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I. Introduction
II. Review of Switching Characteristics III. Traditional Resonant Topologies IV. Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter V. Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter Operation Principle VI. Design Guidelines and Example
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I. Introduction
Typical applications of power electronics include AC-DC, DC-AC, AC-AC and DC-DC. The requirements of power converter include small size, light weight, high efficiency and high power density. Hard-switching PWM converters suffer from high switching losses, high switching stresses and high EMI noise. Soft-switching PWM converters can alleviate these problems in which a high switching frequency operation can be achieved.
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SOA
hard-switching
ON A1 A2
soft-switching
B
V
OFF
Switching losses
Turn-on loss due to reverse-recovery current of the freewheeling diode
WD =
t on 0
v DS ( t )i DS ( t )dt
v DS C DS ( vDS ) d DS
WCds =
Turn-off loss
V DS 0
W off =
t off 0
DS ( t )i DS ( t )dt
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STMicroelectronics
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V in
Lm Lr
Np
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DQ2
D2
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LLC DC Characteristics
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V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D2 Ns2
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Mode 1 (t0~t1)
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Mode 2 (t1~t2)
D1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C1 Lm Np Ns1 Co V out
V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D 2 Ns2
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Mode 2 (t1~t2)
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Mode 3 (t2~t3)
T1 Q 1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p
D 1
Ns1
C o V out
V in Lr Q 2 D Q2 C 2 D2 N s2
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Mode 3 (t2~t3)
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Mode 4 (t3~t4)
T1 Q 1 C Q1 C 1 Lm N p
D 1
N s1
C o V out
V in Lr Q 2 C Q2 N s2
C 2
D 2
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Mode 4 (t3~t4)
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Mode 5 (t4~t5)
D 1 T1 Q 1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out
V in
Lr N s2 Q 2 D Q2 C 2 D 2
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Mode 5 (t4~t5)
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Mode 6 (t5~t6)
D 1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C1 Lm N p N s1 Co Vout
V in N s2 Lr Q2 D Q2 C2 D 2
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Mode 6 (t5~t6)
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Mode 7 (t6~t7)
D 1 T1 Q1 D Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out
V in Lr Q2 D Q2 C 2 D 2 N s2
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Mode 7 (t6~t7)
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Mode 8 (t7~t8)
D 1 T1 Q1 C 1 Lm N p N s1 C o V out
V in Lr Q2 C 2 D 2 N s2
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Mode 8 (t7~t8)
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Control Circuitry Design ST L6599 Resonant Controller Featured Description Pin function description L6599 operate frequency Design Example and Test Result
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Load setting
Unit: A +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 0.2 6 3 6 6 +12V 3 0.2 1.5 3 3 +5Vs 0.05 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 +18V 1 1 2 0 3
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Efficiency
Vac-efficiency
Load4() Load5()
92.00% Efficiency 90.00% 88.00% 86.00% 84.00% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Vac
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Regulation1
Vin=90Vac +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 4.96 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.25 18.24 Pin 72.20 192.50 152.10 210.30 278.20 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.80 Unit:V Efficiency 80.57% 85.22% 84.79% 86.16% 84.76%
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Regulation2
Vin=100Vac +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.24 18.25 Pin 72.00 191.10 151.20 208.20 275.00 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.83
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Regulation3
Vin=220VAC +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.25 11.93 11.91 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.96 4.95 +18V 18.23 18.22 18.22 18.23 18.22 Pin 69.50 184.40 146.60 201.10 263.60 Pout 58.16 164.04 128.96 181.20 235.74 Efficiency 83.69% 88.96% 87.97% 90.11% 89.43%
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Regulation4
Vin=260VAC +24V Load1 Load2 Load3 Load4 Load5 24.43 23.73 24.05 24.08 24.06 +12V 11.60 12.24 11.60 11.92 11.91 +5Vs 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 4.95 +18V 18.24 18.22 18.22 18.24 18.22 Pin 69.40 183.50 145.60 199.20 261.80 Pout 58.17 164.04 128.47 181.23 235.74 Efficiency 83.82% 89.39% 88.23% 90.98% 90.05%
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