Parts of Statutes

1. Title -- The title of the statute is the heading on the preliminary part, furnishing the name by which the act is individually
known.

2. Preamble -- That part of the statute explaining the reasons for its enactment and the objects sought to be accomplished. 3. Enacting Clause -- That part of the statute which declares its enactment and serves to identify it is an act of legislation
proceeding from the proper legislative authority.

4. Body -- The main and operative part of the statute containing its substantive and even procedural provisions. Provisos and
exemptions may also be found in the body of the statute.

5. Repealing Clause -- That part of the statute which announces the prior statutes or specific provisions which have been
abrogated by reason of the new law.

6. Saving Clause -- a restriction in a repealing act, which is intended to save rights, pending proceedings, penalties, etc., from
the annihilation which would result from an unrestricted repeal.

7. Separability Clause -- That part of the statute which provides that in the event that one or more provisions are declared void
or unconstitutional, the remaining provisions shall still be in force and effect.

8. Effectivity Clause -- That part of the Statute which announces the effective date of the law.
Kinds of Statutes

1. General Law -- is one that affects the community at large. A law that relates to a subject of a general nature, or that affects
all people of the state or all of a particular class.

2. Special Law -- is one which is different from others of the same general kind, designed for a particular purpose, limited in
range, or confined to a prescribed field of action on operation.

3. Local Laws -- are those which relates or operates over a particular locality. 4. Public Laws -- consist of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of
the State, the relations between the people and the state, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, and the relations of states with one another.

5. Private Laws -- are those which defines, regulates, enforces, and administers relationships among individuals, associations
and corporations.

6. Remedial Statutes -- are those which refer to the method of enforcing rights or of obtaining redress of their invasion. It can
be made to applicable to cases pending at the time of its enactment.

7. Curative Statutes -- are those which undertake to cure errors and irregularities, thereby validating judicial or administrative
proceedings, acts of public officers, or private deeds and contracts which otherwise would not produce their intended consequences by reason of some statutory disability or failure to comply with some technical requirement. They operate on conditions already existing, and are necessarily retroactive in operation. Curative statutes are "healing acts x x x curing defects and adding to the means of enforcing existing obligations x x x (and) are intended to supply defects, abridge superfluities in existing laws, and curb certain evils x x x By their very nature, curative statutes are retroactive x x x (and) reach back to past events to correct errors or irregularities and to render valid and effective attempted acts which would be otherwise ineffective for the purpose the parties intended."

8. Penal Statutes -- are those which defines criminal offenses and specify corresponding fines and punishments. It is enacted to
preserve the public order, which defines an offense against the public and inflicts a penalty for its violation.

9. Prospective Laws -- are those which applies only to acts or omissions committed after its enactment. 10. Retrospective Laws -- are those which look backwards or contemplates the past. Laws which are made to affect acts or facts
occurring, or rights occurring, before it came into force.

11. Affirmative Statutes -- are those couched in affirmative or mandatory terms. One which directs the doing of an act, or
declares what should be done.

12. Mandatory Statutes -- are those which require, and not merely permit, a course of action.