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Nv
r
= 0 (3)
1
m
@ v
@ t
v
@ v
@ r
=
@s
r
@ r
N(s
r
s
q
)
r
(4)
where N=1 and N=2 indicate cylindrical and spherical
geometries, respectively, 1
m
is the casings constant density,
according to assumption 2.
Integrate Eq. (3) and yield
v(r; t) = c(t)=r
N
(5)
where c(t) is an arbitrary function only depending on time t.
Integrating Eq. (4) onthe interval (r
1
, r
2
) andemploying Eqs.
(2) and (5), we obtain
Figure 2. Casings driven by one-dimensional convergent detonation products.
1
m
dc(t)
dt
ln
r
2
r
1
1
2
1
m
[v
2
(r
2
) v
2
(r
1
)[ = s
r
(r
2
) s
r
(r
1
) sgn( _ r
2
)2Kln
r
2
r
1
2m c(t)
1
r
2
2
1
r
2
1
N = 1 (6a)
1
m
dc(t)
dt
1
r
1
1
r
2
1
2
1
m
[v
2
(r
2
) v
2
(r
1
)[ = s
r
(r
2
) s
r
(r
1
) sgn( _ r
2
)4 Kln
r
2
r
1
16
3
m c(t)
1
r
3
2
1
r
3
1
N = 2 (6b)
Differentiating Eq. (5) with respect to t gives
_ c = r
N
r N_ r
2
r
N1
(7)
Symbol indicates the derivative with respect to t. Conservation of mass for incompressible materials may be represented
here as
r
N1
2
r
N1
1
= r
N1
20
1 (8)
Combining Eqs. (6), (7) and (8), we obtain the motion equation for spherical and cylindrical casings
1
m
r
1
ln
r
2
r
1
r
1
1
m
ln
r
2
r
1
1
2
1
r
2
1
r
2
2
_ r
2
1
= s
r
(r
2
) s
r
(r
1
) sgn( _ r
2
)2Kln
r
2
r
1
2m 1
r
1
r
2
2
_ r
1
r
1
N = 1 (9a)
1
m
r
1
1
r
1
r
2
r
1
1
m
2 1
r
1
r
2
1
2
1
r
1
r
2
4
_ r
2
1
= s
r
(r
2
) s
r
(r
1
) sgn( _ r
2
)4Kln
r
2
r
1
16m
3
1
r
1
r
2
3
_ r
1
r
1
N = 2
(9b)
44 D. Tan, C. Sun and Y. Wang
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 28 (2003), No. 1
4 Pressure of Detonation Products on the Casing
The key to the model is how to evaluate the pressure of
detonation products on the inner or outer casing surface,
respectively for the divergent or convergent case. In
addition, the resistance to the other casing surface without
loading but contacting some medium should be considered
separately. However, nowthis surface is assumedtobe a free
one in this paper. An approximate analytical solution to the
divergent detonation products flow has be obtained in our
former works [6], where the Riemanns invariants a, b were
deduced as the functions of a scaled self-similar variable
s
r
(r
1
) =
1
k 1
k
2
1
2k
2k
k1
(a _ r
1
)
2k
k1
(10)
a =
3k1
k
2
1
4
2
l
k 1
1
r
1
t
1=2
8
k 1
l
1
2
1
r
1
t
t _2r
1
1
k 1
t >2r
1
(11)
Figure 3. The comparison between calculation and experiment
under spherical divergent detonation (experimental data are
taken from Ref. 9)
Figure 4. The comparison between calculation and simulation
under spherical divergent detonation (K=0.53 GPa, 1
e
/1
m
=
0.218, m =3.0 10
3
Pa s, k =2.7, D=7.98 km/s)
Figure 5. The comparison between calculation and simulation under spherical convergent detonation (K=0.53 GPa, 1
e
/1
m
=0.218,
m =3.0 10
3
Pa s, k =2.7, D=7.98 km/s)
Figure 6. The comparison between calculation and experiment
under cylindrical divergent detonation
Acceleration and Viscoplastic Deformation of Spherical and Cylindrical Casings under Explosive Loading 45
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 28 (2003), No. 1
where l =
Nk=(k 1)