUH tvZw
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aMumifh xdkokdYaom tvZDtrsdK;tkd; 'kDvtrsdK;tdk;rS uRwf
vGw
f ZmwdvZrD sKd ; Zmwdov
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rdrdoEmef rjzpfMubl;ao;aom xdkorm"d ukokdvf ynmukokdvf
w&m;rsm;ukd bk&m;omoemawmfESifY awGUBuHKcdkuf tm;pkdufMu
uke&f monf/
um; tEkyEukokdvf tzkdYwnf;/
wGif ory"mef av;yg;\ tcsuft&mukd
vlomrefwdkYyif jrifEdkifodEdkif&ef a0zefjcm;em;
jyqd k c ef ; NyD ; \/

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ajymyH k u m;...
tvZD 'kDv yk*dKvfukdjrifcJYaomfvnf;aumif;? Mum;cJY
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D "rudk
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ZtpodYk

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"r u k d x d y g;yH k u m;...

avmbw&m;rnf o nf tS u f r S d p G puf q k y f z G , f S d p G
,kwfrmpG npfnrf;pG Murf;wrf;pG qdk;0g;pGarSmufrSm;pG
avmuvnf; SufzG,faumif;pG aemufb0vnf; tyg,fodkY
ypfcsvwHU ponfjzifY jrifEdkiforQ tjypfudk xdktvZD"r 'kDv
"rtay: wifxdyg; ajymqdk&rnf/
1/
xdkokdY ajymqdkNyD;aemuf rdrdoEmefokdY a&mufap
&rnf? igvnf;tyg,foYdk ypfcs&efaS;aS;b0 teEwYkd jyKcaYJ om
'kp& w
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kd yf gvsuf
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xdk'kp&dw tvZD"r 'kDv"rwdkY twGuf ig tyg,f0efav;vS
acsao;\[k OyEtukokdvf tzdkYukdvnf; qifjcifrdap&rnf/
2/
xdkolrSmvnf; avmb a'go arm[ wdkufwGef;
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avmb a'go arm[wdEYk iS w
Yf uG oum,'d|d [laom 'kp u
kd t
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'kpdkufrsdK;BuD; tvZDtdk;BuD; tvZDrsdK;BuD; 'kDvtdk;BuD;
'kDvrsdK;BuD; Sdaeonfh twGufaMumifY xdktvZDrI 'kDvrIukd
jyKSm&onf? avmb a'go arm[ oum,'d|dwdkYtwwf jzpf
acsonf? igvnf; xdkw&m;wdkYonf &ifESifhtjynfh 0rf;ESifYtjynfY
Sad csuek \
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k v
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igh&ifwGif; igh0rf;wGif;Sd oum,'d|d 'kpdkuf tdk;BuD; tcdk;wHcGef

ZtpodYk

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69

xGufojzifY eufjzefobuf aemuf&uf aemufv aemufaemuf

b0wdkY tvZD'kDv wvJvJ jzpfNrJjzpfjyef&vwHU trdudkvnf;
igowfvwHU tbukdvnf; igowfvwHU[k tEkyEtukokdvf
tzdkYukdvnf; qifjcifrd ap&rnf/
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'kDvjzpfjyef&onfum; oDv0E jzpfpOftcg w'*F wpfcP
wpfeyfpm oDvrQESifYaecJY xdkoDvukd orkap'pcef;okdYwdkif
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w'*FwpfeyfpmoDv uG,af ysmufjyef 'kv
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,ck igapmifx
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w'*Fpcef;rSmyif Sdacsao;onf? ,ckvkd w'*FukokdvfrQESifY
tm;&igaeacsvQif rsufvSnfYonf w'*F ighoDvonf onfaeY
vm; eufjzefvm; aemuf&uf aemufv aemufb0vm; vGifYyg;
uG,fqHk;acsOD;rnf orkap'pcef;okdY qdkufa&mufBuD;yGm; atmif
igtm;xkwfOD;rS oifYacsrnf[k OyEukokdvftzdkYukdvnf; qifjcifrd
ap&rnf/
4/
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rxkwfcJYvQif oum,'d|d 'kpdkuftdk;BuD; SdNrJSdaeonfYtwGuf
eufjzefvm; obufvm; aemuf&uf aemufv aemufaemufb0

ZtpodYk

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vm; xdkoluJokdY 'kDvtjzpfokdY a&muf&acsOD;rnf[k tEkyE

ukokdvftzdkYukdvnf; qifjcifrdap&rnf/
okdY qifjcifygrlum; xdktcg ory"mefw&m; av;yg;ukd
wpfpdwftm;jzifY yGm;rsm;aeonfrnf\/

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b,tpk jzpfonfudk jrifojzifY BuD;pGmaom owdoHa0* w&m;
wnfvdrfYrnf? bm0emw&m;rsm;ukd tm;xkwfrI nGwfaompdwf
jzpfvmvdrrYf nf? olwpfyg;Sad om tjypf a'go tm'De0udk awGUjrif
Mum;od&aomtcg xdktjypfa'go tm'De0ukd rdrdudk,fokdY
aqmifojzifh rdrdudk,frSm Sdaeaom tjypfa'go tm'De0rsdK;pk
tukefay:vm rdrdudk,ftwGuf BuD;pGmaom oHa0*w&m;
jzpfyGm;rIonfum; bk&m;tavmif; tpSdaom ynmSdwdkY\
vrf;aMumif;aywnf;/
xd k p um;rS e f \...
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tjypfa'go tm'De0wdkYudk rdrdudk,fokdYaqmif igvnf; xdkolvkd
tdkjcif;w&m;Sdacsonf emjcif;w&m; Sdacsonf aojcif;w&m;
Sad csonf igvnf; xdo
k w
l v
Ykd kd tdrk sKd ; tdk ;kd jzpfacsonf emrsKd ; emd;k
jzpfacsonf aorsdK; aodk;jzpfacsonf[k BuD;pGmaom oHa0*
jzpfawmfrlMu awmxGufawmfrlMuukefonf/

ZtpodYk

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71

Sio
f m&dyw
k & m\ nDti,fq;kH jzpfaom Siaf &0wudk ckepfEpS f
t&G,f oli,fjzpfpOftcg rdbaqGrsdK;wdkYu &[ef;jyKrnfukd
pkd;&drfMu C&m0go zGJUaESmifrIukd jyKMu&m r*FvmvufzGJUyGJ
toufBu;D olwu
Ykd dk uefawmYapaomtcg oli,fonf tbd;k tdk
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xH;k pHo
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onfSdaomf BuD;pGmaom oHa0*udk& awmxGufav\/
okdYvQif olwpfyg;ukd jrifvQif rdrdudk,fSdaom tjypf
a'go tm'De0wdkYudk trSwfjyK xdwfvefYjcif; oHa0*ukdjzpf
ap&jcif;onf ynmSdwdkY\ vrf;dk;vrf;pOf jzpfownf;/
um; tvZD 'kDvyk*dKvfwdkYukd jrif&Mum;&aom tcg
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jzpfyGm;aomenf;vrf;udk jyqdkaom tcsufwnf;/

"r m "d | mef w pf e nf ; rS m ...

xdkyk*dKvfudkyif xkwfazmf ajymaomfvnf; t|uxm
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vefzY ,
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arG;ordcifjrifvQif &ifbwfudkcwfwD; [l;&D; [l;&m; ajy;oGm;
aumuf,l rpifudkom pufqkyfjiLpl pifjzL atmifaq;avQmf
okwfypf om;cspfudk ydkufayGU erf;IHUavonf? rpifvl;vJ rpifwHk;

ZtpodYk

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72

ukdpm;cJ wpfudk,fvHk; twGif;tjyifpGJ odrf;qJaumuf,lbdkY&m

raumif;aomfvnf; om;ukd cspfcifMuifemjcif;rysuf om;yg
rypfvdkuf&ufbJ om;vl;vJaeaom rpifukdom GHSmpufqkyf
jcpfjcKyfaq;avQmfypfavonf/
xdkenf;wlpGm wHigrkqdk; olcdk;'jr qdk;0g;,kwfrmvSaom
vlukdjzpfap rw&m;rIukd rsm;pGmjyKusifYaeaom &[ef; omraP
udjk zpfap jrif&avvQif igwdrYk sKd ;EG,f rdwaf qGukd t"rwnf;[laom
rpifawGvl;vJ t"rypnf; wnf;[laom rpifwHk; rpifcJwdkYukd
pm;cJaeSmygonfwum;[k yk*Kd vu
f kd oem;cspcf ifMuifem t"r
tvZD trIukdom tjypfSm pGrf;EdkifygvQif pifMu,fatmif
okwfoifajym a[mqHk;r rpGrf;EdkifvQif rpifwGif;rSm uRHepfao
aom om;udkoem;vsufyif vspfvsLI&aomtrduJYokdY xdkajym
a[mqHk;r okwfoif &EdkifzG,frSdaom tvZD 'kDv yk*dKvfudk
tmkHrjyK vspfvsLIaomfvnf;aumif;? ESvHk;rom 0dy#dom&
a'gre tmCmw pdwq
f ;kd &efjiKd ;rxm; ygy *&[Dtm;jzifY t"r
tvZD 'kDvtrIrsm;ukdom xdyg;jypf wifaomfvnf;aumif;
ajymqdkjcif; ESvHk;oGif;jcif;onfvnf; rdrdudk,frSm raumif;rItjypf
uif;pifaom "rm"d|mefrsdK;aywnf;/
okdYpaomtm;jzifh "rm"d|mef ajymqdkenf;um; rsm;jym;vSygay\/

q|rykpmtajzNyD;\/
---------

ZtpodYk

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owr ykpmtajz
7/

tvZDyk*dKvfonf oHo&mab;udkaMumuf "r

oHa0*&ojzifh vZDolawmfaumif;tjzpfodkY a&muf
vdkaomtcg rnfuJhodkYaom trlt&mjzifh vZDol
awmfaumif; jzpfEdkifrnftaMumif;udkvnf; odvdkyg
onf/
[laom owrykpm-

vZ D o nf - 1/ w'*FvZD
2/ ZmwdvZD
[lESpfyg;&Sdonf? tvZD\ vZDtjzpfodkY a&mufjcif;
onfvnf;1/ w'*Ftm;jzifYa&mufjcif;
2/ orkap'tm;jzifYa&mufjcif;
[lESpyf g;&So
d nf/
xd k E S p f y g;wG i f w'*F t m;jzif Y vZ D t jzpf o d k Y a &muf j cif ; ud k
yxrykpmtajzrSm jyqdkcJhNyD/ orkap'tm;jzifh vZDtjzpfodkY a&muf
jcif;udk q|rykpmtajzrSm jyqdkcJYNyD/

vd k & if ; um;...

w'*Ftm;jzifY vZDtjzpfodkY a&mufjcif;rSm pdwuP

ESifhpyf\? ynwfawmfudk odaom pdwfESifY odumyk'f
awmfudk vGeu
f sL;qJtcg tvZjD zpf\? xdt
k mywfukd

ZtpodYk

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aq;aMum okwo
f ifvakd om vZ"D rpw
d f jzpfvmaom
tcg vZDjzpf\/

orkap'tm;jzifY vZDtjzpfodkY ajymif;jcif;rSm igig

[laom oum,'d|dudk t<uif;rJY y,fjzwfrS Zmwd
vZDtjzpfodkY a&mufonf/
ykpm vZDolawmfaumif;[laom pum;vnf; vZDrSm
um,'Gg& 0pD'Gg& ESpf'Gg& pifMu,fvQif vZDjzpf\? olawmf
aumif;rSm raem'Gg&pifMu,frS olawmfaumif; jzpfEdkifonf?
vZDjzpfumrQESifY olawmfaumif; r[kwfao;/
tcsufudkvnf; vuPmtoD;oD;ESifYwuG 'kwd, ykpm
wwd,ykpmtajzrSmjyqdkcJYNyD/

vd k & if ; um;..
um;...
]]raem'Gga& tmywdemr ewd}}[laom t|uxmygXf
ES i f Y t nD 0d e nf ; ynwf a wmf r nf o nf tvG e f k e f Y & if ; vS a om
um,uHrI 0pDurH w
I Ykd om ynwfaomt&m jzpfonf? raemuHru
I kd
ynwfaomt&mr&Sd/
xdak MumifY 0denf;udo
k mod 0denf;udo
k m tav; *kjyKaom
olonf um,uH 0pDupH ifMu,f\? vZjD zpf\? 0denf;ynwfawmfrS
tvGwfjzpfaom ygy"r 'kp&dw"rrsdK;um; tvGefrsm;ao;\?
]]uwnL uwa0'D "Da&m}} tp&Sdonfjzifh a&S;jyqdkcJYNyD;aom
okweftvm olawmfaumif; vuPmESifhjynfhpkHrS olawmfaumif;
jzpfonf/
owrykpmtajz NyD;\/

ZtpodYk

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t|rykpmtajz
0denf;oufoufudk ar;aom 'Gg'orykpm aw&or ykpmrsm;udk
ae&m oGif;ajzqdktHY/

1/

*[|jzpfol vlwdkY\ 0denf;usrf;*efrsm;udk oifMum;

jcif;onf ]]0dead ,mp okou
d ad wm}} a[mawmfral om
a'oemawmfESifY nDrnDrsm;ukd tusdK;tjypf 0wK
oufaoESifYwuG odvdkyg onf/
[laomykpm]]0dea,mp okodudawm}}[laom r*Fvm a'oem awmf\
t"dyg,fum; *[|jzpfaomvlonf oyK&dot*Fg oyK&do
vuPmESiYf aumif;pGmjynfpY
Hk vloal wmfaumif;tjzpf wnfjcif;
iSm vlwdkYusifYtyfaom tm*g&d, 0denf;w&m;udk aumif;pGm usifh
tyf\? &[ef;jzpfaomolonf vZt
D *Fg oDv0Et*Fg oyK&o
d t*Fg
vuPmwdkYESifY aumif;pGmjynfYpkH vZDoDv0E oyK&do &[ef;
aumif;tjzpfwnfjcif;iSm &[ef;wdkYusifYtyfaom tem*g&d,
0denf;w&m;ukd aumif;pGmusifhtyf\/
okdYvljzpfol &[ef;jzpfolwdkY\ toD;oD; rdrdwdkY qdkif&m
qdkif&m 0denf;w&m;wdkYukd tusdK;tayguf tajymuf tMum;
tNidtpGef; tnpftEGrf; rSdap&? aumif;pGmusifYMujcif;onf
ypKyefoHo&m csrf;ompD;yGm; rsm;&mrsm;aMumif; aumif;jrwfaom
r*FvmBuD;wpfyg;jzpf onf[k qdkvdkonf/
&[ef;wdkY 0denf;usrf;*efrsm;ukd vlwdkYoifMum;jcif;ukd qdkvdk&if;
r[kwfay/

ZtpodYk

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xd k a Mumif Y o k w e d y gwf t |uxm...

0d e a,memr tm*g&d , 0d e a,mp tem*g&d ,
0dea,mp/ ww tm*g&d, 0dea,memr 'o tukov
uryx0d&rPH? aom ww toHudavomyZaeep
tmpm&*kP0waeep okodudawm a[mwd/
tem*g&d,0dea,memr owmywduaE temyZeH?
aom yd 0kwea,ae0 okodudawm pwkyg&dok'doDvH
0g 0dea,m/ aom ,xm ww ywd|m, t&[wH
ygykPmwd/ {0H oduaEe okodudawm/
[l ]]0dea,mp okodudawm}}r*FvmtzGifYrSm qdkayonf/
0dea,memr=0denf;rnfonfum;? tm*g&d, 0dea,mp=
*[|jzpf o l td r f a evl w d k Y \ 0d e nf ; vnf ; wpf y g;? tem*g&d ,
0dea,mp=tdrf\tpD;tyGm;ESifhrpyfaom &[ef;awmfjrwfwdkY\
0denf;vnf;wpfyg;? ww=xdEk pS yf g;wdw
Yk iG ?f tm*g&d, 0dea,memr=
*[|jzpfol tdrfaevlwdkY\ 0denf;rnfonfum;? 'o tukov
uryx0d&rPH='kp u
kd q
f ,fyg;[kqt
kd yfaom tukov
dk f uryx
w&m; q,fyg;wdkYrS aSmifMuOfjcif;aywnf;? aom=xdktm*g&d,
0denf;ukd? ww=xdk'kpdkufq,fyg;[k qdktyfaom tukokdvf
uryxw&m; q,fyg;wdkYrS aSmifMuOfjcif;trI? toHudavomyZaeep=npfEGrf;jcif;okdY ra&mufaomtm;jzifYvnf;aumif;?
tmpm&*kP0waeep=tmpm&*kPf aumif;pGm wnfaomtm;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? okodudawm=aumif;pGm usifYtyf\/

ZtpodYk

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tem*g&d, 0dea,memr=&[ef;awmfjrwfwdkY\ 0denf;

rnfonfum;? owmywduaE=0denf;ynwf tmywfckepfykHwdkYukd?
temyZeH=rvGefusL;jcif;aywnf;? aomyd=xdktem*g&d, 0denf;
uk d v nf ; ? 0k w e a,ae0=rnpf r EG r f ; apjcif ; tmpm&*k P f
aumif;pGmwnfjcif;wnf;[laom qdkcJYNyD;aom enf;jzifYomvQif?
okodudawm=aumif;pGmusifYtyf\? 0g=wpfenf;um;? pwkyg&d
ok'doDvH=pwkyg&dok'doDvonf? 0dea,m=0denf;rnf\? aom=
xdkpwkyg&d ok'doDv [kqdktyfaom0denf;ukd? ww=xdk 0denf;?
ywd|m,=wnf? ,xm=tMuiftjcif;t&mtm;jzifY? oduaEm=
usio
Yf nfadS omf? t&[w=H t&[wzv
kd o
f ?Ydk ygykPmwd=a&muf\?
{0Hwxm=xdkt&[wzdkvfokdY ,ckb0 qdkufa&mufavmuf
atmifaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifY? oduaEe=usifYojzifY? ok
odudawm=aumif;pGmusifYtyf\/
okdYvmaom t|uxmudkaxmuf vl&[ef;wdkYtm;
toD;toD; rdrdwdkYqdkif&m 0denf;ukd aumif;pGm usifYMuonfukd
omvQif ]]0dea,mp okou
d ad wm}}qdo
k nf? &[ef;wd\
Yk 0denf;usr;f
udk vlwdkYoifMum;onfudk qdkvdk&if; r[kwf? ]]okodudawm}}
[laomyk'frSmvnf;]]aumif;pGm oifMum;tyf\}}[laom teufudk
qdkvkd&if;r[kwf? ]]aumif;pGmusifYtyf\}}[laom teufudkom
qdkvkd&if;wnf;? ]]aumif; pGmusifhtyf\}} qdkojzifY]]aumif;pGmoif
Mum;tyf\}} [laom teufonf tvdkvdkNyD;pD;\/
aumif;pGm rusifYyJ oifMum;umrwESifY okodudw rjzpfay/

ZtpodYk

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r*FvmvlwdkYrSm tukov uryxw&m; q,fyg;ukd

aSmifMuOf ukovuryxw&m; q,fyg; aumif;pGm usijYf cif;ukd
qdo
k wnf;/ aumif;pGmusijYf cif; t&ukv
d nf; ]]ww toHuad vom
yZaee tmpm&*kP 0waee}} [k ESpfcsufjyqdkay\? xdkESpfcsuf
wdkYwGif ]]ww toHudavom-yZaee}} yk'f\ t"dyg,fudk
'oedygwf t*FkwdK&fygVdawmfjrwfudkrSD odtyf\/
a[mawmf r l a om a'oemawmf u m;...
tw e mp ygPmwd y gwD a[mwd / ya&p ww
orm'aywd/ ygPmwdygw p 0P0g'D a[mwd?
wwp orEkanm a[mwd/
ygPmwdygw odumyk'fysufrI npfEGrf;rIav;yg;/

twemp=rdrdonfvnf;? ygPmwdygwD=olUtoufudk
owfjcif;trISdonf? a[mwd=jzpf\? ya&p=olwpfyg;wdkYudkvnf;?
ww=xdkygPmwdygwrI? orm'aywd=apcdkif;wdkufwGef; jyTef;
Ekd;aqmf\? ygPmwdygwp=ygPmwd-ygwrI\vnf;? 0P0g'D=
aus;Zl;udkajymqdkjcif;Sdonf? a[mwd=jzpf\? wwp=xdkygPmwd
ygwrIvnf;? orEkanm=qEoabm a&maESmMunfjzL oabm
onf? a[mwd=jzpf\/
xdkav;yg;wGif aSUESpfyg;xifSm;NyD/

---0---

ZtpodYk

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]]0P 0 g'D } }qd k o nf u m;...

wHigvkyf b,fol ypnf;Opmcsrf;omonf 0ufarG;
b,fol ypnf;Opmcsrf;omonf tpSdonfjzifY csD;rGrf;jcif;wnf;?
xdkokdY csD;rGrf;ajymqdkjcif;onf xdkodumyk'fysufjcif; npfEGrf;jcif;
ESpfyg;ESifYqdkif\? rdrdcsD;rGrf;oHukd Mum;&olwdkYonf wHigtvkyf
0ufonftvkyfukd vkyfMuvdrfhrnf[k &nfoef csD;rGrf;&m xdk
olwv
Ykd yk jf zpfMuvwUH ? jzpfcv
YJ Qif cs;D rGr;f olrmS ygPmwdygw uryx
ajrmuf\? odumyk'fysuf\? r&nfroefrl omrn csD;rGrf;cJYvQif
xdo
k l wdv
Yk yk jf zpfMuonfjzpfap rvkyjf zpfMuonfjzpfap odum yk'f
npfEGrf;rIomjzpf\? &nfoef&mvnf; xdkolwdkY rvkyfjzpfMuvQif
csD;rGrf;olrSm odumyk'f npfEGrf;kHomSd\/
]]ww p orEk a nm}}qd k o nf u m;...
rnfonfo
h cl ;kd rnfonf'h jrukd tpk;d &zrf; pufwifNyD Mum;
vQif tm;&ESpv
f kd jdS cif; rnfonfah wmrSmSad om qifq;kd udk usm;qd;k
ukd rnfonfhvrf;teD;Sdaeaom a>rqdk;ukd uif;qdk;ukd rnfol
owfavNyD Mum; tm;&0rf;om Sdjcif; rdrd&efol rdrd rkef;aomol
rnfonfYtema&m*gESifY aoSmNyDqdkvQif ESpfvdkjcif; t,kwfqHk;
tm;jzifY rdrdudkESdyfpufaom rSuf jcif oef; Murf;ydk; aoqHk;uG,f
aysmufru
I kd ESpv
f jkd cif;ponfrsm;onf orEkn rnf\? odum yk'
f ;dI
EGrf;\? xdktwl trJom;ig; BudKufwwfaomolwdkYonf owfrI
aorIES iS Yf tom;rGejf rwfaom a&ow0g uke;f ow0g [if;vsmpum;
om;ig;pum;ukd Mum;od&vQif 0rf;ajrmufwwfukef\? orEk n
yifwnf;/

ZtpodYk

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vSLvdk'gef;vdk 0rf;ajrmufygonfqdkjim;tHY? qifjcifzG,f

Sad o;\? okr*Fv 'kr*FvrIwYkd om;ig;uko
d wf auR;arG;&mwdYk
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om pm;aomufrIwdkYvnf; qifjcifav? okr*Fv
'kr*Fv udp adS omtcg auR;rI arG;rIwYkd EGm;om; uRo
J m; 0ufom;
Muufom; ig;[if; trJ[if; rygvQif &yf&Gmuvnf; rcsD;rGrf;
qGrf;auR;aomtcg &[ef;awmfq&mawmfwdkYuvnf; rMunf
omMu? okdYtrIukdajrmf oifYavsmf&molukd y&d,m,fteufjzifY
EIwfquf vufwdkY NyD;apMuukef\? rnfonfYol tvSLay;vdrfh
rnfqdkvQif [if;vsm oGif;vkdolwdkYu [if;vsmaumif; toifYESifh
ajrmfvif
h ae\? tvSLa0,sm0porm;wdu
Yk tvSLUwumpdwu
f dk
odatmifjyK wD;wD;wdk;wdk; vufwdkYajcwdkYESifY NyD;apMuukef\/
ygPmwdygw odumyk'f y&d,m,fr&[k t|uxmwdkY
qdak omaMumifY xdt
k vSLUwum a0,sm0p orm;wdYk vnf; odum yk'f
ysufjcif;? odumyk'fnpfEGrf;jcif; ygPmwdygw uryxt*Fg NidpGef;
jcif;wdkY vsOf;yg;zG,f tm;BuD;vSacs\? tvSLUSif a0,sm0p
orm;wdkY ygPmwdygw uryxw&m; NidpGef;cJYvQif &[ef;awmf
wdkYtm; O'duw rHojzpf 'd| okw y&douw[laom
wdaum#dy&dok' rSdcJYvQif tvSLr@yf0if oHCmawmfrsm; rpm;
raomufaumif;avNyD? wdaum#dy&dok' rSdyJcH pm;aomuf
bkO;f ay;rdacsvQif ]]y#d*[
aP taZsm[ma&p tmyw}d }jzpf zG,&f m
&Sdacs\/
ukokdvfjyKpOftcg uPSoku tjzLteuf a&m ,Sufaom
ukokdvfrSm aemiftusdK;ay;aomtcg tjzL teuf a&m,Suf
ay;wwfonf/

ZtpodYk

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a&m,SufyHkum;...
xdkukokdvftusdK;ay;aomb0 "eorwd abm*orwd
&d,orwdwdkYukd ay;\? xdkorwdtwGufaMumifYyif rif;
ab;ESifY ao&wwf\? cdk;ol 'jrab;ESifY ao&wwf\? rD;ab;ESifh
ao&wwf\? a&ab;ESihf ao&wwf\? temqd;k a&m*gqd;k ab;ESihf
ao&wwf\? tema&m*grsm;wwf\? ukokdvfjyKpOftcg xdkokdY
uPSoku a&m,SufrIonf aemifukokdvf tusdK;ay;aomb0
wdkY BuD;pGmaom ab;b,ESifY aoqHk;vdk ukokdvfxJrSm "g;
vufeuf tNyD;xnfYvdkufonfESifYwl\/
um; ygPmwdygw 'kp&dw\ e,fedrdwfav;csufukd
jyqdkaom pum;&yfwnf;/

e,fedrdwfav;csufwGif wpfcsufcsufESifh NidpGef; vQifyif

trItm;avsmfpGm odumyk'fysufrI Id;EGrf;rI&SdNyD? ]]0dea,mp ok
odudawm}}[laom r*FvmysufNyD/
xd k a Mumif h t |uxm...
]]ww toHudavom rZaee okodudawm}}[k zGifYqdk
ayonf/
enf ; twl...
. ..
t'dEm'gef'kpdkufrI e,fedrdwfav;csuf
umarokrdpmpm&'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
rkom0g''kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

82

ydokP0gpm'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
zko0gpm'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
oryvmy 'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
Asmyg' 'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
tbdZm'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
rdpm'd|d'kpdkuf e,fedrdwfav;csuf
wdkYudkvnf; tus,f0dwm& a[mawmfrlonf/ 'kpdkuf av;
q,fac:onf/
okdY a[mawmfrlaomtwdkif; 'kpdkufq,fyg;wdkYudk e,f
edrdwfESifYwuG uif;vGwfatmif aSmifMuOfaom olomvQif
]]0dea,mp okodudawm}}r*Fvmwnf vZD oDv0E oyK&do
jzpfownf;? tmpm&*kP 0waee okodudawm}} [laom ygXf
jzifYrlum; od*Fgavm0g'okwf a'oemawmfvmaom *d[d0de,
*[|0de, tmpm&wdkYudkvnf; oN*K[fawmfrlonf/
xdk od*Fgavm0g'okwfudkyif *d[d0de,okwfvnf;ac:onf/

om;orD;wdrYk mS rdbwdYk usi&Yf maom 0wfig;yg; rdb wdrYk mS

om;orD;wdkY usifY&maom 0wfig;yg; tpSdonfjzifY vlwdkY usifh&m
aom *d[d0denf; *[|0denf; tm*g&d, 0denf;w&m; rsm;pGm
tus,fvmonf? om;orD;jzpfaomolonf rdbwdkY jyK&maom
0wfukd aumif;pGmjyKayvQif r*Fvmwnf oyK&o
d jzpf\? aumif;pGm
rjyKcJhvQif xdkom; orD;wdkY r*Fvmysuf\? oyK&do t*Fgysuf\?
odaYk om teufukd t|uxmq&mzGijhf yawmfro
l nf? cyford ;f aom

ZtpodYk

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83

olw\
Ykd toD;toD; wwfov
d rd m aMuuke&f maom tmpm& tusihf
0wfwYkd vnf; enf;wload v? aMuukeaf omvlum; tvGe&f mS ;pG/
um; ]]0dea,mp okodudawm}}[laomr*Fvm tm*g&d,
0de,udk jyqdkcsufwnf;/

odv
Yk Qif vlwrYkd mS rdrw
d u
Ykd si&hf maom okp&dw0de, tmpm&
0de,wdkY aumif;pGm usifhaqmifrIudk ]]0dea,mp ok odudawm}}
[ka[mawmfro
l nf? &[ef;wdEYk iS o
hf mqdik af om 0denf;usr;f *efrsm;udk
vlwdkYoifMum;rIudk a[mawmfrl&if; r[kwfay/
xdkodkYyif a[mawmfrl&if; r[kwfaomfvnf; a[mawmfrl
&if;jzpfaom rdrw
d \
Ykd qdik &f m tm*g&d, 0de,rsK;d wdYk uRr;f usiv
f rd m
aumif;pGmwnfrI okou
d w
d oyK&o
d jzpfNy;D aom *[|jzpfaomol
vlynm&Sdyk*Kdvfonf &[ef;wdkYqdkif&m tem*g&d,0de,jzpfaom
0denf;usrf;*efrsm;udkvnf; oifMum;jcif;iSg oifhjrwfvSonfom
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d q
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h Ykd
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ykPm ;wpfa,mufonf &[ef;awmfwYkd 0denf;usr;f *ef tHMu
oHukd Mum;ojzifh omoemawmf o'gw&m; Bu;D pGmjzpfygG ; &[ef;jyK
bl;aom0wK t|uxmvmonf/

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

84

xdu
k o
hJ rYkd rd w
d q
Ykd ikd &f m tm*g&d,0denf; okp&dw0denf; tmpm&
0denf;wdYk vHNk cKH jynfph pkH mG tvdrm todvnf; r&S?d odorQ udrk v
S nf;
vHkNcHKpGmjyKusifhapmifhxdef;Edkifaom pdwfESvHk;vnf; r&Sdonfjzpf
oyK&dotwk toyK&dooabm tm;BuD;aom oljzpfygrlum;
&[ef;wdkYESifhqdkif&m 0denf;usrf;*efudk oifMum;cJhvQif qdkzG,ftjypf
pGef;NidzG,ftjypfom jrifacsonf? tusKd;&SdbG,fudk rjrifrdacs?
tb,fodkY qdkbG,ftjypf&Sdoenf;[lrlum; olonf 0denf;
usrf;*efudk oiftHavhusufbd\? vljzpfonfESifhtnD ]vlpOfrD&ef
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vlUtjzpfpifMu,f&ef tm*g&d,0denf;rsKd;udkrlum; wwfodvHkNcHK
jynfhpHkpifMu,fatmif tm;rxkwfOD;yJ rqDrqdkif&m tem*g&d,
0de,rsm;udk tm;xkwb
f o
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G f
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rdaomtcg tjypfav;wwfonf/
rnDrnGwfaom&[ef;udk qdkrdpGyfpGJrd&m tjypf av;ykHum;
xdq
k akd omolonf xd&k [ef;rsuEf mS udo
k m jrifwwf\? usL;vGeaf om
trIuo
kd m jrifwwf\? xd&k [ef;oEmefrlum; yg&mZdurIr&Scd v
hJ Qif
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ausmfrQaom odumyk'fwdkYonf udef;0yfwnfaevsuf&SdMuukef\?
usL;vGeaf om odum yk'rf mS yif oH0&rIomysuo
f nf? orm'gerIum;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

85

rysuf? wnfvsufyif&Sd\? xdkodkYwnf&Sdaom odumyk'fawmfwdkY\

rsufESmudkrlum; rjrifwwf? xdk&[ef;twGufESifh tjypfav;onf
r[kwf? wnf&Sdaom odumyk'fawmfwdkY\twGufESifh tjypfav;
onf/
a&S;jyqdkcJhNyD;aom apwDtdrfOyrmudk vnf;qdktyf\

"mwfawmfarGawmf udef;0yfaom apwDtdrfwGif; y&d0kPf

wGif;rSm trIdufokduf rpifwD;jyif jynfhae&m apwDtdrfrSef;
odvsuf trIu
d o
f ku
d f rpifw;D jyifwu
Ykd kd jrifonft
h wGuf o'gysu
f
jrufaompdwfjzifh xdkapwD tdrfudk vSefwHtkyfausmufwdkYjzifh
ypfcwfjcif; xdkapwDtdrfwGif; y&d0kPfwGif; zdeyfpD;jcif; xD;
aqmif;jcif;ponfudk jyKcJhjim;thH? tjypfav;onfomjzpf\? apwD
tdrt
f wGuaf Mumifh av;onfr[kw?f ude;f 0yfwnfaeaom arGawmf
"mwfawmf kyfyGg;qif;wkawmftwGufaMumifh av;avonf?
enf;twl xdyk *k K v
d t
f wGuf tjypfav;onf r[kw?f wnf&adS om
odum yk'af wmfwt
Ykd wGuf tjypfav;avonf? xdak Mumifph w
d Ef v
S ;kH
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tjypfudkom jrifrdayownf;/
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'kv
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hJ nf&adS omf oDv0E&[ef;udk pGypf o
JG nfEiS t
hf wl
oHCm'daooftmywfBu;D oifah Mumif;udk ]]toka'g a[mwd yk*a vm
tnw&H yg&mZduH ormyaEm}} tp&do
S nfjzifh a[mawmfro
l nfudk

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

86

axmuf 'kv
D ukyd if 'kv
D [k pGypf q
JG aJ &;rI tjypfav;&maom
,kwdukd a&S; qkdcJYjyD/
um; vlwkdY0denf;usrf;*efukd oifMum;&m
tusKd;tjypfukd jyqdkcsufwnf;

vlwdkY 0denf;usrf;*efudk oifMum;bl;aom 0wKouf aorSm

jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmftcgu pdwol<u,f tp&Sdaom
Oygoum ckZK w& m tp&Sad om Oygodumrwko
Yd nf 0denf;yd#uwf
ESiw
hf uG yd#uwfo;Hk yku
H dk EIwif Hk aqmif&u
G af vhusuMf uayukeo
f nf?
ayguHjynf oacFy 0Pemukd pD&ifaom &Sif qy'q&mESifhtwl
oD[kdVfrS ygvmaom t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fonf ayguHjynfrS
oD[Vdk o
f Ydk jyef<u&m rvm,kuRe;f okaYd &mufav xku
d Re;f ukd tpk;d &
aomrif;u yifhaqmifukd;uG,f&m aeYpOf eef;awmfokdY0if xkdrif;
tm; ck'o
u
d m 0denf; vufoef; t|uxmusr;f *ef ukd csyo
Ydk nf[k
ayguH&mZ0ifrSm vmonf/
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ewf&GmpH rif;w&m;BuD;vufxuf rif;w&m;BuD;\ vusfmpH rdzk&m;
acgifBuD;jzpfaom pMuma'0D rdzk&m;BuD;onf okwef yd#uwf
tbd"rmyd#uwfrsm;ukd ESUH pyfuek pf if oifMum; Munfh NI y;D onfah emuf
bduK0dbif; ygVdawmfrSp tpOftwkdif; 0denf;ig;usrf;ukd MunfhI
zwfemonf[k zwf&ol pmawmfzwfwkdY ajymqdkavQmufxm;
Mum;od&bl;onf/
t|rykpmtajzNyD;\/
-------- -------

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

87

e0r ykpmtajz
9/

yAZw
d jzpfaom &[ef;awmfwo
Ykd nf vljzpfol 'g,um
wdt
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rsm;udkvnf; tusKd;tjypf 0wKouff aoESifhwuG
odvykd gonf/
[laomykpm&[ef ; awmf r sm;onf vl j zpf o l w d k Y t m; 0d e nf ; w&m;ud k
a[mMum;tyfygonf/
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bk&m;vufxufawmf ud#m*D&drnfaom ed*krf; tvZD
wHceG f vlveG rf om;jzpfMuukeaf om tZd ykeAou
k trnf&adS om
qA*Dq&mwdkYonf ig;&mrQaom wynfhwyef; &[ef;y&dowf
ESifhwuG tm0godu &[ef;wdkYjzpfMuukef\? tvZDrIudk tqef;
tMu,fjyK&m xdo
k w
l u
Ykd kd wlEikd af omol omoem rMum;bl;&?
xdkYaMumifh tvZDwHcGef vlvGefrom; [kqdkayonf? qef;Mu,fyHkudk
0denf;awmfrSm vm&Sdonf? tb,fhaMumifh tHhMozG,f qef;Mu,f
pGmjyKEikd Mf uavoenf;[lrl xdek *d rk ;f &GmrSm vZ&D [ef; aumif;wdo
Yk nf
ausmif;uefwdkufwmESifh aebl;Muao;yHkr&? qA*DwdkYyif vufOD;
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em;rsupf 0d bl;ol vlynm&Sd enf;yg;cdu
k Bf uKH aom aMumifh olwjYkd yKusihf
csifwdkif; jyKom qef;Mu,fpGm jzpf&avonf? xdktcg xdk&GmodkY

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

88

vrf;c&D; BuHKBudKuf &[ef;aumif;wpfyg; qGrf;cH 0ifav&m

ig;&maom qA*D tvZDol&J pD;aeMuaom xdk&Gmolrsm; jrifMu
vQif qGrf;ravmif;Muonfhjyif &efoludkjrifMuouJhodkY qdkcsifwwf
wdkif;qdk vTwfMu\/
qGrf;r&yJxGufvmonfudk ynm&Sdol vlwpfOD;jrif t&Sif
qGrf;&yg\avm[k ar;ay\? r&bl;qdkavaomf udk,fawmfqGrf;
r&atmif b,folrSjyKaomtrI r[kwf? udk,fawmfwdkY&[ef;
awmf r sm; twwf y if j zpf o nf q d k rd r d t d r f o d k Y yif h a qmif
aumif;rGefpGm qGrf;auR;NyDvQif *gr0goD qA*Dq&mwdkY qef;Mu,f
pGmjyKMuaom trIrsKd;tpHkudk ukefpifatmif avQmufMum;NyD;vQif
bk & m;txH o d k Y a&muf a omtcg tuREf k y f w d k Y ud # m*D & d & G m od k Y
omoemjyK &[ef;aumif; apvTwfawmfrlygrnfhtaMumif;udk
awmif;yefvu
kd yf gonf[
l jrwfpmG bk&m;tm; avQmufMum;ygav[k
rSmqdk vTwfvdkuf\? xdk&[ef; bk&m;txHawmfodkYa&muf
avQmufxm;ay&m aemufygoHCm ig;&mESifhwuG t*om0uBuD;
ESpfyg;udk ud#m*D&d&GmodkY omoemjyK apvTwfawmfrl\/
xdk&GmodkYa&mufvQif oHCmawmfig;&mESifY t*om0u
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awmfrNl y;D vQif ud#m*D&w
d pf&mG vk;H rSm tke;f tke;f nH NzKd ;vkrQ 0denf;rd;k
&GmapawmfrlMuayukef\? xdktcgrS 0denf;udk Mum;odMuojzifY
q&mrsm;"mwfaMumawGonf aygavmBuD;ay:Mu q&mrsm;
ausmif;qDudk oDkHrQ roDMuaomaMumifY qGrf;udpoa&mcdkif;

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

89

0d k i f ; nmay;vS L ol wumrJ Y o jzif h tm;EG Y J j cif ; &S d M uaomtcgrS

omoemjyKciG &hf yAmZeD,ur0gjzifY &Gme,frcS gG &SaJ tmif o&Jxw
k f
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awmfudk Mum;od& todPf0ifvm aomtcgrS xdkwPSmjy,f
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tpGrf;owd r&Sdav/
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xdk&GmolwdkYonf omoemjyKaomtcg olwdkY q&mpum;udkom
em;0if q&mrsm; tyif;toif; jyKvyk f Muukev
f wUH ? yp,'g,um
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xdkaMumifY omoemjyKq&m t&Sifom&dykw&m t&Sifarm*vmef
trSL;&Sad om oHCmawmfig;&mwdo
Yk nf a&S;OD;pGm ud#m*D&w
d pf&mG vk;H udk
0denf;rdk;BuD; &GmapawmfrlMuayukefownf;/

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

90

rsujf rifrmS vnf; &[ef;aumif;wdYk trlt&mrsm;udk em;rsupf d

r0bl;&SmMuaom &Srf;&Gmpaom atmuftxuf t&yf&yfwdkY
aexdik Mf uaomolwo
Ykd nf yp,'g,umjzpfol vlwYkd todynmenf;
yg;avav &yfaeq&m &Gmaeq&mwdkY odumrGJavavjzpf
aeMurIonf 'd|rsufjrifyifwnf;? xdkaMumifh &[ef;awmfwdkYonf
vlwdkYtm; oifYavsmfaom 0denf;w&m;rsm;udk ajyma[mjcif;iSg
oifaY vsmv
f \
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oyK&o
d "r tm;Bu;D aomolukd ajyma[mrS avsmrf nf? oyK&o
d "r
tm;enf;aomoludk ajyma[mcJYvQif xdkolrSm 0efav;&ef tcGifY
rsm;acs\? omoemrlum; aumif;zdkY&mjzpf\? xdkolrSmom 0efav;
&ef&o
dS nf/
Oyrmum;...
wkwjf ynfrmS wkwv
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cJEiS yhf pfxw
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yg;yg; rjyK0YHNyD[k wkwfvlrsKd;wdkY ajymqdkonfudk Mum;&bl;onf/
vlwdkYu i&JcHMu&onfhtwGuf xdkwkwfbkef;BuD;wdkY om
oemrSm bmomtvdkuf bkef;BuD;aumif;BuD;csnf;jzpf ayvwHU?
vlwdkYrSmrlum; tjypf0efav;\? xdktwl ,cktcg Ak'bmom

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

91

omoemrSmvnf; vl0ed nf;wwfaygrsm; 0denf;w&m;ESirhf nDaom

&[ef;wdu
Yk kd yd;k pd;k yufpuf qd&k uf ajym&ufol aygrsm;vQif omoem
rSm aumif;bdkY&m jzpf\? qdkolajymolrSm 0efSd\? vlwdkYu 0denf;udk
od 0denf;Sdwdkif; nDnGwfatmif rusifhaom&[ef;udk vSL'gef;ol
udk;uG,fol rSdyJ aecJhrlum; omoem tvGefaumif;zdkY&m jzpf\?
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jyKMurlum; tb,ftcgrS omoemawmfxifay:BuD;&ifh *kPfoD;
&ifh xGef;wifh aumif;pm;Edkifawmhrnf r[kwfay/
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tcg jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif <uoGm; rsm;pGmaomw&m;"r
Mo0g'wdjYk zifh qk;H rawmfro
l nfukd em;raxmifMu tenf;enf;a[m
ajymjyo qkH;rawmfrlonfukd em;raxmifMu jrwfpGmbk&m;
wdik ;f wpfyg;odYk <uoGm;awmfral vNy[
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oHCmwdo
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uwdu 'PfcsKyf jyKvkyfMuaomtcg tvdkvdk aeYcsif;ncsif; rmef
us ukefMuav\/
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0guRwv
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f Rwcf si;f jrwfpmG bk&m;txHoYkd oGm;Mu t"dukP;f udk
Nidrf;apMuukef\? xdkodkY rvSLMupwrf;[laomtrIudk rjyKMuyJ
vSSLNrJ'gef;NrJ vSL'gef;udk;uG,faeMurlum; xdkt"dukPf;onf
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ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

92

odv
Yk Qif oAnKjrwfpmG bk&m;Bu;D ud,
k af wmfwikd f ajyNird ;f &m
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yp,'g,umwpfO;D jzpfol vlwn
Ykd n
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Mupwrf;jyKrS 0rf;a&;ESiu
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rsm;onf yp,'g,umjzpfol vlwdkYae&m usrusudk pGJjzpf&
onf[k qdkcGifh&Sdacsonf/
um; vl0denf;wwfaygrsm;vQif omoem txl; aumif;
jrwf&maom ,kwdudkjyqdkaomtcef;wnf;/

e0rykpmtajzNyD;\/
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'orykpm tajz
10/ pwkyg&do'k o
d v
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\ vuP &o ypKy|mef y'|mefwdkYudkom 0dok'd r*frSm tqdkvm
acsonf? toD;toD; vuP &o ypKy|mef y'|mefwdkYudk tqdk
rvm/

ZtpodYk

"r'DyeD

93

oDv omrn\ vuPmum;...

oDvevuPH oDvH 'kdvs0d'Hoe&oH
aomap,sypKy|meH [d&DMowy y'|meH/
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a0zef teuf,laomf &yg\/

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H kd zdzk &J rus&J atmif aumif;pGmxm;jcif; vuPm
&Sd\? 'kdvs0d'Hoe&oH=rzG,fr&m raumif;pGmaom udk,ftavY
EIwftavYwdkYudk zsufqD;jcif;udp&Sd\? aomap,sypKy|meH=
udk,ftrIEIwftrIwdkY\ `zlpifoefY&Sif;jcif;vQif xifaomtjcif;
t&m&Sd\? [d&DMowyy'|meH=udk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&mwdkY
twGuf tkyfysufrnfudk &SufwwfaMumufwufaom [d&D
MowyvQif eD;pGmaom vufudkiftaMumif;&Sd\/

ZtpodYk

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94

`E d , oH 0 &oD v zd k Y...
. ..
oDvH=`ED,oH0& oDvonf? oDvevuPH=puKaomw
tp&Sdaom a`Eajcmufyg;wdkYudk zkdz&J rusJ&atmif aumif;pGm
xm;jcif; vuPm&Sd\? 'kdvs 0d'Hoe&oH=puK\ vQyfay:jcif;
aomw\ vQyfay:jcif; tp&Sdaom a`Eajcmufyg;wdkY\ awm
arsmuftvm; vIyf&Sm;vQyfay: avmfvDaygYzsif; rNidrfoufjcif;
tavY tusufwdkYudk zsufqD;jcif;udp&Sd\? aomap,s ypKy|meH=
a`Eajcmufyg;wdkY\ jidrfoufMunfvif `zlpifoefY&Sif; jcif;vQif
xifaom tjcif;t&m&Sd\? [d&DMowyy'|meH=a`Eysufrnfudk
&Suw
f ufaMumufwwfaom [d&MD owy w&m;ESpyf g;vQif eD;pGmaom
vufudkiftaMumif;&Sd\/
tmZd 0 yg&d o k ' d o D v zd k Y...
. ..
oDvH=tmZD0yg&dok'd oDvonf? oDvevuPH= touf
arG;jcif;ESifYpyfaom um,uHrI 0pDuHrIwdkYudk z&dkz&J rusJ&atmif
aumif;pGmxm;jcif; vuPm&Sd\? 'kdvs-0d'Hoe&oH=awGY&mpm;
ayguf&mpm; rw&m;aom toufarG;jcif; tavYtvmwdkYudk
pGefYcGgzsufqD;jcif; udp&Sd\? aomap,sypKy|meH=toufarG;rI\
pifMu,fjcif;vQif xifaomtjcif;t&m&Sd\? [d&DMowyy'|meH=
olawmfaumif;wd\
Yk tv,f toufarG;rItwGuEf iS Yf usuo
f a&
ysurf nfukd &Suw
f ufaMumufwwfaom [d&MD owyw
&m; ESpyf g;vQif
eD;pGmaom vufudkiftaMumif;&Sd\/

ZtpodYk

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yp , oE d d w oD v zd k Y...
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oDvH=yp,oEddwoDvonf? oDvevuPH=ypnf;
av;yg;ESiphf yfaom rww
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pGefYy,fzsufqD;jcif; udp&Sd\? aomap,s ypKy|meH=ypnf;av;
oG,f cifwG,frufarmaom a*"oarm[tnpftaMu;wdkYrS
oefY&Sif;pifMu,fjcif;vQif xifaomtjcif;t&m&Sd\? [d&DMowy
y'|meH=ypnf;av;yg; cifwG,frufarmonfhtwGufESifY vlol
awmfaumif; ewfoal wmfaumif; &[ef;olawmfaumif;wdYk tv,f
tkyyf suf tqif;ysuf toa&ysurf nfukd &Suw
f wf aMumufwwf
aom [d&DMowyw&m; ESpfyg;vQif eD;pGmaom vufudkiftaMumif;
&S\
d /
odkY oDvomrn jyqdkxm;aom t|uxmpum; udk
av;yg;aom oDvwdkY\ toD;toD;aom vuP &o ypKy|mef
y'|mef jzpfavatmif a0zef odtyf\/

av;yg;aom oDvwdkYyif [d&DMowyonf y'|mef

jzpfEkdif\? tb,fhaMumifh jzpfEkdifoenf;[lrloufawmfxifmS ; jrwfpmG bk&m;Bu;D \vnf;aumif; t&d,m
oHCmawmfjrwfwdkY\vnf;aumif; 0if;0if;awmuf jzLpifaom
oDvusufoa&awmfwdkYudk aeYSdorQ udk,fawGU'd| MunfndK
odjrifaeMuukeaf om ewfwo
Ykd nf ZrK'yD guRe;f tjyifrmS ajrjyifv;Hk
tjynfh aumif;uifvHk;tjynfh ,ckSdaeMuukef\? xdkewfwdkYonf

ZtpodYk

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96

wefaqmifrkef;vwGif ntcgrSm aumif;uifjyif0,f Mu,feuwf

wdkYudk aeYpOfMunfhI&m tukeftpif aMumifaMumifjrifMuaom
aA'ifwwfyP
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hJ Ykd ,ckMdS uaom omoemxrf; &[ef;awmf
omoem awmfrsm;udk aeYaeYnn cPtpOf aMumifaMumifjrif
aeMuukef\/
omoem wpfpkHwpfa,mufaom&[ef;onf oDvav;
rsKd;wdkYwGif wpfckckEGrf;yg;rIudk jyKcJhonfSdaomf xdkewfwdkYonf
ESv;Hk rom rsuEf mS usKUH kUH ESmacgif;IUH Muuke\
f ? xdt
k cgxd&k [ef;onf
omoemapmifeh wfw\
Ykd tv,f tkyyf suaf v\? tSuu
f aJG v\?
vlwdkYvnf; twl bk&m;vufxufawmfrSmSdMuaom om0wd
jynfol &mZN*dK[f jynfol vlolawmfaumif; Oygoum Oygodum
taygif;wdkYudk aeYaeYnn cPtpOf 'd|jrif vmMuukefaom
xdkewf wdkYonf ,cktcgvnf; omoem Oygoum Oygodum
jyKvkyfMuukefaom vlwdkYudk aeYaeYnn cPtpOf aMumifaMumif
jrif aeMuukef\? tm*g&d,0de,oDv tmpm& 0de,oDv
oyK&o
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vQif xdt
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f ? xdt
k cg
Oygoum Oygodum jyKvkyfaomolonf xdkvlewfwdkYtv,f
tkyfysuf tqif;ysuf tSufuGJav\/
t&S u f u J G r I q d k o nf u m;...
rdrt
d rIukd rdr&d u
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jyK csKyftkyfapmifhxdef;aomf [d&DMowyysufvQif t&Suf{uef
uGJavawmhownf;/

ZtpodYk

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,ck omoemawmfwiG f &Sad eMuukeaf om &[ef;&Siv

f w
l o
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aeMu&uke\
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rnf\? vlcsi;f csi;f rQukd &Suw
f wfaMumuf wwfaom [d&MD owyu

av;rQonf oDvav;yg;udkEdkifatmif rtkyfcsKyfEdkifao;? vlrod

atmif jyKvkyfEdkifaom raumif;rIonf tvGefrsm;jym;ao;\?
rdrEd iS phf yfqikd &f m vl&iS rf Quo
kd m &Suw
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[d&D Mowy
um; qdkbG,fr&Sd? ig,ckjyKaomtrIudk jrwfpGmbk&m; ,ck&SdvQif
odawmfr
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bk&m;udkjrif &Sufwwfaom [d&D Mowyonf txGwftxdyf
jrwfaom [d&DMowyaywnf;/
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uG,f&mt&yfrnfonf? ewd=r&Sd}}[laom ygVdawmftzGifh rdrdjyK
aomtrIudk rdrda&S;OD;pGmodonf? rdrdodNyD;rS rdrdukd,fapmifh ewf
odonf? xdak emufrS rdrad usmif;apmifeh wf rdrt
d rd af pmifeh wf odonf
ponfjzifh jyqdkaom t|uxm pum;u/ rdrdodrIrSm [d&DMowyESpfyg;
c/ udk,fapmifhewfponfodrIrSm [d&D Mowy ESpfyg;
rdrdodrIonfom y"mevdk&if;wnf;/

ZtpodYk

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rd r d o d r I r S m [d & D M ow y j zpf y H k u m;...

rdrdjyKaomtrIudk rdrdonf rjyKrDa&SUtbdkY jyKvdkaom qE
jyKrnf[k BupH uyifo\
d ? jyKqv
J nf; od\? jyKNy;D aemufvnf; od\?
,ckigjyKrnf pdwf&SdaomtrIonf aemifjyef trSwf&aomtcg
pdwfMunf&rnfhtrIavm pdwfysuf&rnfh trIavm ighukd,fudk ig
o'gysuf&rnfhtrIavm[k qifjcif&m\? rdrdudk,fudk rdrd tMunf
ndKysuf&rnfudk rESpfoufonfum; [d&Dwnf;? r&Jonfum;
Mowywnf;? rESpfoufESifh r&Jum; wpfvkH;wnf;aywnf;/
olwpfyg;odrIrSmvnf; enf;wlodav/ /olwpfyg; odvQif
igrsufESmvSrnfavm rsufESmrvSrnfavm qdkav/ rsufESmrvS
jzpf&rnfudk rESpfoufonfum; [d&Dwnf;/ r&Jonfum; Mowy
wnf;qdkav/

rd r d o d r I o nf o m y"mevd k & if ; jzpf y H k u m;...

olwpfyg; odrIrnfonf ,ckb0 rsufESmrvS jzpf&bdkYom
&Sd\? rdrdodrIrSmum; &[ef;rSm bm0emw&m;rsm;udk tm;xkwf
rnf&Sdaomtcgvnf;aumif; aoawmhrnf &Sdaomtcgvnf;
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jzpf ay:vm\? jrifrh &kd af wmifBu;D udk aysmufu,
G af tmif wGe;f z,f
azsmufzsufjcif;iSg rwwfEdkifouJhodkY xdktjypfudk pdwfxJwGif
rxifvmatmif wGef;z,f azsmufzsufjcif;iSg rwwfEdkifavmuf
atmif 0efBuD;wpfck tBuD;tus,fjzpfaeonfudk jrifhrdk&fawmif
BuD;ozG,f qdkownf;? bm0emrIxJrSm ay:vmaomtcg bm0em

ZtpodYk

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pdwfudk iHk;iHk;wdkoGm;atmif avmifEdkif\? aocgeD;tcg ay:vm

aomtcg jcaoFhwpfaumifvmvQif wpf&m wpfaxmifaom
qifajymifBu;D wdo
Yk nf Muufaoao aeMu&ukeo
f uJo
h Ykd wpfouf
vH;k jyKvyk cf ahJ om 'gerI oDvrI ukov
kd Bf u;D wpf&mwpfaxmifwo
Ykd nf
Muufaoao aeMu&ukef\? xdktjypfudk rxifvmatmif
razsmufEdkiforQ xdkukodkvfwdkYtrIrS rvIyf0HhMuukef? tyg,fodkYom
aMumifaMumif wGef;csav\/
odkYvQif rdrdjyKaomtrIudk rdrdodaom trIonfonf
omvQif bm0empsmef r*fzdkvf\tE&m,fBuD; ewf&Gmok*wd\
tE&m,fBuD;jzpf pifppfvdk&if;y"me aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vS
avownf;/
odkYaomteufaMumifh raumif;rIudkjyKaom olwdkYtm;
qdwu
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f ,
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rlayonf? xdkodkYaom tE&m,frI jzpfrnfudk rESpfoufrIum;
[d&Dwnf;? r&JrIum; Mowywnf;? rESpfoufjcif;vnf;rjzpfvm
r&Jjcif; wGefU&GHUjcif;vnf; rjzpf vmonfum; [d&DMowyuif;jcif;
wnf;? xd[
k &d MD owy uif;aomolonfum; rdrjd yKaomraumif;rIukd
rdro
d o
d nft
h wGuaf Mumifh udpr &Sv
d ?S olwpfyg; Mum;rnf odrnfukd
om pd;k &dr\
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zdkvfw&m;udk&atmif ,aeYeufjzef bm0emw&m;udk tm;xkwf
rnf[k tBuHjyKjcif; wif;vif;&Sdaeaomol tyg,'kuudkvnf;
aMumuf aojcif;w&m;udv
k nf; ,aeYeufjzef uJo
h Ykd xifjrifEikd af om
olwdkYjzpfaom [d&DMowyrsKd;aywnf;/

ZtpodYk

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100

,ckb0 psmefr*fzv
kd w
f &m;udv
k nf; Om[ r&S?d aojcif;
w&m;udkvnf; eD;vSpGm rxif? aemufb0rIrSmvnf; uHcs&m[k
t0dZmbufom; vHk;vHk;vkyf aeMuaomolrsm;rSm xdkuJhodkYaom
[d&MD owy& cdS pJ ?G xdu
k o
hJ Ykd rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd t0dZm bufom; vH;k vH;k vky
f
xm;MuaomolwdkYrSm ygwdarmuoH0&oDv tmZD0yg&dok'doDv
ESpfyg;udk tav;*kjyKoljzpfayvQif oDv0E qdk&awmhonf?
`Ed,oH0& oDvESifh yp,oEddwoDv ESpfyg;rSm xdkolwdkY
tpifMu,fBu;D rjzpfEikd Nf y?D rjzpfEikd af Mumif;udk xdo
k v
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cufcJyHk eufeJyHkudk jrifwwfrS odEdkifrnf/
wGifa&GUum; oDvav;yg;wdkY\ vuP &o ypKy|mef
y'|mefudk jyqdkcsufNyD;\/
t*F g vu P mwd k Y u d k od v d k y gonf...
. ..

[l&m vuPmrSm vuP &o ypKy|mef y'|mefrSm yg

avNy?D t*FgrSm ygwdarmu oH0&oDv xdx
k o
kd u
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jyqdk&vdrfhrnf? rsm;jym;vS rjyvdkufNyD/
vd k & if ; rl u m;-a&S; jyqdkcJhNyD;aom vZDt*FgoHk;yg;onf ygwdarmu
oH0&oDv\ t*Fgwnf;/
1/ puK'Gg& aomw'Gg& Cme'Gg& Zd0Sg'Gg& um,'Gg&
raem'Gg&[kqt
kd yfaom ajcmuf'gG &wdYk 'kv
D w&m;
tuEdw&m; tnmPw&m; aumoZw&m; rk|op
w&m; ig;yg;wdkY\ rjzpfjcif;wpfyg;

ZtpodYk

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2/ ykxkZef*wdjzpf jzpfrdjyefvQifvnf; ]]e ykae0H

u&dmrd}} [k tm,wo0H &pdwjf zifh "d|mef aq;aMum
jcif;wpfyg;
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'kv
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k nfrmS tbdZmrI Asmyg'rI rdpm 'd|rd I oH;k yg;wnf;?
tuEu
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f nf;? tnmPum; arm[wnf;? aumoZum; ysif;&drIwnf;? rk|opum; a,medaom reodum& owd
vGwu
f if;rIwnf;/
e ykae0H u&dmrd ]]yke=wpfzef? {0H=od?Yk e u&dmrd=
igrjyKawmYtHY}} teufay;? `Ed,oH0&oDv ukpm;enf;wnf;?
tvGefodrfarGYaom oDvaywnf;/ ajcmuf'Gg& tukodkvf ray:
vm&atmif apmifhxdef;rIwnf;/
1/ w&m;ESifh ravsmfaom t"rdu ypnf;udk rcH,l roHk;
aqmifjcif;
2/ rod cH,rl d oH;k aqmifrcd v
hJ Qif qdik &f m ukpm;enf;ESihf
tvsiftjref okwfoif &Sif;vif;jcif;
um; tmZD0yg&dok'doDv\ t*FgESpfyg;wnf;/
]]qdkif&mukpm;enf;}} qdkonfum; tmywfoifhaom trIjzpftHh?
xdk0wKudk pGefYypf tmywfudk a'oemMum;jcif; tmywfoifhaom
trIr[kwf? tmZD0oDv ysufkHrQ jzpfcJhtHh? xdk0wKudk pGefYypf? ]]e
ykae0H u&dmrd}} [k tm,woH0&jyKjcif;yifwnf;/

1/ "rd,v' ypnf;av;yg;wkdY cH,laomtcgvnf;

aumif;

ZtpodYk

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102

2/ okH;aqmifaomtcgvnf;aumif;
3/ okH;aqmifNyD;onfrSaemuf ,ckaeYrvGefrD twGif;
vnf;aumif;
]]y#docFg a,medaom pD0&H y#ddao0grd oDw y#dCmwm,}} tpSo
d nfjzifh vmaomtwkid ;f qifjcifrI y#docFgePfudk
jzpfapjcif;onf yp,oEddw oDv\ t*FgvuPmaywnf;/
oDvukd tb,faMumifh eufeJonf cufcJonf[k qkd
oenf;? ykwD;pdyf av;yk'fukd &atmifjyK qifjcifvQif pifMu,f
awmhonf r[kwfavmqkdjim;tHh? ykwD;pdyfygVdukd tacgufrsm;pGm
&GwfzwfumrQESifhvnf; pifMu,fNyD rqkd&ao;? teufukd tacguf
rsm;pGm &GwfumrQESifhvnf; pifMu,fNyDrqkd&ao;? teufujyqkd
onfhtwkdif; owdjyKrd umrQESifhvnf; pifMu,fonf rqkdavmuf
ao;? ouFe;f ypn;f ESiphf yfaom eduEd wPSm qGr;f cJz,
G f abmZOf
ESifhpyfaom eduEdwPSm ausmif;aumif; tdyf&mae&maumif;
ESifhpyfaom eduEdwPSm qDOD;axmywf oumoMum; ysm;wifvJ
[laom aq;ypn;f ESiphf yfaom eduEw
d PSm wPSmav;rsK;d onf
&[ef;wkrYd mS tcGgtpGecYf ufc\
J ? y#docFga,medaomt& y#docFge
Pf tjrifoefvrS S cGgEkid o
f nf? ypn;f av;yg;ukd qifjcifaomtcg
y#docFgePf aumif;aumif;jzpf xkw
d PSmav;yg; uGmoGm;rS
xkdoDvpifMu,fNyDqkd&onf yg&dok'dqkd&onf/
y#docFgePfjzpf&eftcGifhrSmvnf; ykwD;pdyfygVd\ teuf
oGm;ukd aumif;aumif;xifjrifEidk rf S y#docFgePfNy;D onf? twkty
0wfauswef;aus qifjcifonf vkyu
f mrQEiS hf y#docFgePf rjzpf?

ZtpodYk

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103

y#docFgePf rjzpfuvnf; xkdwPSmav;pkH jzKHjzKHrQr&Sd? xkdwPSm

av;pkH rjzKHacsuvnf; tb,frSm yg&dok'd qkdEdkifrnfenf;?
y#docFge PfSd rSd yg&dok'djzpf rjzpf yk*KdvfrSm oDv &Sd
r&Sdukdrlum; rsufjrifESifhyif odEdkif&ef&Sd\? oDv pifMu,faom
olrSefvQif qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq; ypnf;av;yg; t&m
om,mwG,fwmrI uif;&Sif;\? odrf;qnf;okdxm;rI uif;&Sif;\?
qGr;f wum ausmif;wum tjit
d wG,u
f if; &Si;f \? awmorifrsm;
uJhodkY rkd;wpfae&m aqmif;wpfae&m aEGwpfae&m csrf;om&m
awmrSm awmifrmS aeEdik \
f ? jrwfpmG bk&m;cs;D rGr;f awmfral om yHou
k l
ouFe;f yd@,
d mavmyqGr;f kur v
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at;jrcsrf; MunfpGmaeEdkif\/
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rqdkomacs/
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'orykpmtajz NyD;\/
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{um'or ykpmtajz
11/ if;pwkyg&do'k o
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ol\tusKd; usefoDvoHk;yg;wdkYrSmvnf; if;twdkif;
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ZtpodYk

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104

[laomykpm-ygwd a rmu oH 0 &oD v ud k usL;vG e f r I o nf 1/ yg&mZdu tEdr0wKudk usL;vGefrI

2/ <uif;aom tmywfajcmufyHkudk usL;vGefrI
[lESpyf g;&S\
d /
<uif ; aomtmywf a jcmuf y H k u d k usL;vG e f & mvnf ; -1/ avmu0Zudk usL;vGefrI
2/ yPwd0Zudk usL;vGefrI
[lESpyf g;&S\
d /
yg&mZdu tErd 0wKukd usL;vGeaf omolonf bduK y#dnmOf
udk rpGefYrl aeonfjzpftHh? 'kDv&[ef; rnf\? bduKy#dnmOf
udpk eG
Yf vltjzpf omraPtjzpf &aoh olawmftjzpfoYkd a&mufay
rl ok'jd zpfayNy?D tjypfrqdo
k mNy?D 'kv
D &[ef;tjzpf wnfru
l m;
xdk'kDv&[ef;\ tjypfonf t*duaEmyrokwf tm'dw
y&d,m,okwf yda@mvokwpf onfwYkd rsm;pGmvm\? 0do'k rd *frmS
vnf; tawmfvm\/
0w K ouf a orS m...
uyjrwfpGmbk&m; omoem jzpfMuukefaom bduK
'kDv bduKeD'kDv odurmef'kDv omraP'kDv
omraPr'kv
D wdo
Yk nf pkawonf\tjcm;rJh *dZu#k af wmifrmS
bduKtoGif bduKeDtoGif odurmeftoGif omraPtoGif

ZtpodYk

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omraPrtoGiEf iS hf Nyw
d m awG jzpfMu igwdb
Yk &k m;vufxufwikd f
ruRwEf ikd Mf uyJ &Sad eMuaom 0wKwo
Ykd nf ed'ge0*vuP oH,w
k f
ygVdawmf 0denf;pwkwyg&mZdu 0dbif;ygVdawmfwdkYrSm xif&Sm;pGm
vm&So
d nf/
q&morm;rsm;uddk avQmufxm;awmif;yef em,lMuav/

<uif;aom tmywfajcmufyHkudk pdwfapwemESifhwuG usL;

vGef rukrpm;aeaom tvZD\tjypfrSm xdktmywfudk rukpm;
orQumvywfvHk; ynwd0DwdurE&m,fNid\? psmefr*fzdkvf\
tE&m,fjzpf\? aovQif tyg,f*wdNrJ\/
0w K ouf a orS m...
"ry't|uxmrSmvmaom {&uywe*g;rif;0wK &Sd
avNyD? rodyifusL;vGefrdaomfvnf; avmu0Zt&m jzpfcJhvQif
raumif;usKd;udkcH&ao;\? ,uoH,kwfwGifvmaom olpdavmr
bDvl;0wK c&avmrbDvl;0wK&Sdav\? xdkoDvwdkYudk vHkNcHKpGm
apmifha&SmufolwdkY\tusKd;rSm 0dok'dr*fvm\/
tjypftusKd;tvHk;pHkonfyifvQif r[m0dok'g&mr q&mawmf
pD&ifawmfrltyfaom y&rw olyab'eD pmtkyfBuD;rSm tvGefjynfh
pHkpGm yg&SdavNyD
aemufoDv oHk;yg;wdkY\ tusKd;tjypf0wKoufao wdkYudk vnf;
xdkpmtkyfrSm,lv/

{uuedygwfygXZmwft|uxm yp,oEddw oDv

ysuu
f ek af om olwo
Ykd nf tyg,fjynfMh uukeo
f nf[k qd\
k ? "ry'
t|uxmvnf; bk&m;vufxufawmf aZw0efausmif;awmf

ZtpodYk

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twGi;f rSm &[ef;wpfyg; aovGe&f m ouFe;f wyfpeG ;f aom wPSm

aMumifh xdkouFef;rSmyif oef;jzpfonf[kvm\? xdkodkY qdk&mvm&m
wdkY rdrdoEujzpfaom "rd,v'ypnf; wyfpGef;rIonf wpfpHk
wpfcak om uryx wGiyf g0ifaom trIr[kw&f um; xdw
k PSmudk
rSD wpfyg; aomuHwdkYu tyg,fodkYcsonf[k,lMu\/
{um'or ykpmtajzNyD;\/
----------------

'Gg'or ykpmtajz
12/ oHCdu'gersKd;wddkY\ okyft"dyg,fudk vSLenf; vSLyHk
ESifhwuG odvdkygonf/
[laomykpm-Oy&dyPmo 'uP
d 0db*Fow
k f ]]owrd m tmeE oHC*wm
'udPm}}tp&Sdojzifh oHCdu'ge ckepfrsKd;udk a[m awmfrlonf/
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/

bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom ObawmoHCmtm; vSL'gef;jcif;

wpfyg;
bk&m;r&Sdonfhaemuf ObawmoHCm oufouf
tm; vSL'gef;jcif;wpfyg
bduKoHCmoufouftm; vSL'gef;jcif; wpfyg;
bduKeDoHCm oufouftm; vSL'gef;wpfyg;
oHCmrsm;&mwdkufwm wynfhawmfwdkYtm; oHCm
wpfyg;ay;yg ESpfyg;ay;yg wpfusdyfay;yg ESpfusdyf

ZtpodYk

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ay;yg ponfjzifh avQmufxm;awmif;yef&m oHCm

awmfrsm;u TefMum;csay;&aom bduKoHCm
bduKeDoHCmtm; vSL'gef;jcif;wpfyg;
6/ bduK oC
H m oufoufrmS avQmufawmif;&m oHCm
awmfrsm;u Tefjycsay;&aom bduKoHCm ouf
ouftm; vSL'gef;jcif; wpfyg;
7/ bduKeD oHCmoufoufrSm avQmufawmif; &m
bduKeDoHCmu Tefjycsay;&aom bduKeDoHCm
tm; vSL'gef;jcif;wpfyg;
[loHCdu'ge ckepfyg;&Sd\/
ygVdawmf ]]tmeE=tmeEm? oHC*wm=oHCm wnfukef
aom? 0g=oHCmodkYa&mufukefaom? 'udPm=tvSLwdkYonf? rm
ow=ckepfyg;wdkYwnf;}}ay;? ]]oHC*wm}}[laomyk'f BuD;
jrwfzGHUNzdK;aomtusKd;udk tvdk&Sdonfjzpf oHC*w tvSLudk
vSL'gef;vdkonf&Sdaomf rvSLrDa&S;tzdkY oky#dyEwmtp&Sdaom
oHCmh*P
k af wmfrsm;udk qifjcif yk*K v
d f wnfaom pdwu
f akd umif;pGm
okwfoif oHCmwnfaom pdwfudkjzpfap&m\/
tb,f o d k Y jzpf a p&moenf ; [l r l u m;...
,ck&adS eMuaom &[ef;awmf q&mawmf oHCmawmf yk*K v
d f
wdkYwGif rnfonfh&[ef;awmfyk*Kdvf rnfonfhq&mawmf yk*Kdvf
rnfonfhoHCmawmfyk*Kdvfudk igyifhrnf igvSLrnf[k yk*Kdvf

ZtpodYk

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wnfaompdwu
f kd rjzpfaprl oky# yd E*P
k Ef iS hf jynfph akH wmfral yaom
jrwfpGmbk&m; wynfhawmfjrwf om;awmfjrwf jzpfawmfrlayaom
oHCmawmfjrwftm; igvSLrnf[laomfvnf;aumif; t&Sif
aum@nax&f tp&Sdukefaom yxr0g Am&mPoDjynf rd*'g0kef
awm tuRwfw&m;udk &awmfrlMuukefaom ajcmufusdyfausmfrQ
aom oHCmawmf xdkYaemuf oHk;usdyfrQaom b'0*DoHCmawmf
Oka0vuyax&f tp&Sdukefaom wpfaxmifrQaom oHCm
awmf t&Sifom&dykw&m t&Sifr[marm*vmef trSL;&Sdukefaom
ESp&f mhig;usyd rf QaomoHCmawmf &mZN*Kd [jf ynfrS uydv0wfjynfoYkd
<uawmfr&l m twlygawmfru
l ek af om ESpaf omif;rQaom oHCmawmf
wdkYrSp y&dedAmefpHawmfrrlrD tuRwf&awmfrlMuukefaom vuf
xufawmf&SdoHCmawmf xdkYaemuf yxro*Fg,emwif t&Sif
r[muy tp&Sdaom yxrtESpfwpf&mtwGif;&Sd oHCmawmf
'kwd,o*Fg,emwif t&Sif,oax&ftrSL;&Sdukefaom 'kwd,
tESpfwpf&m twGif;&SdoHCmawmf wwd,o*Fg,emwif t&Sif
arm*vdykwwdax&f trSL;&SdMuukefaom wwd,tESpfwpf&m
pwkwtESpfwpf&mtwGif;&Sd oHCmawmftp&Sdukefaom wpfyg;
rusef tvH;k pHak om jrwfpmG bk&m; wynfo
h m; oHCmawmfjrwftm;
igvSLrnf qGr;f 'g,um igcHrnf ouFe;f 'g,um igcHrnf ausmif;
'g,um igcHrnf[laomfvnf;aumif; odkYyk*KdvfESifhpyfaom
pdwu
f kd a0;pGma&SmifMuOf oHCmwnfaom pdwu
f kd jzpfap&m\/

ZtpodYk

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xd k Y a Mumif h t |uxm umom0uP o H C 'd E ' u d P H ye aum

aoma"wDwd/ om&dykw arm*vmem'a,m toDwd
r[max&m aoma"Ed? tydp Ak'umav y&dedAKaw
axa& tm' u wG m ,m0Z " &rmem cD P mo0g
aoma"Eda,0/
[l rdefYqdkayonf/
umom0uP o H C =omoem ouF e f ; vnf y if ;
a&mufaom aemufydwf'kDv umom0uPoHCmtm;? 'dE
'udPHye=vSLtyfaomoHCdu tvSLudkrlum;? aum=tb,f
oHCmonf? aoma"wd=tusKd;BuD;atmif csD;ajrmufokwfoifay
oenf;? wd=um; tar;ykpmwnf;? om&dykwarm*vmem
'a,m=t&S i f o m&d y k w & m t&S i f a rm* v m ef t p&S d u k e f a om?
toDwdr[max&m= &Spfusdyfaomr[max&fwdkYonf? aoma"Ed=
tusKd;BuD;atmif csD;ajrmufokwfoifayukef\? tydp=pifppfaomf
um;? Ak'umav=jrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufawmf? y&dedAKaw=
udavomrD;Nidrf;awmfrlMuukefNyD;aom? axa&=rax&fjrwfwdkYukd?
tm'uwGm=tpjyK? ,m0Z"&rmem=,ckaeYwikd f xif&mS ;&SMd uay
ukefaom? cDPmo0g=&[EmwdkYonf? aoma"Eda,0=tusKd;BuD;
atmif csD;ajrmuf okwfoifawmfrlMuayukefonfomvQifwnf;/
odkYrdrdpdwfudk oHCmwnfap oHCma&mufap
oHCmudt
k mkjH yK vSL&m ouFe;f tvSLjzpfct
hJ ?Hh xdt
k vSL'g,um
onf igwdb
Yk &k m;omoem&Sd tvH;k pHak om oHCmawmfjrwf\ ouFe;f

ZtpodYk

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'g,umjzpfav\? qGr;f tvSLjzpfct

hJ ?hH xdt
k vSLU'g,umonf igwdYk
bk&m;omoem&Sd tvHk;pHkaomoHCmawmfjrwf\ qGrf;'g,um
jzpfav\? ausmif;tvSLjzpfct
hJ ?hH xdak usmif;'g,umonf igwdb
Yk &k m;
omoem tvH;k pHak om oHCmawmfjrwf\ ausmif;'g,um jzpfav
\? t&Sifom&dykw&m\ausmif;'g,um jzpfav\? t&Sifr[m
arm*vmef\ ausmif;'g,um jzpfav\? t&Sifaum@n t&Sif
r[muytp&Sdaom toDwdr[momouwdkY\ ausmif;
'g,umjzpfav\? tukefvHk;aom bk&m;wynfhom; oHCmawmf
jrwfwdkY\ ausmif;'g,umjzpfav\/
y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlNyD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk &nfpl;
,ckumv bk&m;apwD wnfxm;udk;uG,faomoludk bk&m;
'g,umac:&onfESifh twlwlyifwnf;/
xdkbk&m;'g,umac:&mvnf; bk&m;vdkPfwGif; wnf
xm;aomkyfyGg;awmf\ 'g,umqdkvdkonf r[kwf? y&dedAmefpH
vGeaf wmfrNl y;D aom oAnKjrwfpmG bk&m;\ ausmif;'g,um qdv
k ykd g
ownf;/
oHCduausmif;rSmvnf; xdktwlrSwfyg/

xdkvSLtyfNyD;om ouFef; qGrf; ausmif; aq; ypnf; av;yg;

wdkYudkrlum; avmu om;orD; aygrsm;aom olwdkYrSm tcsKdUaom
om;orD;wdkY aovGefMuukefvQif aovGefolwdkYyg ydkifqdkifaom
tarGOpmwdu
Yk kd use&f adS om om;orD;wdo
Yk m &,lcpH MH u&ukeo
f uJo
h Ykd
,ck&Sdaeaom oHCmawmfwdkYom &,lcHpHMu&ukef\? a&pufcs
trQay;a0onfw
h ikd af tmif odaYk om oHCu
d wpdwu
f kd aumif;pGm

ZtpodYk

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wnfap&m\? jyKvkyfvSL'gef;aomtcgrlum; ausmif;jzpftHh?

rdrpd w
d Mf unf&kd m wdu
k w
f maqmufvyk
f Munf&kd m yk*K v
d rf sm;udk
yifhaqmif a&pufcs&m\? ouFef; qGrf; aq;wdkYrSmvnf; tdrf
rSmjzpfap? qufqHMunfndK&m ausmif;wdkufrSmjzpfap? xdktwl
rdrdMunfndK&mudk yifhaqmif a&pufcstyf\? a&pufcsNyD; aom
tcg oHCmawmfrsm;rSm 0denf;awmfOya'ESifh ae&musjyK oHk;
aqmifMuvwHU/
um; ]]oHC*wm 'udPm}} [laom ygVdawmfjrwf oHC*w
'udPmjzpfyHk t"dyg,fwnf;/

bk & m;trS L ;S d a om ObawmoH C mtm; vS L 'gef ; jcif ;

[l a om yxroH C d u 'gejzpf y H k u m;...
bk&m;ESifhwuG bduKoHCm bduKeDoHCmudk yifhzdwf
bk & m;aS U ]]Ak ' y rk c oH C a'r}}[l vnf ; aumif ;
]]Ak'yrkc ObawmoHC a'r}}[lvnf;aumif; qdk vSL
jcif;wnf;/
bk & m;rS d a om aemuf u mvum;...
bk&m;"mwfawmfSdaom kyfyGg;qif;wkawmfudk bk&m;ae&m
xm; Ak'yrkcObawmoHCdutvSLudk vSLEdkifao;onf[k
t|uxmvm\/
]]o"mwkuH ywdrd H tmoae xaywGm tm"m&au
ywH xaywGm 'uad Pm'uH tm' uwGm oAH owK
yxrH 'wGm ObawmoHC 'gwAH}}/
t|uxm/

ZtpodYk

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o"mwkuH=bk&m;"mwfawmftppf&Sdaom? ywdrH=kyfyGg;
qif;wkawmfjrwfudk? tmoae=bk&m;ae&m? xaywGm=xm;?
tm"m&au=oyd w f a jc? yw H = oyd w f u d k ? xaywG m =xm;?
'uad Pm'uH=tvSLa&ud?k tm'uwGm=tpjyK? oA=H tvH;k pHak om
vSLbG,f0wKudk? owK=jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;? yxrH=aS;OD;pGm? 'wGm=
vSLNyD;? Obawm-oHC=ObawmoHCmtm;? 'gwAH=uyfvSL
tyf\/
]]bk&m;"mwfawmf tppfadS om kyyf gG ;qif;wkawmfukd bk&m;
t&m xm;&rnf}} [laompum; tusKd ;txl; Bu;D jrwfapjcif;iSg
bk&m;"mwfawmf tppfadS om kyyf gG ;qif;wkawmfukd txl;0daoo
qdkonf? bk&m;"mwfawmf tppfrSdaom kyfyGg;qif;wkawmfudk
xm; vSLaomfvnf; Ak'yrkcyif jzpf&myg\/
bk & m;rS d o nf h a emuf ObawmoH C m ouf o uf t m;
vS L 'gef ; jcif ;...
[laom 'kwd, odomvSNyD/
bd u K oH C m ouf o uf t m;vS L 'gef ; jcif ;...
[laom wwd,oHCdu bk&m;"mwfawmftppf Sdaom
kyyf gG ;qif;wkawmfukd aSUxm; qdck NhJ y;D aomenf;jzifh vSL'gef;ygrl
Ak'yrkc {uawmoHCdutvSL qdkoifhyg\/

ZtpodYk

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bd u K eD o H C mouf o uf t m; vS L 'gef ; jcif ;...

[laompwkwvnf; xdkenf;twlwnf;? ,ckumvum;
bduKeDoHCm rSdNyD? tvSLav;yg;um; wdkufSdoHCmudkyifh
vSLaom tvSLrsdK;wnf;/
yr q|r owrtvSL...
wdkufSd oHCmukef rwwfEdkif bduKoHCmwdkY wdkufrSvnf;
aumif; rdrdwdkYtvdkSdorQ oHCmudk wdkufwm tBuD;tMuyfwdkYxH
avQmufawmif; vSLaomtvSLonf O'duoHCdu tvSL
rnf\? yOr q|r owrtvSL oHk;yg;um; O'du oHCdu
tvSLoH;k yg;aywnf;? O'
d u qdo
k nfum; b,fy*k K v
d f b,foC
H m
ud[
k k 'g,umu &nfp;l onf r[kw?f wdu
k w
f m oHCmtBu;D tMuyfwYkd
Tef;cs&m yk*KdvfudkvSL&aom tvSLwnf;/
O'du oHCdu oHk;rsKd; 'g,umpdwfrwwfvQif
oHC*w 'udPajrmufcJaMumif;udk t|uxm odkYqdkay\/
oHC*wH 'udPH 'mrDwd a',s"rH y#d,ma'wGm
0d[m&H *Em baE oHCawm O'o
d w
d mG {uH r[max&H
a'xmwd 0'wd/ tx oHCawm omraP&H vbdwGm
omraPa&m ar va' g wd rnd w G m tnxw H
tmyZwd/ w 'udPm oHC*wm e a[mwd/
r[max&H vbdwGmyd r[maxa&m ar va'gwd
aomreH Oyga'Emyd e a[mwda,0/
t|uxm/

ZtpodYk

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oHC*wH=oHCmwnfaom? 'udPH=tvSLudk? 'mrd=

igvSLtH?h wd=odBYk u
H ? a',s"r=H vSLzG,0f wKu?kd y#d,ma'wGm=
tdrfpDrHNyD;? 0d[m&H=wpfckaomausmif;wdkufodkY? *Em=oGm;?
baE=t&Sifbk&m;wdkY? oHCawm=oHCmrS? O'dodwGm=Tef;cs?
{uHr[max&H=ax&fBuD;0gBuD; odumawmfBuD;wpfyg;udk? a'x=
ay;Muukeaf vmh? wd-0'wd=onfyaHk vQmufawmif;av\? tx=
xdktcg? oHCawm=oHCmawmfrS? omraP&H=omraPi,fudk?
vbd w G m =&? ar=igh t m;? omraPa&m=omraPi,f u d k ?
va'g=&bd\? wd=odkY? rndwGm=atmufarh? tnxwH=
rMunfrouf o'gysufjcif;odkY? tmyZwd=a&mufcJhthH? w=
xd'k g,um\? 'uP
d m=tvSLonf? oHC*wm=oHCmwnfonf?
ea[mwd=rjzpfNy?D r[max&H=ax&fBu;D 0gBu;D odum Bu;D q&mawmf
Bu;D ud?k vbdwmG yd=&onft
h wGuv
f nf;? ar=ightm;? r[maxa&m=
ax&fBuD;0gBuD; odumBuD; q&mawmfBuD;udk? va'g=&ygay\?
wd = od k Y ? aomreH = tyd k t rd k 0rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; ud k ? Oy g
a'Emyd=jzpfapaom 'g,um\vnf;? 'udPm= tvSLonf?
oH C *wm=oH C mwnf o nf ? ea[mwd a ,0=rjzpf o nf o m
vQiw
f nf;/
a&S ; tcg O' d u oH C d u vS L 'gef ; ol a ygrsm;Mu
wdkufwmrSm tvSnfhus oHCmpm&if;ESifh xm;&onf/

rax&fBuD;udk &vdkygonf[k avQmufawmif;aomfvnf;

awmif;&mudk Te;f cs&onfr[kw?f pm&if;tvSnu
hf s a&muf&mudo
k m
Tef;cs&onf? odkYtwGufaMumifh rax&fBuD; [kqdkawmif;aomf

ZtpodYk

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vnf; rax&fBu;D udk r&? omrPi,fuav;rsm;ud&k aom tvSnhf

&Sdavownf;/
oHCdu'getppfajrmufvdkaom 'g,umrSmrlum; a&S;jy
qdkcJhNyD;aom oHC*w pdwfudkom cdkifNrJpGmjyK igonf tusKd;BuD;
yGg;vdv
k
S oHCu
d tvSLudo
k m vSLvd&k if;jzpfonf? t&Sio
f m&dyw
k & m
t&Sirf [marm*vm ef tp&Sad om bk&m;wynfo
h m; oHCmtvH;k pHk
onfom ig\tvSLcHjzpfonf? ,ckax&fBuD;0gBuD; q&mawmfBuD;
&&Sdaomfvnf; ax&fBuD; 0gBuD;q&mawmfBuD;onf ightvSLcH
r[kwf? omraPi,fudk&aomfvnf; omraPi,fonf igh
tvSLcHr[kw?f tvSLajrmufrHk Q cHorm;jzpfonf[k pdwEf v
S ;kH cdik cf ikd f
xm; &&Sdaomyk*Kdvf\ rsufESmudkvnf;aumif; avmuudk
vnf;aumif; rMunfhyJ vSLEdkifygrS oHCdutppf ajrmufEdkifonf
[lvdkygownf;? cJ,Of;vS\/
omraPi,fudkyif &aomfvnf;aumif; tvZD 'kDv
udyk if &aomfvnf;aumif; t&Sio
f m&dyw
k & mudk kad oav;jrwfpmG
jyKEdkifouJhodkY xdkomraPi,f tvZD 'kDvudkvnf; dkao
av;jrwfpGm jyKEdkif&onf? rjyKEdkifyifvQif xdktvSL&Sifpdwf t&Sif
om&dykw&modkY rqdkufNyD? omraPi,f tvZD'kDvwGifom
qdkufwdkufaeNyD/
t&m t|uxmrS m 0w K vm\...
ausmif;wdkuf'g,um ol<u,fwpfa,mufonf oHC*w
tvSLajrmufvdk rdrdwdkufrSm O'du oHCmwpfyg; avQmuf

ZtpodYk

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116

awmif;av\? 'kDv&[ef; wpfa,mufudk &av\? bk&m;udk

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk
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xdk'kDv&[ef;udk trlvutm;jzifh 'kDvpum;ESifh

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ZtpodYk
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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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ZtpodYk

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