Power Capacitor

20 January 2005 Vishay ESTA - Low Voltage Capacitors - Training for Suzlon 1
Vishay ESTA
Welcome To
Vishay ESTA
Power Capacitors Division
Training for Suzlon Team
Pondicherry
20
th
January 2005
Vishay ESTA
ESTA AC Capacitors
in cylindrical aluminium casings
have been designed especially
for Power Factor Correction in
heavy duty applications
such as
wind turbine plants
Vishay ESTA
Required capacitor output for Power Factor Correction
Output, Capacitance & Current of Capacitors
Standards for Low Voltage (LV) Capacitors
Life Expectancy
ESTA LV Tubular Can Type Capacitors, MKP-Technology
Installation, Operating and Maintenance Instructions
Supplied Types
Table of Contents
Vishay ESTA
WHAT MAKES A CAPACITOR ??
ANY SEOMETRICAL ARRANSEMENT WHICH HAS FOLLOWINS
ELEMENTS MAkES A CAPACITOR
1 A DIELECTRIC MATERIAL
Z TWO CONDUCTINS PLATES (ELECTRODES)
WHICH ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE
DIELECTRIC
ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN FORM OF CHARGES CAN BE STORED &
WITHDRAWN FROM THIS DEVICE USING TERMINATION WIRES/LEAD
WIRES
CAPACITOR BASICS
Vishay ESTA
dielectric layer, dielectric layer,
thickness "d" thickness "d"
Conducting plate, Conducting plate,
area "a" area "a"
Capacitors are made using two conducting plates(electrode),
separated by an insulating (dielectric) layer
It is essential that the electrodes are in full contact with the
entire dielectric area.
CAPACITOR BASICS
Vishay ESTA
CAPACITOR BASIC
BASIC FORMULA FOR CAPACITANCE
Vishay ESTA
CAPACITOR BASIC
Pe rmi t t i vi t y
Vacuum 1. 0
Dry ai r 1. 00059
Pl ast i c fi l m 2. 0 - 3. 5
Impre gnat e d pape r 2. 5 - 6. 0
Mi ca and gl as s 4. 0 - 7. 0
Ce rami c ( s t abl e ) up t o 100
Ce rami c ( s e mi - st abl e ) up t o 1200
Al umi ni um o xi de 7 +
Tant al um o xi de 11 +
RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY
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CAPACITOR BASICS
BASIC CAPACITOR EQUATION
CAPACITANCE =
AREA (of the dielectric)
THICKNESS OF DIELECTRIC
The Thickness of the dielectric is directly related to
the voltage rating,
Vishay ESTA
ESTA LV
Tubular Can Type
Capacitors
MKP-Technology
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MKP: Metallized Polypropoylene Film
Metallization
(Electrode)
PP Film
(Isolation)
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Winding Elements
A winding element consists of
two displaced metallized polypropylene films,
wound together.
PP Film
(Isolation)
Metallization
(Electrode)
Due to the displacement, only one film (electrode)
will be electrically connected on one side of the
element.
Vishay ESTA
Electric contact of the electrodes is done by joining
each front surface of the winding elements
by means of metal spray process.
This process is called Schooping.
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Schooping is done here
Side view:
Top view:
PP-Film
Flame-sprayed
contact area
(Schooping)
Metallizing
Cut on element:
Vishay ESTA
Winding elements with schooping
Top View
Side View
Mandrel
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PP Film
Metallization
(Electrode)
TOP VIEW
Self Healing Film Technology
Decrease of capacitance per self-healing process
is less than 100pF
Evaporated Area
Breakdown
Puncture
Vishay ESTA
3-phase tubular can type capacitor:
winding elements connected in DELTA
1
2
3
1
3
2
Vishay ESTA
Low - loss, self healing MKP film technology
ALL-PHASE overpressure tear-off fuses
Safety Features of ESTA L.V. Tubular Can Type Capacitors
At the end of service life, due to inadmissable electrical
or thermal load, the active capacitor elements are totally
disconnected from the supply.
No risk of bursting capacitor.
Vishay ESTA
ALL-PHASE Overpressure Tear-Off Fuse System
Gasing caused
by a Defect
Connection Stripes
outside the winding
elements
Terminals
Overpressure
Winding
Element
Operating condition
All-Phase
Disconnection
Torn-off condition
Vishay ESTA
ESTAs L.V. tubular can type capacitors are
burstproof,
as confirmed by independent international
inspection centres such as UL and UL
c
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High pulse current withstand capability: 300 x In
Overcurrent up to 50 A
(84.4 mm diameter, oil-filled version,
at maximum 65C casing temperature)
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Deep-drawn aluminium tubular casing
64 and 84.4 mm
Highly resistant against passive inflammability.
Threaded stud M12 at the bottom for easy mounting and
grounding.
M5 screw terminal
Any mounting position
Hermetically sealed casings
Protection against moisture and oxidation.
LONG-TERM capacitance stability.
Design of ESTA L.V. Tubular Can Type Capacitors
Vishay ESTA
Stacked assembly of the winding elements
Neighboring contact areas of winding elements are
connected with the same line terminal.
No risk of high energy short circuits between line
terminals.
Same proper contact area for each winding
element to solder connections to the terminal.
Internal connection, outside the winding elements
Low thermal resistance to the capacitors surface.
No heat concentration in the winding cores.
Vishay ESTA
A = (r - r )
3
2
3
2
2
A = ( r - r )
2
2
2 1
2
Comparison between the
ESTA stacked assembly and concentric competitor design
Insulation between the windings
A =
r
2
1
1
r
1
r
2
r
3
r
1
all
contact
areas of
same
large size
smallest
contact
area
A
1
A A3
2
Advantage
for the
stacked
Vishay ESTA
Two different diameters are available
64 mm diameter
with double push-on connectors.
84 mm diameter
with M5 screw-on terminal.
These small can diameters ensure excellent
heat transfer to reduce inner temperature and
to increase life expectancy of the capacitors.
Vishay ESTA
Additional Advantage of the 84 mm cans
Cable cross sections up to 25 mm.
Overcurrent up to 50 A
(84.4 mm diameter, oil-filled version,
at maximum 65C casing temperature)
Vishay ESTA
Two different versions are available:
Oil-filled ESTAprop PhMKP
Dry version ESTAdry PhMKPg
Vishay ESTA
All oil-filled part types can also be
produced in a PhMKPg dry version.
Dimensions and ratings are unchanged.
Dry types are not standard stock items, with
production upon request.
Vishay ESTA
ESTAprop
MKP-tubular can type capacitors are filled with a
specially treated oil:
Highly fire-resisting: flash point 285C,
ignition point 315C
and ...
Vishay ESTA
There are no legal regulations regarding its destruction.
The oil can be safely disposed of along with ordinary refuse.
NON-toxic
NON-PCB
Vegetable, natural base (castor oil)
Fully biodegradable
Environmental friendly
ESTAprop
field of rape-seed
Vishay ESTA
ESTAdry
MKP-tubular can type capacitors are filled with
an inert gas:
Environmental friendly
NON-toxic
NON-PCB
Vishay ESTA
Both versions, ESTAprop and ESTAdry comply with
The highest temperature class D
(max. value of ambient temperature = 55C),
as specified by the standards.
Vishay ESTA
Its low thermal resistance provides excellent heat dissipation,
which helps to overcome very high loads.
For comparison: thermal conductivity of
castor oil: approx. 0.18 W/(mK)
gas: approx. 0.026 W/(mK)
We recommend the use of our oil-filled standard version,
especially for filter applications:
Vishay ESTA
Terminal of the 64 mm diameter casing:
Double push-on connectors.
Benefit of the
double connectors:
One connection for
the supply.
One connection for
the discharge
resistor.
Vishay ESTA
Individual connection of each
capacitor
Single connection up to
25mm cable cross section
IN-LINE connection
between two capacitors of 84
mm diameter.
(FEED-THROUGH terminal)
Terminal of the 84mm type
M5 screw-on terminal
Vishay ESTA
A flat thickfilm discharge resistor unit is prefitted to
our standard capacitor types of 84 mm diameter.
Benefits:
Connection screws are not
covered by the discharge
resistor unit.
Easy mounting and
connection to the supply by
forked terminals onto the
prefitted screws.
Discharging to 50V or less within 1 minute.
Vishay ESTA
IP20 protective covers
prevent unintentional touching of live
terminals
Proper ventilation by side slots
and additional holes in the
covers top.
Accessory
64mm
84mm
Vishay ESTA
Type No.,
corresponding
to the article No.
Lot or (Batch) No.
Jointed Flange Connection
(in German: Brdelrand)
Crimping or
Expansion Gap
(in German: Sicke)
Vishay ESTA
Installation, Operating
and Maintenance
Instructions
Vishay ESTA
Easy connection by prefitted screws
& discharge resistor:
1) to loosen each of the 3 screws
a little.
2) to come in
1
3) to fasten each of the 3 screws
again.
4) Ready.
3
1
3
(and feed through)
with forked connectors.
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
Vishay ESTA
Definition of ratings:
Ucn, rated voltage: the r.m.s. value of the alternating voltage ...
In, rated current: the r.m.s. value of the alternating current ...
Cn, rated capacitance: the capacitance value ...
... for which the capacitor has been designed.
Vishay ESTA
A) Maximum permissible current
ESTAprop MKP-type capacitors are suitable for continuous
operation at an r.m.s. line current of 1.3 times the fundamental
current that occurs at rated sinusoidal voltage and rated
frequency, excluding transients. Taking into account the
capacitance tolerances of 1.15 Cn, the maximum current can
reach 1.5 In.
These overcurrent factors are intended to take into account the
combined effects of harmonics, overvoltages and capacitance
tolerance.
Vishay ESTA
B) Maximum permissible voltage
ESTAprop MKP-type capacitors are suitable for operation at
voltage levels as indicated in the table (extract of IEC 60831 - 1
clause 20 - Table 3) below:
Vishay ESTA Maximum permissible voltage
Frequency Voltage
factor Ucn
r.m.s.
Maximum
duration
Observation
Power
frequency
1.0 Continous Highest average value
during any period of
capacitor energization.
Power
frequency
1.10 8 hours in
every
24 hours
System voltage regulation
and fluctuations
Power
Frequency
1.15 30 minutes in
every 24
hours
System voltage regulation
and fluctuations
Power
Frequency
1.20 5 minutes Voltage rise at light load
Power
Frequency
1.30 1 minute
Power
Frequency
+
Harmonics
Such that the current does not exceed the value given above.
Vishay ESTA
Maximum permissible voltage
The amplitude of the overvoltages that may be
tolerated without significant deterioration of the
capacitor depends on their duration, the number of
applications, and the capacitor temperature. It is
assumed that the overvoltages given in table 3 and
having a value higher than 1.15 Ucn occur 200
times in the life of the capacitor.
Vishay ESTA
C) Harmonic distortion
Capacitors can be overloaded in networks distorted
by harmonics. This situation is even more critical in
case of resonance. In case of resonance the
capacitor current or voltage can be a few times as
high as the nominal voltage. Therefore, special
precautions (e.g. series filter circuit reactors) should
be taken in networks distorted by harmonics. Vishay
ESTA's warranty only applies for operating
conditions in accordance with the above mentioned
standards.
Vishay ESTA
D) Damping of inrush current
Switching devices especially suited for capacitor switching
shall be used. For example, the device shall be such that
restriking during breaking operations, which may result in
high overvoltages, cannot occur.
Vishay ESTA
Damping of inrush current
High output densities and reduction of losses have resulted
in reduced resistance of modern MKP-type capacitors.
Especially switching capacitors in parallel to others being
already energized, cause very high inrush currents which
should be reduced to 100 x In. As a consequence, the life
cycle of contactors and also capacitors will be affected.
In case of detuned capacitor banks the inrush current will
partially be limited by the inductivity of the series filter
reactors.
Vishay ESTA
For capacitor banks without filter reactors, it is strongly
recommend to use capacitor contactors with series
resistors.
Vishay ESTA recommends these special contactors instead
of damping the inrush current by coiling up the connection
cable between contactor and capacitor. This is due to
superior damping behavior and reduced losses in
connecting cables, resulting in temperature reduction inside
the cubicle.
Vishay ESTA
The capacitor contactors will have to be replaced after about
100,000 switching operations.
Modern PFC controllers are able to memorize the switching
number per capacitor step.
A regular check of the contactors is strongly recommended.
Detailed information on this will be given by the contactor
supplier.
Vishay ESTA
E) Operating temperatures
Capacitors are classified for ambient temperature
categories, each category being specified by a number
followed by a letter. The number represents the lowest
ambient-air temperature at which the capacitor may be
operated.
The letters represent upper limit of operating temperature,
having maximum values specified in the table below.
ESTA PhMKP and PhMKDg -types, CAPACITORS IN
ALUMINIUM CASING are designed for category: -25 / D.
Maximum average ambient temperature over 1 year: 35C.
Vishay ESTA
Operating temperatures
Ambient temperature C
Maximum Average
over
Maximum 24 hours 1 year
A 40 30 20
B 45 35 25
C 50 40 30
D 55 45 35
Vishay ESTA
Operating temperatures
A measure for life expectancy of the capacitor is also the
max. permitted casing temperature, not to exceed 65C
(measured on top of the can).
For this temperature indicators may be used, placing on the
capacitors, about 3cm below their top.
Such self-adhesive strips will last for about 6 months before
expiration. Then they have to be replaced.
Vishay ESTA
Supplied types:
Ratings, Terminals,
Torques, Discharging
Vishay ESTA
Terminal screw-terminal M5
for max. 25mm
single cable cross section
Tightening
torque of M5
terminal
screws
2 Nm
Tightening
torque of M12
mounting stud
10 Nm
Discharge
resistor
50V within 60
sec
3 x 360k (Delta), IP00
Thickfilm technology
P
R
= 690 / 360k =
P
R
= 1.32 W/Phase
Capacitor UL/ULc approved
Article NO. Capacitance
delta
connection
Dimension
s
* H
mm
Weight
kg
5343-44522-02 3 * 55.8 F 84.4 * 340 1.9
ESTAdry PhMKPg660.3.22,90
Vishay ESTA
Un 50 Hz 60 Hz
660 V 22,90 kvar 27,48 kvar
600 V 18,90 kvar 22,70 kvar
690 V 25,00 kvar 30,00 kvar
Vishay ESTA
How to measure the decrease in capacitance?
3 U
Q
I
n

= == =
Y
2
n
2
n
C
3
U
3 C U 3 Q
= =
Due to overloading and consequent self-healing processes,
there is a decrease of capacitance over the lifetime of the
capacitor.
According to IEC 60831-1, the acceptable minus-tolerance
for units and banks is -5% of the nominal capacitance
value. Easy way to measure is by Clamp-A-meter, as there
is a linear function between output Q, capacitance (no matter,
star or delta) and nominal (fundamental) current I:
and
Vishay ESTA
How to measure the decrease in capacitance?
Un 50 Hz
fundamental In
60 Hz
fundamental In
660 V 22,90 kvar
20.03A
27,48 kvar
24.04A
600 V 18,90 kvar
18.19
22,70 kvar
21.84A
690 V 25,00 kvar
20.92A
30,00 kvar
25.10A
Make sure to
measure only
the fundamental
current and on
all three lines
separatelly.
All other parameters unchanged, deviation in % in current
is the same as in capacitance.
Vishay ESTA
How to calculate
the required
capacitor output for
Power Factor Correction
Vishay ESTA
What is Power Factor?
What is Power Factor?
AC power is transmitted with the least losses if the current is undistorted and exactly
synchronized with the voltage. Light bulbs and resistance heaters draw current exactly
synchronized and proportional to voltage, but most other loads tend to draw current with a time
lag (i.e. phase shift) or to distort it (i.e. introduce harmonics). It takes more current to deliver a
fixed amount of power when the current is phase shifted or distorted. The ratio of the actual
power transmitted (real power) to the apparent power that could have been transmitted if the
same current were in phase and undistorted is known as the power factor. It is always less than or
equal to 1.
Power Factor = Real Power / Apparent power
Vishay ESTA
Capacitive Reactance / Inductive Reactance
Effect Of Power factor Correction
Vishay ESTA
P
Q
1 Q
1
Q
c
Q
c
Q
2

2
S
2

1
S
1
Required Capacitor Output
Vishay ESTA
P: real power / W
Q
2
: reactive power after improvement / kvar
S
2
: apparent power after improvement / kVA

2
: phase angle of target power factor
cos
2
: target power factor
Q
c
: required capacitor output / kvar
Q
1
: reactive power before improvement / kvar
S
1
: apparent power before improvement / kVA

1
: phase angle of actual power factor
cos
1
: actual power factor
Vishay ESTA
Out of the gradients:
And: Qc = Q
1
- Q
2
= tan
1
Q
1
= P tan
1
Q
1
P
= tan
2
Q
2
= P tan
2
Q
2
P
Q
c
= P (tan
1
- tan
2
)
Q
c
= P (tan (cos
-1
(cos
1
)) - tan (cos
-1
(cos
2
)))
= P k
Vishay ESTA
TARGET POWER FACTOR
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00
Actual
Power Factor
0,40 1.27 1.41 1.54 1.67 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 2.09 2.29
0,45 0.96 1.10 1.23 1.36 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.69 1.78 1.98
0.50 0.71 0.85 0.98 1.11 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.44 1.53 1.73
0,55 0.50 0.64 0.77 0.90 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.32 1.52
0,60 0.31 0.45 0.58 0.71 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.13 1.33
0,65 0.15 0.29 0.42 0.55 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.97 1.17
0,70 0.00 0.14 0.27 0.40 0.54 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.82 1.02
0.75 0.00 0.13 0.26 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.88
0,80 0.00 0.13 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.55 0.75
0.85 0.00 0.14 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.42 0.62
0,90 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.28 0.48
Q
c
= P k
Values for k:
Vishay ESTA
TARGET POWER FACTOR
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00
Actual
Power Factor
0,40 1.27 1.41 1.54 1.67 1.81 1.87 1.93 2.00 2.09 2.29
0,45 0.96 1.10 1.23 1.36 1.50 1.56 1.62 1.69 1.78 1.98
0.50 0.71 0.85 0.98 1.11 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.44 1.53 1.73
0,55 0.50 0.64 0.77 0.90 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.32 1.52
0,60 0.31 0.45 0.58 0.71 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.13 1.33
0,65 0.15 0.29 0.42 0.55 0.68 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.97 1.17
0,70 0.00 0.14 0.27 0.40 0.54 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.82 1.02
0.75 0.00 0.13 0.26 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.88
0,80 0.00 0.13 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.55 0.75
0.85 0.00 0.14 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.42 0.62
0,90 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.28 0.48
The required capacitor output (Qc)may be calculated as
follows:
select the factor k
(matching point of actual and target power factor)
calculate the required capacitor rating with the
formula: Qc = k * P
Example: actual power factor = 0.70
target power factor = 0.96
real power P = 35 kW
capacitor output Qc = ?
Qc = k * P = 0.73 * 35 kW = 25.5 kVAr
Vishay ESTA
Example:
A) actual cos
1
= 0.84, target cos
2
= 0.95
How close should one come to cos = 1 (Unity)?
Q
c
0.3173 P
B) actual cos
1
= 0.95, target cos
2
= 1.00
Q
c
0.3287 P
Step B requires in addition approx. the same
capacitor output as step A!
Economical Power Factor Improvement
Vishay ESTA
Output, Capacitance
& Current of
Capacitors
Vishay ESTA
Output/Reactive Power of a Capacitor: Output/Reactive Power of a Capacitor:
In general: Active Power P = U I
active
In general: Active Power P = U I
active
Voltage U and Current I are r.m.s. values. Voltage U and Current I are r.m.s. values.
value peak : U ;
2
U
U
= value peak : I ;
2
I
I
=
In sinusoidal conditions: In sinusoidal conditions:
same definition: Reactive Power Q = U I
reactive
same definition: Reactive Power Q = U I
reactive
Vishay ESTA
Output of a 3-phase Capacitor Output of a 3-phase Capacitor
Three times the output per phase:
Q = U I
Q = U C (Ohmic Law)
Q = U I
Q = U C (Ohmic Law)
Voltage U (between phase/neutral): Voltage U (between phase/neutral):
phases. between voltage : U ;
3
U
U
n
n
=
Y
2
n
C
3
U
3 Q
=
Y
2
n
C
3
U
3 =
Y
2
n
C U =
U U
n
C
Y
Star-Connection
Vishay ESTA
Output of a 3-phase Capacitor Output of a 3-phase Capacitor
Y
2
n
2
n
C
3
U
3 C U 3 Q
= =
Delta-Connection
U
n
U
n
C

( (( ( ) )) )
2
n
C U 3 Q = == =
3
C
C
Y
=
or:
If Output is the same:
Vishay ESTA
Capacitance & Current of
Capacitors
Vishay ESTA
Measured Capacitance
does not depend on
DELTA or STAR connection
Measured Capacitance
does not depend on
DELTA or STAR connection
Vishay ESTA
Measured Capacitance on STAR connection: Measured Capacitance on STAR connection:
C-meter
C
Y
Y measured
C
2
1
C =
C
Y
Star-Connection
C-meter
Vishay ESTA
Measured Capacitance on DELTA connection: Measured Capacitance on DELTA connection:
Delta-Connection
C

measured
C
2
3
C =
C-meter C-meter
C

Y measured
C
2
1
C =
3
C
C
Y
=
Vishay ESTA
For both: For both:
Delta-Connection
C

C-meter
Y measured
C
2
1
C =
As a Result: As a Result:
C
Y
Star-Connection
C-meter
Vishay ESTA
Measured Capacitance on DELTA connection
two terminals short-circuited:
Measured Capacitance on DELTA connection
Delta-Connection
C

measured
C 2 C =
C-meter
Y measured
C
3
2
C =
3
C
C
Y
=
C-meter
C

Vishay ESTA
Measured Capacitance on STAR connection
Measured Capacitance on STAR connection
Y measured
C
3
2
C =
C
Y
Star-Connection
C-meter C-meter
C
Y
Vishay ESTA
For both: For both:
As a Result: As a Result:
Delta-Connection
C

C-meter
Star-Connection
Y measured
C
3
2
C =
C
Y
C-meter
Vishay ESTA
Discharge Resistor Value
does not depend on
DELTA or STAR connection of the capacitor
Discharge Resistor Value
does not depend on
DELTA or STAR connection of the capacitor
Vishay ESTA
Discharge Resistor Value does not depend on
DELTA or STAR
connection of the capacitor
Discharge Resistor Value does not depend on
DELTA or STAR
connection of the capacitor
R
C
n
R
C
n
n
C C =
n
Y n
C C 3 1
C 3 C C
=
= =
Vishay ESTA
As shown for the capacitance measurement
and the discharge resistor value, there is
no reason to insist on either a star or
a delta connection of the capacitor.
Both connections are equal in result.
The capacitor is just a black box, providing
the same output while operating on same
voltage and frequency.
Vishay ESTA
Capacitor output (KVAr) changes
w.r.t change in voltage and / or
frequency .
Capacitor output (KVAr) changes
w.r.t change in voltage and / or
frequency .
Vishay ESTA
Capacitor output (KVAr) in case of voltage and / or
frequency different to the rated values :
Note U
new
< U
cn
Note U
new
< U
cn
U
cn
= rated capacitor voltage (V)
f
cn
= rated capacitor frequency (Hz)
Q
cn
= rated capacitor output (KVAr) at U
cn
and f
cn
U
new
= New Supply voltage applied on the capacitor
f
new
= New frequency applied on the capacitor
Q
new
= New Capacitor output at U
new
and f
new
U
cn
= rated capacitor voltage (V)
f
cn
= rated capacitor frequency (Hz)
Q
cn
= rated capacitor output (KVAr) at U
cn
and f
cn
U
new
= New Supply voltage applied on the capacitor
f
new
= New frequency applied on the capacitor
Q
new
= New Capacitor output at U
new
and f
new
(Never Apply more than rated voltage to the Capacitor)
Vishay ESTA
Y cn
2
cn
C f 2 U Q =
) f 2 ( =
Y new
2
new new
C f 2 U Q =
cn
2
cn
cn
new
2
new
new
Y
f 2 U
Q
f 2 U
Q
C

=

=
cn
cn
2
cn
new
2
new
new
Q
f 2 U
f 2 U
Q

=
cn
cn
new
2
cn
new
Q
f
f
U
U

=
The capacitance CY (uF) of the capacitor
is a physical value & will remain unchanged,
Vishay ESTA
cn cn
cn
new
2
cn
new
new
Q
50
60
Q
f
f
U
U
Q =
=
For example:
60Hz instead of 50Hz
20%increase of the capacitor output and the current.
An additional thermal load must be taken into account.
Vishay ESTA
Phase-Current of a 3-phase capacitor: Phase-Current of a 3-phase capacitor:
Remember:
Q = 3 U I
Remember:
Q = 3 U I
I
3
U
3 Q
n
=
U U
n
C
Y
Star-Connection
I
3 U
Q
I
n
=
Vishay ESTA
Life expectancy of
Power Factor Correction
Capacitors
Vishay ESTA
Statistical life expectancy in operating hours:
The Rated Specs of Life Are
150 000 (ESTAprop)
130 000 (ESTAdry)
At Rated Temp (65 deg C) & at Rated Un / fn
Vishay ESTA
Statistical life expectancy in operating hours:
Note: service life of a capacitor
strongly depends on the operating
(i.e. casing) temperature.
Vishay ESTA
Measures to extend the Service Life:
Capacitor design (capacitor supplier)
- proper design, e.g. on slim diameters, providing
excellent heat dissipation etc.
Capacitor bank design (switch-board manufacturer)
- sufficient cooling
- usage of special capacitor contactors etc.
Environmental conditions (user)
- maintenance in general,
- replacement of contactors in time etc.
Vishay ESTA
Mean-Time-Between-Failure (MTBF)
of Vishay ESTA Low Voltage tubular
capacitors, series PhMKP/PhMKPg is
30,000,000 hours *
*) based on statistical evaluations on production numbers,
returns and information from customer's side on failures
without returns during the time interval of January 1998 till
August 2003.
Vishay ESTA
VDE 0560, part 46+47 (German)
EN 60831, part 1+2 (European)
IEC 60831, part 1+2 (International)
Standards of
Low Voltage Capacitors
Vishay ESTA
Thank You For
Your Kind Attention !
Vishay ESTA
For further questions please contact:
Vishay Electronic GmbH
Division ESTA
P.O. Box 588
D-84003 Landshut, Germany
www.vishay.com/brands/esta/main.html
Low Voltage Department
Phone: + 49 - 8 71- 86 25 79
Fax: + 49 - 8 71- 86 25 12
e-mail:josef.reindl@vishay.com

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20 January 2005 Vishay ESTA - Low Voltage Capacitors - Training for Suzlon 1

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