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To this diversity we add a regular echinoid species new to Jamaica. The genus Orthopsis Cotteau was first recorded from the island by Donovan and Lewis (1993:189, fig. 1), who briefly recorded two specimens in the H. L. Hawkins collection as Orthopsis sp. These specimens were from the Marchmont Inlier opposite Catadupa, parish of St. James (BMNH EE 2785) and the Central Inlier, parish of Clarendon (BMNH EE2786), and were assigned to Orthopsis miliaris (dArchiac) by Smith and Jeffery (2000:45). Herein we add a second Jamaican species to this genus, Orthopsis sp. cf. O. casanovai Cooke, 1955. Descriptive terminology used herein follows Melville and Durham (1966), and Durham and Wagner (1966). The protocol of open nomenclature follows Bengtson (1988). The classification of the Echinoidea follows Smith (1995). The specimens of Orthopsis spp. discussed herein are deposited in the Geology Museum, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica (UWIGM) and the Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH).

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Class ECHINOIDEA Leske Infraclass ACROECHINOIDEA Smith Plesion (Order) ORTHOPSIDA Mortensen Family ORTHOPSIDAE Duncan Genus Orthopsis Cotteau
Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 37, No. 3-4, 295-298 Copyright 2001 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

A Second Species of Orthopsis Cotteau (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Jamaica
DAVID N. LEWIS AND STEPHEN K. DONOVAN Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, England 2Department of Palaeontology, Nationaal Natuurhistorsich Museum, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Regular echinoids (= epifaunal) are commonly less diverse in Upper Cretaceous fossiliferous deposits than the mainly infaunal irregular echinoids (Kier, 1977:table 1). In contrast with this global pattern, the Upper Cretaceous of Jamaica has yielded more nominal regular than irregular echinoid species (Donovan, 1993:fig. 2). This situation contrasts with the global pattern shown by post-Paleozoic echinoids, in which irregular echinoids are invariably more diverse at the species level than regular echinoids for any stage, due at least in part to taphonomic factors (Kier, 1977; Smith, 1984; Greenstein, 1993). Although careful study of disarticulated ossicles of regular echinoids (principally spines) in any given stratigraphic unit may increase their known diversity (Donovan and Paul, 1998), this methodology has had little effect on the Jamaican Campanian-Maastrichtian, from which most regular echinoid taxa are known from tests and spines.
1 21

Type species.Cidarites miliaris dArchiac (in dArchiac and Haime, 1853:179, pl. 11, fig. 8, by original designation of Cotteau, 1864:558). Diagnosis.See Smith and Jeffery (2000:44). Orthopsis sp. cf. O. casanovai Cooke, 1955 (Fig. 1) Material, Locality and Horizon.A single specimen, UWIGM 2888 (Fig. 1). Collected from along the road between Bruce Hall (about NGR 551 817; 1:50,000 topographic sheet (new series) #6, The Cockpit Country) to Cambridge (about NGR 545 845), parish of St. James, western Jamaica. Marchmont Inlier (Gunter, 2000). Reference to McFarlane (1977) suggests that this specimen came from the outcrop area of the Santonian-Campanian Veniella Shales, beneath the higher Titanosarcolites limestones (Upper Cretaceous) (Robinson, 1994). Description.-Test rigid, medium size and height, circular, low hemispherical, with oral surface depressed around the peristome, ambitus rounded at about one third of test height. Specimen slightly crushed at interabulacrum 2b-ambulacrum II; more apparently so on apical surface. Slight displacement present between the two columns of interambulacrum 4, also more apparent on apical surface. Overall effect is to give test outline a slightly oval appearance in direction of V-2 axis. Apical disc dicyclic, with madreporic plate elongated abapically along 2-IV axis. No sculpture preserved. Ocular plates (I-V) exsert, each a more or less rounded pentagon in outline, kidney-shaped, with obvious ocular pore. Five genital plates (1-5), each with a

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FIG. 1. Orthopsis sp. cf. O. casanovai Cooke, 1955, UWIGM 2888, Marchmont Inlier, Jamaica (Upper Cretaceous). A, apical view. B, oral view. C, lateral view. Specimen coated with ammonium chloride sublimate. Scale in mm. moderately large genital pore; porous madreporic plate (2) larger than other genital plates. Periproct a rounded polygon (perhaps originally circular), central within the central disc. Peristome circular and central, with asymmetrical buccal notches moderately developed, indented 1.6 mm into test, and 1.3 mm wide, and with a shallow raised rim. Ambulacra non-petaloid, much narrower than interambulacra, which at ambitus are approximately 2.5 wider than ambulacra. Plates twice as long as high. Pore columns simple, uniserial, pores circular, pore pairs trigeminate, straight or in slight arcs close to peristome, and parallel to horizontal sutures. Primary tubercles perforate, non-crenulate, and form regular, even and straight columns. They are flush, not sunken into test. Mamelons rounded, about half diameter of boss. Neck straight; platform narrow and flat. Boss straight-sided or very slightly concave, and slightly elongated adradially-perradially. Each tubercle situated centrally on two non-pore bearing components of plate. With 25-26 primary tubercles per column. Primary tubercles flanked by two secondary tubercles at base. Secondary tubercles of adjacent plate produce a rectangular pattern around each primary tubercle and are about 40 % diameter of primary tubercles. Interambulacra approximately 2.5 wider than ambulacra at ambitus. Primary tubercles medium size, flush, not sunken into test, perforate, non-crenulate and form regular, even and straight columns, with 14-15 primary tubercles per column, which alternate with two other columns of secondary tubercles. Each neck straight, platform narrow and flat, boss slightly convex, rising steeply from a narrow basal terrace. Tubercle covers about 25 % of adradial side of plate. Scrobicular circles contiguous, with imperforate tubercles subequal to primary mamelon. About seven of these tubercles at ambitus. Secondary tubercles form two other columns interradial to the primaries. Interradial-most secondary tubercle of a plate is the smallest, about half the size of a primary tubercle, and present just adapical to ambitus to just aboral to the peristome, though not reaching it. Seven such tubercles present. Secondary tubercle adjacent to primary about three quarters of its size, with13-14 interambulacral plates. Structure of both kinds of secondary tubercles like that of the primary tubercle. Dimensions.See Table 1. Remarks.The Jamaican specimen is slightly larger than the one figured by Cooke (1955:pl. 20 figs. 1-3), who recorded a test diameter of 38 mm, height of 16 mm, and peristome diameter of 14 mm. The type spe-

NOTES TABLE 1. Measurements of the test of UWIGM 2888, Orthopsis sp. cf. O. casanovai. Component diameter of test height of test diameter of peristome diameter of periproct (measured from 4-I) length at ambitus of ambulacral plates height at ambitus of ambulacral plates length at ambitus of interambulacral plates height at ambitus of interambulacral plates diameter of primary ambulacral tubercles at ambitus diameter of primary interambulacral tubercles at ambitus diameter of primary ambulacral tubercles at ambitus diameter of primary interambulacral tubercules at ambitus dimensions of disc components: ocular plates I-V height length genital plates 3-5 (genital plate 1 is disrupted by crushing) height length madreporic plate 2 height length Dimensions (mm) 47-50 (some crushing) 19 20 4.2 4.1 1.8 10.6 3.1 1.4 2.1 1.4 2.1

297

1.3 1.5 2.3 3.8 3.8 3.1

cies of Orthopsis, O. miliaris (dArchiac) (such as that from the Maastrichtian, North Oman mountains, figured by Smith (1995:pl. 2, fig. 5; pl. 3, figs 1, 2, 4), and referred to by Cooke), has a slightly pentangular outline and a rather less tubercular appearance. Two specimens of Jamaican Orthopsis sp. were figured by Donovan and Lewis (1993:figs. 1), both from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Jamaica. BMNH EE 2785 is very angular pentagonal (Donovan and Lewis, 1993:fig. 1a, b), unlike the specimen described herein, and is closer in outline to the type species. BMNH EE 2786, the smaller specimen figured (Donovan and Lewis, 1993:fig. 1c-e), is not angular, but has been crushed laterally. Perhaps some angularity may be attributed to its distorted preservation, being almost as rounded as the specimen of O. cf. casanovai recorded herein. The Marchmont Inlier has yielded at least six other species of Upper Cretaceous echinoid (Donovan, 1993:table 1), not including certain new specimens recently unearthed by Mr. Gavin Gunter (University of the West Indies, Mona) and awaiting description. However, most or all of the regular echinoids from this inlier come from the Titanosarcolites Limestone; UWIGM 2888 has a well-lithified infill, perhaps suggesting that it originated from limestone rather than shale. Only the spatangoid Hemiaster sp. has hitherto been reported from the Veniella Shales. Acknowledgments.We thank Ms X. M. Ventikou (formerly Palaeontology Conservation Unit, BMNH) for cleaning an intractable specimen, the Photographic Unit, BMNH, provided the images of UWIGM 2888,

and Mrs E. Strickland and Mrs J. Thomas (both exUWIGM) supplied locality data. Professor T. S. Hopkins (University of Alabama) and two anonymous referees provided constructive reviews. LITERATURE CITED Archaic, V. d, and J. Haime. 1853. Description des animaux fossiles du groupe nummulitique de lInde. Gide and Baudry, Paris. 373 pp. Bengtson, P. 1988. Open nomenclature. Palaeontology, 31:223-227. Cooke, C. W., 1955. Some Cretaceous echinoids from the Americas. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 264-E:87112. Cotteau, G. 1861-1867. Paleontologique Francaise. Ter rains cretaces. Tome VII, Echinides. Masson, Paris. 892 pp. Donovan, S. K. 1993. Jamaican Cretaceous Echinoidea. In R. M. Wright and E. Robinson (eds.), Biostratigraphy of Jamaica. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 182:93103. Donovan, S. K. and D. N. Lewis. 1993. The H.L. Hawkins collection of Caribbean fossil echinoids: annotated catalog of rediscovered specimens from the University of Reading, England. Carib. J. Sci. 29: 186-201. Donovan, S. K. and C. R. C. Paul. 1998. Echinoderms of the Pliocene Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. In S. K. Donovan (ed.), The Pliocene Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. Contr. Tertiary Quaternary Geol. 35:129-146.

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NOTES Melville, R. V., and J. W. Durham. 1966. Skeletal morphology. In R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part U, Echinodermata 3(1), p. U220-U252. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, New York and Lawrence. Robinson, E. 1994. Jamaica. In S. K. Donovan and T. A. Jackson (eds.), Caribbean geology: an introduction, pp. 111-127. University of the West Indies Publishers Association, Kingston. Smith, A. B. 1984. Echinoid palaeobiology. George Allen and Unwin, London. xii+190 pp. . 1995. Late Campanian-Maastrichtian echinoids from the United Arab Emirates-Oman border region. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Geol.) 51:121-240. , and C. H. Jeffery. 2000. Maastrichtian and Palaeocene echinoids: a key to world faunas. Spec. Pap. Palaeont. 63:406 pp.

Durham, J. W., and C. D. Wagner. 1966. Glossary of morphological terms applied to echinoids. In R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part U, Echinodermata 3(1), p. U251, U253-U256. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, New York and Lawrence. Greenstein, B. J. 1993. Is the fossil record of regular echinoids really so poor? A comparison of living and subfossil assemblages. Palaios 8:587-601. Gunter, G. C. 2000. New insights into the biostratigraphy of the Maldon and Marchmont inliers, northwestern Jamaica. Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstr. W. Progr. 32(7):A-447. Kier, P. M. 1977. The poor fossil record of the regular echinoid. Paleobiology 3:168-174. McFarlane, N. (compiler). 1977. Jamaica - Geology 1: 250,000 sheet. Mines and Geology Division, Kingston.