Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cellular concept (PP) Multiple access techniques (PP) Introduction to GSM & GPRS (hps) Wireless Personal Area Networks and Bluetooth (PP) WLAN and WIMAX (PP/hps)
www.kom.auc.dk/~hps/
Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06 Page 1
Page 2
800
200
year
Page 3
Content
1. Introduction
Cellular Concepts & Technologies Network Architecture, Air Interface Signalling/Call Setup, Mobility Support Data Services, HSCSD GPRS: Architecture, Air-Interface, Core-Network Modifications UMTS domains and architecture PDP contexts, APNs, TFTs Bearers full network architecture
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 4
Today:
Page 5
GSM Architecture
Components:
BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center HLR/VLR: Home/Visitor Location Register AuC: Authentication Center EIR: Equipment Identity Register OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
Operation Subsystem
OMC
Transmission:
Circuit switched transfer Radio link capacity: 9.6 kb/s (FDMA/TDMA) Duration based charging
MS BTS
EIR
Radio Link
Page 6
GSM Services
Traditional voice services
voice telephony
primary goal of GSM was to enable mobile telephony offering the traditional bandwidth of 3.1 kHz common number throughout Europe (112); mandatory for all service providers; free of charge; connection with the highest priority (preemption of other connections possible) several ISDN phone numbers per user possible
voice mailbox (implemented in the fixed network supporting the mobile terminals) Supplementary services, e.g.: identification, call forwarding, number suppression, conferencing Non-Voice Services (examples) Fax Transmissions electronic mail (MHS, Message Handling System, implemented in the fixed network) Short Message Service (SMS)
alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile terminal using the signaling channel, thus allowing simultaneous use of basic services and SMS
Page 7
use of several carrier frequencies avoid same frequency in adjoining cells if a mobile user changes cells handover of the connection to the neighbor cell
Page 8
Downlink 960
4,615 ms
time slot: data bits 57 3 tail bits 1 toggle bit training 26 1 toggle bit
data bits
57 3 tail bits
... ...
48 24
49
50 25 6.12 s
24 ...
25 48 49 50
120 ms 235.4 ms
...
4.615 ms 577 s
Hans Peter Schwefel
935-960 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) downlink 890-915 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) uplink
3 bits
57 bits
1 26 bits 1
Page 12
57 bits
546.5 s 577 s
Hans Peter Schwefel
Page 13
Page 14
A MSC
CM
MM BSSAP SS7
PCM RR BTSM LAPD PCM
SS7
PCM
16/64 kbit/s
Page 15
4 5 7
VLR
3 6
calling station 1 PSTN
8 9 14 15
MSC
GMSC
10
BSS
10 13 16
BSS
10
BSS
11
11 11 12 17
MS
11
Page 16
MS
MTC
paging request channel request immediate assignment paging response authentication request authentication response ciphering command ciphering complete setup call confirmed assignment command assignment complete alerting connect connect acknowledge data/speech exchange
BTS
Page 17
BTS
BTS BSC
Page 18
Page 19
HO command
HO command
HO command
HO access
Link establishment clear command clear complete clear command clear complete HO complete HO complete
Page 20
Mobile Subscribers
Page 21
TCH/F4.8 1 2 3 4
TCH/F9.6 1
TCH/F14.4 1
2 3 4
2 3 4
Page 22
Content
1. Introduction
Cellular Concepts & Technologies Network Architecture, Air Interface Signalling/Call Setup, Mobility Support Data Services, HSCSD GPRS: Architecture, Air-Interface, Core-Network Modifications UMTS domains and architecture PDP contexts, APNs, TFTs Bearers full network architecture
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 23
Page 24
GPRS - Architecture
Components:
CCU: Channel Coding Unit PCU: Packet Control Unit SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node GR: GPRS Register
GSM GPRS
Components BSS Um MS
Transmission:
Packet Based Transmission Radio link: Radio transmission identical to GSM Different coding schemes (CS1-4) Use of Multiple Time Slots Volume Based Charging
A Abis
B T S B S C
Gs
C C U P C U
Gb
Gp Other
PLMN
Gn
MSC
SGSN
GGSN
Gi
HLR
G
GR
Gr
PDN
Page 25
1
9,05 kbit/s
2
9,05 kbit/s
3
9,05 kbit/s
8
9,05 kbit/s
Coding Scheme 4
72.4.......171,2 kbit/s
Page 26
Page 27
1 slot
2 slots
3 slots
4 slots
5 slots
6 slots
7 slots
8 slots
45.25 67 78 107
Page 28
Page 29
Page 30
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
PDN
Um
Gb
Gn
Gi
MSC
HLR/ GR EIR
VLR
Page 31
Mobility Management
Interception Handling
Performance Management
Session Management
SMS Handling
Page 32
Page 34
Coding Schemes
USF = Uplink State Flag owner of time-slot in next uplink TDMA frame Allows multiplexing of up to 8 MS on one time-slot Block header contains Temporary Flow Identifier (TFI) TFI and direction identifies Temporary Block Flow (TBF)
Page 35
Um
BSS
Gb
Gr
Attach Request
(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
Authentication/Ciphering
Attach Complete
(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
Page 36
.... 8 ....
48.......384 kbit/s
Advantages
Increased Data Rate No Modificatons in Core Network (SGSN/GGSN) required
Disadvantages
New Modulationscheme(8 PSK), not compatible to GSMK HW Changes in the BTS required
Page 37
2150
IMT-2000
2200
MSS MSS MSS
MHz
UTRA FDD
UTRA FDD
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
PHS
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
MHz
Page 38
Page 39
UMTS Domains
B S S ( R A N /G E R A N )
CS MGW
M S C -S e r v ./V L R
Nb Mc
G /E /N c
BTS
A b is
CS MGW
M S C - S e r v ./V L R
Nc
BSC
Um
G M S C -S e rv . Mc C Nb
B TS
Gb S IM - M E Iu C s
CS MGW
S IM ME H S S /A u C
CS D o m a in
Cx
UTRAN
U S IM
Cu Iu b is Gs
IM S D o m a in ( R e le a s e 5 )
MS
Node B
Gr Gc M b /G i
RNC
Uu
Node B
Iu r Iu P S
Gn
SGSN
GGSN
RNC
P S D o m a in
A cc ess N e tw o r k D o m a in U s e r E q u ip m e n t D o m a in In f r a s tr u c tu r e D o m a in
C o r e N e tw o r k D o m a in
Page 40
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home/Visited Location Register (HLR/VLR) Routers/Switches, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Radius Server, NTP Server, Firewalls/VPN Gateways
Application/Services IP-Based Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) [see 9th Semester] Operation, Administration & Maintenance (OAM) Charging Network [Legal Interception]
Page 41
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) on Radio Link transmission rate theoretically up to 2Mbit/s (realistic up to 300kb/s)
Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06 Page 42
Content
1. Introduction
Cellular Concepts & Technologies Network Architecture, Air Interface Signalling/Call Setup, Mobility Support Data Services, HSCSD GPRS: Architecture, Air-Interface, Core-Network Modifications UMTS domains and architecture PDP contexts, APNs, TFTs Bearers full network architecture
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 43
Transport of IP packets
IP tackets are tunnelled through the UMTS/GPRS network (GTP GPRS tunneling protocol)
User IP (v4 or v6)
Terminal UTRAN SGSN GGSN Application Server
Radio Bearer
Application
GTP-U
GTP-U
IP v4 or v6
IP v4 or v6
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
RLC MAC L1
Uu
RLC MAC L1
UDP/IP v4 or v6 L2 L1
Gn
UDP/IP v4 or v6 L2 L1 L2 L1
Gi
[Source: 3GPP]
Page 44
PDP contexts (Packet Data Protocol) activation done by UE before data transmission
specification of APN and traffic parameters GGSN delivers IP address to UE set-up of bearers and mobility contexts in SGSN and GGSN activation of multiple PDP contexts possible
IP Transport: Concepts
Access Point Names (APN) APNs identify external networks (logical Gi interfaces of GGSN)
At PDP context activation, the SGSN performs a DNS query to find out the GGSN(s) serving the APN requested by the terminal. The DNS response contains a list of GGSN addresses from which the SGSN selects one address in a round-robin fashion (for this APN).
ISP X
GGSN
APN X
Terminal
SGSN
ISP Y
GGSN
APN Y APN Z
ISP Z
Hans Peter Schwefel
[Source: 3GPP]
Page 46
End-to-End Service (IP Bearer Service) TE/MT Local Bearer Service UMTS Bearer Service Service Radio Access Bearer Service CN Bearer Service External Bearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
3G SGSN
3G GGSN
Page 47
IM S D o m a in DNS
IM S
A S N e tw o rk
V id e o M e s sa g e s
HSS
DHCP
P -C S C F I/S -C S C F
FT P
DNS
AS
V P N -G W Y
C o rp . N e tw o rk AS
SS7, Gr H L R /A u C
G i N e tw ork DNS
G n -P R I
DNS
G n -S E C
DMZ
ID S
In te rn e t
BG
AS
SG SN G n N e tw o rk
G GSN ID S
DNS
E xt
HT T P p ro x y E -m a il
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 #
UE1 BG
M N O 1 `s B a c k bo ne
BG
M N O 3IM S
UE3
DNS
E xt
GRX N e tw o rk
M NO2
BG UE2
Roaming Support:
UE attaches with SGSN in visited network PDP context is set-up to GGSN in home network (via Gp interface, GRX network)
Page 48
Summary
1. Introduction
Cellular Concepts & Technologies Network Architecture, Air Interface Signalling/Call Setup, Mobility Support Data Services, HSCSD GPRS: Architecture, Air-Interface, Core-Network Modifications UMTS domains and architecture PDP contexts, APNs, TFTs Bearers full network architecture
Page 49
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 50
Acknowledgements/References
Lecture notes: Mobile Communciations, Jochen Schiller, www.jochenschiller.de Marco Hoffmann, Master Thesis, Simulation of a flow-control algorithm between two nodes of the GPRS network, TU Munich and Siemens AG, 2001. Tutorial: IP Technology in 3rd Generation mobile networks, Siemens AG (J. Kross, L. Smith, H. Schwefel) Various 3GPP Presentations. www.3gpp.org J. Schiller: Mobile Communications. Addison-Wesley, 2000. GPRS books: T. Halonen, J. Romero, J. Melero: GSM, GRPS, EDGE Performance: Evolution towards 3G/UMTS, Wiley, 2003
Page 51
Exercises:
1. Data Rates: A user wants to do an FTP download of a 8MB Power-Point Presentation. Compute the duration of this download for the following access technologies GSM data service HSCSD, 4 timeslots GPRS, 4 timeslots (downlink) EDGE, 8 timeslots Wired ISDN access (64kbit/s) Give at least two reasons why the actual download times are likely to be longer than the ones just computed. Charging: The operator charges in GSM 15cent/min, in GPRS 0.1cent/kB. Compare the costs of the GSM and GPRS download in the FTP case as well as for a Web-session with duration of 1hour and overall data volume of 150kB. IP transport in GPRS networks: a mobile user has set-up a PDP context to an ISP which has assigned him the IP address 10.10.123.45 (private). The user now iniates a web access to the CNN server. Describe the header structure of the IP packet which is sent downstream from the GGSN to the SGSN (detailling the IP source and destination address). GPRS overhead: Consider an FTP (over TCP over IP) download in a GPRS setting when a mobile device uses 3 timeslots downlink and CS-2. Assume a an IP-packet size of 1500 Bytes. Compute the necessary volume of header-information and FEC for one IP packet on the air-interface. Compute the theoretical maximal L4 payload throughput as allowed by the GPRS air-interface transmission! Compute the ratio of up-link and down-link traffic volumes as created by TCP (assuming delayed Acks). What L4 throughput do you expect to achieve in a download of a small file of 2000 Bytes?
Page 52
2.
3.