Environmental Technology I

GoldKimKwonGabbard Spring, 2003

HEAT LOSS CALCULATION Example

For Assignment 6: Heat Loss Calculation, please download the assignment from the ET1 website http://web.dcp.ufl.edu/mgold/ET1/ET1homepg.htm. The assignment may be completed in groups of two. It must be done in a spreadsheet format. An example of Excel spreadsheet is also available on the website.

Three Mechanisms of Heat Loss:

1. 2. 3. Transmission (conduction) through the above-ground building envelope. This includes heat loss through the walls, fenestration, and roof. Infiltration/Ventilation (convection) as air is exchanged between the inside and outside of the building through cracks and openings or through required ventilation. Transmission (conduction) to the ground through the slab primarily at the edge exposed to air.

For this example, we will estimate the amount of heat that is lost to the exterior from a small condominium. Assume that the condominium is located in Gainesville and houses an older couple who spend winters there. The condominium is one story and is slab-on-grade construction.

SPECIFICATIONS & ASSUMPTIONS

Winter outdoor design temperature: 31F see Appendix A (Table A.1 in MEEB) Winter indoor comfort temperature: 72F All building materials are non-reflective. No internal heat gains (lights, people, etc) and no solar gains are present in the building. Exterior Walls: - 8 concrete block (normal weight aggregate, 3 core unfilled) or 8 common brick (density 110 lb/ft3) - 3-1/2 fiberglass batt insulation (density 1.2-1.6 lb/ft3) - 3/8 gypsum board Flat Roof: - 3/8 built-up roofing over 5/8 plywood - 6 fiberglass batt insulation (density 0.4-2.0 lb/ft3) - 3/8 gypsum board Windows: double-glazed bronze glass and an aluminum frame with thermal break Floor Slab: The slab on the perimeter is not insulated. Use the figures for block wall, 8, brick facing. Doors: 1-3/4 solid urethane foam core steel without thermal break and with no storm door The construction tightness of this building is considered loose. Gainesville has 1069 heating degree days (HDD).

PROCEDURE
The following steps outline the procedure for determining the amount of heat loss (in Btu/hr) for a given outside design temperature. 1. Determination of the heat loss (qT) through the above-ground building envelope qT (btu/hr) = U-value x A (area) x T (temperature difference)
U= 1 R

Calculation of U-value
Assembly Wall 1 (CMU) Components Outside air film 8 CMU 3.5 fiberglass batt insulation 3/8 gypsum board Inside air film R Wall 2 (Brick) Roof 8 common brick 8 CMU Others are same as above Wall 1 R Outside air film 3/8 built-up roofing 5/8 plywood deck 6 fiberglass batt insulation 3/8 gypsum board Inside air film R Window Door Double-glazed bronze glass and an aluminum frame with thermal break 1-3/4 solid urethane foam core steel without thermal break R-value 0.17 1.00 15.00 0.32 0.68 17.17 1.60 17.77 0.17 0.33 0.77 19.00 0.32 0.61 21.20 U-value MEEB p 158 p 152 p 149 p 147 p 158 p 152 0.056 p 158 p 151 p 147 p 149 p 147 p 158 0.047 0.64 0.40 p 171 p 169

0.058

Calculation of Building Envelope Heat Losses

Assembly Wall 1 (CMU) Wall 2 (Brick) Roof Location Living Room Bedroom Area (ft2) U-value T (F) Heat Loss
(Btu/hr)

Window Door

117 (= 13 x 9) 135 (= 15 x 9) 252 0.058 Kitchen 123 (= 16 x 9 3 x 7) Bedroom 126 (= 14 x 9) 249 0.056 Living Room 208 (= 16 x 13) Kitchen 240 (= 16 x 15) Bedroom 210 (= 14 x 15) 658 0.047 Living Room 144 (= 16 x 9) Bedroom 126 (= 14 x 9) 270 0.64 Kitchen 21 (= 3 x 7) 21 0.40 Total Building Envelope Heat Losses, qT (Btu/hr)

41 41

599 572

41 41 41

1,268 7,085 344 9,868

2. Determination of the heat loss (qV) from ventilation and infiltration through cracks It is assumed that no other fresh air source is provided because this is a residence. qV (btu/hr) = 0.018 x CFH (cubic feet per hour of air flow) x T (temp difference) or qV (btu/hr) = 1.08 x CFM (cubic feet per minute of air flow) x T (temp difference)
CFH = V (volume of the building in cubic feet) x ACH (number of air changes per hour) CFM = V (volume of the building in cubic feet) x ACH (number of air changes per hour) x 1/60 conversion factor (conversion factor, hours to minutes) Table 4.23 on p 188 gives Design Infiltration Rates (ACH).

Calculation of Ventilation/Infiltration Heat Losses

Construction Type loose Volume (ft3) 5,922 ACH 1.20 Interpolated CFH 7106.4 Ventilation Heat Loss, qV (Btu/hr) 5,245
(= 0.018 x 7106.4 x 41)

3. Determination of the heat loss (qS) through the building slab qS (btu/hr) = Heat Flow Coefficient, F2 (heat loss per foot of exposed edge) x P (perimeter length of exposed slab edge) x T (temp difference)
Table 4.8 on p 165 gives Heat Flow Coefficients for slab edges.

Calculation of Slab Edge Heat Losses

Construction Block wall, 8, brick facing, uninsulated Perimeter (ft) 88 Coefficient, F2 0.62 T (F) 41 Slab Edge Heat Loss, qS (Btu/hr) 2,240
(= 0.62 x 88 x 41)

4. Add the heat loss values from each of the three component areas above to determine the total heat loss.

Q = qT + qV + qS

Components Building Envelope Losses (qT) Ventilation/Infiltration Losses (qV) Slab Edge Losses (qS) TOTAL HEAT LOSSES, Q (Btu/hr)

Heat Losses 9,868 5,245 2,240 17,353