CHAPTER 5 1) Prince Henry the Navigator- was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the

early days of the Portuguese Empire. He was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents. 2) Christopher Columbus- Italian-born Spanish navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a route to Asia but achieved fame by making landfall in the Americas instead. 3) Amerigo Vespucci- Italian navigator, for whom the continents of North and South America are named. In 1495 he took over the business of a merchant in Seville, Spain, who had furnished supplies to ships voyaging to the West Indies. Vespucci later set out for the New World himself and left accounts and maps of four voyages. 4) Balboa- Spanish explorer in America. Considered the first of the conquistadors (leaders of the Spanish conquest in the western hemisphere), Balboa is best known as the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. 5) Ferdinand Magellan- made the first recorded European contact with the Philippine Islands. Magellan was on a mission for Spanish king Charles I (also Holy Roman emperor as Charles V) to establish a westward route to the Moluccas, also known as the Spice Islands.
6) Francisco Serrano- was a Spanish marshal and statesman, The 1868 Spanish Revolution brought to an end of the autocratic rule of Queen Isabella II and was replaced by a liberal government led by General Francisco Serrano. Serrano dispatched the 91st governor-general Carlos Mara de la Torre in 1869. The leadership of de la Torre has brought the idea of liberalism in the Philippines.

7) Enrique- the slave accompanying Magellans voyage 8) Diego Barbosa- son of Duarte barbosa 9) Duarte- was a Portuguese writer and Portuguese India officer between 1500 and 151617. In 1519 Duarte Barbosa embarked on the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, led by his brother in law Ferdinand Magellan, dying in 1521 at the feast of rajah Humabon in Cebu at the Philippines. 10) Beatriz11) Antonio Pigafetta- He travelled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew on their voyage to the Indies. During the expedition, he became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in translating one of the Philippine languages, Cebuano. It is the first recorded document concerning this language. 12) Trinidad- The Trinidad was the flagship of Magellan's voyage of circumnavigation 13) Concepcion14) Victoria-was part of a Spanish expedition commanded by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magella. 15) San Antonio16) Santiago17) Sebastian Del Cano- Spanish navigator. In 1519 he was made captain of the Concepcin, one of the five vessels commanded by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan during his expedition in the service of Spain. 18) Island of Salis19) Raha Kolambu- Rajah Kolambu, who forged a blood compact of friendship with
Magellan

20) Raha Humabon- was the first indigenous king of the Philippines who converted to Christianity.

21) Queen Juana22) Lapu-Lapu- Filipino chieftain and leader of the warriors who killed Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan. Lapulapu is now widely regarded as the first Filipino hero. 23) Treaty of Zaragosa24) Miguel Lopez de Legaspi- who established the first permanent settlement of San Miguel on the island of Cebu. 25) Martin de Goite26) Enriquez de Guzman27) Juan Salcedo28) Raha Tupas- who succeeded Raha Humabon as king of Cebu. Lakandula- In 1590, Martin Lakandula was ordained as an Augustinian priest, becoming
the first native Filipino to serve as a friar.

The fleet provided by King Charles V included five ships: the flagship Trinidad (110 tons, crew 55), under Magellan's command; San Antonio (120 tons, crew 60) commanded by Juan de Cartagena; Concepcion (90 tons, crew 45) commanded by Gaspar de Quesada; Santiago (75 tons, crew 32) commanded by Juan Serrano; and Victoria (85 tons, crew 43), named after the church of Santa Maria de la Victoria de Triana, where Magellan took an oath of allegiance to Charles V, commanded by Luis Mendoza. Trinidad was a caravel, and all others rated as carracks or "naus".

CHAPTER 8 1) CHRISTIANITY- Christianity, the most widely distributed of the world religions,

having substantial representation in all the populated continents of the globe. In the late 1990s, its total membership exceeded 1.9 billion people.
2) NARCISO CLAVERIA3) TOMAS PINPIN- published Successos Felices (Fortunate Events), a 14-page
newsletter in Spanish that is now widely regarded as the first Philippine newsletter.

4) UNIVERSITY OF SAN IGNACIO5) UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS- founded in 1611 by members of the Order of

Preachers (also known as Dominicans). The University of Santo Toms originally was known as the College of Our Lady of the Rosary; its name was changed to College of Santo Toms in 1616.
6) BEATERIO7) DEL SUPERIOR GOVIERNO8) LA ESPERANZA-

9) EL HOGAR10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) FRANCISCO BALAGTASCENACULOMORO-MOROZARZUELADAMIAN DOMINGOANACLETO DEL ROSARIOCARILLO-

***ENCOMIENDA- The word encomienda comes from the Spanish encomendar which means to entrust. Ecomienda is a grant of inhabitants living in particular conquered territory which Spain gave to Spanish colonizer as a reward for his services ***POLO- The Polo or forced labor is another Spanish that had created discontent among the Indios during
the Spanish times. All men between sixteen and sixty years of age, except chieftains and their elder sons, were required to render labor of various forms for 40 days in the colony. This was instituted in 1580 and reduced to 15 days per year in 1884.

CHAPTER 16-28 ***JOSE RIZAL- An

advocate of civil equality for Filipinos, political activist Jos Rizal published a book critical of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines in 1886, while he was studying in Europe.
***KATIPUNAN- revolutionary

society of Filipino nationalists, established in 1892 to struggle for independence for the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule. ***ANDRES BONIFACIO- a self-educated man of the urban working class, organized a secret society called Katipunan, short for Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (The Highest and Most Respectable Society of the Sons of the People).

CHAPTER 16-15

***EMILIO AGUINALDO- Philippine leader Emilio Aguinaldo led a rebellion against Spanish rule in 1896 and assisted the United States during the Spanish-American War in 1898. CHAPTER 19 ***MAINE- state in the northeastern United States, bordered by New Hampshire, Canada, and the Atlantic Ocean. ***GEORGE DEWEY- Commanded to sail to Manila and capture or destroy the Spanish fleet based there, he engaged the fleet in Manila Bay early May 1 and completely destroyed it by noon, without a single loss of American life. ***APOLINARIO MABINI- Filipino nationalist and theorist of the Philippine revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Mabini became the brains of the revolution. CHAPTER 21 ***ARTHUR MacARTHUR- American military commander and father of Douglas MacArthur, the general who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II (1939-1945). ***WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT- Taft was soon involved in a conflict of power and policy with the military governor, General Arthur MacArthur, whose harsh treatment of the Filipinos contradicted Taft's objective: to hold the Philippines for the benefit of the Filipinos. Taft won, MacArthur was replaced, and in 1901, Taft was made civil governor of the islands. ***SERGIO OSMENA- Philippine independence leader and statesman, born on Cebu. He became president of the government in exile when President Manuel Quezon died in 1944. ***MANUEL QUEZON- Philippine leader, he was elected the first president of the newly formed transitional Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935 and re-elected in 1941.