Matemàtiques I.

1r Batxillerat
SOLUCIONS EXERCICIS LÍMITS DE FUNCIONS

1. Calculeu els següents lı́mits:

(a) lim x2 − 2 = 32 − 2 = 7
x→3
x+1 0
(b) lim = =0
x2 + 1
x→−1 2
2
 
x +x−2 0 (x−1)(x + 2)
 3 3
(c) lim 3 = = lim = =−

x→1 x − 2x2 − x + 2 0 IND. x→1  −
(x 1)(x + 1)(x − 2) −2 2
2x3 − 5x + 3 2x3 2 1
(d) lim 3 2
= lim = =
x→+∞ 8x − 2x + 6 x→+∞ 8x3 8 4
1
2
(e) lim 2 · e (x − 1) = 2 · e 0+ = 2 · e+∞ = +∞
1

x→1

(f) lim x2 − 3 = lim x2 = +∞

x→+∞ x→+∞
1 1
(g) lim = =0
x→−∞ 4x −∞
(h)
√ √ √
2
p (x − x2 − 3x) · (x − x2 + 3x) x2 − x2 − 3x
lim x − x2 − 3x = (∞ − ∞)IND. = lim √ = lim √ =
x→∞ x→∞ x + x2 − 3x x→∞ x + x2 − 3x
3x 3x 3x 3
= lim√ = lim √ = lim =
x→∞x2 − 3x x→∞ x + x2
x+ x→∞ 2x 2
3 2 3 2
(i) lim x − 2x + 1 = 3 − 2 · 3 + 1 = 10
x→3

2x3 − 4x 2 · 03 − 4 · 0 0
(j) lim = = =0
x→0 3x − 5 3·0−5 −5
(k)
√  √ 
hp i x2 + x − (x + 1) · x2 + x + (x + 1)
lim x2 + x − (x + 1) = (∞ − ∞)IND. = lim √  =
x→+∞ x→∞ x2 + x + (x + 1)
√ 2  2 
x2 + x − (x + 1)2 x + x − (x2 − 2x + 1)
= lim √  = lim √  =
x→∞ x2 + x + (x + 1) x→∞ x2 + x + (x + 1)

−x − 1 −x −x 1
= lim √  = lim √ = lim =−
x→∞ x2 + x + (x + 1) x→∞ x2 + x x→∞ 2x 2
x3 − x2 + 1 x3 1
(l) lim 3 2
= lim 3
=
x→+∞ 2x + x − 9 x→+∞ 2x 2
 −19 −19
 lim = − = +∞
− (x − 2)3 0

 x→2
−19 
(m) lim =
x→2 (x − 2)3 
 −19 −19
 lim
 = + = −∞
x→2+ (x − 2)3 0
 2 x2   x2
x +1 1
(n) lim = lim 1+ 2 =e
x→+∞ x2 x→+∞ x
(o)
x2 − (a + 1)x + a a2 − (a + 1) · a + a
 
0 −
(x  − 1)
a)(x
lim = = = lim =

x→a x3 − a 3 a3 − a3 0 IND. x→a  − a)(x2 + ax + a2 )
(x 


x−1 a−1 a−1

= limx→a = 2 =
x2 + ax + a 2 a +a·a+a2 3a2

1
 Matemàtiques I. 1r Batxillerat

x2 − 4
 
0 (x + 2)
(x−2)

(p) lim = = lim = lim x + 2 = 4
x→2 x − 2 0 IND. x→2 (x
 −
 
2) x→2

2. Calculeu els següents lı́mits:

2 − x − 5x2 −5x2 5
(a) lim 2
= lim =−
x→∞ 3x + 1 x→∞ 3x2 3
7x − 3 7x 7
(b) lim = lim = lim =0
x→∞ 4x2 − 2 x→∞ 4x2 x→∞ 4x

(c) lim −3x5 + 3x3 − x + 1 = lim −3x5 = −∞

x→+∞ x→+∞
s r r
2 − 4x2 4x2 4 2
(d) lim = lim = =
x→−∞ 1 − 9x2 x→−∞ 9x2 9 3
1 − 3x2 −3x2 −3x
(e) lim = lim = lim = −∞
x→+∞ 5x + 2 x→+∞ 5x x→+∞ 5
(f) lim 5 − 3x + 2x2 − x4 = lim −x4 = −∞
x→−∞ x→−∞

2x2 − 3x + 1 2x2 2x
(g) lim = lim = lim = −∞
x→−∞ 3x + 7 x→−∞ 3x x→−∞ 3
1 − 2x −2x −2
(h) lim = lim = lim =0
x→∞ x2 + 4 x→∞ x2 x→∞ x

6x4 − 5x3 + 2x2 − 3 6x4 6x

(i) lim 3 2
= lim = lim = +∞
x→∞ 2x − x + 2x + 7 x→∞ 2x3 x→∞ 2

2x2 − 3x
 
0 x(2x − 3) (2x − 3) 3
(j) lim 3 2
= = lim
2 = lim 2
=−
x→0 x − x + 4x 0 IND. x→0 x(x − x + 4) x→0 (x − x + 4) 4


 3 3
 lim = − = −∞
 x→3 (x − 3) 0
  
 −
3x − 9 0 3(x− 3)
 3
(k) lim 2
= = lim = lim =
x→3 (x − 3) 0 IND. x→3 (x − 3)2 x→3 (x − 3) 
 3 3
 lim
 = + = +∞
x→3+ (x − 3) 0
x3 − 2x2 − x + 2
 
0 (x − 1)(x + 1)(x − 2)
 (x + 1)(x − 2) 2
(l) lim = = lim = lim =−

x→1 3
x + x − 2x2 0 IND. x→1 x(x − 1)(x + 2)
  x→1 x(x + 2) 3
3 2 2
 
2x + 4x + 2x 0 2x(x + 1)
   2x
(m) lim = = lim 2 = lim = −2
x→−1 x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 0 IND. x→−1  (x+ 1) (x + 2) x→−1 (x + 2)
x2 − 4
 
0 (x + 2) (x− 2)
 (x + 2)
(n) lim = = lim = lim =2
x→2 2x − 4 0 IND. x→2 2
(x −2)
 x→2 2
x2 + 3x 0
(o) lim 2 = =0
x→0 x + 1 1
3x2 − 9x − 30
 
0 3(x+ 2)(x − 5)
 3(x − 5) 7
(p) lim 3
= = lim 2
= lim 2
=−
x→−2 16 + 2x 0 IND. x→−2 2(x + 2)(x − 2x + 4)
 
 x→−2 2(x − 2x + 4) 8
3 2
 
x − 2x − 3x 0 x(x − 3)(x + 1)
  x(x + 1) 4
(q) lim = = lim = lim =−
x→3 27 − x3 0 IND. x→3 − (x − 3)(x2 + 3x + 9) x→3 −(x2 + 3x + 9)
 9
 
x + 1 2x + 3 x + 1 − 2(2x + 3) −3x − 5 −5
(r) lim − = (∞ − ∞)IND. = lim = lim = + = −∞
x→0 6x2 3x2 x→0 6x2 x→0 6x2 0
 1 1
 lim − = − = −∞
(x + 1) 0

2 2 x→−1
  
x + 2x + 1 0 (x+ 1)
  1 
(s) lim = = lim  = lim =
x→−1 x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 0 IND. x→−1 (x + 1) 3 x→−1 (x + 1)   1 1
 lim
 = + = +∞
x→−1 (x + 1)
+ 0
   
2x + 3 3x + 2 ∞ (2x + 3) (x − 1)
 (2x + 3) 1
(t) lim : = = lim = lim =
x→1 x2 − 1 x − 1 ∞ IND. x→1 (x + 1) (x −1)(3x + 2) x→1 (x + 1)(3x + 2)
 2
3x2 − 12
 
0 3(x + 2) (x − 2)
 3(x + 2)
(u) lim 2 = = lim = lim =6
x→2 x − 2x 0 x→2 x(x− 2)
  x→2 x