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INTRODUCTION

This circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc; by the sound of a clap. This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay,

transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns 'ON' light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 12V voltage. Therefore a stepdown transformer 12V/300mA is employed. The working of this circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of

transistor, relay as an electronic switch.

ABSTRACT This circuit that can switch on and off a light, a fan, a radio or a T. V. etc., by a sound of a clap. The sound of clap is received by a small micro-phone (condenser) that is shown by resistor r1 in the circuit. The signal is further amplified by transistors Q1, Q2, Q3. The relay contact is connected to the power line and hence turns on/off any electrical device at output socket. The components included are resistors 15k, 2M, 270K, 3K, 27K, 1K, 10K. 2K. Capacitors 0.01uf, 0.047uf, 1000UF/16V. Transistors Q1234-BC 149, Diodes IN 4002, IN 4148. Transformer of

12v/300mA, condenser mic , 12v single charge over relay.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS USED RESISTORS:  R1 15K  R2, 5 ,12 2.2M  R3 270K  R4 3.3K  R6, 10 27K  R7, 11 1.5K  R8, 9 10K  R 13 2.2K CAPACITORS:  C1 0.01UF  C2, 3 0.047UF  C4 1000UF/16V

SEMI CONDUCTORS:  Q 1, 2, 3, 4 BC 149  D1 IN 4002  D2, 3, 4, 5 IN 4148 TRANSFORMER 12V / 300mA CONDENSER MIC RELAY 12 V single charge over relay

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION RESISTOR: A resistor is a two-terminal electrical or electronic component that resists an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in accordance with Ohm's law: R=V/I The electrical resistance is equal to the voltage drop across the resistor divided by the current through the resistor. Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. CAPACITOR: An electric circuit element used to store charge temporarily, consisting in general of two metallic plates separated and insulated from each other by a dielectric. Also called condenser.
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DIODE: An electronic device that restricts current flow chiefly to one direction . An electron tube having a cathode and an anode . A two-terminal

semiconductor device used chiefly as a rectifier. TRANSISTOR: A 'transistor* is a semiconductor device, commonly used as an amplifier or an electrically controlled switch. The transistor is the fundamental building block of the circuitry in computers, cellular phones, and all other modern electronic devices. Because of its fast response and accuracy, the transistor is used in a wide variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and oscillators.

Transistors may be packaged individually or as part of an integrated circuit, some with over a billion transistors in a very small area TRANSFORMER: A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another, especially a pair of multiply wound, inductively coupled wire coils that effect such a transfer with a change in voltage, current, phase, or other electric characteristic. RELAY: A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit In the original form, the switch is operated by an

electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. If was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835.

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Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be . considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of an electrical amplifier CONDENSER MIC: Condenser means capacitor, an electronic

component which stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. The term condenser is actually obsolete but has stuck as the name for this type of microphone, which uses a capacitor to convert acoustical-energy into electrical energy. Condenser microphones require power from a battery or external source'. The resulting audio signal is stronger signal than that from a dynamic. Condensers also tend to be more sensitive and

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responsive than dynamics, making them well-suited to capturing subtle nuances in a sound. They are not ideal for high-volume work, as their sensitivity makes them prone to distort.

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OPERATION Here is a circuit that can switch on & off a light, Fan, Radio etc. by the sound of clap. The sound of clap is received by a small microphone that is shown biased by resistor R1 in the circuit. The microphone changes sound wave in to electrical wave which is further amplified by Q 1. Transistor Q 1 is used as common emitter circuit to amplify weak signals received by the microphone. Amplified output from the collector of transistor Q 1 is then feed to the Bistable flip-flop. Flip flop circuit is made by using 2 Transistor, in our circuit Q2 & Q3. In a flip-flop circuit, at a time only one transistor conduct and other cut off and when
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Multivibrator

circuit

also

known

as

it gets a trigger pulse from outside source then first transistor is cutoff and 2nd transistor conducts. Thus output of transistor is either logic-0 or logic-1 and it remains in one state 0 or 1 until it gets trigger pulse from outer source. The pulse of clap which is trigger for flip-flop makes changes to the output which is complementary (reverse). Decision of flip-flop which is in the low current form is unable to drive relay directly so we have used a current amplifier circuit by using Q 4 which is a common emitter circuit. Output of Q 4 is connected to a Relay (Electromagnetic switch), works like a mechanical switch. With the help of a relay it is easy for connecting other electrical appliance.

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The relay contact is connected to the power line and hence turns on/off any electrical appliance

connected all the way through relay. For power supply, we have made 12 Volt eliminator with the help of Transformer T 1, Diode D1 and capacitor C 1. lt is a half wave rectifier.

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APPLICATIONS This circuit can be used to switch on and off a light, a fan, a radio or a TV by the sound of a clap

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CONCLUSION Hereby we would like to conclude that this circuit is very much useful to switch ON and OFF the household appliances just by clapping hand. This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap which is converted into electrical energy by condenser mic. This circuit turns on and off a light, a fan, a radio or a TV etc. using this converted energy which is used to turn on relay (an electronic switch)

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