4/5/2010

GoalsofAndroid Introductionto Android

CSE591 Spring2010 Afree,opensourceplatformthatanyphone manufacturercanbuildfor,withan applicationstorethat'shardlyrestrictedatall

DanielRoth,Google'sOpenSourceAndroidOSWillFreetheWirelessWeb WiredMagazine,July2009.

AndroidHistory
Android1.5(Cupcake)
supportforsoft(onscreen)keyboards videorecording applicationwidgets morethan1,000changestoAPI

SystemArchitecture

Android1.6(Donut)
high andlowdensitydisplays anumberofminorchanges

Android2.0(Eclair)
multitouch virtualkeys centralizedaccountmanagement synchronizationAPIs Docking HTML5,andmore

http://media.techeblog.com

Android2.1(EclairMaintenanceRelease1) addedsupportforlivewallpapers,
moreHTML5support otherminorimprovement Homescreenenhancements livewallpapersandwidgets

Android2.1(EclairMaintenanceRelease1)
livewallpapers moreHTML5support otherminorimprovements

NextGeneration FroYo Then Gingerbread

SystemArchitecture

SystemArchitecture

Hardwareabstractionlayer
Security Memorymanagement Processmanagement Networkstack Drivermodel
CorC++ Compiled for particular architecture Compiledforparticulararchitecture

SurfaceManager
Noscreenbuffer offscreenbitmaps(combinedwithotherbitmaps)

2Dand3Dgraphics MediaCodecs
AAC,AVC,H.263,MP3,MPEG4

YouwillnevermakeLinuxcallsdirectly Canusesomeutils(adbshell)toexamine
Filesystem,viewactiveprocesses

SQLDatabase(Firefox/iPhone) BrowserEngine(Crome,Safari,iPhone,NokiaS60)

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SystemArchitecture

SystemArchitecture

Dalvik VirtualMachine
GooglesimplementationofJava OptimizedforMobiledevices

Buildingblocksforcreatingapplications PreinstalledinAndroid Activitymanager Activity manager

Controlsapplicationlifecycle,backstack

Contentproviders
Encapsulatesanydatatosharebetweenapplications(contacts)

Runs.dex files
Morecompactandefficientthan.classfiles
Memoryandpowerconcerns

Resourcemanager
Partsofprogramthatarenotcode(soundbites,video,images) Androidalwaysknowwhereitis.. Events,messages,appointments,anyalerts

Locationmanager Notificationmanager

CoreJavalibrariesaredifferentfromJavaSE andJavaME

SystemArchitecture
Apps
Programswhichtakeoverthe entirescreen

OutoftheBox..
PhoneDialer Email Contacts WebBrowser AndroidMarket
DLanyprograms

Widgets(Gadgets)
Operateinasmallrectangle ofHomescreen

All apps h have same playing fi ld l i field System apps have to use same public API as you. You can replace these applications with your own if you want. Full Customization!!!

CurrentIssues
VersionFragmentation
Currently4versionsrunningonphones(1.5,1.6, 2.0,and2.1) Manufacturers'haven tbeentimelyinpushing Manufacturers havent been timely in pushing updates DetachAndroid'sstandardapplications& componentsfromcore&makethem downloadableandupdatablethroughtheMarket
(http://www.engadget.com/2010/03/29/exclusiveandroidfroyototakeaseriousshotatstemmingplat/)

ApplicationFundamentals
Javaprogrammed
.apkAndroidpackagearchivefile Bundledbyaapttool Includesanydataandresources Allcodeinasingle.apkfileisconsideredtobean application

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ApplicationFundamentals
Anelementof1appcanbeusedbyotherapp(OOP)
Noinclusion,linkingetc Juststartspieceofotherappwhenneeded

AndroidApplication AndroidApplication OwnWorld

AppsrunasLinuxprocess
Eachprocessapplica on Processstartedwhenexecutionneeded Process stopped when done/system resources Processstoppedwhendone/systemresources needed

Nomain()
Multipleentrypointstoaprogram Appconsistsofessentialcomponentswhichsysteminstantiatesand runasneeded

EachprocesshasitsownVM
Coderunsisolatedfromotherapps

AndroidApplication OwnWorld AndroidApplication

UniqueLinuxuserID
Filesareonlyvisibletothat user But But..
Canmake2appshavesame ID AppswithsameIDcanrunin sameLinuxprocess,sharing sameVM

ApplicationComponents
Activities
Auserinterfacescreenfora singletask Ex: list of menu items photos Ex:listofmenuitems,photos withcaptions,listofcontacts Eachactivityisindependent, thoughformsingleapp
Activities Services

Activities

Services

Intents

Content Providers

Intents

Content Providers

ApplicationComponents
Services
NoUI Runsinbackground,Unixdaemon Ex: music network data retrieval Ex:music,networkdataretrieval Runinmainthreadofprocess,but
Spawnownthreadfortime consumingtasks
Activities Services

ApplicationComponents
Broadcastreceivers/Intents
Receiveandbroadcast announcements Ex:batterylow,picturetaken, timezone change Appshavereceiverstorespondto anyannouncements NoUI,butcanstartactivityor notification Notifications:backlight,vibrate, sound,etc

Activities

Services

Intents

Content Providers

Intents

Content Providers

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ApplicationComponents
ContentProviders
Meanstoshareinfo/databetween apps Lists specific set of data available Listsspecificsetofdataavailable tootherapps ContentProvider& ContentResolver
Activities Services

Applications
Anapplicationcanbealiveevenifits processhasbeenkilled. ActivityLifecycleISNOTtiedtoprocess lifecycle. lifecycle Processesaredisposablecontainers

Intents

Content Providers

ActivityLifecycle
Eachactivitycanbeinoneofseveralstates
Active/running
Foreground,toptask,userfocus

ActivityLifecycle

Paused
L f Lostfocus,butstillvisible b ill i ibl IEanotheractivityliesontopofit(transparent,notfull screen) Canbekilledifneedresources

Stopped
Completelyhiddenbyanotheractivity Canbekilledifneedresources

DesignbyDeclaration
UItypicallydefinedprocedural code Declarativedesign(HTML) nocode Androidusesablendofboth
Eitherapproach(JavaorXML) GooglesaysusedeclarativeXMLasmuchas possible
Shorter Easiertounderstand Lesslikelytochangeinfutureversions

WhyXML?
IsntXMLbulky/inefficient?
XMLisverbose,humanreadable Doesntworkwithlimitedmemoryandcpu

A d id Androidcompiler,aapt il t
CompressesXMLintobinaryformat Binaryformatisstoredondevice

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SafeandSecure
H/Wprohibitsmemorysharing UserIDpreventsappsreading/writingotherapps files p Accesstocriticaloperationsarerestricted
Mustaskpermissiontousethem Oninstallation,certificates/userprompts
Internet Read/Writecontacts ReceiveSMS Location(GPSandTower)
Android-Manifest.xml

AndroidonPC
Androidx86
http://www.androidx86.org/

LiveAndroid
http://code.google.com/p/liveandroid/

ForThursdaysLecture:
DLandinstallSunJDKSE6.0 DLandinstallEclipse3.3.1+
NotEclipseSDKclassic,butEclipseIDEforJava Developers

DLandinstallAndroidSDK d ll d d RunSDKsetupprogram
Easiesttoacceptallpackages,butyoucanpickand choose

DLandinstallEclipsePlugin:Android DevelopmentToolkit(ADT)