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Multiple injury- body wound, deformity, shock or alteration in the normal structure of the body brought about by external

force or trauma. The extent of damage depends on the severity of the trauma and body part affected. More often multiple injuries are composed of several types of tissue damage from skin, muscle, bones, and sometimes internal organs. Multiple injuries can lead to different complication such as circulatory shock, respiratory failure and death.

CAUSES OF MULTIPLE INJURIES:


Acts of violence by others Bicycle or motor vehicle accidents Bite or sting injuries Burns (thermal, chemical or electrical) Drowning Falls, impacts Overuse and repetitive motion injuries Poisonings and chemical exposures Sports or athletic injuries Age (injuries are a common cause of death in those 44 and younger, and older people are at greater risk of sustaining injuries from falling) Aggressive or violent behavior Alcohol and illicit drug use Bone or joint disorders Certain medications that depress the central nervous system or reduce blood pressure Chronic illnesses Decreased sensation Dementia and other conditions that affect mental function Gait disturbances Poor vision Reduced mobility Weakness Engaging in regular physical activity to enhance general good health Installing handrails and grab bars Obeying speed limits and using crosswalks Optimizing lighting in and around your home Putting children in car seats and booster seats Reducing clutter and other tripping hazards in your home or office Using nonslip mats or strips in the bathtub and shower Wearing a helmet when riding bicycles, scooters or motorcycles Wearing a seatbelt when driving Wearing appropriate safety equipment during sports or other potentially risky activities Wearing safety equipment, such as goggles, aprons and gloves, when working with hazardous substances or in dangerous areas

RISK FACTORS FOR MULTIPLE INJURIES:

INCISIONS. Incisions, commonly called cuts, are wounds made by sharp cutting instruments such as knives, razors, and broken glass. CONTUSION- also commonly referred to as bruising, although the outer layer of skin may appear undamaged, there may have been extensive damage to underlying structures. Blood accumulates under the skin causing localized swelling. LACERATIONS These wounds are torn, rather than cut. They have ragged, irregular edges and masses of torn tissue underneath. These wounds are usually made by blunt, rather than sharp, objects. PUNCTURES Punctures are caused by objects that penetrate into the tissues while leaving a small surface opening. AVULSIONS An avulsion is the tearing away of tissue from a body part. AMPUTATIONS. A traumatic amputation is the nonsurgical removal of the limb from the body.

2. FRACTURE- breaks in the continuity of the bone

REDUCING YOUR RISK OF INJURIES:

TYPES OF INJURY

1. WOUNDS- An injury, especially one in which the skin or another external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken. Types of Wounds ABRASIONS. Abrasions are made when the skin is rubbed or scraped off.

3.BURN- type of injury to flesh caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, light, radiation or friction.

Dizziness or lightheadedness Enlarged liver or spleen Shortness of breath MUSCLES OR JOINTS Bone or joint deformity Loss of sensation Pain Reduced mobility (range of motion) Swelling, redness or warmth OTHER Abdominal pain or cramping Bloody or pink-colored urine (hematuria) Bloody stool (blood may be red, black, or tarry in texture Hematoma (collection of blood in body tissues) Pain Vomiting blood or black material (resembling coffee grounds)

4. INTERNAL HEMORRHAGE- is bleeding occurring inside the body. Common symptoms that may occur with internal bleeding in: HEAD Change in mental status Confusion Garbled or slurred speech or inability to speak Headache Loss of vision or changes in vision Numbness or tingling Paralysis Weakness (loss of strength) CHEST OR ABDOMEN Abdominal, pelvic, or lower back pain that can be severe Abdominal swelling, distension or bloating Bruising around the navel or of the flanks Chest pain Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) Difficulty breathing

COMMON INJURY TREATMENTS: Antibiotic ointments or liquids to reduce the risk of infection Pain medications to reduce discomfort Resuscitation to maintain circulation, airway, ventilation, and blood volume R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression and elevation), particularly for sprains, strains, pulled muscles, and other soft tissue injuries Splinting, casting, setting or relocating broken bones and joint dislocations Stabilization of the neck and back Stitches to close surface layers of the skin Surgery to remove foreign bodies, stop bleeding, and repair or remove damaged tissues and organs Transfusion to replace lost blood Use of topical cortisone, antihistamines, or epinephrine for injuries that may be associated with allergies, such as bug bites and bee stings Wound cleansing or irrigation to remove foreign particles Wound dressings to protect wounds cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS OF MULTIPLE INJURY: Abscess Amputation Decreased range of motion Deformity Infection Loss of bladder or bowel control Loss of cognitive function Loss of sensation or abnormal sensations

NATUEL, Mary Rose P. OMAA, Aaron Jacob P. PAGLKALINAWAN, Oliver C.


BSN 4- OREM

Loss of vision Paralysis or inability to move a body part Physical disability Weakness Circulatory shock Respiratory failure Death

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