III.

MINE OPERATION

UNIT OPERATION
Prepare Drill Bench
- Level bench with bulldozer

- Inspect highwall for potential rockfalls and scale as necessary - Survey and lay out drill holes

Beneficiation plant

TAILINGS

Drill Blastholes

WASTE ORE
Haul Material
- Ore and waste - can be local, as with rubber-tired vehicles used in a gathering mode, or long distance -Haulage can be cyclical or continuous. i. Cyclical: trucks or load-and-carry vehicles. ii. Continuous: conveyor belts or pipelines.

Blast
- Load explosives into boreholes - Connect detonators so as to give desired firing order and times - Fire when safe to do so

Load Fragmented Material

- soft material will be fragmented by the cutting action of the loading machine(Belt Conveyor or LHD)

EQUIPMENTS BLASTING: 1. Explosives - Used to fragment materials. e.g. ANFO( ammonium nitrate fuel oil)

2. Truck mounted drill

LOADING: 1. Power Shovel - is a bucket-equipped machine, usually electrically powered, used for digging and loading earth or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction.

2. Conveyor (Belt Conveyor) - consists of two or more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material - the conveyor belt - that rotates about them. One or both of the pulleys are powered, moving the belt and the material on the belt forward. The powered pulley is called the drive pulley while the unpowered pulley is called the idler.

3. Backhoe

- also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader. The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as the boom, and the section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper stick (the terms "boom" and "dipper" having been used previously on steam shovels). The boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the kingpost, which allows the arm to slew left and right, usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics.

HAULING: 1. Dump truck - is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt) for construction. A typical dump truck is equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear, the front of which can be lifted up to allow the contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery.

2. Conveyor -this can also be used to transport or haul fragmented rocks depending upon the distance of transport.

HAZARDS 1. Explosives: -lack of blast area security -flyrock

-premature blast -misfire 2. Truck Mounted Drill: - struck another person. - fire 3. Loading -Overturns caused by turning uphill on a steep slope. Hitting an object such as a ditch, stump, or hole while moving can cause an overturn or cause the operator or an extra rider to fall off and be runover. -Load falls to another person. -Foot brake linkage fails. - fire -falling onto elevated surfaces, tailings etc.

4. Hauling equipment - overturn - hit another worker or person. - falling from bench or to elevated places w/ cliff like some roadways. - service brake fails. -fire 5. Other hazards - Collapse of unstable highwalls - Falling from bench/ledge cut.