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P-1

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P-6

Knowledge about telecommunications, including the principles of WCDMA system. Product knowledge, including RAN data configuration, RAN hardware structure, RAN operation and maintenance, etc. Related signaling and protocols, including interface protocols, etc. Related international technical specifications. PC network fundamentals, including Ethernet, TCP/IP, Client/Server, database, etc.

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P-7

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P-8

Which operations may cause interruption over part or all of the traffics. Which operations may cause equipment damage. Which operations may cause subscriber complaints.

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P-11

Information collection: The failure information that needs to be collected before the troubleshooting. Fault judgement: The location of fault area and type. After collecting the fault information, you need to analyze fault symptoms to determine the fault area and type. Fault location: The fault cause location by analyzing and comparing possible causes. Fault removing: After locating the fault, you need to remove the fault.

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P-12

Collecting fault information in the following ways: Consult the person who reports the fault about the symptom, time, location, and frequency of the fault. Ask the operator of the equipment about the daily running status, failure symptom, operations performed before the fault occurs, and measures taken after the fault occurs and the consequence. Observe board LEDs and the alarm management system on the LMT to obtain information about the running status of software and hardware. Test the service, measure the performance data, or trace interfaces or signaling messages to learn the scope of the fault and the impact of the fault on the system.

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P-13

During RAN routine maintenance, most fault information is from the former three sources. However, usually the initially obtained fault information cannot describe the trouble completely and thoroughly, especially when the information is got via a phone call. The information cannot represent the essence of the fault unless it is given in detail. Nowadays, the network size is growing and the complication of networking is increasing. The change in and interference from the various internal and external factors may constitute a negative impact on the normal running of RAN. Consequently RAN faults might result from some more complex causes. This makes it more and more difficult to locate a RAN fault. It is no use to just analyze the problem and try to solve it based on the inadequate information. It may enlarge the scope of faults to be located and increase the difficulty of solving them, even lead to the error processing methods, thus losing the best chance to remove the faults. So, it is essential to collect various original information.

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P-14

During implementation or expansion, we can Interchange NodeBs and judge whether the fault is subject to RNC or NodeB. During maintenance, RNC faults do affect some or all of NodeBs.

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P-15

Link Fault: E1T1, FE/GE, Optical cable, signaling link fault. Clock Fault: Abnormal clock makes voice quality and the transmission of data services maybe affected. Handover Fault: If the handover fails, the service quality is deteriorated or the call is dropped. Access Fault: When an access fault occurs, the UE cannot receive radio signals or register with the network, the UE drops the call frequently, or the UE cannot make calls or be called after the registration. CS Service Fault: When a CS service fault occurs, the UE cannot make phone call, or has low quality of CS service. PS Service Fault: When a PS service fault occurs, the UE cannot access the GPRS network or the UE cannot obtain corresponding PS services although it can access the GPRS network. Cell Fault: Cell fault refers to cell setup fault. O&M Fault: O&M fault make O&M for RNC and NodeB unavailable.

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P-16

As mentioned in the above, although there are many factors for the fault of the RAN, they seldom function simultaneously. That is, only some or one of them function at the specified time. The fault location is to exclude the impossible causes and find the right ones from many possible causes. The accurate and fast location can not only improve the troubleshooting efficiency but also avoid the man-made accidents caused by the error operation.

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P-17

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P-18

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P-19

After locating the fault, you can start to remove the fault and restore the system by taking proper measures, such as checking the cables, replacing the faulty boards, modifying configuration data, switching over a pair of active and standby parts, and resetting the boards. When removing the fault, ensure that: Use different procedures for different faults. Check the system again after the troubleshooting to ensure that the fault is completely removed. To avoid the occurrence of similar faults, record the causes of the fault and take preventive or corrective measures.

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P-20

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P-23

The RAN maintenance personnel usually can get more than what they expect if they do well in collecting the original information and analyzing it effectively and thoroughly. Besides handling the UE related trouble, the original information analysis can also be used to handle other troubles, especially the trunk trouble. Trunk is related to transmission system interconnection and signaling matching, therefore, the original information collection seems to be vital to trunk troubleshooting. Such original information includes the operating status (normal or not) of transmission system, state (modified or not) of data at the peer office, definitions of some signaling parameters, etc.

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P-24

Log File Type: GUI Value Range: PFM_RESULT(Performance result file), HOST_PFM_RESULT(Performance result file from host), ACTIVE_DEF_MEAS_FILE(Active default measurement task file), STANDBY_DEF_MEAS_FILE(Standby default measurement task file), PFM_SWITCHS(The switchs information for performance), HISTORY_ALARM(History alarm file), HISTORY_FAULT(History fault file), ALM_SYSTEM_CFG(The configured information of alarm), SECURITY_LOG(Security logs), OPT_LOG(Operation logs), OMU_LOG(The log information of OMU), BSC_CFG_MML(The data configure file of the BSC), CELL_BASIC_INFO(The basic information of cells), BSC_SERIES_NO(The series No. of the BSC), DB_BAK(The backup file of the database), MEM_DB_BAK(The backup file of the database in memory), BTS_BASIC_INFO(The basic information of sites), BTS_CHECK_LOG(The examination file of BTS), BTS_DEBUG_LOG(The debug file of BTS), BTS_CHR_LOG(The CHR log of BTS), TRX_LOG(The TRX log), BTS_NET_TABLE(The net table information of BTS), DEBUG_LOG(The common debug log), LAST_WORD(The last word log), DSP_DEBUG_LOG(The debug log of DSP), HOST_LOG(The running log of the host), 2G_CHR_LOG(The CHR log for GSM), 3G_CHR_LOG(The CHR log for UMTS), 2G_UNILATERAL_CONNECT(The unilateral connection log for GSM), BSC_INFO(The basic information of the BSC), GCSR_LOG(The CHR log for single user of GSM CS), GPSR_LOG(The CHR log for single user of GSM PS), AIDG_LOG(A interface dial diagnose log), BIOS_LOG(BIOS log)

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P-25

The alarm information output from the alarm maintenance system includes the detailed description of the abnormality, possible causes and restoration suggestions. It involves the hardware, link, trunk and CPU loading ratio, etc., with abundant and complete information. It is a gist for the fault analysis and location. The alarm information analysis is mainly used to find the specified section or cause of the fault. Due to its abundant contents, the alarm information may be used to locate the fault cause itself or along with other methods. It is one of the main methods for fault analysis.

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P-26

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P-27

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P-28

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P-29

Due to the inadequacy of the information indicated by the indicators, they are generally used along with the alarm information. An LED reflects the working status of a board, a circuit, a link, an optical path, or a node. The LED is an important key to fault analysis and location. The LED status is used to quickly locate the fault and the causes of the fault. Because of limited information, the LED status is often used together with alarm information.

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P-30

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P-31

A Calling test is used to check the call processing function of the RAN and the relevant equipment. It is a simple and quick way of troubleshooting. Calling tests are often used in daily maintenance to determine whether the UE, NodeB, RNC, and trunk system work properly. Calling tests are also used together with continuous and dynamic tracing to test the RAN functions.

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P-32

Measurement is a common technical means of RAN troubleshooting. It is widely used in power supply testing, signaling analysis, waveform analysis, and bit error rate (BER) check. Through instruments and meters, you can directly obtain fault-related data.

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P-33

Performance statistics is a means of analyzing the call drop rate. The call drop rate is an important counter of the RAN. It is affected by many factors and therefore difficult to predict. Performance statistics can help to find call drop causes in time and prevent call drops effectively.

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P-34

The interface trace is applied in locating the failure causes of subscriber call connection and inter-office signaling cooperation, etc. The trace result can help to find the cause of call failure directly and locate the problem or to get the index for the subsequent analysis

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P-35

A loopback test refers to such a test in which a transmitted signal is returned to the sending device. Loopback is used to observe the functioning of a device or channel, the provisioning of services, and the status of signaling flows. With the information, you can determine whether hardware and software parameters are properly set. Loopback is commonly used to locate transmission faults and trunk parameter errors. During the process of setting up a new site and expanding the capacity of trunks, loopback of a RAN trunk can help to determine whether the trunk and signaling link parameters are properly set. Loopback tests are usually used together to locate transmission faults.

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P-36

There are several kinds of Loopback: board port loopback, board port timeslot loopback, Remote Speech Channel Loopback and DSP Channel/Link Loopback. On the LMT Board port loopback : BSC Maintenance > Maintain Transmission and Signaling > Interface Board Port Loopback. Board port timeslot loopback: BSC Maintenance > Maintain Transmission and Signaling > Interface Board Port Timeslot Loopback Remote Speech Channel Loopback :BSC Maintenance > Maintain User Resource > Remote Speech Channel Loopback DSP Channel/Link Loopback : BSC Maintenance > Maintenance User Resource > DSP Channel/Link Loopback

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P-37

You can compare the symptoms of a faulty part with those of a good one to find out the causes. Comparison is applicable when the fault occurs in a narrow scope. You can replace the faulty part with a good one to compare the running status of the two parts to determine the scope or location of the fault. Interchange is applicable when the fault occurs in a wide scope.

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P-38

The switching and resetting can not locate the fault cause accurately, and due to the randomness of software running, the fault may be not able to re-occur after the switching or resetting, thus it is difficult to know the real fault and solve the problem. So, this method is just an emergency method, applicable only in the emergent situation: Compared with other methods, switchover and reset are auxiliary methods. After switchover or reset, the fault symptom seldom appears again within a short period. As a result, the faults cannot be found, which brings potential security and stability risks to the equipment. Usually, the reset operation disrupts the ongoing services and even brings the system down.

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P-39

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P-40

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P-41

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P-42

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P-43

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