35

Chapter 16 Homework Solutions

16.1 (a) The work done is ( ) cos cos W F s qE s = = , or


( )( )( )
19 2 19
1.60 10 C 200 N C 2.00 10 m cos0 6.40 10 J W

= =
(b) The change in the electrical potential energy is


19
6.40 10 J
e
PE W

= =
(c) The change in the electrical potential is


19
-19
6.40 10 J
4.00 V
1.60 10 C
e
PE
V
q

= = =

16.3 The work done by the agent moving the charge out of the cell is

( ) ( )
( )
19 3 20
J
1.60 10 C 90 10 1.4 10 J
C
input field e
W W PE q V

= = = +
| |
= + =
|
\ .

16.5
6
2
25000 JC
1.7 10 N C
1.5 10 m
V
E
d

= = =

16.7 (a)
5
3
600 JC
1.13 10 N C
5.33 10 m
V
E
d

= = =

(b)
( )( )
19 5 14
1.60 10 C 1.13 10 N C 1.80 10 N F qE

= = =
(c)
( ) ( )
14 3 17
cos
1.80 10 N 5.33 2.90 10 m cos0 4.38 10 J
W F s

=
= =


36 CHAPTER 16

16.9 (a) Use conservation of energy

( ) ( )
s e s e
f i
KE PE PE KE PE PE + + = + +

or ( ) ( ) ( ) 0
s e
KE PE PE + + =

( ) 0 KE = since the block is at rest at both beginning and end.

( )
2
m ax
1
0
2
s
PE kx = ,

where
m ax
x is the maximum stretch of the spring.

( ) ( )
m ax e
PE W Q E x = =

Thus, ( )
2
m ax m ax
1
0 0
2
kx QE x + = , giving


( )( )
6 5
m ax
2 50.0 10 C 5.00 10 V m
2
0.500 m
100 N m
QE
x
k

= = =
(b) At equilibrium, 0, or 0
s e eq
F F F kx Q E = + = + =

Therefore,
1
0.250 m
2
eq m ax
QE
x x
k
= = =

Note that when the block is released from rest, it overshoots the equilibrium
position and oscillates with simple harmonic motion in the electric field.
16.11 (a)
( )( )
9 2 2 19
7
-2
8.99 10 N m C 1.60 10 C
1.44 10 V
1.00 10 m
e
kq
V
r

= = =

(b) ( )
( )( )
2 1
2 1 2 1
9 2 2 19
8
1 1
1 1
8.99 10 N m C 1.60 10 C
0.0200 m 0.0100 m
7.19 10 V
e e
e
kq kq
V V V kq
r r r r

| |
= = =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=

k
Q
E
x = 0
ur
Electrical Energy and Capacitance 37
16.13 (a) Calling the 2.00 C u charge
3
q ,

( ) ( )
1 2 3
2 2
1 2
1 2
6 2 6 6
9
2
2 2
6
2.00 10 C N m 8.00 10 C 4.00 10 C
8.99 10
C 0.0600 m 0.0300 m
0.0600 0.0300 m
2.67 10 V
e i
e
i i
kq q q q
V k
r r r
r r
V

| |
| = = + +
|
+
\ .
| |
| |
|
= + +
|
|
| \ .
+
\ .
=

(b) Replacing
6 6
2.00 10 C by 2.00 10 C

in part (a) yields


6
2.13 10 V V =






16.14 ( )
( )
f i
W q V q V V = = , and

0
f
V = since the 8.00 C u is infinite distance from other charges.


( ) ( )
6 2 6
9 1 2
2
2 2
1 2
6
2.00 10 C N m 4.00 10 C
8.99 10
C 0.0300 m
0.0300 0.0600 m
1.135 10 V
i e
q q
V k
r r

| |
| | | |
|
= + = +
| |
|
| \ . \ .
+
\ .
=


Thus,
( )( )
6 6
8.00 10 C 0 1.135 10 V 9.08 J W

= =









38 CHAPTER 16

16.15 (a)
2 9 9
9
2
N m 5.00 10 C 3.00 10 C
8.99 10 103 V
C 0.175 m 0.175 m
e i
i i
k q
V
r

=
| || |
= =
| |
\ .\ .

(b)
( )( )
2
12
9 9
2
7 9
2
5.00 10 C 3.00 10 C
N m
8.99 10 3.85 10 J
C 0.350 m
e i
kqq
PE
r

=

| |
= =
|
\ .


The negative sign means that positive w ork m ust be done to separate the charges
(that is, bring them up to a state of zero potential energy).
16.16 The potential at distance 0.300 m r= from a charge
9
9.00 10 C Q

= + is


( )( )
9 2 2 9
8.99 10 N m C 9.00 10 C
270 V
0.300 m
e
kQ
V
r

= = = +

Thus, the work required to carry a charge
9
3.00 10 C q

= from infinity to this location
is

( )( )
9 7
3.00 10 C 270 V 8.09 10 J W qV

= = + =
16.17 The Pythagorean theorem gives the distance from the midpoint of the base to the charge
at the apex of the triangle as

( ) ( )
2 2
2
3
4.00 cm 1.00 cm 15 cm 15 10 m r

= = =

Then, the potential at the midpoint of the base is
e i i
i
V k q r =

, or


( ) ( ) ( )
9 9 9
2
9
2 2
4
7.00 10 C 7.00 10 C 7.00 10 C
N m
8.99 10
C 0.0100 m 0.0100 m 15 10 m
1.10 10 V 11.0 kV
V

| |
+
| |
| = + +
|
|

\ .
\ .
= =

Electrical Energy and Capacitance 39
16.21
e
kQ
V
r
= so


( )( )
9 2 2 9
8.99 10 N m C 8.00 10 C
71.9 V m
e
kQ
r
V V V

= = =

For 100 V, 50.0 V, and 25.0 V, V = 0.719 m , 1.44 m , and 2.88 m r=

The radii are inversely proportional to the potential.
16.56 (a) The 1.0- C u is located 0.50 m from point P, so its contribution to the potential at P is


( )
6
9 2 2 4 1
1
1
1.0 10 C
8.99 10 N m C 1.8 10 V
0.50 m
e
q
V k
r

| |
= = =
|
\ .

(b) The potential at P due to the 2.0- C u charge located 0.50 m away is


( )
6
9 2 2 4 2
2
2
2.0 10 C
8.99 10 N m C 3.6 10 V
0.50 m
e
q
V k
r

| |
= = =
|
\ .

(c) The total potential at point P is ( )
4 4
1 2
1.8 3.6 10 V 1.8 10 V
P
V V V = + = + =
(d) The work required to move a charge 3.0 C q u = to point P from infinity is

( ) ( )( )
6 4 2
3.0 10 C 1.8 10 V 0 5.4 10 J
P
W q V q V V

= = = =








40 CHAPTER 16

16.66 The electric field between the plates is directed downward with magnitude


4
-3
100 V
5.00 10 N m
2.00 10 m
y
V
E
d

= = =

Since the gravitational force experienced by the electron is negligible in comparison to
the electrical force acting on it, the vertical acceleration is


( )( )
19 4
15 2
31
1.60 10 C 5.00 10 N m
8.78 10 m s
9.11 10 kg
y y
y
e e
F qE
a
m m

= = = = +

(a) At the closest approach to the bottom plate, 0
y
v = . Thus, the vertical displacement
from point O is found from
( )
2 2
0
2
y y y
v v a y = + as


( )
( )
( )
2
6 2
0 0
15 2
5.6 10 m s sin45
0 sin
0.89 m m
2 2 8.78 10 m s
y
v
y
a

= = =

The minimum distance above the bottom plate is then

1.00 m m 0.89 m m 0.11 m m
2
D
d y = + = =
(b) The time for the electron to go from point O to the upper plate is found from
2
0
1
2
y y
y v t a t = + as


3 6 15 2
2
m 1 m
1.00 10 m 5.6 10 sin45 8.78 10
s 2 s
t t

| | | |
+ = +
| |

\ . \ .


Solving for t gives a positive solution of
9
1.11 10 s t

= . The horizontal
displacement from point O at this time is


( ) ( )
6 9
0
5.6 10 m s cos45 1.11 10 s 4.4 m m
x
x v t


= = =