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ti:tm hiu ns2 v demo
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Sinh vin thc hin:NG HU NGC HUY

MC LC
MC LC...........................................................................................................................1
A.GII THIU V NS2:.....................................................................................................2
I.GII THIU V NS:........................................................................................................2
II.CI T NS2:.................................................................................................................3
1.Ci trn windowns:......................................................................................................3
2.Ci ns-2 trn ubuntu:.....................................................................................................4
III.TM HIU V NS2:.......................................................................................................4
1.KHI TO V KT THC:.......................................................................................4
2.TO NT MNG:.......................................................................................................5
3.TO LIN KT CC NT MNG:...........................................................................6
a.Lin kt n cng :....................................................................................................6
b.Lin kt song cong:...................................................................................................6
c.Lm t lin kt gia 2 nt:..........................................................................................6
4.CC TC NHN-AGNET TRONG NS2:.................................................................6
a.khi nim Agnet:.......................................................................................................6
b.Agent UDP:...............................................................................................................7
c.Agnet TCP:................................................................................................................7
4.LP NG DNG TRONG NS2:.................................................................................8
a.Lp Application: ......................................................................................................8
b.Phn loi ng dng:..................................................................................................8
c.ng dng pht sinh lu lng mng:.......................................................................9
d.ng dng gi lp mng:..........................................................................................10
6.LP LCH S KIN:.................................................................................................10
7.HIN TH DNG NAM:...........................................................................................10
8.LIN KT LI:..........................................................................................................10
IV.CC PHN MM KT HP VI NS-2:..................................................................11
1.NAM...........................................................................................................................11
2. TRACEGRAPH: .......................................................................................................12
B.PHN BI TP DEMO:...............................................................................................14

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A.GII THIU V NS2:

I.GII THIU V NS:
Ns l mt phn mm m phng mng iu khin s kin ring r
hng i tng ,c vit bng ngn ng C++ va OTCL.
Trong , C++ dng x l d liu, cc thao tc v gi tin v
Otcl c s dng nh dng cu hnh m phng, iu khin
m phng.
y l l do h m phng NS t hiu qu. gim bt thi
gian x l gi tin v nhng s kin trong m phng, tt c u
c thc hin trn C++.
NS c s dng m phng LAN v WAN .
NS-2 c thit k chy trong mi trng Unix.V th chy
NS-2 trn windows ta cn Cygwin l phn mm gi lp mi trng
Unix trong Windows.
NS thc thi cc giao thc mng nh Giao thc iu khin truyn
ti (TCP) v Giao thc gi ngi dng (UDP); cc dch v ngun
lu lng nh Giao thc truyn tp tin (FTP), Telnet, Web, Tc
bit c nh (CBR) v Tc bit thay i (VBR) ; cc k thut
qun l hng i nh Vo trc Ra trc (Drop Tail), D sm
ngu nhin (RED) v CBQ; cc thut ton nh tuyn nh
Dijkstra NS cng thc thi multicasting v vi giao thc lp iu
khin truy cp ng truyn (MAC) i vi m phng LAN.
Tng quan v ns2:

Hnh tng quan ns2 di gc ngi dng

OTcl Script
Kch bn OTcl
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 Simulation Program
OTcl
tng
NS Simulation Library
Event Scheduler Objects
Network Component Objects
Network Setup Helping Modules
Plumbling Modules
Simulation Results
Analysis
NAM Network Animator

Chng trnh M phng

B bin dch Tcl m rng hng i
Th vin M phng NS
Cc i tng B lp lch S kin
Cc i tng Thnh phn Mng
Cc m un Tr gip Thit lp Mng
Cc m un Plumbling
Cc kt qu M phng
Phn tch
Minh ha Mng NAM

II.CI T NS2:
1.Ci trn windowns:
B1: Qu trnh chy file ny c nhng bc chn sau:
- Chn Install local from Directory trong hp thoi Chose Install Type.
- Chn th mc mc nhin l C:\Cygwin v chn All User v
Unix/Binary trong hp thoi Chose Installation Directory.
- Hp thoi Select local Package Directory ch nh gi l ng dn
n th mc ftp%3a%2f%2fftp.nctu.edu.tw%2fWindows%2fcygwin.
- Trong hp thoi Select Package chn mc Currence v chn All sao
cho hin th Install.
- Chng trnh s t ng ci t cho n khi hon thnh. Nn chn
Creat Icon on Desktop. Trn nn Desktop s c biu tng ca
Cygwin.
B2: Ci t NS-2. Bc ny gm cc bc nh sau:
*b2.1: Double Click (Chy file Cygwin) trn biu tng Cygwin trn
Desktop (Bc ny phi thc hin. Khi file Cygwin chy ln du s khi to
th mc c tn l tn ca ngi s dng trong th mc
C:\Cygwin\home\<tn ngi s dng>.
Nu khng chy file Cygwin th khng c th mc ny. Mn hnh lm vic
ging mn hnh DOS.
*b2.2: X nn file ns-allinone-2.30.tar v chp th mc ns-allinone-2.30 vo
th mc C:\Cygwin\home\<tn ngi s dng>
*b2.3: Tr li mn hnh ca Cygwin (ging mn hnh DOS), ti du mi c
dng
<ten ngi s dng>
g lnh CD ns-allinone-2.30 vo th mc ns-allinone-2.30

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ti du mi g lnh: ./install
chng trnh se thc hin ci t NS-2 cho n khi hon thnh
M file BASHRC ny (vi chng trnh Wordpad) trong th mc
C:\Cygwin\home\<tn ngi s dng> v sa li nh sau:
export NS_HOME=/cygdrive/c/cygwin/home/tn ngi s dng/nsallinone-2.30
export PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:
$NS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:
$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/otcl-1.12:$NS_HOME/lib:
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export TCL_LIBRARY=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/library
2.Ci ns-2 trn ubuntu:
B1: u tin update cho apt-get :
Lnh code : sudo apt-get update
sau khi update xong ta thc hin lnh :
sudo apt-get install -f build-essential libxt-dev libxt6 libsm-dev libsm6
libice-dev libice6 libxmu-dev
B2: Gii nn ns-allinone-2.34
Code: tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz
Thc hin lnh sau ci t.
Code: ./install
B3: Cn chnh sa thm file /.bashrc nh ci t trn windowns.
m file /.bashrc thc hin lnh sau.
Code: gedit ~/.bashrc

III.TM HIU V NS2:

1.KHI TO V KT THC:
Trong b cng c gi lp ns-2,lp quan trng nht l Simulator.N
cung cp cc th tc giao tip to,qun l topology va lu gi cc
tham s cu hnh ca cc tham s cu hnh ca cc thnh phn trong
topology.Thng thng,cc kch bn gi lp thng bt u bng vic
gi lp,sau gi cc phng thc to cc node,topo v cu hnh
cho cc node,cc lin kt,ng dng....
C php khi to mt i tng Simulator nh sau:
Set tn_i_tng [new Simulator]

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 c file u ra vi d liu m phng (file bm vt ) hay cc file s

dng cho hin th (file nam) th chng ta cn to file ny bng cch s
dng lnh open nh sau:
#m file bm vt
Set tracefile1 [open out.tr w]//tao file bm vt tn l out.tr
$ns trace-all $tracefile1
#m file bm vt nam
Set namfile [open out.nam w]//to file bm vt tn l out.nam
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
Trong tp lnh tcl,cc file out.nam v out.tr khng c gi trc tip
m thng qua 1 tn bin tracefile1 v namfile .
Phng thc trace-all l tn ca file m cc trace s chy.
kt thc chng trnh ta dng hm finish
#nh ngha 1 th tc `finish'
Proc finish {} {
glocal ns tracefile1 namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile1
close $namfile
exe nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
gi th tc hm finish ta dng lnh $ns at t finish ,trong t l
thi im mun gi hm finish tnh bng giy.
bt u qu trnh m phng : $ns run.
2.TO NT MNG:
a.to 1 node:
c php : set tn_node [$ns node]
vd: set n0 [$ns node]
Mt nt trong NS cha t nht cc thnh phn sau:
+a ch hoc s ID,gi tr c khi to bng 0 v tun t tng 1 n v
khi c 1 node mi c to.
+Danh sch cc node lng ging ca n(neighbor_).
+Danh sch cc Agent (agent_).
+Loi node(nodetype_).
+Module nh tuyn ca node.

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3.TO LIN KT CC NT MNG:

Trong ns2 c 2 loi lin kt cc node:
+lin kt n cng(simple link)
+lin kt song cng(duplex-link)
a.Lin kt n cng :
l loi lin kt theo kiu point-to-point gia 2 nt m ch c 1 node
truyn v 1 node nhn.C php:
$ns simplex-link <$node1> <$node2> <bandwidth><delay><queue_type>
Trong :
+ bandwith:l bng thng.
+delay:thi gian tr gia 2 ln.
+queue_type:loi hng i.
b.Lin kt song cong:
l loi lin kt theo kiu point-to-point gia 2 nt nhng mi node va
truyn v nhn.C php:
$ns duplex-link <$node1> <$node2> <bandwidth><delay><queue_type>
C cc hng i sau: +DropTail:loi b gi tin cui cng
+RED:loi b sm ngu nhin.
+FQ:sp hng i cn bng....
c.Lm t lin kt gia 2 nt:
c php : $ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)
$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)
2 dng lnh trn s lm t kt ni gia 2 nt 1 v 2,t 1 giy n 2
giy.sau kt ni li c thit lp.
4.CC TC NHN-AGNET TRONG NS2:
a.khi nim Agnet:
l giao thc tng mng hoc tng vn ti dng x l cc gi tin
khi node nhn c.
Gm cc Agnet sau:
Th Agent gm c cc giao thc:
Cc TCP Agent nhn d liu :
Agent / TCPSink
Agent / TCPSink / DelAck
Agent / TCPSink / Sack1

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 Agent / Null
Cc TCP Agent truyn d liu
Agent / TCP
Agent / TCP / Reno
Agent / TCP / Sack
Agent / TCP / Vegas
Agent / TCp / Fack
Agent/UDP
b.Agent UDP:
l agent khng hng i tng tc l khng c ch pht hin gi tin
b mt khi truyn v truyn li gi tin khi b mt.
To 1 i tng UDP:
Set udp(int) [new agent/udp]
Kt ni agent udp cho node:
$ns attach-agent <$node> <$agent>
Ci t ng dng cho agent:
$traffic-gen attach-agent <$agent>
Trong : traffic-gen:l tn ng dng, to 1 ng dng c php:
Set traffic-gen [new application/traffic/traffic-gen]
To kt ni gia 2 agnet:
$ns connect <$agnet1> <$agent2>
Cu hnh cho 1 agent UDP:
$udp set packsize _<kich_thc>
$udp set dst_addr_<address>
$udp set dst_port_<portnum>
$udp set class_<class-type>
$udp set ttl_<time to live>
c.Agnet TCP:
Cu hnh TCP:
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]//to ra bin con tr tcp cho tc nhn TCP
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]//nh ngha nt TCP ch v gn n
cho bin con tr sink
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp //nh ngha nut ngun kt ni TCP
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp_sink//nh ngha nt ch
$ns connect $tcp $tcp_sink//kt ni TCP gia cc nt ngun v ch
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gm 2 loi:
+agnet 1 chiu.
+agent 2 chiu.
Agent mt chiu l nhng agent ch ng mt trong hai vai tr hoc l bn
gi hoc l bn nhn. Trong khi , agent hai chiu l agent ng c hai vai
tr va l bn nhn, va l bn gi.
Mt s tcp bn gi:
Tcp reno:
TCP Newreno
Mt s tcp bn nhn:
Tcp sink:nhim v tr v ACK,pht ra ACK cho mi ln packet nhn
c. Kch thc ca ACK c th thay i c.Cu hnh:
Agent/TCPSink set packetSize_ kich_thc
Tcp sink/delack:c th gi phn hi ACK khi nhn c vi
packet.Cu hnh :
Agent/tcpsink/delack set interval_thi gian
Trong :thi gian l thi gian ch gia hai ln truyn gi tin
ACK.
4.LP NG DNG TRONG NS2:
a.Lp Application:
ng dng trong NS-2 c xy dng bi lp application c ci t
trong phn nhn ca NS-2.
Lp Application cung cp mt s phng thc c bn cho qu trnh
hot ng ca mt ng dng: send(), recv(), resume(), start(),
stop(), mt con tr tr n giao thc tng vn ti bn di m n
kt ni.
b.Phn loi ng dng:
Trong ns-2 c 2 loi ng dng:
ng dng pht sinh lu lng mng (Traffic Generator).
ng dng gi lp mng (Simulated Applications).

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c.ng dng pht sinh lu lng mng:

ng dng pht sinh lu lng mng c th chia lm ba loi: exponential,
pareto v CBR.
Exponential: pht sinh lu lng mng theo hai trng thi ON/OFF.
trng thi ON, cc gi d liu c pht sinh theo mt tc
truyn khng i. Ngc li, trong trng thi OFF, khng pht
sinh lu lng mng. Cc tham s cu hnh cho i tng:
PacketSize_ : kch thc ca gi d liu.
burst_time_ : thi gian trung bnh trong trng thi ON.
idle_time_ : thi gian trung bnh trong trng thi OFF.
rate_ : tc gi cc gi d liu.
C php:$exponential set thamso
Pareto (Application/Traffic/Pareto): pht sinh lu lng
mng theo hai trng thi ON, OFF. Cc tham s cu hnh:
PacketSize_ : kch thc ca gi d liu.
burst_time_ : thi gian trung bnh trong trng thi ON.
idle_time_ : thi gian trung bnh trong trng thi OFF.
rate_ : tc gi cc gi d liu
C php:$pareto set thamso
i tng CBR (Application/Traffic/CBR) dng pht sinh cc
gi d liu theo mt tc bit khng i. Cc tham s cu hnh:
PacketSize_ : kch thc ca gi d liu.
rate_ : tc truyn d liu.
interval_ : khong thi gian gia hai ln truyn d liu.
random_ : pht sinh tn hiu nhiu mt cch ngu nhin. Gi tr
mc nh l off.
maxpkts_ : s packet ln nht c truyn i.
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C php:$cbr set thamso

d.ng dng gi lp mng:
FTP:l ng dng dng truyn ti cc file qua mng.
Cc phng thc c ci t trong NS-2:
attach-agent : gn ng dng FTP ln agent vn ti.
start : khi ng ng dng FTP.
stop : ngng ng dng.
Tham s cu hnh:
maxpkts : s gi d liu ln nht c pht sinh bn gi.
Telnet : dng pht sinh cc gi d liu theo mt
trong hai cch da vo bin interval_ . Mc nh , gi tr ny bng 0.
6.LP LCH S KIN:
Ns2 l mt m phng da trn cc tp s kin ring l,v vy cn lp
lch s kin bng c php sau:
$ns at <time> <event>
B lp lch bt u khi ta chy ns :$ns run
Vd:$ns at 0.1 $cbr start
$ns at 3 $cbr stop
Thi gian hot ng ca cbr l 0.1 n 3 n v tnh bng giy.
7.HIN TH DNG NAM:
Th tc thit lp v tr ca cc nt mng trong nam:
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns simplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient left
$ns simplex-link-op $n3 $n2 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n4 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n5 orient right-down
T mu nt:
$n0 color Red//t nt n0
T mu lin kt:
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 color tn mu
8.LIN KT LI:
Lin kt li l nh tuyn ng i khc khi tuyn ng c b li.
C php:
$ns rtpeoto dv

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t cu lnh trc cc i tng c to ra.

IV.CC PHN MM KT HP VI NS-2:
1.NAM
a.Chy nam: mn hinh lnh g nam
b.chc nng ca NAM:
Cung cp trnh din o cho mng c to
C th thi hnh trc tip t kch bn Tcl
NAM c giao din ho bt mt ca CD player vi cc iu khin
bao gm play (chy), stop (ngng), fast forward (chy tip nhanh), rw
(li li), pause (tm ngng), iu khin tc trnh din v tnh nng
gim st packet
Biu din thng tin nh throughput (thng lng), s packet trn tng
link
Cung cp giao din r v th cho vic to ra cc topology (m hnh).
c.s dng NAM:

Th

Agent gm c cc giao thc:

Cc TCP Agent nhn d liu :
Agent / TCPSink
Agent / TCPSink / DelAck
Agent / TCPSink / Sack1
Agent / Null
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Cc TCP Agent truyn d liu

Agent / TCP
Agent / TCP / Reno
Agent / TCP / Sack
Agent / TCP / Vegas
Agent / TCp / Fack
Agent/UDF

Th TRAFFIC SOURCE gm cc ng dng:

CBR
EXPONENTIAL
FTP
PARETO
TELNET
Th LOSS MODEL:
PERIODIC
UNIFORM
2. TRACEGRAPH:
-TraceGraph l b phn tch file trace. Tracegraph chy trong h iu hnh
Windows, Linux, Unix v yu cu h thng c ci t Matlab 6.0 (hoc cc
phin bn cao hn).
-gi
Tracegraph h tr cc nh dng file trace nh sau:
Wired (c dy)
Satellite (v tinh)
Wireless (khng dy)
a.chc nng ca Tracegraph:
238 th 2D (hai chiu)
12 th 3D (ba chiu)
Cc th v cc thng k v Delay (tr hon), jitter ( rung pha),
processing times (s ln x l), Round Trip Times (s ln kh hi),
intermediate nodes (s node trung gian) v throughput (thng lng)
Cc th v cc thng k cho ton network (mng), link (lin kt) v
node
Tt c cc kt qu c th c lu vo file dng text (dng vn bn),
cc th c th lu di dng file jpeg hay tiff.

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 Thng tin ca trc x,y,z: minimum (gi tr nh nht), mean (gi tr

trung bnh), maximum (gi tr ln nht), standard deviation ( lch
tiu chun) v median (s trung bnh)
Nu cc th lu trong file text th trong file ny c th da vo
thng tin 2 hay 3 ct v li th.
X l cc file kch bn phn tch mt cch t ng

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Giao din ha ngi dng Trace graph

B.PHN BI TP DEMO:

M t bi ton:
Cho mng thng tin c cu hnh nh hnh.Nt s1 va s2 tng
ng to ra cc ngun lu lng tcp1 v tcp2 gi gi tin n nt d
da trn giao thc truyn TCP.Cc gi c pht sinh gi ti cc
ngun ny mt cc u n vi tc tng ng l 500 v 600
gi/s chiu di gi l 1300byte.Nt s3 c ngun lu lng UDP
pht ra nhng gi gi ti d3 vi chiu di l 1024byte/s,s lng
gi tun theo phn b poisson tc l 400 gi/s.Cc hng i gn
vi cc lin kt s dng c ch SFQ.

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1.vit kch bn v chy m phng h thng thng tin ni trn trong

khong thi gian 4 pht.
2.thu thp v v th cc s liu kh thng v t l mt gi ca
tng lung tng lung ti tng nt,kch thc hng i trn cc
lin kt node_2-node_5,node _4-node_5 v node_3-node_4
---------kt thc--------CHN THNH CM N THY

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