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PART TWO RULE 126 - SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Pertinent Documents & Pleadings: (1) Search Warrant; (2) Documents as basis for issuance: Request for Issuance; Affidavit/s of complainant or witnesses Others (Photographs, sketches, etc.); TSN of searching questions (3) Pleadings: (1) Motion to Quash Search Warrant (2) Motion to Suppress (3) Motion for Return of Property Seized I. Nature, scope and definition A. Definition & Nature Const. (1987), art. III, Secs. 2, 3; Rule 126, Secs. 1, 13; Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967); Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967); People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991); B. Constitutional and statutory boundaries; limitations on State action 1. Nature of right protected; waiver of protected right Villanueva v. Querubin, 48 SCRA 349 (1972); People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991); Guanzon v. De Villa, 181 SCRA 623 (1990); 2. Scope of protection Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 3(1); Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984); Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967); Enhanced Senses: Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001) Thermal imaging device California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986) Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989);

California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988); United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983) - Sniff Dog Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 87 S. Ct. 408, 17 L. Ed. 2d 374 (1966) RA 4200; Gaanan vs. IAC, G.R. No. L-69809 October

16, 1986

- Rule 126, sec. 13; C. Types 1. With A Search Warrant a. Generally - Rule 126, sec. 1; - People v. Aruta, 288 SCRA 626 (1998); - Manalili v. CA, 280 SCRA 400 (1997); b. Venue of application; jurisdiction of court Rule 126, sec. 2; BP 129 (as amended by RA 7691), sec. 21; Interim Rules (January 11, 1983), par. A3; Malaloan v. CA, 232 SCRA 249 (1994); People v. CA, 291 SCRA 400 (1998);

c. Requisites for issuance - Rule 126, sec. 1; cf. Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 2; - Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); (1) Concept of probable cause in search warrants - People v. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998); - Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984); - Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 613 (1983); - Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 15 (1967); (2) Determining probable cause: i) Person Authorized: Who determines? - Const. (1987), Art. III, sec. 2; - Rule 126, sec. 4; - Kho vs. Makalintal, 306 SCRA 70

- Bache vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971) - People vs. Mamaril, 420 SCRA 662 (2004) ii) Procedure: How is it determined? - Rule 126, sec. 5; - Paper Industries Corporation of the - Philippines v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); - Roan v. Gonzales, 145 SCRA 687 (1984); - Alih v. Castro, 151 SCRA 279 (1987); - Bache v. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (3) Description of things to be seized - Kho v. Macalintal, 306 SCRA 70 (1999); - Bache vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (4) Description of place to be searched - Roan vs. Gonzales, id - Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); People vs. C.A., 291 SCRA 400

d. Things that may be seized - Rule 126, sec. 3; - Burgos vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 - Rules on DNA Evidence A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC October 2, 2007 - People v. Umanito, G.R. #172607 Oct. 26, 2007 e. Form and content of warrant; lifetime - Rule 126, sec. 1, 6, 10; - Bache v. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971); - Mustang Lumber v. CA, 257 SCRA 430 (1996); f. Validity of warrant - People v. Estrada, 296 SCRA 383 (1998); - People v. CA, 291 SCRA 400 (1998); 2. Warrantless Search & Seizure: a. Search incident to lawful arrest - Rule 126, sec. 13;

- People v. Padilla, 269 SCRA 402 (1997); - People v. Chua Ho San, 308 SCRA 432 (1999); - Office of the Court Administrator v. Barron, 297 SCRA 376 (1998); - Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969); - Nolasco v. Pano, 147 SCRA 509 (1987); Cf. Nolasco v. Pano, 139 SCRA 152 (1985); Posadas v. CA, 188 SCRA 288 (1990) People vs. Cuizon, G.R. No. 109287. April 18, 1996; Malacat v. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1997); People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 25 (2000) Warrantless Search of Computers & Cell Phones: Computers: U.S. vs. Hill, 459 F.3d 966 (2006) U.S. vs. Ziegler, 474 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir., January 30, 2007) Edward T.M. Garland and Donald F. Samuel, Fourth Am endm ent and Com puters, Georgia Bar Journal, Vol. 44, Feb. 2009 Cellphones: U.S. vs. Finley, 477 F.3d 250 State vs. Smith, 124 Ohio St.3d 163 (2009) Adam M. Gershowitz, The I Phone M eets the Fourth Am endm ent, UCLA Law Review, October, 2008. Bryan Andrew Stillwagon, Bringing an End to W arrantless Cell P hone Searches, Summer 2008 Georgia Law Review.

b. Consented search - People v. Malasigui, 63 Phil. 221 (1936); - Alvarez v. CFI, 64 Phil. 48 (1937); - Schnecbloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) (1) Peaceful submission not consent to search - Garcia v. Locsin, 65 Phil. 689 (1938); (2) Effect of voluntary surrender - People v. Agbot, 106 SCRA 325 (1981); (3) Effect of posting bail - Rule 126, sec. 14;

Cf. Rule 114, sec. 26; c. Stop and Frisk, Roadblocks & Checkpoints, and Other Less Intrusive Searches Stop and Frisk: Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968); Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993) Florida v. J.L., 529 U.S. 266 (2000) Esquillo v. People, 629 SCRA 370 (2010)

Roadblocks & Checkpoints: Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979); Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444 Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325 - Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002; - Manalili v. CA, 280 SCRA 400 (1997); - Malacat v. CA, 283 SCRA 159 (1998); - People v. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996) - People v. Laserna, 278 SCRA 561 (1997); - People v. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401(1991) - People vs. Encinada, G.R. No. 116720. October 2, 1997* - People vs. Cuizon, 265 SCRA 325 Checkpoints: - Valmonte v. De Villa, 178 SCRA 211 (1989); - People vs. Vinecario, 420 SCRA 280 (2004); - Aniag vs. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 424 (1994); - People vs. Escano, 323 SCRA 754 (2000)

d. Moving vehicles/hot pursuit Caroll v. US, 267 U.S. 132 (1925); California V. Carney, 471 U.S. 386 (1985)

- Papa v. Mago, 22 SCRA 857 (1968); - Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 15, 2002; - Asuncion v. CA, 302 SCRA 490 (1999); - Roldan v. Arca, 65 SCRA 336 (1975); - People v. Lo Ho Wing, 193 SCRA 122 (1990); - People v. Balingan, 241 SCRA 277 (1995);

- Obra v. CA, 317 SCRA 594 (1999); e. "Plain View" Doctrine: Harris v. US, 390 U.S. 234 (1966); Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 472 (1971); Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987) Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990) People v. Musa, 217 SCRA 597 (1993); People v. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 (1999); People v. Bolasa, 321 SCRA 459 (1999); People v. Evaristo, 216 SCRA 431 (1992); People v. Valdez, 341 SCRA 24 (2000); People v. Salanguit, 356 SCRA 683 (2001) f. Private Searches & "State Expansion of Private Search" - People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991); - People v. Bongcarawan, G.R. No. 143944. July 11, 2002 - State v. Von Bulow, 475 A.2d 995 g. Extraordinary circumstances: - People v. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994); - Bringham City v. Stuart, 126 S.Ct. 1943 (2006) h. Concepts of : "Fruit of the Poisonous Tree"; "Attenuation"; "Inevitable Discovery" - Nardone v. U.S., 308 U.S. 338 - Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471 - Nix vs. Williams, 467 U.S. 431

II. Procedure for service of warrant; post-service procedure A. Service of warrant 1. Time of search - Rule 126, sec. 9; 2. Two-witness rule - Rule 126, sec. 8; - People v. Gesmundo, 219 SCRA 743 (1993); 3. Breaking of door or window to effect search - Rule 126, sec. 7; - People vs. Huang Zhen Hua, 439 SCRA 350 (2004) B. Post-service procedure - People v. Gesmundo, 219 SCRA 743 (1993); 1. Issuance of Receipt

- Rule 126, sec. 11; - People v. Lacbanes, 270 SCRA 193 (1997); 2. Delivery of property and inventory; return and proceedings on the return: - Rule 126, sec. 12; - People v. Gesmundo, 219 SCRA 743 (1993); III. Remedies against unreasonable search and seizure 1. Motion to quash search warrant or suppress evidence : - Rule 126, sec. 14; - RA 8493, sec. 2(d) (cf. Rule 118, sec. 2[d];) - Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967); - Bache v. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 823 (1971); - Rakes v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 (1978); - Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999); 2. Waiver of Jurisdiction & Waiver of Admissibility: - People vs. Lapitaje, 397 SCRA 674 (2003); - Esquillo vs. People, G.R. No. 182010, August 25, 2010

3. Return of property illegally seized: - Uy Kheytin v. Villareal, 42 Phil. 892 (1920); - Magoncia v. Palacio, 80 Phil. 170 (1948); - Collector v. Villaluz, 71 SCRA 356 (1976); - Mata v. Bayona, 128 SCRA 388 (1984); 4. Criminal liability and Civil Damages: - Rev. Pen. Code, Arts. 128, 129, 130, 206; - MHP Garments v. CA, 236 SCRA 227 (1994);

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