1.

INTRODUCTION
INDIA a country, which is famous for its Unity & Diversity characteristics. India is diversified country having linguistic, ethnic, cultural & economic backgrounds, slums are considered to be an integral part of this country. According to National Building Organization (N.B.O) Survey, two & half crores of the slum dwellers are living in different part of India. Meaning of SLUM :A slum (UN-HABITAT,2001) is a run down area of a city characterized by substandard housing & squalor & lacking in tenure security. Although their characteristics vary between geographical regions , they are usually inhabited by the very poor or socially disadvantaged. Most slums lack clean water , electricity ,sanitation & other basic services . The Oxford University dictionary defines Slum as street alley, court etc. The word slum was derived from slumber ., which means unknown . & said to describe the people living in black streets or alleys. In 1953 the Etymological explanation of the word slum was made & described as a thickly populate streets or alley marked by squalor or a wretched living condition. Slum in Global Perspective:By 030 a estimated 5 billion of the world s 8.1 billion people will live in cities. About 2 billion of them will live in slums, primarily in Africa & Asia, lacking access to clean drinking water & working toilets, surround by desperation & crime. For get about Uthopia or even the dystopian Los Angels depicted in BLADE Runner . The future of the city is a vast Third World Slum Slum in Indian perspective:In India slum dwellers are immigrant from the rural area who live below the poverty line in metropolitan city. A SLUM constitutes perhaps the most important & persistent problem of urban life & persistent problem of urban life & can be described as the comer of city. It not only spoils a city s symmetry but is also its chief source of crime& delinquency. Sociologically, it
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is a way of life , a sub culture with a state of norms & values with the characteristics attributes of apathy & social isolation. Definition of Slum:According to a report of United Nation the urban land policy explains that a slum is , a building group of building or area characterized by overcrowding , deterioration in sanitary conditions or absence of facilities or amenities which because of these conditions or any of them endanger the health, safety or morals of its inhabitants or the community . According to Bergel who is a famous urban sociologist, conceives slums as area of substandard housing condition with a city. In order to make our clarification regarding slum more in-depth, we should know about the various important characteristics of slum dwellers:-

A.Low Economic status:Generally a slum is inhabited by people of the lowest income group & although there may be occasional buildings of equally run down appearance inhabited by families that are not so poor , in general however , the slum is a poverty ridden area. B. Bad appearance:This may be called as an universal work of the slum in its aspect of neglect & disorder with respect to buildings yards & streets, bad appearance is an inherent virtue of a slum. C. Overcrowding :The space may be over crowded with building or the building may be over crowded with people or both. If the slum is retreating may of the building may be over crowding in the buildings still occupied the uninhabited space may then be occupied by such unwelcome occupants.

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D. Over population:In a sum of heterogeneous who are generally not welcome in other residential areas, or those who can not afford to live elsewhere ,thus it may be a refuge for the aged, the chronically sick, the homeless & the socially maladjusted, but such odds & ends may not be welcome even in some slums where a sense of community exists if the slum population is racial or cultural it may have a degree of social organization. E. Bad health & sanitation:For understandable reasons when compared with other areas of residence the slum is characterized by low standards of sanitation, for mixed reasons, it may also be an area of high sickness & death rates. F. Loose morals:The slum may be an area of delinquency, crime & vice but this is more likely to be true of the socially disorganized slum. While such a slum may not be the habitat of successful criminals, it may of the habit or the hiding place of fugitive criminals, may vices may be funned in the slum but are by no means confirmed to the shin. G .Social isolation:While many residential areas within the modern city tends to be socially isolated from others ,partly by choice & partly by location, he slum is especially so their chief link with the rest of the community is their identification with labour market ,but there may be an additional link through politics slum dwellers function equally with others as citizen & as they are able to identify themselves with political group. H. High mobility:The slum is usually an area of high residential mobility but a family occupied slum may have a low rate of residential mobility . The high mobility of slum inhabitants is more true of American cities then European cities ,perhaps the most mobile is the slum occupied mainly by homeless

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,especially itinents workers .In Indian slums however the rate of mobility differs from one slum to the other.

Creation & development of slum:Slums are created mainly because of poverty ,social backwardness & unemployment of the people living in the country side. Due to drought or other un favorable conditions in these areas having no work to earn their livelihood ,find themselves in a difficult condition to maintain themselves & naturally drift towards the urban area with the main objective of eking out their livelihood the amenities available & job opportunities attract them towards Big Towns & Cites & naturally there is an intensive in flow of poor & labour class people to these cities & towns & cities provides more scope for employment opportunities & thus attract a large number of poor people from surrounding areas.

2.Review of Literature:Review of literature in education reseacch provides means of getting into the frontiers in a particular field of knowledge. It involves locating ,realizing & evaluation reports of research as well as reports at one s gathers during the cause of the investigation. y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.

Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay. y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By Jenny M E klund. y y y y y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja. Social problems & social Disorganization in india Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja. Criminology By Don c.Gibbons. Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications . y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol By Mamoria C.B.

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Problems: The Role of Behavior, Personality and Biological Factors (Health Equity Study) Stockholm University By Jenny M Eklund.

4. Research Methodology:Statement of the problem: Slums are universal problem, i.e. slums are found almost in all country like India ,where Anti social Behaviouris is very frequently observed. Not in all the slum area of India we came to see Anti social activities, but in majority area of slums, the practice of criminal offence, delinquent behavior are much common. Which not only becomes the hub of problem for the cities in where it is existing ,but ultimately the entire nation too suffers a lot from it. The researcher wants to explore ,the various type of Anti social Behavior the practice, degree of involvement in A.S. activities, the various factors responsible for A.S.B & what is the impact of this A.S.B upon the slums. Meaning of ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR/ACTIVITIES:A condition characterized by repetitive behavioral patterns that are contrary to usual moral & ethical standards & cause a person to experience continuous conflict with society .This includes aggression, callousness ,impulsiveness ,irresponsibility ,hostility, a low frustration level, marked emotional immaturity & poor judgments. A person who has this disorder overlooks the right of others, is incapable of loyality to others ,or to social values, is unable to experience guilt or to learn from past behavior ,is impervious to punishment,& tends to blame it on other. Also called Anti social reaction.
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Scope of the study:The scope of the study is not very vast .This scope of the study will be in Dhirikuti slum of Bhubaneswar ,but it may not be completely same for the other slum of B.B.S.R. The study is completely concentrated on a particular slum & its situation, socio economic condition & most importantly the anti social activities practiced in the Dhirikuti slum of B.B.S.R. Area of the study:The area of the study is not very large ,it is based on a particular slum of Bhubaneswar city named as Dhirikuti . This slum is a very oldest slum of B.B.S.R divided into three clusters, total households in this slum is 347,the total no. of people are 2646 , from them 779 are male & remaining 688 are female, total no. of children of this slum is 1179. Labor class people are staying in this cluster. In named as Upar sahi , there is only 76 houses & in cluster one Hanuman Temple is there in the slum. All the people were migrated from various districts of odisha & some were migrated from Andhra Pradesh .As the population of the whole community is not very much surprising to see various types of people with different types of behavior & attitudes ,but still their socio economic life & various activities they practices to some extent same but most remarks the same.

Objectives:y Types of Anti-social activities they practices.

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y Degree of involvement in Anti-social behavior by the slum dwellers. y Factors responsible for Anti social activities of the slum dwellers. y Impact of Anti social behavior upon the slum dwellers . y Various remedial measures for it.

Hypothesis:Hypothesis really shows the path to the research work . It throws light to the researcher. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relations between two or more variables. Hypothesis are always in declarative form & the relate to either generally or specifically variables to variables. For the research work , the researcher has taken two Hypothesis . Those are mentioned below. Hypothesis:-1 Majority of slum dwellers indulge themselves in anti social activities. Hypothesis :-2 It is their situation which compels themselves to involve in anti social behaviors.

Variables:In social research , the term , Variable is most important . Variable is a property that takes different values .A variable is a symbol to which numerals or value is assigned.
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In this research work , the independent variable (cause) & depended variable (effect)are explained below; Independent variable:Kidnapping, Robbery, Smuggling, Murder, Black marketing, Theft, etc. Dependent variable:Age, Gender, Place, Peer Pressure , Environment , Socio-economic conditions etc. Type of Research Design:In this research the researcher decides different dimensions of social & economic problems involve in a particular slum Dhirikuti. The researcher has taken Explorative research design for conducting the study . It is a type of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Explorative research helps determine the best research design, data collection method & selection of subjects .It also concludes that perceived problem does not actually exist. Universe of the study:Dhirikuti slum is the universe of the study.

Research Method:The researcher will follow the survey method for conducting the research on Anti social behaviors of Dhirikuti a slum in B.B.S.R. Sampling Technique:-

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In order to have a systematic study the researcher adopted a well designed sampling technique. When a small group taken as the representative of the whole the study is called sampling study .The whole group from which the sample has been drawn that technology is known as sampling. Random sampling:At the second stage the research selected four clusters in Dhirikuti slum ,random sampling is the form applied when the method of selection assures each individuals or elements is universe as an equal chance of being chosen . At the last stage the researcher randomly selected 30 households from the 4 clusters. Sample unit or size:Before drawing a sample we have to decide the unit of sample . What shall be selected a house, a family & individual group. In researcher s study the sampling unit are individual. The size of the sample is an important problem to be decided in case of sampling. This is because the size has a direct bearing upon accuracy time , cost & administration of the researcher .My sample size is 30 by looking the various aspects of my study.

Methods & tools of data collections:Data collection can be defined as the facts or information. Collection of data is very much essential in social researcher, because the data are the basis upon which research has been conducted.
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There are 2 important tools are generally used in social survey; those are schedule & questionnaire. Schedule has to be indirect observation & is filed by the field worker himself; the questionnaire is generally mailed to respondent who fills it up return it to the sender. Questionnaires consist of a number of question printed of typed in definite order on a form or set of form. To make successful questionnaire schedule should be

short & simple, technical terms & vague expression should be avoided. Data Analysis:The data thus collected were of two types. Quantitative & qualitative data were collected through the interview schedule were located with the help of master sheet & after that the data were edited, codified & tabulated data was converted into percentages & were analyzed in form of simple & complex tables. The tables were also represented in the form of diagrammatic graphs were ever necessary.

Capterization:The research study will be fragmented in the following chapter. a. Introduction. B.Review of literature. c.Research methodology.
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d.Tabulation & data analysis. e.Major findings & conclusion. Appendix:1 Bibliography. 2 Interview schedule.
Limitation of the study:1.The research is not able to cover the whole people living in all slums. So the inferences are based on the particular slum. 2.It is difficult to make interview schedules from those , whose are not willing to express their true opinions. 3. The respondent are not really like to express their true opinions. 4. Researcher faced various difficulties, in forming rapports with the dwellers as an out side. 5. Some respondents totally refused to give all information about his/her family to the researcher. The limitation as mention above could not be avoided because of the peculiarities of the aspects chosen for the study. slum

Profile of the study area:Profile of the Khurda District :-

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The district Khurda came into being on 1st April 1993 by dividing it off its erstwhile Puri ,Khurda & Nayagarh.The district is bounded by Cuttack district-north & east nayagarh district west purl district-south ganjam district. According to census 2001 total population is 18,7,.395 .Out of which male are 9,86,886 & female are 8,90,509 respectively. Profile of Bhubaneswar City:The Temple city of Bhubaneswar which was the capital of odisha in early 1950s, was considered to be one of the cleanest cities in the country till a few years back. The city which had a population of 16,512 spread over an areas of 1684 hct. The civil body for the city of B.B.S.R is known as B.M.C (Bhubaneswar Municipality Corporation Act).The slum wing of the Municipal Corporation is headed by a project officer , incumbement of odisha Administration service.The project officer is assisted by the community organizers. There are 11 no. of community organizers & each supervises & coordinates the work of slum areas assigned to him/her.

About Sample Slum:Dhirikuti is a one of the oldest slum of Bhubaneswar , which was established by the late chief minister M.r Biju Pattnaik. The whole slum is divided into 3 clusters. The total house are 347 in the slum ,total population is 2646,from them 779 are male ,female 688 & children were 1179.From the children 520 are regularly going to school ,dropout students are 183,child labour in the slum is only 17.In cluster no.1 Tala sahi there are 895 people living in 226 house holds. From 895 people 83 male, 23 female & rest 389 are children. Among the children 177 are regularly going to school & 47 children were dropout from the school . In cluster No. only
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63 houses & 246 people are staying .Among all 66are male & 66 also female & rest 114 are children. Only 63 children are going to school & 6 children were dropout from the school. Incluster-3 the name is line sahi .Most of the SC & O.B.C categories people are staying in this cluster. The total house are 138 & 59,people are staying in this cluster. The children in this cluster is 255 from them 78 are school going & 59 childen were dropout from the school due to some reason. M.r Sudhansu Marandi is the secretary & M.r Hemanta Pradhan is the president of this slum

4.Tabulation & data analysis:Personal Profile: Table -5.1 Distributions of the respondent as per their age group;
Age group in Male years 20 20 to 30 30 to 40 40 to 50 50 & above Total 2 5 6 3 2 1 2 5 2 2 3 7 11 5 4 30 11% 23% 36% 16% 13% 100% Female Total Percentages

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The above Table shows that , majority 36% of the respondents belong to the age group of 30-40, only 11% & 13% of the respondents are in the age group of 20 & 50& above repectively. The respondents who belongs to the age group of 20-30 ,constitutes 23% & 40-50 forms 16%. Table -5.2 Distribution of the respondent as per their Sex; Sex Male Female Total No.of respondents 18 12 30 Percentages 60% 40% 100%

The above Table depicts the distribution of respondent as per their sex; 18(60%) of the respondents were male & 12(40%) of respondents were female. Table -5.3 Distribution of the respondent as per their Marital status; Marital status Married Unmaried Total 15 4 18 10 2 12 25 6 30 83% 20% 100% Male Female Total Percentages

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From the above Table ,it is quite clear that majority of the respondents were married(83%),only (20%) of the respondents were yet to be married.

Table -5-4 Distribution of the respondents as per their educational status; Educational status Literate Illiterate Total 7 12 5 6 12 18 30 40% 60% 100% Male Female Total Percentages

N=12 Qualification Primary Male 5 Female 3 1 1 O Total 8 3 2 1 Percentages 27% 10% 0.06% 0.03% 100%

Upper primary 2 High school Inter mediate Total 1 1

The above Table signifies ,that majority (27%) of the respondents have completed their primary education,3(10%) of the respondents were able to pursue their upper primary education. Only o.o6% & o.o3% of the respondents.

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Table -5.5 Distribution of respondents as per their family structure. Types of Family Nuclear Joint Extended Total No, of respondent 15 5 10 30 Percentage 50% 17% 33% 100

The above Table shows that a majority (50%) number of respondents have Nuclear family .There after comes (33%) belongs to extended family .And the least (17%) have Joint Family pattern. Table -5.6 Distribution of respondents as per their migrated year Migrated year 9 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 30 Total Male 7 8 3 18 Female 4 6 2 12 Total 11 14 5 30 Percentage 36% 47% 17% 100

The above Table signifies that out of the total respondents have migrated to this place ar 10 to 20 years of their age . And only (17%) 5 respondents (36%) 11
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,respondents leaved their original place & come to this slum ,when they were at 9 to 10 years of age. Table -5.7 Distribution of the respondents as per their migrated district. Migrated district Puri Cuttack B.B.S.R Andhra Pradesh Balesore Ganjam Dhenkanal Bhadrak Bhuban Total No. Of respondent 7 6 3 2 4 2 1 2 3 30 Percentage 23% 20% 10% 0.o6% 0.13% 0.06% 0.03% 0.06% 10% 100

The above Table shows, that a majority of the respondents (23) 7 respondents had migrated from puri district. 6((20%) respondents had migrated from Cuttack district. From Andhara Pradesh (0.06%) of respondents had migrated,& the remaining respondents had migrated from Balesore 4 (0.13%). Ganjam (0.06%), Dhenkanal 1(0.03%),Bhadrak 2(0.06),& finally from Bhuban 3 (10%).

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Table -5 -8 Distribution of respondents as per their reasons for migrants. Reason Food Get Employment Better than native place Due to poverty Total No. of Respondents 6 9 4 11 30 Percentage 20% 30% 13% 37% 100%

The above Table reflects the majority of the respondents (37%) had migrated from their native place due to poverty. 9(30%) of respondents had migrated in search of Employment, For food 6(20%) of the respondents migrated & for the various advantages of city life 4(13%) had migrated from their native place. Table -5-9 Distribution of the respondents as per their availability of rooms in their house. Rooms 1 2 3 4 Total No. of respondent 9 12 6 3 30 Percentage 30% 40% 20% 10% 100%

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The above Table shows that 9(30%) of the respondents were living in single room. And 12(40%) of respondents were living in houses with 2 rooms, remaining 6(20%) of respondents were living in the houses of 3 rooms & lastly 3(10%) of the respondents were living in houses of 3 rooms. Table -5.10 Table showing the provison of Toilets in households. Response Yes No Total No. of respondent 9 21 30 Percentages 30% 70% 100%

The Table shows that majority of the respondents do not have their toilet facilities, & only 9(30%) of the respondents have toilet facilities in their house.

Table -5.11 Table showing alternatives of toilet. Place Open place Common toilet Total Respondent 20 10% 30 Percentage 67% 33% 100%

Table 5.11 reflects that 20 (67%) of respondents used the open space for toilet & remaining 10(30%) of respondents were using the common toilets.
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Table 5.12 Table showing electric facilities in the respondent house holds. Electricity Yes No Total Respondent 11 19 30 Percentage 37% 63% 100%

The above Table shows that majority respondents (63%) have no electricity facilities & only (33%) of the respondents have electricity facilities in their

households. Economic Status:

Distribution of respondents as per their Traditional & Current occupation. Table -5.13(a) Table -5 .13(b)

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Table-13.(a) Traditional Occupation Agriculture Collecting Forest product Small business Artisans Total 3 30 10% 100% Driver Manson Any other Total 7 23% Labor 20 0 67% 0% Respondents Per/% Current

Table-13.(b) Respondents Per/%

occupation Cultivation 0 Agriculture 0 0% 0%

16

53%

8 4 2 30

27% 13% 0.6% 100%

The Table 5-13.(a) signifies that most of the respondents 67% Traditional occupation was Agriculture. Thereafter comes small business which constitutes 23% of the total respondents, only 10% of the respondents were artisan in their past. But no one s traditional occupation was collecting forest products. The Table 5-13.(b) reflects that majority of the respondent s 53% Current occupation is Labour(Daily).Remaining 27% of the respondent s occupation is Driver, & 13% of respondent s current occupation is Manson, rest only 0.06% of the respondents do other occupation like, petty shopkeeper & painter.
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Table -5-14 Annual income

Annual income 10, 000 to 20,000 20,000 to 30,000 30,000 to 40,000 40,000 to 50,000 50,000 & above Total

No.of respondent 3 7 12 6 2 30

Percentage 10% 23% 40% 20% 0.06% 100%

The above Table depicts that 40% of the respondents annual income was,30,000 to 40,000.The second highest annual income is between 20,000 to 30,000 which constitutes (23%) of the respondents,6(29%) of the respondents annual income was 40,000 to 50,000.And the remaining 3(10%

) & 2(0.06%) of the annual income was 10,000 to 20,000 & 50,000 & above respectively. Table -5.15 Table showing the B.B.L cards of the respondents B.P.L CARDS Yes No Total No, of respondents 21 9 30 Percentage 70% 30% 100%

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The above Table shows the distribution of respondents as per the B.P.L CARDS. The majority (70%) of the respondents have their B.B.L cards & only (30%) of them have not get B.P.L card yet. Table -5.16

Distribution of respondent as their monthly income.

Monthly income 0-1,000 1,000-2,000 2,000-3,000 3,000-4,000 4,ooo-above Total

No.of respondent 5 5 10 6 4 30

Percentage 17% 17% 33% 20% 13% 100%

The (33%)

above

Table

signifies

that

majority

of the respondent s

monthly income was 2,000-3,000 ,respondents

whose monthly income was 3,000-4,000 constitutes (20%),only (13%) of the respondents monthly income was 4,000 & above. Remaining 10 respondents monthly income was 0-1,000 & to1,000-2,000 .

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Table -5.17 Table showing different types of assets of the respondent

Types of Assets Cycle Motor cycle T.V Radio Tap recorder Total

Respondent 10 3 6 8 3 30

Percentage 33% 10% 20% 27% 10% 100%

From the above Table , we came to know ,that (33%) of the respondent have cycle. 8(27%) 0f the respondents have Radio in their house, in case of T.V it is 6(20%) of the respondents, only 3(10%) of the respondent have Motor cycle & another 3(10%) of respondents have Taprecoder. Table -5.18 Distribution of respondent as per their own house or rented house. Home Own house Rented house Total Respondent 19 11 30 Percentage 63% 37% 100%

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The above table shows , that 19(63%) of the respondents have their own house & only 11(37%) of the respondents have take rented house. Table -5.19 Showing distribution of respondents as per their women support economically. Response Yes No Total Respondent 24 6 30 Percentage 80% 20% 100%

The above Table reflects that majority (80%) of respondents says women support economically in their family & 20% of the respondents says that no women do not support economical for the family. Table -5.20 Table showing the category of work of women.

Category of work Maid servant Agarbati making S.H.G & Tailoring Nothing Total

Respondent 11 5 8 6 30

Percentage 37% 17% 27% 20% 100%

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The Table -5.20 shows about the categorical of women work for economicall support . Majority (37%) of women are Maid servant, remaining (27%) are doing S.H.G. (20%) of the women support their family income by Agarbati making,& only 6(20%) of the women do nothing (house wife). Table -5.21(a) Showing distribution of respondents as per the loans taken. Responses Yes No Total Respondent 22 8 30 Percentage 73% 27% 100%

Table -5.21(b) Sources of Loan

Sources World vision Money lender Other Total

People 10 8 4 22

Percentage 33% 27% 13% 73%

The above Table shows that 10(33%) 0f respondents have taken loan from World vision. From money lender it is 27% & from various other sources it constitutes only 13% of the total respondents. Notes: Other source , Friend, Neighbors ,Relative etc.
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Table -5.21(c) Amount of Loan taken & its Interest rate. Sources World vision Money lender Other Total People 9 11 2 22 Percentage 30% 37% 0.06% 37.06 Amount 3000 3,000 -6,000 6,000 -8,000 Interest rate 28% 42% 12%

The Table -5.21(c) reflects , that a majority (30%) of the respondents have taken their loan from world vision at a interest of 28%. 11(37%) of the respondents have taken loan from Money lender at a interest rate of 42%. Remaining o.o6% of the respondents have taken the help of various other sources at a rate of 12% interest.

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Anti social Behaviors of Slum Dwellers. Table -5.22 Table showing the slum dwellers perception regarding their Anti social behavours.

Responses Frequently Rarely When there is a need No they do not involve Total

Responses 4 8 12 6 30

Percentage 13% 27% 40% 20% 100%

The above Table signifies that , majority (40%) of the respondents believes that, when there is a need ,the slum dwellers indulge in A.S.B. 8(27%) respondents believes that ,it is rarely they practices A.S.B. Only (13%) of the respondents says that they frequently practice A.S.B. . Some of the respondents says that, the do not practices A.S.B..

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Table -5.23 Types of Anti Social Activities of slum dwellers, according to their perception.

Types of A.S.B Black marketing Pick-pocketing Prostitution Other forms

Respondents 7 5 8 4

Perception 23% 17% 27% 13% 20%

No they do not practice 6 any A.S.B Total 30

100%

Table- 5.23 depicts , that 8(23%) of the respondents says that it is Black marketing which slum dwellers usually do. some respondents have the view that, it is prostitutions (27%) ,also 20% of the respondents believes that slum dwellers do not involve in A.S.B. Pick-poketing constitutes 17% & other forms of A.S.B holds 13% of the total respondent s perception.

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Table -5.24 Table showing the age group of the people who involve in A.S.B

Age group Adult Teen age (upto 18) Total

Respondent 21 9 30

Percentage 70% 30% 100%

The above Table shows that , majority (70%) of respondents have an opinion that it is Adult person who involved more in A.S.B ,& only (30%) of the respondents thinks that it is the Teen age group ,who indulge themselves more in A.S.B. Table -5.25 Table showing the various factors responsible for A.S.B of the slum dwellers according to their perception

Factor responsible Low income Limited occupation Environment of choice

Response 9 of 5

Percentage 30% 17%

slum 4

13%

(peer pressure, impact of parents,impact of their

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society ) Their situation compels 13 them(due to their 43%

situational needs,demand driven) Total 30 100%

The above Table ,throws light on, that 13(43%) of the respondents were of the opinion that ,it is their situation which compels them to practice A.S.B. 9(30%) of the respondents believes that it is their low income for which they indulge themselves in A.S.B. Due to limited choice of occupation (17%) the involves in A.S.B. & some respondents (13%) says that it is their environmental factor which plays a crucial role in their various behaviors. Table -5.26 Table showing the perception of slum dwellers regarding the consequences of A.S.B Perception Positive Negative Total Respondent 13 17 30 Percentage 43% 57% 100%

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Table -5.27 reflects that 13(43%) of the respondents believes that , A.S.B produce positive results, while 17(57%) of the respondents were of the opinion that A.S.B produces negative output. Table -5.28 Table showing the various advantages they get through A.S.B , according to their perceptions Advantages Increases income Without much Investment Within short span of time Total 5 13 0.16% 20.22% Respondent 6 2 Percentage 20% 0.06%

From the above Table , we came to know that 6(20%) of the respondents believes that, in order to increase income slum dwellers involves in A.S.B. To earn in a very short span of time also compels them to indulge in A.S.B 5(0.16%%).According to 2(0.06%) of respondents ,they believes that through Anti social activities,income can be generated without much investment.

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Table -5.29 Table showing the various disadvantages the slum dwellers are facing due to A.S.B, according to their perception.

Disadvantages Caught by police Litigation expenses

Respondents 8 6

Percentages 26% 20% 10% 46 %

Bad impact upon children 3 Total 17

Table -5.29 shows ,that 8 (26%) of the respondent were of the opinion ,that due to A.S.B, person may be caught by police. 6(20%) of the respondents believes that because of A.S.B ,unnecessary litigation expenses will have to bear. Also some of the respondents were of the opinion that, due to the A.S. B. of the parents a very bad impact will be realized by their children. 5. Major findings & conclusion. y Majority of the respondents (slum dwellers) are illiterate (60%). y 53% of the respondent s current occupation is Labour. y 40% of the respondents Annual income was between 30,000 -40,000. y Majority (73%) of the slum dwellers has taken loan, both from formal & informal institution. y 40% of the respondents perception regarding the cause of A.S.B, is When there is a need, people go for it. y 20% of the respondents believes that, slum people never involves in A.S.B.
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y According to slum dwellers perception, Prostitution (27%) & Black marketing (23%)are the most common A.S.B of them. y Majority of the slum dwellers (43%) believes that it is their situation which compels them to indulge in A.S.B. y 30% of the respondents believes that, due to their low income, slum people engaged themselves in A.S.B. y 57% of the respondents thinks that through Anti social activities they get positive output. y Various advantages from A.S.B, according to their perception are; increase money, without much investment money can be generated, With a short span of time money can be gained. y 43% of the respondents are of the opinion that due to A.S.B, various negative results have to face. y The various disadvantages of A.S.B ,according to the slum people are; Person may be caught by the police, unnecessary litigation charges has to bear, & it may have a negative impact upon their children. Conclusions: From this research study we came to know, that it is the need of the slum dwellers that force them to indulge in A.S.B. Also the situation plays a great role in their behavior & personality. Their Environment too plays a great role in this regard. Due to their limited choice of occupation which also tends themselves to practice in unfair means of livelihood. According to the slum dwellers the various common A.S.B of the slum People are ; Black marketing, Prostitution, Pickpoketing, etc. Slum dwellers really faces a adverse impact of A.S.B upon their life ,family members, themselves & it also poses a great great threat to the Nation itself.In
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this 21st century Urbanizations would take it own place & growth, but simultaneously we have to look also the darker side of the Urbanization s effect on the common people Suggestion for checking A.S B by the respondents: y Enough Employment opportunity should be given to them. y Proper Assistance should be provided to them, in order to lead a healthy social life. y Housing & sanitary condition should be improve to at least the minimum level. y More number of plans & policies should be implemented, for their uplipghtment in society. y According to a slum dweller Ghasi das if our belly will remain

empty, our children will cry for food, then what ultimately we will do. So if we get the minimum neseccity of life than automatically many deviant behaviors of ours will changed to a significant way . Suggestion by the Researcher: y SOCIALISATION process should be effectively imparted to the slum people. So that from the very childhood the personality of the slum children will be well groomed. y A revolution of education should has to spread across in the slum areas. At least a minimum level of slum people should get the opportunity to complete their Primary Education.

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Vocational Training & skill should be imparted to the slum dwellers , so that they can earn their livelihood in a Sustainable & Socially acceptable manner.

y Punishment strategy should follow the REFORMATIVE PRINCIPLE. It should not focus on the PUNITIVE Form of Punishment. y It should be taken due consideration that HARDCORE PUNISHMENT can never produce effective & desired results. y Reformative punishment should be given to the slum deviants. y Concept like Open Prison should be popularized. Bibliography:
y Preventing Anti-social Behavior , Interventions from birth through adolescence.

Guilford publication. By Joan Mc Cord,Richard Emest Tremblay. y Adolescents at risk of persistent Anti-social Behaviour & Alchohol problems. The role of behavior ,personality & biological factors .Stockholm University;publishers By Jenny M E klund. y y y y y Criminology ,Rjashthan University.By Ram Ahuja. Social problems & social Disorganization in india Indian social problem By Ram Ahuja. Criminology By Don c.Gibbons. Preventing Antisocial Behavior: Interventions from Birth Through Adolescence By Joan Mc Cord, Richard Ernest Tremblay Guilford Publications . y Adolescents at Risk of Persistent Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol Problems: The Role of Behavior, Personality and Biological Factors (Health Equity Study) Stockholm University By Jenny M Eklund. By Mamoria C.B.

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Questionnaire Schedule: (a)Personal profile: 1. Name of the respondent 2. Age of the respondent 3.What is the structure of your family? a.Nuclear b.Joint c.Extended 4. Do you married? a. Yes b.No

4.How many children do you have? a.1-2 b.3-5 c.above

5.Do you sent your children to the school? a.Yes b.No

6.If not,than what did your children do? A.stay in house. b.child labour. c.ragpickers. D.any other factor, specify. 7. What is your educational status? a.Illiterate b.class 1 to 4 c.class 6th to 8th d.Metric

E.Higher secondary & above.

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(b)Economic profile: 1. What was your traditional occupation? a.agriculture B.collecting forest product c.small business d.artisian 2. What is your current occupation? a. Cultivation d.driver specify. b.agriculture e.manson c.labour f. any other,

3.What is your annual income? a.10,000-20,000 d.40,000-50,000 4.Monthly income? 5.Do you have any of the following assets? a.cycle b.motor cycle c.T.V d.Tape recorder e.any other b.20,000-30,000 e.50,000 & above c.30,000-40,000

6.Do you have any livestock?yes/no If yes a.Goat b.Hen c.cow d.any other 7.Do you have own house or rented house ? 8.Do your female member support economically?yes/no If yes, how a. b. c. d.

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9.Do you have taken loan? Yes/No Source If yes , how much Rate of interest .

Anti social behavior of slum dwellers:

1. Slum people are poor; they do not have access to a healthy life .People believe that due to ignorance & poverty slum people are engaged in some anti social activities. Do you agree? Yes/no If yes, how often? a.frequently b.rarely c.when need is there 2.If you think that , they involve in such activity ,what type of often they do ? a.black marketing b.kidnapping c.rape d.murder e .any other form, specify 3.What is the common age of the people, who practices such kind of behavior/activities.? a.adult man b.teen age group
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4.According to you ,what are the various factors which are responsible for involving in such kind of activities? a.low income b.no choice of alternative income source c.environment of slum. d.situation compels them 5.How do you rate the above mentioned 4 factors ,out of 10 6. Parents have a great impact upon the children s personality. Do you agree with this statement Yes/no 7. If the parents are frequently involve in anti social activities, then children too accept this practices & indulge themselves in their latter age . Do you agree with this statement? Yes/No 8. Proper care & guidance s to a child from the very childhood, shapes his/her personality ,image ,behavior & makes them a responsible citizen of the state in future . Do you accept this statement? Yes/No 9.What do you think about the consequences of such anti social activities of the slum dwellers. a. positive b. negative

10.If positive, than how? 11.If negative,than how? 12.Do you have any remedial measures for checking this kind of behavior/activities of the slum dwellers? If yes ,please give.
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