FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION

CBWT3103 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

JANUARY 2011

MATRICULATION NO : IDENTITY CARD NO. TELEPHONE NO. E-MAIL LEARNING CENTRE : : : :

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

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TITLE TABLE OF CONTENTS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THE CODE OUTPUT REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION : While mobile access to the Internet is very often associated with wireless technology, it is important to note that the two concepts are actually distinct. There are a number of ways you can be mobile while still using a fixedline, as follows: A mobile device (e.g., laptop) can be connected to multiple fixed access points. This would be the case with a travelling salesperson who calls up e-mail from the hotel every evening. A person may be mobile (roaming user) and log into multiple fixed devices (PCs) connected with fixed lines. Whether they are stations in an Internet caf or guest terminals in a companys reception area, or more generally, at home, there are numerous opportunities to access the Internet.

Wireless networking might include the following: WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network) WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) It is also possible to have a wireless connection that does not support mobility. The typical reason for this would be if the devices using the connection are too large or heavy (desktop PCs or servers) to be easily transported. It might seem counter intuitive to configure these machines with wireless interfaces. However, the advantage of wireless

technology in these scenarios derives from economical considerations such as deployment costs rather than improved accessibility (John R, 2002). In depth explanation will be discuss later in this assignment.

QUESTION 1: WPAN (WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORK). Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) connects devices usually belonging to one single individual and spanning a very small area for several meters (John R, 2002). The scope of a PAN is then of the order of a few metres, generally assumed to be less than 10m, although some WPAN technologies may have a greater reach. A key concept in WPAN technology is known as "plugging in". In the ideal scenario, when any two WPAN equipped devices come into close proximity (within several meters of each other) or within a few kilometres of a central server, they can communicate as if connected by a cable. Another important feature is the ability of each device to lock out other devices selectively, preventing needless interference or unauthorized access to information. IEEE 802.15 is the 15th working group of the IEEE 802 and specializes in Wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) standards (WIKIPEDIA). Examples of WPAN technologies are: ZigBee : Specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), such as wireless light switches with lamps, consumer electronics equipment via short-range radio needing low

rates of data transfer. The technology defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking. Bluetooth : Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1)protocol started out as a replacement for office interconnection cables such as serial, parallel, Universal Serial Bus [USB] keyboard, and mouse cables and infrared (IR) connections between portable devices. 802.15.3 : IEEE 802.15.3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate (11 to 55 Mbit/s) WPANs. 802.15.3c : Millimeter-wave-based alternative physical layer (PHY) for the existing 802.15.3 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Standard 802.15.32003. In addition, the millimeter-wave WPAN allows very high data rate over 2 Gbit/s applications such as high speed internet access, streaming content download (video on demand, HDTV, home theater, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement. Optional data rates in excess of 3 Gbit/s will be provided. WLAN (WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK). A wireless LAN can be very similar to a fixed LAN with the exception that it uses airwaves rather than cabling to connect the devices. Wireless LANs typically span a very confined area (home, office building). Instead of a socket for a cable connector, each terminal has a small transceiver. By using a wireless LAN protocol the devices are able to interact with each other. There may also be a central point where a stationary transceiver connects to a fixed line. This point (usually known as Access Points) effectively works as a bridge and passes network traffic to and from the mobile devices.

Wireless LANs using IEEE 802.11 as standard protocol. Standard 802.11 was developed as a replacement for wired LAN technology such as Ethernet (802.3). It typically covers the area of an office building or a group of adjacent buildings. Commonly used 802.11 protocol are as described below : 802.11a : Operates in the 5 GHz band with a maximum net data rate of 54 Mbit/s, plus error correction code, which yields realistic net achievable throughput in the mid-20 Mbit/s. High data rate extension using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).. 802.11b : Maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit/s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard. 802.11b devices suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices, baby monitors and cordless telephones. 802.11g : Works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b), but uses the same OFDM based transmission scheme as 802.11a. Like 802.11b, 802.11g devices suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band, for example wireless keyboards. 802.11n : 802.11n is an amendment which improves upon the previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO). 802.11n operates on both the 2.4 GHz and the lesser used 5 GHz bands. Enterprises were already migrating to 802.11n networks based on the Wi-Fi Alliance's certification of products conforming to a 2007 draft of the 802.11n proposal.

WMAN (WIRELESS METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK). In order to extend the range of a wireless transceiver beyond the LAN the current state of technology involves power requirements and antenna sizes that prohibit mobility. Nonetheless wireless technologies for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) have generated a strong interest in fixed wireless techniques. Moreover, fixed wireless, also called Wireless Local Loop (WLL) is becoming a competitor to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cable for providing broadband to homes and small offices. The two main technologies are Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS), which both offer relatively high speeds and long range compared with other wireless protocols. LMDS operates at a higher frequency (27.531.3 GHz). It provides a shorter range (around 1,500 meters) but delivers more bandwidth (up to 150 Mbps). MMDS uses a lower frequency (2.12.7 GHz). It covers a wider range (up to 50 km on ideal terrain) but provides less bandwidth (up to 50 Mbps).

IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) is the working group of IEEE 802 dedicated to BWA. Its aim is to propose standards for (high data rate) WMAN (Loutfi M, 2007). BWA networks have a much greater range than WLAN WiFi. In fact, IEEE 802.16 BWA has two variants: IEEE 802.16-2004, which defines a fixed wireless access WMAN technology, and IEEE 802.16e, which is an amendment of 802.16-2004 approved in December 2005. It included mobility and then fast handover, then becoming a Wireless WAN.

WWAN (WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORK). A wide area network differs from a local area network by the technology used to transmit the signal and their size. Wireless networks of all sizes deliver data in the form of telephone calls, web pages, and streaming video. The data network covering a wide geographical area, as big as the Planet. WANs are based on the connection of LANs, allowing users in one location to communicate with users in other locations. Typically, a WAN consists of a number of interconnected switching nodes. These connections are made using leased lines and circuit-switched and packet-switched methods. The most (by far) presently used WAN is the Internet network (Loutfi N, 2007). A WWAN differs from WLAN (wireless local area network) in that it uses mobile telecommunication cellular network technologies such as WIMAX (though it is better applied to WMAN Networks), UMTS, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA2000, GSM, CDPD, Mobitex, HSDPA, HSUPA or 3G to transfer data. WWANs using IEEE802.20 as protocol standards. WWAN also using IEEE 802.22 as a standard for Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) using white spaces in the TV frequency spectrum.

QUESTION 2 : For Batu Pahat Youth Center WiFi connectivity, I've choosen Streamyx and P1 WiMax to perform a comparative study. These are the best ISP in Malaysia by refering to their 99% uptime in their website online testimonials. P1 WiMax : P1 WiMax using 4g technology, equals up to 1.0Gbits/s. By choosing Pro Plans for enterprise package, P1 Pro Plans offering download speed for 4.8Mbits/s with usage quota of 30GBytes per month. For this package, P1 WiMax offered RM239 for the first month and RM169 for the month after. WiFi Access Point included with 802.11/b/g/n supported. For the additional traffic quota, RM10 for 2Gbytes added. STREAMYX : Streamyx are using wired WAN connection, ADSL technology that offers up to 16Mbit/s speed. Streamyx 4Mbps SOHO package offers download speed for 4.0Mbit/s with unlimited usage quota. Streamyx price package is RM468 per month. WiFi Access Point included but only supports 802.11b/g. There is no additional payments, since streamyx are using unlimited traffic usage quota.

REFERENCES :

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