Urartian-Armenian Parallel Words (Vocabulary) by Sargis Ayvazyan

The summarizing list below includes the Armenian-Urartian parallel words and roots both recorded by the different scholars to present (I pick only illustrations with more reliable correspondences) and the examples of common words proposed by me - nearly 160 words. I represent both narrow and phonetic transcriptions of the Urartian forms ( he phonetic transcriptions t reconstructed on the base of Armenian parallels). For convenience, the narrow transcription of Urartian words/morphemes is done taking into account the Armenian equivalent of the respective form. For example, ip(u)- (syllabically - i-pu-) - Arm. to plaster, to cement is given in ep(u)- (syllabically - e-pu-) highly, many, transcription, and tara (syllabically - tar-a) powerful, many, great, senior, etc. - Arm. mighty, etc. in ira (syllabically - r-a) form. I included the Indo-European pre-forms of all Armenian native word roots, morphemes and particles (throughout this glossary, I have operated with a traditional reconstruction of Indo-European phonology done by the Neogrammarians). The meanings of those words for which I suggest new translations or make partial meaning clarification, are represented in italics.
Urartian Narrow Transcr. abeliPhonetic Transcr. aweliSignificance to add, to join Armenian P.-I.-E. *obhel

ain=aalg=ani/e

ayn=ayarg=an(i)

y-awel-em v. to add (up), to increase, to augment; to join, etc, aweli a./adv. exceeding; more, above, beyond to look(?), to take care(?), ... h-ay-im, n-ay-im (dial. ay-el) to look, to see, to observe, to take care, etc to wait (?), to look (?) n-ay-im (see prev.), fig. to wait boundary

ale/u ale/u=ka/e ale al=e alzena/i anand=ane(?) apti=ne arar=ni(u)= e ar=nuar=(a)ni, ar= e ardi= e an=i=ardu-

ayle/o ayle/o=ka/ayl/ a =e arjena/i anand=an a ti=n aa =ni(w)=s ar=nua =( )ni,

arg-el-(k ) hinderance, obstacle, obstruction, pri- *ark son, etc, dial. bk -arg hindered by snowstorm pron. whoever, other, another ayl, -oy pron. another, other; some, etc *al- o (a version of ayle/o) ayl-ak- (a version of ayl), cf. ayl-(ak)-a-ban-em to allegorize, etc. -conj. but, and, then, now, ..., adv. too, again, still, ... to tell, to talk, to anounce, to cry rock, stone, column, (rock) ins ription, ... un-, no field, fallow(?) side, ashore, shore, brink to give, to bring deeds to join, to attach, to add masculine ayl/ conj. still however; but; now, then, etc, adv. besides, more, a. the rest, others, etc a -a -ak-em (dial. a -a -em) to cry, to make aloud noise, to shout; to make an exclamation arjan, i-a big stone, column; statue, idol; (rock) inscription, etc an- un- and field, fallow ap n, -in shore, bank, brink, coast a , a -n-owm to receive, to take, to gather, to bring, etc -*al-ale * *ar-nu- to distribute, to allot

a(y)r=s man, youth ardi=s order, rule an=y=ardu- unjust, guilty, disorder

a -n-em to make, to do, to form, to execute, a - *ar-nea -k /s acts, actions, facts, deeds y-ar-em to join, to attach, y-ar-n- -im to *ar relate or belong to, to regard a n- (gen. of ayr, see next) in compound words * (n)rmeans male, masculine ayr (gen. a -n , nom./acc. pl. ar-k /s), man; husband; youth, young man ard, -i/ow form, order *ar-ti/tu an- un- + y-ard, -ow structure, form, orna--

Urartian Narrow Transcr. Phonetic Transcr. Significance Armenian P.-I.-E.

ari(=)beri-

a =beri- / ar(i) beriarmo= i as-

armu=zi a -

z=a =a a /t=a z=ad- (?)

z=ash=asa h=a z=a -

a =qana=ne a =qana=n a =qanaauei i=ne baba=ni/e ba=u= e bad=use bad=ga =qanaawei i=n baba=n(i) ba=w=s pa =o pa -

ment, order, cf. v. - - to fit up, to arrange, to adjust, to put in order, etc, (see also prev.) to come up, to come in a -ber-em to bring, to carry; to present, to offer between, ... or y-ar ber-e/im to draw/bring closer, to come near family, clan, descent z-arm, -oy family, house, race intr. to come, to enter, to h-as-an-em to come, to arrive at, to attain, to arrive, , tr. to bring, reach; to understand, etc, h-as-owc -an-em to cause to arrive, reach or attain; to bring, etc to pursue(?), to follow(?) z- (prefix) + (h)-as- (see prev.) to hear, to know, to be h-as- (see a -) ..., to know, to get, to understand, informed (dial.) to hear to eat, to end, to consume, h-at-an-em to cut (off), to break, to end, to consume, etc --to pick out, to choose (road) z-at-(an)-em to separate, to divide, to distract, to or to open way scatter, to disjoin, to pick, etc, z-at-owc -an-em ..., to consecrate, to offer, cf. h-at-an-em (see prev.), to open way donative, offering h-at-owc -ow-mn restitution; payment; compensation, gift, offering, etc, to consecrate (?), to celebrate (?), to donate (?), ... good news, notification, tidings mount word, order, thing

*bher *ari+*bher *or-mo * (n)k

--Hittite . (?)

---

h-at-owc -an-em to render, to compensate, to give back; to pay, discharge, etc (see also prev.) - aw ti-s/k good news, notification of good news *aueid *bh Akkadian / Sumerian --

ba qi/ebedi

pa ki/eei

babay hill, mound ba-n speech, word, term, dictate; thing, etc, bay verb; word, speech, etc. wall (around building), pat wall; turn, round, pat-em to surround, to surrounding, environment, ... enclose, to fence; etc, etc. to besiege, to surround pat-em to surround, to enclose, to fence, to envelop; to spread abroad, to circulate; etc (see also prev.) to establish patk-en-al to confirm, to set up, to found, etc side(?); behind, with, near, yet after, since, afterwards, adv. behind, backward, het trace; footstep; way, path, adv./pr. after, behind; near; together, yet-s adv. behind, backward etc. -- - , (cf. aysu-het-ew henceforth, henceforward, hereafter, for the future; now, then, yet aysorik after that, since that time, then, since, afterwards, after, etc.) barj, -ow/i, high, great + diw- (?) divinity, god bowrgn, -an pyramid; tower han-derj, -i/o, han-derj-an clothes, form; arrangement, preparatives; trim, etc ti-, t - great, big tow, ta-m, e-t to give, to offer; to present, to

*ped

bedbedu=ia= e

to return, to come back, ee o/u=ya=s in returning, henceforth

---

barzu/i= dibi-

barju/i= diw- (?)

name of a building

burgana=ni/e burgan=an(i) tower, pyramid delzu= e derju/o=s order, arrangements, preparatives (of sacrifice) di=ae i=a() great, big du-, dau, a to make, to do, to give (?)

*bh gh + *dh s Iranian (?) *dei, *di, *d ,*d, *d to

Urartian Narrow Transcr. Phonetic Transcr. Significance Armenian grant; to make, to render, to produce, to cause, etc za=d(u)duli dudebani z- (augmentative prefix) + tow-/ta-/e-t (see prev.) toli vine towt-n end, fringe -awan, -ewan (ending of some Arm. region names) ei=a(=) (?) ei=a(=) real -akan (?) that exists, that is of itself, increate; (ei=ardi= e) essential, substantial, -owt iwn (?) essence, nature; existence; substance; wealth, etc er ier ito free, liberate, to deliver, z-erc-owc -an-em to deliver, to free, to save, to release, ... liberate, to release eue, ewe ew and ew and euri ewri lord awri-ord noble girl, damsel; young lady, etc gari/e=ni/e a i/e=n(i) cave, grotto a n (?) cavern, grotto gunu= e uno/u=s fight, battle, hama- own- destroying, exterminating all, v. n-( -)em to beat, to cudgel, etc. gunu= i=ne uno/u=si=n fighting, fighter (?) -aluli/e xa o (i) grape xa o grape arari/e xa a (i) peace, prosperity xa a a. calm, peaceful, undisturbed, quiet ar ar( )xarxar(s)to shake, to destroy, to ruin xarxar-em to shake, to shatter, to ruin, to destroy ubi hovi valley hovi-t valley, vale; plain ur=i he xor=isx well, reservoir, etc xor a. deep, hollow, excavated uhosto throw out/ away hos-em to shed, to spill; to flow, to fall, to drop; to scatter, to disperse; etc i (?) i/yi(-) a preposition / prefix i/y- (preposition/prefix) ib u= e iwsu=s pot maker hiwsn, -own-k /s carpenter, joiner, potter ie e yes pron. I es pron. I imenimenbasis, foundation himn, -an basis, foundation kakato stand, to be ka-m to be, to exist; to remain, to stand, to stop, to stay; to wait. etc -kai -ka=y ahead, in place, position -ka-y, ka-y place posture, position ka-y-an, -i station, place, post, site; position; ka=i=ani/e ka=y=an(i) station, post dwelling, residence, etc kapi kapi dry measure kapi- a unit of measure, cab, bin, etc karkarto subdue, to subjugate kar(-)ax-em to become brave, strong or or or qa to pick (up), to extract, to take ka -em to draw, to extract; to pick (up), to take away, to slay/kill away; to slay/kill, etc kar=be qar=w rock, stone kar, -i stone ke(i)d=anke(i) =anto send (troops), to aim at, to k t/ket point, aim, goal, kiti battle place or point, to direct goal kul=(u)kor=(u)to leave, to throw over, to lose, kor-ows-an-em to lose, to miss, to annihilate, to mislay kor-n -im to be lost, to disappear; to perish, to decay kure=le (pl.) kure=r feet kr-owkn heel kurune ko un aside, side ko n, -own-s side, part, flank lakulaquto hide lak -owc -eal hidden makmkto shoot (arrow), to dart mk-ownd spear, lance z= (u)oli uewani -vine boundary-mark territory, country P.-I.-E. give -*dud *es

*serg (?) *epi *g hono -*khal (?) *oui *en *eg *s -m (?) *(e)g a--*kl *kar *geid -

*gu-r *gol -

Urartian Narrow Transcr. manmana(e) me (i=n)e me Phonetic Transcr. mnmana mes(i=n) mesSignificance to stay, to be a measure of weight part, tribute, share to distribute, to divide, to share, ... Armenian mn-am to remain, to stay man a measure of weight masn, -in part; bit, piece, morsel; share, portion; lot masn-em to communicate, to impart; to distribute, to divide, to share; to give, etc (see also prev.) mi no nax first, prime, before, main, nax-kin first, old; ancient, chief, etc P.-I.-E. *menIranian (?) *m-k (?) --

mi na -

no, not, non intr. to come/ascend (to the throne), tr. to take/ lead away, to bring, to advance, to guide, ... n=ebsi/en=ew i/eto slaughter, to cut, to kill y-aw (-at)-em to cut to pieces, to cut up, to tear in pieces, to slaughter, etc (with n-/yalternation) n=uldn=ordto enlarge, to increase y-ord-e/im to overflow, to expand, to grow, to increase, etc (with n-/y- alternation) pa i/a=ne paxi/a=n cattle paxr , -i cattle pare a pr. till, to, toward(s) a pr. at; near; with regard to; in, under; against; with; towards; next to; etc par ane ay an spleen payca n, -an < *pay can spleen parato take/lead away, to drive he -ac-owc-an-em to remove, to put/set aside, away/off to scatter; to avert, to keep off, he -an-am to remove, to go away/far, to leave, to deviate, to depart, etc. pat=are pa =a / (?) town, fortress, settlement pat wall; turn, round,(see also bad=use, bad=g-) pile pi canal pe hole, cave, - to hollow, to excavaor te or i he flood, running water pit(i)tto break (to pieces), to crash, pt-owr, pt-r-im to crumble, to crush, to fall to destroy, to ruin to dust, etc pul=use or=o stele with inscription por-em to dig, to hollow, to excavate, to hollow out; to engrave, to notch, vim-a- or a. hollowed/written in the rock ( vim- stone, rock), etc. qap=qar( )- ka =qar( )- to seize (?), to capture (?) kap-owc -an-em to cover, to shut, to close, kapem to cane; to beat, to strike qarme i/e karmex(i) sacrifice, offering, gift kamax, -i sacrifice, offering, gift, victim, etc qudulkoto temple, monument, obelisk koto , -i obelisk, monument, v. koto -em to set up, to erect an obelisk quldi=ne kordi=n desert (?), desolate (?), fruitkord rough, untilled, unploughed, wild, waste; less (?) fallow to crawl, to prostrate sul=u= tso =u=s so -am to creep, to crawl on the belly, so -owmn crawling; creeping su ug(u) ogto tear away, to unmake, to tog-an-em to disband, to pull (Voc. Erem.), to unjoin confound, to mix; to trouble, to (put in) disorder, to embarrass, etc (NBHL) are a tree, garden ca , -oy tree epe to plaster, to cement cep -em to plaster, to cement ep=urde e =ord plaster-er -plaster-ers -ep=ane e =an plaster-er -epi=kane e i=kan

mi nax-

*m Iranian (?)

*ordh*pors *(s)phlg-ni *per

Akkdian (?) *bel *pel *phoro

*g -so -

Urartian Narrow Transcr. erab=ae ue ani/e erere uri uk=ure Phonetic Transcr. eraw=a() u ( ov) san(i) se se suri s(u)k=o (ppl.) Significance thirsty, dry sea, lake, pond caldron, kettle, pot ancestor (?), forefather (?) separately(?), independently(?), besides(?) sword guarding, vigilant, watchful, taking care of, ... Armenian caraw, -o/ow thirsty, dry cov, -ow sea, lake, pond san, -i kettle, boiler, caldron, saucepan, etc se , -i kind, species, race, generation se n clean, pure, clear: true, etc sowr, -oy sword P.-I.-E. *ker *ker-no *ko-ro Hittite (?)

ur=i e(?) tantertar=ani/e tarma=ni/e tar u=ane tepteq-

sor=isx dnderda =an(i) tarma=n(i) darsu=an te teqor tekti=(w)ti=(i)n tuto -

ti=(u)ti=(i)ne tutur-

ira ui(e) ulul=u= tn=ul=u= tulde ule ulgu= e ul u=ne up=ardu= /t=up= ardu=ne ur=ine urur=i e

ira oy uu =u=s n=u =u=s ort ore/ure o o=s u u=n up=ardu= =up= ardu=n ur=in uru =isx

(h)sk-o ppl./a. watchful, vigilant, (h)sk-em to watch, to abstain from sleep, fig. to watch over, to guard, to oversee, to take care of, to have an eye upon, etc. stable, stud sor-a-kal hostler, stableman ( > sor- stable, stud) to lay, to put dn-em to lay, to set, to put; to apply, etc to lay, to put dir/der (see prev.) twice (?), again (?) da n-am to turn (about), to return, to come/go back again, darjn turn, return, etc a building or (water) spring, t arma (?) dial. wood garret, attic, high storey in fountain church, prop for grapevine, etc (group of) people da(r)s, -ow class, order, group of peoples, etc to throw down, to spill t ap -em to cast/throw/fling down, t ap -anc em to penetrate, to pass through, etc to bow, to trample t ek -em to point, to grind, fig. to bend, to or incline or t ak-em to beat, to thump to thump to speak, to tell t iw number, t ow-em to tell, to narrate, etc. name (see prev.) -to destroy, to beat, to break t ow-el to consume or to beat (Voc. Erem.) (?) 1. to leave, to cast off (?) t o -owm to leave, to allow, to cast off, to release, etc 2. to smash, to ruin, to break, t oy weak, ... great, powerful, many, senior tir highly, mighty, many, firm, all, most, etc no, not o- no, not intr. to go, tr. to lead away u i road , way, journey; passage, y -em ( < *yu -em) to send to, to forward, to dispatch, etc intr. to precede, to lead - - (for -u- cf. y -ow-mn < *y-ow -ow-mn) tr. to lead, to rule, to drive - - (with n-/y- alternation) vine ort, -oy vine other ori , owri other alive, life o , -oy alive, life camel u t, -ow camel to command (?), to order (?) h-owp a. near, close, pr. near, close to, by + ard, -ow order, form, shape (see above) disorder (?), unlawful (?), un- t- un-, in- (neg. prefix) + up=ardu= (see prev.) just(?) territory owr place, territory, adv. where, in what place to place (?), to settle (?) -thing, implements; arm, ow (n) sledge-hammer, hammer, nail

*dh -ne *dh -r *dh -gh- no *tek *t g *t u ?, *tou ? -*tol-*o-k i (?) *ul*ulu-st*ni-ulu-st*or-tho *sol(u)- o(?) Akkadian *sub*dus*k ur --

Urartian Narrow Transcr. ur=i =use ur=urdu u a=kune u =ibte uz(=)gi- (?) ware wal=d/tPhonetic Transcr. u =isx=o u =ordos os a=kun os =iwt u (=)giwa wa/l= Significance weapon smithy, armoury blacksmith, gunsmith intr. to go, to raid, to march, tr. to send, to dispatch (?) raid, attack, campaign power, might granary, defilade, hidingplace to win (over), to overcome, to roll, to bend Armenian P.-I.-E.

--ost-n-owm to leap, to jump, to rush forward, to fall on, etc, ost-an-im to burst forth, to escape from, to go out of, to rush forward, etc --oy -, ow gin strong, great; violent, vehement ga -em to cover, to hide

*ozdo-s --Iranian * l

zzani-

z-, jjayni-

z-, j- a prefix to talk, to say, to call

gl(-ec-owc-an)-em to roll; to bend, to incline, * l, * l, to win over (also - in dispute), to surpass, to excel, etc, gal- ar-em to roll (up); to bend; to shrivel (cf. dial. gl-t-or-em to roll), etc. z-, j- (augmentative prefix) *gh jayn-em to cry out, to exclaim; to call, to invite; *ghu n- i to pronounce, to address, to tell, to express; to name, jayn ta-l to cry out, to exclaim, to shout; to speak, jayn, -i voice, sound, speech, word, etc. ce , -i tribe, caste, race, etc *skel1 ard-em to cut/break in pieces, to break, to shatter, to smash, etc leard < * iard liver s-, sa, so- demonstrative pronominal stems of Iperson (proximity to speaker) sa this, that (anaphoric) a-y-s this so-yn this, that, self, the same n-, na, no- demonstrative pronominal stems of III-person (proximity to other) na he, she: that, it (anaphoric) a-y-n that, it, the no-yn him/her/itself; he, she, it, the same -n (III-person enclitic definite article) asti adv./a. hence, thence; here; this, present, ast adv. here, in this place ayd/ti adv. thence, from that place a-y-s-r adv. here, in this place; hither, to this place, a-y-s-r- n adv. back, again a-y-d-r(- n) adv. just there, in the same place: from the same place, again, anew or *a-y-n-r (- n) * ku -t *ko, *ke -*ai- ko/e *ko *no, *ne -*ai-no *no *ne *ko, *ke *to *ko, *ke *to *no, ne

zel=be zeldzielde e-, a-, u(i)= aai= ei i= une-, na-,nui=naai=nei i=nuini/e e/i tiedii= er= ine i=d/neri= ine

e =w erdierd s -, sa-, so(i)=saay=s i=son -,na-, noi=naay=n i=noin(i) e/is iedii=ser=hin i=d/ner= hin

seed; descendants to constrict, to break, to smash, to shatter (the enemies) liver demonstrative pronominal stems of proximal objects this this one/thing this (same), the same demonstrative pronominal stems of distal objects that that one/thing that same, the same definite article/pronoun adv. here adv. there; (right) after; from there a pronominal adverb a pronominal adverb

Many other words can be included into the list of Armenian-Urartian doubtful parallel word forms. The list below includes some of them (about 25 words).
Trans. Phonetic Trans. Significance Armenian P.-I.-E.

Trans. ama=ni/e ar e a e=ni/e (?) bura=ne bura= ti=ne

Phonetic Trans. ama=n(i) ax a e=n(i) bu a=n bu a=s hi=n

Significance vessel, pot family, tribe, goods and chattels father slave to enslave, to subjugate

Armenian aman vase, vessel, pot, etc a x equipage: goods and chattels, progeny, descendants, family, people, tribe, etc dial. atta mother, ato old woman bow n, -an, fist, b n-em to take, to hold, to seize; to entrap, etc, etc. - -, b n-an-am to encroach, to invade, to subject, to tyrannize, to rule, to reign, etc.

P.-I.-E. *am*atta (?) *bh r--

uare

xuxa

=ar=ani/e iu

y=ar=an(i) yo

kamn=a e mari mu i/e n=ir=be pe(i)

kamn=ax mari mu (i) n=ir=w e(i)

(for)which (?), therefore (?) z-i conj. for, because, in order that, to the end that; that; z-i ? adv. what?, what thing?, why?, for what reason ?, (z-)i-n- (dat. hi-m) (some) thing; some, a/an, one, certain, single, any to trouble, to worry xow-em (?) to deal harshly with, to trouble; to worry, etc road, raid (?) xa -am to play, to leap, fig. to move, to walk, to go, to depart; to go away, to march, to start on a journey pedestal, socle, an y-ar attached, joined, adjacent extension, outhouse when, how, if, which y-o where, ow-r adv. where, whither, conj. while; when, on, o-r pron. who, which, what, that; etc. early, formerly ka(n)n-owx adv. before the time, prematurely, very early noble, high government emp- mar lord loyee faithful, fair, skilful h-mowt, -i well versed; expert, skilful, skilled (with mut/muc come in, entrance alternation) goods, property under armour kid (?) to throw, to move n(i)- (prefix) + ir, i-a thing, affair; substance; reality ye-n-em to lean upon, on or against, ye-c -owc an-em to lean against the wall, etc. karka (?) heap of stone jar he-goat jg-em(<*jowg-em ?) to spread; to throw, to hurl; to shoot; to draw, etc or ow-em, og-ay to begin a journey, to set out, to go away, to leave, to move. etc

*k i-

*khal

*ar*k u-(ro)

Hayassian (?) *m d *ni-k iro/i *g hu- *k -u/o *k sti

qarqar=ani/e karka =an(i) sale jar suuijuwior owie ti=ne ses i=n

strongly, vehemently

id(i= t)ule

s (i=st)su

to build not enough, less (soil, ground) world, empire to flow out (?), to overflow (?) allowance (?), ration (?)

sast-ik a. excessive, extreme; intense, violent, strong; severe, etc, sast-ik-s adv. vehemently, strongly, with all one's force, power or strength; etc st-an-am 1) to create, to erect, 2) to acquire, to *st -, *sti obtain, to get, etc. sow , -i little; brief, short, concise pl. soray-k width ow x-e/im to inundate, to overflow pl./abst. goy-k existence, goods *vse

ure=le (pl.) sore=r ul u xuu= e wo(y)=s

Source: Sargis Ayvazyan. UrartianArmenian: lexicon and comparative-historical grammar Chapter III. Yerevan State University Press, 2008, 400 pages. ISBN 978-5-8034-0989-7 (in English ) 2011, 306 pages. ISBN 978-5-8084-1407-5 (in Armenian )