CPL/ ATPL FUEL PLANNING

By SK Manocha skmanocha@rediffmail.com

FUEL PLANNING

ntroduction : Importance of Fuel Planning and Monitoring

ased on Predicted Values of Consumption

nternationally Agreed Procedures

Vary from A/c Type to Type

ealistic Planning Based Upon: Operational Manual/ Current Aeroplane Specific Da Aircraft Anticipated Weights (Masses) Expected Meteorological Conditions ATC Procedures and Restrictions

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi T T Trip Reserve Extra C Contingency Alternate A F Final Reserve A Additional E T T C A F A E

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Startup, Taxi, Hold Pre-flight Services: APU, AC

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip T/O, SID and to TOC TOC to TOD; incl Step Cruise TOD to IAF; incl STAR Approach and Landing

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip

R Contingency E Individual A/c Consumption vs Standard S Changes from Met Forecast E R Planned Routing/ Cruising Level Deviations v e

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip R Contingency E Alternate S E Missed App to Planned Alternate R Incl Expected Routing/ Wind v e NO Contingency Allowance

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip R Contingency E Alternate At Alternate S Min E Final Reserve Landing Fuel Required R Normally Landing Final Reserve v Jet/ Turbo-prop 0:30, e
Piston 0:45 at Endurance Speed

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip

R Contingency E Alternate No Alternate S Landing -2 min Tyre Burst Situation E Final Reserve R No En-Route Alternate/ Height Lo v Additional Engine Loss/ Pressurization Failure e

BREAKDOWN of FUEL Taxi Trip R Contingency E Alternate S E Final Reserve Above Min Required R Surplus Uplifted v Additional e Commander Decision Extra Particular Circumstances

CALCULATION of FUEL Taxi Trip

Standard Allowance Extracted from Graphs/ Tables

Contingency Based on Type of Operation R E Alternate S E Final Reserve 0:30 for Turbo; 0:45 for Piston R v Additional e Extra

CALCULATION of CONTINGENCY FUEL Higher of A and B: A

No Alternate : 5% of Planned Trip (or Remainder) Fu

En-route Alternate: 3% of Planned Trip (or Remainder)

) 0:20 Trip Fuel Flow (Optrs Fuel Monitoring)

Amount Based on Optrs Fuel Monitoring + Analysi B 5 min at Holding Speed

EXAMPLE 1
Jet A/c. Taxi Fuel 50 kgCruise FF 4500 kg/hr Hold FF 3000 kg/hr Flt Duration 3:00 Contingency 5% Trip Fuel Alternate 950 kg Calculate Required Ramp Fuel. Taxi Trip = 4,500 x 3.0 = 50 kg 13,500 kg

Reserve: Contingency 675 kg Alternate 950 kg Final Reserve = 0.5 x 3000 = 1,500 kg Additional Extra Total Ramp Fuel N/R N/R 16,675 kg

EXAMPLE 2
Jet A/c. Taxi Fuel 90 kg Trip Fuel 5,530 kg Hold FF 5,800 kg/hr Alternate 4,430 kg Contingency 5% Trip Fuel Calculate Minimum Required Take Off Fuel. Taxi Trip Reserve: Contingency Final Reserve = 0.5 h x 5800 = Alternate Additional Extra Required T/O fuel N/R N/R 13,227 kg 90 kg 5,530 kg 277 kg 2,900 kg 4,430 kg

EXAMPLE 3
Piston A/c. Taxi Fuel 25 lbs Cruise FF 160 lbs/hr Hold FF 80 lbs/hr Flt Duration 1:45 Alternate 50 lbs En-route Alternate: Available Taxi 25 lbs Calculate Fuel on Arrival at Alternate, if Contingency 280 lbs Fuel Trip Used. x 1.75 = Not = 160 Reserve: Contingency = 3% of Trip = 8.4 lbs Alternate 50 lbs Final Reserve = 0.75 h x 80 = 60 lbs Additional and Extra N/R Fuel O/H Alternate = Contingency + Final Reserve Fuel O/H Alternate = 8 + 60 = 68 lbs

EXAMPLE 4
Piston A/c. Taxi Fuel 25 lbs Cruise FF 160 lbs/hr Hold FF 80 lbs/hr Flt Duration 1:45 Alternate 50 lbs En-route Alternate: Available Calculate FuelTaxiArrival at Destination after a 20 on 25 lbs minutes hold, if Contingency Fuel Not Used. Trip = 160 x 1.75 = 280 lbs Reserve: Contingency = 3% of Trip = 8.4 lbs Alternate 50 lbs Final Reserve = 0.75 h x 80 = 60 lbs Additional and Extra N/R Fuel at Destn = Contingency + Alternate + Final Reserve 20 min Hold Fuel at Destn = 8 + 50 + 60 - 27 = 91 lbs

FUEL MONITORING Regular in-flight Fuel Checks Actual vs Planned consumption Comparison

ii) Remaining Fuel vs Flight

i) Expected Fuel on Arrival at Destination

Relevant Data must be recorded