FUUAST ISLAMABAD

Submitted to:Mam Asma Nazir

Submitted by:Usman Zulfiqar Ali

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Mam Asma Nazir

Usman Zulfiqar Ali

Executive Summary
Fashion, a general term for a currently popular style or practice, especially in clothing, foot wear or accessories. Fashion references to anything that is the current trend in look and dress up of a person. The more technical term, costume, has become so linked in the public eye with the term "fashion" that the more general term "costume" has in popular use mostly been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term "fashion" means clothing generally, and the study of it. According to the Global Language Monitor, New York City came in first for five consecutive years; yet in 2009, it was beaten by Milan, Italy, before reclaiming the title of top fashion capital for the medias in 2010. An important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines and commentary can be found in magazines, newspapers, on television, fashion websites, social networks and in fashion blogs. Fashion of the 21 st Century is used to express one s self. Many people use their clothes to express a mood, feeling, attitude or way of life. Islam allows fashion but in certain limits. This should not be a point of conflict that there should be no limitations. Every field has certain limitations. Islam is not against fashion because fashion in reality is to make better and better, that is why it is adopted and on the other hand, Islam also guides to improve us, to be up-to-date so we can better compete others. The point is simple that not to apply fashion just in terms of clothing. At this point we take a stand that it is our right. If fashion is our right, then why just to apply it at only one sector? Why not to apply it in every field like medicine, technology, welfare? Apply it everywhere. We criticize Islam only due to the reason that it limits us and teaches us how to live in a civilized society.

Definition:Fashion, a general term for a currently popular style or practice, especially in clothing, foot wear or accessories. Fashion references to anything that is the current trend in look and dress up of a person. The more technical term, costume, has become so linked in the public eye with the term "fashion" that the more general term "costume" has in popular use mostly been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term "fashion" means clothing generally, and the study of it.

Main Cities in fashion

According to the Global Language Monitor, New York City came in first for five consecutive years; yet in 2009, it was beaten by Milan, Italy, before reclaiming the title of top fashion capital for the medias in 2010.

Despite the fact that the fashion of these two cities concentrates more on economic and media success, rather than beauty and elegance, both these cities have longstanding traditions of excellence and creativity in design. Milanese fashion is regarded as being practical, but sophisticated at the same time, concentrating more on ready-to-wear clothes, rather than haute couture.

This applies similarly to New York City. Paris is considered as the symbolic fashion capital due to its long standing history as center of art and fashion, and being home to several highly prestigious and powerful fashion houses. Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Dior etc...Paris and London are perhaps best known for the prestige and elegance of their fashion designs, rather than for their practicality and economic success. (London-based fashion designs are known for their extravagant quirkiness, while Parisian designs are regarded for their elegant,refined and chic formal nature).However, both cities also have upscale haute couture and high fashion shopping districts.

 The other main centers of fashion in the world are y Hong Kong

y y y y y y y y y

Los Angeles Rome Sydney Tokyo Barcelona Las Vegas Toronto Shanghai Dubai

 In recent years, however, the importance of the fashion industry has grown in many other cities around the globe, such as:y Chicago, y So Paulo y Sydney.

Fashion Capitals Rankings (2010)

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 City Milan Tokyo London Paris Los Angeles New York Sydney Miami Barcelona Madrid Melbourne Shanghai Sao Paulo Hong Kong Singapore Las Vegas Amsterdam Berlin Rio de Janeiro Moscow Dubai Rome Cape Town Buenos Aires Johannesburg Prague Region Southern Europe East Asia Western Europe Western Europe Western United States North Eastern United States Oceania Southern United States Southern Europe Southern Europe Oceania East Asia Latin America East Asia Southeast Asia Western United States Western Europe Western Europe Latin America Eastern Europe Middle East Southern Europe Africa Latin America Southern Africa Eastern Europe

Clothing fashions

Early Western travelers, whether to Persia, Turkey or China frequently remark on the absence of changes in fashion there, and observers from these other cultures comment on the unseemly pace of Western fashion, which many felt suggested an instability and lack of order in Western culture. The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years. However in Ming China, for example, there is considerable evidence for rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing. Changes in costume often took place at times of economic or social change (such as in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate), but then a long period without major changes followed. This occurred in Moorish Spain from the 8th century, when the famous musician Ziryab introduced sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal and daily timings from his native Baghdad and his own inspiration to Crdoba in Al-Andalus.

Similar changes in fashion occurred in the Middle East from the 11th century, following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.

The beginnings of the habit in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated to the middle of the 14th century, to which historians including James Laver and Fernand Braudel date the start of Western fashion in clothing.

The most dramatic manifestation was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment, from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks, sometimes accompanied with stuffing on the chest to look bigger. This created the distinctive Western male outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers.

The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women and men's fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex and changing. Art historians are therefore able to use fashion in dating images with increasing confidence and precision, often within five years in the case of 15th century images. Initially changes in fashion led to a fragmentation of what had previously been very similar styles of dressing across the upper classes of Europe, and the development of distinctive national styles.

These remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, mostly originating from Ancien Rgime France. Though the rich usually led fashion, the increasing affluence of early modern Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance sometimes uncomfortably close for the elites a factor Braudel regards as one of the main motors of changing fashion.

Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats, and at this period national differences were at their most pronounced, as Albrecht Drer recorded in his actual or composite contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right).

The "Spanish style" of the end of the century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid 17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.

Though colors and patterns of textiles changed from year to year, the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut changed more slowly. Men's fashions largely derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette are galvanized in theatres of European war, where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of foreign styles: an example is the "Steinkirk" cravat or necktie.

The pace of change picked up in the 1780s with the increased publication of French engravings that showed the latest Paris styles; though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France as patterns since the 16th century, and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion from the 1620s. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike (or thought they were): local variation became first a sign of provincial culture, and then a badge of the conservative peasant.

Fashion industry
The fashion industry is a product of the modern age. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.

Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, today it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide. For example, an American fashion company might source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the United States for distribution to retail outlets internationally. The fashion industry has long been one of the largest employers in the United States, and it remains so in the 21st century. However, employment declined considerably as production increasingly moved overseas, especially to China.

Because data on the fashion industry typically are reported for national economies and expressed in terms of the industry s many separate sectors, aggregate figures for world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However, by any measure, the industry accounts for a significant share of world economic output.

The fashion industry consists of four levels: the production of raw materials, principally fibres and textiles but also leather and fur; the production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others; retail sales; and various forms of advertising and promotion. These levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors, all of which are devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.

Role of media in fashion

An important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines and commentary can be found in magazines, newspapers, on television, fashion websites, social networks and in fashion blogs. At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential on people than in the past.

In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public clothing taste. Talented illustrators drew exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty. Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).

Vogue, founded in the US in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after World War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap colour printing in the 1960s led to a huge boost in its sales, and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream women's magazines followed by men's magazines from the 1990s. Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting the ready-to-wear and perfume lines, heavily advertised in the magazines, that now dwarf their original couture businesses. Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashion features.

In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows like Fashiontelevision started to appear. Despite television and increasing internet coverage, including fashion blogs, press coverage remains the most important form of publicity in the eyes of the fashion industry.

However, over the past several years, fashion websites have developed that merge traditional editorial writing with user-generated content. Online magazines like iFashion Network, and Runway Magazine, led by Nole Marin from America's Next Top Model, have begun to dominate the market with digital copies for computers, iPhones and iPads.

A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a close, The New Islander's Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers. "Because designers release their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue always and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on shorts in January," she writes. "Savvy shoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying."

Ethnic Fashion is defined as the Fashion of Multicultural groups such as AfricanAmerican, Hispanics, Asians, etc. Examples of Ethnic Designer are FUBU, BabyPhat, FatFarm, Sean John, Etc. It is estimated that Ethnic Fashion has contributed over 20 Billion dollars in revenues.

Fashion in 21 century
Fashion of the 21 st Century is used to express one s self. Many people use their clothes to express a mood, feeling, attitude or way of life. The fashion of the time is eccentric and makes a statement. Clothing and accessories are both ways that men, women and children show where they came from and how they were raised. Fashion of the century is used to tell a story and helps people express themselves.

Mens Trends
Day cloths
Traditional men s day clothes are very casual. For hotter weather, men would be wearing either khaki or cargo shorts and a t-shirt or polo. For colder weather, men typically wear sweatpants, khaki pants or jeans and a sweatshirt or long sleeved shirt.

Night cloths
Night clothes for men can be a combination of either jeans, khakis, dress pants or suit pants, and a blouse, polo, nice shirt, jacket, or suit jacket.

Athletic Wear
Mens athletic wear typically includes mesh shorts and a t-shirt or cut off tee. This outfit is worn to work out and is effective because it makes working out easier because of the thinner clothing. The shoes worn are sneakers.

Shoes

Men s shoes include sneakers, loafers, dress shoes and sandals primarily.

Womens Trends

Day Clothes
Women s day clothes vary largely depending on the woman. During the summer, woman typically dress in jean or khaki shorts and either a t-shirt or knit top that is comfortable in the heat. Women can also be seen in casual dresses and skirts. In the winter, women mostly wear jean or khaki pants with a top and a sweater. Sometimes it is very similar to summer attire except that pants are worn instead of shorts and a sweater is normally worn to keep the woman warm.

Night Clothes...
Night clothes for women include dresses, skirts, blouses and other nice shirts, dress pants and a nice pair of shoes to top it all off.

Workout Clothes...
Women s workout clothes typically include yoga pants and tight jackets or, biking shorts or spandex and a t-shirt.

Accessories
Women s accessories of this century are all about bling . Popular accessories include big earrings or studs, chunky bracelets and necklaces and rings.

Shoes
Women s shoes typically include sandals, fashion sneakers, nice and casual boots, heals, and Sperry s.

Fashion according to Islam

The concept for fashion in Islam or we can say the space for fashion in Islam is controversial. As, from the topic of the article we can see clearly that it is a big problem for an illiterate individual from point of view of religious knowledge to understand whether fashion and Islamic ideology about clothing are two different concepts or they can be interrelated. Most of our religious scholars say that Islam is a simple religion and it does not allow any fashion but recommend simple and plain clothing. On the other hand the modern world, full of fashion and design is of the view that no natural religion can restrict a person from his rights and it s the right of a person to be upto-date. So, now what to do in this case??? The basic flaw that I got behind this conflict is lack of knowledge and lack of ability to apply that knowledge in a perfect way. What do we mean when we say the word fashion ? We generally mean it as wearing trendy clothes and being up-to-date in respect of costumes. So, by and large most of us relate fashion with clothing and one s appearance. Most of us in fact don t know what fashion in real terms mean and how much broader areas it covers beyond what we think it is.

According to Oxford Dictionary the word fashion means make, style, shape, pattern, manner, whatever is in usage for a time being.

Most of us take the meaning of fashion as a trend which is IN now-a-days but unfortunately the concept is incorrect. First of all there is a need to redefine the term fashion . Fashion is not restricted to one area of life i.e. costume or appearance but it has a very wide applicability in almost every field of life like architecture, arts, dance, style of speech, economic trends, management, politics, medical etc. so, we can easily say that fashion are social phenomena common to many fields of human activity and thinking or in other words we can define it as styles and customs prevalent at a given time (not current time). So, by the above discussion, it is clear what fashion in real terms mean. Now, coming on the particular field of fashion the costume and appearance of a person. This is the most criticized field everywhere in relation to religion especially Islamic ideologies. The appearance of both men and women is questionable. The main point is to see both, the fashion and Islamic teachings, from one angle. Fashion in real meanings is not to wear trendy, expensive and attractive clothes. Fashion is a style, it s a make, and it s an appearance. So, what so ever one is wearing must suit him. Fashion is not to wear what others wear. Just the theme is to wear anything that perfectly suits and match the personality of the wearer. Take fashion from this angle and relate it with Islamic ideologies. Islam does not restrict anyone to wear good clothes. What it restricts, is not to wear such clothes that do not cover the body in a decent way.

If we think positively, we all know that such small and so called trendy clothes infact not suit anyone but is a symbol to make oneself different in mob. The

reason to wear stupid clothes like baggies and small t-shirts is just to make one different, just to satisfy one own self that everyone is looking at him regardless of the remarks that are being passed on him. If one wears decent clothes, Islam does not stop him on doing this. Demand of Islam is not to wear clumsy clothes but if we study, we will come to know that Islam is very strict for cleanliness especially in clothing. Islam allows fashion but in certain limits. This should not be a point of conflict that there should be no limitations. Every field has certain limitations. Socially we all are bound for it. Why laws are made??? They are to enforce such limits. As it is a fact that Islam is a complete ideology of life so it guides us in every field. It has limited us in fashion too. It has been done for the welfare of society. We all are well aware of the pros and cons of the most hi-tech fashionable societies . So, Islam is not against fashion because fashion in reality is to make better and better, that is why it is adopted and on the other hand, Islam also guides to improve us, to be up-to-date so we can better compete others. The point is simple that not to apply fashion just in terms of clothing.

At this point we take a stand that it is our right. If fashion is our right, then why just to apply it at only one sector? Why not to apply it in every field like medicine, technology, welfare? Apply it everywhere. We criticize Islam only due to the reason that it limits us and teaches us how to live in a civilized society