A PROJECT REPORT ON ONLINE COUNSELING

Submitted for Vocational Training of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University (CSVTU), Bhilai For B.E. Vocational Training Project Work

Submitted By: Guided By:

Preeti Jain

Mr. Bharat Thakkar Mr. Suresh Dua

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURG (CHATTISGARH)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our heartfelt gratitude to all those people without whom this project would not have reached its successful completion. It was fortunate of us to have the guidance from all these knowledgeable people. We thank each and everybody who has been a help to us in the whole process of making of this project. They gave their valuable suggestions, corrected us when we were going wrong and appreciated every time we deserved. First and foremost we would like to thank Mr. Bharat Thakkar, who was our teacher and guide throughout the process. We also thank Mr. Suresh Dua for providing us with a healthy and easy learning environment.

PREFACE
Online Counseling is an attempt to reduce the physical, mental and financial burden on students and their parents. With various universities providing free online counseling to students on admission to various professional courses such as B.E., B.Arch., B.Pharma., MBA, MCA, MBBS, BDS, B.Ed., etc., it has become a lot more easier for the students to choose their study centre and course on the basis of number of seats available, merit list etc. Various boards such as AIEEE (All India Engineering Entrance Examination), AIPMT (All India Pre Medical Test), State Boards (UP, Haryana, Kerala) provide online counseling, thereby saving the time, money and effort of students. Based on this counseling help, the students can work out their choices conveniently.

Index
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Introduction 1 2. Purpose 2 3. Scope 3 4. References 4 5. Assumptions 4 6. Functional requirements 5 7. Data Requirement 6 8. Module details 6 9. Context Details 29 10. Data flow diagram Theory 29 11. Data flow diagram 32 12. ER diagram Theory 34 13.ER diagram 36 14. Introduction to .Net Framework 38 15. SQL Server 41 16. Communication Interfaces 44 17. Hardware Requirements 45 18. Soft ware Requirements 45 19. Security and Privacy 46 20. Bibliography 50

1] INTROUCTION

National Counselling Board (NCB) - External website that opens in a new window constituted by the Government coordinates admissions to UG degree programmes in Engineering in respect of select institutions. While the NCB - External website conducts online counselling for institutions participating in NEET (National Engineering Entrance Test) - External website that opens in a new window, viz. NITs and deemed universities, the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) admit students by conducting their own counselling. Online Counselling is an initiative that has been widely accepted and appreciated. Online counselling is done for diploma and lateral entry into Engineering courses also. With various universities providing free online counselling to students on admission to various professional courses such as B.E., B.Arch., B.Pharma., MBA, MCA, MBBS, BDS, B.Ed., etc., it has become a lot more easier for the students to choose their study centre and course on the basis of number of seats available, merit list etc. In the Online counseling held by NCB, all the students who have appeared in NEET can view their status through mock Counselling but for the final counseling they have to come online on the scheduled date and time and fill their final choices otherwise their choices in mock counseling will be locked as final choices. For final counselling it is mandatory to upload 10th, 12th mark sheets and birth certificate in addition to SC/ST/OBC/PH certificates if present.

2] Purpose

In this generation people interact with each other through internet. Chatting, email and also forums defines communication these days and it is used for socialization, business purposes and almost anything. The purpose of online counselling can be enumerated as follows: 1. To streamline the admission to professional and technical courses in the country; 2. To solve problems of overlaps and reduce physical, mental and financial burden on students and their parents due to multiplicity of entrance examinations; 3. Availability of results on the web; 4. To allow a candidate to exercise choices for a branch and institutions several times during off-campus online counselling; 5. Online display of vacancy and allotted position to enable more transparency in the admission process; 6. Allotment of institution and branch as per the merit of the candidates.

3] Scope
Dreams, aspirations and determination are the ingredients that make student days the most exciting stage of one's life. And in the present times of cut-throat competition, the

one thing that every student dreams of is - to get enrolled for a professional course of her/his choice at a premier institution in the country. In the days gone by, long queues for admissions, incomplete information and travel costs were huge pain points on way to charting an ideal career path. But today, the Indian education system has taken a digital leap with the help of the effective use of the Internet. The availability of downloadable forms, online gateways to pay admission fees and submit forms, have helped the students to concentrate on the most important task at hand - studying for the exams, thereby reducing physical, mental and financial burden on them and their parents. The introduction of centralized online counselling is also one of the most significant steps taken by the Indian Government towards making things easier for the student community.

4] References
With References to: 1. www.ccb.nic.in 2. http://wikipedia/wiki/onlinecounselling

3. www.nitrr.ac.in

5] Assumptions
1. All the students who have registered themselves may participate in Mock but only those students whose ranks fall under the range generated by the administrator are eligible for main counseling. 2. All the decisions are subjected to jurisdiction given by the National Counselling Board. 3. The candidates can change, reorder, delete, and add new choices as many times as required before locking their choices.

4. Confidentiality of Password is the sole responsibility of the candidate and all care must be taken to protect its security.

6] Functional Requirements
Functional Requirement defines a function of a software system and how the system must behave when presented with specific inputs or conditions. These may include calculations, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality. Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality that define what a system is supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describing all the cases where the system uses the functional requirements are captured in use cases. Functional requirements are

supported by non-functional requirements (also known as quality requirements), which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance requirements, security, or reliability). How a system implements functional requirements is detailed in the system design. Functional requirements specify particular results of a system. This should be contrasted with non-functional requirements which specify overall characteristics such as cost and reliability. Functional requirements drive the application architecture of a system, while nonfunctional requirements drive the technical architecture of a system. Typically, a requirements analyst generates use cases after gathering and validating a set of functional requirements. Each use case illustrates behavioral scenarios through one or more functional requirements

7] Data Requirement
Every software consists of a database at the back end where all the information and data are permanently stored in the tables. Tables are divided into two categories: Master tables: Master tables: These are the tables that contain 1. In this software following master tables are used: College Branch Register SeatsInfo

2. Transaction tables The right to modify this table is given only to the high authorities. Transaction tables: These tables are those tables which receive data from master table. These tables store the transaction data. Following transaction tables are used in the software: ChoiceFilling AllotedSeats Documents Register MockChoiceFilling

8] Modules Present in Online Counselling

1. Unlogged module 2. Student module 3. Administrator module Unlogged Module: This module contains forms which are displayed when the student has not login. Student Module: This module contains forms which are displayed when the student has login. Administrator Module: This module contains forms related to the tasks of the administrator.

Forms related to Unlogged module: 1. Home Page: This page displays the salient features of online counseling. It contains links to different pages.

2. Procedure Page: This page displays the procedure of Online Counselling. 3. Schedule Page: This page displays the date and time of Online Counselling. 4. CollegeInfo Page: This page displays the details such as email id, phone no., fax, mailing address of different colleges participating in counseling. 5. SeatsInfo Page: This page displays the details related to the number of seats of different branches in different colleges. 6. OpeningClosingRank Page: This page shows the opening and closing ranks of different branches in different colleges as per the counseling of previous year.

7. ContactUs Page: This page shows the details like mailing address, phone no., fax, website of National Counselling Board. 8. Login Page: In this page the student gives his UserName and Password. If they match then the control is directed to Registration_1 page.

9. Registration_1 Page: In this page the student gives his details such as roll number, application number, date of birth and name. If these details match then the control is directed to Registration_2 page.

10. Registration_2 Page: In this page the student gives other details related to him for registration. After submitting this page the control is directed to Registration_3 page.

11. Registration_3 Page: In this Page the student gives his further details which complete his registration.

Forms Related to Student Module: 1. CandidateHome Page: This page shows the details of Student after registration. 2. RegistrationDetails Page: In this page the student can view his registration details.

3. MockCounselling Page: In this page the student can fill his choices for mock counseling. 4. Status Page: This page shows the status of student in mock counselling. 5. Documents Page: In this page the student uploads his documents such as mark sheets and category certificates.

6. OptionFilling Page: If the documents uploaded are correct then the control is directed to this page and the student fills his final choices for main counselling. If the documents are not correct then the control is directed to documents page.

Forms related to Administrator Module: 1. AdminCollege Page: In this page the Administrator can add new colleges for counseling.

2. AdminBranch Page: In this page the Administrator can add new branches for counseling.

3. AddSeats Page: In this page the administrator can alter the no. of seats of different branches of any college. 4. Allotment_1 Page: In this Page the administrator will start the counselling sof particular batch. On clicking the button on this page it will be redirected to Allotment_2 page.

5. Allotment_2 Page: This Page confirms if the student wants to start counseling. If yes, then the control is directed to AllottedStudentsLists page.

9] Context Details
In this project we are providing two user rights: Administrator Student Administrator: Administrator is the highest authority and has access to all the forms including all master forms. Student: Student has all authority related to his work. This includes adding student information, his details etc.

10] Data Flow Diagram Theory

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed. The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be described logically and independently of physical components associated with the system. These are known as the logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement of data between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two familiar notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of DFDS is done in several levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It consists of a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The process in the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level DFD. The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that Understanding at one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand the process. Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing System requirements in a graphical from, this lead to the modular design. A DFD is also known as a bubble Chart has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in system design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by data flows in the system. DFD SYMBOLS: In the DFD, there are four symbols 1. A square defines a source (originator) or destination of system data. 2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows. 3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing data flows. 4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data. CONSTRUCTING A DFD: Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFDS: 1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be representative of the process.

2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally flow from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One way to indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD, it is marked with a short diagonal. 3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered. 4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitalized. A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Missing interfaces redundancies and like is then accounted for often through interviews. SAILENT FEATURES OF DFDS 1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled considerations do not appear on a DFD. 2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly. 3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD. RULES GOVERNING THE DFDS PROCESS 1) No process can have only outputs. 2) No process can have only inputs. If an object has only, inputs than it must be a sink. 3) A process has a verb phrase label. DATA STORE 1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a process must move data. 2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process, which receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data store 3) A data store has a noun phrase label. SOURCE OR SINK The origin and /or destination of data. 1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a process 2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land

DATA FLOW

1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The latter is usually indicated however by two separate arrows since these happen at different type. 2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different processes data store or sink to a common location. 3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be at least one other process that handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the original data into the beginning process. 4) A Data flow to a data store means update (delete or change). 5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use. A data flow has a noun phrase label more than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

11] DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 0-LEVEL DFD

Other
1-LEVEL DFD

2-

LEVEL DFD

12] ER Diagrams Theory

Definition: An entity-relationship (ER) diagram is a specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database. ER diagrams often use symbols to represent three different types of information. Boxes are commonly used to represent entities. Diamonds are normally used to represent relationships and ovals are used to represent attribute. Also called an entity-relationship model, ER diagram is a graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or information systems. An entity is a piece of dataan object or concept about which data is stored. A relationship is how the data is shared between entities. There are three types of relationships between entities: One-to-one: one instance of an entity (A) is associated with one other instance of another entity (B). For example, in a database of employees, each employee name (A) is associated with only one social security number (B). One-to-many: one instance of an entity (A) is associated with zero, one or many instances of another entity (B), but for one instance of entity B there is only one instance of entity A. For example, for a company with all employees working in one building, the building name (A) is associated with many different employees (B), but those employees all share the same singular association with entity A. Many-to-many: one instance of an entity (A) is associated with one, zero or many instances of another entity (B), and one instance of entity B is associated with one, zero or many instances of entity A. For example, for a company in which all of its employees work on multiple projects, each instance of an employee (A) is associated with many instances of a project (B), and at the same time, each instance of a project (B) has multiple employees (A) associated with it. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a snapshot of data structures. ERDs show entities in a database and relationships between tables within that database. It is essential to have one of these if you want to create a good database design. The patterns help focus on how the database actually works with all of the interactions and data flows, although another useful tool is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) which more directly describes this.

Entity Relation Model

Entity Relation Model (ERM) is used to create a data model of a system and its requirements in a top-down approach. This is frequently the approach utilized in database design. The diagrams which emerge from this methodology are called ER diagrams. Structured data is represented by an Entity Relationship Model (ERM). EntityRelationship Modeling is the model-generating process. The end-product of the modeling process is an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) or ER diagram, a type of Conceptual Data Model or Semantic Data Model. Important concepts in Entity Relation Model An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. For instance, Larry Beach with S.S.N. 890-12-3456 is an entity, as he can be uniquely identified as one particular person in the universe. An entity set is a set of entities of the same type (e.g., all persons having an account at a bank). An entity set that does not possess sufficient attributes to form a primary key is called a weak entity set. One that does have a primary key is called a strong entity set. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a snapshot of data structures. ERDs show entities in a database and relationships between tables within that database. It is essential to have one of these if you want to create a good database design. The patterns help focus on how the database actually works with all of the interactions and data flows, although another useful tool is a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) which more directly describes this. Entity Relation Model Entity Relation Model (ERM) is used to create a data model of a system and its requirements in a top-down approach. This is frequently the approach utilized in database design. The diagrams which emerge from this methodology are called ER diagrams. Structured data is represented by an Entity Relationship Model (ERM). EntityRelationship Modeling is the model-generating process. The end-product of the modeling process is an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) or ER diagram, a type of Conceptual Data Model or Semantic Data Model. Important concepts in Entity Relation Model An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. For instance, Larry Beach with S.S.N. 890-12-3456 is an entity, as he can be uniquely identified as one particular person in the universe. An entity set is a set of entities of the same type (e.g., all persons having an account at a bank). An entity set that does not possess sufficient attributes to form a primary key is called a weak entity set. One that does have a primary key is called a strong entity set. An entity is represented by a set of attributes. E.g. name, S.S.N., street, city for customer entity. The domain of the attribute is the set of permitted values (e.g. the telephone number must be seven positive integers).

 Formally, an attribute is a function which maps an entity set into a domain. Every entity is described by a set of (attribute, data value) pairs. There is one pair for each attribute of the entity set. E.g. a particular customer entity is described by the set {(name, Harris), (S.S.N., 890-123-456), (street, North), (city, Georgetown)}. A relationship is an association between several entities. A relationship set is a set of relationships of the same type. Keys A super key is a set of one or more attributes which; taken collectively, allow us to identify uniquely an entity in the entity set. A super key may contain extraneous attributes, and we are often interested in the smallest super key. A super key for which no subset is a super key is called a candidate key. A primary key is a candidate key (there may be more than one) chosen by the DB designer to identify entities in an entity set. How to Make Entity Relationship Diagram An E-R diagram expresses the overall logical structure of a database graphically. 1.) Use rectangles representing entity sets. 2.) Use ellipses representing attributes 3.) Use ellipses representing attributes 4.) Use diamonds representing relationship sets. 5.) Use lines linking attributes to entity sets and entity sets to Relationships.

13] ER DIAGRAM

14] Introduction to .NET Framework

The Microsoft .NET Framework is a software framework that can be installed on computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems. It includes a large library of coded solutions to common programming problems and a virtual machine that manages the execution of programs written specifically for the framework. The .NET Framework is a key Microsoft offering and is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. The framework's Base Class Library provides a large range of features including user interface, data and data access, database connectivity, cryptography, web application development, numeric algorithms, and network communications. The class library is used by programmers, who combine it with their own code to produce applications. Programs written for the .NET Framework execute in a software environment that manages the program's runtime requirements. Also part of the .NET Framework, this runtime environment is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides the appearance of an application virtual machine so that programmers need not consider the capabilities of the specific CPU that will execute the program. The CLR also provides other important services such as security, memory management, and exception handling. The class library and the CLR together constitute the .NET Framework. Version 3.0 of the .NET Framework is included with Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. The current version of the framework can also be installed on Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family of operating systems. [2] A reduced version of the .NET Framework is also available on Windows Mobile platforms, including smart phones as the .NET Compact Framework. Version 4.0 of the framework was released as a public Beta on 20 May 2009. The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives: To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed remotely. To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and versioning conflicts. To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of code, Including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party. To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of Scripted or interpreted environments. To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications. To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code. Principal design features

Interoperability Because interaction between new and older applications is commonly required, the .NET Framework provides means to access functionality that is implemented in programs that execute outside the .NET environment. Access to COM components is provided in the System, Runtime. InteropServices and System. Enterprise Services namespaces of the framework; access to other functionality is provided using the P/Invoke feature. Common Runtime Engine The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of the .NET framework. All .NET programs execute under the supervision of the CLR, guaranteeing certain properties and behaviors in the areas of memory management, security, and exception handling. Language Independence The .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System, or CTS. The CTS specification defines all possible data types and programming constructs supported by the CLR and how they may or may not interact with each other. Because of this feature, the .NET Framework supports the exchange of instances of types between programs written in any of the .NET languages. This is discussed in more detail in Microsoft .NET Languages. Base Class Library The Base Class Library (BCL), part of the Framework Class Library (FCL), is a library of functionality available to all languages using the .NET Framework. The BCL provides classes which encapsulate a number of common functions, including file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction and XML document manipulation. Simplified Deployment The .NET framework includes design features and tools that help manage the installation of computer software to ensure that it does not interfere with previously installed software, and that it conforms to security requirements. Security The design is meant to address some of the vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, that have been exploited by malicious software. Additionally, .NET provides a common security model for all applications. Portability The design of the .NET Framework allows it to theoretically be platform agnostic, and thus cross-platform compatible. That is, a program written to use the framework should run without change on any type of system for which the framework is implemented.

Microsoft's commercial implementations of the framework cover Windows, Windows CE, and the Xbox 360. [4] In addition, Microsoft submits the specifications for the Common Language Infrastructure (which includes the core class libraries, Common Type System, and the Common Intermediate Language), [5] [6] [7] the C# language, [8] and the C+ +/CLI language[9] to both ECMA and the ISO, making them available as open standards. This makes it possible for third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and its languages on other platforms. Features of Common Language Runtime

15] SQL Server

SQL Server is an incredible database management system (dbms). It offers an excellent mix of performance, reliability, ease of administration, and new Architectural options, yet enables the developer or DBA to control minute details when desired. SQL Server is a dream system for a database developer. If theres a theme to SQL Server 2005, its

new architectural optionsSQL Server 2005 opens several new possibilities for designing more scalable and powerful systems. A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase, paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create, update and extract information from their database. A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of people, things and events. SQL Server stores each data item in its own fields. In SQL Server, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a single complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as raw or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name. During an SQL Server Database design project, the analysis of your business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you define any additional fields or change the definition of existing fields. SQL SERVER TABLES SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables are created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped together to form a database. PRIMARY KEY Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database. RELATIONAL DATABASE Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be stored in one table. SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL Server a relational database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define relationships between the tables and enables you to define relationships between the tables. FOREIGN KEY When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match those of the primary key of another table.

REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY Not only does SQL Server allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains consistency between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential integrity. DATA ABSTRACTION A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. Data abstraction is divided into three levels. Physical level: This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data are actually stored. Conceptual Level: At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them. View level: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the database.

ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS Redundancy can be avoided Inconsistency can be eliminated Data can be shared Standards can be enforced Security restrictions can be applied Integrity can be maintained Conflicting requirements can be balanced Data independence can be achieved.

DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be adequately backed up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered. FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS) SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management systems (DBMS) because it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of todays most demanding information systems. From complex decision support systems (DSS) to the

most rigorous online transaction processing (OLTP) application, even application that require simultaneous DSS and OLTP access to the same critical data, SQL Server leads the industry in both performance and capability SQL SERVER is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that delivers unmatched performance, continuous operation and support for every database. SQL SERVER RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS which is specially designed for online transactions processing and for handling large database application. SQL SERVER with transactions processing option offers two features which contribute to very high level of transaction processing throughput, which are the row level lock manager. ENTERPRISE WIDE DATA SHARING The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL SERVER DBMS Enables all the systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated computing resource. PORTABILITY SQL SERVER is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and Operating systems platforms, including UNIX, MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and dozens of proprietary platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to choose the database server platform that meets the system requirements. OPEN SYSTEMS SQL SERVER offers a leading implementation of industry standard SQL. SQL Servers open architecture integrates SQL SERVER and non SQL SERVER DBMS with industrys most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party software products SQL Servers Open architecture provides transparent access to data from other relational database and even non-relational database. DISTRIBUTED DATA SHARING SQL Servers networking and distributed database capabilities to access data stored on remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored on a single local computer. A single SQL statement can access data at multiple sites. You can store data where system requirements such as performance, security or availability dictate. UNMATCHED PERFORMANCE The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the SQL SERVER DBMS to deliver unmatched performance. SOPHISTICATED CONCURRENCY CONTROL

Real World applications demand access to critical data. With most Database Systems application becomes contention bound which performance is limited not by the CPU power or by disk I/O, but user waiting on one another for data access? SQL Server employs full, unrestricted row-level locking and contention free queries to minimize and in many cases entirely eliminates contention wait times. NO I/O BOTTLENECKS SQL Servers fast commit groups commit and deferred write technologies dramatically reduce disk I/O bottlenecks. While some database write whole data block to disk at commit time, SQL Server commits transactions with at most sequential log file on disk at commit time, On high throughput systems, one sequential writes typically group commit multiple transactions. Data read by the transaction remains as shared memory so that other transactions may access that data without reading it again from disk. Since fast commits write all data necessary to the recovery to the log file, modified blocks are written back to the database independently of the transaction commit, when written from memory to disk.

16] Communication Interfaces

Local-area network A computer network that spans a relatively small area is called LAN. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves. A system of LANs connected in this way is called a wide-area network (WAN). Most LANs connect workstations and personal computers. Each node (individual computer) in a LAN has its own CPU with which it executes programs, but it also is able to access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many users can share

expensive devices, such as laser printers, as well as data. Users can also use the LAN to communicate with each other, by sending email or engaging in chat sessions. There are many different types of LANs Ethernets being the most common for PCs. Most Apple Macintosh networks are based on Apple's AppleTalk network system, which is built into Macintosh computers. The following characteristics differentiate one LAN from another: Topology: The geometric arrangement of devices on the network. For example, devices can be arranged in a ring or in a straight line. Protocols: The rules and encoding specifications for sending data. The protocols also determine whether the network uses a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture. Media: Devices can be connected by twisted-pair wire, coaxial cables, or fiber optic cables. Some networks do without connecting media altogether, communicating instead via radio waves.

17] Hardware Requirements

Intel Pentium IV - 2 GHz or higher/any other compatible processor 1 GB RAM or higher Minimum 40 GB HDD space.

18] Software Requirements

Software Requirement Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista Dot Net Framework 3.5 or higher. Microsoft Word 2000 or Acrobat Reader 7.0 RDBMS (SQL Server 2005)

19] Security and privacy

Information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction. The terms information security, computer security and information assurance are frequently incorrectly used interchangeably. These fields are interrelated often and share the common goals of protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Physical Security A procedure for protecting a system in which we make sure that our system is physically secure and it also provides a recovery capability. It should have access to backup files. The threats related to physical security are fire, flood, and external attacks. Operating System Level Security

For security at the operating system level it is necessary that the operating system which is used should provide proper authorization mechanisms such as creation of users with password setting. This project can support any windows 2000, XP, VISTA and any version of Linux operating system and we ensure that the operating system which does not provide unauthorized person login should be in use. Database Security Security is a major concern for the modern age systems/network/database administrators. It is natural for an administrator to worry about hackers and external attacks while implementing security. But there is more to it. It is essential to first implement security within the organization, to make sure right people have access to the right data. Without these security measures in place, you might find someone destroying your valuable data, or selling your company's secrets to your competitors or someone invading the privacy of others. Primarily a security plan must identify which users in the organization can see which data and perform which activities in the database. Logins SQL Server will create some Logins automatically on installation (such as. SA), but most are subsequently created by the System administrator. A login ID is necessary for access to a database but not sufficient. It has to be granted access to the various resources on the server (Server instance in SQL Server 2005). It holds information that is relevant across databases, such as the user's default language. Before someone with a Login ID (Except for the SA) can access a database he requires a username or role within the database, and that username/role must be granted statement permissions and Object permissions. This, traditionally, could only be granted or revoked by the SA or DBO (Database owner). In later versions of SQL Server, this can be done by anyone with the appropriate 'fixed server role; thereby allowing SA rights to be given to domain, or local, Groups of users. One can therefore create logins using either domain or local users, and one can also create logins with Domain or local groups. You can also create logins with UserID/Password combinations for users who are not part of the Windows network. Any of these can be assigned all or some of the administration rights. On installation there will be: A local administrators Group A Local Administrator account An SA Login A Guest Login The first three will have the SysAdmin role by default. The Guest login inherits the permissions of the ' Public' database role, and is used only where a login exists but has no access explicitly granted to the database. If you removed 'guest' from the master database, only the sa user could then log in to SQL Server! When users log in to SQL Server, they have access to the master database as the guest user.

During a new connection request, SQL Server verifies the login name supplied, to make sure, that login is authorized to access SQL Server. This verification is called Authentication. SQL Server supports two Authentication modes: Windows authentication mode: With Windows authentication, you do not have to specify a login name and password, to connect to SQL Server. Instead, your access to SQL Server is controlled by your Windows NT/2000 account (or the group to which your account belongs to), that you used to login to the Windows operating system on the client computer/workstation. A DBA must first specify to SQL Server, all the Microsoft Windows NT/2000 accounts or groups that can connect to SQL Server Mixed mode: Mixed mode allows users to connect using Windows authentication or SQL Server authentication. Your DBA must first create valid SQL Server login accounts and passwords. These are not related to your Microsoft Windows NT/2000 accounts. With this authentication mode, you must supply the SQL Server login and password when you connect to SQL Server. If you do not specify SQL Server login name and password, or request Windows Authentication, you will be authenticated using Windows Authentication.

20] Bibliography
FOR .NET INSTALLATION www.support.mircosoft.com FOR DEPLOYMENT AND PACKING ON SERVER www.developer.com www.15seconds.com FOR SQL www.msdn.microsoft.com For vb.net Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform by Andrew Troelsen www.msdn.microsoft.com www.webopedia.com www.vb.net

www.grimes.demon.co.uk/training/introtovbdotnet.htm www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET www.vbfree.com