C 2329

HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN)

2009

Dresser, Edwin Lutyens, William De Morgan, Ernest Gimson,

ART AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT

The Arts

William Lethaby, Edward Schroeder Prior, Frank Lloyd Wright, Gustav Stickley, Greene & Greene, Charles Voysey, Christopher Whall and artists in the Pre-Raphaelite movement. In the United States, the terms American Craftsman, or Craftsman style are often used to denote the style of architecture, interior design, and decorative arts that prevailed between the dominant eras of Art Nouveau and Art Deco, or roughly the period from 1910 to 1925.

and Crafts Movement was a British

and American aesthetic movement occurring in the last years of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. Inspired by the writings of John Ruskin and a romantic idealization of the craftsman taking pride in his personal handiwork, it was at its height between approximately 1880 and 1910. It was a reformist movement that influenced British and American architecture, decorative arts, cabinet making, crafts, and even the "cottage" garden designs of William Robinson or Gertrude Jekyll. Its best-known practitioners were William Morris, Charles Robert Ashbee, T. J. Cobden Sanderson, Walter Crane, Nelson Dawson, Phoebe Anna Traquair, Herbert Tudor Buckland, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Christopher
1

Art and crafts movement

C 2329

HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN)

2009

Business career After graduating from Oxford, in January 1856 Morris became an apprentice to G. E. Street, one of the leading English Gothic revival architects, where he met another lifelong friend, the architect Philip Webb. He abandoned architecture for painting, but soon found himself drawn more and more to the decorative arts. He and Webb built Red House at Bexleyheath in Kent, Morris's wedding gift to Jane. In 1861, he founded the decorative arts firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners. In 1874 Rossetti and Ford Madox Brown decided to leave the firm, requiring a return on their shares which proved to be a costly business. Throughout his life, he continued to work in his own firm, although the firm changed names. Its most famous incarnation was as Morris and Company. The company encouraged the revival of traditional crafts such as stained glass painting, hand embroidery, woodblock-printed textiles and wallpaper, and dyeing silk and wool with vegetable dyes, and Morris himself single-handedly recreated the art of tapestry weaving in Britain. His designs are still sold today under licences given to Sanderson and Sons and Liberty of London.

William Morris

William Morris (24 March 1834 3 October 1896)

was an English artist, writer, and socialist. He was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, was one of the principal founders of the British Arts and Crafts movement, a pioneer of the socialist movement in Britain, and a writer of poetry, fiction, and translations from the Icelandic. As a co-founder of the domestic design firm Morris & Co., Morris was influential in the resurgence of traditional textile arts in the wake of the industrial revolution, working across a broad spectrum of techniques including tapestry weaving, dyeing with natural dyes, carpet-making, wood-block printing, and embroidery in the style that became known as art needlework. Today, he is best known for his floral designs for wallpaper and patterned fabrics and as the founder of the Kelmscott Press.

C 2329

HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN)

2009

The red house

Red House in
Upton, Bexleyheath in the southern suburbs of London, England is a key building in the history of the Arts and Crafts movement and of 19th century British architecture. It was designed in 1859 by its owner, William Morris, and the architect Philip Webb, with wall paintings and stained glass by Edward Burne-Jones. Morris wanted a home for himself and his new wife, Jane. He also desired to have a "Palace of Art" in which he and his friends could enjoy producing works of art. The house is of warm red brick with a steep tiled roof and an emphasis on natural materials. The garden is also significant, being an early example of the idea of a garden as a series of exterior "rooms". Morris wanted the garden to be an integral part of the house, providing a seamless experience. The "rooms" consisted of a herb garden, a vegetable garden, and two rooms full of old-fashioned flowers

jasmine, lavender, roses, and an abundance of fruit trees apple, pear and quince. The house was designed from the inside instead of starting with a symmetrical faade. Each room was considered in terms of its view and light where most rooms faces North. In this house, local red bricks and tiles were used and timber material was left natural and untreated The image of the house was a combination of diverse architectural elements such as the turrets, Gothic pointed arches and Georgian windows. Morris lived with Jane in the house for only five years, during which time their two daughters, Jenny and May, were born. Forced to give up the house for financial reasons in 1865, Morris vowed upon leaving never to return. He said that to see the house again would be more than he could bear. The house was lived in as a family home for nearly 150 years. Yorkshire-born draper Henry Maufe lived here with his wife Maude from 1903 until his death in 1910, his widow remaining at the house until 1919. In 1952, Ted and Doris Hollamby moved into Red House; they, along with the members of two other families, the Toms and the McDonalds, restored the house and reinstated many of the original arts and crafts features.

C 2329

HISTORY OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ( SEJARAH SENIBINA MODEN)

2009

The Red House, Bexley Heath , Kent United Kingdom by Philip Webb, London 1859