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APPLICATION NOTE ANP29

TM

Zeta Converter Basics based on Sipexs SP6125/6/7 controllers

Introduction A Zeta converter performs a non-inverting buck-boost function similar to that of a SEPIC, which is an acronym for Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter. The Zeta topology is also similar to the SEPIC, in that it uses two inductors, two switches and a capacitor to isolate the output from the input (see figures 1 and 2). However, Zeta conversion requires a P-Channel MOSFET as the primary switch, while SEPIC conversion uses an N-Channel MOSFET. This architecture makes Sipexs SP6125/6/7 controllers suitable for use in a Zeta topology.

Vi

M1 Cfly L2 Vo

Cin Gnd

L1

D1

Co Gnd

Figure 1- Zeta converter

Vi

L1 Cfly D1 Vo

Cin Gnd

M1

L2

Co Gnd

Figure 2- SEPIC converter

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 1 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation

Zeta Converter Waveforms When analyzing Zeta waveforms it is helpful to keep in mind that at equilibrium, L1 average current equals IIN and L2 average current equals IOUT, since there is no DC current through the flying cap CFLY. Also there is no DC voltage across either inductor. Therefore, CFLY sees ground potential at its left side and VOUT at its right side, resulting in DC voltage across CFLY being equal to VOUT. When M1 is on, L1 and L2 are energized. D1 sees a potential of VIN+VOUT across it (see figures 3, 4, and 5). When M1 is off, energy stored in L1 and L2 is released. D1 is forward biased.
Vi

IL1

- Vo +
Cfly

+ Vin L2 Vo

- Vin +

Cin

L1

IL2

Co Gnd

Gnd

Figure 3- Zeta simplified circuit diagram during MOSFET ON time

Vi

- Vo +
Cfly

- Vo +
L2 Vo

+ Vo -

Cin

L1

IL1

IL2

Co Gnd

Gnd

Figure 4- Zeta simplified circuit diagram during MOSFET OFF time

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 2 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation

Vin + Vo ON VM1 Iin + Io IM1 OFF

Vin + Vo

VD1

Iin + Io ID1

Iin ICfly Io

Iin IL1

Io IL2

Figure 5- Zeta idealized waveforms

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 3 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation

Voltage Conversion Ratio Output voltage is given by the following equation:

Vo = Vin D 1 D

Where D is duty cycle. VOUT is plotted as a function of D in figure 6. As can be seen, for D less than 0.5 the converter performs buck function and for D larger than 0.5 it is a boost topology.

5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Vout versus duty cycle (Vin = 1V)

Vout (V)

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

duty cycle

Figure 6- Output voltage versus duty cycle for VIN=1V

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 4 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation

COMPONENT SELECTION L1 Selection Select L1 for inductance L, saturation current ISAT and DC rating IDC.
Calculate inductance from:

Vin, max Vo (1) Iripple f (Vin, max + Vo ) Where: IRIPPLE is the permissible peak-to-peak ripple current (nominally 50% of IOUT) L1 =

f is switching frequency
VIN,max is maximum input voltage Calculate DC rating of L1 from:

Io Vo (2) Vin, min Eff Where: VIN,min is the minimum input voltage Eff is converter efficiency (nominally 85%) IDC =
Calculate saturation current from:
Isat 1.15 IDC .. (3)

Where IDC is DC rating of L1 calculated above.

L2 Selection Let L2 equal L1 thereby ensuring both inductors will have same ripple current. This Ton is true since during ON time L = Vin for both inductors as seen in figure 3. i Selecting L2=L1 also makes it possible to wind both inductors on the same core if it is so desired. IDC should be at least equal to IOUT. Calculate saturation current as shown for L1.

CFLY Selection Select CFLY for capacitance, voltage rating VDC and ripple current rating IRIPPLE.
Calculate CFLY from:
Cfly = Io Vo (4) (Vin + Vo ) f Vripple
Application Note ANP 29 Page 5 of 9 2007 Sipex Corporation

July11-07 RevA

Where: VIN is minimum input voltage VRIPPLE is voltage ripple across CFLY (nominal 1% of VOUT) DC Voltage rating should be greater than VOUT and ripple current should be greater than IOUT.

MOSFET Selection Select MOSFET for voltage rating BVDSS, ON resistance RDS(ON), gate-to-drain charge QGD and thermal resistance RTH. BVDSS should be greater than VIN+VOUT, allowing a guard band against switching transients. The MOSFET should be able to handle the combined peak inductor current of both inductors. For an in-depth procedure see the section titled MOSFET Selection in any Sipex controller datasheet. Diode Selection Select diode for voltage rating VR and current rating IF. VR should be greater than VIN+VOUT and IF should be capable of conducting IIN+IOUT. Cin Selection Select the input capacitor CIN for Voltage rating, ripple current and Capacitance. A simplified expression for ripple current can be obtained by assuming D=0.5 and Efficiency =100%. Then IIN = IOUT and IRMS can be estimated from:
Icin = 0.5 Io

In general, input voltage ripple should be kept below 1.5% of VIN (not to exceed 0.18V). By using the same assumptions that were applied for simplifying ripple current calculation, required input capacitance can be estimated from:
1 .. (5) 2 f 0.18V Note that in the CIN equation the effect of ESR and ESL has been assumed to be negligible. This assumption is valid for ceramic capacitors and high quality Tantalum and Aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

Cin = Io

COUT Selection Select the output capacitor for capacitance, voltage rating and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR). To simplify analysis, assume that a ceramic capacitor is used with ESR = 5mOhm. Then VOUT ripple due to ESR is negligible. To calculate COUT, let inductor current ripple equal 30% of output current and use the following equation:
Co = Irip . (6) 8 Vrip f
Application Note ANP 29 Page 6 of 9 2007 Sipex Corporation

July11-07 RevA

Where: IRIP is inductor ripple current (nominally 30% of IOUT) VRIP is output voltage permissible ripple (nominally 1% of VOUT)

Design Example Design a Zeta converter to operate over input range of 10V-18V with output voltage of 12V and output current of 0.7A.
1- Controller selection Use Sipex SP6126 operating at 600kHz and capable of driving a P-channel MOSFET. 2- Inductor L1 From equations (1) and (2), L1 and its corresponding DC current rating are calculated at 34uH and 1A respectively. From (3), saturation current should be larger than 1.15A. An inductor that meets the above specifications is Wurth Electronik dual inductor #744877100, 10uH, IDC=1.1A and ISAT=2.8A. Note that due to mutual inductance of the double inductor the effective inductance for calculating ripple current is 20uH. Even though this is less than the value calculated from (1), it is sufficient to ensure Continuous Conduction Mode of operation over the full input range. 3- Inductor L2 L2 is selected to be equal to L1 and thus a double inductor can be used. 4- Capacitor CFLY Using (4) CFLY is calculated to be 3.9uF. In order to make the design more conservative a 22uF ceramic capacitor is selected. 5- MOSFET M1 One choice that meets this applications requirements is Vishay/Siliconix Si2319DS, BVDSS=40V, RDS(ON)=0.13 . 6- Diode D1 ON semiconductor MBRA340T3, 40V, 3A meets requirements. 7- Capacitor CIN Using (5) CIN is calculated to be 3.2uF. A 4.7uF ceramic capacitor meets this requirement. 8- Capacitor COUT Using (6) COUT is calculated 0.36uF. However to allow for load transients a 22uF ceramic capacitor is selected. The Zeta converter shown in figure 7 was thus built and tests showed satisfactory operation over voltage input range of 10V to 18V. Efficiency plots are shown in figure 8.
July11-07 RevA Application Note ANP 29 Page 7 of 9 2007 Sipex Corporation

VIN
Cin 4.7uF

M1 Si2319DS 2 1 Vin Cf ly , 22uF 16V Rs 1k LX C7 0.1uF 3 VDR 6 L2, 10uH Gate

10V-18V

GND

VOUT
RZ 10k CZ 47pF R1 400k

SP6126

L1, 10uH

D1 MBRA340T3

Co 22uF

12V @ 0-0.7A

VFB GND 4 5 D1 1N4148 SHDN R2 21k

Figure 7- Zeta converter design example

Buck Boost Efficiency

92 90 Efficiency, % 88 86 84 82 80 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Output Current, A VIN=10V VIN=12V VIN=15V

Figure 8- Zeta converter efficiency

Although Sipexs SP6125/6/7 are primarily used as buck controllers, by adding few inexpensive components they can be used as the heart of a Zeta non-inverting buck-boost converter that can provide output current up to 1A. The simple procedure outlined above can be followed to select the necessary components for a simple and inexpensive ZETA converter.

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 8 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation

For further assistance: Email: WWW Support page: Sipex Application Notes: Sipexsupport@sipex.com http://www.sipex.com/content.aspx?p=support http://www.sipex.com/applicationNotes.aspx

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Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and Sales Office 233 South Hillview Drive Milpitas, CA95035 tel: (408) 934-7500 faX: (408) 935-7600

TM

Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.

July11-07 RevA

Application Note ANP 29 Page 9 of 9

2007 Sipex Corporation