INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES Textiles is a Latin word. It means weaving or woven material.

From earliest times, people have used textiles of various types for covering, warmth, personal adornment and even to display personal wealth. With the advent of new techniques in the sphere of production, the meaning of word textiles has also undergone some changes. Textiles therefore really mean any material made from the yarn either by adopting a process of weaving or knitting. India textiles is the second largest business giving

employment field after agriculture and largest foreign exchange earner. Mumbai is the Manchester of India. Manchester is a city in U.K. which discovered many textile items like automation of handmade into machine made. Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkatta, Surat, Ahmedabad, Tirupur, Karur, Cannanore, Panipet, Madurai, Salem, Bhavani are the main export centers of India.

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

In the beginning the management had invested about Rs1,00,000. Due to hard work of the founder the proprietary concern gets developed into partnership concern and the investment has risen to Rs13 crores. At the time of formation the land value is Rs 10,000 and it rises to Rs 13,00,000. The organization is also registered under Central Sales Tax Act (CST), TamilNadu General Sales Tax Act (TNGST), and Central Excise Duty.

The organization is fully modernized and is up to the International level.

PARTNERS Mr. V. N. Krishnamurthy Mr. Venkataraman

AUDITOR Manjunath&co LEGAL ADVISOR Mr. D. Subramani BANKER Karur Vysya Bank Limited (Karur) CORPORATE OFFICE Narasimha Chettiar sons Home textiles Rajaji Street thirupur

RECOGNITION

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION Purchasing is a function of procuring goods and services from sources external to the organization. In the words of Alford and Beary Purchasing is the procuring of materials, supplies, machine tools and services required for the equipment

maintenance and operation of a manufacturing plant. The main raw material used in the concern is the Cora which is purchased from reputed mills from Coimbatore. The other raw materials are dyes, caustic soda, soda ash, salt,

auxiliaries, soap, paste, acid etc. from reputed chemical industries from North India. OBJECTIVES OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT 1. To procure the needed materials at a competitive price of the right quality in the right quantity and at the right time. 2. To maintain continuity of supply to ensure production schedule at minimum inventory investment. 3. To ensure the production of goods of better quality at a competitive price by procuring materials that best suit the product and the purpose for which they are intended. 4. To suggest better substitutes to materials which are currently being used with a view to lower the cost and maintain quality of the products. 5. To assist in fixing probable price and delivery schedule etc.

Purchase

department

perform

the

above

objectives

effectively and efficiently.

STRUCTURE OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Purchase department

Purchasing executive

Manager

Assistant

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION Production is a sequence of technical process requiring either directly or indirectly the mental or physical skill of craftsman and consists of changing the shape and size and properties of material ultimately converting them into the desired materials.

The cost of dyeing machines cost about Rs30 lakhs and the dyeing section contains about 15 machines. In general dyeing refers to coloring the yarn by using the dyes. The dyes include direct dyes, Napthols i.e. Azo free dyes, vat dyes, and reactive dyes and sulphuric dyes. The company only uses Azo free dyes for their yarn. Azo free dyes are amine free dyes. The concern purchases dyes from reputed companies from North India. The process of dyeing section includes wetting, boiling, bleaching, dyeing, soaping, and finishing.

DYEING PROCESS CHART Date_________ Order No._______________ Design No_____________ Party ___________________ Count ____________ color _______________ Lot _____________ Bundles________ kg___ S. Process N name o 01 Wetting oil Qnt y Tem p Proces s time Startin g time Finishin g time remark s

02 Caustic 03 Soda ash 04 Stabilize r 05 H2O2 peroxide 06 Killer washing 07 Acid 08 Washing 09 Dyes

10 11 12 13

Salt Soda Steam Washing

14 15 16 17

Acid Washing Soaping Washing

18 Fixing soafner Loading time: Master Finishing time: operator Process time:

Dyeing Machine

STRUCTURE OF DYEING WETTING PROCESS

BOILING PROCESS

BLEACHING PROCESS

DYES

SOAPING

FINISHING

STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION FOR HOME TEXTILES GINNING

SPINNING

WEAVING

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WEAVING Weaving is the specific manner in which the warp and weft interlaces to form a woven fabric. Weaving is done with the help of weaving machines. In the company the management uses certain types of machines to produce different types of fabrics Weaving machines are called looms. The looms used in V.S.N.C are Rapier, Drop box looms, Dobby looms, and Jacquard looms. These machines have their own features which are as follows. RAPIER LOOMS Rapier looms are those looms which are shuttle-less looms. DROP BOX LOOMS These are the looms with drop box for multiple weft insertion used for checks and weft way stripes. JACQUARD LOOMS These are jacquard mechanism fitted looms which permit the production of woven design of considerable size which are beyond the capacity of simple dobby looms. 1. WEAVING LOOM SHED During the process of weaving the sheet of warp from the weavers beam is converted into a cloth by three operations i.e. shedding, picking and beat up. a. SHEDDING In the process of shedding the sheet of warp is separated into two layers as per the pre-defined pattern. b. PICKING In the process of picking the weft thread is introduced between the two layers of the shed. c. BEAT-UP

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In the process of beat-up the thread is pushed securely to the fell of the cloth. In order to facilitate smooth operation of weaving the warp sheet is let-off at regular intervals synchronizing with the take-up motion, which winds the woven cloth on to a roller. This completes the operation of weaving. After weaving the fabric is subjected to checking/mending.

PRODUCTION CAPACITY The production capacity denotes the average number of pieces produced within a particular time period. The production capacities of different machines DYEING Wetting Bleaching Boiling 29 tons/day 50 tons/day 77 tons/day

Coloring9 tons/day

WEAVING CAPACITY PER MACHINE There are 14 looms in the weaving process. The given capacity represents the capacity of one machine a day.

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Reeling

STITCHING UNIT This is the final unit of the production process. In this process the woven fabrics are cut and stitched according to their size and shape. In the stitching process the edges are stitched with their name of the organization and with care symbols. CARE LABELING INTRODUCTION Care labeling provides a uniform system of symbols to guide the consumers disclosing the care instructions on labels that are permanently attached to the consumer textile products such as apparel, piece goods and house hold article. By the system of symbols, the languages dependent care instructions are reduced. Proper care instructions enable complaint few or less risk of damage due to improper cleaning methods. Each country follow their own form of instructions. Some of the basic care labeling of the main countries care labeling are

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Canadian care labeling, European care labeling, Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) care labeling, Australian care labeling, and USA care labeling. EUROPEAN CARE LABELING The European care labeling consists of at least four and sometimes five symbols. They are presented exactly in the following sequence

Washing

chlorine Bleaching

ironing

drying cleaning

Tumble drying

Washing: (by hand or machine)

Machine washes normal Mechanical action

Machine wash Reduced mechanical action

Machine wash much Reduced mechanical action

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Hand wash

Chlorine-based bleaching May be used chlorine bleaching

Do not use chlorine bleaching

Ironing Cool iron (maximum 1100c)

Warm iron (maximum 1500 c)

Hot iron (maximum 2000c)

Do not iron

Dry-cleaning * The circle has shown below may contain the following letters:

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A representing all solvents P representing tetrachloro ethylene, mono fluorotrichloro

methane or the solvents listed for the symbols F F represents trichloroethane, or white spirit P suitable for dry cleaning P suitable for dry cleaning with special treatment and advice should be sought from a professional dry cleaner.

Do not dry clean

Tumble drying after wash:

Tumble drying possible

Tumble drying possible (at lower temperature setting)

Do not tumble dry

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LABELING METHODS Symbols should be arranged from left to right according to the sequence For colored products which are not usually bleach, the symbol for possibility of chlorine bleach may be omitted. For products which are not usually ironed, the symbols for ironing may be omitted.

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STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

MARKETING /SALES DEPARTMENT Marketing department As they manufacture their products only for export they do not need marketing activities to be carried out in the domestic market. To meet the prospective buyers/agents and interact with them personally the managing partner and partner participating major home textiles fair held all over the world since many years. All the samples of entire range of their products are displayed in an attractive manner in their stalls. MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Sales department

Marketing Executive

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Sales Manager

FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT It is very difficult to keep all transactions in memory. That is why recording the information had been an essential one so that all the transaction of the company has been recorded. Financial management plays a vital role in the part of managements which is concerned with the planning, directing and controlling at all activities related to procurement and utilization. Financial resources of an enterprise for business purpose also maintained payment of returns to these resources.

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The company has been acquiring external sources and internal sources. In addition they also maintain the following important subsidiary register Stores of stationery ledger Production ledger The main files maintained are as follows Sales tax file Raw material file Packing material file Order received file Payment advice file To letter file or letter outward file Communication file Brokerage and commission file Receipt file From letter file or letter inward file Plant & machinery file Electricity board file Postage and petrol file Freight file Stores file Maintenance file All voucher file

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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION According to E.F.L. Brech personnel management is that part of management process which is primarily concerned with the human constituents of an organization. AIMS OF PERSONNEL MANAGER To attain economically and effectively the organizational goals Serving to the highest possible degree the individual goals and Preserving and advancing the general welfare of the community LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES DRINKING WATER The workers in the organization are free to get drinking water. There is sufficient drinking water provided to the workers with proper storage. The organization uses bore waters for dyeing.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Fire extinguishers are kept at all necessary places. Fire extinguishers are only operated by well trained person. His photo is affixed near the fire extinguishers with his name and designation in the concern.

LIGHTING Sufficient quantity of light is provided with right degree of intensity and bright. It spreads uniformly over all parts of the working surface especially in stitching unit. TRAVEL ALLOWANCE The workers in V.S.N.C. are entitled to receive travel allowance. If the workers are from place which they want to come by bus or train they are entitled to have travel allowance. BETTER SANITARY FACILITIES The organization also provides for better sanitary facilities at places separately for both men and women. SHIFT TIMINGS The top level management in the organization does not wish to extract more from their workers. Normally in this concern there is only day time working. If there are any urgent works only then the organization go for night duty. The workers in the night duty are provided with tea and Tiffin. The remuneration paid for night time workers are little higher than day time workers. Normally the workers in the organization are provided with proper breaks in order to make them energetic. Two tea breaks are given one in the morning section and other in the evening section.

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Working time 10.00 a.m. to 1.30 p.m. 3.00 p.m. to 7.00 p.m. CHILD LABOUR As per the Factories Act 1948 no child who has not completed his/her 14th year shall be required or allowed to work in a factory.

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STRUCTURE OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

Personnel Department

Personnel manager

Assistant

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POLLUTION CONTROL ACTIVITIES Man has played a very important part in shaping his environment. He has been responsible for degrading the quality of his environment ever since he appeared on this earth. At first he contaminated the atmosphere by the use of fire which added gases, smoke, and ash to it. With the advent of industrial revolution, coupled with urbanization, all kinds of impurities began to be added to the natural air, water, as well as soil, causing almost irreparable damage to environment. As regards the company. dyeing unit degrades the quality of water by disposing waste waters i.e. dyed water which is very toxin in nature. This water when it is used for irrigation the soil gets contaminated and the production is affected. This

contaminated water has hazardous effect on all living things not only human beings but also animals and plants. To overcome such pollution the organization adopts pollution control plant which purifies to the toxicant i.e. dyed water to some what purified water but those purified water cannot be used for drinking. It can be reused for dyeing purpose.

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INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION The inspection is one of the crucial stage activities in the manufacture of textile products. The products at various stages as on receipt, during the process and final stage are normally inspected to assess the status of the product for acceptance or otherwise. Inspection is carried out mainly to appraise the quality of products in terms of manufacturing defects and adherence to the specification and other requirements. Normally, the visual inspection is carried out in company on the products to examine the occurrence of yarn defects, fabric defects, fabrication defects, and design/colors besides

specification particulars and followed by drawing the samples for testing to know the hidden quality parameters such as shrinkage, strength, color fastness etc. GSP CERTIFICATE Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a system whereby preference giving industrialized developed countries grant preferential tariff treatment to certain agricultural and industrial countries products imported from originating developing

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR GSP CERTIFICATE 1. GSP form A and B duly filled in 2. Invoice, 3. Airway bill/ bill of lading Form is too signed by an Authorized signatory, place, and date to be mentioned along with exporters stamp.

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STRUCTURE OF QUALITY & INSPECTION DEPARTMENT

Quality & inspection Department

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Assistant

Foremen

STORES DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION Storekeeping refers to the safe custody of all the items of material stocked in the store-room for which the store keeper acts as a trustee. This simply means that the materials carried into the store are to be stored in the store-room in such a manner that the possibility of their being stolen or damaged due to fire or any other cause is reduced and they can be easily located and issued whenever required for use in and outside the store room. OBJECTIVES

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The objectives of store keeping can broadly be categorized under the following heads. 1. Minimization of cost of production 2. Providing efficient service MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION The maintenance department is concerned with planning and controlling routine, planned, and preventive maintenance activities of an organization. Thorough streamlining of

maintenance work is essential before an attempt is made to set standards. ORGANIZATION FOR MAINTENANCE The success of a maintenance department is largely dependent on its organization. Each enterprise has to adopt an organization best suited to its need but the following guidelines are indicative of adopting a particular set up for a specific purpose. The size and the type of organization for maintenance for a plant depend on following factors. 1. Volume of its business and production schedule 2. Complexity and nature of business/jobs in that industry. 3. Equipment age and condition 4. Physical location of the plants facilities/departments 5. Availability of plants own maintenance manpower and skilled labors PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Preventive maintenance consists of routine actions taken in a planned manner to prevent breakdowns. Lubrication and inspection are the two constituents of preventive maintenance. Lubrication ensures long and safe working of the equipment without mishaps. Inspection facilitated detection of faults in

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equipment so that repairs and replacements may be undertaken before the faults assume the proportion and shape of a breakdown.

STRUCTURE OF MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT

Maintenance Department

Manager

Assistant

Foremen

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COMMUNICATION FACILITIES They have wide net work of communication channels systematically well connected systems. They have totally 3 telephone connections and internet facility with STD/ISD facilities.

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CONCLUSION

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