Solution: (a) ‘The reaction is: {H) = se) (20.12) From Table 20.3, (dul = Ky-pi2s log Ky =-"228 is ppm. T = 1873 K, py, = 0.05 aim at the bubble exit ai the top of the melt. Solving with the above values, hy = 5.5 ppm = 5.5 x 1074 in wt. % scale. + 2.409, where the unit of A log hy = log fi + log Wa =eg-We ten Wyant eg We Fen Wy + log Wy Putting in values, and solving, the following can be obtained: Wy = 4.69 x 10° wr. % = 4.69 ppm(b) Hydrogen Balance mj = Rate of removal of H from steel (g/min) mi, = Rate at which H is transferred to vacuum (g/min) (Ex. 20.4) 6 mt = —W x 10° x Ayal = wx Appa (Ex. 205) ‘md = Rx 10° x {{ppm H] - [ppm Hy} % LO = R{ ppm H] - [ppm Hy) (Ex. 20.6) ‘Equating Eqs. (Ex. 20.5) and (Ex. 20.6), type AD TR (Ex. 207) ——— Oe is ippm H]-[ppm H],, W Integrating Eq. (Ex. 20.7) between the limits: = 0, ppm H = 5, and f= 15 min, ppm H = 2, i 150 5, 5= [ppm Hleg 15 2-[ppm Heq On the basis of part (a), and assuming that the gas in the vacuum chamber is only H>, calculations give [ppm H]eq = 0.66 ppm, thus giving R = 11.75 tonnes/min,