Library Exercise Searching for Telepathy

Subject: Telepathy 1. ProQuest: From Telepathy To Telekinesis 2. Stanley M Aronson. Medicine and Health Rhode Island. Providence: Oct 2008. Vol. 91, Iss. 10; p. 327 (1 page) Article First Paragraph Summary: Frederic Myers, the English writer invented the word telepathy whilst seeking to define the communication between two minds by means other than the traditional sensory channels. Since he found no word that did so, he used the Greek roots telo-, meaning far off, distant, and patho-, meaning feeling or disease, so the word telepathy, is literally feeling from afar. However the word telepathy could have also meant, diseases from afar since pathologists have strictly used the Greek root word pathos as dealing with disease-states such as pathogen, pathos, and pathology. EBSCOhost: The Evidence for Telepathy. Journal of Spirituality & Paranormal Studies; Apr2009, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p61-62, 2p Author: Morse, Donald R. Article First Paragraph Summary: Telepathy is the supposed transfer of information between people by methodology different from the five sense, and can include the ability to perceive peoples thoughts. The first studies to detect and understand this phenomenon were anecdotal and begun in the 1880s by Fredric W.H. Myers, who first coined the term. A Stanford University psychologist, John Coover, ran tests in 1917 involving playing cards that subjects had to guess the identity of. The most notorious telepathy experiments were those started in 1927 at Duke University, where J.B. Rhine and his associates used the distinctive ESP cards of Karl Zener. Under the rigorous protocols, most subjects were considered to be average. By the 1960s, many parapsychologists became dissatisfied with Rhine's forced-choice experiment due to the boredom of the test subjects and the "decline effect" when card guessing accuracy decreases over time for a given subject.

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Author: Article First Paragraph Summary Title:Can only intelligent children do mind reading: the relationship between intelligence and theory of mind in 8 to 11 years old.(Research)(Report). Author(s):Anto P. Rajkumar, Simpson Yovan, Anoop L. Raveendran and Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell. Source:Behavioral and Brain Functions 4.51 (Nov 11, 2008): p.51. (3427 words) From Academic OneFile. Document Type:Magazine/Journal Bookmark:Bookmark this Document DOI:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/10.1186/1744-9081-4-51 Library Links:

Abstract: Background The mind reading ability of children has evoked wide interest, but its relationship with general cognitive abilities remains obscure. Methods We studied the relationship between the mind reading ability and general intelligence. Children (N = 105) between 8 to 11 years from educational institutions were assessed for the mind reading ability using Picture Sequencing Task and Unexpected Contents Theory of Mind task. We used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to rule out psychiatric morbidity. An independent investigator quantified intelligence and adaptive behavior with BinetKamat Test of intelligence and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale respectively. We employed bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. Results We demonstrated that mind reading ability was not significantly related to general intelligence or its domains except for the social intelligence after controlling the confounders methodologically and statistically. Conclusion These findings argue that mind reading skill exists as an independent cognitive domain and has clinical, research as well as educational implications. Full Text :COPYRIGHT 2008 BioMed Central Ltd. Authors: Anto P Rajkumar [1]; Simpson Yovan [1]; Anoop L Raveendran [1]; Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell (corresponding author) [1] Background

Can we explain children's ability to understand human minds by their sheer sense of intelligence? Will anyone of us bravely bet that the most intelligent student in a classroom is the best in that class to read minds? The cognitive ability to impute mental states to the self and others meaningfully, to predict and explain the intention of behaviors in terms of mental states is named as Mind reading or Theory of Mind (ToM) [1, 2]. ToM serves children to understand that others may hold as well as act upon beliefs different from theirs and appreciating such alternative perspectives is essential for successful social interaction. Research on ToM had usually focused on its origin, development [3] and deficits [4]. Theory of Mind is said to be active even in 15-month toddlers [5] and be deficient in a variety of psychiatric [6, 7, 8] as well as neurological disorders [9, 10]. However, ToM's independent existence as a specific cognitive domain is still controversial [11, 12]. To resolve this debate studying the relationship between ToM and general cognitive abilities is imperative. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between ToM and executive functions [13], language ability [14], and episodic memory [15] among children with compromised intelligence [16] or psychopathology [17, 18]. Among the various general cognitive abilities, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is considered the main confounding factor in studying ToM [19]. Currently, there is a significant paucity of research eliciting the relationship between the ToM and intelligence in typically developing children [20]. Therefore, we opted to study the relationship between the ToM and intelligence along with its various domains in children over broad IQ ranges and with out any psychiatric morbidity. OR Title:Investigating paranormal phenomena: Functional brain imaging of telepathy. (Original Article)(Clinical report). Author(s):Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Peruvumba Jayakumar, Hongasandra Nagendra, Dindagur Nagaraja, R. Deeptha and Bangalore Gangadhar. Source:International Journal of Yoga 1.2 (July-Dec 2008): p.66. (3144 words) From Academic OneFile. Document Type:Magazine/Journal Bookmark:Bookmark this Document Library Links:

Full Text :COPYRIGHT 2008 Medknow Publications Pvt. Ltd. Byline: Ganesan. Venkatasubramanian, Peruvumba. Jayakumar, Hongasandra. Nagendra, Dindagur. Nagaraja, R. Deeptha, Bangalore. Gangadhar Aim: "Telepathy" is defined as "the communication of impressions of any kind from one mind to another, independently of the recognized channels of sense". Meta-analyses of

"ganzfield" studies as well as "card-guessing task" studies provide compelling evidence for the existence of telepathic phenomena. The aim of this study was to elucidate the neural basis of telepathy by examining an individual with this special ability. Materials and Methods: Using functional MRI, we examined a famous "mentalist" while he was performing a telepathic task in a 1.5 T scanner. A matched control subject without this special ability was also examined under similar conditions. Results: The mentalist demonstrated significant activation of the right parahippocampal gyrus after successful performance of a telepathic task. The comparison subject, who did not show any telepathic ability, demonstrated significant activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions: The findings of this study are suggestive of a limbic basis for telepathy and warrant further systematic research. Introduction "Telepathy" is defined as "the communication of impressions of any kind from one mind to another, independently of the recognized channels of sense".[sup] [1] With the help of various rigorous paradigms over the last 70 years, systematic research has lent support to the reality of telepathy.[sup] [2] Meta-analyses of "ganzfield" studies[sup] [3] as well as "card-guessing task"[sup] [4] studies provide compelling evidence for the existence of telepathy. This mysterious phenomenon has implications not only in the cognitive sciences but also in the biological and healing sciences.[sup] [2] It has long been assumed that conscious intention has the capacity to affect living systems across a distance. Intercessory prayers, healing energy, and similar other methods have long been a part of medicine.[sup] [2] Hence, analyzing the underpinnings of telepathy might potentially help in understanding the "distant-healing" phenomena also. Examining people with extraordinary capabilities involving paranormal phenomena might help in a better understanding of these puzzling entities.[sup] [5] Previous such studies examining people with "special talents"[sup] [5],[6] yielded significant insights. Similarly, studies have been conducted on people experiencing paranormal phenomena. A functional MRI study on "distant intentionality" (defined as sending thoughts at a distance) examined the brain activation pattern in a recipient of thoughts from healers who espoused some form for connecting or healing at a distance. The recipient demonstrated significant brain activations in the anterior and middle cingulate areas, precuneus, and the frontal regions.[sup] [7] Previous studies[sup] [8],[9] examining subjects with telepathic ability suggested an association of paranormal phenomena with the right cerebral hemisphere. It has been reported that correlated neural signals may be detected by fMRI in the brains of subjects who are physically and sensorily isolated from each other.[sup] [10] In light of these previous studies, we aimed to examine the functional neuroanatomical correlates of telepathy in Mr. Gerard Senehi, an "expert with telepathic ability (mentalist)" using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). OR Title:Psychic radio: sound technologies, ether bodies and spiritual vibrations. Author(s):Anthony Enns.

Source:The Senses and Society 3.2 (July 2008): p.137(16). (6365 words) From Academic OneFile. Document Type:Magazine/Journal Bookmark:Bookmark this Document Library Links:

Full Text :COPYRIGHT 2008 Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Dba Berg Publishers ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of psychical research on the development of wireless technology as well as the influence of wireless on scientific interpretations of psychic phenomena. The invention of wireless was originally based on the notion that an invisible yet material ether permeated the universe, and this theory was employed to explain sensory perception as well as the transmission of thoughts as brain waves. Wireless thus inspired a radio model of consciousness, which exploded the limits of the body and encouraged scientists to conceive of the soul as material yet invisible vibrations. The theological implications of the ether appealed to Victorian scientists as it fulfilled the religious impulse described by Freud as an "oceanic" feeling of interconnectedness, which the modern world seemed to threaten. The concept of "continuity," for example, seemed to compensate for the alienation of modern life by providing a reassuring image of the universe as profoundly interconnected, interrelated and interdependent. By tracing the connections between the study of perception, technology and psychical research this paper explores the ways in which the relationships between mind, matter and machinery were historically mediated by a new cultural understanding of vibratory movements. KEYWORDS: radio, ether, vibrations, telepathy, spiritualism In his essay "Psychic Television," Stefan Andriopoulos describes the fundamental connections between psychic phenomena like clairvoyance and the development of television, which both informed and inspired one another through a process of "circular causality": "While spiritualism serves as a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the invention of electrical television, the emerging technology simultaneously fulfills the very same function for spiritualist research on psychic telesight" (Andriopoulos 2005: 623). This paper will apply a similar approach to the development of wireless technology by examining the range of metaphors that wireless provided for understanding the psychic apparatus as well as the religious concepts that guided the work of early radio pioneers. The invention of wireless was originally based on the notion that an invisible yet material ether permeated the universe, which allowed the movement of all vibrations, including light, sound and electricity. This theory was employed to explain the transfer of thoughts along the nerves of the body as well as the perception of waves external to the body, and thus the notion of sensory channels was gradually equated with nerve channels, thought channels and even radio channels. By conceiving of thoughts as a form of radiation, scientists began to describe consciousness as a wireless receiver and transmitter, and the soul was similarly described as material yet invisible vibrations. The

development of radio thus inspired a new conception of the psychic apparatus that equated human personality with electricity, which effectively exploded the limits of the body and extended consciousness across space and time. By tracing the interconnections between the study of physiological perception, the development of new sound technologies and the history of parapsychological experiments in thought transference and communication with the dead this paper will explore the ways in which the relationships between mind, matter and machinery were historically mediated by this new cultural understanding of vibratory movements. Telegraphy, Telephony and Telepathy In her book Networking, Laura Otis points out that new information technologies are closely related to new conceptions of the body: "Images of bodily communications nets have inspired us to build technological ones, and images of technological ones have inspired us to see them in the body" (Otis 2001: 2). In the mid nineteenth century, for example, physiologists like Hermann von Helmholtz and Emil DuBois-Reymond saw connections between telegraph networks and the human nervous system: "The similarity between the two apparatus, the nervous system and the electric telegraph ... is more than similarity; it is a kinship between the two, an agreement not merely of the effects, but also perhaps of the causes" (DuBois-Reymond 1887: [2] 51). The concept of telepathy originally emerged within this context, as the notion of disembodied communication between minds was closely linked to the development of these new communications networks, and the term itself echoed the inventions that preceded it, such as telegraphy and telephony. In 1891, for example, Mark Twain published the first of several articles on what he called "mental telegraphy," in which he speculates that his own telepathic experiences might be explained in technological terms. He also half-mockingly suggests that a similar device might be constructed to allow for the transmission of thoughts: