Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A. Early Phase
I Rus. Revol. of 1917
1. Feb Revol. of 1917
i) Years of discontent from peasants and workers allowed final overthrow of
Tsar N. II and along with this the overthrowing of system that remained for 370
years.
ii) This revolutions raised demands for new systems of government, and the
fight for who will take control of new Rus.
iii) Dual Power (Mar 1917) (a) Set up provisional government (made
up of Duma) an emergence due to the fall
of existing government along with the
Petrograd Sov. (Made of worker councils)
(b) Released all political prisoners
including Stalin
(c) Caused divisions in public and army
whether to trust the prov. government or
Petrograd Soviet
(d) Battle of parties to gain power began
2. Oct Revol. 1917
i) The arrival and lead of Lenin (a) Raised Bolshevik activity to further
strengthen their penetration in public and
in their party
(b) Sparked public interest in communism
and involvement, creating a system for the
future government to reside in
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ii) On Nov 17 1917 the Bolshevik govt. (along with Stalin in the trail)
overthrew the ineffective Prov. government and seized power. The Red army (in
Trotsky’s command) took over all key and strategic points in the city of
Petrograd.
C. Stalin’s USSR
I. Stalin’s Revol.
1. Socialism in 1 country
i) Stalin proposed socialism in one country as it would encourage more internal
growth while disregarding the Marx view of “world revol.”
(a) It would encourage faster growth and
allow an easier transition to communism
(b) It would also allow faster results which
all of Rus. desperately needed to see
2. Collectivisation
i) During 1928 collective agricult. was chosen in order to revolutionise
agricult. which would support the growing pop. and industrialisation
ii) It involved the collection of many farms to form a single farm which would
be operated and controlled by the soviet union
(a) The aim was to solve problems in
agricult. distribution
(b) It would end private ownership and
profit yet assumingly increase efficiency.
(c) there were state farms (sovkoz) and
collective farms (kolkoz)
iii) The peasants were reluctant to join such farms at first which caused massive
loss in livestock and disturbance in the overall structure
3. Industrialisation
i) Stalin’s main aim became the industrialising of Rus.
(a) The aim was to advance Rus. industry
and modernise many of its aspects
(b) It was to be done through set economic
plans which would outline the steps and
requirements
4. Five Year Plans
i) 1st 5 Year plan (5YP) was introduced during 1928/29 and set targets to
increase industrial production along with the expanding of what Rus.
produced
(a) The main characteristics of this plan
was to develop oil wells, electricity and
to basically work as hard as one could to
meet the requirements
(b) The 1st 5YP was completed in 4 yrs
and with high (yet not matched with
requirements) results such as 1500 new
industrial plants and a hydro-electricity
plant.
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ii) The 2 5YP was similar to the 1 and increased the growth of USSR and its
standards were at world-level. It included scientific research and technological
advance
II. Stalin’s Totalitarianism
1. Dekulakisation
i) The kulaks (or the rich peasants) were used as scapegoats in Stalin’s progress.
(a) Whenever something went wrong, the
rich kulaks would be blamed, due to their
slightly richer nature and associating that
with greed and selfishness.
ii) Stalin decided wiped out the kulaks
(a) The labelled kulaks were seized of
their property and food while being sent
away to work camps or shot dead.
2. Great Purges
i) Throughout the 1930’s a series of trails took place for crimes against the state.
The purge (or cleansing) was of older party members/people, and through this
the past was forgotten and Stalin’s power strengthened.
(a) First was the assassination of Kirov, a
popular leader
(b) Following this was the trail of
Kamenev, Zinoviev, and Bukharin. They
were charged with many irrelevant crimes
in the supporting the enemies of the people
(c) All who held some previous memory
(around Oct. revol.) were wiped. One
million party members were executed
along with people in the army and other
leaders
3. Enemies of the people
i) Anyone who opposed to Stalin ordered their death, and every supporter or
anyone with some prior past knowledge/memory of Stalin was wiped out.
ii) Trotsky was a main example of the application in enemies of the people.
Stalin raised hatred towards him, condoning him to be a traitor and familiarising
the people with people of such existence.
ii) The secret police (NKVD) carried the arrests of mills. of people who had
some thought opposed to Stalin’s revol. The people were made to confess
following the nature of torture
iii) The Moscow trials were held to show execution of enemies, sparking hate
and fear towards all.
4. Art
i) Propaganda was a device used by Stalin to steer emotions towards the
fatherly figure of him. It continually told people how better they were than
other countries
ii) Ultimate power of art and knowledge meant Stalin could change records,
manipulate images and types of art to show something relevant and beneficial
to Stalin. Photos were edited to show less presence of party leaders and show a
more of Stalin in previous events.
5. Stalin’s status at the end of the 1930’s
i) By the end of the 1930’s Stalin was in hold of countless power; over people’s
minds, the nation’s actions and power itself.
(a) The great purges had ended
(b) The expansion of Rus. had been
achieved with further to come