15 July 2011 ADB headquarter, Manila

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Significance of Gender in Energy Intervention

Why should gender be taken into account in energy projects and planning? Men and women are both developers and users of energy technology or beneficiaries of energy projects Men and women use energy for different things Energy technology have different effects on men and women

Gender Mainstreaming vs. Women Only Energy Projects

The traditional approach to energy policy and planning

has assumed gender neutrality. What we find in reality is that energy planning is genderblind such that it fails to recognise that needs of men and women are different. If we aim to ensure that women and men benefit from energy policies and programmes we aim to ensure that the policies are gender aware

Meeting Womens Needs in Energy Projects

Examples of Energy Meets Womens Practical, Productive, and Strategic Needs Energy Form Practical needs Improved biomass (supply and conversion technology) improved health through better stoves less time and effort in gathering and carrying firewood Womens needs and issues Productive needs more time for productive activities lower cost for process heat for income generating activities Strategic interests control of natural forests in community forestry management frameworks.

Mechanical

milling and grinding increases variety of reduces drudgery enterprises transport and portering of water and crops

transport allowing access to commercial and social/political opportunities

Gender in Project cycle

New projects Replication /expansion / level up

Discussio n with partners Validation with partners

Project Planning
agreements

Formulate gender goals & strategies; plan activities

Implementa tion Research/ Baseline study

Roles needs

Gender equity

Sustainability

Evaluation & reporting

Monitoring & reporting

Gender results

Identify gender indicators, track them

Each activity involves discussion with women and men

Research and Pilot Projects on Gender and Energy

Enabling . . . with technical support from DfID Knowledge and Research and University

of Twente, ENERGIA (Philippines, Nigeria, Brazil) Food micro-entrepreneurs (FMEs) spend thirty (30) percent of their budget on cooking energy. Many use biomass energy in traditional cookstoves.

Ambulant Food Vendors: Energy-Efficient Stoves and Hygienic, Healthy Food with UNDP

REP-PoR, ENERGIA Intervention: energy-efficient charcoal cookstove and financing AFVs save thirty (30) percent on energy expense from using energy-efficient cookstove compared to traditional stoves, fifty (50) percent on kerosene and seventy (70) percent on LPG. Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1 (increased income), 2 (children in school), 3 (reduce drudgery, gain self-esteem from knowledge and skills learned, become leaders/resource persons/trainers resulting to empowered women), 4 (improved nutrition, improved emotional state, better treatment in family), 7 (water, personal hygiene and environmental sanitation) and 8 (network and partnership at local and global level).

continued
Retrofitting Kitchen of Food Micro-Entrepreneurs with CIDA-

AIT SEA-UEMA, GWA, ENERGIA Intervention: energy-efficient institutional stove, improved indoor air quality, capacity development, social network FMEs using institutional coosktoves save up to fifty (50) percent on biomass fuel compared to their improvised or traditional stoves. The kitchen is clean & organized with natural ventilation and lighting, water and sanitation facilities and functional working area. Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8

continued
Indigenous Nutritious Food Promoted by Entrepreneurial Poor

with World Bank Development Marketplace 2007 Five mothers of school children in Binondo learned baking in a common or central kitchen of the Alternative Learning System (ALS). Within six (6) months, each mother owned an oven, through financing, baked bread and other confectionary products sold to school canteen, neighbors and friends and became successful entrepreneurs. Outcomes: UN MDGs 1, 2,3, 4 and 7.

continued
Business Model of Briquette Production from Agricultural Residue with Panibagong

Paraan 2008 and Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF) Women and men of ATAP with technical assistance from LGU-Tupi, produce and sell charcoal briquettes from agricultural residues for cooking and poultry brooding using energy-efficient, women-friendly machines. Poultry growers save from 70-80 percent on energy for brooding using the briquette compared to LPG. Local Ordinance s were passed to regulate open field burning in pineapple plantations realizing a saving of over fourteen thousand pesos per hectare for diesel and labour expenses but giving livelihood activities to farm workers/hired labourers and their family members and reducing outdoor pollution, especially smoke from burning residual crops, and GHG from decomposing agricultural residues. Agricultural practices contribute 70 percent methane emission. Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8.

Interventions
Capacity development: gender trainings (women and men are

aware of their role and rules in the family and the food business resulting to family solidarity and cooperation shift from wife/mother livelihood activity to family enterprise), hygiene and sanitation (proper hand washing & waste disposal, acquisition of health cards), GMP (improved time and motion), food processing (variety and increased volume of food products), meal planning (healthy & nutritious food), business planning (savings and investment), food packaging (environmentfriendly), recording/bookkeeping/accounting, etc.) Energy-efficient technologies: improved cookstove, solarpowered LED lighting, solar water disinfection, etc. Micro-finance facility: clean and improved cooking and eating utensils, improved stalls and facilities, childrens education, housing and transport facility, etc.

challenges
We work with local partners: reaching out to over

300,000 food micro-entrepreneurs in Metro Manila alone

Monitoring of application of skills and behavior

change; tracking gender indicators

Documentation of impact and translating them to

policy

Approtech Asia www.approtech.org Email: info@approtech.org, ronmataga@yahoo.com.ph