University of the Philippines Manila College of Allied Medical Professions

OTPT 102: Anatomy for OT and PT students

Academic Year 2011-2012

HEAD, FACE, and NECK

Small Group Learning 3: Dissection Laboratory Guide

Learning Objective: - Identify the muscles of the head, face, and neck on a cadaveric model.

Recommended Study Time: 2 hours

Learning Materials Needed: - Atlas of human anatomy - Human cadaver - Dissection kit - Anatomy book

References: Netter, F.H. (2010). Atlas of human anatomy (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. Snell, R.S. (2004). Clinical anatomy (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. No author (2002). Prosection manual. Retrieved June 22, 2011, from http://webanatomy.net/atlas/447manual.htm#DISSECTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD, NECK AND BACK

All rights reserved. Copyright by ECRJ 2011. Use exclusively for OTPT 102: Applied Anatomy students. Approval and consent from Ernesto C. Rivera Jr., PTRP and CAMP University of the Philippines-Manila required before use for other purposes. (jayrivera17@yahoo.com).

Instruction I: Prior to your dissection schedule, fill out the table below with the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the following muscles of the head, face, and neck.

Muscle Frontalis Corrugator supercilli Orbicularis oculi Levator palpabrae superioris Procerus Orbicularis oris Buccinator Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Zygomaticus major Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

All rights reserved. Copyright by ECRJ 2011. Use exclusively for OTPT 102: Applied Anatomy students. Approval and consent from Ernesto C. Rivera Jr., PTRP and CAMP University of the Philippines-Manila required before use for other purposes. (jayrivera17@yahoo.com). Page 2

Muscle Mentalis Platysma Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoid Digastric - anterior belly Digastric posterior belly Sternohyoid Omohyoid - superior belly

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

All rights reserved. Copyright by ECRJ 2011. Use exclusively for OTPT 102: Applied Anatomy students. Approval and consent from Ernesto C. Rivera Jr., PTRP and CAMP University of the Philippines-Manila required before use for other purposes. (jayrivera17@yahoo.com). Page 3

Instruction II: For the skinning and dissection part, follow the procedures below. Once done with skinning, identify only the muscles enumerated above. To easily differentiate one muscle from the other, familiarize yourselves with the fiber orientation of each muscle.

1.

To expose the masseter and temporalis muscle, make a skin incision starting at the chin, following around the mouth and up the side of the nose (Figure 6.1). Stop the incision at the top of the cheekbone, approximately a half an inch from the eye.

2. Move the incision vertically across the cheekbone ( inch under the eye) to the end of the eye. Continue the incision horizontally close to the eye and stop about an inch above the temple. Also carefully remove skin from around one eye and around the mouth.

3. Now take the cut vertically from above the temple even with the anterior part of the ear (do not go down toward the ear but only even with it). You may wish to "round" this entire cut to better expose the origin of the temporalis (Figure 6.2).

4. Continue the incision from the chin to the posterior part of the ear following the angle of the jawbone.

5. Keeping the skin as one flap, retract the flap slowly, separating the skin from the fat until the flap can be pulled back over the ear.

All rights reserved. Copyright by ECRJ 2011. Use exclusively for OTPT 102: Applied Anatomy students. Approval and consent from Ernesto C. Rivera Jr., PTRP and CAMP University of the Philippines-Manila required before use for other purposes. (jayrivera17@yahoo.com). Page 4

6. Attach the flap at the points above and below the ear (two inches from the top of ear and one inch from the bottom). This type of incision allows for easier closure over the face and better protection from drying out. Note: Difficulty will be encountered in reflecting only the skin from the face because the superficial muscles of the face insert into the skin. You may shave off these attachments.

7. Locate the temporalis which is below several layers of subcutaneous fascia and covers the side of the head.

8. Locate the masseter which is attached to the skull and jaw and is embedded in the fat of the cheek. Be careful in removing the fat because the parotid gland and duct lie over the masseter and need to be left intact for later identification. Once the fat has been removed, the masseter should be relatively easy to see.

All rights reserved. Copyright by ECRJ 2011. Use exclusively for OTPT 102: Applied Anatomy students. Approval and consent from Ernesto C. Rivera Jr., PTRP and CAMP University of the Philippines-Manila required before use for other purposes. (jayrivera17@yahoo.com). Page 5