EN 988-1:1997 OE 1 Scope ‘This Part of this European Standard specifies a method, using test sieves, for the determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates. ) It applies to aggregates of natural or ‘artificial origin, including lightweight aggregates, up to 90 mm nominal size, but excluding filler. @ NOTE, The determination of the grading of fillers will be specified in [3) EN 933-10 (Ui: Tests for geametrical properties of aggregates: Dvd Deserta of ee Grodng flere 2 Normative references ‘This Buropoan Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. ‘These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in itby amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BD EN 932-2 ‘Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2; Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5 Tests for general properties of aggregates: Part 6: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-2 ‘Tests for geometrical properties of 1995 aggregates Part 2, Determination of particle size distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures EN 1097-6 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of axgregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption © 180 3910-1:1990 Test sieves —- Technical requirements and testing Port 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 180 8310-2:1990 . Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 8 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 8.1 test portion ‘The sample used as a whole in a single test. 4.2 constant mass Successive weighings after drying at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %. NOTE. tn many cases constant mass can be achieved aftr test portion has been died fora pre-determined potid in a specified ‘been (ave 8) a (110 £16) °C Tost abeeaterise may detormine the tne required to achieve constant mass for specificlypes and sizes ‘otsumple dependent upoa the drying eapsciy af the oven sel 4 Principle "The test consists of dividing up and eeparating, by means of a series of sieves, a material into several particle size classifications of decreasing sizes, The aperture sizes und the nuaber of sieves are selected in accordance with the nature of the sample and the accuracy required. ‘The method adopted is washing and dry sieving. When washing may alter the physical properties of a lightweight aggregate, dry sieving shall be used and the procedure specified in 7.1 shall not be applied. NOM. Dry sieving is aloo an alternativa method which may he wed fr agerogetes fre from particles which cnuse aggtomerntin. In eases of dispute, washing and sloving isthe prefered method. ‘The masa of the particles retained on the various sieves is related to the initial mass of the material. The cumulative percentages passing cach sieve are reported in numerical form and when required in graphical form (gee annex A). © BSI 7 March 2006,5 Apparatus Unless otherwise stated, all apparatus shall conform to the general requirements of [A) BN 932-5 @ 5.1 Test sieves, with apertures as specified in BE) EN 933-2 @il and conforming to the requirements of 1SO 3910-1 and 180 3310-2. 5.2 Tightly fitting pan and lid, for the sieves. 6.8 Ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of (110+5) °C, or other suitable equipment for drying the aggregates, if it does not cause any particle size breakdown, 5.4 Washing equipment. 5.5 Balances or scales, accurate to + 0.1 % of test portion mass, 5.6 Trays, brushes. 5.7 Sieving machine, (optional) 6 Preparation of test portions ‘Samples shall be reduced in accordance with [5) IN 952-2 Gl to produce the required number of test portions. NOTE, 1tmay be necessary to moisten semples containing substantial amounts ofinsbeforereduetion to minnizasogrogation and Tone af dust. ‘The mass of each test portion shall be as specified in table 1 for aggregates of density between 2,00 mg/m® and 3,00 mgm’, Tuble 1 — Mass of test portions for normal weight aggregates ‘Aagrogate sie D “Tent portion mass ‘eoasiinars) ‘cainiman) oe Ke B90 - 20 GI 32 10 16 26 8 Jos 4 NOTE I. For aggragates of other sizes 1 below GSiam GH, che winitoum test portion mass may be interpolated fom the maesen given i table 1 [NOTE 2.If the tact portion mass doesnot eamply with table 1, the parle size diteibution obtained does not eormply with te staidatd, and this hall be stated in the report sheet. NOTE 9, For aggrogater of particle density les than 2.00 mein? or more than 8 00mq/n* (sce ED EN 108-6 Gl) en appropriate corvesion shall bo applied tothe test portion masses given in table 1 baved on the density ratio, inorder to produce a tact postion of epproximtely the aame volume ae those fr aggrogetes of rormal density BD NOTE 4, Por ccaree aggregate of upper save siseD greater than 63 mm, 80 kg or test portion mass nuffaien (oenaize chat at loust 40 kg of aggregate passes the 69m tet sieve Shall be adopted. Sample reduction shall yield a test portion of mass larger than the miniarum but not of an exact predetermined value. ‘ Dry the test portion by heating at a temperature of (110 +5) °C to constant mass. Allow to cool, weigh and record the mass as My For some types of aggregate, drying at 110 °C binds particles together sufficiently strongly to prevent, separation of single particles during subsequent washing andior sieving procedures. For such ageregates ‘the procedure given in annex B shall be adopted. 2 ©BSI7 March 20067 Procedure 7.1 Washing Place the test portion in a container and add eufficient water to cover the test portion, NOTE 1, A storage period of b under water is belpfl in breaking down lumps. A dispersion agent may be used. [Agitate the sample with sufficient vigour to result in complete separation and suspension of the fines. Wet both sides of a 63 jim sieve reserved for use in this toat only, and fit a guard sieve (e.g. 1 mm or 2mm) on top, Mount the sieves in such a way that the suspension passing the test sieve can be run to waste or, when required, collected in a suitable vessel. Pour the contents of the container onto the top sieve. Continue ‘washing until the water passing the 63 im test sieve is clear. [NOTE 2, Care shouldbe taken to prevent overleuding,oveowing or damaging the 6 jm test sieve or the guard sieve, For some ‘eeregate i wil be found neceseary to por enly the suspended fnce fom the container ono che €8 jim guarded test sieve, Continuing to wash the conse enue in the container nd decanting the suspended fines onto the guard sieve ntl the water passing ‘the 6 um tet sieve is clear Dry the residue retained on the 63 jim sieve at (110-5) °C to constant mass, Allow 1o cool, weigh and record a8 M;, 7.2 Sieving Pour the washed and dried material (or directly the dry sample) into the sieving column. The column ‘comprises a number of sieves fitted together and arranged, from top to bottom, in order of decreasing, aperture sizes with the pan and lid. [NOTE 1. Bxperionce has shown that washing dose not necessarily remove al the ine, I is therefore moceseary to incorporate 1563 je ost sieve nthe eves. Shake the column, manually or mechanically, then remove the sieves one by one, commencing with the largest aperture size opening and shake each sieve manually ensuring no material is lost by using, for ‘example, a pan and lid. ‘transfer all the material which passes each sleve onto the next sieve in the culuims: befure continuing (he operation with that sieve. [NOM 2, The sieving proces may be considered completed when the retained material doesnot change more than 10% during 1 min of thin sieving operation, "To avoid overloading of eieves, the fraction retained at tho ond of the sieving operation on each sieve (expressed in grams) shall not exceed: Ax dd 200 where: A isthe area of the sieve, in equare millimetres; dis the aperture size of the sieve, in millimetres. Lf any of the fractions retained exceeds this amount, one of the following procedures shall be used: 2) divide the fraction into smaller portions than the specified maximum and sieve these one after the other; b) divide the portion of the sample passing the next largest sieve with the aid of a sample divider or by ‘quartering, and continue the sieve analysis on the reduced test portion, making due allowance in subsequent calculations for the reductions. 7.8 Weighing ‘Weigh the retained material for the sieve with the largest aperture size and record its mass as Ry. Garry out the same operation for the sieve immédiately below aind record the mass retained as Ra, Continue with the same operation for ell the sieves in the column, in order to obtain the masses of the various lots of retained materials and record these masses a8 Rs, Ry. Rj Ry Weigh the screened material, if any, remains in the pan and record its mass as P. © BSI7 Mares 2008EN 933-1:1997 8 Calculation and expression of results 8.1 Calculations Record the various masses on a test data sheet, an example of which ig given in annex C. Calculate the mass retained on each sieve as a percentage of the original dry mass My, Calaate thecumolativ percentage ofthe orginal dy mase psig each seve down to he 3m ive lusive Calculate the percentage of fines () passing the 63 jm sieve in accordance with the following equation: (Of ~My) +P. po Ee 100 where My is the dried mass of the test portion, in kilograms; ‘My is the dried mass of the residue retained on the 63 pm sieve, in kilograms; Pig the mass of the screened material remaining in the pan, in kilograms, For dry sieving, f= 1001, 8.2 Validating the results If the sum of the masses Rj and P differs by more than I % from the mass My, the test shall be repeated. [8.3 Precision ‘The following precision values have been issued from the document “The Proposed CEN Method For The Determination of the Particle Size distribution of aggregates. Sieve test on sand. Results Of The 1996/7 Cross-Tosting Experiment” of the European Project No, 134. ‘The repeatability r, and reproducibility R, values have been determined on the basis of two repetitions of tests carried out on each of three fine aggregate fractions, a 0/0,4 and two 0/2 mm fractions, in 17 Jaboratories from 9 Huropean countries. Each laboratory has prepared (using a riffle box) and successively tested two different masses of samples, 200g and 30g. For any sieve size of the basie set comprised betweon 0,063 and 4mm, the precision values can be stated as follows: r= 0,042 V{X.(100.0 ~X)) By = 0,086 {X,(100.0 - X)} Where “X" represents the average of the cumulative percent passing the actual sieve size, Ibis highlighted that precision is highly dependent on the loading of individual sieves, overloaded sieves loading to degraded precision data and lightly loaded sieves leading to better precision data. Gl 9 Test report 9.1 Required data ‘The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this Buropean Standard; ») identification of the sample; ) identification of the laboratory; @) sample reception date; ¢) method of analysis (washing and sieving or dry sieving); ) cumulative percentage of the mass of the test portion passing each of the sieves to the nearest single decimal place for the 63 jim sieve and to the nearest whole number for other sieves. ©BS17 Nave 2008EN 988-1:1997 9.2 Optional data ‘The test report may include the following information: a) name and location of the samplo source; ») description of the material and of the sazaple reduction procedure; ©) graphical presentation of results (see annex A); 2) sampling certificate; €) mass of test portion; D date of test. © BSL7 Merch 2008,EN 933-1:1997 PRULery aARBIRUIND —E (Guu) armpode axenbejo waaay @ awd yg oxtepmmg, syMsai Jo uoEyNasesd [worydesy Q@apemosuy) y xouuy © BSI 7 March 2008EN 933-1:1997 —— Annex B (normative) Method of test for aggregates unsuitable for oven drying For aggregates unsuited to oven drying at 110°C the required number of test portions shall be obtained in duplicate and their masses recorded. The moisture content of one of each duplicate pair of test portions hall be determined by oven drying at (110-5) °C. The other test portion shall be tested by the washing and sieving method without pre-drying. The initial dry mass of this second test portion shall be calculated on the assumption that the duplicate test portions have identical moisture contents and recorded ae M,' Annex C (informative) Example of test data sheet Particle size distribution — Sleving mothod: EN 998-1 Laboratory: {Tdentification of the sample Date Operator: ‘Total dry mass My = Dry mass after washing M; = Dry mass of fines removed by washing Mi ~ Ma= “love aperture sie Mase of materiat Percontage of material | Cumulative percentare retained () retained ‘pase mm fe ex 100 100 Ea,» 100 — |p, “ Re co the nearest whole number) [Material in the pan P= _ (M,—M,) +P. Percontage fines () passing the 63 ym sieve = PSAP 209 for washing and sioving For diy sieving, f= Typ? (co nate single decimal) ER + P= Remarks: ~ My-(ER+P) < W100 1% ‘The dry mass of the test portion should be recorded as My when determined directly or as Mj’ when, calculated from a duplicate test portion, ‘© BSI 7 March 2008BSEN 933-1:1997 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London Wa 4AL, ———__ BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards, It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Rovisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. Itis the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. 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