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OPINION

MARCH25,2011

TheCaseoftheBest-SellingAuthor
How a former Pan Am stewardess has stayed at the top of the publishing game since 1975.
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ByAL EXAN D R AAL TER

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Drivenasever,at83,bestsellingauthorMaryHigginsClarkchurnsoutatleastonebookayearasshecontinues tobuildhermarqueebrand.Whatkeepshergoing?TheJournal'sLeeHaw kinssitsdow nw ithaliterarylegend.

Herearesomethingsyou'llneverfindinaMaryHigginsClarknovel:anunmarriedcoupleliving together,acurseword,abodyhackedtopieces.Bytoday'sstandards,Ms.Clark'sthrillersare quaintthrowbacks,moreintheAgathaChristiemoldthanthebloodcurdling,titillatingfare producedbybestsellingwriterssuchasJamesPattersonandStiegLarsson. YetMs.Clarkwhoat83stillchurnsoutatleastonebookayearremainsaslucrativea brandasever.Herbookshavesold100millioncopiesintheU.S.alone.All42ofherbooks havebeenbestsellers.Ms.Clarkisthetopsellingauthoracrossthesevenimprintsofher publisher,Simon&Schuster.Eachyear,hernovels,whicharepublishedin34countries,sell 3.7millioncopiesglobally.Simon&SchusterChiefExecutiveCarolynReidysaysthatMs. Clark'ssalesaresoconsistentthattheyfactorintothecompany'sannualbudgets. IndustryinsiderscreditMs.Clark'slongevity

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IndustryinsiderscreditMs.Clark'slongevity tosheerdriveshecollected40rejection slipsbeforeherfirstshortstorywas publishedin1956andtohermarketing savvyandcarefulbrandmanagement. Ms.Clarkknowsandcaterstohersales demographic.Sheholdsbooksigningsnot justinbookstoresbutinbigboxstores,club warehousesandgrocerystores,whereshe regularlydraws500people.Tomarkthe comingApril5releaseofher43rdbook,"I'll WalkAlone,"asuspensenovelabouta womanwhoseidentityisstolenandwho standsaccusedofkidnappingherownson, she'llmeetfansataWegmansgrocerystore inCollegeville,Pa.She'llholdsigningsin sevenmorestatesandinFrance,whereher bookshavesold24millioncopies. "Idogetaround,"shesaysinaninterviewat her16thfloorapartmentonNewYork's CentralParkSouth,oneofherfourhomes. "Wanttobuyabook?"

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PORTRAITOFALADY:Ms.Clarkatherhomein SaddleRiver,N.J.At83,shestillw ritesatleastone bookayear.

Sittinginfrontofagauzyoilportraitofher youngerself,Ms.Clark,whoworkedasa secretaryandPanAmflightattendantbeforebreakingintopublishing,saysshe'snotcloseto contemplatingretirement.Sheandhereditorof36years,MichaelKorda,arealreadydiscussing hernextnovel,andshe'shammeringoutthetermsofanotherbookcontract,shesays. Ms.Clarkandherpublishernowfacethequestionofhowtomaintainherbrandinthetwilightof hercareerand,eventually,aftersheisgone.Ms.Clarkhasenteredastandoffwithherchildren overthequestionofwhethershewillappointasuccessor,astrategythatprovedprofitablefor theestatesoflatethrillerwriterssuchasRobertLudlumandIanFleming.Ms.Clarkisopento extendingherline,butherchildren,waryofdilutingherlegacy,areopposed.

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Killer Plots
LindadeRoche,anEnglishprofessoratWesley College,willpublishherthirdcriticalstudyofMs. Clark'swork,"MaryHigginsClark:Lifeand Letters,"thismonth.Ms.deRoche,whosays hercolleaguesaregoodnaturedaboutherside gigastheleadingClarkexpert,providedthe followingguidetoMs.Clark'soeuvre. 6:Numberofserialkillers 25:Numberoftitlesbasedonpopularsongs 21:NumberofTVandfilmadaptationsofMs. Clark'sfiction 8:Numberofkidnappings 5:Numberofevildoctors 4:"Thehusbanddidit"

Clarktradition,'"Ms.Clarksays."Isay,'I thinkyou'refoolish.'" Herchildrensaytheywouldratherpassup thepotentialwindfallthanseeherbrand degraded."Eithershewroteit,orshedidn't," sayshersonWarrenClark,alawyerand municipalcourtjudge. HerdaughterCarolHigginsClark,amystery writerwhocowritesChristmasbookswith hermother,saysshewouldbewaryoftrying tofillhermother'sshoes,orhiringsomeone elsetodoit."Herreadershaveacertainkind ofattachmenttoher,"shesays."You couldn'thavesomeoneelsewritingthem."

Ms.Reidy,theSimon&SchusterCEO,declinestoweighinonthematter,saying,"Wedon't evenwanttothinkaboutatimewhenwe'renotpublishingMary." "WhenyouhaveanauthorlikeMarywhopublishesregularlyataregulartimeofyear,hasa verylargeaudiencethatispredictable,andyouknowyou'regoingtohavethatlargesales infusioneveryyearatthattime,itgivesyoutheprofitabilitytokeepyourcompanyrunning,to keepthelightsonandkeeppeopleemployed,"Ms.Reidysays. Ms.Clarkhasheldhergroundevenasanewgenerationofbestsellingthrillerwritersamong themMichaelConnelly,JanetEvanovich,HarlanCobenandLeeChildhasfloodedthemarket andpushedthegenreinnewdirections.Shehasremaineddominantthroughtheriseandfallof medicalthrillers,legalthrillers,historicalconspiracythrillers,serialkillerthrillers.Herbooks havespentacollective355weeksontheNewYorkTimesbestsellerlist. LouiseBurkeofPocketBooks,aSimon&Schusterimprintthatsellsonemillionpaperback copiesofMs.Clark'sbookseveryyear,saysMs.Clarkhasanunerringradarforwhather readerswant,andkeepsdelivering."Alotofauthorsswitchgenresorwanttotrysomething different,butshecontinuestowritethebookherreadersexpect,"shesays. Ms.Clarkhasperfectedaformulathat

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Ms.Clarkhasperfectedaformulathat appealstoabroadswathofmysteryreaders, 70%ofwhomarewomen.Hernovelsfeature beautiful,intelligentwomenindanger,who oftenorchestratetheirownescapes.Her heroinestendtobeambitious,selfmade professionalsdoctors,lawyers,journalists, interiordesigners.Allofthem,likeMs.Clark, areproudIrishAmericanCatholics."She's alwaysbeenanIrishAmericangirlbecauseI knowwhathergrandmothertoldher,"says Ms.Clarkofhercharacters."Iknowher geneticthinking." Ms.Clark'snovelsalwayshitstoresthefirst weekofApril,positionedbeforeMother'sDay, thebiggestbookbuyingholidayoftheyear afterFather'sDayandChristmas.TheG ratednatureofhermysterieshasmadeMs. Clarkafavoriteofmotherdaughterbookclubs (thecrimescanbegruesomebutarenever directlydepicted).Thestrategyensuresfront ofthestoreplacementduringaheavybook buyingseason.Hernewbookwillappear prominentlyonMother'sDaydisplaytablesat

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At83,MaryHigginsClarkstillchurnsoutatleastone bookayear

thefrontofeachofBarnes&Noble's705outlets. "Shehasownedthatholidaynowforatleast20years,"saysMs.Reidy. In1995,sheaddedalucrativebrandextensionaChristmasthemedmysterynovelthat allowedhertocapitalizeontheholidayretailrush.WhenSimon&Schusterreleasedherfirst holidaymysteryinabidtoexpandheraudience,ithadtorushseveralhundredthousandcopies intoprintwhenthebookbecameaninstanthit,eventuallyprinting3.2millioncopies.Ms. Clark'sholidaybooks,whichlatelyshehascowrittenwithCarol,canbeundeniablyhokey onecentersonaplottostealtheRockefellerCenterChristmastreebuttheycontainflashesof hersignaturestyle.(Herholidaybooktitles,like"HeSeesYouWhenYou'reSleeping,"manage tobebothjollyandcreepy.)

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Atirelessselfpromoter,Ms.Clarkrarelymissesanopportunitytominglewithfans.Moments beforeherhorsedrawncarriagepulledontoFifthAvenuefortheSt.Patrick'sDayparadelast week,Ms.Clark,theparade'sgrandmarshal,greetedadmirerswhohadstakedoutaspoton 45thStreetbehindthepolicebarricades.Peoplesnappedcellphonepicturesofherseatedina blackcarriagebehindawhitestallion."I'vereadeveryoneofthem,thankyou!"anolderwoman inabrightgreenknithatyelledtoher. Thepreviousday,adrizzlyspringmorning, Ms.Clarkwasabouttoringtheopeningbell attheNewYorkStockExchangewhena womanshylyapproachedherwithacopyof"MoonlightBecomesYou,"her1996book.

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"Iwantedtotellyouwhatawonderfulwriteryouare,"saidJoannSilk,anadministrative assistantattheexchange,openingthebookandholdingoutapen. "Thefrontpageisbetter,"Ms.Clarksaid,signingthebook,"Topofthemorningtoyou." Whilemakingherwaythroughthemazeoftradingbooths,Ms.ClarkwasstoppedbyDella Dettling,aretiredsecretaryfromNewJerseywhowasvisitingthestockexchangethatday."I've readeveryoneofyourbooks,"shesaid.Resuminghercourse,Ms.Clarkwasstoppedagain, byastocktraderinabluejacket,whodartedupwithapinkPostitpadandrequestedan autographforhiswife.Ms.Clarkaskedthewoman'snameandaddressedthenotetoher, signingit,"Happyreading." "Idon'twanttojustscrawlmyname,"Ms.Clarksaidafterward."That'skindoftacky." ABronxborndaughterofanIrishpubowner,Ms.Clarkregularlysignsmultimilliondollarbook contractswithSimon&Schuster.In2000,shegotanadvanceof$64millionforfivebooks$15 millionapieceforfournovels,and$4millionforamemoir.Sincethen,shehasdeliveredon severalothermultibookdeals.Ms.Clarkwouldn'tgiveexactfiguresforherrecentadvancesbut saidshegets"morethanseveralmillion"perbook,andcloseto$4millionfortheChristmas booksshewriteswithherdaughter. Ms.Clark'spublisheralsoprofitsfromhersubstantialbodyofolderwork.WhenMs.Clarksigns newbooksatWegmans,thegrocerystorebringsindozensofherbacklisttitles.Onceortwice ayear,Simon&Schusterrereleasesanolderbookwithanewcoverinhopesofgrabbingnew readersandgettingprominentstoreplacement.Herveryfirstnovel,ahistoricalromanceabout GeorgeandMarthaWashington,soldpoorlywhenitwasreleasedin1969butwentontobea bestseller,withmorethanonemillioncopiesinprint,whenitwasrereleasedin2002as"A

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bestseller,withmorethanonemillioncopiesinprint,whenitwasrereleasedin2002as"A MaryHigginsClarknovel."

For long minutes he sat alone. When the woman exited, the green light over the Reconciliation Room door had automatically gone on, which meant that anyone waiting outside would have been free to enter. He found himself praying fervently that the young woman might return, but she did not.
Readchapters1and2from'I'llWalkAlone'

Herbacklistlikelywillyieldevenbiggerprofitsasmorereadersturntodigitalbooks.Digital copiesmadeup20%ofsalesforher2010novel"TheShadowofYourSmile."Newreleases typicallyboostbacklistsales,andwithebooks,whichcanbepurchasedinstantly,thesales spikeisevenmoredramatic,whiletheproductioncostsareessentiallyzero.ForMs.Clark's lastfournewreleases,Kindlesalesofherbacklistedbooksroseanaverageof80%inthesix weeksafterpublication.InprintAmazonsales,thebacklistsalesincreasedbyanaverageof 40%inthesameperiod. Ms.Clarkownsa14roommansioninSaddleRiver,N.J.,aswellasaVictorianmansionin SpringLake,N.J.,theCentralParkSouthapartmentandahouseinCapeCod.Shehas conscriptedasmallarmytomanageherbusinessandsociallife,includingthepowerful WashingtonlawyerRobertBarnett,whohandlesbookcontracts,anaccountant,abookkeeper andabusinessmanager.Shealsohastwofulltimeassistantsonetoanswerfanmail,handle socialengagementsandhouseholdbillsandcoordinateeventswithherpublicist,andanotherto schedulehairanddoctor'sappointments,suitfittingsandthelike.Foreachhardcoverrelease, Ms.Clarkrewardsherselfwithanewpieceofjewelrytowearinherauthorphoto. Aheadofhernewbook'srelease,Ms.Clarkhasbeentweakingadcopyforthemarketing campaign.Shenixedanadthatread,"TheQueenofSuspenseIsBack.""Isaid,'Ineverwent anywhere,'"saysMs.Clark,whowroteadandcatalogcopyfortheofficeequipment manufacturerRemingtonRandwhenshewas18."That'snotasellingad."Thenewversion reads,"NewFromtheNo.1NewYorkTimesBestsellingAuthorMaryHigginsClark."

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Ms.Clarkwriteseveryday,unlessshe'spromotingabook.Shetakesanelevatortoherthird floorhomeofficeinSaddleRiverandwritesfrom9:30a.m.untilthelateafternoon,breakingfor lunch.SheandMr.Korda,hereditor,talkorfaxeachotherpagesatleastonceadaywhen she'shatchingaplot.(Mr.Korda,formerlytheeditorinchiefofSimon&Schuster,isofficially retiredbutstilleditsthebooksofDavidMcCullough,LarryMcMurtryandMs.Clark.) Mostmornings,shescansthenewspapersforcrimesandtragediesthatcouldbespunintoher novels.Herbooks,largelysetinNewYorkandNewJersey,arelitteredwithlocallandmarks suchasNeary's,anIrishpubMs.ClarkfrequentsonEast57thStreet. Forthelast12years,aretiredNewYorkPoliceDepartmentdetectiveandsergeanthave consultedonherbooks,weighinginonpoliceprocedureandculture.Inherforthcomingnovel, Ms.Clarkhadtwodetectiveswalkingtwoblocksduringaninvestigation,saidStevenMarron, theretiredsergeant."Wesaid,'Mary,detectivesdon'twalkanywhere,'"Mr.Marronrecalled, notingthatdetectivesalwaysdrive.Theopeninglineofthechapternowreads,"Ontheshort driveoverfromHunterCollegetotheAldrichtownhouseonEastSixtyNinthStreet,detectives BillyCollinsandJenniferDeanadmittedtoeachotherthatneverforoneminutehadeitherof themsuspectedthatZanMorelandhadabductedherownchild." Thoughshe'spraisedbyothertopsellingmysteryauthorsNelsonDeMillecallsher"alegend inthebusiness"Ms.Clark'sbooksareroutinelyignoredbymainstreamliterarycritics,or slammedasformulaicandhackneyed.Shesaysherpopularityhasbiasedcriticsagainsther."I firmlybelievethemorepopularyouare,thelesschanceyouhavetohavedecentliterary criticism,"shesays. Ms.Clarkwasn'timmediatelydrawntothemysterygenre.Shesaysthatifherfirstnovelabout GeorgeWashingtonhadsoldwell,shewouldhavewrittenhistoricalfiction.Whenitdidn't,she decidedtotrycommercialthrillers.Ms.Clark'syoungestdaughter,PattyClark,sayshermother hadadarkernarrativestreakthatcameoutinbedtimestories. "Wedidn'tget'Maryhadalittlelamb,'wegot,'There'sacreephidinginthecloset,'"says Patty,whowasnamedforhermother'sliteraryagentbecausethewomansoldoneofMs. Clark'sstoriesfor$500onthedayPattywasborn. Ms.Clarkwroteherfirstfewbookswhileraisingfivechildrenonherown.Herfirsthusband, WarrenClark,diedofheartdiseasewhenshewasinhermid30s,andMs.Clarksupportedthe familybywritingradioscriptsandgettingmodelingandactingjobsforherchildren.Shegotup towriteat5a.m.

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ForseveralyearsaftertheGeorgeWashingtonnovel,sheworkedonapsychologicalsuspense taleaboutayoungmotherwhosetwochildrengomissingsevenyearsaftershewasaccusedof murderingherchildrenfromapreviousmarriage.Simon&Schusterboughtthenovel,"Where AretheChildren?"for$3,000in1974.Itwasnotanimmediatebestseller,butin1976ithitthe paperbackbestsellerlist.Thepublisherboughthersecondbookforhalfamilliondollars,and thepaperbackrightssoldfor$1million.Ms.ClarkboughtaCadillacandwasabletoquither dayjob. "WhereAretheChildren?,"whichhasgoneinto75printings,standsasMs.Clark'smosticonic book.Mr.CobenrecallsgettingaletteraboutitfromhiscollegefriendatAmherst,thelate novelistDavidFosterWallace."Helovedthesekindsofbooksandtalkedaboutbeingscared outofhiswitsby'WhereAretheChildren?,'"saysMr.Coben,whodescribedMs.Clarkas having"ahugeinfluence"onhiswriting. ItalsoestablishedMs.Clarkasthemasterofanew,andprofitable,thrillergenre:thetaleofan ordinarywomaninjeopardywhounravelssomesinisterplotonherown. Theriseofanewbreedofblockbusterauthorhasinsomewayschangedthemodelfor success.Tobeatopsellerthesedaysoftenrequirespublishingmultipletitlesindifferent genreseveryyear,gettingaHollywoodtiein,orboth.Evenwithtwobestsellersayear,Ms. Clark,whohasneverhadasuccessfulfilmadaptationofherbooks,lagswellbehindsomeof today'stopsellingauthors.JamesPatterson'sbookshavesold220millioncopiesworldwide,in partbecausehereleasesninebooksayear.RomancewriterNoraRoberts,whopublishesfour tosixoriginalbooksayear,has400millioncopiesinprint. Meanwhile,Ms.Clarkhasnoplanstoslowdown.Laterthisyear,she'llreleaseachildren's bookandaChristmasmystery."Peoplesay,'Areyoustillwriting?'andIthink,'Whynot?'"she says."Ihavenohobbiesotherthanfriendsandthetheater.I'mimpatientwithlonglunches.I'll alwaysbewriting.ButthedayIstoppublishingisthedayIstoptellingagoodstory." Shehasdevisedafittinglymacabrewaytocontinueherlegacybeyondthegrave. "Ihaveinstructionstoputabigspiralnotebook,acoupleofpensandaglassofwineinthe casket,"shesays."Andthey'lldoit." Correction & Amplification: A previous version of this article gave the wrong college for Harlan Coben and David Foster Wallace. They went to Amherst a year apart.

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Write to AlexandraAlteratalexandra.alter@wsj.com

WomenofMystery
Sixfemaleauthorswhotransformedthefieldofcrimefictionandthrillers

Anna Katharine Green 1846-1935

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Signature character: EbenezerGryce,NewYork MetropolitanPoliceForce TheBrooklynbornauthorwasoneofthefirstmysterywriters inAmerica.Shepublished40booksinthelate1800sand early1900sandhelpedusherinsomeoftheenduringtropesof

AnnaKatharineGreen

classicdetectivefiction.

Agatha Christie 1890-1976

ViewFullImage AgenceFrancePresse/Getty Images

Signature characters:HerculePoirot,Belgianborndetective; MissMarple,amateursleuth Thetotalcollectivesalesoftoday'stop10crimewritersdon't comeclosetoMs.Christie's,whoranksbehindonlytheBible andShakespeareinsalesvolume(accordingtotheGuinness BookofWorldRecords,shehassoldtwobillioncopies).

AgathaChristie

Dorothy L. Sayers 1893-1957

ViewFullImage Popperfoto/GettyImages

Signature characters:LordPeterWimsey,aristocratic amateurdetective;HarrietVane,mysterywriterwhofallsin lovewithWimsey. Ms.Sayerswrotepoetry,plays,essaysand,mostfamously, detectivefiction,butshewasmostproudofhertranslationof

DorothyL,Sayers

Dante's"DivineComedy."

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Patricia Highsmith 1921-95

Signature character:TomRipley,murderer,conartist
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PatriciaHighsmith

InthegameSixDegreesofSeparation,thisauthorof psychologicalthrillersprovidestheonedegreeseparating AlfredHitchcock,whoadaptedhernovel"Strangersona Train,"andMattDamon,starof"TheTalentedMr.Ripley."

P.D. James 1920ViewFullImage GettyImages

Signature character:InspectorAdamDalgliesh,handsome, poetrywritingLondondetective Whenaskedwhywomenmakegoodcrimenovelists,Ms. Jamesreplied:"Womenhaveaneyefordetailandcluemaking demandsattentiontotheminutiaeofeverydayliving."

P.D.James

Correction & Amplification TheauthorsHarlanCobenandDavidFosterWallaceattendedAmherstCollegeinclassesa yearapart.ApreviousversionofthisarticleincorrectlysaidMessrs.CobenandWallacewere classmatesatDartmouthCollege.

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