AHSANULLAH University Of Science & & TECHNOLOGY Ahsanullah UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE Technology

Subject Name:Textile Testing & Quality Control-I Subject Code: Tex 211

ASSIGNMENT
Submitted By Group : 02

Subject Name: Textile Testing & Quality Control-I Subject Code: Tex 211

Roll: 09.02.06.016 to 09.02.06.032 2nd year , 2nd semester Section: A Department Of Textile Technology

2011

SUBMISSION DATE : 5/16/2011

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Factors Affecting The Regain Of Textile Materials:

Relative humidity(R.H):
Relative humidity is the main factor which affects the moisture regain . Relative humidity is a measurement of the amount of water vapor in a mixture of air and water vapor. It is most commonly defined as the partial pressure of water vapor in the airwater mixture, given as a percentage of the saturated vapor pressure under those conditions. Regain of the fibres increases rapidly at low humidities followed by an almost linear portion and then a more rapid rise at high humidities. This can be seen in the absorption curves of fibres which is given below ,

Fig: Absorption curves The following points should be noted with regard to absorption curves.
1.

The general shape of the curves for all the fibres are S shaped except for acetate rayon. In the acetate molecule, the -OH groups of cellulose which attract water are replaced by the acetyl (CH 3 COO-) groups which are relatively inert and do not attract water rapidly. There is no sharp increase at the lower end of the curve.

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2.

Wool has a regain curve close to that of viscose rayon, but of slighly different shape. Different results appear for various wools, depending on the previous history of the material tested.

3.

The low absorption properties of the synthetic fibre, nylon is one of the reasons for the difficulties of dyeing and finishing such material.

4.

The intermediate position of cotton between wool and viscose and the synthetics.

Silk has a regain intermediate between cotton and wool.

Time:
A material placed in a given atmosphere takes a certain amount of time to reach equilibrium. The 'rate of conditioning' depends on several factors, such as the size and form of the sample, the material, external conditions, etc . Suppose two samples of the same material were taken into a given atmosphere, one completely wet and the other dry, and at intervals of time the regain values for each were determined. By plotting the regain against time for both samples two curves would be obtained something like those in the following figure,

Fig: Regain-Time curve

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The regain changes fairly quickly at first and then more slowly as equilibrium conditions are approached. One might expect that the two curves would meet, but curiously enough the equilibrium regain values differ. The sample which was originally wet has a higher regain value than the other, an effect known as 'hysteresis' . Hysteresis refers to systems that may exhibit path dependence, or "rateindependent memory".[1] In a deterministic system with no dynamics or hysteresis, it is possible to predict the system's output at an instant in time given only its input at that instant in time. The behaviour of textile. materials can be studied from the curves produced by plotting regain against relative humidity in the following figure .

Fig: Absorption-Desorption curves

Curve A is t' e absorption curve, that is, the regainr.h. percentage relation as a material takes up moisture. Curve D is the desorption curve. These curves have a.characteristic sigmoid or `S' shape, It should be noted that the desorption curve does not follow back the absorption curve. For instance, point b is the equilibrium condition at 65 per cent r.h. when approached from the wet side, and point a is the equilibrium regain when approached from the dry side; this is the hysteresis effect-mentioned earlier. A sample which absorbed moisture up to point c would, if the

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atmosphere became drier, follow an intermediate course from curve A to curve D. Similarly, a whole family of curves could be drawn to illustrate varying conditions .

The previous history of the sample:

The previous history of the sample, wet or dry, can affect the equilibrium regain. The hysteresis effect is a good example. Processing can also change the regain. When oils, waxes, and other impurities are removed the regain may change. The official regain for scoured wool is 16 per cent and for oil-combed tops 19 per cent as shown in the table.

In the study of regain values the physical and chemical history of the materials must therefore be taken into account .

Temperature:
For practical purposes the effect of temperature on regain is not important, it is the relative humidity which plays the major role. The curves of regain against RH depend to

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a slight extent on temperature . Except at high temperatures and humidities , the regains decreases as the temperature increases . A change of 10 C will give a change in the regain of cotton of about 0.3 per cent, but since it is unlikely that the testing room temperature will ever be 10 or 30 C this eff ect can be ignored.

Type of textile material :

Different fibres have different moisture regain . For example , silk has regain of 11% & nylon has only 4% regain , The form of material is also important incase of regain . The wool and viscose rayon show similar absorption and nylon shows lower absorption property . It can be seen in the following graph ,

Fig : Different Moisture Regain of different fibres It is clearly seen here that,cotton is intermediate between protein fibre(Wool) and synthetic fibre(Nylon) in terms of moisture regain .It happens due to different physical properties of different fibres .