Samuel E. Geiger ECHE 360: Homework 8 1.

(a) The energy equation, in cylindrical coordinates, contains only the terms associated with the welding rod motion and conductive heat transfer: 2T T =k 2 Cp v0 t z (b) The solution to the dierential equation is: T = C1 e The boundary conditions are: T (0) = Tb and T (L) = Tm Which can be used to for solve the integration constants: C1 = e Tm Tb
Cp v0 L k Cp v0 k

+ C2

and C2 =

Tb e e

Cp v0 L k Cp v0 L k

Tm 1

So, the axial temperature prole within the rod is: T (z) = e Tm Tb
Cp v0 L k

Cp v0 k

Tb e e

Cp v0 L k Cp v0 L k

Tm 1

2. (a) The energy equation in Cartesian coordinates simplies to: Cp T = t vx y

2

The velocity prole, vx (y), can be found by solving the simplied y-direction Navier-Stokes equation using the parallel plate geometry: 2 vx 0= 2 y 0= C1 = vx y

vx y vx

C1 y =

vx = C 1 y + C 2 The boundary conditions are: vx (0.07993 m) = 8.37 Corresponding integration constants are: C1 = 119571 and C2 = 9566 The velocity prole between the parallel plates is: vx (y) = 119571y + 9566 Substituting the velocity prole into the energy equation: Cp T = t Cp (119571y + 9566) y T = 1.43 1010 t 1
2

m and vx (0.08 m) = 0 s

Solving for temperature: T = 1.43 1010 T = 1.43 1010 t Cp

t + C1 Cp

Substituting in specic values and applying the initial condition T (0) = 85 C, the temperature is described by the equation: T (t) = 61.5t + 85 (b) Solving the equation for a temperature of 250 C: 250 = 61.5t + 85 t = 2.7 s 3. (a) The unsteady-state heat conduction equation that applies to the roasting of a turkey is: T = t
2

In order to approximate the solution, a relationship between the coecients of the dimensionless equation must be found. The dimensionless variables are: Variable T l t The equation becomes: T T0 (T T0 ) = 2 t0 t l0 Relating the coecients and reducing yields:
2 l0 Next, the mass of the turkey can be related to the length scale: 2

Scale(s) T0 , T l0 t0

Dimensionless variable = TT T00 T l = ll0 t = tt0

t0

l0 m 3 So: t0 m 3 (b) Averaging the data ranges and calculating the total cooking time gives the following data: Mass of turkey (lbm ) 8 13 21.5 Total cooking time (min) 180 247 355
2

There is a linear relationship between the 2/3 root of the mass of the turkey and the cooking time as found in part (a) and shown in the chart below:

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" !$%& #$(&

Cooking time (h)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

m2/3 (lbm2/3)

A linear t, with a coecient of determination of 0.99, shows that the mass of the turkey and cooking time are related by the following equation: 2 t(m) = 0.785m 3 0.172 (c) This equation can be applied for a 400 lbm turkey: t(400) = 0.785(400) 3 0.172 t(400) = 42.5 h 4. Since the length of the pellet is much greater than its diameter, we can model the pellet as an innite cylinder. The unsteady-state energy equation for the pellet, in cylindrical coordinates, is: Cp 1 T =k t r r r T r
2

Since this equation is dicult to solve, online unsteady-state heat conduction charts can be used to nd the exact answer. The parameters are: W 0.02 mK k Bi1 = = = 0.0787 W hl0 10 m2 K 0.0254 m = T T 145 C 140 C = = 0.0417 T T0 145 C 25 C t = t 1.11 10 8t = 0.404 = r2 (0.0254)2 t = 23481 s Adding the additional 2 h, the sterilization will take a total of 8.5 h. 5. The scenario was simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics, shown below. The temperature will drop by 5 C approximately 2 cm into the esh.

ice skin

fat

305 K

muscle

310 K