Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
7 tomad
tomi I
Tbilisi 2019
UDC(uak)328(479.22)+94(479.22)
s-323
7
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg marqsizm-leninizmis institutic
istorias Cabarda, xolo misi biblioTekis nawili _ erovnuli bib
lioTekis sabiblioTeko resursebis departamentis direqtoris, le
van TaqTaqiSvilis ZalisxmeviT _ saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnul
biblioTekaSi aRmoCnda. maT Soris iyo saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli
krebis sxdomis stenografiuli angariSebic. dRes is erovnuli bib
lioTekis fondebSia daculi. saqarTvelos parlamentis arqivis
ufross, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors, baton irakli iakobaSvils,
romelTanac erovnul biblioTekas mravalmxriv saintereso Tanam
Sromloba akavSirebs, saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis damfuZnebe
li krebis sxdomis oqmebis _ stenografiuli angariSebis _ gamocemis
idea gauCnda, rasac erovnuli biblioTekis mecnierebis, kulturisa
da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departamentma mxari dauWira. gamocemis
momzadebaze momuSave erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromlebisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT sasiamovno aRmoCnda erT-erTi stenografiuli an
gariSi, sadac damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi biblioTekis TanamSrom
lebis Sromis anazRaurebaze msjelobdnen. aq moviyvanT stenografu
li angariSis am nawils:
„Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis dam. kr. wevrs Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. biblioTekis gamgisTvis 950 maneTi Zalian cota
aris. dRevandel pirobebSi aseTi TanxiT cxovreba yovlad SeuZlebe
lia. miT umetes, rom biblioTekis gamges eqneba Zalian didi Sroma.
katalogebi unda Seadginos, wignebi unda daalagos sxva da sxva naw
ilebis mixedviT.
amisTvis winadadeba Semomaqvs, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces
1000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, kenWs uyri Sesworebas social-demokra
tiul fraqciisas, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces 1000 man. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
oniaSvili kiTxulobs: biblioTekis gamgis TanaSemwe 1-750 _ Tviurad.
jami Seicvleba aq miRebul cvlilebebis mixedviT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlad Statisa? aravin. miRe
bulia“.
(ix. saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba, VI sxdoma, 29 marti, 1919 weli)
gamomcemlebma gadavwyviteT ar Segvecvala sxdomis oqmebis or
Tografia da punqtuacia. amiT gvsurda, davxmarebodiT qarTuli
enis mkvlevrebs, enaTmecnierebs, romlebic qarTuli enis erovnul
korpusze muSaoben da romelTaTvisac mniSvnelovania qarTuli enis
istoriuli ganviTarebis etapebis Seswavla. am gamocemiT isini kvle
visTvis mza masalas miiReben.
damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocema momavalSic gagr
Zeldeba. 2020 wels dagegmilia erovnul arqivSi daculi damfuZnebe
li krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocema.
8
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocemaze
muSaobdnen erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromlebi: mzia xositaSvi
li, xaTuna daviTuri, Salva papalaSvili, nano omanaZe, ekaterine Wel
iZe, neli giorgaZe, marina alania, neli nadiraZe, neli kacitaZe, naTia
xotenaSvili. TiToeulma maTganma didi Sroma gaswia. gansakuTrebu
lad unda aRiniSnos mzia xositaSvilis wvlili gamocemis momzadeba
Si. man pirTa saZiebels ganmartebebi daurTo. aseve gvsurs madloba
gadavuxadoT erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromels, maia Sonias, ro
melmac yuradRebiT waikiTxa gamocemisTvis windarTuli teqstebi.
emzar jgerenaia
9
10
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebeli kreba
11
saflavze axal, mtkice saZirkvelis dafuZneba. da ai aqedan warmodge
ba Cveni meore ideali: srul-uflebiani damfuZnebeli yriloba _ es
gvirgvini revoliuciisa, mis monapovarTa ganmtkicebisa.
mTeli 9 Tve atara ruseTis demokratiam idea am yrilobisa, bo
los didi vaivaglaxiT da tanjviT warmoSva man [sruliad ruseTis
damfuZnebeli] yriloba. magram, aqve gamoaSkaravda sisuste [ruse
Tis] am demokratiisa. man ver SesZlo misi movla patronoba, da ai erT
cxovelisa ar iyos _ dabadebisTanave STanTqa mSobelma Tavis Sobi
li: [1917 wlis] oqtombris gadatrialebam gadauSva anarqiis morevSi
didi gemi didi revoliuciisa~.
1919 wels, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis 12 marts dawyeba
Cveneba iyo, rom, mxolod demokratiulma saqarTvelom itvirTa gan
xorcieleba Tebervlis revoliuciis monapovrisa, mxolod demokra
tiul saqarTvelos sazogadoebam, „erTad-erTma, ar dahkarga gone
ba, ar mieca sasowarkveTilebas _ am saerTo gancdis dros. mxolod
am demokratiam gadaarCina Cveni patara navi, mware xvedrs, didi
revoliuciis, didi gemisa, romelzedac mTeli 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mikruli iyo magari jaWviT. mxoloT man erTma aacila es navi aTasgvar
dabrkolebas da kldeebs, anarqiis uZiro zRvaSi amozidulT da moiy
vana aq, am samSvidoboSi, am diad am Zvirfas ganZiT, saqarTvelos dam
fuZnebeli krebiT~.2
1919 wlis 12 marts, saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam daadas
tura 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos mier gamocxa
debuli saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da xeli moawera „saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis aqts~, 12 marti ki saqarTvelos demokratiul res
publikaSi sadResaswaulo, uqme dRed gamocxadda.3
***
damfuZnebel krebaSi (1919-1921 w.w.) sxvadasxva dros arCeulni
iyvnen 7 politikuri partiis, 9 erovnuli umciresobis warmomadgene
li, sul 145 deputati _ maT Soris 5 qali. damfuZnebelma krebam Sei
muSava da oficialurad miiRo 400-mde kanoni.4
dauRalav sakanonmdeblo saqmianobasTan erTad saqarTvelos
damfuZnebelma krebam saWirod miiCnia mis mier gaweuli saqmiano
bis Sesaxeb informaciis qveynis mTels teritoriaze gavrceleba. am
12
mizniT Seiqmna sagangebo `sapropagando komisia~, romlis mTavari
mizani saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo mSene
blobis sakiTxebis rigiTi moqalaqisaTvis gasagebi eniTa da formiT
wardgena iyo. damfuZnebelma krebam daaarsa sakuTari stamba, sadac
daigegma or aTeulamde amgvar gamocemaTa damzadeba. 1919-1921 wleb
Si mxolod 7 wignis dabeWdva da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi
gavrceleba moxerxda. esenia: `mahmadiani qarTvelebi~, `Cveni damou
kidebloba~, `risTvis da rogor SeuerTda saqarTvelo ruseTs~, `ro
gor cxovroben sabWoTa ruseTSi~, `bolSevizmi da demokratizmi~,
`saqarTvelos bunebrivi simdidre~ da `sxvadasxva qveynis saxelmwi
foebrivi weswyobileba~.
1921 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi damfuZnebeli krebis muSaoba
SeferxebiT mimdinareobda, mkveTrad Semcirda plenaruli sxdomebis
raodenobac. sabWoTa wiTel armiasTan saomari moqmedebebis dawyebis
gamo sakanonmdeblo saqmianobam plenaruli sxdomebidan damfuZnebe
li krebis prezidiumSi gadainacvla. sakanonmdeblo muSaoba garTul
da imiTac, rom krebis aparatis TanamSromel mamakacTa didi umravle
soba gawevrianda sabWoTa wiTeli armiis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad
Sekrebil moxaliseTa razmSi. krebis muSaoba srul SeCerebas gadaar
Cina damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebam, romlis Tanaxmadac 7 Tanam
Sromels damfuZnebeli krebis gankargulebaSi darCena daevala.
***
1921 wlis Teberval-martSi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub
likis damxoba (iseve, rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis Zalado
brivi Sewyveta) Cvenma sagareo faqtorebma, upirvelesad ki saqar
Tvelos bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiam ganapiroba.
„saqarTvelom, rogorc damoukidebelma respublikam, iarseba
sul ori weli da aTi Tve _ es is vadaa, romlis ganmavlobaSi saparla
mento qveynebi xSirad erTi mniSvnelovani kanonis miRebas da cxovre
baSi gatarebas undebian xolme!5 (...)
saqarTvelo dabyrobili iqna swored maSin, roca ukve Casaxuli
iyo misi ekonomiuraT gamagrebis saSualebani da roca igi Sevida
saerTaSoriso ojaxSi rogorc kanonieri da sruluflebiani wevri.6
(...) saqarTvelos ubedureba imaSi iyo, rom mas sxvebze ufro adre mo
staces damoukidebloba ise, rom man ver moaswro Tavis ekonomiur
SesaZleblobaTa savsebiT gaSla da gamoyeneba. sxvebma ufro met xans
iarsebes da amitom metic moaswres.~7 (...)
5. konstantine kandelaki. `saqarTvelos erovnuli meurneoba“, wigni II. „damoukidebeli
saqarTvelo: misi socialuri da ekonomiuri mdgomareoba“, parizi, 1960. gv. 211. saqar
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis finansTa ministris, konstantine kandelakis am naS
romis vrceli varianti Cvens mier gamzadebulia uaxloes xans gamosacemad.
6. iqve, gv. 212.
7. iqve, gv. 214.
13
is, rac saqarTvelom SesZlo da moaswro gaekeTebia mowmobs qarT
veli xalxis simwifesa da saqarTvelos ekonomiur SesaZleblobas Ta
vis _ Tavis patronobisTvis; sxvisi mowyalebis Semyure is nivTieraT
aras dros yofila da Tavis moTxovnilebebs igi martod _ marto, Ta
vis sakuTar resursebiT ikmayofilebda rogorc damoukideblobis ga
mocxadebis win, ise damoukidebel saxelmwifoT arsebobis periodSi.
saqarTvelos damoukideblaT arsebobis saSiSroebis Ziri sxvagan
iyo istoriulaT da iqve darCa: mis geografiul mdebareobaSi da misi
didi mezoblebis agresiuli ganwyobilebaSi.8
`rogoris warmodgenis ar unda viyoT Cven Cvenis Tavisuflebis
xanazed, rogoris kritikiT ar unda ganvixiloT yvelaferi, rasac
adgili hqonda am xanaSi, igi yovel SemTxvevaSi TvalsaCino adgils
daiWers saqarTvelos saerTo istoriaSi. Cven gvaxsovs marto nakli
da Secdomebi da dadebiT mxareebs ar veZebT da arc vixseniebT. jer
erTi, marto is rad Rirs, rom yvela qarTvel modgmis xalxebs: qar
Tlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi, megrelebi, afxazebi, gurulebi, aWar
lebi, svanebi da ingiloebi [1918-1921 wlebSi] mWidrod gaerTianebul
erad gamoviden msoflio asparezze. aseT gaerTianebas XIII saukunis
Semdeg adgili ar hqonia qarTul istoriaSi. (...) Cveni inteligenci
is da niWier moRvaweTa Tavganwirulma muSaobam XIX saukunis meore
naxevrisa Tavis mizans miaRwia, eri Seakowiwa, erovnuli meoba Seag
nebia da erToba daamyara.
araviTar separatiul ltolvas qarTvel tomTa Soris Cveni Ta
visuflebis dros adgili ara hqonia. (...) saqarTvelo iyo moTave ka
vkasiis erebis erT politikur organizmad Seqmnisa da amierkavkasiis
seimis mowyobisa da Tu am cdam nayofi ar moitana da gaerTianeba ar
moxda, amis mizezi Cveni mezoblebis politikurad moumzadebloba da
Seugnebloba iyo.
rodesac amier kavkasiaSi sami respublika daarsda, de facto samive
cnobili iyo, magram maTSi marto saqarTvelom SesZlo, rom antantas
is de jure _ Tac ecno. es ar RirsebiaT arc erTs Cvens mezoblebs.
saqarTvelos suverenoba ara Tu marto evropis saxelmwifoebma
icnes, icno agreTve ruseTmac da specialuri xelSekrulobiT sajar
oT aRiara misi suverenoba arsebuls sazRvrebSi. arc erTi sxva kavka
siis saxelmwifo ruseTs ar ucvnia damoukideblad. marTalia man Sem
deg veragulad Tavs dagvesxa da mospo Cveni Tavisufleba, magram igi
dResac ver bedavs Tqmas, rom `saqarTvelo ZaliT davibyario~, aramed
_ `TviT xalxma mogviwviao~. (...)
`Cveni Tavisufleba marTalia xanmokle iyo, magram amisgan droSic
bevri TvalsaCino saqmeebi gakeTda. Cvenma sazogadoebam daibruna
avtokefalia, SevsZeliT dagvearsebia qarTuli universiteti da je
rovnad mogvewyo masSi umaRlesi ganaTleba. daarsda auarebeli gim
14
naziebi da sxva skolebi da swavlis miRebis saqme mkvidr niadagze dam
yarda, daarsda senati da moewyo saxalxo sasamarTlo da sxva.
me aRar gavagrZeleb sxva TvalsaCino saqmeebis aRnusxvas, vityvi
mxolod, rom warmateba aSkara iyo da rom uxeS Zalas aneqsia ar mo
exdina, saqarTvelo dRes erTi samagaliTo patara saxelmwifo iqne
boda. Tu Cven ver gamoveciT Cveni damoukideblobis drois sabuTebi
da aqtebi, es Cven miutevebel danaSaulobad CagveTvleba da momavali
Taoba amas Cven ar gvapatiebs~.9
***
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arseboba 1921 wlis martSi Za
ladobrivad Sewyda saqarTveloSi SemoWrili bolSevikuri ruseTis
uxeSi Zalis mier. Sedegad, krebis deputatTa erTi nawili iZulebu
li gaxda ucxoeTSi gaxiznuliyo da politikuri emigraciis pirobeb
Si gaegrZelebina saqmianoba; saqarTveloSi Segnebulad darCenili
deputatebi mudmivi devna-Seviwroebis Tu fizikuri ganadgurebis
msxverplni gaxdnen; saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis arsebobis
mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis yvela,
_ 1919-21 wlebSi gamocemuli Tu saarqivo-dokumenti miuwvdomeli
gaxda rigiT moqalaqeTaTvis; saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis dam
saxurebani amoiSala qarTuli sazogadoebrivi mexsierebidan, aikrZa
la ara Tu damfuZnebeli krebis saqmianobis samecniero kvleva, _ misi
sazogadod xsenebac ki.
dRes ukve tabumoxsnili istoriuli dokumentebis gamosace
mad momzadebis saqmeSi Seufasebeli Rvawli miuZRvis saqarTvelos
erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromelTa jgufs mecnierebis, kultur
isa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departamentis direqtor emzar jger
enaias xelmZRvanelobiT. rom ara sami wlis ganmavlobaSi misi da misi
jgufis saqmisadmi amgvari kvalificiuri damokidebuleba, es gamoce
ma aseTi srulyofili saxiT ver Seiqmneboda.
didi madloba maT am saqmis warmatebiT dasrulebisTvis.
warmodgenili dokumentebis mravaltomeuli gamocema, darwmu
nebuli varT, did daxmarebas gauwevs miukerZoebel mkiTxvels saqa
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli umaRlesi sakanon
mdeblo organos, _ saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis naazrevisa da
saqmianobis SeswavlaSi.
15
***
emigraciaSi, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis legitimaciis
Sesaxeb msjelobisas, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma ilia nucubiZem ga
moTqva saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa saerTo mosazreba:
`aris ori ufleba _ revoliucionuri da formaluri.
pirvelia, _ roca xalxi revoliuciuri gziT auqmebs arsebul
reJims da qmnis axal konstitucias. daiwereba revoliuciuri
kanoni, romelic iqceva formalur normad.
meore _ formaluri ufleba _ dawerili konstitucia TviT
gaiTvaliswinebs TavisTvis gauqmebis wesebs da pirobebs.
mesame _ saokupacio ufleba ar arsebobs. Cveni konstitucia ki
okupantebma gaauqmes.
amitom Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba iuridiulad arsebobs.~
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebiT iwyeba saqar
Tvelos demokratiulad arCeul umaRles sakanonmdeblo organoTa
mowvevebis aTvla. amdenad, demokratiuli saqarTvelos damfuZnebe
li kreba (1919-1921) parlamentis pirvel mowvevadaa miCneuli. Sesa
bamisad, 2016-2020 wlebis mowvevis parlamenti aris „saqarTvelos re
spublikis mecxre mowvevis parlamenti~.
irakli iakobaSvili
saqarTvelos parlamentis arqivis gamge
dekemberi, 2018 weli
16
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
pirveli sxdoma
batonebo!
am dResac moveswari! Cems grZel cxovrebis miwurulSi bevri bed
nieri dRe gamTenebia, magram es yvelaze unetaresia.
Cemma xnovanobam wilaT marguna gaxsna am diadi, am ormagi dResas
waulisa.
batonebo, dido batonebo!
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! upirveles yovlisa, neba miboZeT mo
giZRvnaT Cemi gulwrfeli, gulis siRrmidan amoRebuli salami!
neba miboZeT mogilocoT es diadi dRe, dRe Cveni xalxis davaJk
acebisa, misi srul wlovanobisa!
neba momeciT didis mokrZalebiT mivesalmo da dabla Tavi daukra
ucxo saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebs. (taSi)
salami dids britaneTs. (taSi; deputatebi fexze adgomiT miesal
mebian britaniis warmomadgenlebs) am akvans demokratiisas. (taSi).
neba miboZeT mivesalmo safrangeTs, samSoblos revoliuciisas.
(taSi da ovacia). neba miboZeT mivesalmo, amerikis bumberaz SeerTebul
Statebs, simbolos Tavisuflebisas (mxurvale taSi da ovacia).
patara Sveicarias, (taSi da ovacia,) am yvela devnilTa mfarvels.
me mwams, me mjera, rom didi da maRali kultura am kulturul
saxelmwifoebisa, mohfens Tavis Zleva mosils sxivs Cven norCsa da pa
tara respublikasac.
17
gaumarjos ruseTis yvela erebs, romlebic ganTavisufldnen
TviTmpyrobeli mefis brWyalebisagan (taSi).
mivesalmebi Cven mezobel respublikebs, aderbeijans, (taSi) som
xeTs (taSi) da mTielTa respublikas (taSi) mivesalmebi sparseTis
warmomadgenels (taSi) mivesalmebi poloneTis axal respublikis war
momadgenlebs (taSi) warmomadgenels litvisa da ukrainisa (taSi), mi
vesalmebi saberZneTs, ispanias, norvegias da holandias. (taSi).
axla neba miboZeT mxurvale salami miuZRvna Cvens mTavrobas da mis
belads b. n. Jordanias (mxurvale taSi). maT RirseulaT atares mZime qudi
monomaxisa, romelic maTda uneburaT daaxura maT uCveulo momentma.
vaSa, vaSa, Tqven gamWriaxobas da saqmianobasa.
batonebo, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! neba miboZeT kvlav Tqven
mogesalmoT! keTili iyos Tqveni fexis Semodgoma am TeTr darbazSi,
sadac, vin icis, ramdeni Savi saqmeni gakeTebula! bednieri iyos Tqveni
aq dabinaveba, aq am Tqven saxlSi, romelsac sxvebi hpatronobdnen, ro
melSiac xalxis mtrebi xalxis xarjze qeifobdnen da dros atarebd
nen, xalxis borkilebs sWeddnen da amagrebdnen.
kurTxeul iyos safuZveli im axal saxelmwifoebrivi Senobisa,
romlis asagebaT Tqven brZandebiT mowodebuli.
metad seriozul momentSi dagakisra Tqven droTa brunvam es Tqve
ni mZime movaleoba. Cven mowameni varT, batonebo, iseT ambebis, moZrao
bis, cvalebadobisa, romlis msgavsi aseTi farTo masStabiT ar axsovs
msoflio istorias. moZraoba-cvalebadoba sulia cxovrebisa, magram
es yvelasaTvis gasagebi WeSmariteba, winaT TviT udidesi mecniere
bisTvisac warmoudgeneli da miuwdomeli saidumloeba iyo. filo
sofos aristotels verc ki warmoedgina saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba
gareSe monobis institutisa. es xdeboda imitom rom procesi ganvi
Tarebisa, moZraobisa metis-metaT neli nabijiT midioda. dRes sxva
suraTi iSleba Cvens Tval win. dRes istoria TiTqos gamoerkva saRa
Tas Zilidan, amoifSvnita Tvalebi da pirvelaT ixila Tavisi codve
bi: is saSineli, gulSemzaravi sizantiT da zmorviT CoCavs da xoxavs.
man TiTqos igrZno mTeli simZime am codvebis da ai Tavisi warsulis
asanazRaureblaT auSva Tavisi dambuli mali merani. Cven vxedavT, ra
Tav-bru damsxmeli siswrafiT mieCqareba win es merani, da Cven vxedavT,
ra saSinel ryevas da ngrevas iwvevs are-mareSi es moZraoba. ingreva
saxelmwifoebi, ispoba, Tumca dro-moWmuli, magram jer kidev Zleva
mosili wodebebi, nafotiviT imsxvreva taxtebi RvTis mier mironcx
ebulTa. romelTa erTi saxeli SiSis zars scemda mTel qveynierebas.
erTi sityviT cxovreba veRar eteva Tavis tanSi, gaficicebiT kans
icvlis, ganaxlebis-gadaxalisebis gzaze dgeba. sazogadoebriv urT
ierTobaTa axali kvanZi iskvneba.
Tavis TavaT ismeba sakiTxi, ra davkargeT Cven, da ra SeviZineT,
Cven am saerTaSoriso oromtrialSi. pasuxi moklea: davkargeT is, ris
dakargva da damarxva yovelTvis Seadgenda Cveni demokratiis saocne
18
bo sagans, mis pirvel ideals, wyevla-krulviT gaduSviT mefis TviT
mpyrobeloba im ufskrulSi, romlis piramdis miiyvana man mraval tan
juli da wamebuli Sromeli xalxi. ai, batonebo, sidiade Tebervlis
da martis revoliuciisa.
bednieri aris es axali Taoba, romelmac mxoloT ixila damar
xva, magram Tavis norC sxeulze ar ugrZvnia saSineli brWyalebi or
Tavian arwivis reJimisa. magram, es cotaa, es ar kmara. ar kmara mar
to dangreva Zvelisa. saWiroa mefis TviTmpyrobelobis nangrevebze
xalxis TviTmpyrobelobis gamagreba, Zvels saflavze axal, mtkice
saZirkvelis dafuZneba. da ai aqedan warmodgeba Cveni meore ideali:
srul-uflebian damfuZnebeli yriloba.
damfuZnebeli yriloba _ es gvirgvinia revoliuciisa, mis monapo
varTa ganmtkicebisa. mTeli 9 Tve atara ruseTis demokratiam idea
am yrilobisa, bolos didi vaivaglaxiT da tanjviT warmoSva man es
yriloba. magram, aqve gamoaSkaravda sisuste am demokratiisa. man ver
SesZlo misi movla patronoba, da ai erT cxovelisa ar iyos _ dabadebi
sTanave STanTqa mSobelma Tavis Sobili. oqtombris gadatrialebam
gadauSva anarqiis morevSi didi gemi didi revoliuciisa.
locva-kurTxeviT moigonebs momavali Taoba madlieri Cvens
demokratias da mis mTavrobas, romelmac erTad erTma ar dahkarga
goneba, ar mieca sasowarkveTilebas _ am saerTo gancdis dros. mxo
lod am demokratiam gadaarCina Cveni patara navi, mware xvedrs, didi
revoliuciis, didi gemisa, romelzedac mTeli 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mikruli iyo magari jaWviT. mxoloT man erTma aacila es navi aTasgvar
dabrkolebas da kldeebs, anarqiis uZiro zRvaSi amozidulT da moiy
vana aq, am samSvidoboSi, am diad am Zvirfas ganZiT, damfuZnebeli kre
biT. cxadia, es didi saqme aris Sedegi ara ubralo, brma, da bednieri
SemTxvevis, rogorc zogierTni fiqroben, aramed Cveni demokratiis
im swori politikuri sibrZne-simwifisa, razedac es es iyo mogaxseneb
diT. ar aris dargi iseTi rTuli da saidumloebiT moculi, rogorc
politika. da vai im xalxs, romlis politikur xelmZRvanelebs ar Se
swevs gamWriaxoba Caixedon am saidumloebis siRrmeSi da gaikvlion
gza am iSviaT xelovnebis bnel labirintSi. TviTeuli nabiji mrudeT
gadadgmuli am sferoSi, SeiZleba gaxdes sabediswero nabijad mTeli
xalxisaTvis.
aba ra xeiri daayares, batonebo, TavianT xalxs im politikurma
partiebma, romlebic mxolod sxva xalxis daRupvaze, sxvis ubedure
baze ocneboben. meore cocxali magaliTi. ras fiqroben da ras cdi
loben Cveni fex-mardi komunist-bolSevikebi? mTel qveynierebaze da
ara marto ruseTis cxovrebaSi, socializmis xelaT ganxorcielebaze
da erTi muWa wiTel armielebis xiStebiT veeberTela ruseTis glexTa
am umaRles socialur samefoSi gadatyorcnas.
sul sxva gza airCia Cvenma demokratiam. kaci-Wamiaobas da mezo
belTa mZulvarebas man daupirdapira WeSmariti demokratiuli prin
19
cipi erTa solidarobisa da keTil-ganwyobilebisa komunistTa dam
Rupvel eqsperimentebs, _ win daxeduleba da Sors-mWvreteloba. Cveni
survili iyo ruseTis demokratiasTan erTad brZola da Wirsa da lx
inSi masTan yofna, masTan sicocxle. magram mware sinamdvilem gvimtyu
na, da gagvicrua es imedebi. anarqiis talRebma mogvwyvita mas da ob
laT gagvriya. da roca Cven angariSi gauwieT am sinamdviles, magraT
SemovibareT, SemovibekneT pirvelad mTel amierkavkasiis da Semdeg
Cven respublikis farglebSi. Cvenma „keTilis mosurneebma“ daiwunes
da dagmes es Cveni taqtika. Semdeg roca Cveni da Cveni ganmartoebul
respublikis mdgomareoba imdenad garTulda, rom daisva kiTxva Cve
ni fizikuri yofna ar yofnisa da roca Cven ar yofnas yofna varCieT,
da karzed mosul gansacdels Tavi davaxwieT, es imave Cvenma „keTi
lis msurvelebma“ aramc Tu dagviwunes, aramed pirdapir damalulad
demokratiul principis Ralatad CamogvarTves da astexes saSineli
gangaSi: _ qveyana iqceva, Cven Tan mivyvebiT, Tqven ki raRac sakuTar
arsebobaze foCixobTo.
aseTia, batonebo, buneba buSmenTa moralisa. rodesac amoSiSv
lebuli xmlebiT Tavs gesxmian, karg saqmes Svrebian! roca Tavs icavT
veragul Tavdasxmidgan es _ cudze ucudesia! davutovoT buSmenebs
maTi buSmenuri morali da gavswioT win, im Cveni gziT, swori gziT,
romelmac ara erTxel gamogviyvana gamousvleli Cixidgan, romelmac
SegvanarCuna Zvirfasi monapovari revoliuciisa.
batonebo, dRes am revoliuciis, ruseTis revoliuciis 2 wlis
Tavia. Cveni demokratia, madlieri demokratia ar daiviwyebs did
amags ruseTis demokratiisas. muxlis modrekiT movixseniebT am
demokratiis gmirebs, romelTac Tavi dasdves sakacobrio samsxver
ploze. 2 weliwadia rac mopovebul Cvens Tavisuflebas emuqrebian
yovel mxridan mozRvavebuli mtrebi. saxeli da dideba Cven xalxis
rCeul Svilebs, _ saxalxo gvardia da axalgazda jars, romelTac Tvi
si Tavdadebuli mamacobiT SeinarCunes, daicves Segvinaxes da Cagab
ares Tqven es Tavisufleba (taSi). awi, batonebo, Tqvens xelT aris
bedi am Cven qarcecxlSi gamotarebuli avla-didebisa. ver vityviT,
rom sruliad uzrunveli, dazRveuli iyos es Tavisufleba mosalod
nel saSiSroebisagan, vinaidan ar sCans dasasruli im qaosisa, romlis
alSi Caagdo mTeli ganaTlebuli kacobrioba saSinelma msoflio
omma. magram erTi ram ki SeiZleba aq iTqvas gadaWriT: xalxi, romel
mac mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi daicva Tavisi vinaoba, xalxi, ro
melsac ar SeeSinda CrdiloeTis susxian zamTris, romelmac gamoiCi
na unari TviTmpyrobelobis sqeli da civi yinvis qveS politikuri
da moqalaqobrivi zrda-ganviTarebisa, es xalxi ar daiRupeba da
arc daRupavs mopoebul Tavisuflebas. maS gaumarjos saqarTvelos
Tavisufali damoukidebeli respublikis Tavisufal demokratias,
gaumarjos saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas. erTxel kidev giZRvniT
20
Cems gulwrfel salams da kidev gisurvebT warmatebas da Tavisufal
muSaobas (xangrZlivi taSi).
damfuZnebel krebis muSaobisaTvis saWiro aris Rirseuli da
daxelovnebul xelmZRvanelis arCeva. inebeT batonebo dasaxeleba kan
didatebisa. sityva ekuTvnis noe cincaZes.
21
me Cems Tavs nebas mivcem movigono sami momenti istoriisa ukanask
nel saukunis ganmavlobaSi. momenti, rodesac 19 saukunis ganTiadze
maSindelma saqarTvelos mesveurebma saukeTesod dainaxes, rom Tavis
xalxis da Tavis eris bediRbali mosazRvre did saxelmwifosTvis Cae
barebinaT. Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, Tu ra pirobebSi moxda es istori
uli aqti, Tqven iciT ras gamoeloda saqarTvelo, rogorc saxelmwi
foebrivi erTeuli maSin dadebul xelSekrulebisagan, da ra miiRo
man sinamdvileSi. magram iciT isic, rom is didi saxelmwifo, romel
mac mas Tavis mfarveloba aRuTqva, sxva rames saqarTvelos ver miscem
da. iq, did ruseTSi xalxi gminavda TiTon maSindel saxelmwifoebriv
reJimis sastik salteebSi CaWedili; da Cven gvesmis, Tu ratom am nairi
politika iqmna nawarmoebi maT mier patara saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. saW
iro iyo, rom dabadebuliyo axali Zala, axali gzis gamkafavi xalxis
gansaTavisufleblad. da mecxramete saukunis meore naxevarSi gaCnda
kidec es Zala, romelic Seudga axali gzis, axali politikuri gezis
gamonaxvas. es gza iyo gza saerTo, Zmuri im xalxTan, romlis saxelmwi
foebriv sazRvrebSi saqarTvelo moaqcia istoriulma msvlelobam da
ai am saerTo gziT iara Cvenma xalxma, Cvenma demokratiam da Tqven iciT,
moqalaqeno, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyva aseT brZolis gzas _ SeerTebulma
Zalam ruseTs da saqarTvelos demokratiebisam, daangria TviTmpyro
beloba, es Zir moWmuli, Zir dampali saxelmwifoebrivi weswyobile
ba, da istoriis wiaRSi gadaisrola is erTxel da samudamod. es moxda
27 Tebervals, ori wlis wined. es meore istoriuli momenti.
dRes, 12 marts wlis Tavia am diadi gadatrialebisa. Tu gadaavlebT
Tvals am ori wlis ambavs, movigonebT mokled ra xdeboda aq, CvenSi.
ras miaRwies iq, da ra gvaqvs aq CvenSi, patara saqarTveloSi. saqarT
velos demokratia aq iseTi mdidari gamodga, rom mas, visac dascinod
nen kidec, ra SeuZlian am patara da ganuviTarebel xalxs da erso, mas,
moqalaqeno, Tamamad SeuZlian sTqvas, rom maSindeli didi ruseTis,
didi demokratiis brZolis dros TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg Cveni
xalxis Svilni saukeTeso mebrZolni da xelmZRvanelni iyvnen im sabe
diswero brZolaSi, da es oqros asoebiT aRibeWdeba istoriaSi. da Tu
dRes es movigoneT TqvenwinaSe, es imisTvis, rom erTxel kidev gaigon,
rom saqarTvelos SeuZlian aramc Tu Tavis sakuTar saqmeebs gauZRves,
aramed sxvasac daexmaros. Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rom manam, sanam
ruseTis bediRbals da ruseTis demokratiis vaJkacur Tav ganwirul
brZolis dros ruseTSi batonobda is politikuri saxelmwifoebrivi
aRmSeneblobis sibrZne, romelic dResaa saqarTveloSi, ruseTis er
Tiani demokratiuli fronti uryeveli iyo. is, rac am politikis dam
arcxebis Semdeg ganicada ruseTma, aaSkaravebs Tqven winaSe romeli gza
da gezi yofila xalxisaTvis sasargeblo dRevandel socialur poli
tikur pirobebSi. es iyo erTad erTi gza, rom ruseTis gaerTianebuli
demokratiuli ojaxi ar gapartaxebuliyo da demokratiis suvereno
bis adgili jgufis batonobas da Zaldatanebas ar daeWira. marTalia
22
dRes ruseTi mborgav zRvas warmoadgens, marTalia boboqrobs iq sazo
gadoebrivi cxovreba, magram, moqalaqeno, es imis momaswavebeli rodia,
TiTqos demokratia Tavis navTsayudels gadadiodes, piriqiT mas umza
deben xangrZlivs damarcxebas, da kidev ufro met Savbnel dReebs.
damarcxda saerTo gziT mosiarule ruseTi, Cven Cvens sakuTar
Zalis da bedis anabara dagvtoves aq, maSin rodesac Cven vicodiT,
rom gvyvavda iseTi mezobeli, sadac aziuri, despotiuri weswyo
bilebas jer kidev mkvidri safuZveli aqvs da dRes Tu ara, xval am
despotizmis msxverpli unda gavmxdariyaviT. dadga meore momenti,
rodesac, kavkasionis qedis aqeT, mcxovreb xalxTaTvis Seiqmna iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom saerTo ZaliT SesaZlebeli iyo saerTo keTildRe
obis gamoWedva, magram es ese ar moxda. me aq ar gamoudgebi mizezebis
gamorkvevas. es istorias mivandoT, dadga iseTi, mdgomareoba, roca
TviTeul ers, TviTeul demokratias TviT unda ezrunva Tavis Tavze.
da ai gasul wlis 26 maisidan dawyobili dRevandlamdin, saqarTve
los demokratia viTa gaafrTebuli lomi ibrZvis, rom SeinarCunos
monapovari didebul revoliuciisa Tavis miwa wyalze. ase moisurva
saqarTvelos demokratiam Tavis, Tavis gamorkveva da am gzas adgia
is dResac.
ai Sedegi Tavganwirul brZolisa, moqalaqeno, man Tavisi wminda
droSa, saqarTvelos demokratiis saukeTeso Svilebis sisxliT gan
banili, moitana aq, ai am damfuZnebel krebaSi da mogiwodaT Tqven,
rom ganagrZoT es saSviliSvilo, damoukideblobisaTvis saarsebo
mniSvnelobis saqmis keTeba.
moqalaqeno, Cven gvinda erTi ram. nuravin SegviSlis xels am
muSaobis dros, Cven gvinda ganvacxadoT aqedan da gvsurs, rom es
Cveni gancxadeba isminos mTelma kacobriobam da saTanado angariSi
gauwios mas: Cven gvinda azia davtioT, evropis saerTo xalxTa ojaxSi
SevideT, da Cveni ZaliT da sxvis daxmarebiTac, Tu es daxmareba vismes
gan gveRirseba, gavxdeT sworuflebiani wevri evropiul xalxebTan,
evropiul demokratiaTa da maT saxelmwifoTa saerTo ojaxisa. (taSi).
Cven gvinda, rom gaigos es yvelam, gauwios amas angariSi, me mgoni
rom is evropis saxelmwifoebi, romlis warmomadgenlebi dRes arian
aq, didi britaneTi, ganTqmuli Tavis demokratiul konstituciiT,
didi revoliuciis akvani, didi safrangeTi, demokratiuli Sveicar
ia, didi amerika, amas saTanado angariSs gauweven, da marTlac, rom
Cven gvergeba wili am sakacobrio lozungis ganxorcielebis dros,
romlis ZaliT mcire eris da mis demokratias saSualeba unda mieces
Tavis sakuTari bedi TviTon gamosWedos (taSi).
dasasrul, batonebo, xazi unda gausva kidev erT garemoebas: ar
ian warmomadgenelni Cveni mezobel saxelmwifoebisa, norC respub
likebisa. me nebas vaZlev Cem Tavs, mivmarTo maT mxolod erTi sur
viliT. Cven xelT aris Cveni xalxisa, Cveni demokratiis bed-iRbali,
Cven SegviZlian davangrioT am erebis bedniereba, samudamo saflavi
23
moumzadoT maT da maTs idealebs. magram Cven xelT aris agreTve gam
ovWedoT maTTvis saukeTeso momavali. da me mgonia, rom es SegveZleba
mxolod maSin, rodesac Cven, mezoblebTan erTad, saerTo ZaliT xeli
xelT Cakidebuli, Zmurad vivliT. maSin Cveni mtrebi arc ise saSiSre
bi iqnebian. me visurveb rom ai aseTi gza agveRos Cven yvelas da saer
To gonebrivi, sulieri da fizikuri ZalTa SeerTebiT gvebrZolnos
saukeTeso momavlisaTvis (taSi).
erTxel kidev momeciT neba, uRrmesi madloba mogiZRvnaT am did
ndobisaTvis, da TqvenTan erTad SevsZaxo: _ gaumarjos Tavisufal da
moukidebel demokratiul saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas, gaumar
jos Cvens stumrebs, maT saxelmwifoebs, da maT mier warmodgenil
demokratias (taSi).
Semdegi sakiTxi, romlis gadawyveta da gadaWra dRevandel wes
rigSi aris navaraudevi, es gaxlavT Semdegi aqti damoukideblobisa,
neba momeciT mogaxsenoT...
(aleqsandre lomTaTiZe kiTxulobs, deputatebi fexze adgomiT
ismenen saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqts.)
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba
24
miT amierkavkasiis politikuri mTlianobac daiSala.
„qarTveli eris dRevandeli mdgomareoba aucileblad moiTxovs,
rom saqarTvelom sakuTari saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia Sehqmnas,
misi saSualebiT gareSe Zalis mier dapyrobisagan Tavi gadairCinos
da damoukidebel ganviTarebis mtkice safuZveli aagos.
„amisda Tanaxmad saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, 1917 wlis noembris
22-s arCeuli saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobis mier, dRes acxadebs.
1) amieridan saqarTvelos xalxi suverenul uflebaTa matarebe
lia da saqarTvelo sruluflebiani damoukidebeli saxelmwifoa.
2) damoukidebel saqarTvelos politikuri forma _ demokrati
uli respublikaa.
3) saerTaSoriso omianobaSi saqarTvelo mudmivi neitraluri
saxelmwifoa.
4) saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas surs saerTaSoriso
urTierTobis yvela wevrTan keTilmezobluri ganwyobileba daam
yaros, gansakuTrebiT ki mosazRvre saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan.
5) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika Tavis sazRvrebSi Ta
nasworad uzrunvelhyofs yvela moqalaqis samoqalaqo da politikur
uflebebs ganurCevlad erovnebisa, sarwmunoebisa, socialur mdgo
mareobisa da sqesisa.
6) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ganviTarebis Tavisu
fal asparezs gauxsnis mis teritoriaze mosaxle yvela ers.
7) damfuZnebel krebis Sekrebamde mTelis saqarTvelos marTva-
gamgeobis saqmes uZRveba erovnuli sabWo, romelic Sevsebuli iqneba
erovnuli umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebiT, da droebiTi mTavroba
pasuxismgebelia sabWos winaSe.
25
neba momeciT uyaro kenWi. vin aris momxre, rom sxdoma dainiSnos
14-s? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame, damfuZnebel krebis sxdoma
iqneba 14 marts 12 saaTze.
kreba ixureba 2 s. da 50 w.
26
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meore sxdoma.
27
damfuZnebel krebis ufros mdivnis arCeva.
mTavrobis gancxadeba.
28
qveynidan wasvliT, meore mxriT osmaleTis mosvliT – ai am orma isto
riulma movlenam dabada Cveni damoukidebloba, rogorc aucilebeli
saSualeba am qartexilSi Tavis gadarCenis da istoriul warRvnis
agan Tavis dasaRwevad. mTavrobis winaSe idga erTi mTavari sagani,
romlis miRwevisaTvis mas unda moenaxa mTeli Tavis ZalRone. mas cx
ovrebam dauyena erTi amocana, erTi dillema da es dillema aris, Tu
ra gziT SevsZlebT am patara eris, misi patara saSualebebiT aoxre
bisagan gadarCenas, misi fizikuri arsebobis da kulturis SerCenas.
Cven, didi ruseTis frTeb qveS Sefarebuli, gadaCveulni Tavis
movlas da batonobas, moulodnelaT davrCiT Cveni Tavis amara da ai,
am garemoebam ukarnaxa mTavrobas moqmedebis gezi da gegma.
sagareo saqmeTa msvlelobam misca dasabami saqarTvelos mTav
robas da Sinaarsi mis moRvaweobas. da Cven dRes Tamamad SegviZlia
ganvacxadoT, rom es istoriuli daniSnuleba mTavrobam gaamarTla.
msoflio omi dasrulda ise, rom saqarTvelo uvneblad gamovida
msoflio cecxlis rkalebidan, xolo didi revoliucia sruldeba ise,
rom saqarTvelom Tavi daaxwia, rogorc anarqias, ise revoliuciis
monapovarTa dakargvas.
maSasadame Cven gvaqvs dRes sam gvari nayofi:
sagareo myudroeba,
saSinao myudroeba,
revoliuciis yvela monapovari.
arc erTi damfuZnebeli kreba ar Sekrebila aseT xelsayrel sazo
gadoebriv pirobebSi. yvela iZulebuli iyo es samive nayofi TviT
moepoebia; TviT ebrZola misTvis da ise ganexorcielebina. Cvens dam
fuZnebel krebas yovelive es mza-mzareuli daxvda. mas darCenia mx
olod am nayofis ganviTarebis Sesaferi iuridiuli da politikuri
kalapotis Seqmna da mudmivi sagareo myudroebis damkvidreba.
ranairaT moxda es, rogor mivaRwieT am mizans?
mTavroba im azrs adga, rom sagareo simtkices mogvcems mxoloT
Sinauri simtkice. garedan mosul mter-moyvares gaumagrdebiT im
denaT, ramdenad Cven Sin SevsZlebT erTi didi frontis Seqmnas da
masze Seuryevelad dayrdnobas. am frontis Seqmna SeiZleba mxolod
revoliuciis monapovarTa niadagze xalxis darazmviT demokratiul
droSis gareSemo.
droSa revoliuciis da demokratiis gaxda simbolod Cveni Sin
auri erTobis, Cveni nacionalur simtkicis da gaWivrebidan Tavis
gadarCenis. ai, es droSa gaxda mTavrobis droSaT, mas vemsaxurebodiT
Cven. Cven ar wamogviyenebia arc erTi iseTi lozungi, ar migviRia arc
erTi iseTi kanoni, Tu gankarguleba, romelic mogvaSorebda eris sa
sicocxlo elementebs da maT magier Segvmatebda usicocxlo da dro
moWmul wreebs. is, rac istoriam da revoliuciam uaryo _ uarvyaviT
Cvenc; is, rac istoriam da revoliuciam sasicocxloT dastova, mas
CavafrindiT Cvenc da maTgan SevkariT erTi mtkice revoliuciuri
29
da saxelwifoebrivi Zala. pirvelad CvenSi Seiqna mTavroba, romlis
garSemo Semokrba yvela demokratiuli da revoliucionuri orga
nizaciebi, marTla mTavroba, romelsac uprotestoT emorCileboda
mTeli demokratia, mTeli eri. aseTi mTavroba jer ar Seqmnila ruse
Tis arc erT kuTxeSi, arc erT erSi _ es iq momavlis saqmea da axla
rogoric unda iyos es mTavroba, vinc unda Sediodes Sig, – es Zala mas
eqneba mxolod erTi pirobiT ki – is ar unda gadascdes demokrati
is, revoliuciis niadags. am pirobis gareSe verc erTi mTavroba ver
iarsebebs, mis gareSe iqmneba anarqiis da kontr-revoliuciis Savi uf
skruli, raica Tan Caitans Cvens damoukideblobasac.
ai aseTia is saerTo politikuri kalapoti, romelSiac moZraob
da, moqmedebda da Tavisi miznisaken midioda mTavroba da masTan er
Tad misi warmomSobi parlamenti. es ori organo _ erTi kanonmdeblo
biTi, meore _ marTvelobiTi, xeli-xel Cakidebulni moRvaweobdnen
da erTxelac maT Soris ar Camovardnila egreT wodebuli kabineTis
krizisi.
Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom am saerTo principebs Cven vatarebdiT
cxovrebaSi ara moqadageobiTi saSualebiT, aramed konkretiul
zomebiT, sxva da sxva reformebiT, am zomebTa Soris mTavari adgili
uWiravs Tavdacvis zomebs; e. i. SeiaraRebul Zalebs da diplomatias.
pirveli ganiyofeba orad: – gvardia da mudmivi jari. axalia gvardia,
Zvelia mudmivi jari da ai, am maTi Tvisebidan, warmosdga maTi Rirse
ba-naklulevaneba. gvardia Seiqna revoliucionur talRebSi saukeTe
so mowinave elementebisgan da es instituti Cven davakanoneT. bevri
iyo misi mowinaaRmdege, mara misma saqmeebma exla TviT urwmunonic ki
daarwmuna mis aucileblobisa da diad saxelmwifo sargeblianobaSi.
gacilebiT meti yuradReba iyo miqceuli mudmiv jarisaken, mara aq
Cvenma cdam ver gamoiRo saWiro nayofi. amis mTavari mizezia, rasak
virvelia oTxi wlis omi. yazarma xalxs SesZulda da veWvob, rom ar
amc Tu CvenSi, evropaSiac SesaZlebeli gaxdes es sakmao mudmivi jaris
yola da misi didxans damagreba. Cven am mxriv gvmarTebs reformis mox
dena, drosTvis angariSis gaweva. mara erTi ki mainc faqtia: Cveni Sei
araRebuli Zalis saSualebiT Cven SevirCineT Cveni saSinao da sagareo
myudroeba, jari da gvardia gaWivrebis dros Tavis simaRleze idgnen
da mters mxneT ebrZoden.
rasakvirvelia, amas marto xmliT ver SevsZlebdiT, rom aq diplo
matiac ar mogvSveleboda da Tu patara respublikebis Zalebs Cveni
ZaliTac gauswordebodiT _ did saxelmwifoebTan damokidebulebis
daWera mxolod diplomatiur gziT SegveZlo da Cvenc savsebiT vis
argebleT miT. mokavSireebTan megobruli ganwyobileba gvaqvs. deleg
acia sazavo kongresze gavgzavneT da Cven eWvi ar gvaqvs, imaSi, rom Cven
xalxTa ligaSi SevalT, rogorc srul uflebiani wevri, mezobel res
publikebTan megobruli damokidebulobiT. somxeTTan diplomatiur
kavSiri aRdgenilia. yvela es moiTxovs xarjebs, erTob did xarjebs
30
da Tu miviRebT saxeSi imas, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xazinas dRi
dan bolSevikebis gadatrialebisa 1917 w. oqtombridan cali kapeiki
ar miuRia ruseTidan, – advilaT warmoidgenT Cvens finansiur gaWir
vebas. xolo roca saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamovacxadeT xazina
sruliaT carieli iyo. miuxedavaT amisa, dRemde suli mainc ki mivi
taneT ise, rom araviTari sagareo vali ar agviRia. marTalia Semosav
lis wyaro finansiuri TvalsazrisiT veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs,
magram bonebis beWvdis meti sxva gza ar gvqonda. amas mohyva fulis
kursis dacema, e. i. gamocemuli bonebi Cveni deficitia, saSinao sesx
ia, mara sagareo sesxi yvela am vnebas mogvitanda da imave dros ucxo
Zalis movale gavxdebodiT. amave dros mTavroba Rebulobda yovel
Rones moewyo gadasaxadebis axali sistema, amkrefi aparati, axali da
moJnebi da sxva da sxva. yvela am zomam saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
pirvel Svid Tves mogvca 69, 044, 000 man. Tu mas rkinis gzis Semosavals
27, 114, 000 m. miumateT, gamova, rom xazinis Semosavali pirvel ianvram
di yofila sul 96, 188, 000 man., xolo gasavali ki iyo 342, 244, 000 man.,
deficitia 246, 086, 000 raica daifara bonebis gamoSvebiT, imave xnis
ganmavlobaSi Cveni sagareo vaWroba udris: SemovitaneT ucxoeTidan
140, 929, 260 man. xolo gavitaneT 87, 494, 105 man. maSasadame jami Cve
ni sagareo aReb-micemobisa gasuli wlis ukanasknel eqvs Tves udrida
228, 343, 336 m. Semozidva aRemateba gazidvas 53, 435, 095 m. raica aix
sna imiT, rom Cven vsaWiroebT ucxo purs da Saqars. mTavari vaWroba
gvqonebia ukrainasTan – udris 110 mil. man. Semdeg modis ruseTi _ 50
mil.man., osmaleTi _ 32 mil., aderbeijani _ 6 mil., somxeTi _ milioni,
da danarCenebi 56 mil.
mrewvelobis xriT TiTqmis arafeli axali ar gakeTebula am xnis
ganmavlobaSi, Tu saxeSi ar miviRebT tyibulis qvanaxSiris damuSave
bas rkinis gzebis saWiroebisaTvis. aq, rogorc xedavT vaWroba-mrewv
eloba da gadasaxadTa sistema jer kidev ar dgas im doneze, rom saxel
mwifos deficiti am saSualebidan dagvefara. marTalia gvaqvs erTi
didi dargi, romelzedac Cven did imedebs vamyarebT, mara jer-jero
biT ki es saqmec ver iZleva saWiro Semosavals. me mogaxsenebT saxel
mwifo qonebaze agraruli reformis wyalobiT saxelmwifos xelSia
dRes dagrovili or milion desiatinamde tye, naxevar milionamde
saxnavi miwebi, rvaas aTasamde saZovari, kurortebi Tavis sasaxlee
biT, madneul wyliT, madnebi da sxva. magram yvela es, rogorc axal
SemoRebuli saWiroebs Sesafer mowyobas, dayenebas, Sesafer sameur
neo da saeqploatacio aparatebis Seqmnas, raica did xarjebs iTxovs.
uwyebis varaudiT wels es qoneba mogvcems 90 mil., man., xolo daixar
jeba 71 mil. maneTamdis. aq rasakvirvelia CaTvlili ar aris saxnavi
miwebis gadacema glexebze kerZo sakuTrebaT, Tanaxmad parlamentis
dadgenilebisa, saidanac moveliT ara nakleb oras milion maneTs, ra
ica, rasakvirvelia Cvens finansebs gaaumjobesebs droebiT. mara ver
mospobs deficits. rogorc xedavT mTavari ZarRvi Cveni saxelmwifo
31
moTxovnilebisa, garda Tavdacvisa gareSe da Sinaur mterTagan, aris
finansiur mdgomareobaSi, ris gamokeTeba sabolooT dagvayenebs mt
kice, Seuryevel safuZvelze.
CveulebrivaT saxelmwifo gasavali ifareba umTavresad ga
dasaxadebiT; saxelmwifos aSenebis procesSi gadasaxadis akrefa
Zneldeba, vinaidan administratiuli aparatebi darRveulia, qone
brivi mdgomareoba areuli da gamourkvevelia, ara Tu akrefa, gasaW
iria imis Tqma, Tu vis unda daadva gadasaxadi vis xelSia dRes dagro
vili gadasaxadis sagani – qoneba. dRes, am spekuliaciis xanaSi Znelia
qonebis kadastris Sedgena, vinaidan dRevandeli Raribi xval uceb
mdidrdeba da dRevandeli mdidari xval uceb Raribdeba.
Cvens finansiur mdgomareobas amZimebs rkinis gza, romelic iZle
va did deficits. es aixsneba TviT am gzis muSaobiT. es gzebi iZule
buli iyvnen Tavisive saSualebiT gadaeyvana jer ruseTis eSelonebi,
mere germaneli da osmalos jarebi, Semdeg kidev _ osmaloebi da bo
los ingliselebi. ase Tavs daatyda metad didi tvirTi da yovelive
es unda ezida arsebuli texnikuri saSualebiT. amiT, rasakvirvelia,
es saSualebani gacvda, gadna, gamocvla ar SeiZleba da mxolod mis Se
keTebiT vcxovrobT. garda amisa, saTbobi masalis Tavis droze uqon
loba, vaWroba mrewvelobis sisuste, saqonlis gadazidva gadmozid
vis nakleboba, saukeTeso muSebis da mosamsaxureTa xSiraT gvardiaSi
frontze gamgzavreba, muSaobas Camocileba – ai yvela es qmnis rkinis
gzaTa deficits, misi Semosavlis naklebobas.
rogorc xedavT, Cveni finansiuri mdgomareoba mWidroT Sekav
Sirebulia msoflio omis SedegebTan: cxovreba normalur kalapotSi
Cadgeba – finansebic, rasakvirvelia, sxva saxes miiReben da Cven udef
icitoT SegveZleba vicxovroT, Tu ki, rasakvirvelia, Sesaferi saSin
ao politikuri urTierToba SevqeniT.
am mxriT mTavroba da parlamenti gamudmebuli muSaobda. erobaTa
SemoReba, administraciis mowyoba, momrigebel mosamarTleTa insti
tutis Seqmna, samarTlis da swavlis gaerovnebiT xalxTan daaxloveba
da sxv. da sxv.
me minda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba mTavrobis moqmedebas Sromis
sferoSi. miuxedavaT didi siZvirisa da gaWirvebisa Cven Tavidan
avicileT gaficvebi. erTaT-erTi didi gaficva moxda tyibulis
maRaroebSi, mara aq iseTi axirebuli da SeuZlebeli moTxovnilebani
iqna wamoyenebuli, rom is mTavrobasTan erTaT dagmo mTelma Sekav
Sirebulma muSaTa klasma da ase movaxdineT misi likvidacia umt
kivneuloT. es aixsneba imiT, rom muSaTa klasi sruli ndobiT epyroba
mTavrobas da is darwmunebulia Sromis interesi davicavT sawar
movo ZalTa ganviTarebis farglebSi. Cvenma Sromis saministrom ara
erTi da ori gamzadebuli gaficva Tavis CareviT Caaqro, raica amt
kicebs imasac, rom patronebic ndobiT epyrobian am uwyebas, magram,
mouxedavaT yvela amisa, muSis xelfasis sakiTxi sdgas mTeli Tavisi
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simwvaviT. qiris momateba ar sWris am kiTxvas, vinaidan cxovrebis gaZ
vireba kidev ufro matulobs da ase muSa mainc gaWirvebaSi vardeba.
am kiTxvis mowesrigeba SeuZlebelia, sanamdis Cveni ekonomiuri da
finansiuri mdgomareoba ar gamokeTdeba da saxalxo meurneoba nor
malur kalapotSi ar Casdgeba. erTi mTavari cementi am gamokeTebisa
aris Sromis nayofis gamravleba, Sromis ganTavisufleba. rac meti
Rirebuleba iqneba Seqmnili, miT ufro meti simdidre grovdeba, miT
ufro met Rirebulebas movizidavT garedan da ase avswevT Cvens va
liutas da fulis kurss. Sromis nayofierebis dacema erTi mizezia
dRevandeli ekonomiuraT dasustebis da maSasadame Sromis pirobebis
gauaresebisac. sawarmovo ZalTa ganviTarebaSi dRes erTnairaT dain
teresebulia saxelmwifo, muSa, glexi da mrewveli.
ai aseTia saerToT Cveni respublikis dRevandeli mdgomareoba;
me ar mogaxsenebT imaze, Tu ra unda gakeTdes dReidan, es Tqveni da
Tqven mier Seqmnili mTavrobis saqmea; me gagacaniT mxolod arsebu
li mdgomareoba da vambobT, rom rac SegveZlo – vimuSaveT, ruseTis
sxva saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan SedarebiT Cveni saxelmwifos gemi
mSvidaT moviyvaneT Tqvenamdis, Tqvenis namdvil baton-patronam
dis. ai CaibareT es gemi, miiReT saxelmwifos sadave da gaakeTeT is,
rac Cven ver gavakeTeT, rac davakeliT an, rac gamogvrCa. jer kidev
Sorsa varT imisagan, rac unda iyos, jer ar ganxorcielebula Cveni
politikuri gegma; damfuZnebeli kreba sworeT am gegmis gansaxor
cieleblaTaa mowodebuli da is ar daiSleba mis ganxorcielebamdis.
parlamentis mTavroba midis da adgils uTmobs damfuZnebel kre
bis mTavrobas.
s. d. fraqciis rezoliucia.
33
axali mTavrobis Sedgenis sakiTxi.
34
ra saministros krizisi. es erTi damamtkicebeli sabuTia imis, rom
SeTanxmebuli muSaoba kanonmdebel dawesebulebisa da mTavrobisa,
arsebobda im organizaciis saSualebiT, romelic Cven gvqonda par
lamentis dros; am praqtikis mixedviT, unda davadgeT Semdeg gzas:
damfuZnebeli kreba airCevs erTs da mas miendoba Sedgena kabineti
sa, romelic warmosdgeba Cvens winaSe Tavis deklaraciis da Tavis
Semadgenlobis dasamtkiceblad. aseT praqtikas hqonda Tavis sabuTi,
aqvs exlac: es gaxlavT is, rom Cven gvyvavs aRmasrulebeli aparati,
romelsac airCevT, SeuZlia iyos SeTanxmebuli erTi meoresTan, ese
vsTqvaT Sezavebuli, rom maTi muSaoba iyos mTliani, da ar iyos da
fantuli, dabneuli. yvelani rom Cven avirCioT, SeiZleba es ufro
savsebiT gamoxatavdes damfuZnebel krebis nebisyofas, magram es
aparati ver iqneba yvelaze swrafi da swori gamtarebeli damfuZneb
el krebis survilisa. aRsrulebisTvis saWiroa mTlianoba nebisa da
survilisa, es ki gveqneba mxolod maSin, rodesac kabineti Sesdgeba
erTi arCeul pirisagan da danarCeni ki mowveulni iqnebian. maSin isi
ni Seadgenen ueWvelad erTgvar Tanamoazreebs maT Soris iqneba erT
gvari winaswari SeTanxmeba pirovnebisas, ideebis, praqtikis; erTi
sityviT, aseTi kolegia mogvcems iseT aRmasrulebel aparats, ro
melsac marTla SeuZlia moqnilic iyos da swrafi muSaoba SeiZlos,
da amnairad Sedgenili aparati umjobesad gauZRveba im muSaobas,
romelzedac me migiTiTebT.
am rigad pirveli debuleba, romelic me minda wamovayeno Tqven
winaSe, es iqneba is, rom damfuZnebelma krebam aarCios erTi piri, ro
melic ueWvelia, iqneba mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, da Seadgens mTel
kabinets.
me minda amasTanave meore garemoebasac gavusva xazi.
Cven respublikaSi dRemdis ar yofila mTeli respublikis sxva
warmomadgeneli, garda mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisa. Cven ar gvyolia
arc prezidenti, arc dagviyenebia wineT es sakiTxi, da me ar vambob,
rom dResac ueWvelia, ar SeiZleba sabolood gadiWras es sakiTxi.
es didi konstitucionuri sakiTxi gaxlavT, magram Tu damfuZnebeli
kreba aris warmomadgeneli mTeli erisa, mas unda hyavdes aseTive war
momadgeneli mTeli respublikisa; misgan arCeuli piri, cxadia, unda
iyos pirovnuli gamomxatveli im suverenuli uflebebisa, romelic
ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebas, da visac vandobT ueWvelad am ufle
bas. is iqneba, Tu ginda, prezidenti, Tavmjdomare respublikisa. misi
uflebis sakiTxi sadaoa, magram erTi ram udavo unda iyos yvelasT
vis, rom es iqneba warmomadgeneli respublikisa, da iqneba umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli, da maSasadame is iqneba gansaxierebuli warmomad
genloba am respublikisa Tavis pirovnobaSi. es erTgvari funqciaa
prezidentisa, magram esaa prezidenti, romelic aris imave dros kabi
netis wevri, wevri mTavrobis, da maSasadame iseTive pasuxismgebeli
damfuZnebel krebis winaSe, rogorc yvela sxva wevri kabinetisa. ai
35
Tu Cven miviRebT am or ZiriTad mTavar debulebas, maSin Cveni praqti
ka gamoixateba SemdegSi: Cven dRes SegviZlian davasaxelod, avirCioT
erTi piri da mivandoT mas Sedgena solidarul da pasuxis mgebeli
kabinetisa, romelic warmosdgeba Cvens winaSe Tavis deklaraciiT,
aseTi gaxlavT Cveni winadadeba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs nu
cubiZes.
Salva nucubiZe (s. f.) social-federalistebis fraqciis saxeliT
unda ganvacxado, rom mTavrobis Semadgenlobis sakiTxSi, radganac
ase ismeva sakiTxi, fraqcia kenWis yraSi monawileobas ar miiRebs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravin aris. aq aris werilobiTi winadadeba Semotani
li social-demokratiul fraqciis mier. sxva winadadeba Semotanili
ar aris. winadadeba Semdegi gaxlavs... „respublikis mTavrobis Sesad
genaT damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs erT pirs, romelic iqneba mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare;
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare amave dros aris umaRlesi warmomadgene
li respublikisa“
rogor moisurvebT, _ erTad uyaro kenWi, Tu ganawildes?
g. gvazava. winadadebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba?
Tavmjdomare. mobrZandiT.
giorgi gvazava. (n. d.) am winadadebaSi meore nawili, me mgoni dRes
ar unda iyos dasmuli.
meore nawilSi laparakia gansakuTrebiT iseT sakiTxzed, romel
sac SeuZlian didi dava gamoiwvios, radganac es aris sakiTxi konsti
tucionuri, sakonstitucio sakiTxi, sakiTxi saxelmwifos warmomad
genlobis.
am sakiTxs exla ver davsvamT. Cven veTanxmebiT social-demokra
tiul fraqciis pirvel winadadebas im mxriv, rom arCeuli unda iyos
Tavmjdomare mTavrobisa, amiT gadavwyvitoT es sakiTxi dRes, da nu
davsvamT meore sakiTxs, romelic aris ufro Rrma, ufro rTuli,
ufro sadavo da gansakuTrebiT sakonstitucio. amitom winadadeba
Semomaqvs, es meore nawili winadadebisa moxsnili iyos da miviRoT mx
olod pirveli nawili.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekvuTvnis krebis wevrs go
beCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis
saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven ar viqnebiT winaaRmdegi social-demokra
tiuli fraqciis winadadebis pirveli nawilis dResve ganxilvisa.
Cven SesaZleblaT migvaCnia, rom dResve iqnes dasaxelebuli is piri,
romelic kabinets Seadgens, magram Cven winaaRmdeg viqnebiT, rom is
piri, romelsac unda miendos mTavrobis Sedgena, dResve aRiarebul
iqnes respublikis umaRles warmomadgenlaT, ese igi prezidentaT. re
spublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobis sakiTxi _ metaT seriozuli
36
sakiTxia, igi erTi ZiriTad sakonstitucio sakiTxTagania da amitom
moiTxovs seriozul ganxilvas. es ki SesaZlebelia sakonstitucio
komisiaSi, sadac sakiTxi yovelmxriv unda iqnes garkveuli da mxolod
Semdeg SeiZleba dasmul iqnes damfuZnebel krebis sxdomaze. respub
likaSi prezidentis Tanamdebobis daarsebis sakiTxi _ metad-sadavo
sakiTxia, is aucileblaT gamoiwvevs did kamaTs, rac dRes SeuZlebe
lia, radganac es sakiTxi jer ar ganuxilavs sakonstitucio komisias,
amitom Cveni fraqcia moiTxovs, rom meore nawili social-demokrati
ul fraqciis winadadebisa sruliad moixsnas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevr. sayvareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe (s. d.) batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
baton gvazavam ganacxada, rom kiTxva respublikis warmomadgenlobi
sa aris uaRresi konstitucionuri kiTxvao. me vambob; es marTalia,
magram TiTon kiTxva premieris daniSvnisa, TiTon mTavrobis organi
zaciis, misi struqturis kiTxva, _ igive konstitucionuri sakiTxi ar
aris? maSasadame Tavis Tavad es argumenti araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
aris sabuTi, rom movxsnaT meore nawili. meore mxriv, Cven ar gvesmis
SeniSvna damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa b. gobeCiasi TiTqos es warmo
madgenloba, raRac sxva ram iyos. gana premieri im saxelmwifoSi, sa
dac prezidenti, gansakuTrebuli piri ar aris warmomadgenlad, ar
warmoadgens am saxelmwifos? gana amden-xans Cveni pirveli premieri,
piradad batoni noe Jordania warmomadgeneli ar iyo mTeli Cveni re
spublikisa? gana igi ar iyo aRWurvili im uflebebiT, romliTac mas
SeeZlo respublikis mTavrobis saxeliT elaparakna yvela saxelmwifo
warmomadgenlebTan, Sinaur da sagareo cxovrebaSi, sagareo saer
TaSoriso urTierTobaSi? maSasadame es kiTxva Tavis Tavad aSkaraa,
rom warmomadgeneli am Cven respublikaSi premieri, premier-minis
tri, amave dros aris warmomadgeneli saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi
da Sinaur wyobilebaSi, mTeli respublikis. es Tavis Tavad cxadia.
Cven batonebo, vityodiT, ra Tqma unda sityvas, „prezidenti“, Segve
Zlo, Tavis Tavad cxadia, gveTqva is, rac aq iyo naTqvami, rom Cveni
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare aris amave dros warmomadgeneli, umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli mTeli Cveni respublikisa. Cven SegveZlo gveTqva
„prezidenti“ pirdapir magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom amas marTla See
Zlo didi dava gamoewvia TiTon prezidentis uflebaze. aris sxva da
sxva prezidenti misi sxva da sxva uflebebi, ai amitom Cven, am Jamad
amas vtovebT. konstitucionuri komisia iqneba arCeuli ueWvlad da
is cxadia imas uaRres yuradRebas miaqcevs. dRes raki es sadavoa da
amaved dros saWiroa rom Cvens prezidents, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares
hqondes aSkaraT gamoTqmuli uflebebi, aSkarad unda vTqvaT, rom
mas aqvs ufleba respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobisa es didaT
saWiroa, rogorc Sinaur cxovrebis, saerToSoriso urTierTobis
ganmtkicebisaTvis. saWiroa rom is piri, romelic aris mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare, premieri iyos Cveni respublikis umaRlesi warmomad
37
geneli. Cvens respublikaSi araviTari sxva umaRlesi Zala ar iqneba
garda damfuZnebel krebis, da mTavrobisa unda iyos aRniSnuli, rom
is aris imave dros umaRlesi warmomadgeneli Cveni respublikisa. aq
sadao araferia, faqtiurad es ase iyo politikur praqtikaSi da asec
iqneba. magram aucileblad saWiroa, rom iyos miRebuli damfuZnebeli
krebis mier _ rogorc gamoxatuloba Cveni survilisa, rom Cven gvy
vavs premier-ministri, romelic adgens mTavrobas, da is, imave dros,
aris warmomadgeneli, ara ubralo warmomadgeneli, aramed umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli Cveni republikisa. es aris aucilebeli da Cveni fraq
cia amas aRiarebs aucileblad, rom miiRos damfuZnebelma krebam.
konstitucionuri sakiTxi, rogorc es, ise sxva sakiTxebi, rogorc
konsitucionuri ZiriTadi uflebelis sakiTxi, SemuSavebuli iqneba
SemdegSi. exla ki Cven ai am formulas mxars uWerT da winadadebas va
ZlevT mTel krebas, rom miRebuli iqmnas erTxmaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili. (soc. fed.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! so
cial-federalistTa fraqciis saxeliT mec moviTxov, rom meore naw
ili im winadadebisa, romelic Semotanili iyo social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier, nu iqneba ganxiluli. marTalia damfuZnebel krebis
wevri sayvareliZe amtkicebs, rom aq axali araferia, rom uwinac,
rodesac vadgendiT mTavrobas, Tavmjdomare uaRresi da uzenaesi
warmomadgeneli iyoo. magram uwin, rodesac mTavrobas vadgendiT,
amisTana specialuri dadgenileba ar dagvWirebia. dRes, amas Tqven
xazs usvamT imitom, rom amiT gindaT SehqmnaT faqtiurad preceden
ti da rodesac dadgeba konstituciis sakiTxi, Tqven mza-mzareuli
faqti geqnebaT cxovrebaSi gatarebuli. amave dros Tqven winaswar
swyvetavT kiTxvas, saWiroa Tu ara demokratiul respublikisTvis
prezidenti da Tu saWiroa ra ufleba unda hqondes. Tqveni mosazre
ba, rom am uflebebze mere vilaparakebTo, marTali ar aris, imitom
rom SeiZleba gamoCndes, mimarTuleba, romelic TviT faqts preziden
tis arsebobisas uaryofs. amitom Semomaqvs winadadeba, rom es meore
sakiTxi gamovacalkeoT, radganac kiTxva respublikis uzenaes warmo
madgenelisa, Zalian seriozuli da marTla ZiriTadi konstitucio
nuri sakiTxia, da ase advilad faqtiurad precedentis SeqmniT nu ga
davwyvetT am sakiTxs.
Tavmjdomare. b. arseniZe.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno. me mitom, gam
ovedi xelmeored tribunaze, rom Zalian gamikvirda kamaTi, romelic
aRiZra am Cemis azriT, udao, sakiTxis garSemo. marTalia, saxelmwi
fos warmomadgeneli aris damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc erTi koleq
tiuri mTeli, magram Tu ggoniaT Tqven, rom imas SeuZlian, rogorc
mTels, gaxdes aRmasrulebeli Zala warmomadgeneli mTeli respub
likisa, unda mogaxsenoT, es iqneboda metad uxerxuli warmomadgen
loba. orSi erTi, an saxelmwifos unda yavdes Tavisi warmomadgene
38
li, iseTi piri, visTanac SeiZleba kaci mivides, vis Sesaxeb SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom faqtiurad is aris respublikis warmomadgeneli; Cven
SegviZlia mivandoT es warmomadgenloba an mTavrobas mTlianad,
an erT pirs. sxva gza ar aris. an unda avirCioT gansakuTrebuli
prezidenti, an unda mivandoT prezidentoba mTels kolegias; sxva
saxe, sxva forma warmomadgenlobisa istorias jer ar gamoumuSave
bia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu daviwyebT SemuSavebas, amas swrafad da
male ver movaswrebT. es erTi. meore, mogaxseneT ukve, rom dRes kon
stitucias ar vwerT. Cven gvinda praqtika miviRoT da is praqtika,
romelic dRemdis iyo, da romelmac dRemdis Tavis Tavad uvargisoba
ar gamoiCina, unda savargisad CaiTvalos, imitom rom aseT sistemis
dros arc erTi saministros krizisi ar yofila. es gaxlavT erTi
debuleba. meore mTavari debuleba gaxlavT is, romelzedac wina
sityvaSic mogaxseneT. aq unda iTqvas, rom faqtiurad Tavmjdomare
mTavrobisa iyo warmomadgeneli respublikisa, maSasadame es ufleba
faqtiurad TviT cxovrebiT, hqonda mas miniWebuli, parlamentisgan
ki ar iyo dadasturebuli. me ar minda, rom dRes vismes hqondes ufle
ba, romelic ar aris dadasturebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier. Cven
gvgonia, rom uzenaesi uflebebis matarebeli aris damfuZnebeli
kreba, yovel mTavrobis wevrs aqvs mxolod is ufleba, romelic dam
fuZnebel krebis mier mieniWeba, da ara aqvs araviTari ufleba, ro
melsac damfuZnebeli kreba mas ar mianWebs, me mgonia isic, rom suv
erenoba xalxisa gamoixata damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebSi, da yoveli
ufleba, yoveli aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo samosamarTleo da
sxva, ekuTvnis dRes damfuZnebel krebas, da misgan unda gamomdinare
obdes; yovel aRmasrulebel Zalas SeuZlia miiRos ufleba mxolod
damfuZnebel krebisagan. Tu is iTvisebs uflebas amis gareSe, is iqne
ba sakanonmdeblo uflebis uzurpacia da ar iqneba gamoxatva xalxis
nebisa, es iqneba, Tu gnebavT, brZola Sejax-Semojexeba.
da maSin miviRebT, rom damfuZnebel krebis gareSe faqtiurad
myardeba iseTi ufleba, romelic ar icis damfuZnebelma krebam me ar
minda, rom Seiqnas aseTi mdgomareoba, Tundac erTi saaTic da amitom
suverenobis gamomxatvels, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, Cven ueWvelad
unda mivceT is minimumi uflebisa, romelic faqtiurad eqneba mas, da
Tu Cven ar mivcemT im uflebas, romelic faqtiurad eqneba mas, es sa
sargeblo da gamosadegi ar iqneba Cven muSaobis nayofierebisaTvis.
Tqven gindaT, rom Cven prezidentis uflebaze vidaoT _ Zalian kargi;
vidavoT mxolod amazed Semdeg, rodesac konsitucionur muSaobas
SevudgebiT, magram warmomadgenlobas xom ver gaeqceviT, unda hyavdes
xom respublikas Tavis warmomadgenloba da amitom axla Cven vambobT,
warmomadgenloba mieces im mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, romelsac Cven
avirCevT. danarCeni kabineti ar iqneba arCeuli, is, visac Cven exla
avirCevT, mas eqneba es ufleba. rodesac vetyviT, rom es ufleba aRar
gaqvT-Tqo, cxadia, mas es ufleba aRar eqneba. es aris damfuZnebel kre
39
bis xelSi, es gamomdinareobs misgan. me minda es gatardes dRes, da ar
gadaidos sxva drosTvis. dava aq sruliad zedmetia. visac preziden
ti unda, an visac prezidenti ar unda, warmomadgenloba orives das
Wirdeba. visac unda rom mTavroba iyos, warmomadgenlobis matarebe
li, es sul sxva kiTxvaa.
da me vambob, es warmomadgenloba iseTi aucilebeli sagania, ro
melsac Cven gverds ver auxvevT erTi saaTiTac ki. amitom es ufleba
unda iqmnes dResve damtkicebuli, dResve miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. surs kidev vismes sityva aiRos, Tu ara? msurveli
aravin aris. maSasadame, gamoirkva Semdegi. erTi sakiTxi, me mgonia,
udavo aris _ is, rom winadadebas nawil-nawilad uyaro kenWi. es davas
ar iwvevs. amitom neba miboZeT kenWi uyaro pirvel nawils, erTxel
kidev mogagonebT. (kiTxulobs)... „saqarTvelos respublikis mTavro
bis Sesadgenad damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs erT pirs, romelic iqneba
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare.“
vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? erTxmad
aris miRebuli. meore nawilis Sesaxeb ori winadadeba aris. erTi _
rom sakiTxi dResve gadiWras. meore _ dRes nu gadiWreba es sakiTxi.
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre, rom dRes gadavWraT es sakiTxi? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? umravlesoba momxrea. maSasadame, es sakiTxi dRes gad
iWreba, formula aseTi aris. (kiTxulobs). „mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
aris imave dros umaRlesi warmomadgeneli respublikisa.“ sxva raime
winadadeba aris, Tu ara?
gvazava. Sesworeba SeiZleba?
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba? maS mobrZandiT.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) me winadadeba Semomaqvs am formulaSi
sityva umaRlesi mainc amoiSalos. darCes (sicili) warmomadgeneli
respublikisa. ukacravad, aq sasacilo araferi ar aris. (Tavmjdom
aris zari) aq damfuZnebeli krebaa da vlaparakob imas, rac saWiroa.
da rac Cem valdebulobas warmoadgens. umaRlesi saWiro ar aris,
vinaidgan umaRlesi warmomadgeneli da umaRlesi Zala exla mainc, am
momentSi aris damfuZnebeli kreba. Cven gvinda erTi kaci. es texnikur
saWiroebas Seadgens. radganac Cven varT 130-kaci, da Cven ar Segvi
Zlian warmomadgenloba gavwioT, amitom Cven gvinda erTi warmomad
geneli, es SeiZleba. amitom sityva umaRlesi warmomadgeneli CvenTvis
misaRebi ar aris. me Semomaqvs Sesworeba, rom umaRlesi amoiSalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevr pavle say
vareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe (s. d.) batonebo! batoni gvazava winadadebas
iZleva, rom amoiSalos sityva umaRlesi da davtovoT marto war
momadgeneli. es uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs, vinaidgan saxelmwifos,
respublikas, mravali warmomadgeneli hyavs, magram Cven gvinda gam
ovxatoT amiT erTi saxelmwifos meTauri, respublikis Tavi, „glava
gasudarstva“-s rom uZaxian. ar aris arc erTi respublika, arc erTi
40
monarqia, arc konstitucionuri arc parlamentaruli, romelsac
ar hyavdes meTauri, „glava gosudarstva“, rusulad rom vsTqvaT. ai
aseTi umaRlesi warmomadgeneli aucileblaT saWiro aris CvenTvis.
Tqven ambobT, rom umaRlesi warmomadgeneli saqarTvelosi damfuZne
beli kreba ariso. es marTali gaxlavT, magram damfuZnebel krebidan
gamodis is Zala, romelsac Cven vaniWebT Cvens warmomadgenlobas,
Cven umaRles warmomadgenlobas, romelic apirovnebs, rogorc aR
masrulebeli Zalis meTauri, umaRles warmomadgenlobas, apirovnebs
Cven suverenobas da amve dros pasuxis mgebelia damf. kreb. winaSe.
aq araviTari winaaRmdegoba ar aris, da me makvirvebs rom amisTana
marTla aSkara udavo sakiTxi, rom umaRlesi warmomadgeneli unda
hyavdes saxelmwifos, da unda hyavdes, sworeT aRmasrulebeli Za
lis saxiT, iwvevs kamaTs. vinaidan arsad ar aris iseTi praqtika, is
eTi weswyobileba, sadac umaRlesi warmomadgeneli, (глава государства)
iyos damfuZnebeli kreba, parlamenti an da mTeli mTavroba, rogorc
brZanebs federalistTa fraqciis warmomadgeneli, es SeuZlebelia,
es arsad ar gaxlavs.
ai aiReT uaRresi demokratiuli Sveicaria an amerikis SeerTebul
Statebi da amerikis sxva respublikebi, romelTac bolos da bolos
vgevarT (xma: umaRlesi) diax umaRlesi, amitom vlaparakob umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli unda iyos is piri, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba
miandobs premierobas da imave dros warmomadgenlobas Cven suv
erenul uflebisa, rogorc saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi, ise Sinaur
wyobilebaSi. Cven mxars uWerT, usaTuod unda darCes umaRlesi, uami
sod azri ikargeba. es umaRlesi aucileblad saWiroa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs kidev sityva? vin aris im Sesworebis mom
xre romelic Semoitana krebis wevrma gvazavam, rom sityva umaRlesi
amoiSalos. vin aris am Sesworebis momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
didi umetesoba winaaRmdegi aris. sxva raime Sesworeba ar aris. vin
aris momxre am rezoliuciis meore nawilisa? miRebulia. exla kenWs
uyri mTel rezoliucias. vin ari momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? es
rezoliucia miRebulia. aq rezoliuciaa erT pirze. rodis ganixi
lavT am sakiTxs? rodis gindaT airCioT mTavrobis Tavmjdomare? si
tyva ekuTvnis parlamentis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) me mgoni aseTi sakiTxis gadadeba saWiro ar
aris, radganac erTi mTavroba gadadga da es Cven miviReT. meore mTav
robis Casaxva exla unda moxdes. dResve aucileblad unda Caisaxos
es mTavari Zala, romelic warmosdgeba da Seadgens mTavrobas. Tu es
miRebuli iqneba maSin davasaxelebT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. gTxovT daasaxeloT.
r. arseniZe. social-demokratiul fraqciis mier mTavrobis Tavmj
domareT dasaxelebulia noe nikolozis Ze Jordania. (mxurvale taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sxva winadadeba da kandidatura xom ar aris? ma
Sasadame winadadeba aris, rom axali mTavrobis Sedgena miendos dam
41
fuZnebel krebis wevrs noe nikolozis Ze Jordanias. vin aris momxre
am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi. vin Seikava Tavi. es winadadeba
erT xmad aris miRebuli. (mxurvale taSi. n. Jordanias fexze adgomiT
miesalmebian).
Salva nucubiZe. (soc. fed.) Tavmjdomarem ver SegvamCnia ueWve
lad, amitom ganacxada, rom erT xmad iqmna arCeuli mTavrobis Tav
mjdomareo, vinaidan Cvenma fraqciam Tavidanve ganacxada, rom ar
miiRebs monawileobas kenWis yraSi, Tavis Tavad cxadia, mas xma arc
winaaRmdeg da arc momxreT ar miucia.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) Zveli mTavroba ukve gadadga, amitom axali
unda iqnes arCeuli. Tu am axali mTavrobis Sedgena evaleba erT pirs,
Cven principialuraT ara varT winaaRmdegi mTavrobis Sedgenis aseTi
sistemis, magram Cven winaaRmdegi varT, rom mTavrobis Semadgeneli
piri aRiarebul iqnas respublikis umaRles warmomadgenlaT, radga
nac aseTi dadgenileba, Cvenis azriT, winaswar swyvets metaT sadao
sakiTxs _ eyoleba saqarTvelos prezidenti Tu ara.
Cveni dRevandeli dadgenileba, rom Cveni pirveli ministri imave
dros aris respublikis warmomadgeneli, qmnis iseT precedents, rom
momavalSi damfuZnebel krebas advilaT SeuZlia _ da amisTvis sabu
Tic eqmneba _ am umaRles warmomadgenels uwodos prezidenti an Tu
gnebavT koroli. Cven ki winaaRmdegi varT korolis arCevis, Tu ginda
korolad TviT noe Jordania iyos dasaxelebuli.
amitom socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciam Tavi Seikava
winadadebis pirveli nawilis kenWis yris dros, xolo is winaaRmdeg
aZlevs xmas, rodesac kenWs uyrian winadadebis meore nawils.
Tavmjdomare. neba miboZeT gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze. Semdegi gax
lavT saxelmwifo kontrolioris moxseneba.
sityva ekuTvnis saxelmwifos kontroliors.
42
saxelmwifo kontrolioris kancelaria. yvela am dawesebulebebSi
360-mde moxele iricxeboda.
radgan aseTi Semadgenloba sakuTriv saqarTvelos kontrolisaT
vis metad didi iyo da mZime xarjs adebda xazinas, amitom me pirvel
rigSi dasaxelebul dawesebulebaTa Statebis Semoklebas Seudeqi, im
angariSiT ki, rom likvidaciis Semdeg datovebul moxeleT SesZlebo
daT, samsaxuris staJiT, SeedginaT gamocdil da kontrolis dargis
mcodne muSakTa jgufi.
amasTanave erTad miRebul iqna zomebi respublikis yvela im dawe
sebulebaTa registraciisaTvis, romelnic valdebulni arian kon
trols angariSi warmoudginon, raTa SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo Tvaly
uris devna sarevizio angariSebis Tavis drozed warmodgenisaTvis.
am garemoebis gamorkvevam cotad Tu bevrad cxad hyo saqarTvelos
momavali kontrolis samuSaos zoma da masTan is Semadgenloba, rome
lic saWiro unda yofiliyo mis wesierad moqmedebisaTvis.
amis Semdeg pirvel Cem sazrunav saqmed miviCnie gamorkveva da
SemuSaveba im safuZvelTa da debulebisa, romelzedac unda agebuli
yo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo kontrolis wyobileba da saxelmwifoe
brivi saqmianoba. es saqme saSuri iyo miT ufro, rom ruseTis kanonmde
bloba Sesaxeb saxelmwifo kontrolisa Cvens politikur wyobilebas
srulebiT ar Seefereboda.
ruseTSi kontroli, rogorc viciT, mTavrobis kontroli iyo da
ara saxelmwifo saTaTbirosi. saTaTbiro ramdenime wlis ganmavloba
Si cdilobda es kontroli mis organod gardaeqmna. magram amas sastik
winaaRmdegobas uwevda mTavroba, romlis SemadgenlobaSi saxelm
wifo kontrolioric Sedioda, rogorc kabinetis wevri. saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros zedamxedvelobis qveS iyo mxolod saxelmwifo kontro
lis angariSi, saxelmwifo xarjTaRricxvis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, ma
gram es angariSi ar warmoadgenda saxelmwifos Semosaval-gasavlis
arsebiTad reviziis Sedegs da aRniSnavda, ramdenad kanonieri da
wesieri iyo aRmasrulebeli Zalis moqmedeba saxelmwifo meurneobis
marTva-gamgeobaSi. es angariSi iyo arsebiTad sakaso angariSi Tanx
aTa trialisa saxazino kasebSi da sabalanso Tavmoyra saxelmwifo
biujetisa.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom respublikis kontrols ar Seefereboda
aseTi ganwyobileba sakanonmdeblo organosadmi, romelic gadamwyve
ti msajulia misi, Tu ramdenad wesierad an uwesod aris Sesrulebu
li biujeti. eWvs gareSea, saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSi
kontroli unda yofiliyo organo sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebisa da
sruliad damoukidebeli mTavrobisagan. es ZiriTadi azri ukve miRe
buli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis mier saxelmwifo kontrolior
is Tanamdebobis dawesebis dros da igi me miviCnie saxelmZRvanelod,
rodesac kontrolis wyobilebisa da debulebis proeqtis SemuSave
bas Seudeqi.
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ruseTis kanoni kontrolis debulebis mxrivac ar Seeferebo
da Cvens mdgomareobas aucileblad saWiro iyo, rom saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kontrolis agebuleba Sefardeboda Cvens mdgomareobas,
aucileblad saWiro iyo, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv wyo
bilebas, mis sidiades da finansiur mdgomareobas. amitom kontrolis
centraluri meqanizmi da misi adgilobrivi nawilebi saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kontrolSi unda SeduRebuliyvnen erT erTeulSi saqa
rTvelos respublikis saxelwodebiT. magram ise ki, rom kontrolis
amgvar gaerTianebas, rasakvirvelia, xeli ar unda SeeSala, saWiroe
bis mixedviT, patara sakontrolo nawilis gamoyofisaTvis, raTa sa
kontrolo aparati SeZlebisadagvarad daaxlovebuli yofiliyo
adgilobriv aRmasrulebeli Zalis ganmkargulebel organoebTan.
igive ruseTis kanoni kontrolis samoqmedo asparezis sifarTis
mxrivac ar Seefereboda Cvens saWiroebas. saqme imaSia, rom ruseT
Si kontroli umTavresad Semdgomi reviziis mwarmoebeli iyo da
mxolod saxelmwifo meurneobis zogierT dargSi masTan erTad as
rulebda winaswarsa da faqtiur kontrols. me ki, Tanaxmad dawin
aurebeul qveynebis magaliTisa, mizanSewonilad vscani Semedgina
proeqti srulis kontrolis dawesebisa, romelmac unda awarmoos
rogorc Semdgomi, agreTve winaswari da faqtiuri revizia, _ yovel
SemTxvevaSi ufro msxvil xarjebisaTvis mainc, rogorc, magaliTad,
sameurneo-saoperacio, dasamzadebeli, saaRmSeneblo da sxva.
xsenebul safuZvelze agebuli da vrclad SemuSavebuli „saxel
mwifo kontrolis debuleba“, misi Statebi „reviziis wesdeba“, ro
melSiac dawvrilebiT aRnusxuli iyo mdgomareoba, agebuleba, xa
siaTi, ufleba da movaleobani saxelmwifo kontrolisa da misi da
angariS-valdebul dawesebulebaTa da pirTa urTierTSorisi damok
idebuleba, warsuli wlis seqtembris 25-s warvudgine parlaments,
romlis mier damtkicebul iqmna mcire cvlilebebiT, dekembris 6-s da
Tanaxmad kanonisa, imave Tvis 28-s ZalaSi Sevida.
mxolod amis Semdeg SemeZlo me Sevsdgomodi kontrolis or
ganizacias da misi moqmedebis ganxorcielebas garkveuli kanonis
safuZveliT. TavisTavad cxadia, rom aseTi mokle xnis ganmavloba
Si Statis Sevseba SeuZlebeli iyo. erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi (1 Te
bervlamde) mainc moxerxda dawesebul Statis 2/2-mdis ayvana moxele
Ta raodenobisa.
Tumca pirvel xanebSi Zvel sakontrolo dawesebulebaTa likvi
daciis saqmesa da xsenebul kanon-proeqtebis SemuSavebaSi viyavi
garTuli, magram imave dros Cemi sazrunveli iyo kontrolis dawe
sebulebaTa faqtiuri gaerTianeba. am mizniT yvela es dawesebule
bani oqtombris 1-isaTvis kanon-proeqtis navaraudev gegmisamebr
SeerTebul da moTavsebul iqnen erT SenobaSi, ramac gaadvila saqmis
saerTo xelmZRvaneloba. masTan erTad SevimuSave gaerTianebuli
kontrolis moqmedebis gegma, romlis ZiriTadi safuZveli im pro
44
gramaze iyo damyarebuli, romelsac gvikarnaxebda saxelmwifo meur
neobis mdgomareoba da gadametebuli, mouwesrigebli zrda saxelm
wifo xarjebisa, masTan raime sabiujeto sistemis uqonloba. saqmis
mdgomareobis namdvili suraTi rom gadaSliliyo, kontrolisaTvis
saWiro Seiqmna: 1) gamoerkvia, ra kreditis mqone arian sxva da sxva
angariSvaldebulni dawesebulebani da pirni. 2) faqtiurad gascno
boda zogierT ufro msxvil sameurneo operaciebis warmoebas mainc
da 3) mieRwia sabiujeto angariS-warmoebis saqmis wesierad dayenebi
saTvis, saTanado angariSebis aucilebliv kontrolSi warmodgeniT.
aseTi gegmis mTlianad Sesruleba metad mZime iyo, rogorc xalxis
uyolobis gamo, agreTve imitom, rom bevri saxelmwifo dawesebuleba
ni jer kidev ar Camoyalibebulan, gardamavali xanis gansakuTrebul
Tvisebaze da saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobis droebiT moTxovnile
baze, rom ara vsTqvaT-ra. miuxedavaT amisa, im azriT gamsWvalulma,
rom am aRmSeneblobisaTvis SesaZloa Semweoba aRmoeCina, kontrol
ma yovelive RonisZieba ixmara, raTa misi cnobani mTavrobas gamoey
enebia saxelmwifosa da xazinis interesisaTvis.
jer saxelmwifo biujetis Sedgenis Sesaxeb unda mogaxsenoT,
rom kontroli garda imisa, rom amis Sesaxeb Tavis droze mTavroba
sac mimarTa moxsenebiT da safinanso komisiaSic aRZra ramdenjerme
es sakiTxi, mraval gziT cdilobda am saqmis asrulebis daCqareba ga
moewvia. da mgonia, SemiZlian vTqva, rom Tu dRes Cveni biujetis Sed
genis saqme win waweulia im mxriv rom xarjTaRricxvaTa umravlesoba
Sedgenilia _ romelTac, unda gvaxsovdes, didi, friadi didi Semok
leba da Semcireba esaWiroebaT, _ amaSi kontrols, misi sasayvedurod
gamxdar ulmobelobis wyalobiT, cotaTi wili udevs.
iyo ramdenime imis maCvenebeli garemoeba, rom sxva da sxva dawe
sebulebani aRar uweven angariSs saxarjTaRricxvo da sakaso wesebs,
rom Semosavali TiTqmis aRar Sedis xazinaSi, rom bevri xarjTam
krefni xarjaven maT xelSi Semosul Tanxebs Tavis sammarTveloTa
Sesanaxad da sxva da sxva sameurneo saWiroebaze, kontrolis winaSe
anagariS warudgenlad, da rom sameurneo dargSi muSaoba araa Sefar
debul-SeTanxmebuli xazinis interesebTan, ris gamo kontrolma pir
vel rigSi tfilisis xazinis sakaso-sabuxhaltero angariS-warmoebis
faqtiuri mimoxilva moaxdina.
saangariSo sakredito nawilis mimoxilvis Semdeg saxelmwifo
kontroli sxva da sxva ufro TvalsaCino sameurneo dargTa faqti
ur Semowmebas Seudga, SemdegSi ganagrZobda da exlac ganagrZobs mis
Sesrulebas sxva da sxva calke SemTxvevebSiac.
pirvel rigSi faqtiurad Semowmebul iqmnen: 1) yofil sasursaTo
saministros dawesebulebani _ tfilisSi; 2) miwad-moqmedebis saminis
tros dawesebulebani _ tfilisSi, borjomSi da kaxeTSi; 3) momarage
bis komitetis dawesebulebani tfilisSi da quTaisSi. Semdeg xdeboda
da xdeba faqtiuri revizia rk. gzisa, centralur sasursaTo sabWos
45
operaciebisa, samxedro saministros da saxalxo gvardiis sxva da sxva
dawesebulebaTa, agreTve calke samxedro nawilebisa, maT Soris imaT
ic, romelnic brZolis velze imyofebodnen.
samwuxarod, ver vityvi, rom romelime dawesebulebaSi yvelaferi
wesierad aRmoCeniliyos. mxolod zogierT maTganSi aRmoCenili uwe
soeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT droTa viTarebis aucilebel Sedegad, ma
gram danarCenebSi ki kontroli Sexvda angariSebis areul-dareul,
uTavbolo mdgomareobas xSirad maT srul uwarmoeblobasac, fulsa
da saqonlis uweso xarjvas da aSkara borotmoqmedebasac. sxva dawe
sebulebebSi faqtiurma reviziam gamoamJaRavna iseTi nakli da urigo
ba, romelic mowmobda an saqmis sazaralod mimarTvas, an saxelmwifo
meurneobis saxifaTo, unugeSo mdgomareobas.
saqarTvelos uzenaes krebas amJamad bevri pirvelxarisxovani sa
Suri saqme aqvs gasakeTebeli da amitom ver vbedav aq misi yuradRe
ba SevaCero im uwesobisa da borotmoqmedebis kerZo SemTxvevebze, an
imaze, Tu ra iRona kontrolma imaT gamo. zogi ram imaTgan, naTqvamis
konkret magaliTebiT dasasabuTeblad, aRnusxulia vrcels werilo
biT moxsenebaSi, romelTac aqve warmovadgen.
faqtiuri reviziiTa da sxva sakontrolo cnobebiT saxelmwifo
kontroli darwmunda, rom am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa uwinares yovlisa
mtkice zomebi sabiujeto sistemis mosawesrigeblad. erT aseT zomad
man miiCnia yvela uwyebaTa xarjebis winaswari revizia.
1917 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT ruseTis droebiTi mTavro
bisa saxelmwifo kontroliors ufleba hqonda miniWebuli, sadac da
rodesac igi saWirod dainaxavda, mudmivi winaswari kontroli daew
esebia. Tanaxmad am kanonisa, me gadavwyvite SemomeRo winaswari kon
troli gasul wlis 9 noembridan yvela xarjebisaTvis, romlebsac ax
denen saministroni da tfilisSi arsebuli mTavrobis marTvelobani,
dawesebulebani da saxelosnoebi. es kanonieri gadawyvetileba vac
nobe mTavrobas da yvela saministroebs da Sevatyobine, rom amis Sem
deg arc erTi asignoba xazinisa da arc erTi moTxovna fulisa bankebis
saxelze ar iqneba ganaRdebuli, ukeTu am dokumentebs ar eqneba grifi
saxelmwifo kontrolisa meTqi.
me ar veWvobdi aseTi rTulisa d axali saqmis siZneleSi; ar veWvob
di imaSic, rom kontroli ver aicdenda uwyebebis mxriT sayvedurebs,
TiTqos winaswari revizia aferxebs saqmes, agvianebs gardaxdas da sx.
magram miuxedavad amisa, kontroli mainc Seudga winaswari reviziis
ganxorcielebas da xsenebul ricxvidan mokidebuli es revizia swar
moebs, TumcaRa kontrolis moxeleebs uxdebaT muSaoba araCveule
briv pirobebSi, _ saCqarod da mraval ricxovan mTxovnelebisa, kerZo
pirTa da dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureTa mudmivi ieriSebis qveS, ro
melnic, xSirad muqariTac ki, moiTxoven „dauyovnebliv“ kontrolis
mier damtkicebas asignobisas, miuxedavad imisa, aris amisaTvis saW
iro sabuTi da safuZveli Tu ara.
46
winaswari reviziis cdam mogvca swored is Sedegebi, romelTaTvis
zrunavda kontroli. daaxlovebiT Tvis ganmavlobaSi (9 noembridan 1
Tebervlamde) Semovida sawinaswarreviziod yvela uwyebebidan (gar
da rkinis gzisa, romelzedac exlave calke mogaxsenebT) 5942 asignoba
saerTo jamiT 93.550.525 man. 63 kap., romelTagan samxedro gvardiis
Stabs uwevs. 55.719.813 man. 35 kap. am Tanxidan miCneulia swored da
damtkicebulia 20.413.063 man. 53 kap, gadadebulia Semdgomi revizii
saTvis 70.82.731 man. 87 kap. da daumtkicebelia 3.052.730 m. 22 kap. es
ukanaskneli Tanxa (3 milioni), maSasadame, kontrolis daumtkiceblo
bis mizeziT ar iqmna gamowerili dasaxarjavad da darCa xazinaSi.
70.082.731 man. 87 kap. xarji gadadebul iqmna Semdgomi revizii
saTvis umTavresad imitom, rom ufro didi nawili gamoTxovili iyo
avansis saxiT (samxedro uwyebisa da saxalxo gvardiisaTvis), xolo
avansi sazogadod unda gamarTlebul iqmnes mxolod Semdeg misi
daxarjvisa. ara mcire nawili aRniSnuli xarjisa gacemulia. sxva
da sxva SemTxvevis gamo, im dawesebulebaTaTvis, romelTa Stati sab
olood kidev ar iyo SemuSavebuli da damtkicebuli; xandaxan xsen
ebuli Statebi mTavrobis mierac-ki ar iyo damtkicebuli. yvela am
SemTxvevebSi kontrolma SeuZleblad scno xarjebis winaaRmdeg pro
testi ganecxadebia, vinaidan es SeaCerebda mTavrobisaTvis saWiro
organizaciebisa da mTel dawesebulebaTa moqmedebas. magram, amt
kicebda ra aseT xarjebs pirobiT, saxelmwifo kontroli daJinebiT
moiTxovda uwyebaTagan, rom maT daeCqarebiaT Statebis SemuSaveba
da dasamtkiceblad wardgena, rac maT umravles SemTxvevaSi kidevac
Seasrules.
xolo rac Seexeba dasaxarjavad ganzraxul jamis (3.052.730 man. 22
kap.) daumtkiceblobis mizezebs, aseTebi mravalnairi iyo. magaliT
ad iyo ariTmetikuli Secdoma gamoangariSebaSi, ar iyo sabuTi, rom
liTac SesaZlebeli yofiliyo ama Tu im fulis moTxovnis sisworis
damtkiceba, ar iyo gamarTlebuli wineT micemuli avansi, srulebiT
ar iyo mTavrobis mier nebadarTuli krediti da sx.; xandaxan mizezi
iyo xazinisadmi pretenziis cxadi ukanonobac.
didi nawili gadarCenili anu dazogvili xarjebisa uwevs mTav
robis erTi dawesebulebis angariSebis gasworebas meoresTan, rode
sac ganzraxuli iyo fuli gadaetanaT kerZo kasebSi imis magivrad,
rom fuli Setanili yofiliyo xazinaSi da Caricxuliyo xazinis Se
mosavlad, rogorc amas moiTxovs kanoni, vinaidan es fuli gayidul
saxazino saqonelsa da qonebaSi iyo aRebuli.
winaswarma reviziam garda imisa, rom gadaarCina amdeni Tanxa
usworo da ukanono daxarjvas, gadagvadgmevina sruliad gansaz
Rvruli nabiji dawesebulebaTa mravalricxovan mimdinare angariS
Ta gadasasinjavad, mraval maTganis dasaxuravad, xazinaSi sakredi
to angariS-warmoebis mosawesrigeblad da dasasrul _ xeli Seuwyo
Statebis Sedgenisa daCqarebas uwyebaTa dawesebulebebSi.
47
winaswari reviziis fargalSi Sedis agreTve ganxilva: sxva da sxva
gvari sameurneo-saoperacio gegmebisa, xelSekrulebaTa (xazinisaT
vis saWiro masalebis motanis Sesaxeb), dasamzadebel saqonlis fasebi
sa, xarjTaaRricxvis zedmet kreditebisa da Semweobisa dawesebule
bebsa da calke pirebisaTvis misacemad, xazinis gasacemisa winandel
valdebulebis gasasworeblad, da bolos ganxilva uwyebaTa Statebi
sa da xarjTaaRricxvis proeqtebisa. calke SekiTxvebi da momarTvani
mTavrobis dawesebulebaTa, am gvari SemTxvevebis gamo, Semovida kon
trolSi mTeli saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi 300. ganxilul sakiTx
Ta an SuamdgomlobaTa udidesi nawili gaSvebuli iqmna kontrolis
mier pirobiT, e.i. jamis SekveciT da misi mxriT wardgenil iqmna sawi
naaRmdego pasuxi da SeniSvnebi _ zogi xazinisadmi pretenziebisa da
moTxovnaTa da dausabuTeblobis gamo, zogi am moTxovnaTa siWarbis
gamo da xandaxan ki mxolod imitom, rom gamoangariSebaSi Secdoma
iyo daSvebuli. amgvarad winaswaris wesiT ganxiluli SemTxvevebis
saboloo Sedegi gamoixata imaSi, rom xazinis xarjebi Semcirebul
iqmmna 7 milioni maneTiT.
dasasrul oriode sityva rkinis gzis operaciebis Sesaxeb.
saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi kontrolis sawinaswar sare
viziod Semovida 3.283 asignoba _ 80.271. 831 m. 12 kap. am saerTo jamidan
gamoricxul iqna kontrolis winaswari reviziis Semdeg, asignobebis
mospobiT an asignobebSi gasacemad daniSnuli Tanxebis SemcirebiT,
sul 406. 273 man. 2 kap. danarCeni jamidan (79. 865. 558 man 10 k.) 1919
w. 1 TebervlisaTvis damtkicebulia 50. 602. 131 m. 25 k., gadadebulia
Semdgomi reviziisaTvis 15.411. 320 m. 25 kap. da daumtkicebelia e. i.
uaryofilia 12.852.105 m. 89 kap.
Semdgomi reviziisTvis gadadeba gamowveuli iyo umTavresad
gzaTa mosamsaxureebis damatebiTi dajildovebis xarjebiT, rome
lic swarmoebda saeqsploatacio kreditidan da unda dafaruliyo
Sesaferis wyaroebidan, agreTve imiT, rom xarjebis umravlesoba sas
wrafod iyo moTxovnili da yvelas ganxilva winaswar reviziis dros
SeuZlebeli xdeboda da kontroli iZulebuli iyo, nawili xarjebisa
Semdgomi dokumentaluri reviziis droisaTvis gadaedo.
xolo rac Seexeba asignobaTa daumtkiceblobas, mizezi Sem
degSi mdgomareobda: reviziis dros aRmoCnda gasacem fulis zed
meti gamoangariSeba xarjebis gadatana ara saTanado wyaroze an
maTTvis Tavisufal kreditis uqonloba; agreTve zedmeti xarjebi
eqsploataciisa da am xarjebis dasafaravad kreditebis ara Tavis
drozed gaxsna.
faqtiuri reviziiT gasinjul iqmna 41 sadguri da 507 matarebeli.
sadgurebze aRmoCnda, rom Semosavali yvela ar iyo daniSnulebisame
br Setanili, xolo matareblis reviziis dros aRmoCndnen mravali
ubileTo mgzavrebi. orive SemTxvevaSi kontrolis moTxovniT gadax
dili da Setanil iqna xazinaSi 11,000 man. garda amisa SemosavalTa
48
Semdgomi reviziis wyalobiT Seenaxa xazinas 16.972 man. 57 kap. Semo
savali, xolo sul erTad 28.000 man. sadgurebis reviziis dros aRmo
Cenil iqna usargeblod gaCerebuli datvirTuli vagonebi, sadguris
sawyobebSi bargi da amanaTebi ara saTanado dokumentebiT da sxva.
rkinis gzis marTvelobis sxva da sxva ganyofilebaTa saqmiswar
moebis reviziam aRmoaCina misi sruli arev-dareva da uwesrigoba,
romelic aris Sedegi, erTis mxriT mosamsaxureTa mier Tavis movale
obis asrulebis ucodinarobisa, xolo meores mxriT maTi Sromis nay
ofierebis dacemisa.
mTavari buhalteriis saSemosaval-gasavalo operaciebisa da naR
di fulis moulodnelma faqtiurma reviziam didi defeqtebi aRmoa
Cina, maT Soris borot-moqmedebac.
amas garda kontrolis mier daniSnul iqna rkinis gzis yvela
saqonlis sawyobebis sruli faqtiuri revizia. es revizia jer ar ga
Tavebula, magram man ukve aRmoaCina davTrebSi Seutaneli sxva da sxva
masalebi ramodenime milion maneTisa.
xsenebuli qoneba axla SeaqvT davTrebSi, kontrolis moTxov
nilebiT. amave reviziam aRmoaCina agreTve did fulad Rirebuli sxva
da sxva saqonlis danaklisi.
saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi kontrolis warmomadgeneli
monawileobas iRebda rkinis gzis marTvelobis sabWos sxdomaze sad
ac ganxilul iqna sul 965 moxseneba.
kontrolis protestebsa da SeniSvnebs is Sedegi mohyva, rom 1918
wlis xarjT-aRricxvaSi pirad Semadgenlobis Sesanaxad da sxva da
sxva samuSaosTvis navaraudevi gasavali amoSlil da Semcirebul iq
mna _ 2.700.000 maneTiT, xolo 1919 w. xarjTaRricvxaSi – 15 1/2 milion
maneTiT.
es aris umTavresi mxareebi da Sedegni saxelmwifo kontrolis
moqmedebisa. Tumca kontrols safuZveli Cayrili aqvs, magram ar Sem
iZlian vTqva, rom misi organizacia dasrulebuli da saqmeebis mowyo
ba yovel-mxriv damTavrebul iyos. mTavari Sesasrulebeli morigi
saqmea mudmivi winaswari da faqtiuri reviziis mowyoba saxelmwifos
sxva da sxva adgilebSi, _ tfiliss gared. am saqmis jerjerobiT mTa
var damabrkolebel mizezs mcodne da gamocdil moxeleTa nakleboba
Seadgens.
am nairad, moqmedeba Cemi da moRvaweoba Cemdami rwmunebul saxelm
wifo kontrolisa saangariSo dros ganmavlobaSi gamoixata SemdegSi:
1) gatarebulia kontrolis reforma, Cveni saxelmwifos moTxov
nilebasTan Sefardebuli, raica gamoixata 1918 w. 6 dekembris kanonSi.
2) miRebulia zomebi saxelmwifos angariS-warmoebis an angariS
Ta warmodgenis sistemis mosawesrigeblad da angariSebis sareviziod
warsadgenad, dawyebulia agreTve maTi Semowmebac.
3) gamokvleulia mravali dargi saxelmwifo meurneobisa, sad
ac aRmoCenilia arev-dareva, uTvalyuroba da borot-moqmedeba, ris
49
Sesaxeb Tavis dros ukve moxsenda saTanado uwyebaTa, mTavrobas saW
iro zomebis misaRebad.
da 4) winaswari reviziiT, agreTve xazinisadmi wardgenil moT
xovnilebaTa ganxilviT da faqtiuri reviziiT acilebulia usworo,
udrovo an mizanSeuwoneli saerTo jamiT 32 milion maneTzed meti.
me TviTon vici, rom moxsenebuli Sedegebi didi araa, magram im
garemoebaSi, romelSiac Cven vcxovrobT, Cemi patara Zal-Rone da
didi mecadineoba, samwuxarod, mets ver gaswvda.
movaxseneb-ra yvela amas saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas, rome
lic amieridan uzenaesi patroni da gamgebelia saxelmwifos yvela
dargisa da maT Soris kontrolisac, aqve warmovadgen Cemi, viTarca
saxelmwifo kontrolioris, Tanamdebobidan gadadgomis qaRalds da
suliT da guliT vinatri, vimedovneb da moveli rom es uzenaesi Za
la-uflebisa da avtoritetis patroni kreba saxelmwifo kontrolis
mowyobis saqmesac iseT simaRleze aiyvans da ganamtkicebs, rogorc es
Cveni saxelmwifos moTxovnilebas Seefereba.
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiis fraqcia iZleva Semdeg wina
dadebas. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs) „Sewynarebul iqnes saxelmwifo kontralio
ris gancxadeba misi gadadgomis Sesaxeb. damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs
imave saxelmwifo kontraliors ganagrZos muSaoba axal saxelmwifo
kontralioris arCevamde“.
sxva winadadeba xom ar aris? maSasadame kenWs vuyri. vin aris wi
naaRmdeg am winadadebisa? vin aris momxre? vin Seikava Tavi? maSa
sadame, erTxmad aris miRebuli. Semdeg Cven unda SeudgeT komisiis
arCevnebs. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? gTxovT waikiTxoT.
50
me mogaxsenebT axalcixis mazraze,
yvelas mogexsenebaT, ra moxda axalcixis mazraSi. amitom so
cial-demokratiis fraqcias saWirod mieCnia, rom dResve pirvel
krebis dros, am mxares miaqcios damfuZnebel krebam ueWvelad yur
adReba da arCeuli iqmnas gansakuTrebuli komisia, am mdgomareobis
gamosarkvevlad, da saWiro zomebis misaRebad. me mgonia rom es iseTi
gasagebia da yvelasaTvis misaRebia, rom met dasabuTebas ar moiTxovs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb? msurveli
aravin aris. maSasadame, winadadeba moismineT Tqven da me kenWs uyri.
(gvazava: romeli winadadebas?) ukacravad me kenWs uyri im winadade
bas, romlis Sesaxeb b. eliavam fraqciis davalebiT mogaxsenaT. saman
dato komisiis Sesaxeb Semdeg iqneba moxsenebuli. winadadeba aris,
rom axalcixis mazraSi mdgomareobis gamosarkvevlad damfuZnebel
krebam gamoarCios Tavis wridan komisia, da daavalos iq wasvla da
saqmis gamoZieba. surs vismes sxva winadadebis Semotana? msurveli ar
avin aris. vin aris momxre am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRmdeg? erT
xmad aris miRebuli.
ramdeni kacidan unda Sesdges es komisia? (arseniZe: samidan!) ara
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom sami kaci iyos arCeuli? winaaRmdeg aravin
aris. gTxovT daasaxeloT kandidatebi.
nikoloz eliava (s. d) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs or kandidats: ma
med oRlis da anjafariZes.
Tavmjdomare. mamed-oRli ar aris, aris mamedovi.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs petre surgulaZes.
Salva nucubiZe (s. f.) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs samson fircxalavas.
Tavmjdomare. kidev aris Tu ara? maSasadame dasaxelebuli gax
lavT oTxi piri: mamedovi, anjafariZe, petre surgulaZe da samson
fircxalava (gvazava: oTxi iyos!)
raJden arseniZe. Cven winadadebas viZleviT miviRoT oTxive aq
warmodgenili kandidati.
Tavmjdomare. kreba ar aris winaaRmdegi imisa, rom amoirCios
samis magivrad oTxi kaci? maSasadame erT xmad arian arCeulni oTxi
kaci. (eliava: dauyovnebliv unda wavidnen.)
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT samandanto komisiis arCeva. gamosarkvevi
aris sakiTxi, Tu ramdeni kacisagan gsurT, rom iyos es komisia Semd
gari. (xmauroba) gTxovT kerZo laparaks Tavi daaneboT. sityva ekuT
vnis cincaZes.
51
Tavmjdomare. diax, 7-wevridan, winadadeba gaxlavs aseTi: rom sa
mandanto komisia Sesdgebodes 7 kacisgan.
vin aris winaaRmdegi. maSasadame komisia gaxlavT 7-d wevriani.
social-demokratiuli fraqcia asaxelebs Semdeg wevrebs _ (kiTxu
lobs.) grigol urataZe, ivane WavWaniZe, Tevdore kikvaZe, gabriel
ciskariSvili. gTxovT sxva fraqciebs daasaxelon. sityva ekuTvnis
krebis wevrs gvazavas.
gvazava. (er. dem.) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs aleqsandre asaTians.
Tavmjdomare. diax, mexuTe, gaxlavT asaTiani. sxva fraqciebs, vis
surT daasaxelon? (xma federalistebis mxridan: osiko baraTaSvi
li.) umorCilesad gTxovT aq mobrZandeT. marTalia reglamenti jer
ar gvaqvs miRebuli magram me piradad mgonia, rom Zveli reglamenti
unda darCes ZalaSi, da unda vixelmZRvaneloT imiT, sanam axali ar
migviRia. baraTaSvili aris dasaxelebuli meeqvseT.
ivane gobeCia. Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs gigo naTaZes.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame dasaxelebuli gaxlavT Semdegi pir
ni: soc.dem. fraqciis mxridan: grigol urataZe, ivane WavWaniZe, Te
vdore kikvaZe, gabriel ciskaraSvili, soc.revol. _ grigol naTaZe,
erovnul demokratebis mxridan _ aleqsandre asaTiani. neba miboZeT
kenWi uyaro. vin aris winaaRmdeg? es komisia erT xmaT aris arCeuli.
Semdeg, auarebeli werilebi da depeSebi, aris mosuli damfuZnebel
krebis saxelze. ar vici Tqven rogor moisurvebT, magram me piradad,
da mdivans gvgonia, am Jamad marto or wevrs prezidiumisas, saWirod
migvaCnia ramdenime mniSvnelovani da sayuradRebo depeSebi wavikiT
xoT da danarCenebi gadavceT presas. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
aderbeijanis parlamentisagan.
52
и другихъ народов Кавказа лишь въ нацiонально-территорiальной независимости
видящихъ свое нацiональное счастье.
Одухотворенныя искренней любовью и взаимнымъ уваженiемъ правъ другъ
друга, независимыя государственныя образованiя Кавказа сумѣютъ безболѣзненно
разрѣшать всякiя внутреннiя вопросы какъ бы они остро не стояли. Азербежданскiй
парламентъ шлетъ горячiя пожеланiя благодѣнствiя Грузiя въ лицѣ лушчихъ ея
сыновъ призванныхъ разрѣшать иногосложныя задачи и убежденъ что сѣмья
Кавказскихъ народовъ съумѣетъ всегда съ честью отстоять дорогой Кавказъ отъ
посягательствъ всякихъ черных силъ.
Предсѣдатель Парламента Агаевъ.
(damfuZnebeli kreba milocvas taSiT egebeba)
somxeTis mTavrobisgan.
somxeTis sabWosgan.
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saqarTvelos mahmadianTa erovnul sabWosagan.
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Tavmjdomare. sxva depeSebi aris sxva da sxva kuTxebidan mosu
li, da Tanaxmad Tqveni gadawyvetilebisa, gadavcemT presas. me mgo
nia gamovTqvam krebis survils, Tu ki im ucxo saxelmwifoebs, vinc
Cven mogviloca samadlobo depeSebs gaugzavniT. (xmebi: gTxovT!) sxva
sakiTxi dRiur wesrigSi aRar aris. me mgonia, rom erTi sakiTxi unda
gadavWraT. rodis moisurvebT Semdeg krebas. (arseniZe: samSabaTs!)
ramden saaTze? (arseniZe: 12-ze) umorCilesad gTxovT, srul 12-saaTze
mobrZandeT, imitom rom krebas swored 12-ze gavxsni. krebas vxurav.
ukacravad, dRes saxelmwifo TeatrSi iqneba sazeimo saRamo dam
fuZnebel krebis wevrebisTvis.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.
55
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
mesame sxdoma
57
3) daeniSnos damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gasamrjelod 1,500 man.
Tviurad.
4) aravis ar aqvs ufleba aiRos jamagiri erT da imave dros dam
fuZnebel krebidan da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebidan, an adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobebidan.
5) yoveli wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa, romelic pirvel muxlSi
aRniSnul dawesebulebebSi msaxurebs, valdebulia erTi Tvis ganmav
lobaSi dRidan kanonis miRebisa, warmoadginos sabuTi imisa, rom man
SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is dam
fuZnebel krebis wevraT ar CaiTvleba da mis adgils Semdegi kandida
ti daiWers.
Tavmjdomare. mdivanma mogaxsenaT dRiuri wes-rigi da agreTve
sakanonmdeblo winadadeba, romelic Semoitana social-demokrati
ulma fraqciam.
jer dRiuri wes-rigis Sesaxeb surs Tu ara vinmes Tavisi azri
gamosTqvas? msurveli aravin gaxlavT. neba miboZeT dRiuri wesrigi
miRebulad CavTvalo.
axla sakanonmdeblo winadadebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva? sityva
ekuTvnis damfuZebeli krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) SeiZleba es winadadeba gadavceT dasamuSave
blad komisiaSi. Cven Sesaferisad migvaCnia gadaeces safinanso da sa
konstitucio komisiebs, vinaidan am winadadebas aqvs finansiuri da
erT gvari sakonstitucio xasiaTi. maSasadame gadavceT or komisias,
romelTac dRes amovirCevT.
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdegi aravin aris, rom es sakanonmdeblo
winadadeba gadaeces safinanso da sakonstitucio komisias? vis surs
sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame es winadadeba miRebulia da ga
daecema safinanso komisias.
exla mdivani mogaxsenebT saboloo teqsts dekretisas. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs).
dekreti #1
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Semdegi sakiTxi _ prezidiumis wevrebis arCevaa. vin aris msurve
li sityva aiRos? sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs S. mes
xiSvils.
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komisiebis arCeva.
noe cincaZe: (s. d.) Cven fraqcias winadadeba Semoaqvs: arCeul iqnes
dRes oTxi komisia: sareglamento, sakonstitucio, sabiujeto-safi-
nanso da saredaqcio. am komisiebis Semadgenloba, Cemis azriT unda
ganisazRvros ase:
saredaqcio komisiaSi Svidi wevri, sakonstitucioSi _ TxuTmeti,
agreTve safinanso da sabiujetoSi _ TxuTmeti da sareglamentoSi _
Svidi.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT erTxel kidev waikiTxoT
mdivani (kiTxulobs komisiebis nusxas)
sareglamento komisiaSi social demokratiuli fraqcia asaxelebs
(xmebi: jer ricxvi, ramdeni kacisgan aris Semdgari komisia?)
sareglamento komisia...
Tavmjdomare. Tu ara vcdebi, winadadeba aris arCeul iyos oTxi
komisia, sareglamentoSi _ Svidi wevri, sakonstitucioSi _ TxuT
meti, sabiujeto-safinansoSi _ TxuTmeti da saredaqcioSi _ Svidi.
gsurT Tu ara am winadadebis Sesaxeb gamosTqvaT azri? msurveli ar
avin aris. maSasadame miRebulad unda CaiTvalos. exla gTxovT daas
axeloT kandidatebi. erT fraqcias ukve dasaxelebuli hyavs kandi
datebi sareglamento komisiaSi. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
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sakonstitucio komisiis arCeva.
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sxdomis daxurva.
62
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meoTxe sxdoma.
mTielTa sabWosgan
63
mTielTa sabWosgan
64
dRiuri wes-rigi
nikoloz eliava. (s. d.) Cveni fraqciis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven
swored ise gvesmis damfuZvnebeli krebis dadgenileba amis Sesaxeb,
rogorc amas moiTxovs garemoeba.
damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebiT, komisias, sxvaTa Soris, hqon
daT miniWebuli ufleba, rom mieRo saWiro zomebi. saWiro zomebSi
Sedioda is ufleba, romelzedac komisiis Tavmjdomare ekiTxeba
damfuZnebel krebas, da vfiqrobT, rom Cveni dadgenileba ise unda
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iyos gagebuli, rom komisias aqvs sruli ufleba yovelnairi zomebi
miiRos. sxvaTa Soris, saca aRmoaCens borot-moqmedebas gadaayenos
adgilidan da, Tu mdgomareoba moiTxovs, daatusaRos da gadasces ga
sasamarTleblad esa Tu is piri.
ase gvesmis Cven da winadadebas viZleviT, rom damfuZvnebelma
krebam ganmartos es Segneba, daamtkicos da sTxovos prezidiums ac
nobos komisiis wevrebs, rom mTavroba saTanado gankargulebas moax
dens, raTa yvela Tanamdebobis pirma icodes, rom es damfuZnebeli
krebis komisia umaRlesi uflebiT aris aRWurvili.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) me mgonia, rom am sakiTxs aqvs principi
aluri xasiaTi.
Cven amiT vqmniT precedents. komisias eZleva ufleba, rom daatu
saRos. Cveni fraqcia am SemTxvevaSi jer-jerobiT winaaRmdegi aris,
rom es komisia aRWurvili iyos am TanamdebobiT.
marTalia, damfuZnebeli kreba aris baton-patroni, damfuZne
beli kreba rogorc moisurvebs, ise unda iyos yoveli kiTxva gad
awyvetili. rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebel krebas aqvs neba da ufleba
Sehqmnas amisTana precedenti. rasakvirvelia SeuZlian damfuZvneb
el krebas ubrZanos, rom sworeT amisTana aRmasrulebeli ufleba
miiRos am komisiam, magram es sruliaT ar iqneba mizan-Sewonili.
Cven komisia gavgzavneT, rom gamoarkvios adgilobrivi mdgo
mareoba, gamoikvlios mizezebi am mdgomareobisa, magram amasTanave
marTalia darTuli iyo is azri, rom saTanadoT zomebi mieRo, ma
gram ar iyo gamorkveuli, Tu ra aris saTanado zomebi.
adgilobrivi mdgomareoba ase isaxeboda Cven winaSe, rom iq aris
general-gubernatori, iq aris gansakuTrebul uflebebiT gagzavni
li sagubernio inspeqtori, mere iq aRmsrulebeli roli ekuTvnis
Cvens mTavrobas, e. i. sami dawesebulebaa, sami piri aris, romelnic
am SemTxvevaSi aasruleben aRmsrulebel rols. raT gindaT, sworeT
dRes, sworeT am komisias mivaniWoT aseTi funqciebi. Cemis azriT
es Seitans erTgvar ryevas, funqciebis arev-darevas. (xma: gansaz
Rvrulia!).
gansazRvruli ar gaxlavT, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! gansaz
Rruli ar aris imisTvis, rom iq arian imisTana pirebi, romelTac
swored es unda aasrulon. sruliaT sakmarisi iqneba, rom gamoaaS
karavon sagani, mokrifon masala, Seatyobinon mTavrobas, Seatyobi
non im pirebs, romelnic iq arian. amis da mixedviT, saqme gakeTdeba.
Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom isini Seasruleben Tavis movaleobas.
me mgonia, rom swored mdgomareobiT ar aris gamowveuli rom am
uflebiT aRvWurvoT es komisia.
amis da mixedviT, me mgonia, rom Zveli dadgenileba unda darCes
sisruleSi: mizezebi gamoirkves da moxsendes damfuZnebel krebas.
merme es saqme gadawyvetili iqneba. amis da mixedviT, Cven ver mivani
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WebT am komisias _ uflebas, rom marTva gamgeobaSi dResve Caerios
da miiTvisos aRmasrulebeli funqciebi.
Tavmjdomare. sanam Semdeg orators mivcemdi sityvas, me saWirod
mimaCnia mogaxsenoT amonaweri im sxdomis oqmisa, roca damfuZnebel
krebam miiRo dadgenileba. es amonaweri Semdegi gaxlavT: „arCeu
li iqnes damfuZnebel krebis wevrTagan sagangebo komisia axalcixis
mazraSi gamosarkvevlad da saTanado zomebis misaRebad.“
aseTi gaxlavT amonaweri.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvzava. (er. dem.) batonebo, Cven Zalian gatacebulni varT
sxva da sxva istoriuli magaliTebiT. Cven xSirad vbaZavT xolme dam
fuZnebel krebas, romelsac hqonda adgili evropaSi, sxva da sxva dros.
gansakuTrebiT Cven yuradRebas ipyrobs safrangeTis konventi. marTa
lia, iq damfuZnebeli kreba ereoda mmarTvelobis yovel dargSi, es iyo
ara marto kanondebeli organo: man Tavis Tavzed miiRo sxva da sxva
funqciebic: samosamarTleo, saadministracio da sxva. magram Cven unda
gaufrTxildeT amisTana wess. exla ar aris is saerTaSoriso pirobebi,
romelnic iyvnen maSin evropaSi, gansakuTrebiT safrangeTSi, da sa
frangeTis irgvliv. maSin safrangeTi rogorc mogexsenebaT, SemTxveu
li iyo mtrebiT, reaqcionur evropiT. (xma: exlac aseTi mdgomareoba!)
ukacravad! revoliuciaa mTel ruseTSi da revoliucionuri moZrao
baa irgvliv (arseniZe: denikinic revoliucioneria?) maSin evropa, ro
gorc mowyobili Zala, saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia, mimarTuli iyo
safrangeTis da revoliuciis winaaRmdeg. aseTi pirobebi Cemis azriT,
amier-kavkasiaSi ar aris. kidev ufro uaresi mdgomareoba iyo SigniT
safrangeTSi. bevri iyo naSTebi absoliutizmisa da saWiro iyo brZo
la sxva da sxva elementebTan; fsixologia sul sxva iyo, gaJRenTili
warsul reJimiT. aq bevri iyo momxre mefisa. saadministracio Zalas
provinciaSi Seadgendnen iseTi pirebi, romelnic iyvnen dayenebulni
mefis mier da amisTana sxva.
sruliad es ar aris saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ga
mocxadda maisSi da amis Semdeg Cven movaxerxeT gagvewminda adminis
tracia. yvelgan davayeneT Cveni kacebi, demokratiis ndobiT aRWurvi
lni. aq analogias me mgonia adgili ara aqvs. amitom me vambob, ar aris
sakmarisi safuZveli rom mivyveT im gzas, romelzedac idga safrange
Tis konventi. aq sul sxva garemoebaa.
maSasadame Tu konventi ebRauWeboda yovel-gvar uflebebs, ro
gorc sakanondebulos, agredve marTva-gamgeobas da sasamarTlos, _
es misabaZi ar aris. Cven administracia gvyavs, saministroebi gvaqvs.
administracia emorCileba ministrs, ministri xom Tqveni ndobiTaa
aRWurvili? Tu administracia ar asrulebs imas, rasac ubrZanebs aq
edgan ministri, is gamocvlili an gadayenebuli iqmneba. mTeli apara
ti saxelmwifosi Cven xelSia. aseT mdgomareobaSi Sereva sxva da sxva
funqciebisa yovlad Seuwynarebelia da arc aris sasargeblo CvenTvis.
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ar aris sasargeblo xalxisTvis. aseTi arev-dareva ar unda SevitanoT.
ramdenadac SegviZlian garkveul gzas unda davadgeT da garkveu
li zomebi miviRoT. adgilobrivi administracia, rogorc aq iTqva
aris. marTalia Cvens dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo: miiRos komisiam sa
Tanado zomebio, magram, me mgonia es imas ki ar niSnavs rom es komis
ia Caerios yovelTvis da yvelgan sadac misi Careva sruliad saWiro
ar aris (xma: saWiroa?) ukacravad, batonebo ar aris saWiro imitom,
rom komisias yovel wams SeuZlian iqonios kavSiri CvenTan an saminis
trosTan: aris telegrafi, telefoni, rasac moklebul iyo safrange
Ti konventis dros. maSin ar iyo saSualeba. exla komisias yovel wuTs
SeuZlian elaparakos ministrs, maSasadame, ra saWiroa, rom komisiis
Tavmjdomares aseTi gansakuTrebuli ufleba gadavceT? (naTaZe. rad
aZlevdiT...) nu gcxveniaT batono, gaaTaveT. (naTaZe: raT aZlevdiT xmas
komisiis gagzavnaze)?
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, umorCilesad gTxovT adgilidan nu
laparakobT.
g. gvazava. Tu yurs migdebT aq gaigebdiT. komisia gavgzavneT, rom
adgilobriv gamoerkvia adgilobrivi mdgomareoba, da saTanado zome
bic mieRo. am zomebis miRebis dros Cven gvgonia _ komisia daadgebo
da kanonier gzas, kanonierad moiqceoda, kanoner zomebs miiRebda.
e.i. mihmarTavda arsebul saxelmwifoebriv aparats da misi SemweobiT
da saSualebiT imoqmedebda. Cven is azri-ki ar gvqonia, rom komisiam
miiTvisos yovelgvari Zalaufleba. SeiZleba man moindomos namdvili
kanonmdeblobiTi xasiaTis brZaneba gasces, kanoni gamosces esec „sa
Tanado zoma“ iqneba, magram gana SeiZleba amisTana ufleba mivaniWoT?
Cven amisTana ufleba ar migviniWebia maTTvis. Tu vinme dasaWeria unda
Seatyobinon im organos, romelsac evaleba amgvari sakiTxebis mowyo
ba, da warmoeba. amitom Cveni fraqciis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven wi
naaRmdegni varT Semotanil winadadebisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ivane gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia (s. r.) moqalaqeno! damfuZnebel krebis sagangebo
komisiaSi, romelic axalcixis mazraSi momxdar ambebis gamosaZie
blad iyo Cven mier arCeuli, Sedis yvela fraqciis warmomadgeneli
garda Cveni fraqciisa. SemTxveviT, mxolod Cven fraqcias ara yavs
Tavs warmomadgeneli am komisiaSi, da rodesac ismeba sakiTxi, mieni
Wos Tu ara am komisias ama Tu im moqalaqis daWeris ufleba, Cveni
fraqcia, SeiZleba, sxva fraqciebze ufro nakleb iyves dainterese
buli komisiis am uflebis miniWebaSi, magram, Tu gaiTvaliswinebT
damfuZnebel krebis iuridiul bunebas, dasmuli sakiTxi sul ad
vilaT gadaiWreba. marTalia, jer gamorkveul ar aris, daimsaxurebs
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis momaval moRvaweobiT xalxis
ndobas Tu ara (social-demokratiul skamebze xmaurobaa. arseniZe:
ooo!), magram erTi-ki axlave unda vaRiaroT: Tu damfuZnebeli kre
bis muSaobis dawyebisTanave Cven misi prestiJis dacemas xeli Sevu
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wyveT, maSin Cven metaT cud samsaxurs gavuwevT mis momavals. yvela
partiebi, romelTac am Cvens krebaSi yavT warmomadgenlebi, yovel
dRe da yovelgan gaiZaxoden presis saSvalebiT, Tu sityviT, rom saqa
rTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba aris namdvili baton-patroni saqarTve
losio, rom saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam sruliad axlad unda
moawyos Cveni cxovrebis TiTqmis yoveli mxareo, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba aris uzenaesi srul uflebiani patroni qveynisao da sxva. Tu
es yvelaferi marTalia, maSin Cven damfuZnebeli kreba ufro maRla
unda davayenoT, vidre Cveulebrivi sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba. me
mesmis, rodesac saxelmwifoebriv-uflebrivi cxovreba Camoyalibebu
lia raime garkveul formebSi, rodesac aris SemuSavebuli konsti
tucia, romelic sazRvravs uflebebs sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebrivi
organoebisas, maSin daisvas sakiTxi, aqvs Tu ara, magaliTad, sakanon
mdeblo dawesebulebas ufleba daiWiros esa Tu is piri. magram saqmec
sworeT imaSia, rom Cven jer ara gvaqs konstitucia, saxelmwifoe
briv-uflebrivi cxovreba mowesrigebis stadiaSia, Cveni damfuZne
beli kreba yvela arsebul saxelmwifoebriv organoebze da kerZo
pirebze ufro maRla sdgas da yovelgvari uflebiT mas SeuZlia is
argeblos, radganac is TviTon aris yovelgvari iuridiul uflebis
wyaro. Tu Cven gaviTvaliswinebT yvela amas, zedmeti iqneba imaze
laparaki, rom damfuZnebel krebas, an mis mier arCeul da ndobiT aR
Wurvil komisias ufleba ar aqvs kerZo piri daapatimros, Tu amas res
publikis interesi moiTxovs. gana SesaZlebelia warmovidginoT Cvens
respublikaSi iseTi piri, romelsac meti ufleba mivaniWoT, vidre
damfuZnebel krebas? magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, yovel gen
eral-gubernators da TiTqmis yovel komisars ufleba aqvs droebiT
daiWiros da satusaRoSi gaagzavnos respublikis moqalaqe, Tu amas
isini saWirod dainaxaven. Tu es ufleba miniWebuli aqvs kerZo pirebs
_ moxeleebs, ratom aseTi uflebiT ar unda aRiWurvos damfuZnebel
ma krebam Tavis Semadgenlobidan arCeuli ramodenime piri, romelnic
imave dros, rogorc xalxis mier arCeulni, metis ndobis Rirsni ar
ian. federalistebis fraqciis warmomadgenelma dRes gailaSqra ax
alcixis komisiisTvis daWeris uflebis miniWebis winaaRmdeg, magram
ratom federalistebi ar ilaSqreben general gubernatoris imave
uflebis winaaRmdeg. am sakiTxSi erTi ram udavoa, is rom damfuZnebel
krebas sruli ufleba aqvs daiWiros yoveli moqalaqe, romlis daka
vebas moiTxovs saxelmwifos interesi. agreTve krebas sruli ufleba
aqvs ganaxorcielos es daWeris ufleba, an TviTon an da sxva pirebis
saSvalebiT. axalcixis komisia erTxmaT iyo krebis mier arCeuli da
Tu is adgilobriv, gamoZiebis dros, romelime piris daWeras mizanSe
wonil zomad miiCnevs, amis ufleba Tqven mas unda misceT. yovel kerZo
SemTxvevaSi rom Cven SegvekiTxos komisia, daiWiros Tu ara man esa Tu
is piri, rogorc amas zogierT oratori moiTxovs, es saqmes ki ar gaad
vilebs da gaaumjobesebs, aramed ufro gaarTulebs da TviT daWeris
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uflebac mizans ver miaRwevs, maSin ukeTesi iqneba, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba sul erTianad aiyaros aqedan, gadasaxldes axalcixis mazraSi,
TviTon gamoiZios saqme da daiWiros is, vis dakavebasac is saWirod
dainaxavs. magram amas, sabednieroT, arc saqmis mdgomareoba da arc
krebis-Rirseba ar moiTxovs, yvela amis gakeTeba SeuZlian TviT axal
cixis komisias, romelsac unda mivaniWoT daWeris ufleba da es arc
saxelmwifroebriv sxva da sxva funqciebis erTi meoreSi areva da arc
komisiis mier sxvisi uflebis miTviseba iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, magram aq exla molaparake orato
ris sityvaSi erTi adgili iyo, romlis uyuradRebod datoveba Seu
Zleblad mimaCnia. aq iTqva: jer kidev kiTxva aris, damfuZnebeli kreba
daimsaxurebs Tu ara xalxis ndobaso. me mgoni rom am tribunidan aseT
laparaks adgili ar unda hqondes da vimedovneb, rom amieridan arc
eqneba adgili.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevr niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) batonebo! aq komisiis uflebebis winaaRmdeg
wamoayenes ori mosazreba. erTi ekuTvnis gvazavas. es aris formalu
ri mosazreba. is ambobs, rom komisias, romelic airCia damfuZnebel
ma krebam da gagzavna axalcixeSi, ar unda mieces ufleba, rom is Cae
rios pirdapir administraciis moqmedebaSio. meore mosazreba aris
b. baraTaSvilisa, romelsac eSinia, rom ar moxdes areva sakanonmde
blo da aRmasrulebel funqciebisa. me mgonia, rom orive es mosazre
ba gaugebrobazea agebuli. b. gvazava aq urevs erTmaneTSi parlamen
tarul weswyobilebas da im mdgomareobas, romelic arsebobs CvenSi
dRes. iuridiulad didi gansxvavebaa parlamentsa da damfuZnebel
krebas Soris. parlamenti moqmedobs saministros SemweobiT, is an
dobs imas gansazRvrul aRmasrulebel Zalas da Semdeg SekiTxvis
saSualebiT mosTxovs pasuxs mTavrobas da Tu dainaxes, rom samin
istro ver atarebs am xazs, romelic Seefereba mdgomareobas, ro
melic gamomdinareobs kanonmdebelTa muSaobidan, maSin mTavrobas
undoblobas ucxadebs, da es ukanasknelic unda gadadges, magram is,
rac parlamentis Sesaxeb iTqmis, misaRebi ar aris damfuZnebel krebis
Sesaxeb. damfuZnebeli kreba exla hqmnis konstitucias, exla amyarebs
axal cxovrebas, da aqedan cxadia, rom mas aqvs iuridiulaTac, uzen
aesi ufleba, is umaRlesi ufleba, romelic mas xalxma miando. aqedan
cxadia, rom, iuridiulis TvalsazrisiT mosazreba b. gvazavasi ver
uZlebs veraviTar kritikas. rac Seexeba im analogias, romelic gva
zavam moiyvana, isic ar aris swore. sworeT dRes saqarTvelo ufro
autanel mdgomareobaSia, vidre iyo konventis dros safrangeTi. Cven
viciT, rom es damoukidebeli arseboba Cveni iSva 4 wlis saerTaSor
iso omis Semdeg, rodesac xalxis ekonomiuri Zalebi sruliaT ganad
gurebuli iyo. aseTs autanel mdgomareobaSi safrangeTi sruliad
ar imyofeboda. es erTi. meore, Cven viciT, rom Tumca safrangeTis wi
naaRmdeg mTeli saxelmwifoebi iyvnen amxedrebulni, magram safran
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geTi Tavis ZalebiT, teritoriis sivrciT warmoadgenda did saxel
mwifos da amas ki Cven ver vityviT saqarTveloze. saqarTvelo dRes
iZulebulia didi angariSi gauwios gareSe Zalebs. ai aseT pirobebSi,
rodesac yovel kuTxidan sxva da sxva elementebi, damrRvevi elemen
tebi Cven gviwyoben ajanyebas, gana SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes ufro
karg mdgomareobaSi varT, vidre safrangeTi iyo, did revoliuciis
dros? es optimizmi araferze ar aris damyarebuli (gvazava: moigon
eT noe Jorndanias sityva mSvidobianobaze). noe Jordanias sityvaSi,
batonebo, SedarebiT iyo aRniSnuli, rom im drosTan SedarebiT, ro
melic arsebobda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis win,
Cven ukeTes pirobebSi vimyofebiT, magram, es kidev ar niSnavs imas,
viTom dRes saSiSroeba ar arsebobdes.
aseTivea b. baraTaSvilis azri. imas eSinia, rom moxdeba aRreva fun
qciebisa; magram es ar aris marTali, radganac araviTar aRrevas adgili
ar eqneba. damfuZnebel krebis komisia, romelic moqmedobs axalcixis
mazraSi, aRWurvilia Cveni ndobiT da umaRles uflebiT, yvela adgi
lobrivi Zala administraciisa am mxareSi unda emorCilebodes mas. ase
rom, is aris umaRlesi organo, umaRlesi warmomadgeneli am mxarisa da
saWiroa mxolod kontaqtisTvis, rom ecnobos mTavrobas, rom man Tavis
agentebis moqmedeba Seufardos am komisiis moqmedebas. es aris loRika
im debulebisa, romelic miviReT Cven. Cven vTqviT. rom komisias eZle
va ufleba saTanado zomebis misaRebaT. exla b. gvazavam brZana, rom es
saTanado ufleba Turme gamoixateba imaSi, rom milicias an gamomZieb
els moaxsenos saqmis viTareba. me bodiSs vixdi, magram Zalian makvir
vebs rom, rodesac Tqven aseT dadgenilebas aZlevdiT xmas, rodesac
b. baraTaSvili hfiqrobs, rom, is irCevda komisias im azriT, rom komis
ia aasrulebs ubralo gamomZieblis rols, is daemorCileba adgilo
briv administracias. me mgonia rom es SeugneblaT, rasakvirvelia,
damcirebaa damfuZnebel krebis uflebisa. me vambob mxolod imaze, rac
davadgineT, rom komisiam unda miiRos saTanado zomebi, da es saTanado
zomebi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom umaRlesi kontroli unda awarmovos, _
da im komisiam, romelic Cven gavgzavneT, _ unda miiRos yoveli saWiro
zomebi. ise, rom aq axali araferia. da vimeoreb sxvanairad arc Segve
Zlo gveTqva, radgan damfuZnebel krebis komisia romelic Cven gavgza
vneT axalcixis mazraSi, aRWurvili unda iyos uzenaes uflebebiT.
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alcixis mazraSi, ufleba aqvs saWiroebisamebr gasces gankarguleba
borotmoqmedTa da moRalateTa dasatusaReblad, misces aseTi pire
bi samarTalSi ganurCevlaT maTi mdgomareobisa da Tanamdebobisa“.
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mTavrobis Tavmjdomare:
noe nikolozis Ze Jordania.
sagareo saqmeTa da iusticiis ministri:
evgeni petres Ze gegeWkori.
Sinagan saqmeTa, saxalxo ganaTlebis da samxedro saqmeTa ministri:
noe visarionis Ze ramiSvili.
miwad moqmedebis, Sromis da gzaTa ministri:
noe giorgis Ze xomeriki.
finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministri:
konstantine platonis Ze kandelaki.
(damfuZnebeli kreba mxurvale taSiT egebeba mTav. Tav. moadgilis
gancxadebas).
mTavrobis deklaracia.
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ganvamtkicoT keTilmezobluri urTierToba, sabolood daadgnen da
moukidebel saxelmwifoebrivobis gzas, xolo es saukeTeso Tavdebia
maTTan mWidro kavSiris damyarebisa da saerTo ZalRoniT Cveni poli
tikuri Tavisuflebis dacvisa.
saqarTvelos sagareo, agreTve saSinao mdgomareobas metis metad
arTulebs msoflio omiT gamowveuli ekonomikuri da social-poli
tikuri krizisi, romelic Cven Tvalwin axal-axal qveynebs moedva da,
romelic, TandaTan viTardeba da Rrmavdeba. magram Cven darwmunebu
li varT, rom saqarTvelos demokratiis Semoqmedeba da unari sZlevs
am dabrkolebaT da evropaSi mosalodnel cvlilebas CvenSi mSromel
Ta batonobis gansamtkiceblad gamoiyenebs.
moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! mTavroba Tavis movale
baT racxs aSkarad ganacxados, rom saqarTvelos ganapira kuTxeebSi
bneli reaqcionuri elementebi scdiloben respublikis damxobas da
am mizniT gareSe Zalebs iSvelieben. afxazeTsa da samuslimano saqa
rTvelos mTavroba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas apyrobs. Cveni mizania
am kuTxeeebSi Taviseburi ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa, adgilobrivi
ZalebiT Sinauri marTva-gamgeobis mowyoba da deda samSoblosTan
SegnebulaT dakavSireba. abxazeTis saxalxo sabWos mowveviT, romel
ic arCeulia sayovelTao, Tanaswori, pirdapiri, faruli da propor
cionaluri sistemiT orive sqesis mier, ukve Caeyara safuZveli afxaz
eTis saqmeTa am niadagze mowesrigebas.
saqarTvelos mTavroba mwvaveT grZnobs samuslimano saqarTvelos
didi nawilis droebiT CamoSorebas da scdilobs istoriuli us
amarTlobis gamosworebas da mTliani respublikis farglebSi mTeli
samuslimano saqarTvelos Tavmoyras.
mTavrobas ganzraxuli aqvs droebiT qal. axalcixeSi samuslima
no saqarTvelos mmarTvelobis Sedgena da am mxareSi demokratiul
reformaTa ganxorcieleba.
mTavroba darwmunebulia, rom am kuTxeebis SemoerTeba da kul
turuli aRorZineba aucilebeli pirobaa Cveni respublikis nor
maluri ganviTarebisa da TviT arsebobisac ki. Cven vimedovnebT, rom
samarTliani miswrafeba saqarTvelos erisa hpoebs srul TanagrZno
bas mokavSire saxelmwifoTa mxriv.
respublikis farglebSi yvela moqalaqe ganurCevlad erovnebisa
da rwmenisa Tanaswori politikuri uflebiT sargeblobs _ mTavro
ba miznaT isaxavs Seqmnas pirobebi yvela erTa kulturul erovnul
uflebaTa sruli uzrunvelyofis da maTi ganviTarebis. Cvens mdgo
mareobas ar Seefereba marTva-gamgeobis is rTuli sistema, romelic
gvianderZa ruseTis imperiam.
mTavroba miznaT isaxavs marTva-gamgeobis gamartivebas. is Seec
deba savsebiT daeyrdnos TviTmarTvelobis organoebs, romelTac
mieniWaT ufleba adgilobriv marTva gamgeobisa da romelnic xalxTan
daaxlovebulni arian. mTavroba axlo momavalSi SemoiRebs saerobo
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TviTmarTvelobas im mazrebSi, romelnic jer kidev moklebulni ari
an am instituts da daCqarebiT Seudgeba wvril saerobo erTeulobis
mowyobas, romelnic demokratiuli respublikis safuZvels warmoad
genen da xalxis batonobas ganamtkiceben.
mxolod am gziT SeiZleba Seqmna iseTis adgilobrivi adminis
traciisa, romelic kanonTa da gankargulebaTa erTguli aRmasrule
beli iqneba da xalxs namdvil samsaxurs gauwevs.
respublikis ganmtkiceba sasamarTlos reformis damTavrebas da
mis amuSavebas moiTxovs. pirvel rigSi mTavroba Seecdeba nafic msa
julTa institutis dauyovlebliv ganxorcielebas da umaRles sa
samarTlos daarsebas.
mTavroba aRniSnavs, rom omis xanaSi mraval moaruli seni gav
rcelda da xalxs fizikur ganadgurebas uqadis. mTavroba adgilo
briv TviTmarTvelobebTan SeTanxmebiT Seecdeba dauyovnebliv Sesaf
eri zomebis miRebas da sanitaruli saqmis gaumjobesebas.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofaT da demokrati
uli wyobilebis gansamtkiceblad mTavroba miznad isaxavs sayovel
Tao SeiaraRebis dakanonebas. amave dros Cven SevecdebiT davrazmoT
moZravi da sakmaod gawvrTnili mudmivi jari, romelic saxalxo gvar
diasTan erTad ikisrebs respublikis Sinaur da gareSe mterTagan
dacvas (taSi).
umiwawylo da mcire mamulian glexTa miwiT uzrunvelsayofad
mTavroba ganagrZobs agraruli reformis daCqarebiT ganxorciele
bas da xels Seuwyobs intensiuri sasoflo meurneobis aRorZinebas.
mTavroba upirveles movaleobaT racxs aRniSnos mwvave finansiu
ri krizisi, rasac respublika ganicdis. savsebiT mowyvetili mravali
Tvis ganmavlobaSi msoflio bazars da samrewvelo centrebs, saxel
mwifo iZulebuli iyo mravalgvari moTxovnilebani mxoloT saku
Tari ZaliT daekmayofilebina. biujetis Seuferebelma zrdam, raica
gamowveuli iyo saxelmwifos araCveulebrivi xarjebiT, gamoiwvia
bonebis zedmeti beWdva.
mTavroba miznaT isaxavs xarjebis Semoklebas da biujetis axlo
momavalSi mogvarebas, gadasaxadebis axal sistemis gamomuSavebas mS
romelTa interesebis uzrunvelyofiT da Semosavlis axali wyaroebis
gamonaxvas, sakredito operaciebis mowesrigebas, saxelmwifo qoneba
Ta finansiuri keTildReobisaTvis gamoyenebas da am gziT krizisis
ganelebas da safrTxis Tavidan acdenas.
mTavroba darwmunebulia, rom saRi finansiuri meurneoba moiTxovs
ucxoeTTan gacvla-gamocvlis mowesrigebas da sawarmovo ZalTa ganvi
Tarebas. am mizniT mTavroba Seecdeba farTo asparezi gauxsnas kerZo
iniciativas rogorc warmoebis, ise aReb-micemobis sferoSi, xolo
spekuliaciis winaaRmdeg miRebul iqneba gansakuTrebuli zomebi.
mTavroba xels Seuwyobs soflad intensiuri meurneobis gaCaRe
bas, agredve respublikis farglebSi axal sawarmovo dargebis Seq
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mnas. amave mizniT mTavroba Seecdeba ekonomikuri da finansuri poli
tikis mezobel respublikebTan SeTanxmebiT mogvarebas.
mTavroba siamovnebiT aRniSnavs, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarT
velobani da kooperatiuli sazogadoebani dRiTi dRe magrdebian
sawarmovo da saaRebmicemo asparezze da farTo Semoqmedebis unars
iCenen. mTavroba miznaT isaxavs maT daxmarebas, am gziT sazogadoebriv
sakuTrebis gafarToebas da mis xalxis sakeTildReoT gamoyenebas.
mTavroba mTeli Tavisi Zal-RoniT Seecdeba Sromis interesebis
dacvas da socialuri kanonmdeblobis farTo safuZvelze agebas amave
dros mas saWirod miaCnia aRiaros, rom Sromis nayofiereba sagrZno
blad daeca. xolo es erTi mizezTagania ekonomiuri arev-darevisa da
sanovagesi da sxva saqonelze fasebis awevisa. mTavroba miznaT isaxavs
xeli Seuwyos Sromis nayofierebis zrdas da am saqmeSi is daeyrdnoba
Segnebul muSaTa banaks, darwmunebuli, rom es aucilebeli gzaa ekono
miuri cxovrebis aRorZinebisa da mSromelTa batonobis ganmtkicebisa.
sasursaTo krizisi TandaTan mwvavdeba. mTavroba scdilobs mis
ganelebas sazogadoebriv ZalTa amoqmedebiT, TviTmarTvelobaTa da
koperativTa am saqmis garSemo SekavSirebiT da imedovnebs, rom saer
To Zal-RoniT SesZlebs am saqmis mogvarebas da mosalodnel safrTxis
Tavidan acilebas.
pirveldawyebiTi skolebi ukve gadaeca adgilobriv TviTmarT
velobebs. mTavroba dauyonebliv Seudgeba TviTmarTvelobebTan
SeTanxmebiT pirvel dawyebiTi ufaso savaldebulo da sayovelTao
swavla ganaTlebis SemoRebas. mTavrobis mizania agreTve saSualo
skolebisa qalaqTa da erobaTa xelSi gadacema. amave dros mTavroba
aRniSnavs, rom Tanamedrove skola daSorebulia cxovrebas. mTavro
ba Seecdeba samoswavlo gegmis ZiriTad gadasinjvas, saswavlebelTa
axali tipis gamomuSavebas da umTavres miznaT isaxavs xalxSi pro
fesionalur-texnikur da sameurneo codnis gavrcelebas da skolis
axal safuZvelze agebas.
mTavroba Tavis movaleobaT aRiarebs axlo momavalSi ganaxor
cielos eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gancalkeveba.
mravalgvari da mZime movaleoba ekisreba mTavrobas, magram Cven
imedi gvaqvs, rom damfuZnebeli krebis karnaxiT da misi aqtiuri
monawileobiT marTva-gamgeobis saqmeebSi Cven vsZlevT dabrkolebebs,
davicvaT respublikis damoukideblobas, SevinarCunebT da gavafar
ToebT revoliuciis monapovarT. (mxurvale taSi).
Tavmjdomare. rogorc dainaxavdiT es ori sakiTxi: gancxadeba
mTavrobisa mTavrobis Sedgenis Sesaxeb da deklaracia mTavrobisa,
gakeTebulia.
tribunidan erTad moxsenebuli iyo mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris
moadgilis mier. exla rogor inebebT, moisurvebT, Tu ara gancxadebis
da deklaraciis Sesaxeb dResve kamaTs? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
kedias.
76
fraqciaTa gancxadeba.
77
respublikas, gansakuTrebiT exlandel xanaSi. amitom me Cven vadge
varT im azrs, rom kreba gadidos Semdeg dRisTvis.
me mgoni yvela fraqciebi moaswroben, rac mosaazrebeli aqvT, moi
azron da TavianTi pasuxi gascen mTavrobis deklaracias.
Tavmjdomare. rogorc sCans krebis gadadebis winaaRmdeg aravin
aris. neba momeciT es winadadeba miRebulad CavTvalo.
damfuZnebeli kreba momxrea, rom sxdoma gadadebuli iyos. rac
Sexeba imas, Tu rodis dainiSnos kreba, amis Sesaxeb aris winadadeba
xval 22-marts 12 saaTze. sxva winadadeba ar gaxlavs. (gvazava: aris!)
keTil inebeT da gamogzavneT.
meore winadadeba gaxlavT erovnul-demokratebisa, rom kreba
daniSnul iyos kviras 23-marts.
vin aris momxre, rom kreba dainiSnos xval 22-marts?
maSasadame miRebulia. kreba daniSnulia xvalisTvis. vin aris
momxre rom dainiSnos 12 saaTze?
didi umravlesoba momxre aris, rom dainiSnos xval 12-saaTze.
sxva sakiTxebi dRiur wesrigSi ar aris.
maSasadame krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 30 wuTze.
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saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
mexuTe sxdoma
dRiuri wesrigi.
79
Salva aleqsi-mesxiSvilis sityva.
80
moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas ver gaswvdeba. es ki pasuxismgeblo
bis sisustesTan erTad hqmnis niadags im aRviraxsnil qurdobis da
meqrTameobisaTvis, romlis mowameni Cvena varT. magram didi umrav
lesoba simSils ganicdis. am metad seriozul kiTxvas jamagiris mo
matebiT ver uSveliT. bonebis fasi iseTis siswrafiT ecema, rom jama
giris momateba saqmes ver moagvarebs.
b-bo! es mkrTali suraTia imis, rac xdeba Cvens gareSe.
Cven mowameni varT ruseTSi da evropaSi Sromisa da kapitalis, so
cializmisa da imperializmis brZolisa. brZola titaniuria. veTanx
mebiT Tu ara brZolis meTodebs, erTi ram aSkaraa. saerTaSoriso
omisagan gamowveulma krizisma daupirispira erTi meores ori banaki.
revoliucionurma qarcecxlma naTlad daanaxva TviT imperialisteb
sac ki, rom Zveli socialuri urTierTobaTa dabruneba SeuZlebelia.
es aSkarad gamoiTqva inglisis mrewvelTa yrilobaze, amave azrs adga
germaniaSi damfuZnebeli kreba. miudgomel meTvalyurisaTvis aSka
ra unda iyos, rom Cven vimyofebiT gardamaval xanaSi da dResve unda
Caeyaros mtkice saZirkveli momaval socialistur wyobilebas. amiT
imis Tqma ki ar minda, TiTqos dResve SeiZlebodes socializmis ganx
orcieleba. ara. me mxolod aRvniSnav, rom TviT imperialistebic ki
grZnoben seriozul socialur gardaqmnis aucileblobas, social
istebi ki movaleni arian, sadac ki maT SeuZlianT, gaSalon Semoqmedeb
iTi niWi da mtkice niadagi moupovon socialistur weswyobilebas. ai
mokled obieqturi pirobebi, romelSiac uxdeba moqmedeba saqarTve
los mTavrobas da saWiroa seriozuli gegma, rom am mdgomareobidan
saqarTvelos mSromeli xalxi gamarjvebuli gamovides.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobas advilad veravin mospobs, Tu
TviT CvenSi ar dagvangria cxovrebis mouwesrigeblobam. socialis
turi mTavroba, socialistur damfuZnebel krebis ndobiT aRWurvi
li, valdebulia gabeduli nabijebi gadadgas, Torem im gziT, romel
ic deklaraciaSia naCvenebi da radikalebs ufro SeeferebaT, vidre
socialistebs, verafers gaxdeba.
sursaT-sanovagis, ekonomiuris da finansiuri krizisis asacde
nad, mTavroba ver daeyrdnoba kerZo iniciativis da kapitalizmis
umtkivneulod ganviTarebas.
sruliad unda Seicvalos arsebuli gegma warmoebisa soflad da
qalaqSi. soflis meurneobaSi, mrewveloba-aRebmicemaSi mTavroba
unda miiswrafodes, sadac ki SesaZloa, koleqtivizaciisaken.
Zirianad unda Seicvalos parlamentis mier miRebuli agraruli
kanoni, romlis cxovrebaSi gatarebas mTavroba apirebs. amis magier
unda gatardes miwis socializacia. mTavroba yovelmxriv unda daex
maros koleqtiur warmoebas soflad. amiT Seiqmneba erTad erTi saRi
niadagi soflis meurneobis ayvavebisaTvis.
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobaTa, erobaTa da saxelmwifos xelSi unda
gadavides warmoebis yvela dargi, romelsac massiuri xasiaTi aqvs.
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yvelafris CamoTvla saWiro ar aris; imas garda, rac ukve gansazoga
doebrivebulia, me miuTiTeb, magaliTad kreditis centralizaciaze
saxelmwifos xelSi, sursaT sanovagis saqmes, samTamadno mrewvelo
bas, binebis sakiTxs, eleqtroniT sargeblobas, afTiaqebs, zogierT
qarxnebs da bevr sx.
erTis sityviT yvelgan, sadac ki SesaZlebelia, mTavroba unda
cdilobdes ekonomiur cxovrebis umTavress dargTa sazogadoebriv
organizaciaTa xelSi gadacemas.
gansakuTrebiTi yuradReba unda mieqces kooperatiul moZraobis
ganviTarebas da maT daxmarebas saxelmwifos mier. marTalia, mTavro
bis deklaraciaSi sxvaTa Soris esec moxsenebulia, magram swored es
unda Seiqmnas mTavrobis moqmedebis deda boZad. rasakvirvelia, me ar
moviTxov kerZo iniciativis mospobas. dRevandel pirobebSi es Seu
Zlebelicaa, magram mTavrobis ekonomiuri sistema amas verc daemyare
ba da arc unda daemyaros.
socialur urTierTobis gardaqmnaSi TviT mTavrobam unda ga
moiCinos iniciativa da ara morcxvad ambobdes, rogorc es deklara
ciaSia, rom, Tu evropaSi moxda rame sasargeblo mSromel xalxisTvis,
amiT visargebloTo. ase kiTxvis dayeneba SeuZlebelia.
mxolod zemoaRniSnuli gabeduli azriT da ara kapitalizmis fe
tiSad gadaqceviT, mTavroba Seqmnis saR niadags ekonomiur da finan
siur mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad.
erTs garemoebas minda moviqcio kidev Tqveni yuradReba.
Tu mTavrobam alRo ar auRo Tanamedrove moments, cxovreba Tavi
sas mainc gaitans da amiT SeiZleba sababi mieces anarqiul elementebs
socializmis saxeliT Cvensken gamoilaSqron. agvir dagvireven wesi
erebas da mizanSewonil, saR saxelmwifo Semoqmedebis magier CvenSi
gaCaRdeba anarqia da samoqalaqo omi.
sagareo politikaSi Cven dRevandlamdis garemoebaTa mixedviT
imperialistur saxelmwifoebTan gvqonda saqme. Cveni mTavrobis mova
levobaa exla daiWiros kavSiri da iqonios meti urTierToba social
istur elementebTan Cvens gareSe da evropaSi.
yvela am mosazrebaTa gamo mTavrobis gegma ar migvaCnia mizanSe
wonilad. Cvenis Rrma rwmeniT, Tu mTavrobam ar Sescvala radikalu
rad Tavisi gegma, mizans ver miaRwevs da Cven, gamsWvalulni diadis
mizniT saqarTvelos respublikis ganmtkicebisa da mSromel xalxis
sabolood gamarjvebisa, vawarmoebT kritikas yvela nabijebisas, ro
melnic ewinaaRmdegebian Cvengan aRniSnul gegmas.
moqalaqeno! damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva diadi faqtia yoveli
eris cxovrebaSi. es faqti aRniSnuli unda iyos. me movelodi mTav
robis deklaraciaSi gancxadebas amnistiis Sesaxeb, magram ver vnaxe
igi. Cven moviTxoveT, rom gamocxadebuli iyos sruli amnistia yve
la politikur damnaSaveTaTvis da Seumsubuqdes sasjeli ubralo
borotmomqmedT.
82
neba miboZeT, exla fraqciis davalebiT wavikiTxo socialist fe
deralistTa deklaracia.
deklaracia
83
li elementebi SeTqmulebas gvimzadebdnen. amas zed daerTo didi
ekonomiuri krizisi, romelic gamoiwvia msoflio omma, xolo gaar
Tula Cvenma saerTo mouwyoblobam. saWiro iyo SeerTebulis ZaliT
dacva axlad mopovebuli Tavisuflebisa, Seqmna saswrafod elemen
taruli saxelmwifoebrivi aparatisa da ndobis mopoeba respublik
isadmi xalxSi.
pirvel xanebSi saqarTveloSi marTlac gaerTianebuli erovnu
li fronti iyo, magram male dairRva igi da mTeli simZime muSaobi
sa da brZolisa axali weswyobilebis gansamtkiceblad mxolod or
partias daawva social-demokratebs da socialist-federalistebs.
Cveni da maTi SeTanxmebuli muSaoba kritikis Seneleba, dadebi
Ti saqmianoba aucilebeli piroba iyo axlad Seqmnil saxelmwifos
keTildReobisaTvis.
damoukideblobis arsebobis aTma Tvem ganvlo. marTalia saqarT
velos sakiTxi jer sabolood gadaWrili araa da ara erTi safrTxea
mosalodneli, magram dRes saqarTvelos respublikis azri sakmaod
gantkicebulia qarTvel xalxSi. gareSe mtrebmac igrZnes Zala Cve
ni saxelmwifoebriobisa da Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba ufro
saimedoa. dRes mowveulia dafuZnebeli kreba da saqarTvelos damou
kideblobas xels advilad veravin Seaxebs.
es damoukidebloba dRevandel pirobebSi migvaCnia erT-erT saxed
eris Tavisuflebisa. Cven federalistebi viyaviT da dResac feder
alistebi varT. msoflio cxovrebis ganviTarebis gza iseTia, rom
federatiuli kavSiri erebisa aucilebeli pirobaa kacobriobisa, am
am kavSirs daJinebiT moiTxovs agreTve TviT Cveni qveynis garTulebu
li ekonomiuri interesebi.
amitom Cven gvmarTebs megobruli kavSiri viqonioT yvela saxelm
wifosTan, gansakuTrebiT ki mezobel erebTan.
Cveni sagareo politika sxva da sxva garemoebaTa gamo dRe
vandlamde iZulebiT mimarTuli iyo mxolod didi imperialistul
saxelmwifoebisaken da maTi saSualebiT Cveni Tavisuflebis uzrun
velyofisaken. magram Cven viciT, rom revoliucia ar damTavrebula
da gadavida evropaSiac. Cven mowmeni varT msoflio ZiriTad gar
daqmnisa da socialuri revoliuciis xanaSi SevdivarT. amitom Cve
ni partia saqarTvelos saxelmwifosagan moiTxovs met daaxlovebas,
kavSiris gabmas socialistur demokratiasTan Cvens garSemo da ev
ropaSi.
exla damfuZnebel krebis winaSe sdgeba gadasawyvetad sakiTxi: ra
socialuri Sinaarsis unda iyos Cveni saxelmwifo, ra unda ganaxor
cielos, ra mizani unda daisaxos man? aq Cveni da mmarTveli partiis
gza erTmaneTs Sordeba, Cveni gegmebi erTmaneTs upirispirdebian.
mmarTveli partia apirebs saqarTveloSi daamyaros martooden
demokratiuli saxelmwifo da erideba misces mas socialisturi xa
siaTi.
84
Cven ki, socialist federalistebi vamtkicebT: erovnuli aRor
Zineba wilad xvda saqarTvelos mSromel xalxs da mis ideologias.
saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis droSa aris droSa socialisturi
demokratiisa. am demokratiis, mSromeli massis saqmea Cveni qveynis
ekonomiuri aRorZinebac Segnebuli gansazogadoebruli meurneobiT,
romelic unda moawyon kooperativebma, saerobo da saqalaqo TviT
marTvelobam da mTelma saxelmwifom. damfuZnebelma krebam am mizniT
unda gadasinjos agraruli kanoni da miwaTmflobeloba moawyos so
cializaciis principebze.
amas gvikarnaxebs finansiuri mosazrebac. saqarTvelo ekonomi
urad CamorCenilia, mcxovrebTa saSualo Semosavali Zlier mcirea,
saqarxno safabriko warmoeba ganuviTarebelia; saxelmwifos Semo
savlis wyaro naklebad aqvs: gadasaxads ver gaawers xalxs imdens,
rom dahfaros Tavisi xarji. verc kapitalistebis dabegvra uSve
lis, radgan maTi ricxvi mcirea. erTad erTi saRi saSualebaa farTo
sazogadoebrivi, saerobo, saqalaqo da saxelmwifoebrivi meurneobis
mowyoba. mxolod am gziT avicdenT, sxvaTa Soris, sursaT sanovagis
ima krizissac, romelic dRes ase mwvavea.
amgvari muSaobiT ganxorcieldeba ornairi mizani: ganaRdeba,
aiwevs Sromis nayofieroba, ganmtkicdeba respublikis finansiuri
mdgomareoba. Seiqneba ekonomiuri simdidre da meores mxriT nawi
lobrivi gasazogadoebuli meurneobiT SevemzadebiT socialisturi
warmoebisaTvis.
Cven ar gvgonia, rom dResve SesaZlebeli iyos socializmis ganx
orcieleba. dRes aris mxolod garda mavali xana da Cvenma saxelmwi
fom unda Seiqnas socializmisTvis elementebi. socializmi martood
en saqarTveloSi ver ganxorcieldeba, magram saqarTvelo mzad unda
iyos socializmis misaRebad da ara marto propagandisa da agitaciis
meoxebiT, aramed meurneobis TandaTanobiTi koleqtivizaciiT da es
unda exebodes erTnairad rogorc qalaqs, ise sofels.
Cveni sakuTari moqmedebiT unda mouspoT anarqiul Zalebs yove
live sababi socializmis saxeliT gamoilaSqron Cvensken: es SeuZlian
Cven saxelmwifos, Tu daadgeba zemoxsenebul socialur cvlilebaTa
gzas da kerpad ar gaixdis burJuaziuli demokrataul wyobilebas.
Cveni miznebi gansazRvraven saxelmwifoebriv aparatis agebu
lobasac. Tavdacva dResac sazrunav sagnad gvaqvs da unda gvqondes:
amisTvis saWiroa samxedro saqmis reorganizacia da TandaTanobiT ga
dasvla saxalxo miliciis sistemaze, magram udidesi yuradReba unda
movaqcioT im dawesebulebebs, romelTa mizani aris Sromis da meurne
obis organizacia.
saWiroa farTo decentralizaciis ganxorcieleba, unda dam
yardes mWidro kavSiri TviT xalxTan. mTavroba unda emyarebodes
adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs, amasTanave ganxorcielebul unda
iqmnas moqalaqeTa iniciativis ufleba da referendumi.
85
didi yuradReba unda mieqces agreTve erovnul umciresobaTa
uflebis uzrunvelyofas, Tu Cven afxazeTsa da samahmadiano saqarT
veloSi ar ganvaxorcielebT gamocxadebul TviTmarTvelobas, friad
garTuldeba saqme da Cven ver SamovikrebT Cvens garSemo gafantul
elementebs.
damfuZnebel krebaSi Cven yovelTvis kritikas gauwevT da Seve
brZolebiT imisTana nabijebs, romelic zemoxsenebul mizezebs ewi
naaRmdegeba.
savsebiT viTvaliswinebT Cven dRevandels mZime da rTul
pirobebs. erTi mxriT unda davamyaroT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoe
brioba. movawyoT sakuTari Tavisufali cxovreba, meore mxriT Semza
debulad SevegeboT im socialur revoliucias, romelic ukve daw
yebulia. swored es garemoeba gvavalebs vawarmooT kritika fxizeli
da saqmiani.
magram Cveni respublikis dacvaSi, visganac unda moelodes mas sa
frTxe, socialist-federalistTa partia yovelTvis mzad iqneba mxar
Si amoudges damfuZnebel krebas da TavdadebiT, sakuTaris sisxliT
daicavs saqarTvelos Tavisuflebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs kedias.
86
bevrad bevria Cvens yoveldRiur moqmedebaSi. pirveli saqme, romel
ic unda damfuZnebel krebas gaekeTebina, mTavrobis Sedgena iyo; es
ukve moxda da axali mTavroba warsdga kidevac damfuZnebel krebis
winaSe. es mTavroba CvenTvis ucnobi ar aris. mis Semadgenloba igivea,
rac saqarTvelos parlamentis dros iyo. araviTari axali elemente
bi am mTavrobaSi ar Semosula, arc pirovnebis saxiT da arc rogorc
fsiqologiuri motivi. amitomac am mTavrobis momavali saqmianobis
warmodgena SeiZleba misi warsuli moqmedebis analizis saSualebiT.
14 marts mTavroba warsdga Cvens winaSe Tavis moqmedebis an
gariSiT. 21 marts man dagvixata momavali moqmedebis programma. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom 21 martis aqeT Cveni mTavrobis ZiriTadi Sexedule
bebi da programma ver gamoicvleboda da darCeboda, rac 21 martam
de iyo. amitomac misi momavali moqmedeba rom gamovicnoT, sakmarisia
gadavxedoT mis warsuls, imas Tu ras warmoadgenda igi damfuZnebel
krebis mowvevamde.
erTi umTavresi aqti saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi _ saqarTvelos da
moukidebloba _ moxda Cveni mTavrobis politikis da mTeli im mimar
Tulebis winaaRmdeg saidanac mTavroba aris gamosuli. meored rac
ZiriTadia da centri da romlis garSemoc trialebs mTeli qarTve
li xalxis energiac da politikac, Cveni mTavrobis miswrafebas ar
warmoadgenda da mis ganxorcielebaSi mas arc fsixologiuri monaw
ileoba miuRia, da arc moqmedobiTi. es movlena aRniSnuli iyo TviT
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris sityvaSi. cxadia, rom is mTavroba, romel
sac saqarTvelos politikur saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobis
Zieba Tavis dReSi ar hqonia da romelmac mxolod garemoebis Zalda
tanebiT Caibara ukve damoukidebel saqarTvelos marTva-gamgeoba,
cxadia, rom aseTi mTavroba ver gamoiCenda im SemoqmedebiT saxelmwi
foebriv politikas, romliTac mxolod SeiZleboda am Cveni qveynis
saxelmwifo Senobis ageba da gamagreba. aqedan warmosdga mTeli rigi
Secdomebisa saSinao da sagareo moqmedobaSi. es xalxi fsiqologi
urad moumzadebeli iyo erovnuli saxelmwifos SeqmnisTvis. misTvis
gaugebari iyo saxelmwifoebrivi politika, romelic yovelgan uaR
res kompromiss Txoulobs, amis nacvlad es xalxi awarmoebs cal mx
riv da damqsaqsav politikas, idga klasobriv brZolis niadagze da
sazogadoebaSi sTesda „kamagis“ da Seurigeblobis ideologias, is
garemoeba naklebaT iyo saxifaTo saqarTvelos im nawilebSi, sadac
qarTuli eTnografia, sadac teritoria mTlianaT qarTvelebiT iyo
dasaxlebuli, sadac Segneba da fsiqologia wminda erovnulia. xolo
aseTi politika damRupavi da sabediswero Seiqmna saqarTvelos im
nawilebSi, sadac sxva da sxva istoriis dros an eTnografia aWrele
bula an Tu eTnografiuli erTferoba Senaxula samagiero fsixikiT
da SegnebiT gadagvarebulia. da marTlac mTavrobas saqarTvelos ga
napira kuTxeebSi Secdoma Secdomaze mosdis. soxumis olqi, baTomisa
da zaqaTlis olqebi igive borCalo, axalqalaqis da axalcixis maz
87
rebi yvela es kuTxeebi erTi cocxali suraTia Cveni mTavrobis Semc
dari politikisa.
amave poltikis Sedegi iyo saqarTvelos sruli izoliacia, me
zobel saxelmwifoTagan, rogoricaa aderbeijani, mTielTa respub
lika da somxeTi. es imitom moxda, rom mTavrobis politika, romel
ic revoliucionur-socializmis programas adga, ver Seurigda da
ar daindo mezobeli saxelmwifoni, romelnic Zalian Soris iyvnen
sarevoliucioT socializmis programasTan. saqarTvelos mTavroba
am saxelmwifoebTan daaxlovebas erovnul saxelmwifoebriv sazomi
Ta da saWiroebiT ki ar arkvevda, aramed partiul ideologiis Tval
sazrisiT da amitomac ganmartoebuli rCeboda. misi moqmedebis xazia
mudmivi meryeoba qanaoba erTis mxriv am mebrZol internacionalur
politikasa, da namdvil erovnul saxelmwifoebriv politikis So
ris, meores mxriv. da igi dResac am yofaSia. mTavrobas dResac ara
aqvs gamorkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Semoqmedobis orientacia, is Tu
romeli princips misces upiratesoba da saxelmZRvanelod gaixados,
moskovis principi Tu parizisa. dRes es ori centria mTels evropa
sa da amerikaSi. ori centri gars ikrebs gansxvavebul idealisa da
meTodis xalxebs. erTimeoris uarmyofel Rirebulebas Seicven, ver
gamoerkvia da Cveni mTavrobis politika ar sCans, saiTken ixreba. da
es gaurkvevloba uaRresad mavnebelia da saxifaTo Tu erTis mxriT,
Cven mTavrobas moskovis centrisadmi fraqciuli siZulvili aqvs,
meore mxriv masTan principiali siyvaruli akavSirebs, maSin rodesac
parizis centri Cven mTavrobisaTvis mxoloT da mxoloT principia
luri mZulvalobis sagans warmoadgens. es garemoeba xels uSlis imas,
rom saqarTvelos idea antantis ideam dainaTesavos.
amnairaT, saqarTvelos mTavrobis politika Sin gvasustebs gva
kargvinebs teritorias. gamogvTiSa mezobel saxelmwifoebisagan da
ganmartoebiT dagvsva. man aqac ver Segvariga im erTaT erTi orient
acias da centrsa, romelic dRes wesierebisa da saxelmwifoebriv
simtkicis ideas warmoadgens.
meore mxriv, axalgazrda saxelmwifos gamagrebisTvis im pirobeb
Si, ra pirobebSiac Cven aRvmoCndiT, aucileblaT iyo wesieri jaris
Seqmna. Cven mTavrobis politika ki am saqmes im TaviTve mtrulad Sex
vda, vinaidan igi wlobiT aRizarda am reguliari jaris siZulvilSi;
radganac misi miswrafeba saerTaSoriso gaiaraReba iyo, es idealu
ri Sexeduloba principialuri pozicia am sakiTxisadmi man pirdapir
Cvens sinamdvileSi gadmoitana da jaris Seqmna Seaferxa TiTqmis Seu
Zlebeli gaxada. am gvaraT ori garemoeba, _ erTis mxriv, SeuZlebloba
imisa, rom Cveni mdgomareobis Sesaferi Seqmniliyo; xolo meore mxriv
farTo lozungebi da internacionaluri politika, _ ai es ori faqto
ri saqarTvelos gamagrebis saqmes xels uSlida. jaris Seqmnis magier,
mTavroba internacianalistur solidarobis frazebs razmavda; Se
degaT borCalos saqme miviReT. borCalos SemTxveva aSkarad mowmobs,
88
rom Cveni mTavroba Zmoba-erTobis frazeologias ar SerCenoda da
saqarTvelo droze gaefrTxilebina, maSin saqarTvelos Tavze ar daa
tydeboda is sircxvili da ubeduroba, romelic borCaloSi mouvida.
es mazra, saqarTvelos udavo nawili TviT Zveli mTavrobis azriTac,
nawilaT CamogvWra da nawilaT kidev sadavoT gaxda. da amis sabuT
ze Cven mTavrobas Tavisi xelic uweria! aqedan vambobT Cvens katego
riul azrs. saqarTvelos rom drozed mieRo saWiro zomebi, mteri
borCaloSi ver Semovidoda da borCalos mazra dResac mTlianaT
saqarTvelos xelSi iqneboda. magram, sworeT imitom, rom mTavro
bas ar hqonda alRo da instinqti mtris cnobisa, sworeT imitom, rom
mTavroba kidev solidarobaze laparakobda, rodesac mtris jarebi
gamalebiT ukve Tbilisisken modiodnen, ai sworeT imitom mogvivida
borCalos katastrofa.
rom am sagans Tavi davaneboT da SevexoT mTavrobis moqmedebas
wminda Sinaur politikis fargalSi, Cven aq mwuxarebiT unda aRvniS
noT misi sruli ususuroba da fsiqologiuri moumzadebloba saxel
mwifos Seqmnis saqmisTvis.
Zveli wyobilebis Senoba dangreulia da axalis simtkice aqamdis
ver avageT; sasamarTlos damoukidebloba, romelic yovelgan da yov
el reJimis patiosani mamuliSvilis umTavres sazrunavs Seadgenda,
saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. sasamarTlo administraciis gavlenis qveS
imyofeba. axali demokratiuli wesi sasamarTlos institutis Ses
aqmelad ver gamoviyeneT ise rogorc saWiro iyo; arCeul mosamarT
leTa Soris bevri iseTia, romelic am TanamdebobisTvis sruliad ga
mousadegia. am or momentiT iwyoba sasamarTlos gaxrwna da Tu saqmes
droze ar miveSveleT, sasamarTlos gaxrwnas Tan mohyveba sazogadoe
bis daSla, _ gaTaxsirebac.
administracia, ver sdgas Tavis daniSnulebis simaRleze, igi par
tiuli angariSis gamasworebeli agenti ufroa, vidre saxelmwifos
cxovrebis wesierebis agenti.
umTavresi ZarRvi Cveni sazogadoebriv cxovrebisa, razedac Cve
ni momavali hkidia gaxlavT, Cveni ekonomiur viTareba. rom garedan
araviTari xifaTic ar mogvelodes da saerToSoriso urTierToba
Si, Cveni damoukidebloba sruliad uzrunvelyofili iyos, vimeoreb,
rom am mxriv saqarTvelos araviTari SiSi da xifaTic rom ar moe
lodes, maSinac gveeWveba Cven norC qvenis bedi, radgan Cveni ekonomi
uri cxovreba iseTi wesiT midis, rom SeuZlebelia katastrofamdis
ar CavaxwioT. vis miuZRvis amaSi brali? ra Tqma unda, erT wuTsac
ar unda davkargoT mxedvelobidan is saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba,
romelic dRes arsebobs, romelic arTulebs da aZnelebs ekonomiur
cxovrebas, normalur ekonomiur saqmianobas. es erTi mizezi unda
saxeSi viqonioT, rodesac dRevandeli Cveni qveynis ekonomiur fi
nansiur mdgomareobas vixilavT; magram amis gverdiT aris adgilo
brivi wminda subieqturi meore mizezi, romelic xels uwyobs Cvens
89
ekonomiur daSla-ganadgurebas. ai swored aq aris Cveni mTavrobis
socialisturi codo da danaSauli. 1918-wlis 7-Tvis Tavisufleba
Cven Zvelma mTavrobam 26 milioni valiT daamTavra. momaval wlisT
vis igive mTavroba erTi orad met vals varaudobs. mTeli qoneba,
romelic saqarTvelos Tvis wilad darCa Zveli reJimisagan damou
kideblobis gamocxadebis aqtiT erT ganZs warmoadgenda, did ganZs,
ramac finansiur-ekonomiurad didi daxmareba gagviwia ama Tu im
saWiroebis dakmayofilebis saqmeSi. saxelmwifos am qonebidan bevri
ram, ra Tqma unda, uTavbolod daekarga. dRes es mzamzareuli qone
ba gamogvelia, aRar gvaqvs; ase rom, momdinare wlis vali swored
amis gamo, gacilebiT imaze meti iqneba, rac navaraudevia Cvenis
biujetiT. valiT scxovrobs mTeli saxelmwifo, valiT scxovroben
Cveni TviTmarTvelobebi; amave dros fulis fasi TandaTan ecema da
cxovreba ufro da ufro Zvirdeba. mosalodnelia CvenSiac is mox
des, rac safrangeTSi revoliuciis dros, rodesac zogi pirvel saW
iroebis saqoneli misi wona qaRaldis fuli Rirda. Tqven warmoidg
ineT progresiulad sanovagis gaZvirebisa da fulis gaiafebis svla
da maSin dainaxavT Tqveni damoukideblobis safrTxesa da katastro
fas. da aqamdisin araviTari Ronis Zieba ar iyo miRebuli mTvrobis
mier, rom qveynis ekonomiuri mdgomareoba gamoebrunebina. mTavro
bas ar surs isargeblos im nacadis da erTad erTis gziT, romliTac
yovelgan da yovelTvis Seqmnila da dagrovila xalxis simdidre. ar
aris araviTari garantia, rom mesakuTres SeuZlian Tavisi moZrav
Tu uZravi qoneba Tavisuflad moixmaros, daimuSavos, gadaatri
alos. mTeli amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi Cveni bankebi da sxva da sxva
sakredito dawesebulebebi TavianT operaciebs ar awarmoeben, maT
dahkarges ndoba; xalxs bankebSi fuli aRar miaqvs, rogorc is iyo
umal; soflis xalxi, vis xelSic dRes mTeli fulia Tavmoyrili, un
doblad ucqeris bankebs, imitom, rom darwmunebuli ar aris, Tu iq
fuli Seitana, rom mas ukan miiRebs saWiroebis drosa. dRes mwarmoe
beli ki martoka sofelia, qalaqSi mas Semoaqvs Tavis nawarmoebebi
da qalaqidan masve sistematiurad fuli gaaqvs; am fuls igi Sin uZ
ravad abinavebs. es fuli, amnairad, trialidan gamodis da hkargavs
sazogado Rirebulebas, misi fasi TviT mis patronisaTvisac ecema;
imave dros soflis meurneoba Tan da Tan krizisSi Sedis. revoli
ucionuri wesiT miwis sakiTxis gadaWram yvela daazarala, saerTo
meurneoba dasca da sargebloba vervis moutana. Tu wminda politi
kur sferaSi revoliucia advilad asatania, ekonomiur cxovrebaSi
ase ar gaxlavT; revoliucionuri Ronis Ziebas aq pirdapir dangreva
da ganadgureba Semoaqvs. am wesma mTeli erTi nawili sazogadoebisa
quCaSi usaxsro dahyara. xolo sazogadoebis meore nawilSi mtace
bloba da warTmevis instikti auSva, saerTod soflis meurneobaSi
arev-dareva da anarqia Seitana. amis avtoria Cveni mTavroba. magram
rogorc sxva dargSiac, man aqac kiseri moitexa da loRikur wi
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naaRmdegobaSi gaixlarTa. Tu memamulis mimarT igi daadga sakuTre
bis uaryofis gzas da miwebi sruliad usasyidlod CamoarTva, umi
wawylo da mcire mamulian glexebis mimarT ki sakuTrebis princips
daadga. am kategoriis miwis muSaobas mTavroba mxolod sasyidliT
aZlevs CamorTmeul miwebs. aseTi usistemo da uloRiko ekonomiu
ri politika, romelic sarevolucio demagogias ver gascilebia da
SemTxveviTi partiuli zraxvebisTvis aris mogonili, qveynis ekono
miur mdgomareobas ver moagvarebs, da soflis meurneobasTan erTad
Cveni qveynis vaWroba-mrewvelobas gaanadgurebs.
saqonlis gatana-Semotana gaZnelda. mTeli 7-8 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
mTavrobam Tvisi beci politikiT saqonlis gatan-Semotana Seaferxa,
da mxolod exla, rogorc es mTavrobis oficiozur presaSi irkveva,
igi adgeba im gzas, romelsac misgan yovelTvis uSedegoT moviTxo
vdiT, es aris Tavisufali da kerZo iniciativis gza.
mrewvelobis sakiTxi CvenSi kidev ufro unugeSoa; aravis ara aqvs
garantia, rom Tu saqme daiwyo, raime dadebiT Sedegebs miaRwevs. muSe
bis profesionalur kavSirebis sakiTxi, maTi _ dRevandelis formiT
pirdapir SeuZlebels hyofs ekonomiur saqmianobas, am mizezebis gamo
Cveni qveynis ekonomiuri cxovreba mieqaneba ufskrulisaken; exla ukve
TviT socialistebisTvisac cxadia, rom misi gamobruneba socialis
turis wesiT da eqsperimentebiT yovlad SeuZlebelia. da rac ufro
male daadgeba mTavroba nacad da saimedo burJuaziul saxelmwifoe
briv Semoqmedebis gzas, miT ufro male da advilad SeiZleba Cveni
ekonomiur finansiur mdgomareobis gaumjobesoba da Tu mTavrobas
surs xalxis ekonomiur mdgomareobis gaumjobesoba, da Cveni saxel
mwifos konsolidacia, man unda dahgmos sarevoliucio socializmis
gza da moipovos ndoba xalxis TvalSi; yoveli mesakuTre meurnisa da
vaWar-mrewvelis TvalSi. amis garantiebs ki mTavroba ar iZleva, da
maSin rodesac Tavis deklaraciaSi iseT wvrimalsac ki aRniSnavs, ro
goricaa sanitaruli zomebis miReba, igi saWirod ar sTvlis uTxras
soflis xalxs, da qalaqis vaWar-mrewvelebs, rom maTi namuSavari, pi
radi iniciativiT an TaosnobiT Seqmnili saqme da qoneba xel Seuxe
beli iqneba. mTavrobas ver gaubednia, an Tu ar surs saqveynoT da xma
maRla icnos mesakuTris ufleba Tavis sakuTrebazed! xolo Tu es ar
moxda, yovlad SeuZlebeli iqneba Cven mdgomareobis gamobruneba. Tu
raime dadebiTi iyo mTavrobis moqmedebaSi aqamdis, es imdenad xdebo
da, ramdenadac igi xan da xan uaxlovdeboda Tavis praktikasa da mo
qmedebaSi im burJuaziul zomebs, romlis didi SemoqmedebiTi roli
cxovrebiT da gamocdilebiT aris dadasturebuli, xolo ramdenadac
igi Sordeboda, am nacad iaraRs da waisocialist revoliucionereb
da imdenad met zians aZlevda Cvens Sinagan da sagareo mdgomareobas.
rogori unda iyos momavalSi Cveni damokidebuleba am gvaris
warsuli mqone mTvrobisadmi. mTavrobis momavali politika, iqneba
gagrZeleba misi warsul politikisa; xolo misi warsul politika,
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rogorc es davinaxeT aRsavsea mraval da sabediswero SecdomebiT.
igi principialad miuRebelia, radgan saxelmwifosi da sazogado
cxovrebis amSlelia da ara damlagebeli. amitom Tavis Tavad cxadia
da aSkara, mTavrobas en bloc ndobas ver mivcemT mis momaval moqmede
baSi. magram aris erTi sakiTxi, garduvalad yvelasTvis savaldebu
lo sakiTxi, uzenaesi savaldebulo kategoria _ Cveni qveynis Tavisu
flebisa da damoukideblobis sakiTxi. am sakiTxSi yvela mTavrobasTan
viqnebiT yovel gasaWiris drosa. danarCen sakiTxebSi, sadac mTavro
bis revoliuciuri socializmis miswrafeba da meTodia, principi
al da saqmian opozicias davadgebiT. radgan dRevandeli mTavroba
mxolod SeiZleba dadges gamosadegi, rodesac igi Tavis Tavs radi
kalurad gardaqmnis. mTavrobis muSaoba imdenad iqneba pozitiuri da
sasargeblo Cveni qveynisTvis, ramdenad igi Tavis momaval moqmedeba
Si Tavis warsuls daupirispirdeba; ramdenadac igi SesZlebs Tavis
uaryofas, da daadgeba namdvil burJuaziul demokratiul gzas, im
denad ufro sasargeblo da ufro swori iqneba misi nabiji da ufro
mtkice Cveni ekonomiuri mdgomareoba. misi warsul politikis gagr
Zeleba ki Cvens qveyanas daRupavs da gaanadgurebs. amiT vaTaveb mTav
robis deklaraciisa da angariSis mokle ganxilvas da dasasrul unda
mxolod survili gamovsTqva, rom damfuZnebel krebam, romelsac dae
vala Cveni qveynis dafuZneba, gamoiCinos saWiro gonebis sifxizle, da
utopiurs anTebaSi ar Caswvas Cveni qveynis bedi da momavali.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
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romelic in corpore Tavis beds socialistebs andobs _ ai Cveni sinam
dvile, Cveni eris politikuri saxe.
Cvens damfuZnebel krebaSi feodalur aristokratias Tavisi war
momadgenlebi ara yavs. es SemTxveviT ar aris, vinaidan didma revoli
uciam feodalur klass sasikvdilo laxvari Casca!
7 Tu 8 deputati _ ai mTeli siZliere Cveni burJuaziisa! aseTia
CvenSi mebrZol ZalTa ganwyobileba, da vinc dResac, social-demokra
tiuli damfuZnebeli krebis Semdegac gaiZaxis:
Cven vitanjebiT kapitalizmis ganuviTareblobis gamo, Cven viR
vwiT burJuaziis politikuri batonobisaTvisa, is ar aris revoli
ucioneri, _ is revoliuciis likvidatoria!..
(taSi eserebis skamze).
ZalTa aseTi iSviaTi ganwyobileba Cven ver gamoviyeneT revoli
uciis ara sityvier, aramed realuri gaRrmavebisaTvis da rogorc
sCans verc gamoviyenebT. amas mowmobs mTeli warsuli Cveni politika,
amas adasturebs is deklaracia, romelic aq mTavrobam warmoadgina!
Cveni revoliucia aris mSromelTa revoliucia, revoliucia
klasobrivi, mimarTuli privilegiur klasebis politikur da ekono
miur batonobis winaaRmdeg.
CvenSi gabatonebulma social-demokratiulma mimarTulebam es
revoliucia warmoidgina, rogorc brZola mxolod kapitalizmsa
da feodalizms Soris, rogorc revoliucia burJuaziuli _ aq aris
dasawyisi, aq aris wyaro im oportiunistuli politikisa, romelsac
awarmoebda mTavroba, romelsac awarmoebda umravlesobis partia.
Sedegebi am politikisa yvelam kargaT icis.
TiTqmis erTi weliwadi sruldeba, rac Cven damoukidebloba gam
ovacxadeT da am xnis ganmavlobaSi Cven ver SeviZineT verc erTi moka
vSire. piriqiT, TiTqmis yvela mezobel erebTan Cven omi da Setakeba
mogvixda. Cven ver davicaviT nacionalizmis poziciebi da davTmeT
internacionalis poziciebic. ai Sedegi Cveni meryevi sagareo poli
tikisa!
administracia Cveni gadaiqca TviTnebobisa da zneobrivi-gax
rwnis sinonimaT marTva gamgeobis da zed gavlenis Zveli policiu
ri meTodebiT man dasca prestiJi axali weswyobilebisa da niadagi
moumzada anarqias CvenSi!
dausjeli danaSauli da daumsaxurebeli warmateba gadaiqca
Cvens administratiul praqtikaSi Cveulebriv movlenad!
Cven TiTqos didi yuradReba mivaqcieT Tavdacvis saqmes, magram
ver SevqeniT verc xeiriani reguliaruli jari da verc namdvili sax
alxo milicia! Cven TiTqmis yvela frontebze davmarcxdiT, _ es iyo
Sedegi im uprincipobisa, im orWofi politikisa, romelsac Tavdacvis
saqmeSi Cven vadeqiT. Cven miviReT kanoni reguliaruli jaris Sesaxeb,
Cven miveciT am jars monarqiuli wesdeba da amnairad axali urTier
Tobis xanaSi Cven movisurveT Zveli sistemiT, Zveli gziT siaruli!
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Tavisufali da miudgomeli sasamarTlo yovelTvis Seadgenda
yvela patiosan moRvaweTa ocnebas, ideals, samwuxarod Cvenda, Cveni
sasamarTlo arafriT ganirCeva Zveli biurokratiuli sasamarTlosa
gan: igive zedgavlena sferoebisa, igive daviwyeba marTl-msajulebis
maRali pativis da movaleobisa!., ekonomiuri dargi Cveni cxovrebisa
sruliad xel uxlebeli aris. am dargs jer ar ugrZvnia revoliucia,
am dargSi revoliuciis monapovari mxolod liToni sityvaa. CvenSi
xSirad amboben Cveni respublika politikuri Tavisuflebis oazisi
ariso. CvenSi arsebuli ZalTa ganwyobileba da Tanamedrove saer
TaSoriso situacia Cven gvaZlevs srul SesaZleblobas, rom saqarTve
lo gadavaqcioT axali socialuri cxovrebis oazisad. damfuZnebeli
kreba, mowveuli aseT pirobebSi unda iqnes upirveles yovlisa orga
no brZolis, organo revoliuciis socialuri gaRrmavebisa. esmis ra
am nairad daniSnuleba saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebas, social
ist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia adgens Semdeg deklaracias.
deklaracia
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa.
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saboloo ganmtkiceba da dakanoneba demokratiuli Tavisuflebis:
sinidisis, sityvis, beWdvis, krebebis, profesiis, mimosvlisa, gaficve
bis, kavSirebisa.
namdvili da sruli garantia pirovnebisa da binis xelSeuxeblo
bisa; sayovelTao, Tanaswori pirdapiri, faruli da proporciona
luri saarCevno ufleba yvela moqalaqeTaTvis ganurCevlad sqesisa,
sarwmunoebis da erovnebisa.
Cveni saxelmwifos politikuri forma aris demokratiuli res
publika uprezidentoT.
sruli decentralizacia marTva gamgeobaSi da xalxis pirdapiri
monawileoba kanonmdeblobaSi referendumisa da sakanonmdeblo ini
ciativis saxiT; administraciis sruli reorganizacia demokratiul
niadagze, savaldebulo da yvelasaTvis Tanaswori saero ganaTleba.
sinidisis Tavisufleba uzrunvel yofil unda iqnes, saxelmwi
fosagan eklesiis sruli gancalkevebiT.
Tavisufal xalxur saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo unda iqnes gansaxi
ereba umaRlesi samarTlianobisa da patiosnebisa; mxolod sasamarT
lo xalxuri, miudgomeli da damoukidebeli ganamtkicebs uflebas da
daicavs Tavisuflebas!
samxedro sasamarTloebi da yvela samosamarTlo dawesebuleba
ni, romelnic ewinaaRmdegebian am principebs, dauyonebliv gauqmebul
unda iqnes!
Zveli saukunoebis samarcxvino memkvidreoba _ jalaTi da saxCobe
la Tavisufals da xalxur saqarTveloSi ar unda iqnes.
socialistur-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs sikvdiliT
dasjis dauyovnebliv gauqmebas.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs politikur dam
naSaveTa sruls amnistias, vinaidan politikur uflebaTa SezRudva
ewinaaRmdegeba Tavisufali demokratiis uflebriv Semecnebas.
revoliuciis dagvirgvinebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mTavrobis sakiTxs.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia acxadebs: mxolod mTav
roba WeSmariti socialisturi programiTa da moqmedebiT, mTavroba
ZiriTadi socialuri gardaqmnisa _ gauZRveba Rirseulad revoli
ucionur mSromel xalxs.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia mxolod aseT mTavrobas ga
moucxadebs Tavis ndobas da mTeli Tavisi Zal-RoniT mxars dauWers mas.
miwisa da Tavisuflebis integralur lozungSi gamoixata
revoliuciis aucilebeli gezi sameurneo qveynebSi. miwis sakiTxis
sworad gadaWras glexur saqarTveloSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eZleva.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia damfuZnebel krebaSi mTe
li Tavisi Zal-RoniT daicavs miwis socializacias. fraqcia moiTxovs
mTels miwaze burJuaziuli sakuTrebis gauqmebas da miwis mTeli misi
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simdidriT, tyeebiT, wylebiT da madneulobiT xalxis saerTo avla
didebaT gamocxadebas. parlamentis mier miRebuli reaqcionuri da
wvril burJuaziuli kanoni miwebis gayidvisa ewinaaRmdegeba, ro
gorc miwis muSebis interesebs, ise socializmis miznebs soflad.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs am kanonis dauy
ovnebliv gauqmebas!
awarmoebs ra kapitalistur weswyobilebis winaaRmdeg aqtiur
brZolas soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs warmoebaze muSaTa kantrolis
dawesebas, samuSao dRis Semcirebas (8 saaTi da sxv.) da mTeli Tvisi
Zal-RoniT daicavs yvela im zomebs, romelnic xels Seuwyoben muSaTa
klasis fizikurisa da sulieri Zalebis dacvas da socializmisaTvis
misi brZolis unaris gaZlierebas.
iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi Cveni mwarmoebeli Zalebis ganuviTare
blobas da mZime ekonomiur kriziss, soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs qvey
nis ekonomiurs cxovrebaSi saxelmwifosi da adgilobriv demokrati
ul organoebis aqtiur Carevas.
am Carevis mizani unda iqnes sazogadoebrivi meurneobis da kole
qtiur warmoebaTa uaRresi ganviTareba, vinaidan dRevandel pirobeb
Si mxolod am gziT SeiZleba Sromis nayofierebis aweva da mwarmoeb
el ZalTa gajansaReba.
soc. revoliuc. fraqcia moiTxovs, rom gadasaxadebis mTeli
simZime daawves mdidar klasebs, raTa Semosavalsa da memkvidreoba
ze progresiuli gadasaxadebis dawesebiT sruliad ganTavisufldes
mSromeli xalxis uRaribesi nawili.
saqarTvelo aris respublika yvela erebis, romlebic masSi mosax
leoben. mxolod politika internacionaluri, politika erTa Tanas
worobisa da solidarobisa, _ SeiZleba daedvas safuZvlad saqarTve
los demokratiis saxelmwifoebriv moRvaweobas.
ganapira olqebis cxovrebis mogvareba, maTi erovnul-kulturu
li moTxovnilebaTa sruli dakmayofileba, _ iqneba soc.-rev. fraqci
is erTi umTavresi sazrunavi.
sdgas ra revoliuciis monapovarTa da eris damoukideblobis
sadarajoze, soc-rev. fraqcia moiTxovs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ar
sebuli sistemis ZiriTad reorganizacias da saqarTvelos mudmiv
neitralobasTan erTad daicavs saxalxo miliciis sistemis dauyone
bliv cxovrebaSi ganviTarebas, vinaidan mxolod Tavisufali eri, Ta
visuflad gawvrTnili da SeiaraRebuli daicavs Rirseulad Tavis
damoukideblobasa da Tavisuflebas.
soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma
krebam daamyaros Zmuri damokidebuleba yvela mezobel da Soreul
erebTan da gansakuTrebiT demokratiul da socialistur saxelmwi
foebTan, vinaidan soc-rev. fraqcias Rrmada swams, rom mxolod me
zobel erebTan da demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan solidarobiT da
urTierTi sasicocxlo interesebis swori gagebiT da uflebiTa cno
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ba-pativiscemiT ganmtkicdeba Cveni Tavisufleba, dagvirgvindeba mS
romelTa revoliucia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
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rogorc dRes gvirCevdnen aq, is ver gadagvarCenda. arc is gvixsnida,
rom parizis gezze davmdgariyaviT, vinaidan parizis gezi ar icnobs
am xazs revoliuciisa da revoliuciis msvlelobisa; Cven aviReT is
gezi, romelsac moiTxovda TviT revoliucia da misi Sinagan ZalTa
ganwyobileba da moqmedeba.
Cven ar SegveZlo angariSi ar gagvewia amisTvis, Tu ra xdeba dasav
leT evropaSi, ra ZalTaganwyobileba ibadeba da iqmneba iq. magram
erTi unda aRvniSno xazgasmiT: rom mTavari xazi Cveni moqmedebisa
aris nakarnaxevi ZalTa ganwyobilebiT CvenSi da ara evropaSi. mTa
vari Zala, romelzedac Cven SegviZlian daveyrdnoT, es aris urT
ierToba saqarTveloSi da ara urTierToba germaniaSi, gind inglis
Si, gind safrangeTSi, gind romelime sxva saxelmwifoSi. angariSis
gaweva erTia da mTavaria samoqmedo gegmis miReba imis mixedviT, Tu
ramdenad Zlieria proletariati germaniaSi, gind inglisSi, an amer
ikaSi. diax, amaze dayrdnoba da mTavari samoqmedo gegmis amaze ageba,
niSnavs Tavis patara navis zRvis talRebSi umweod gaSvebas mxolod
imitom, rom iq sadRac did-okeaneSi didi gemebi dasrialeben. yovel
SemTxvevaSi demokratias social demokratias, romelsac dRemdis eW
ira saWe revoliuciisa da romelic miuZRoda Cven saxelmwifos, ro
am gziT eara, Cveni navi didi xania STanTqmuli iqneboda. magram so
cial-demokratia ar gahyva am xazs, man alRo auRo swored imas, rac
xalxis gulSi da sulSi ixateba.
Cveni cxovrebis gulSi vinc Caixedavs, is dainaxavs aSkarad rom
Cven gvRupavda da gvRupavs ara moWarbebuli warmoeba da mrewveloba,
aramed sisuste da uZluroba misi. SexedeT Tqven dRevandel kriziss,
romelsac Cven uZaxiT finansur kriziss, an ekonomiur kriziss, gana
es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom viRacas da raRacas ar misces gza Tavi
sufal ekonomiur ZalTa ganviTarebis? sruliadac ara. saqme sruli
adac imaSi ar aris. saqme imaSia, rom ekonomuri ZalTa ganviTareba
TandaTanobiT xdeba, da TandaTanobiT ganviTarebas ki SeuZlia dam
yareba imaze, rac arsebobda guSin da guSinwin, xolo is, rac guSin
da guSinwin arsebobda, metad mcirea. Cveni ekonomiuri viTareba
Cambuli iyo iseT pirobebSi, rom is yvelafers garedan iRebda. igi
ufro saeqsploatacio sagans warmoadgenda ucxoel kapitalistebi
sa, ucxoel vaWrebisa, vidre Sinaur ZalTa ganviTarebis Sedegs. cxa
dia, maSin rodesac garSemo boboqrobs revoliuciis talRebi ingre
va revoliuciis mier yovelive urTierToba, ingreva sawarmovo ZalTa
saSualebani, Cveni qveyana aucileblad ekonomiur krizisSi unda Ca
vardniliyo.
Cven gveubnebian, rom 10 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar aRorZinda warmoe
ba, ese igi ar gaCaRda fabrikebi, qarxnebi, didi texnikuri saSuale
banio. me vityvi, ara Tu revoliuciis xanaSi, ara Tu arev-darevis
dros, sruli mSvidobianobac rom iyos Cven wyobilebaSi saqarTvelo
Si, sruli mSvidobianobac rom iyos ganxorcielebuli Cvens garSemo,
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ramdenime Tveebis da wlebis ganmavlobaSi warmoeba ar gaCaRdeba.
ZalTa ganviTarebis Sedegebi ise uecrad ver mogvevlineba, is SeiZle
ba aRmocendes mxolod TandaTanobiT, sistemiurad da ara uecrad
moevlinos qveyanas, rogorc saswauli. ara, saswauli ara xdeba, da
social-demokratia sruliad marTalia, rodesac fiqrobs, rom aseTi
saswauli dRes arsaidan ar moelis Cvens qveyanas. amiT aixsneba Cveni
ekonomiuri mdgomareoba, romelsac aq bralad adeben, rasakvirvelia,
social-demokratias, da im movaleobas, romelsac igi uWers mxars. ma
gram es niSnavs imas, rom roca navs zRvis talRebi aqanaveben, es mov
lena daabralo menaves da ara im veeberTela talRebs, romelic navze
bevrad Zlieri arian (taSi) da marTlac rogor SeiZleba mTavrobas
davavaloT mTeli qveynis ekonomiuri aRorZineba da ganviTareba?
me mgonia, rom es unda daevalos imas, vis xelSiac aris qonebrivi
da ekonomiuri SesaZlebloba am ganviTarebisa. Cven gveubnebian maT
undoblobaze socialistur mTavrobisadmi. me amas Sevabrunebdi da
vityodi, ufro swori iqneba vilaparakoT maT undoblobaze saku
Tar Zalebisa, sakuTar Taosnobisadmi. es samwuxaro faqtia, magram
mainc unda aSkaraT vaRiaro igi. Cven viciT, rom arc rekviziciis,
arc CamorTmevis, da arc sxva aseTi movlenis SiSiT spekuliacia arc
erT ZalTagans ar Seuwyvetia. maSin, rodesac yvelaze ufro mosal
odnelia aseTi sarekvizicio da sxva zomebis miReba swored spekuli
aciis winaaRmdeg rogorc xedavT, saqme aq ndobaSi da undoblobaSi
ki ar aris, aramed ufro Rrmad aris Camarxuli cxovrebis wiaRSi da
iqidan Cven verc erTi mTavroba ise swrafad, ise iolad, ise uecrad
ramdenime Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ver amogviyvans. miT ufro sakvirve
lia, rodesac aseT pirobebSi moiTxoven dauyonebliv socialistur
gardaqmnisTvis mzadebas, da Tundac dauyonebliv gasazogadoebrio
bas sxvadasxva warmoebis dargebisa. unda mogaxsenoT, didi guldas
miT usmendi am sakiTxis avtorT, vinaidan es uaRresi mniSvnelobisaa
yoveli socialistisTvis. marTlac, Tu ki dResve SeiZleba gasazo
gadoebrioba sxvadasxva dargebisa, sxva da sxva warmoebis sferoSi,
gana amas romelime socialisti uaryofs? me velodi dasaxelebas
am warmoebisas da ai Cem yurs moesma axlod ori sityva: afTiaqi da
eleqtroni. me ara mgonia, rom am or dargze warmoebisa daemyaros,
an momaval socializmis Zalebi, man unda Sehqmnas iseTi diadi ram, an
iseT faqtorad iqces, iseTi mniSvnelovani gaxdes, rom momaval wyo
bilebis Canasaxad gardaqceva mainc moaxerxos. es ubralo municipa
luri ekonomiuri politikaa, romelzedac Tamamad, rogorc maxsovs,
vgoneb, Zvel drosac, ai mefis weswyobileba rom iyo, maSinac Tamamad
laparakobdnen, proeqtebs adgendnen mis gansaxorcieleblad. magram
maSin aravin ar fiqrobda, rom aqedan iseTi diadi Sedegebi warmodge
boda, romelsac aq gvixataven.
marTlac Tu iqidan warmoidgineT socialisturi nabijebis Cven
Sic SesaZlebloba, rom germaniaSi xdeba iseTi didi gasaxelmwifoe
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brioba da gasazogadoebrioba warmoebis dargebisa, unda gulax
dilaT mogaxsenoT, rom es gamowveulia iq im veeba, did ekonomiur
ZalTa ganviTarebiTa da farTe warmoebiT, romelmac saocari sis
wrafiT gaSala frTebi am ukanasknel dros germaniaSi da romliTac
man TiTqmis mTel kaciobriobas gauswro. magram Tu es xdeba ganviTare
bis umaRles safexurze, es kidev ar niSnavs, rom msgavsi ram CvenTvisac
SesaZlebelia, radganac aseTi ganviTareba CvenSi arc ki dawyebula
da gana SeiZleba gansazogadoebriveba imis, rac arc dawyebula? da
rodesac aseT proeqtebs gviyeneben, rogorc erTad erT saxelmwifoe
briv gegmas, Cven unda gulaxdilad vsTqvaT: social-demokratiuli
fraqcia aseT eqsperimentebis gzas ver daadgeba. rac ar arsebobs, imis
gasazogadoebriobaze laparaki zedmetia. jer unda Zala warmoiSvas,
Seiqnas is urTierToba, is texnikuri ekonomiuri saSualeba, romel
zedac SeiZleba dayrdnoba da Semdeg gveqneba msjeloba, Tu rogori
saxe unda mieces mis sazogado moxmarebas, gasazogadoebrivebas. mana
mdis ki, sanam Cven ekonomiur ZalTa ganviTareba saTanado safexurs ar
miaxwevs, amaze sjobs vsdumdeT.
CvenTvis, rasakvirvelia, Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs koleq
tiur, SeerTebul moRvaweobas, arsebiTad, rogoric aris qalaqis
TviTmarTveloba, erobebi, kooperativebi da sxva, magram ara naklebi
mniSvneloba aqvs kerZo iniciativas. sadac da visSiac ki aseT inicia
tivas davinaxavT, Cven mxolod xelis Semwyobi viqnebiT misi. Cven, rom
daujeroT mopirdapireebs da avarTvaT kerZo iniciativas saSualeba
Tavis energiis gamoCenisa es eniSneba imas, rom qveyanas CamovarTvaT
erTi didi Zala, romelsac SeuZlian monawileoba miiRos mis momaval
ekonomiur cxovrebis ganviTarebaSi.
ai es gaxldaT is saerTo xazi Sinaur politikaSi, romelsac Cven
vadgivarT. TviT reformebi, romlebsac atarebda Cveni fraqciis xe
lmZRvanelobiT Cveni mTavroba, TviT es revoliucionuri reformebi,
Tavis arsebiT, Tavis mniSvnelobiT am saerTo xazs ar gadascilebia;
agraruli reformac swored amave xasiaTisa iyo, da swored amisT
vis gaxda igi misaRebi Cveni xalxisaTvis. es reforma gatarebulia
swored arCevnebis win, da arCevnebis SedegebSi Cven gvaqvs dastu
ri imis, rom xalxs is moewona, xalxma is misaRebad CaTvala, mizanSe
wonilad da Sesaferisad Cveni cxovrebis urTierTobisa.
is, rac arCevnebis win gatarebulia cxovrebaSi, rac waredgineba
xalxs arCevnebis win, iRebs dasturs, an uaryofas arCevnebSi. da ai,
Sedegi arCevnebisa Cven gveubneba, rom es nabiji iyo swori da dRes
maT gauqmebaze laparaki sul zedmetia damfuZnebel krebaSi; piriqiT
Cven gvgonia, da Rrmad darwmunebuli varT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
aseT arCevnebis Semdeg valdebulia, es aSkarad da mkafiod gamoxat
uli neba, survili xalxisa ganaxorcielos da cxovrebaSi gaataros.
sxva gvarad ar SegviZlian warmovidginoT TviT damfuZnebel krebis
mniSvneloba da misi azri, Tu is ar ganaxorcielebs imas, rac xalx
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ma gamosTqva, rac misma gonebam gadasWra, rac man TavisTvis sasarge
blod miiCnia.
saSinao politikaSi Cven, maSasadame SemdegSiac im saerTo
demokratiul xazs unda davadgeT, romelic vimeoreb, saukeTeso Tav
debia Cveni momavali weswyobilebisaTvis momzadebisa.
aseTsave xazs unda davadgeT Cven, da videqiT kidec dRemdis
sagareo politikur urTierTobaSi: demokratiuli sagareo politi
ka verasodes ver daemsgavseba verc viwro burJuaziul nacionalur
sagareo politikas (xma: socialisturi) diax, da verc iseTi gaxdeba,
rogorsac aq axali memarcxeneebi gvikarnaxeben, romliTac TiTqos
SeiZleboda moskovis, an sxva aseT wreebis megobrobis mopoveba. Cven
gvgonia, rom CvenTvis saWiroa da aucilebeli im axali demokratiul
xazis gatareba sagareo urTierTobaSi, romelsac dRemde vadeqiT.
aq aris laparaki ara marto imaze, rom saerTaSoriso urTierTobas
safuZvlad unda daedos urTierT ganwyobileba Zmobisa da solidar
obis, aramed imazedac, rom am saerTaSoriso urTierTobis mTavari
ZarRvi unda iyos saerTo mSvidobianobisadmi miswrafeba, me vici ra
sastik kritikas gamoiwvevs es politika. gvetyvian, _ gana Cven mudmiv
omianobis xanaSi ar vcxovrobTo? diax vcxovrobT, me mets vityvi, saqa
rTvelos ar hqonia arc erTi dRe, rom iaraRi ar sWerodes xelSi da
mteri ar moegerebios. magram saqme imaSi ki ar aris, rom mteri gvesx
meva Tavs, saqme imaSia, rom xazi sagareo politikisa, sagareo urT
ierTobisa iyos iaraRi imave dros damcveli saxelmwifosi, da meores
mxriv momniWebeli gamarjvebisa. da Cven SegviZlian Tamamad vsTqvaT,
rom is Ria, aSkara, naTeli politika, naTeli politikuri xazi, ro
melsac awarmoebs Cveni demokratia dRemdi, daedva safuZvlad imas,
rom yoveli mteri, romelic ki garedan Semogvesia, yovelTvis moral
uradac damarcxebul iqmna da fizikuradac damarcxda saqarTvelos
demokratiis mier. (taSi) SesaZlebelia Cven, rom veragulad da muxa
naTurad Tavs davsxmodiT, magaliTad somxebs, SeiZleba loric agve
Ro da aleqsandropolic, magram Cven did zneobriv damarcxebas mi
viRebdiT. SesaZlebeli iyo agreTve, rom sxva gareSe mezoblebisTvis
dagvenaxvebina Cveni Zala, da iaraRiT Ramis sibneleSi davcemodiT,
magram me, vambob, demokratiisTvis aqvs mniSvneloba ara imas, rom
iaraRis gamarjveba moipovos, aramed imas, rom iaraRiT gamarjvebas
Tan erTad moipovos zneobrivi gamarjvebac da ase ganamtkicos is mTa
vari idea, rom misi sityva da misi saqme mimarTulia swored xalxis
solidarobisaken; da TviT maSinac ki, rodesac misi iaraRi sWris da
scelavs, igi unda sWrides ara ideas mSvidobianobisas, aramed am mS
vidobianobis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTul Zalas. es aris mTavari xazi
Cveni mTavrobis politikisa dRes, da es xazi man unda gaataros kidev
ufro meti sisworiT, ufro meti gambedaobiT. Cven, rasakvirvelia
gvaqvs ara erTi wvrilmani Secdomebi. magram gana vinc axal gzas ikaf
avs, waborZikebis ufleba ara aqvs? damisaxeleT iseTi Zveli, gamoc
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dili diplomati, romelsac angariSi erTxelac ar SeSlodes da maSin
me vityvi, rom Cvenc ar unda wavforxilebuliyaviT meTqi. maSasadame
is mTavari xazi, romelic gvaniWebs mudmiv gamarjvebas yovel mxriv
saerTaSoriso urTerTobis sferoSi, gana es wesi ar aris misaRebi da
dasamtkicebeli damfuZnebel krebisgan? pasuxi aq erTad erTi SeiZle
ba. dadebiT Secdomebze Cven unda vilaparakoT maSin, rodesac konk
retiul faqtebTan gveqneba saqme, da ara dRes, rodesac vmsjelobT
sazogado politikur xazze, Tamamad SegviZlian vsTqvaT, es xazi iyo
swori, es xazi iyo udavo, da mimniWebeli CvenTvis gamarjvebisa, da es
xazi unda darCes momavalSiac. aq kidev erT garemoebas gansakuTrebi
Ti yuradReba unda mivaqcio, esaa izoliacia saqarTvelosi, romelic
gamowveuli iyo TiTqos am Cveni sagareo politikiT. me ki vambob, Tu
izoliaciis rgoli tydeba, da tydeba TandaTanobiT, es aris Sedegi
Cveni demokratiuli politikisa, da TviT izoliacia ki aris Sedegi
ara Cveni politikisa, aramed Sedegi imisa, rom saqarTveloa erTad
erTi kuTxe, romelsac namdvili revoliucionuri suli da guli Ser
Ca. Tu gindaT analogia, igi im mxriv safrangeTs waagavs, safrangeTs
konventis droisas, rodesac safrangeTs mteri eseoda yovel mxriv.
magram es iyo Sedegi ara safrangeTis Sinaur da sagareo politikisa,
aramed maTi revoliucionerobisa. Tqven iciT isic, rom yvela Tav
dasxmas, romelic ganicada saqarTvelos demokratiam, yvela Tavdasx
mas sarCulad edo mospoba imisa, rac Cven revoliuciiT mogvipovebia,
gauqmeba yvela im Rirebulebisa, romelic xalxma sisxliT SeiZina,
da romlis SenarCuneba mas swadda, da swadia dResac. ai es gaxlavT
mTavari mizezi, umTavresi safuZveli Cven garSemo atexil omianobi
sa. diax, es Tu, gnebavT aris omi ara marto saxelmwifoebrivi, aramed
umTavresad da upirveles yovlisa wminda klasobrivi. es aris omi am
demokratiis winaaRmdeg, vinaidan Tamamad SeiZleba vsTqva, rom Cven
gvaqvs saxelmwifo, saqarTvelos respublika, romelic ase vsTqvaT,
udris meore mcnebas, demokratias, demokratiis mmarTvelobas da
batonobas, da aris Zalebi da elementebi Cvens garSemo, romelic ra
saxiTac da ra formiTac unda Camoyalibdes, es iqneba mxolod bege
bi da sxva Zveli gabatonebuli wreebi, romelTa interesi verasodes
ver Seurigdeba, ver SeuTanmxdeba, ver Seiwynarebs revoliucias,
demokratiis interesebs, da amaT Soris brZolis iaraRiT Setakeba
gana gasakvirvelia? yoveli forma da saxe, romelsac iRebs es omi, es
brZola, aris mxolod is Sirma, romeliTac surT dahfaron namdvili
klasobrivi, pirdapir Savrazmuli Tavdasxma Cvens demokratiaze. Ta
vis droze TviTeul am omis istoria ase iyo gaSuqebuli da dRes amis
uaryofa iqneba mxolod faqtebis winaSe Tvalis dabrmaveba.
aseTi gaxlavT is saerTo xazi, saerTo mimdinareoba, romel
sac adgia Cven mier arCeul pirisagan Sedgenili mTavroba da so
cial-demokratiis fraqcia, romlis saxeliT me vlaparakob. dRes,
savsebiT iziarebs im politikas, da swams, rom damfuZnebeli kreba,
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romelic Seqmnilia qarTvel demokratiis mier Tavis brZolis un
ariT, Tavis politikur gamWriaxobiT, dRes mxarSi amoudgeba mTeli
Tavis energiiT, mTeli Tavis ZlierebiT am mTavrobas; da es mTavroba,
rogorc dRemdis atarebda yovelgvar gansacdelSi Cveni qveynis navs,
ise dRes gaatarebs mas, raTa gadaarCinos yovelgvar xifaTisagan da
miaxwios iq, saiTkenac miiswrafeba Cveni eri, Cveni demokratia, Cveni
xalxi. (taSi).
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tralur komisias, da mxolod mas Semdeg miecema saSualeba samandato
komisias es xmebi gaanawilos sxva da sxva partiaTa Soris. amitom sama
dato komisiam dastova es sakiTxi RiaT.
Semdegi gaxlavT xaSuris arCevnebi. xaSuris arCevnebSi momxda
ra Semdegi defeqti: cameti amomrCeveli ar aris Setanili aRniSnul
oqmebSi, saarCevno komisias gamourkvevia is sakiTxi da iq aRmoCenila
Semdegi: erTi siidan meoreze gadaweris dros gamoCenila is cameti
amomrCeveli, amitom centralur komisias kanonieraT ucvnia arCevne
bi da miuTvlia es xmebi pirvel nomerisTvis.
Semdeg gaxldaT aseTi SemTxveva: raWis zogierT kuTxeSi yuTi
aemoZravebiaT da sxva da sxva alagas daedgaT. amis Sesaxeb gankar
guleba moaxdina centralurma komisiam da es soflebic TanaxmaT am
gankargulebisa moqceula. samandato komisiam es arCevnebi daamtki
ca, mxolod daadgina, rom aReniSna es defektebi. unda mogaxsenoT,
rom rodesac centralurma komisiam gamoitana es dadgenileba, aq
daeswro yvela partiis warmomadgeneli da rogorc sCans saTanado
oqmidgan, araviTari protesti ar iyo gancxadebuli.
imave raWaSi iyo Semdegi SemTxveva: rogorc mogexsenebaT arCev
nebi unda dawyebuliyo 14-s da dasrulebuliyo 17-s; raWis mazraSi
ki zogierT soflebSi arCevnebi 17-s daiwyo da gagrZelda 3-dRe. amis
mizezi gaxldaT is, rom arCevnebis dros mosula didi Tovli, komisia
gaCerebula gzaSi, saSualeba ar hqonia misuliyo aRniSnul adgilze
da arc amrCevlebs hqoniaT saSualeba yuTTan gamocxadebuliyvnen. sa
mazro komisiam neba darTo arCevnebi dawyebuliyo 17-s. ase rom xe
lovnurad da borot moqmedebiT ar yofila gamowveuli arCevnebis
daniSvna vadis Semdeg, aramed sruliad moulodnelma dabrkolebam
xeli SeuSala, da rom amrCevlebis did umetesobas miscemoda saSuale
ba Tavis moqalaqeobrivi ufleba ganexorcielebina, samazro komisias
daurTavs neba. samandato komisiam miiRo mxedvelobaSi da arCevnebi
daamtkica, magram iqve daumata, rom esec aReniSnos damfuZnebel kre
bis sayuradRebod.
Semdeg gaxlavT Telavis mazris arCevnebi. aq ramdenime soflis
arCevnebma eWvi gamoiwvia samandato komisiaSi. es exeba erTis mxriv
sofel gulgulas. am sofelSi momxdara Semdegi SemTxveva: adgilo
briv sazogado yrilobas daudgenia, rom ama Tu im dRes gamovcxad
deT yvela da yvelam mivceT xma #1. da asec uqniaT. arCevnebis dRes
marTlac yvela gamocxadebula da miuciaT xma, magram saarCevno
komisias xmebi adgilobriv ar dauTvlia. yuTi iqve daubeWdiaT da
CamoutaniaT samazro komisiaSi. samazro komisias sxva da sxva parti
aTa warmomadgenelTan gauxsnia da marTlac aRmoCenila imdeni xma,
ramdeni amrCevelic gamocxadebula, da yvelas miucia #1. centralur
komisias es arCevnebi ar daumtkicebia manam, sanam ar gagzavnes spe
cialuri komisia TelavSi, rom gamoerkviaT, hqonda Tu ara adgili
raime borot-moqmedebas. centralur komisiis mier gagzavnili mcire
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komisia, dabrunebis Semdeg akeTebs moxsenebas, romlidanac irkveva,
rom araviTar borot-moqmedebas adgili ar hqonia. mxolod Tu yuTi
gasaxsnelad CamoutaniaT samazro komisiaSi, es aixsneba imiT, rom
soflis sazogadoeba ar aris gacnobili yvela kanonebs, romelnic
unda daicvas. aq hqonia adgili ubralo gulubpyvrilobas da ara
borotmoqmedebas. centralur komisiam gaiziara es Sexeduloba da
arCevnebi daamtkica.
Semdeg aris ramdenime sofeli imave Telavis mazraSi, romelTa
damtkicebam saarCevno komisiaSi gamoiwvia dava. am davas iwvevs is
garemoeba, rom zogierT yuTebSi aRmoCnda konvertebi meti, vidre
iyvnen amrCevlebi. magram es konvertebis umravlesoba iseT mcire
ricxvs warmoadgens, rom SeuZlebelia, ifiqros kacma, rom aq hqonda
raime borot-moqmedebas adgili. zogan, magaliTad aris 17-ti, zogan
2. saarCevno centralur komisiam daamtkica is oqmebi, da samandato
komisiamac daamtkica, mxolod gamosTqva, rom es defeqtebi aRsaniSna
vi aris damfuZnebel krebis sayuradRebod. TviT is faqti, rom yuTeb
Si meti konvertebi aRmoCnda, vidre amrCevlebi, aixsneba imiT, rom
sofelSi amrCevlebi modian erTad da siebSi aRniSvnas ver aswrebden.
Setanili ki yvela yofila. es ar CaiTvleba rasakvirvelia borot-mo
qmedebaT da samandato komisiam es oqmebi daamtkica.
Semdeg gaxlavs wyneTis da sxva sazogadoebebis oqmebi. aq momxda
ra, rogorc irkveva centralur komisiis oqmebidan, raRac borot-mo
qmedeba. amis Sesaxeb daniSnulia komisiebi. komisiebis muSaoba jer ar
damTavrebula, amisTvis centralur komisias ar miuTvlia arc erT
partiisaTvis es xmebi, da samandato komisiac moklebuli iyo saSuale
bas es xmebi mieTvala, sanam ar gamoirkveva ramdenad kanonierad mox
da es arCevnebi. amitom es xmebi arc erT partias ar eqneba miTvlili.
jer-jerobiT am rigad yvela amis aRniSvnis Semdeg samandato komisiam
saarCevno oqmebi yvela arCevnebisa daamtkica. is xmebi, romelnic cen
tralur komisias ar dauTvlia, samandato komisiasac ar miuTvlia.
am rigad saerTo xmebi, romelnic kanonierad aris cnobilni udris
505,477. 15-t partiaTa Soris es xmebi ganawilebulni arian ese:
siam #1. (saq. soc. dem. muS. partiam) miiRo 409.766 xma.
siam #2. (saq. er.-dem. partiam) miiRo ... 30.154 xma.
siam #3. (saq. soc. rev. partiam) miiRo ... 21.453 xma.
siam #4.(„daSnakciutiun“-ma) miiRo ... 2.353 xma.
siam #5. (saq. soc. feder. partiam) miiRo ... 33.721 xma.
siam #6. (musul. erovnul sabWom) miiRo ... 6 xma.
siam #7. (saq. rad. demokr.) miiRo ... 3.107 xma.
siam #8. (saq. erovnul partiam) miiRo ... 1.532 xma.
siam #9. (memarc. soc. federalist par.) miiRo ... 1.616 xma.
siam #10. (SoTa rusTavlis jguf. par.) miiRo ... 51 xma.
siam #11. (damouk. upart. kavS.) miiRo ... 795 xma.
siam #12. (borC. mas. mcxov. mos. jguf.) miiRo 77 xma.
105
siam #13. (rus. soc. dem. muS. par.) miiRo . 779 xma.
siam #14. (estetiurma ligam patriot.) miiRo 53 xma.
siam #15. (saq. elinTa demokr. jgufma) miiRo 14 xma.
Semdeg gamoangariSebuli aris metri. metri udris 3724 x.
metri aris dontis sistemisa da mogexsenebaT am sistemis Sinaar
si, rom Tu romelime partia, Tu ginda savaraudo metris nakleb xmas
miiRebs, eseni iricxvebian saerTo ricxvidan da maTi xmebi aravis ar
eTvleba. am metris Tanaxmad xmebi ganawilebulia partiebTa Soris
da gamoangariSebuli aris, Tu ramdenma partiam ramdeni deputati
gaiyvana.
social-demokratiulma partiam _ 109-deputati.
1. Jordania noe nikolozis Ze.
2. jiblaZe silibistro besarionis Ze.
3. CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) simonis Ze.
4. wereTeli irakli giorgis Ze.
5. ramiSvili noe besarionis Ze.
6. gegeWkori evgeni petres Ze.
7. xomeriki noe giorgis Ze.
8. ramiSvili isidore ivanes Ze.
9. Cxenkeli akaki ivanes Ze.
10. arsenisZe raJden maTes Ze.
11. lomTaTiZe aleqsandre spiridonis Ze.
12. giorgaZe grigol kimoTes Ze.
13. maxaraZe gerasime Tomas Ze.
14. eliava nikoloz zurabis Ze.
15. CxikviSvili beniamin grigolis Ze.
16. ServaSiZe varlam aleqsandres Ze.
17. juReli valeriani anTimosis Ze.
18. niniZe kirile ieses Ze.
19. vardoianci mikiC karapetis Ze.
20. axmetelaSvili vladimer giorgis Ze.
21. andronikaSvili konstantine manuelis Ze.
22. kovaliovi mixeil andrias Ze.
23. oniaSvili daviT efremis Ze.
24. xoWolava muxriniona maqsimes Ze.
25. dgebuaZe aleqsandre ivanes Ze.
26. farnievi aleqsandre ivanes Ze.
27. Tevzaia biqtor vasilis Ze.
28. gvarjalaZe konstantine iagoris Ze.
29. abaSiZe haidar alibegis Ze.
30. gernSteini erik adolfis Ze.
31. eraZe giorgi pavles Ze.
32. loskutovi andria vasilis Ze.
33. salayaia ioseb beJanis Ze.
106
34. gelieiSvili petre pavles Ze.
35. jafariZe sergo daviTis Ze.
36. ter-parsegova maxvilaZisa eleonora mixeilis asuli.
37. saluqvaZe anania maqsimes Ze.
38. TofuriZe diomide aleqsandres Ze.
39. jiblaZe vladimer giorgis Ze.
40. mamedovi gusein guli-mamed oRli.
41. rusia meliton ivanes Ze.
42. anjafariZe giorgi nestoris Ze.
43. SarvaSiZe yadir Tanbegis Ze.
44. paSalidi ivane giorgis Ze.
45. CixlaZe rafiel aleqsis Ze.
46. sayvareliZe pavle daviTis Ze.
47. cabaZe vasil zaqarias Ze.
48. naTaZe levan iasonis Ze.
49. gagloevi giorgi aleqsis Ze.
50. urataZe grigol ilarionis Ze.
51. davaraSvili mose raxamis Ze.
52. jafariZe konstantine iasonis Ze.
53. cincaZe noe konstantines Ze.
54. Zvelaia barnab pavles Ze.
55. guruli zaqaria daviTis Ze.
56. Ciqava aleqsandre Citos Ze.
57. yifiani ruben luarsabis Ze.
58. SaraSiZe daviTi grigolis Ze.
59. mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze.
60. gonaSvili dimitri mixeilis Ze.
61. toroSeliZe minadora efremis asuli.
62. surgulaZe simon elizbaris Ze.
63. gurjua vasil giorgis Ze.
64. nodia vasil giorgis Ze.
65. auStrovi ruben giorgis Ze.
66. miqelaZe osman Savyi efendi.
67. qumsiSvili nikoloz giorgis Ze.
68. sabaxtaraSvili konstantine beJanis Ze.
69. panievi konstantine abgeris Ze.
70. kandelaki konstantine platonis Ze.
71. badriZe ilia giorgis Ze.
72. SaraSiZe qristine giorgis asuli.
73. sulaqveliZe apolon almasxanis Ze.
74. kopaleiSvili ilia ivenes Ze.
75. WavWaniZe ivane Tedores Ze.
76. WiabriSvili andria iakobis Ze.
77. cincaZe giorgi iosebis Ze.
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78. CxeiZe daviT anduyafris Ze.
79. bolqvaZe elisabed iosebis asuli.
80. ciskariSvili gabriel dimitris Ze.
81. TevzaZe sardion onisimes Ze.
82. cincibaZe grigol dimitris Ze.
83. fircxalaiSvili ilia giorgis Ze.
84. kikvaZe Tedore gabrielis Ze.
85. kaciaSvili nikoloz aRdgomelis Ze.
86. tatiSvili ivane aleqsis Ze.
87. kvaracxelia ioseb antonis Ze.
88. wulaZe vasil qaixosros Ze.
89. imnaiSvili nikifore besarionis Ze.
90. emuxvari arzaya konstantines Ze.
91. gomarTeli ivane gedevanis Ze.
92. biuli pavle iakobis Ze.
93. eligulaSvili ioseb aaronis Ze.
94. kiRuraZe lavrosi pavles Ze.
95. gvaramaZe Tavaz-yadir-mamac-guli oRli.
96. ruxaZe levan porfiles Ze
97. axmetelaSvili siko giorgis Ze.
98. SevCuki gerasime dimitris Ze.
99. zaxarovi dimitri vasilis Ze.
100. wulaia pavle lukas Ze.
101. beriSvili pavle abramis Ze.
102. bakuraZe vasil zurabis Ze.
103. kalaZe ermaloz TeTores(!) Ze.
104. WeliZe Teimuraz stefanes Ze.
105. murvaniZe giorgi eqvTimes Ze.
106. faRava giorgi aqvsentis Ze.
107. maWavariani ioseb ivanes Ze.
108. JRenti leonti almasxanis Ze.
109. loria filipe glaxunis Ze.
erovnul-demokratiulma partiam _ 8 deputati.
1. nikolaZe nikolozi (niko) iakobis Ze,
2. kedia spiridon malxazis Ze.
3. qiqoZe geronti dimitris Ze.
4. gvazava giorgi beJanis Ze.
5. TayaiSvili eqvTime svimonis Ze.
6. maWavariani ioseb konstantines Ze.
7. asaTiani aleqsandre samsonis Ze.
8. surgulaZe petre rostomis Ze.
soc. revoliucionerebma _ 5 deputati.
1. Sengelia leo andrias Ze.
2. nucubiZe ilia daviTis Ze.
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3. gobeCia ivane pavles Ze.
4. gobeCia ioseb pavles Ze.
5. naTaZe grigol iasonis Ze.
soc. federalistTa sarevoliucio partiam _ 8 deputati.
1. lasxiSvili giorgi mixeilis Ze.
2. rcxilaZe grigol simonis Ze.
3. nucubiZe varlam (Salva) isakis Ze
4. fircxalava samson giorgis Ze.
5. aleqsi mesxiSvili Salva vladimeris Ze.
6. baraTaSvili iese aleqsandres Ze.
7. gedevaniSvili ioseb konstantines Ze.
8. mdivani simon gurgenis Ze.
sxva danarCen partiebs ar gauyvaniaT arc erTi deputati. saman
dato komisia winadadebas iZleva, rom damfuZnebel krebam icnos es
arCevnebi kanonierad da daamtkicos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ioseb baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (soc. f.) Cveni fraqcia zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar
eTanxmeba samandato komisiis dadgenilebas.
rogorc moismineT momxsenebelisgan raWaSi momxdar zogierT qa
laqebSi, zogierT soflebSi raWis mazrisa arCevnebi momxdara 17, 18
da 19-s 14-15-16-s Tebervlis magier. marTalia im dros qarbuqi idga
da biuletenebi ver gadaitanes daniSnul droze, magram aqedan ver ga
moitanT daskvnas, rom romelime komisias eZleodes Cveni debulebiT
ufleba Tavisi nebiT daniSnos axali vada arCevnebisa. amisTvis Cven
Semogvaqvs winadadeba, rom es arCevnebi gadaidos SemdegisTvis,
rodesac danarCen alagebSi moxdeba damatebiTi arCevnebi da es ki Cve
nis azriT gauqmebuli unda iyos.
Telavis mazraSi, rogorc moismineT moxda arCevnebi sofel gul
gulaSi. es arCevnebi ukanonoa, radganac arCevnebis kanoni aris dar
Rveuli. me unda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba, rom ar ari daculi for
maluri mxare. magram im formas mosdevs Sinaarsis darRvevac. me ver
vityvi, rom moxda raime borotmoqmedeba. miuxedavad amisa aRsaniS
navia, rom sul amomrCevlebi iyvnen 429 da arCevnebSi yvelas miuRia
monawileoba. es hbades eWvs. amisTana arCevnebi arsad ar momxdara:
arc erTi avad ar gamxdara, arc erTi dahklebia, suyvela mosula yuT
Tan. es yuTi CautaniaT mazris komisiaSi q. TelavSi da iq dauTvli
aT, biuletenebi. es darRveva aris kanonisa, da Cven ver CavTvliT amas
wesierad.
sofel yarajala da axtalaSi, rogorc moismineT, ricxvi gamocxa
debuli amomrCevelTa raodenobisa ar eTviseba sias. gamocxadebulni
aRniSnulni arian, siaSi da merme rodesac daiTvales biuletenebi,
ukanaskneli aRmoCnda meti. amas adgilobrivi komisia xsnis imiT, rom
xalxi erTbaSad movida da ver moaswres Cawera siaSi. es sabuTi, ar
migvaCnda sapatiod. sami dRe iyo arCevnebi, 16-ti kvira dRe iyo, xalxi
109
Tavisufali iyo da dros ganawileba SeiZleboda. komisias saSualeba
hqonda arCevnebi moewesrigebina?
Cvenis azriT ukanono iyo arCevnebi Tbilisis 14 da 20 ubanSi. Cven
gvgonia, es arCevnebic gauqmebulad unda CaiTvalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs aleqsandre asaTians.
aleqsandre asaTiani. (erovnul.-dem.) bb. damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrno! erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis davalebiT, ukve momxdari
arCevnebis zogierT mxares unda Sevexo. damfuZnebel krebis samanda
to komisiis mdgomareoba iseTi iyo, rom mas ar unda daemtkicebina
yvela arCevnebi an da daerRvia arCevnebis didi nawili, vinaidan kan
onis darRvevas da gadaxvevas damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi saerTo
da sayovelTao xasiaTi hqonda.
saarCevno kanoni, erovnuli sabWos mier gamocemuli, rogorc mo
gexsenebaT, parlamentma _ Secvala social-demokratiuli partiis
winadadebiT. yvela vadebi Sesaxeb siebis gamoqveynebisa, maTi Secvli
sa, Sesworebisa da sx., Sesaxeb saarCevno baraTebis dagzavnisa da
darigebisa, sanaxevrod Semoklebuli iyo. damfuZnebeli krebis arCev
nebis daCqarebas social-demokratebi imiT asabuTeben, rom saerTaSo
riso mdgomareoba amas moiTxovso, rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebeli
kreba rom oriode kviriT ufro gvian Sekrebiliyo, didi ubedureba
ar iqneboda. am vadis Semoklebas ki, rasakvirvelia, mniSvnelovani Se
degebi moyva. ar moeswro siebis Sedgena, qalaqebs garda arsad siebi
ar gamoqveynebula da, rasakvirvelia, ar Sesworebula, komisiebi na
Cqarevad Sedga, saarCevno baraTebi gvian midioda adgilebze da sx.
TviT damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno kanons didi nakli hqonda. es
ar unda daviviwyoT, rodesac momavali parlamentisaTvis saarCevno
kanonis SemuSavebas daviwyebT TviT kanonSi aRvniSnav mxolod texni
kur nakls, isic erTs. kanoni moiTxovs, rom yvela saarCevno komisiebi
Semdgariyo adgilobriv „partiul ZalTa ganwyobilebis mixedviT“,
aseTi principi miuRebelia. SeuZlebelia sasamarTlos, adminis
traciis, an mmarTvelobis sxva raime gamgebloba „partiul ZalTa gan
wyobilebis mixedviT“ dgebodes. aseTi wesiT Semdgari marTveloba
arasodes ar iqneba kanonis namdvili damcveli da misi morCili. ro
gori iyo „partiuli ZalTa ganwyobileba“, rasakvirvelia, mmarTveli
partia arkvevda da amis gamo zogierTs mazraSi komisiis wevrebad
srulebiTac ar iniSneboda Cveni partiis wevrebi.
es TviT komisiis oficialuri Semadgenloba. magram amas garda
partiebs ufleba eniWebaT Tavisi TiTo warmomadgenelni yolodaT
saarCevno komisiebSi. mraval adgilas aseTs warmomadgenelsac ar Re
bulobdnen, Tumca kanonSi es ufleba aSkarad aris aRniSnuli. ambob
den _ Cven amis Sesaxeb araviTari instruqcia ar migviRiao.
ase calmxrivi Semadgenlobis komisiebi awyobden mTels saqarTve
loSi arCevnebs. aseTi komisiebis oqmebi aris is masala, romlis mixed
viT amtkicebda arCevnebs centraluri da Semdgom damfuZnebeli kre
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bis komisia. komisiebis oqmebSi versad ver dainaxavT, rom komisiaSi
raime azrTa sxva da sxvaoba yofiliyos, an protestebi. es imiT aixsne
ba, rom komisiis Semadgenloba TiTqmis savsebiT erTi partiis iyo da
es komisiebi umravlesobis dadgenilebas swerda oqmSi da TiTo oro
la wevris azris aRniSvnas sruliad saWirod ar sTvlida.
parlamentis mraval mxriv Seuferebeli saarCevno kanoni sayovel
Taod irRvevoda, amis pirveli magaliTi TviT parlamentis saarCevno
centralurma komisiam misca. kanoni aSkarad ambobs: „saarCevno ba
raTebi (biuletenebi) erTnairi unda iyoso“. Tqven mogexsenebad Tu
ramdenad erTnairi iyo sxva da sxva partiebis biuletenebi, an feriT,
an qaRaldis zomiT, Tu sisqiT, an nabeWdis feriT. rasakvirvelia,
rodesac kanoni iwereboda, rom yvela partiebi biuletenSi erTnai
ri yofiliyo es imitom, rom amas didi mniSvneloba hqonda, Semdgom
komisiam daakanona „moZravi yuTi. amis Sedegi mogexsenebaT rogori
iyo. yvelgan yuTs „aamoZravebden“, e. i. sofel-sofel Camoatarebden
saxlebSi da iq miaceminebden xmas. rasakvirvelia aseTs pirobebSi ar
SeiZleboda xmis micemis saidumloebis dacva da yovelive es mxolod
mmarTveli partiis sasargeblo iyo.
saarCevno baraTebi Tavis droze ar midioda adgilze. zogs
mazraSi partiebs arCevnebis erTi Tu ori dRis wineT gadasces bi
uletenebi. aseTs pirobebSi, rasakvirvelia, SeuZlebeli iqneboda
maTi wesierad darigeba roca partia ar kisrulobda biuletenebis
darigebas, kanonis ZaliT, TviT komisiebs unda daerigebinaT es bi
uletenebi. kanonis es moTxovnileba arsad ar Sesrulebula. yuTebi
wesierad ar keTdeboda, ar ibeWdeboda da iluqeboda, kanonierad
ar xsnidnen mas da ar iTvlidnen, xSirad konvertebs dauTvlelad
waiRebdnen meore sofelSi da sx, mravali iyo SemTxveva, rom xmas
aZlevdnen iseTebs, vinc siaSi Setanili ar iyo. konvertebi xSirad
xmis mimcemlebze meti aRmoCenila. am movlenebs SemTxveviTi xasiaTi
ar hqonia, aramed TiTqmis sayovelTao iyo. aqa-iq aseTi movlena aRbe
Wdilia komisiebis oqmebSi, magram yvela aseTi arCevnebi damtkicebu
lia centralur komisiis mier. iyo iseTi bednieri sofeli gul-gula,
kaxeTSi, sadac 429 pirs hqonda xma da yvela isini aramc Tu pirveli
nomris mimdevarni aRmoCndnen, aramed yvela jansaRi da janmrTeli
aRmoCnda da xma misca. es yuTi arc ki gauxsniaT, ise gaugzavniaT yuTi
samazro qalaqSi _ sofelma daadgina pirveli nomrisTvis xmis micema
da yvelam mas misca xmao. da aseTi arCevnebi daamtkica samazro da
centralurma komisiam. sadac partiebis sastiki brZola iyo, iq yuT
Tan amomrCevelTa 30-50 proc. Zlivs modioda da aseTs movlenas, rom
TiTqos yvela amomrCevelma xma misca da amave dros kanoni dairRva
yuTis gauxsnelad da dauTvlelad gadataniT, mainc ar gasWra da
iWvi ar aRZra erTferovnad mowyobil komisiebSi.
Cven aq aRvniSneT kanonis iseTi darRvevani, romelsac TiTqmis
yovelgan hqonda adgili. saerTod ki, SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas,
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rom saarCevno kanonSi ar darCenila arc erTi muxli, romelic mraval
SemTxvevaSi ar darRveuliyos.
warmomadgenlobiTi organos Seqmna, iseTi organosi, romelic
xalxis didi umravlesobis suliskveTebas da interesebs gamosaxavs,
mxolod maSin SeiZleba, Tu saarCevno muSaobis dros kanoni saval
debulod iqneba miCneuli da erTnairi uflebiT iqnebian aRWurvil
ni saarCevno muSaobis dros yvela partiebi da jgufebi, romelnic
arCevnebSi monawileobas Rebuloben. Torem Tu kanons araviTari an
gariSi ar gauwia da arCevnebi moewyo „partiul ZalTa ganwyobilebis“
sistemiT, mmarTveli partia yovelTvis moaxerxebs iseTi Sedegebis
miRebas, rogoric mas esurveba.
erovnul demokratiulma fraqciam saWirod dainaxa am movlen
ebis aRniSvna, magram ara imisTvis, miT damfuZnebeli krebis suv
erenoba uaryos da is ar scnos, aramed imisTvis, rom es mZime Secdome
bi ar iqnes daviwyebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier maSin, rodesac is
saarCevno kanonis SemuSavebas Seudgeba momavali parlamentisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels. sxva aravin aris Ca
werili.
grigol urataZe (s.d.) me mogaxsenebT oriode sityvas.
pirveli nawili b. asaTianis sityvisa Seexeba momavals, Tu rogor
moviqceT momavalSi, Tu rogori kanoni SevimuSavoT da ra Seswore
bebis Setanaa saWiro im kanondeblobaSi, romelic Cven gvaqvs. me amaze
am JamaT arafers mogaxsenebT, mxolod unda mogaxsenod centralur
komisiisadmi sayveduris Sesaxeb. me ar vici is cnobebi, romelic ba
tonma asaTianma miawoda damfuZnebel krebas, saidan aqvs, magram is sa
mandato komisiis wevria, da Cven yvelam erTad wavikiTxeT yvela oqme
bi, sazogadod arsad aseTi saCivrebi, gancxadeba ar aris, rom sadme
moZravi yuTebiT ise esargeblad, rom karis-kar etarebinaT, ase rom
samandato komisias ar SeeZlo ganexila es kiTxva da amis Sesaxeb raime
ganaCeni gamoetana.
rac Seexeba imas, rom praqtikaSi moZravi yuTebi SemoRebuli iyo
aRsaniSnavia, rom centralur komisiis prezidiumSi, sadac yvela
partiebis da mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, da Semdeg par
lamentSi protesti aravis ar ganucxadebia, kanons rom daukvirdeT,
aris zogierTi adgilebi, saidanac SeiZleba gamoiyvanoT daskvna, rom
TiTon kanoni ar aris winaaRmdegi rom zogierT did sazogadoebebSi
moZravi yuTi iyos. mxolod yovel konkretiul SemTxvevaSi xelmZR
vanel komisias unda ecnobos es.
rac Seexeba socia-federalistebis gancxadebas raWis mazris
arCevnebis gadadebis Sesaxeb, iq marTlac iyo SemTxveva, rom 14-s ma
givrad arCevnebi daiwyes 17-s. b. baraTaSvili samandato komisiis wev
ri iyo da icis, rom iq araviTar kanonis darRvevas adgili ar hqonia
garda imisa, rom didi qarbuqi iyo da imis magier, rom 14-s dawyebu
112
liyo, daiwyo 17-s. marTalia, Tu rom ise moviqceviT, rogorc ruse
bi ityvian по буквˆ закона, Tu gamovekideT yvela mZimes da wertilebs,
es marTlac kanonis daRveva iqneba, magram Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT
Seqmnil mdgomareobas, maSin es arCevnebi damfuZnebelma krebam unda
daamtkicos.
rac Seexeba gulgulas arCevnebs, aq iTqva: ratom sazogadod erTi
sxva partiis wevri ar iyovo. Cven swored ar viciT iyo Tu ar iyo! oqme
bidan sCans, rom gamocxaddnen 429 amomrCeveli, da imdenive konver
ti aRmoCnda. mogexsebaT, rom sofelma gamoitana ganaCeni yvelam xma
pirvel nomers mivceTo. aq rom iyos naTqvami, rom am sazogadoebaSi
meti amomrCeveli ar iyovo, maSin Cven SegveZleboda gveTqva ratom ar
gamocxaddnen sxva partiis wevrebi. SesaZlebelia, Tanaxmad ganaCeni
sa, gamocxaddnen isini, vinc xmas aZlevda pirvel nomers, da SeiZleba
sul ar gamocxaddnen isini, vinc sxva partiisa iyvnen. sxvaTa Soris,
im komisiaSi, mcire komisiaSi, romelic centralur komisiam gagzav
na sxvadasxva partiaTa warmomadgenelni iyvnen, da Tanaxmad imaT mox
senebisa, daamtkica centralurma komisiam es arCevnebi. axla siaSi ar
Setanis Sesaxeb.
sxvaTa Soris aq erTad erTi SemTxveva aris, es aris xaSurSi, sadac
siaSi ar SetanilT miuciaT xmebi, oqmSi aris es, rom es Seexeba 13-amom
rCevels, Semdeg, rodesac komisiam gamoirkvia es SemTxveva aRmoCnda,
rom mTavar siaSi isini Setanili yofilan, mxolod gadaweris dros
gamoutovebiaT es 13-ti kaci.
ase rom am mxriv aseTi SemTxveva erTia, magram sxva arc erTi oqmi
dan ar sCans, rom TiTqos vinc siaSi ar iyo Catanili, imas xma mieca,
amitom Cven vfiqrobT, rom es xmebi unda iyos miTvlili ise rogorc
samandato kamisiam miuTvala.
rac Seexeba im konvertebs, qaRalds, gavrcelebas biuletenebi
sas, aq centralurma komisiam, gamoitana iseTi dadgenileba, romelic
kanonSi aris naTqvami, erTnairi unda iyos biuletenebi, magram raki
Semdeg sxdomaze gamorkveula qaRaldis Sovnis SeuZlebloba, Semdeg
sxdomaze daadgines, SeTanxmebiT yvela partiebisa, erTnairi SeiZle
ba ar iyoso. iq protesti aravis ganucxadebia. es saxelmZRvanelod
miiRes. sxvadasxva partiebma, yvela umTavresma partiam TiTon ikis
ros biuletenebis dabeWdva da darigeba.
ise, rom Cveni azriT, aq ar aris ZiriTadi darRveva arCevnebis kan
onisa. amitom Cven vfiqrobT, damfuZnebeli kreba miRebs samandato
komisiis winadadebas, rom es arCevnebi dadasturebuli da damtkice
buli iyos.
Tavmjdomare. Tqven mogexsenaT samandato komisiis azri. zogjer
oratorebs sadavod miaCniaT Semdegi erTeulebi, raWis mazra, Tel
avis mazra, axtala, yarajali, Tbilisis meToTxmete da meoce ubani.
aSkaraa, rom danarCeni ar miaCniaT sadavod, amitom neba miboZeT amna
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irad uyaro kenWi. pirvelad, danarCenebs yvela im adgilebSi momxdar
arCevnebs, romelic aq ar aris sadavo, kanonierad aris miCneuli, da
amtkicebs damfuZnebeli kreba.
rac Seexeba im danarCen erTeulebs, imaT cal-calke uyri kenWs.
aris Semotanili social-federalistebis fraqciis mier: raWaSi
momxdari arCevnebi gadidos SemdegisTvis. (arseniZe: werilobiTi
aris Semotanili?) diax werilobiTi.
vin aris momxre, rom arCevnebi raWis mazraSi CaiTvalos kanonierad
da damtkicebuli iyos? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre, rom
Tanaxmad dasabuTebisa arCevnebi gadidos im dromdis, rodesac dan
arCenebi moxdeba? rac Seexeba raWis mazris arCevnebs, kanonierad da
damtkicebulad aris miRebuli.
Semdeg yarajala da axtala, vin aris momxre rom am ubnebis arCev
nebi kanonierad iyos miRebuli da damtkicebuli? vin Seikava Tavi?
(Seikaves eserebma da federalistebma) esec miRebulia.
gulgula, vin aris momxre rom damtkicebuli iyos. vin Seikava
Tavi. miRebulia.
Tbilisis 14 saarCevno ubani. _ vin aris momxre, rom arCevnebi
kanonierad CaiTvalos? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? (Tavi
Seikava eserebma da federalistebma).
20-ce saarCevno ubani. vin aris momxre, rom kanonierad CaiTvalos
arCevnebi? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? (Tavi Seikaves es
erebma da federalistebma).
exla saerTod uyri kenWs. vin aris momxre rom miRebul iqmnas
saerTo samandato komisiis moxseneba. maSasadame arCevnebi kanonieri
aris da damtkicebeli krebis mier.
amgvarad xmebi ganawilebuli aris da rogorc mogexsenebaT: so-
cial-demokratebs ergoT 109. krebaze moxsenebulia da damtkicda.
social-revoliucionerebs ergoT _ 5-Ti. damtkicebulia.
social-federalistebma _ 8. damtkicebulia.
erovnul-demokratebma _ 8. damtkicda.
es sakiTxi gaTavebulia.
exla Semdeg krebisTvis SeiZleba keTil ineboT da daadasturoT
saqarTvelos parlamentis wesi, rogorc mogexsenebaT saqarTvelos
parlaments kviraSi orjel hqonda xolme sxdoma (arseniZe: neba mo
meciT) umorCilesad gTxovT SeasruloT reglamentis muxli. sityva
ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
114
ki dauwyviaT muSaoba, radganac masala ar Semosula da ar damuSave
bula. marto sadeklaracioT da salaparakoT ar SevikrifebiT, Se
vikrifebiT saqmisTvis. es saqme unda momzadebuli iyos winaswar da
Semdeg imisa unda gaimarTos sxdoma damfuZnebel krebisa. ai amitom,
me vambob, dRes dReobiT amas nu davniSnavT, momavali sxdoma daniSnos
prezidiumma, roca saamiso masalebi Seikrifeba da sakiTxi misTvis
warmosdgeba. momavalSi amisdamixedviT, Tu ra gvar xasiaTs miiRebs
Cveni muSaoba da ramdenad rTuli iqneba igi, davniSnavT samuSao
dReebs, saaTebsac da wesrigs. amitom, am SemTxvevaSi, me parlamentis
wesis miReba naadrevad mimaCnia.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes kidev sityva? maSasadame wina
dadeba aseTi gaxlavT, miendos prezidiums, rom rodesac mova masale
bi daniSnos sxdoma. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame miRebulia, da
krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTsa da 20 wuTze.
115
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meeqvse sxdoma
dRiuri wesrigi.
117
2. damfuZnebel krebis 1919 w. xarjT aRricxva.
momxsenebelia damfuZnebel krebis wevri daviT oniaSvili.
3. sxva da sxva komisiebis arCeva.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb sityva? aravis.
winaaRmdegi aravin aris, maSasadame dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia.
pirvel kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. mTavari da ZiriTadi am kanon-proeqti
sa aris SeuTavsebloba sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis, damfuZnebel
krebis wevrobisa da misi Rirsebisa zogierT TanamdebobasTan. Zir
iTadi idea, romelic gamomdinareobs Tqvens winaSe warmodgenil
kanon-proeqtidan gaxlavT is, rom daculi iqnes Rirseba damfuZnebel
krebis wevrisa erTis mxriv, da meores mxriv Tavisufali iqnes is Tav
is sakanonmdeblo, sakontrolo da sxva mxriv muSaobaSi, romlisTvi
sac igi mowodebulia. Cveulebriv parlamenti, Cveulebrivi sakanon
mdeblo dawesebuleba, yoveli kanonmdebeli unda Tavisufali iyos
zogierT damokidebulebisagan, romelic zRudavs mis nebisyofas da
survils, da xels uSlis mis mier umTavres da uaRres movaleobis pir
naTlad Sesrulebas. es ufro metad aris saWiro damfuZnebel krebi
sTvis, vinaidan damfuZnebeli kreba ar warmoadgens mxolod sakanon
mdeblo organos. aramed is uzenaesi gamomxatvelia xalxis suverenul
nebisyofisa. cxadia, is piri, romelsac surs xalxis yovel mxrivi
warmomadgenloba ikisros, unda Tavisufali iyos yovel gvar gareSe
damokidebulebisagan, romelic mis nebas Sehkravs da misgan miRebul
mandatis savsebiT ganxorcielebaSi xels SeuSlis. ai eseTi gaxlavT
mTavari safuZveli warmodgenil kanonproeqtisa.
sxva da sxva qveynebSi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sxva da sxva konstitucio
nuri wesi arsebobs. Tu aviRebT zogierT mTavar respublikas da zo
gierT patara saxelmwifoebs, romelTa mdgomareobis mixedviT Cven
SegviZlian analogia gavataroT maTsa da Cvens Soris, Semdeg suraTs
davinaxavT. safrangeTSi SeuTavsebloba qvemo palatis wevrebisa da
zogierT moxeleobisa miRebuli gaxlavT, ese igi palatis wevri, ro
melic kanonmdeblobs, ar SeiZleba imave dros daqvemdebarebuli iyos
administraciis aparats, eqvemdebarebodes romelime moxeles, rome
lime Tanamdebobis pirs da iZulebuli iyos misi gankarguleba aas
rulos. igulisxmeba rom kanonmdebeli TviT aris umaRlesi ganmkar
gulebeli, umaRlesi mbrZanebeli kanonis gamocemaSi monawileobiT
da igi ar SeiZleba iyos imave dros damorCilebuli im aRmasrulebel
Zalaze, romlisTvisac is kanons scems. rasakvirvelia, zogierTi ga
monaklisebis Sesaxeb am Jamad ar mogaxsenebT, radganac gamonaklisi
aris mxolod im mxriv, ra mxrivac aseT SezRudvas da daqvemdebare
bas adgili ara aqvs. maSasadame SeiZleba gamonaklisi darCes mxolod
mTavrobisaTvis, romelic umaRlesi organo aris da araviTar sxva
administratiul dawesebulebas ar emorCileba: Tu is vismeze aris
damokidebuli, aris damokidebuli mxolod sakanonmdeblo dawese
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bulebaze, romelTanac erTgvar kavSirSi, erTgvar urTierTobaSi
imyofeba, da imitom rodesac gamonakliss viRebT mTavrobis wevrebi
sTvis, es am princips ki ar zRudavs, es am princips ki ar aukuRmarTebs,
ki ar spobs, aramed, piriqiT amtkicebs. marTlac damfuZnebel krebis
wevri ar unda iyos damokidebuli administraciul pirze; saminis
tro am SemTxvevaSi aravize ar aris damokidebuli, garda sakanonmde
blo dawesebulebisa.
magram, zogierT qveynebSi es principic ar aris savsebiT am gvarad
gadaWrili. piriqiT, Cven SegviZlian davasaxeloT metad demokra
tiuli respublika, romelSiac mTavrobis pirebisagan, TviT aRmas
rulebel Zalisagan moiTxoven, rom igini ar iyvnen sakanonmdeblo
dawesebulebis wevrad. es gaxlavT Sveicaria. 77-e muxli Sveicariis
konstituciisa pirdapir ambobs, rom nacionaluri sabWos wevrad, ro
melic kanondebeli dawesebulebaa, ar SeiZleba iyos arc kantonuri
sabWos e. i. meore palatis wevri, arc kavSiris sabWos wevri. kavSirTa
sabWo ki gaxlavT konfederaciis mTavroba. es muxli ambobs agreTve,
rom nacionalurs sabWos wevri ar SeiZleba daniSnuli iyos raime
samsaxurSi. maSasadame arc mTavrobas, romelSiac Sedis prezidenti,
vice-prezidenti da danarCeni wevri aRmasrulebel organosi, da arc
maTgan daniSnul mosamsaxures ar SeuZlia iyvnen imave dros nacio
nalur sabWos wevrebad. iq, ase vTqvaT, yoveli aRmasrulebeli Zala,
mTeli aRmasrulebeli aparati rac SeiZleba Zlierad, da yovel mx
riv aris damorCilebuli sakanondeblo organoze. iq es damorCile
ba aRmasrulebel Zalisa kanonmdebelze imdenaT Zlieria, rom amis
mixedviT, prezidents, magaliTad, yovelwliurad axal pirs irCeven,
agreTve TviT imave nacionalur sabWos Tavmjdomare yovel wliurad
axals irCeven, Zveli Tavmjdomare ar SeiZleba xel axla arCeul iqnes.
am faqtSi iq erTgvari SiSia gamoTqmuli imisa, rom mudmiv Tavmj
domares, mudmiv aRmasrulebeli Zalas, respublikis saTaveSi mdgoms,
SeuZlian es Zala ase Tu ise borotad da demokratiis sazianod gamoi
yenos. am gvarad SveicariaSi yvelaze ufro mkafiod da sastikad aris
gatarebul sruli batonoba kanonmdebelisa da sruli damorCile
ba aRmasrulebeli Zalisa, da es ukanaskneli gadaqceulia ubralo
moxeleobaT, samagierod aRmasrulebeli Zala pasuxismgeblobas im
sistemiT, romelic aris parlamentarizmSi miRebuli, ar ganicdis;
isini muSaoben ufro, rogorc moxeleebi vinem rogorc politikuri
xelmZRvanelebi.
axla aviRoT sxva saxelmwifoebi. avstriaSi, magaliTad daSve
bulia, rom moxele, Tu is arCeulia parlamentis wevrad, ar aris
valdebuli rom moxeleobas Tavi daanebos. agreTve aviRoT patara
saxelmwifo belgia. iq Tu parlamentis wevri dainiSna moxeled, is
valdebulia parlamentis wevrobidan gadadges da mxolod im SemTx
vevaSi Tu mas xelaxlad airCeven, SeuZlian isev miiRos kanonmdeblo
biT dawesebulebis wevroba. maSasadame aq sxva principi aris gatare
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buli. aq moxeles SeuZlian gaxdes kanonmdebeli, Tu is ukve moxele iyo,
arCevamde. inglisSi savsebiT aris miRebuli SeuTavsebloba. 1701w. 12
ivnisis kanonis mesame muxlis meSvide nawili ambobs, visac airCeven
jamagirian samsaxurSi, romelic mefisagan damokidebulia, an mis
gan iRebs jamagirs, imas ar SeuZlian iyos TemTa palatis wevri. amiT
mosamsaxure gandevnili gaxlavT sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebidan.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ar SeiZleba daniSvna parlamentis wev
rebisa raime Tanamdebobaze im xnis ganmavlobaSi, sanam is iTvleba
kanonmdeblad.
patara saxelmwifoebSi sxva da sxva wesebia, magaliTad serbiaSi
imdeni gamonaklisebia ZiriTadi principebidan, rom TiTqmis yvela
moxeleebi, gansakuTrebiT eqimebi, inJinrebi da maswavlebelni, ar
arian uflebas moklebulni, rom erTsa da imave dros iyvnen kanon
mdebelni da Tavis Tanamdebobasa da movaleobasac asrulebdnen.
yvela mosamarTleni, yovel sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da zogierTi
sasamarTlos wevrebi, agreTve mTavrobis wevrebi, pensionerebi, Ci
novnikebi, inJinrebi da eqimebi ar arian uflebas moklebulni, rom
parlamentis wevrobasTan erTaT Tavis Tanamdebobazec iyvnen da
tovebuli. Cven gvgonia, rom es yvelaferi gamowveulia adgilobriv
pirobebiT, da principi am mizeziT aris gamrudebuli. amitom es
magaliTi CvenTvis sayuradRebo da saintereso ar aris. magaliTad
inJinerebi, eqimebi da sxvebi TiTqmis suyvelani, Tundac isini samsax
urSi iyvnen, SeiZleba imave dros iyvnen wevrad sakanonmdeblo dawe
sebulebaSi. albad es gamowveulia imiT, rom intelektualuri Zale
bi Zalian mcire aris serbiaSi; maTi ganawileba ar SeiZleba ise, rom
zogi darCes TanamdebobisTvis da zogi kanonmdeblobisTvis. amitom
SeTavseba aucilebeli xdeba. TviT inteligenciis simciris gamo. sa
magierod iseT respublikebSi, rogoric aris avstraliis federa
tiuli respublika, gatarebulia principi SeuTviseblobisa, sul
mcireodeni gamonaklisiT, romlebzedac am Jamad, saintereso ar
aris SevCerdeT. ai aseTi gaxlavT zogadi damokidebuleba umTavres
respublikebisa da sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebebisa am sakiTxisad
mi e. i. SeuTavseblobisadmi yvelgan, cotad Tu bevrad, _ zogierT
gan ufro mtkiced da sastikad, zogierTgan sustad da mkrTalad,
ama Tu im saxiT am SeuTavseblobis princips atareben cxovrebaSi.
kanonmdebels ar SeuZlian erTsa da imave dros kanonmdeblobdes da
yovel adgilas msaxurebdes. es aris erTgvari sayovelTaod miRe
buli idea, romlis mixedviT kanonmdebeli ganTavisuflebulia sxva
Tanamdebobisagan, sxva damokidebulobisagan da es yvela konstitu
ciaSi Sedis iq, rogorc erTi misi aucilebeli elementi, erTi misi
aucilebeli nawili da damfuZnebel krebisTvis es miT umetes mis
aRebia da savaldebulo. amaze gaxlavT dafuZnebuli kanon-proeqti,
romelic SemuSavebulia sakonstitucio komisiis mier da warmodge
nilia Tqvens winaSe.
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es kanon proeqti efardeba Cven mdgomareobas, ese vsTqvaT, Cvens
faqtiur konstitucionur mdgomareobas, romelic CvenSi damyarda.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, Cveni mTavrobis wevrebi ar arian yvela arCeu
li ise, rogorc SveicariaSi, aramed arCeuli arian mxolod erTi wev
ri, _ Tavmjdomare mTavrobis, da danarCeni ki arian mowveuli Tavmj
domaris mier da damtkicebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier. maSasadame
isini arian politikuradac pasuxismgebelni da eqvemdebarebian par
lamentis yovelive votums da mis gankargulebas, mis gadawyvetile
bas. am mxriv, Tu gnebavT es tipi warmoadgens erTgvar saSualo tips,
pirdapir saparlamento saministrosa da moxeleTa saministros So
ris, romelic aris erT mxriv safrangeTSi, meore mxriv SveicariaSi.
amitom Cven sasurvelad migvaCnia, rom am SemTxvevaSi hqondes CvenSi
adgili safrangeTis praqtikas da ara Sveicariisas. ese igi umTavres
aRmasrulebel organos, rogorc aris saministroebi, da zogierTi
amgvari Tanamdebobani, hqondes saSualeba da ufleba erT da imave
dros iyvnen wevrebad damfuZnebel krebisa da Tan asrulebdnen Tavis
Tanamdebobas. zogierTi sxva politikuri dawesebulebebisaTvisac da
umTavresad iseTis, rogorc aris mTavari Stabi saxalxo gvardiisa, es
meTauri SeiaraRebul revoliuciisa, miRebul unda iqnes igive prin
cipi. es uaRresad politikuri dawesebuleba, es warmomadgenlobiTi
organo ar aris administraciaze daqvemdebarebuli, da ar ganicdis
Tavis nebisyofis, survilis SezRudvas. amitom Cven SesaZleblad miv
iCnieT mis Sesaxebac imave principis aRiareba, romelic aris miRebu
li ministrebis mimarT, ese igi SeTavsebis principis.
Cven win dadga kidev erTi sakiTxi: es gaxlavT mdgomareoba adg
ilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebisa, erobis da qalaqis TviTmarTvelo
bebis. Zveli tradiciiT, romelic ruseTis saxelmwifom gvianderZa,
TviTmarTvelobis organoebi gaxlavT wminda ekonomiuri organoebi
da administratiul aparatSi, mTavrobis aparatSi, pirdapiri monaw
ileoba maT ar hqondaT, adgili ar eWiraT, rogorc aRmasrulebel
Zalas mTavrobis dadgenilebebisa. am mxriv isini meore xarisxova
naT iTvleboden da idgnen gareSe im mTavrobis aparatisa, romelic
saxelmwifos saerTo muSaobas emsaxureba. CvenSi im axal kanonebis
mixedviT, romelic revoliuciam mogvca, mdgomareoba Seicvala,
TviTmarTveloba gadaiqca adgilobriv aRmasrulebel ZalaT, mTav
robis adgilobriv aparataT, magram imave dros TviT maTi Sedgena,
TviT maTi warmoSoba daemgzavsa Tavis saxiT da formiT parlamentis
warmoSobas. igi Seqmnilia imave saxiT, imave tipiT, rogorc parla
menti, rogorc damfuZnebeli kreba, imave saarCevno sistemiT. mas
hyavs Tavisi sakanonmdeblo sabWo, Tavisi aRmasrulebeli organo,
gamgeoba, arCeuli am sabWos mier. amnairad daibada am gvari sakiTxi:
is aprati, romelic udgas saTaveSi TviTmarTvelobas ra rols Ta
maSobs, ra uflebiT aris aRWurvili? TviT sabWos wevrTa ufleba
Si Cven eWvi ar Segvsvlia. rasakvirelia, yovelive xmosans romelic
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kanondeblobs adgilobriv, SeuZlian imave dros iyos kanonmdebeli
centrSi, asrulebdes sakanonmdeblo muSaobas mTeli saxelmwifos
Tvis. es iyo udavo yvelasTvis, vinaidan aq erTi da igiveoba aris da
vinaidan isini aravis ar eqvemdebarebian. sadavo iyo mxolod am sabWos
mier arCeuli gamgeoba. erTis mxriv imas aqvs Tavisi konstitucia da
Tavisi konstituciiTaa amorCeuli, meores mxriT is valdebulia
aasrulos mTavrobis gankarguleba da mowerileba. ai am principTa
Soris iyo komisiaSi cotad Tu bevrad gamwvavebuli kamaTi. erTni
amtkicebdnen SeuTavseblobas praqtikul mosazrebiT, ro uamisod
adgilobrivi saqmeebi Seferxdeba, meore mxriT iyos mosazreba, rom
es administraciis aparatis nawili aris, maSasadame eqvemdebareba
saministros, da yvela es mosazreba moiTxovs, rom maTTvis miRebuli
iyos principi SeuTavseblobisa, ese igi erTsa da imave dros ar Sei
Zlebodes yofna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad da TviTmarTvelobis
aRmasrulebel organos wevrad, ese igi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevrad. meores mxriv ambobdnen, rom analogia, erTi da igiveoba am
ori dawesebulebisa, adgilobriv sabWosi da centralur sakanonmde
blo parlamentis, imave dros aris erTgvari garantia, rom es arCeu
li pirebi umTavresad arian damokidebuli ara centralur adminis
traciaze, aramed Tavis amomrCevlebzed, xmosnebze, vinaidan isini
arCeulni arian imave wesiT, rogorc TviT ministrebi, ese igi maTi
mdgomareoba daaxlovebiT iseTivea, rogorc ministrebisa, mxolod
ufro viwro, adgilobriv farglebSi. meores mxriv saWiroa erTg
vari mudmivi kavSiri adgilobrivi interesebTa Soris. amitom isini
amtkicebdnen, rom amisTana pirebisTvis ar unda iyos akrZaluli or
Tanamdebobaze yofna, ese igi TviTmarTvelobis wevrad yofna da dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad yofna erT da imave dros. akrZalva aseTi
SeTavsebisa ar unda iyos daSvebuli kanondeblobis mier. ai esaa mTa
vari debuleba, romelic aqvs safuZvlad am kanonproeqts.
mesame debuleba exeba wevrTa jamagiris miRebas. demokratiuli
principi moiTxovs, rom parlamentis wevrebs eZleodes Sesaferi ja
magiri, rom maT SeeZloT mTeli Tavisi Zal-Rone am muSaobas moaxma
ron da iZulebuli ar iyven Tavisi sarCeni saxsari gareSe am muSaobisa
SeiZinon. komisiaSi daibada mxolod sakiTxi gasamrjelos raodenobi
sa, magram es sakiTxi ar Seicavda davas principialurs. dava gamoiwvia
meore sakiTxma, romelic exeba organ jamagiris aRebas.
ramodenime gamonaklisi mainc rCeba imas, rom erTi da igive piri
or adgilas msaxurobs, vsTqvaT saministroSi da parlamentSi; dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri aris da imave dros ministric, ministris amx
anagi; damfuZnebeli krebis wevri aris erTis mxriv, meores mxriv aris
TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri. SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom erT
da igive pirma, erT da igive xazinidan aiRos ori jamagiri? komisiam
erTi mxriT daadga im azrs, rom ori jamagiris miReba SeuZlebelia
xazinidan. xazina yovel Tavis mosamsaxures, yovel Tavis xelqveiTs
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da valdebul pirs aZlevs mxolod erT jamagirs. da is pirni, rome
lic organ msaxureben _ aiReben mxolod erT adgilidan jamagirs,
da ara or adgilidan; es iyo umTavresi, udavo principi. bolos Cven
davuniSneT vada im pirT, romelnic am Jamad or adgilas msaxureben,
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni arian da agreTve sxva raime SeuTavsebe
li Tanamdeboba ukaviaT, maT erT Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda moaxdi
non likvidacia Tavis saqmisa da samsaxuris, an gaviden damfuZnebel
krebidan. an erTi, an meore. daisva kiTxva ukanaskneli gasamrjelos
raodenobaze, komisiam miiRo gasamrjelo 1500 maneTi. am sakiTxis
garSemo iyo dava: erTi nawili komisiaSi Txoulobda am jamagirebis
gadidebas im zomamde, romelic Seefereba dRevandel ekonomiur siZ
viris viTarebas, rasakvirvelia, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi umTavre
sad TviT deputatis mdgomareobas, da imas rom man unda SesZlos am
dietiT Tavis Tavis da ojaxis rCena, rom is ar iyves iZulebuli Ta
vis Tavis da ojaxis gamokvebisTvis eZios gareSe saxsari, ai amisTvis
asaxelebdnen 2000-3000 maneTs Tviur gasamrjelos. xmis umetesobiT
miRebuli iqmna 1500 maneTi. aq miRebuli iyo mxedvelobaSi ara marto
mdgomareoba TviT damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa, aramed agreTve mdgo
mareoba Cveni saxelmwifo xazinisa, saerTo finansiuri krizisi. Cven
viciT, rom xarjis yoveli aweva erT dawesebulebaSi, iwvevs xarjebis
awevas, danarCen dawesebulebaSi, yvela jamagirebis aweva ki moiTx
ovs iseT Tanxas, romlis gaReba saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian da romlis
simZimis qveS saxelmwifo daingreva. es umTavresi safuZveli iyo imis,
rom miRebuli iqmna zomieri gasamrjelo damfuZnebel krebis wevr
TaTvis. es gaxlavT saerTo Sinaarsi da mTavari azri am kanon-proek
tisa, romelic Tqven winaSea wamoyenebuli.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) CvenTvis martoka erTi kiTxva aris sada
vo. rom swored gavaSuqoT es sakiTxi es kanoni, upirveles yovlisa,
unda gvqondes mxedvelobaSi, ras warmoadgens damfuZnebeli kreba.
rogorc mogexsenebaT damfuZnebeli kreba aris sakanonmdeblo dawe
sebuleba. mas aqvs miniWebuli sakontrolo funqciebi, _ erTi sityviT
yvela saqmis baton-patroni aris damfuZnebeli kreba. amisda mixed
viT TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri ver iqneba imave dros wevrad
damfuZnebel krebisa. ori Tanamdeboba SeuTavsebelia. Tqven mois
mineT moxseneba, magram ver vpoveb namdvil dasamtkicebel sabuTs,
rom SeuTavsebloba SesaZlebeli iyos. umTavresi azri moxsenebisa is
gaxlavT, rom TviTmmarTvelobis wevri arCeulia xalxisagan, rogorc
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. wesi arCevnebisa erTi da igivea, magram
am analogias martoka garegnuli xasiaTi aqvs. maSasadame Cven gamov
ikvlioT ufleba da Tanamdeboba TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobisa, gamge
obis wevrebisa. gamgeoba es aris aRmasrulebeli organo. amas mohyavs
aRsrulebaSi dadgeniloba mTavrobisa. TviTon momxsenebelma mogax
senaT aq, rom swored mowodebani da brZaneba mTavrobisa romelic Se
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exeba adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs unda aasrulos gamgeobam, gam
geobis wevrma, cxadia am SemTxvevaSi gamgeobis wevri mTavrobis wevrs
eqvemdebareba. gamgeobis wevri ar aris Tavisufali. igi damokidebu
lia, is emorCileba sxvas, sxvisi brZaneba unda moiyvanos asrulebaSi.
damfuZnebel krebis wevri ki aris brZanebeli, kontroli. SeuZlian,
gaukeTos kontroli da mosTxovos pasuxi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeo
bis wevrs; ukanaskneli movalea, rom mas pasuxi ugos, pasuxi gasces.
erT da imave dros es iqneba brZanebeli da kontroli da meore mxriv
pasuxis mgebeli, qvemdebare. aqedan Tqven xedavT rom ufleba da mov
aleoba gansazRvruli ar aris. unda mogaxsenoT rom Cveni kanonebis
mixedviT adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobebs eniWebaT bevri
movaleoba; bevri dargi mmarTvelobisa gadadis maT xelSi, rogorc
ganaTlebis, administraciis saqme. erTi sityviT iqneba saxelmwifoe
brivi organo. saxelmwifoebrivi dawesebuleba, es ar aris ganyenebu
li dawesebuleba, is asrulebs saxelmwifoebriv funqciebs; SeuZle
belia rom amisTana organo ar iyos qvemdebare; is eqvemdebareba zog
SemTxvevaSi rogorc mTavrobas, ise miT umetesad damfuZnebel krebas,
da Tu eqvemdebareba, cxadia, adgili ar unda hqondes SeTavseblobas.
Tu es ase aris, da am mxriv Cven saqme gvesmis, SeuZlebelia rom ori sxva
da sxva Tanamdeboba da sxva da sxva movaleoba SevaerToT. arCevnebis
wess araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rogorc hgonia momxsenebels.
kidev aris erTi sabuTi dasamtkicebeli. Tqven naxavdiT pirvel
muxlidan, rom Tu saxelmwifo aZlevs gasamrjelos, saxelmwifo moxe
les ar SeuZlian damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba, damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri da moxele iReben gasamrjelos erTi wyarodan. (xma, ministri?
maS ra gansxvaveba aris?) amaze am wuTSi mogaxsenebT, ra gansxvaveba
aris. me mogaxsenebdiT wyaroze, wyaro erTi da igivea, es aris saxelm
wifos xazina. erTi da igive wyarodan iReben fuls rogorc damfuZne
beli krebis wevri ise adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wev
ri. rasakvirvelia Tqven pirdapir ityviT wyaro erTi da igivea. aq
gaisma xma, _ ministrio, ministrebi, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebo _
ministrebi Seadgenen gamonakliss, Tqven gindaT es gamonaklisi gaa
farTovoT. diax, ministri Seadgens gamonakliss, magram aqedan ar
unda gamoiyvanoT, is Sedegi, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wev
rebic unda iyvnen aRWurvilni privilegiebiT. rogorc saxelmwifo
moxeles ar SeuZlian iyos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, ise TviTmarT
velobis gamgeobis wevrs. gamgeobis wevris nebis yofa SezRudulia,
is ar aris Tavisufali, damoukidebeli. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
ki sruliad Tavisufalia, damoukidebeli, aravis eqvemdebareba. amis
da mixedviT Cven am meore muxlis winaaRmdeg varT, es ar aris kerZo
sakiTxi aramed principialuri kiTxvaa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs naTaZes.
leo naTaZe. (s. d.) baraTaSvilma erTi mniSvnelovani mosazre
ba moiyvana imis uarsayofad, rom SeuTavsebloba TviTmarTvelobis
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moRvawisa da damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa SeuZlebelia. es mosazreba
marTlac seriozulia da es is mosazrebaa, romelic Cveulebriv mo
hyavT xolme, da imaSi mdgomareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevri aRmasrulebeli organoao, da imas damfuZnebel krebam Seu
Zlian mosTxovos pasuxi. angariSi, da maSasadame TviTmarTvelobis
gamgeobis wevri, erT da imave dros iqneba isic, vinc sTxovs angariSs,
da isic vin angariSi unda misces. magram TviT oratorma igrZno, rom
swored imave TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba SevxedoT mTavrobis organos.
mTavrobis Sesaxeb, Cven vambobT, rom SeiZleba SevaTavsoT mTavrobis
wevroba da masTan erTad damfuZnebel krebis wevroba. amasTan er
Tad b. baraTaSvilma sTqva, rom es gamonaklisiao, da am gamonaklisis
saerTo wesaT aRiareba ki CvenTvis dauSvebeliao. Cvenc gvgonia, rom
mTavrobis Sesaxeb es aris gamonaklisi, magram Cven gvinda es gamonak
lisi daSvebul iqnes TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebis Sesaxebac. gvaqvs
Tu ara amis raime sabuTi? me mgoni, rom sabuTi gvaqvs ara erTi, aramed
ori. erTi sabuTi gaxlavT Cveulebrivi realuri sabuTi, is sabuTi,
romelic gamomdinareobs im mdgomareobidan, romelSiac Cven exla
vimyofebiT. mogexsenebaT, rom Cven TviTmarTvelobaSi Zalian cota
moRvaweebi gvyavs, TviTmarTvelobas, rom Cven movakloT is moRvawee
bi romelnic iq arian SeiZleba imiT saSineli ziani mivayenoT axal
TviTmarTvelobas, romelic es aris ewyoba. Cven kargad viciT, rom
didi ricxvi am TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisa damfuZnebel krebis
wevrad arian arCeuli. imaT rom avukrZaloT damfuZnebel krebis wev
roba, an damfuZnebel krebis wevrebaT rom miviCnioT da avukrZaloT
TviTmarTvelobaSi moRvaweoba, _ es Zalian did zians moutans am
axal saqmes. Cven ase Raribni varT intelegentur ZalebiT, rom amnai
ri nabijis gadadgma Cven ar gamogvadgeba. magram am realur mosazre
bis garda aris kidev erTi mosazreba ufro Rrma da principialuri,
romelic amarTlebs amiT Cvens Sexedulebas. SeiZleba gamonaklisis
gakeTeba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisTvis, da es gamonaklisi am
mosazrebiT SeiZleba gavamarTloT. sazogadoT konstituciis erTi
mwvave kiTxva imaSi mdgomareobs, rom rodesac agebT demokratiul
konstitucias, rodesac romelime saxelmwifo demokratiul niadag
ze damyardeba, am saxelmwifos Tan sdevs erTi nakli. es nakli imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobas eZleva metis metad didi ufle
ba; demokratiul saxelmwifoSi sxvanairad arc SeiZleba. provinci
aSi TiTon xalxis arCevnebiT Sedgenili organoebi sagrZnobelaT
damoukidebelni arian centrisagan; da mixweva im principisa, rom
saxelmwifo iyos mTliani, erTiani, Zlieri daaxlovebuli iyos pro
vinciis organoebTan da masTan erTad provincias mieniWos rac Sei
Zleba meti Tavisufleba, am ori, erTi meores mowinaaRmdege prin
cipis SeTanxmeba Zalian Znelia, da yovel konstituciaSi es sakiTxi
Zalian mwvave sakiTxaT aris miCneuli; istoriaSi yofila iseTi mag
aliTi, rodesac am sakiTxs Zalian didi kamaTi gamouwvevia, da am kama
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Tis ase Tu ise gadawyvetas Zalian didi mniSvneloba hqonia. 91-wels
safrangeTis revoliuciis dros iseTi konstitucia iyo SemuSave
buli, romelic samagaliTod ari cnobili dedamiwis zurgze da ro
melsac Zalian bevri konstituciebi hbaZavdnen. magram exla mecnier
ebisagan, sayovelTaoT aris aRiarebuli, rom es kontitucia, Tumca
mSvenivrad aris Sedgenili demokratiul mxriv, magram am konsti
tucias aqvs erTi didi, Zalian didi mniSvnelovani nakli, romelic,
SeiZleba iTqvas, Tu am konstitucias ar daRupavs, mainc Zalian did
zians ayenebs. es nakli mdgomareobda imaSi, rom ar iyo SeerTebuli
centri da provincia, provinciis organoebsa da centris organoebs
Soris xidi iyo Catexili, centraluri organo iyo TiTqmis mowyveti
li xalxisagan, provinciisagan, provincia Tavis cxovrebiT cxovrob
da da centraluri organoebi Tavis cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen, ase rom
ar iyo gza da xidi provinciasa da centrs Soris. rodesac centrSi
daibadeba rame saWiroeba, provincias es ar esmis, da rodesac pro
vinciaSi raime saWiroeba daibadeba, centramdin ar midis am saWiroe
bis xma. ai am SeuTanxmeblobam provinciis da centris interesebisa,
rogorc amboben, Zalian didi ziani miayena safrangeTis saxelmwi
fos 1791 wlis Semdeg da safrangeTis revoliuciam pirvel welsve,
rodesac vandeis ajanyebam iCina Tavi, dainaxa, rom marTla amas rame
unda eSvelos da Semdeg konstituciis Sedgenis dros amis gamosas
woreblad Zalian bevrs fiqrobdnen Tavs itexdnen, rom es nakli ga
moeworebinaT. da me mgonia, rom TviTmarTvelobaSi moRvaweobis da
deputatobis SeTavseba Tu am nakls ar uSvelis savsebiT, mas ase Tu
ise Seasustebs. Seasustebs imitom rom, TviTmarTvelobis moRvawee
bi, romelnic adgilobriv saqmes arian gacnobilni, aq movlen da adg
ilobriv saWiroebas moitanen damfuZnebel krebaSi. magaliTad imaT
ician, ra da ra saWiroeba aris siRnaRis mazraSi, romlis dakmayo
fileba aucilebeli aris Cven saxelmwifosTvis. maSasadame, centrSi
isini adgilobriv saWiroebis, cxovrebis xmas moitanen. adgilobrivi
saWiroebis xmas Cven gagviziareben da Cven maSasadame ar viqnebiT
mowyvetilni provincias, provinciis xma am centrSi unda gaismodes,
aq movlen adgilobrivi moRvaweebi, aq, saxelmwifos centrSi dain
axaven im interesebs, romliTac cocxlobs dRes Cveni saxelmwifo,
aqedan mivlen provinciaSi da provincias gaacnoben im saWiroebebs,
romliTac cocxlobs saxelmwifo. aseTi moRvaweebi SemaerTebeli
Zafi iqnebian, SemaerTebeli cocxali xidi, romelic iqneba gadebu
li, centrsa da provincias Soris. sworeT isini Seasusteben im nakls,
romelzedac me mogaxseneT.
maSasadame, isini erT da imave dros aq roca Camovlen, iqnebian
provinciis miswrafebaTa gamtarebelni, provinciaSi roca Cavlen
saxelmwifoebriv principebis matarebelni. da isini Tavidan co
taT mainc agvacileben im partikularizms, romelic yovelTvis Tan
sdevs saxelmwifos; da aq roca movlen cotaT mainc Tavidan agvac
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ileben im biurokratizms, romelic Tan sdevs centralur saxelmwi
fos. centraluri saxelmwifo iqneba gamsWvaluli im interesebiT,
romlebiTac provincia cxovrobs, da provincia iqneba gamsWvaluli
im saxelmwifoebriv interesebiT, uromlisoTac provincia parti
kuliarizmSi vardeba.
amisTvis me mogaxsenebT, rom principialurad dasaSvebi aris es
SeTavseba, aramc Tu dasaSvebia, aramed sasurvelic ki aris. es Se
Tavseba iZulebiTi ki ar aris, amas Tavis kargi mxareebica aqvs. gamon
aklisi SeiZleba Tu ara davtovoT am SemTxvevaSi TviTmarTvelobis
moRvaweTaTvis, ise rogorc es aris mTavrobis wevrTaTvis? es sada
vo sakiTxia da amas aqvs, rogorc Tavis dadebiTi mxare, ise Tavisi
uaryofiTi mxare. ise rom, rogorc TiTqmis yovel konstitucionur
sakiTxebSi, SeiZleba gasamarTlebeli sabuTi vupovoT erTsac da meo
re Sexedulebas. amisTvis saWirod migvaCnia, rom gamonaklisi dauS
vaT TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweTaTvis.
b. baraTaSvilma sTqva, rom TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebi arian
iseTive moxeleebi, rogorc sxvebi, rogorc magaliTad mosamarTlee
bi, rogorc kontrolSi mosamsaxureebi da sxva. Tu ki am moxeleebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba daSveba gamonaklisisa, ratom danarCeni Cinovnike
bis Sesaxeb ar unda dauSvaT gamonaklisi. me mgoni Sedareba Cinovnike
bisa da TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisa sruliad Seuferebelia; maTi
Sedareba ar SeiZleba imitom, rom es TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweni ar
ian xelmZRvanelni, politikis gamtarebelni, da ara ubralo aRmas
rulebelni. es pirebi TviT marTvelobaTa saTaveSi dganan da saxelm
wifos seriozul did daxmarebas gauweven. isini arian gamtarebelni
im xazisa, romelsac saxelmwifo aqedan ukarnaxebs. moxele marto
aRmasrulebeli organoa, moxeles aqvs Tavis pirdapiri movaleoba,
am movaleobas igi asrulebs da sxva arafers. TviTmarTvelobis moR
vawes marto erTi raime movaleoba ki ara, aramed xelmZRvaneloba
aqvs dakisrebuli. SeiZleba Tu ara realuri SeTavseba am ori moR
vaweobisa? marTlac iqneba sityvierad SevaTavsoT, da saqmiT ki Se
Tavseba SeuZlebeli gaxdes? SeiZleba Tu ara erTi da igive kaci iyos
aqac damfuZnebeli krebis wevri da iqac TviTmarTvelobis wevri?
rodesac dgas misTana sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba provincias romlis
Sesaxebac sakmarisi cnobebi ar gvaqvs, maSin Cvengan aqedan, iqnebian
gagzavnili provinciaSi damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi, romlebic
gansakuTrebul movaleobas asruleben, da maT SemweobiT da daxmare
biT gadavwyvetavT ama Tu im provinciis Sesaxeb kiTxvas. da rodesac
aq irCeva imisTana sakiTxi, romelic provincias ar Seexeba, romelic
saerTo saxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobas Seexeba, maSin isini, ro
gorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrni, da masTan erTad TviTmarTvelobis
moRvaweni Tavisi movaleobis aRmasruleblad gagzavnili iqnebian
provinciaSi. amnairad, roca isini aq ufro saWiro arian, aq iqnebian,
da roca iq ufro saWiro arian, iq iqnebian. faqtiurad Tqven iciT,
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rom TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebi sworeT imnair pirobebSi scxov
roben, rom isini iq moRvaweoben, magram provinciis SesaerTeblad
centrTan xSirad aq Camodian. yvela xedavs, rom TveSi erTxel, TveSi
orjel, or TveSi erTxel mainc isini aq Camodian da mTavrobasTan
akeTeben im saqmes, romelic Seexeba provincias. mxolod im formas
moRvaweobisas is nakli aqvs, rom isini CvenTan modian mxolod, ro
gorc provinciis moRvaweebi, magram rodesac isini movlen, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni, amiT provinciac moigebs da centric,
moigebs da damfuZnebeli krebac, romelsac eqneba provinciis Sesaxeb
swore cnobebi. ai is mosazreba, romelic gvavalebs, rom es gamonak
lisi TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisaTvis davuSvaT da davakanonoT,
SeTavseba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweobisa da damfuZnebel krebis
wevrobisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. d.) me sruliad viziareb Teoretiul nawils
moxsenebisas, magram ar veTanxmebi zogierT daskvnas. ar veTanxmebi
agreTve b. baraTaSvils da b. naTaZes.
umTavresi azri am kanon-proeqtisa is aris, rom TviTeuli wevri
damfuZnebel krebisa unda iyos zneobrivad Tavisufali Tavis moq
medebaSi. aucilebeli saWiroa saxelmwifos interesisTvis, rom wev
ri damfuZnebel krebisa, rodesac xmas aZlevs, rodesac swyvets raime
sakiTxs, moqmedobdes sruliad Tavisuflad. ar unda iyos is gavlena,
romelic winaaRmdegia misi nebis-yofisa.
es aris umTavresi principi da is unda iyos gatarebuli da ganx
orcielebuli. sxvaTaSoris laparaki iyo imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlian Tu
ara, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrs iyos imave dros
wevri damfuZnebel krebisa. baraTaSvilma moiyvana aseTi azri, rom
igi, aRmasrulebelia kanonis da gankargulebisa, rogorc gamgeobis
wevri da imave dros, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevri, zedamxedve
lia da kanonmdebeli. gamodis TiTqo principialuri winaaRmdegobaa.
es mosazreba me ar mimaCnia sabuTianad.
pasuxismgebeli parlamentis winaSe aris saministro, da ara adgi
lobrivi misi agenti. Tu ministrma gasca romelime suleluri brZane
ba, romelic moklebulia kanonier safuZvels, is pasuxismgebelia
Cvens winaSe; gamgeobis wevri ki ara SuaSia; is mxolod amsrulebelia
ministris brZanebisa. aseTia politikur-mxare pasuxismgeblobisa. am
itom is mosazreba, romelic moyvanilia baraTaSvilis mier, me mgonia
ar aris sakmarisi.
meore mosazreba ufro susti aris. igi moiyvana naTaZem. is am
bobs, rom didi ubeduroba iyo safrangeTis konventisaTvis is gare
moeba, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobebi gancalkevebulni iyvnen,
da araviTari kavSiri centrTan ar hqondaTo. rasakvirvelia es didi
ubedureba aris, amis winaaRmdegi me ara var. magram is Ronis Zieba,
romelic mohyavs b. naTaZes, yovlad miuRebelia. misi azriT, amis mo
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sagvareblad, sakmarisia, rom erT da imave dros erTi da igive piri
iyos wevri damfuZnebel krebisa da TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobisa.
rogor ggoniaT? daWera vinmesagan ramodenime adgilisa SeaerTebs
mowyvetil provincias centrTan? me var momxre imisa, rom adgilo
brivi TviTmarTveloba ar unda iyos mowyvetili centrisagan, magram
es sakiTxi wmindad uflebrivia da ara personaluri da amis ganxor
cieleba SeiZleba mxolod uflebrivad da ara meqnikurad. unda iyos
gamoyofili erTnairi dargi uflebisa, romelic centrs aqvs da rom
lis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia centralur dawesebulebaze, ma
Sin SeuZlebelia provinciis gaTiSva an mowyveta centrisagan; magram
Tu yvela uflebebi gadaecema adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs, maSin
rasakvirvelia isini imoqmedeben srulebiT avtonomiurad, damou
kideblad. e.i. moxdeba im xidis Catexa, romelzedac ambobda b. naTaZe.
aq TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba saqmes ver uSvelis.
rac gind iyos, me mgoni, Cven am sakiTxs unda SevxedoT praqtiku
lad. me darwmunebuli var, da Tqvenc albad darwmunebuli xarT, rom
wevri gamgeobisa, magaliTad soxumis TviTmarTvelobisa, ver iqneba
imave dros wevri Cveni damfuZnebel krebisa. fizikurad SeuZlebelia
iman imuSavos aqac da iqac, TbilisSi da soxumSiac. magram sul sxvaa
Tbilisi da SeiZleba mis axlo-maxlo qalaqebi. aq centrSi mogrovil
ia mTeli intelektualuri Zala, isini muSaoben Cven TvTmarTveloba
Si, da Tu Cven ar gvinda SevamciroT es adgilobriv Zalebis praqti
kuli muSaoba, ar unda SeeqmnaT iseTi pirobebi, rom am momzadebul
pirebs aRukveToT sakanonmdeblo muSaobac. aq me mgonia, ar aris is
loRikuri winaaRmdegoba, romelzedac ambobs b. baraTaSvili. Tu
raime uwesrigoba moxdeba, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebSi vimeoreb
Cven pasuxs movTxovT ara im wevrs, romelic CvenTan zis, mivmarTavT
ara qalaqis TviTmarTvelobas, aramed saTanado saministros.
amnairad, rac Seexeba meore muxls, me veTanxmebi momxsenebels.
gadavdivar pirvel muxlze. aq naTqvamia, rom es kanoni SeuTavse
blobisa ar Seexeba ministrs da mis amxanags, kontroliors da mis
amxanags. es misaRebia da amis winaaRmdegi me ara var, iq, SveicariaSi,
ministrebs ufleba ara aqvT xmis micemisa Tunca SveicariaSi aris sxva
kanoni. me mgoni, rom am gamonakliss Cvenc miviRebT. ratom? swored
imitom, rom ukve davadeqiT gzas saministros pasuxismgeblobisas.
rodesac avirCieT b. noe Jordania da mivandeviT kabinetis Sedgena, _
es iyo pirveli nabiji am sferoSi. maSasadame, Tumca jer gamorkveu
li ar aris, damtkicebuli ar gvaqs konstitucia, magram SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, am mxriv, principi saministros pasuxismgeblobisa, usaTuod
iqneba gatarebuli Cven konstituciaSi. miT ufro rom es pasuxismge
bloba aris erTi umTavresi garantia kanonierebis da politikuri
Tavisuflebisa. Tu pasuxismgebloba aris maSin, rasakvirvelia, aq
SeuTavseblobaze laparaki zedmeti aris. ministri aris saTaveSi aR
masrulebel Zalisa. SeuZlebelia iTqvas, rom igi visme kide ierarqi
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ulad emorCilebodes. Tu visme emorCileba igi, mxolod damfuZnebel
krebas. aq SeuTavsebloba ar aris.
amitom me amas vRebulob, magram me amas vumateb axal moTxov
nilebas, SeiZleba ministri iyos wevri damfuZnebel krebisa da am
ave dros iyos ministri, magram erTi ufleba ki unda gamovacaloT.
es aris ufleba xmis micemisa. rodesac Cven vwyvetT am sakiTxs, min
istrs rogorc, parlamentis wevrs, ufleba aqvs aq muSaobisa, aq Re
bulobs monawileobas msjelobaSi, gamodis kaTedraze gvaZlevs axs
na-ganmartebas, magram ar unda hqondes, ufleba xmis micemisa, manam,
sanam is ministri aris, es imitom, rom Tu Cven miviReT principi pasux
ismgeblobisa, yovlad SeuZlebelia sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros TiTon
ministrma miiRos monawileoba da Tavis Tavs TeTri kenWi misces. ise
rom es principi, me mgonia, SeiZleba miviRoT, imitom rom es swored
namdvili demokratiuli principia.
am nairad yvela ministri wevrebad darCebian, mxolod kiTxvis
gadawyvetis dros isini Tavs Seikaveben, xmas ar miscemen. marTalia
Tqven, social-demokratebs, dagekargebaT ori sami xma, magram Tqven
109 brZandebiT, da ra mniSvneloba aqvs amas?
es erTi, rac Seexeba elCebs, Cven principialurad winaaRmdegni
varT, rom es iyos gamonaklisi; principialurad, imitom rom, elCebi
iniSnebian mTavrobis mier da maTi xelqveiTni arian. kanon-mdebloba
amisTana TanamdebobasTan SeuTavsebelia, magram Tu miviRebT mxedve
lobaSi exlandel mdgomareobas, roca mdgomareoba iseTi aris, rom
bevri Cveni wevrebi gagzavnilia sxva da sxva mxareebs, sxva da sxva
qveynebSi, es gamonaklisi SeiZleba davtovoT.
garda amisa rac Seexeba profesorebs, es gamonaklisi misaRebia.
imitom, rom swored profesorebi SeiZleba, CvenTvis ufro saWiro
arian, gonebiT, WkuiT ganaTlebiT brwyinvaleni ara varT, da profe
sorebi, rasakvirvelia, Zalian sasurvelia, rom darCnen.
me mxolod winaaRmdegi var ukanasknelisa _ gvardiis Stabis Sesax
eb. me gTxovT ar ifiqroT, rom gvardiis winaaRmdegi var, yvelam icis
rom gvardiam didi samsaxuri gagviwia. yvela afasebs mas. faqtebiT
damtkicebulia Tu ra aris es gvardia. magram me minda loRikuri
daskvna gamovitano. wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa unda iyos zneob
rivad Tavisufali.
ra uWirs, ra waxdeba, rom es SeuTavsebloba Cven miviRoT. me unda
vsTqva, wevri gvardiisa, ubralo gvardieli iqneba, Tu ufrosi, es
sul erTia, an unda miatovos da iyos Tavisufali wevri damfuZnebel
krebisa, an aq unda miatovos, imitom rom gvardiis mosamsaxure, vinc
unda iyos, ase Tu ise, eqvemdebareba Tavis ufross, ase Tu ise, aris
mis zedgavlenis qveS. me ki, minda sindisis qveS gadawyvitos yoveli
sakanonmdeblo sakiTxi. Tu es piri momzadebulia, rogorc kanonmde
beli vTxovoT mobrZandes aq, mxolod iq ki miatovos Tavisi samsaxuri
da Tu aucilebeli saWiroa, rom iq iyos, aq sxva vinme moviwvioT.
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erTi sityviT, SeTavseblobas aq adgili ar unda hqondes, miT
ufro rom Cven gvyavs kidev jari. es iseTive saxelmwifoebrivi dawe
sebulebaa, rogorc sxvebi. maSin maTac unda mivceT ufleba, rom mov
idnen aq da ikanonmdeblon. mxolod im pirobiT, rom Tu aq arian unda
iyvnen da iq samsaxurs Tavi daanebon.
aq amboben, rom gvardia aris droebiTi dawesebuleba, sarevoli
ucio dawesebuleba. batonebo, es revoliucia xom unda rodisme gav
aTaoT (sicili) me ki ar vicini, Tu gnebavT dangreva ganvagrZoT, Tu
es saWiroa da sasargeblo saqarTvelosTvis, ganvagrZoT, magram Tu es
aferxebs saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebas, Cven unda mouaroT Cven
Tavs. Tu Cven exla imis Semdeg, rac damfuZnebeli kreba moviwvieT,
kidev ganvagrZobT yvirils, rom revoliucia ariso, maSin ra aris dam
fuZnebeli kreba? me mgonia, rom exla faqtiurad unda davadgeT ara
dangrevis gzas, aramed aRmSeneblobisas. (eliava adgilidan: revoli
ucia marto dangreva aris?) ras brZanebT? (eliava: revoliucia mar
to dangreva aris?) Tqven ki daCveuli xarT, rodesac ar mogwonT
raime sityva, sxva Sinaarsi CaudoT mas, magram es ar varga, xalxi amas
ver gaigebs, _ SeiZleba Tqven revoliucias eZaxiT damfuZnebel kre
bis muSaobas, maSin gasageb enaze ilaparakeT, yvelas gaagebineT rom
revoliucia Turme yofila mSvidobianoba da mizanSewonili muSaoba.
me mgoni rac ginda iyos, rac Seexeba Stabis wevrebs, aq sruli adgili
unda hqondes kanons SeTavseblobisas. amboben, rom omianobis dros
Stabis wevrebi saWiro ariano da amitom wevrobas Tavs ver daanebebe
no. me ar vici ramdenia es wevrebi, magram nu Tu iseni iseT militarul
Zalas warmoadgenen, rom saqarTvelo daiRupeba, Tu imaT, Stabs Tavi
daanebes? an iq unda iyon, an aq, amazea mxolod laparaki. amitom Cven
gvgonia, rom wevroba damfuZnebel krebisa da Stabisa SeuTavsebelia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s r.) me mivaqcev Tqvens yuradRebas am kanonproeq
tis meore muxlze.
Cemis azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia adgilobriv TviTmarTvelo
bis gamgeobis da damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobis SeTavseba. marTalia,
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri unda iyos gacnobili adgilobriv cxov
rebasTan, is unda iyos provinciidan da akavSirebdes adgilobriv
cxovrebis pirobebis codniT periferiebs centrTan, magram Cveni
damfuZnebeli krebis Semadgenlobac swored iseTia, rom aq TiTqmis
yvela deputatebi provinciidan arian Camosuli da kargaT icnoben
provinciis cxovrebas. krebis wevrTa Soris bevri iseTia, romel
nic gasuli arian adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebSi xmosnebaT, magram
TviTmarTvelobis xmosnoba da damfuZnebel krebis wevroba SesaT
avsebelia, radganac xmosnoba imden dros ver waarTmevs deputats,
ramdensac gamgeobis wevroba. saerobo yrilobaSi ikribebian dro
gamoSvebiT, sesiebi grZeldeba ramodenime dRe da iq daswreba yovel
Cvengans SeuZlia. saerobo yriloba _ es, Tu gnebavT, adgilobrivi pa
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tara parlamentia; is irCevs gamgeobas, e. i. aRmasrulebel organos da
mas avalebs sisruleSi moiyvanos yoveli is dadgenileba, romelsac
yriloba gamoitans. gamgeobis wevri datvirTulia imdeni saqmeebiT,
rom is mudmiv unda eweodes adgilobriv muSaobas, is TiTqmis yovel
dRe unda iyos Tavis kabinetSi, Tvalyuri adevnos erobis kancelari
is muSaobas, miiRos mTxovnelebi, SeamuSavos sxva da sxva proeqtebi
yrilobis sesiaSi warsadgenaT da sxva. erTi sityviT, gamgeobis wev
ri, Tu is sinidisieraT Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, ver SesZlebs
erTs da imave dros, emsaxuros sazogadoebas adgilobriv da aqac,
rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. Tu aseTi SeTavseba moxda, maSin
Tqven darwmunebuli unda iyveT, rom is piri, romelic moisurvebs
adgilobriv gamgeobaSic muSaobas da aqac kanonmdeblobas, verac iq
gaakeTebs verafers da CvenTvisac gamoudeqari iqneba, radganac is met
dros moandomebs gzaSi mimosvlas, vidre sadme muSaobas. me ar uarvy
of im garemoebas, rom is rac SeuZlebelia Cveulebrivi niWis mqoni
adamianisaTvis, is SesaZlebelia ara Cveulebrivi niWiT dajildove
bul pirisaTvis. SesaZlebelia, daibados iseTi geniosi, romelmac Ta
vis erTi saaTis muSaobiT erobis gamgeobaSi ufro meti sargebloba
miumatos sazogadoebas, vidre sxvam Tavis erTi wlis muSaobiT. aseT
SemTxvevebisaTvis Cven SegviZlia davuSvaT gamonaklisi, magram saer
Tod-ki Cven yvelasaTvis aseT kanons ver miviRebT. Cven kargaT viciT,
rom Cvens damfuZnebel krebaSi aseTi geniosi ar moiZebneba da amitom
gamonaklissac, imedia, aravisTvis ar davuSvebT. momavalSi, rodesac
Cven gveyoleba Cveulebrivi sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba da misaTvis
Cveni kreba Sesafer debulebas SeimuSavebs, Cven miviRebT am garemoe
bas mxedvelobaSi da ara Cveulebrivi niWiT dajildoebul pirTaTvis
Cven gamonaklissac davuSvebT. SesaZlebelia Cven damfuZnebel kreba
Si imdeni deputatia, rom maTi muSaoba komisiaSi ar iyos saWiro, am
itom zogierTi deputati arc komisiaSi imuSavebs da arc sxdomebs
daeswreba, maSasadame isini provinciaSi wavlen da iq imuSaveben. Tu
es asea, maSin me ver gamigia, ratom unda viyolioT amdeni deputati
damfuZnebel krebaSi. Cemis azriT, ukeTesi iqneba Cven SevamciroT
damfuZnebel krebis deputatTa ricxvi. magram, SesaZlebelia, sxva da
sxva mosazrebaTa mixedviT aucilebelia, rom Cven damfuZnebel kreba
Si 130 deputatze naklebi ar viyolioT, maSin imaTma unda imuSavon
aq da ara adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa aRmasrulebel organoeb
Si. Tu romelime deputati ufro gamodgeba gamgeobis wevraT da is
iq met sargeblobas moutans sazogadoebas, maSin is valdebulia dam
fuZnebel krebidan gavides da Tavisi adgili meore kandidats dauT
mos ama Tu im sakandidato siidgan. yovel SemTxvevaSi yvelam Cvenganma
an erTi dawesebuleba unda airCios, an meore da yovlad SeuZlebeli
da Seuwynarebelia, rom erT da imave dros erTi da igive piri iyves
TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri da masTan eweodes metaT rTul da
sapasuxismgeblo sakanonmdeblo moRvaweobas damfuZnebel krebaSi.
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amitom Cveni fraqcia winaaRmdegia kanonproeqtis meore muxlis da
mis winaaRmdeg xmas miscems, roca muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavalT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b. baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrma naTaZem Cven
winaaRmdeg moiyvana, misi azriT, realuri sabuTebi. pirveli sabuTi
is aris, rom adgilobriv Cven Zalebi ar gvyvavs da Tu maT nebas ar
mivcemT iyvnen damfuZnebel krebis wevrebad, es Zalebi adgilobriv
mogvakldebian. me ar vici, iqneba marTlac Tqven, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno ar gyavT es adgilobrivi Zalebi, magram unda vsTqva, rom es
Zalebi adgilobriv aris. miT umetes rom 130 wevri aris damfuZneb
el krebaSi, amiT ar amoiwureba Cveni kulturuli Zala da, me mgonia,
es ar Seadgens imisTana ricxvs, rom SeuZlebeli iyves adgilobrivad
imisTana pirebis povna, romelTac ician saqme da Seasruleben Tavis
movaleobas. me mogaxsenebT praqtikul mosazrebas, Tu marTlac Tqven
gindaT nayofieri muSaoba aqac da iqac, SeuZlebelia, rom es piri iyos
aqac da iqac. realurad warmoidgineT, ra unda gaakeTos gamgeobis
wevrma, vsTqvaT ozurgeTis TviTmarTvelobisa, romelic mudmiv iq
unda iyos, mudam dRe unda Seasrulos Tavisi movaleoba, da meores
mxriv mudam aq unda iyos da mudmiv asrulebdes Tavis movaleobas. re
alobis mixedviT SeuZlebelia amis SeTavseba imitom, rom aqac da iqac
erTi da igive piri ver Seasrulebs im davalebas, romelsac dRevande
li Cveni mdgomareoba uTiTebs. argumentebi, rom adgilobrivi TviT
marTveloba da Cven dakavSirebuli unda viyveT, sruliad marTalia
magram, aqedan ar amomdinareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevri unda iyos damfuZnebel krebis wevrad. moqalaqeno, Tqven xarT
xalxis warmomadgenlebi, gamogzavnili, rogorc xalxis Wiri varamis,
da adgilobriv mdgomareobis mcodne. nu Tu marTla saWiroa, rom
TviTmarTvelobis wevri iyos aq, rom mxolod man icis adgilobrivi
sakiTxebi? nu Tu marTla Tqven im azris xarT, rom Cven Soris iseTi
warmomadgenlebi arian, romelTac Wir-varami xalxisa ar ician? Cven
gvgonia, rom deputatma damfuZnebel krebisa swored unda icodes
xalxis vinaoba, misi cxovreba da Wir-varami. mesame mosazreba moiy
vanes. mTavrobis wevrebi, ministri ar aris moklebulni am uflebaso.
me mogaxsenebT es aris gamonaklisi. magram gansxvavebac aris. ministrs
Tqven irCevT, Tqveni pirdapiri ndobiT aris aRWurvili, adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobis wevrs ki Tqven ar irCevT. marTalia is pasuxismge
beli aris Tqvens winaSe, magram upirvelesyovlisa is ar aris pasux
ismgebeli TviTmarTvelobis sabWos winaSe. arsebiTad gansxvaveba
aris ministris da TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa Soris.
exla unda mogaxsenoT oriode sityva moqalaqe gvazavas sityvis
Sesaxeb. gvazavam gamoacxada, rom arc momxsenebels eTanxmeba arc me,
aravis ar eTanxmeba, da bolos mivida iqamdis, rom meore muxli am kanon
proeqtisa ar unda iyos miRebulio. ra mosazrebiT? erTi mosazreba
moiyvana, rom zneobrivad gamgeobis wevri unda iyos Tavisufalio. ma
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Talia sityva „zneobrivi“ me ar mixmaria. erTi sityviT, gvazavas unda
gamoeCina originaloba. meore mosazreba moqalaqe gvazavasi, rom min
istri aris pasuxismgebeli damfuZnebel krebis winaSe da gamgeobis
wevri ki ar aris pasuxismgebeli. gamoyavs sxvaTaSoris, aseTi sabuTi:
Tu ministri gascems sulelur brZanebas, maSin rasakvirvelia, gam
geobis wevrs aqvs ufleba sTqvas, rom Cemi brali ar aris, ministrma
gasca aseTi brZanebao. es azri sidan momdinareobs? iqidan, rom moqa
laqe gvazavas hgonia, ministri usaTuod sulelur brZanebas gascems.
(gvazava: sruliadac ara, azrs gageba unda!) Cven vayenebT kiTxvas ase:
ministrma gasca brZaneba? eqvemdebareba Tu ara gamgeobis wevri mas,
daasrulebs Tu ara mis brZanebas, gauwevs angariSs Tu ara? Cvenis az
riT unda gauwios angariSi, da Seasrulos davaleba. ai am dros Sesa
Zlebelia daibados maT Soris winaaRmdegoba. Cveni Sexeduloba mar
toka gamgeobis wevrebs Seexeba, Cven ar vambobT sabWos wevrebzed. Cven
Soris igini arian da adgilobriv mdgomareobas da saqmeebis viTare
bas sworad gadmogvcemen. Semdeg moqalaqe gvazavas azriT, ministrs
ar unda hqondes ufleba miiRos monawileoba kenWis yraSi. arc es aris
marTali. Tu ai aseTi sakiTxi iqneba, romelic Seexeba ministris moq
medebas, Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom igi ar miiRebs monawileobas am
sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. magram, roca saxelmwifoebrivi da aRmaSeneb
lobis sakiTxia, Cven ar movaklebT ministrs uflebas miiRos monawil
eoba. Cven vemxrobiT kanon-proeqts da vamtkicebT, rom damfuZnebel
krebis da adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis wevroba SeuTavsebelia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. kamaTi Sewyvetilia. sityva
ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. rasakvirvelia, me movelodi kamaTs, magram im
xasiaTis kamaTs, rogoric aq gaimarTa, ar movelodi; me megona, rom
iqneboda umTavresad dava principebze, principebis sisworiT Tu
mrudeT gatarebaze. amis magier aq laparakoben erTni erT kanonis ga
monaklisze, meoreni meoreze, da swored stoveben gamonakliss, rom
lis analogiurs upireben kanonproeqtidan amogdebas. magaliTad,
_ gamgeobis wevri SeuZlebelia, iyos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrado,
Stabis wevri da misTanebi ki SeiZlebao. damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma
baraTaSvilma ganacxada, Stabis wevri SeiZleba darCes, damfuZnebel
krebaSi, TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrs ki arao. universitetis
profesors ki SeuZliao. raSia saqme? yvela es dawesebuleba erTi ti
pis, erTi xasiaTis aris im mxriv, ra mxriTac dRes es Cven gvainter
esebs, ese igi moxeleobis mxriv. da me vambob, rom arc erTi aq CamoT
vlil Tanamdebobis piri ar aris moxele, Cinovniki. Cven rom gvyavdes
magaliTad arCeuli profesorebi ki ara, daniSnuli profesorebi,
me pirveli viqnebodi winaaRmdegi maTi damfuZnebel krebis wevro
bis, vinaidan isini iqnebodnen mgzavsi Cinovnikebisa; magram swored
imitom, rom Cven gvsurda demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iyvnen ara Ci
novnikebi, aramed damoukidebeli moazrovneni Tavis gonebis da cod
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nis mixedviT, amisTvis universiteti aris Tavisufali, avtonomiuri
da profesorebs irCevs kolegia. safrangeTSi arian daniSnulebic
da amorCeulebic. iq aris avtonomiis saSualo forma. Cveni univer
sitetis avtonomia ki imaSi gamoixateba, rom profesorebi arian ara
Cinovnikebi, ara moxeleebi, aramed Tavisufali momuSaveni arCeuli
imave universitetis profesorebisagan. safrangeTis konstitucia
Si pirdapir aris naTqvami, profesorebs, romelnic arCeulebi arian
korporaciis mier, aqvT es ufleba, palataSiac iyvnen imave dros wev
rad. imaT ki, romelic daniSnulni arian, es ufleba ara aqvT. Cven dan
iSnuli profesorebi ara gvyvavs, isini yvelani arCeulni arian. ise
rom SegviZlian pirdapir yvela profesorebs mivceT krebis wevrad
yofnis ufleba.
axla Cven gvinda analogia gaviyvanoT profesorebis moRvaweobas
da TviT marTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa moRvaweobis Soris. sruliad
analogiuria maTi mdgomareoba da is vinc ambobs, profesorebi Sei
Zleba darCnen damfuZnebeli krebis wevrado, da uarhyofs gamgeobis
wevrebisTvis am uflebas, did loRikur winaaRmdegobaSi vardeba.
gamgeobis wevri arCeulia. ra aris moxeles Tviseba? moxele aris dan
iSnuli da damniSvnels ufleba aqvs misi gadayenebisa ai aq ibRale
ba nebis yofa damfuZnebeli krebis wevris, rodesac igive piri dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevric aris da imave dros moxelec, Tanamdebobis
asrulebeli da SeiZleba gadayenebul iqnes mis zeviT mdgom moxeles
gan? ai magaliTad, ministrs SeZleba aqvs, Tu mas mosamsaxureTa moq
medeba, azri an kenWis yra ar moewona, gadaayenos igi Tanamdebobisgan,
an aiZulos amiT mis nebas daemorCilos? me Tqven gekiTxebiT, romel
ministrs SeuZlian amgvarad daimorCilos TviTmarTvelobis gamge
obis wevri? gana is ministris moxelea? gana SeuZlian ministrs misi
dayeneba, an gadayeneba? sruliadac ara! is damokidebulia savsebiT
Tavis kanonmdebel dawesebulebaze, sabWoze. xmosnebi mas gamoucxade
ben ndobas, is Tavis adgilas sdgas da Tavis saqmes asrulebs, xmos
nebi undoblobas gamoucxadeben, is Tavis Tanamdebobidan gadadgeba
Tanamdebobas dahkargavs. Tqven xedavT, rom aq iseTive mdgomiarebaa,
rogorc damfuZnebel krebis da Cveni saministros Soris. is damok
idebulia swored im pirebisgan, romelTac am Tanamdebobaze daayenes,
da ara ministrisgan, ara umaRles administratiul aparatisgan, da es
aris mTavari dRes CvenTvis. maSasadame misi sakanonmdeblo muSaoba
sruliad SeuzRudelia, rogorc unda, ise miscems xmas, rogorc unda
ise amuSavebs, rogorc unda ise ikanondeblebs, sruliadac ar Sescv
lis mis nebis yofas, mis azrs, mis azris gamoxatvas, romelime admin
istratiuli aparatis zedgavlena am mxriv swored zneobrivis mxriv
isini sruli Tavisufalni arian iseve, rogorc prafesorebi, vinaidan
ganaTlebis ministrs ar SeuZlian profesorebis gadayeneba im Tanam
debobidan, romelic maT uWiravT profesorTa korporaciis survil
isamebr. aq aris arsebiTi msgavseba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebsa da
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profesorebs Soris. sakvirvelia, rom sadavo Seiqmnen mxolod TviT
marTvelobis moRvaweni!
me Cems moxsenebaSi vambobdi Semdegs: Cven gvaqs zogierTi gamon
aklisi, magram gamonaklisi ki ar spobs, ar auqmebs mTavar, ZiriTad
debulebas, aramed amtkicebs SeuTavseblobas moxeleobisas, da im
umaRles politikur organos wevrebisas, romelnic ar SeiZleba CaiT
valon moxeleebaT. me mogaxseneT: SveicariaSi ministrebi moxeleebaT
arian gardaqceuli: da e. i. politikuri pasuxismgebloba maTze ar
sruldeba, ar arsebobs, rogorc es aris parlamentarul qvenynebSi.
ndoba maT Sesaxeb ar arsebobs; ar arsebobs undoblobis gamocxade
ba da amiT mTeli kabineTis gadayeneba. swored amitom, isini parla
mentis wevrni ar arian, aramed sdganan parlamentis gareSe, isini
gadaqceulni arian namdvil ubralo moxeleebaT. Tu Cven gvaqs pasux
smgebeli saministro romlisTvis Cveni votumi undoblobisa niSnavs
dauyonebliv gadayenebas mTliani kabineTisa, maSin cxadia, maT ufle
ba aqvT iyvnen damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebad. aq me vsTqvi, rom swored
mTavar, ZiriTad principis Tvalsazrisidan gamovdivarT, roca Cven
uSvebT aseT gamonakliss. aseTi gamonaklisi, kanonSi datovebuli, am
princips ki ar gadaabrunebs, ar gadaatrialebs, ki ar gaakuRmarTebs,
aramed am principis cxovrebaSi swored gatarebas gviadvilebs. amiT
da ara raime sxva mosazrebiT, vxelmZRvanelobdiT Cven. imis Tqma mag
aliTad, rom q. foTis gamgeobis wevri kargad ver imuSavebs damfuZneb
el krebaSi, eseTi mosazreba praktikulad kargad imuSavebs, Tu cudaT
imuSavebs, aq sruliad zedmetia. ratom ar SeiZleba kargad imuSaos?
sxva aq araferi ar iyo moyvanili TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa
SeuTavseblobis winaaRmdeg. vsTqvaT zogs Zalian didi ojaxi aqvs, da
Tu magaliTad, Svili gauxda avaT aseT wevrs, an sxva raime ubedure
ba mouxdia ojaxSi, _ aseTi wevri praktikulad ver mova krebaSi, ver
imuSavebs komisiaSi da sxvagan. magram gana SeiZleba amisTvis ufleba
avyaroT mas? maSin bevri sxva aseTi mizezic aRmogviCndeba, da Sei
Zleba mTeli tomebis wera mogvixdes, imaze Tu vis avyaroT ufleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad yofisa. am mosazrebaze iyo damyarebuli
mTeli debuleba d. kr. wevris gobeCiasi. man wamoayena es praktikuli
Tvalsazrisi. me vetyvi gobeCias SesZlebs Tu ver SesZlebs praktiku
lad. es mivandoT Cven TviT imaT. imaT orTaves adgilas hyavT Tavis
patroni: iq Tavisi kanondebeli sabWo da aq damfuZnebeli kreba. Cven
gvaqs Cveni wesi, romelsac eqvemdebareba yoveli wevri damfuZnebeli
krebisa. TviTeul gamgeobas yavs TviTmarTvelobis sabWo, romelic
parlamentarul saxiT aris Sedgenili, da romelsac aqvs aseTive wesi,
da moTxovna maTgan muSaobisa am wesis mixedviT xdeba. aq kanonmdebeli
pirdapir ver gadasWris: Tqven SegiZlianT iyoT, d. kr. wevrad Tqven
ki ar SegiZlianT maT wesebSi CaerioT. sruliad zedmetia Cveni Care
va, iq sadac TviT nebis yofa sazogadoebrivi azrisa uZRveba Tamamad
Tavis saqmes. Torem maSin unda daviwyoT profesorebzedac laparaki;
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Tu magaliTad universiteti iqneba quTaisSi gadatanili da leqciebi
yovel dRe unda ikiTxon ar eqnebaT ufleba d. kr. wevrad iyvnen. dasas
rul iseT kazuistikis SemuSaveba dagvWirdeba, romelsac verasodes
ver amovwuravT.
am gvarad me vambob, rom arcerTi am tribunidan wamoyenebuli
debuleba, arc erTi mosazreba ar exeba im princips, romelzedac aris
aSenebuli es kanon-proeqti. me gamakvira swored giTxraT, rodesac
Tqves, rom gamgeobis wevrs ar SeuZlian SeTavseba damf. krebis wevro
bis da umaRles saswavleblis profesors ki SeuZliano. aq principi
ki aRar aris, aris sxva raRaca mosazreba: erTma kidec gvisayvedura
Tqven xalxi ara gyavT adgilobriv magram aris sxva bevri xalxio, es
ubralo gancxadeba ar aris. amaSi partiuli kinklaoba gamoixateba
da ara saqmianoba. Cven kanons vcemT ara imis mixedviT, Tu vis hyavs bev
ri xalxi, da vis ara. Cvens kanons vcemT principialur ideebis mixed
viT, romelnic saRia da romlis cxovrebaSi gatareba aucilebel saW
iroebas Seadgens saqarTvelosaTvis.
axla gadaval saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevrebzed. aq
ilaparakes imis Sesaxeb, rom isini ar unda iyvnen damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevrad. swored imitom rom gvardia aris jari, da analogia gai
yvanes mas da mudmivi jaris Soris. me aq unda xazis gasmiT aRvniSno,
rom Stabi gvardiisa, sazogadod gvardia aris, upirvelesad yovli
sa, politikuri organizacia, da ramdenic unda vmaloT is mainc fak
tia, rom gvardia aris SeiaraRebuli revoliucia, romlis arseboba
gareSe politikisa warmoudgenelia. diax es gaxlavT SeiaraRebuli
revoliucia da Tu es gadaiqceva SemdegSi mudmiv jarad, maSin unda
vifiqroT rogori ufleba da rogori movaleoba eqneba mas. dRes gvar
diis saxiT gvyavs iseTi SeiaraRebuli Zala, romelic Sedgeba Tavisu
fali TvisnebiT mosuli xalxisagan, dRes asrulebs jariskacis mova
leobas, xval ubralo moqalaqea, dRes frontze sdgas da ibrZvis, xval
roca is frontidan TbilisSi dabrundeba, es jaris kaci aRar iqneba,
is iqneba ubralo muSa, ubralo moqalaqe da Tavis saqmes, Cveulebriv
normalur Tavis muSaobas awarmoebs. ai aseTi mdgomareoba gvardii
sa, qmnis mas ara jarad, aramed mxolod SeiaraRebul revoliuciad.
ai es aris mTavari gansxvaveba gvardias da jars Soris. ramdenadac
jari upartio unda iyos, imdenad gvardias ar SeuZlian iyos poli
tikis gareSe. amitom Cven vambobT, rom revoliucionur moRvaweebi
sTvis, Stabi politikuri dawesebulebaa, politikuri xelmZRvane
lia, diax, rogorc texnikuri, ise politikuri xelmZRvanelia. da me
vambob, rom mas politikuri muSaoba politikuri xelmZRvaneloba wa
varTvaT, mouspoT kanonmdeblobis ufleba, es sruliad zedmetia. ar
aviTari mdgomareoba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisa ar moiTxovs amas.
rodesac amis winaaRmdeg laparakobda moqalaqe gvazava, is ambobda,
ra waxdeba rom ar mivceT ufleba kanonmdeblobiso. me ar mivcem amaze
pasuxs, me vambob, ra gakeTdeba imiT, rom avarTvaT es ufleba? roca
137
gindaT adamians ufleba aarTvaT, unda ikiTxo gakeTdeba Tu ara imde
ni saqme, rom Rirdes amisTvis uflebis arTmeva. is ambobs, ra waxdeba,
rom ar iyos deputatad esa Tu is gvardieli? me vambob, ra waxdeba
rom ar iyos esa Tu is deputati, ivane, petre, sergo, daTiko? an gana
imaze aris laparaki, Tu ra waxdeba? erTi raime partia rom ar iyos aq
sruliad ra moxdeba? daingreva qveyana? araferi ar waxdeba. magram
amiT gakeTdeba rame? es aris umTavresi kiTxva: gakeTdeba ram Tu ara,
rom zogierT partias damfuZnebel krebaSi Semosvla aekrZalos? ra
gakeTdeba? da Tu araferi ar gakeTdeba, me vambob, uflebis warTme
va imisTvis, rom araferi ar gakeTdes, yovlad miuRebelia, yovlad,
SeuZlebelia kanondeblobaSi. swored am mosazrebiT, da am ZiriTad
safuZvelis gamo romelzedac aSenebulia gvardia saerTod da misi
Stabi kerZod, Cven vambobT, rom yovlad SeuZebelia gvardiisa da
Stabis wevrs avukrZaloT damfuZnebel krebaSi yofna. Tqven iciT,
rom Cven mier miRebul kanoniT, gvardiis Stabi ar emorCileba samin
istros. is emorCileba samxedro Zalas, samxedro disciplinas maSin,
rodesac omSi aris gawveuli. danarCen SemTxvevebSi igi aris ubralo
moqalaqe, misi gamowveva SeuZlian an mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, an mTa
var Stabs. es didi gansxvaveba gaxlavT. ase, ro, rogorc xedavT, es
Stabi erTgvarad sruliad damoukidebeli organo aris, vinaidan is
ar aris administratiuli saxelmwifos aparatis muSaobaze damok
idebuli, es arc Cveulebrivi jaria; da amitom arc miudgeba mas prin
cipi moxeleobisa, vinaidan masSi wminda politikuri sazogadoebrivi
moRvaweebia, romelnic frontze emorCilebian disciplinas, rogorc
namdvili jaris kacebi, namdvili sardlebi da oficrebi, da ara sxva
dros, sxva momentSi. Cven ar gvgonia, rom ganuwyvetlivi omi gveqne
ba, magram Cven gvgonia, rom xandisxan gvardias dasWirdeba mogereba
Semoseul mtrisa, danarCen dros es iqneba ubralo moqalaqe, da ro
gorc ubralo moqalaqe, is Seasrulebs Tavis politikur movaleobas,
kanondeblobliTi movaleobas, damfuZnebel krebis wevris movaleo
bas. swored amitom, unda darCes kanon-proeqtSi es muxlSi Semotani
li komisiisagan. sxva amis winaaRmdegi arsebiTi araferi wamouyenebi
aT. garda amisa unda aRvniSno is, rac am Stabis Sesaxeb gamoiTqva:
aq Tqves, droa dadges revoliuciao gamovceT Tund dekreti, rom
revoliucia gaTavdao. amaze mogaxsenebT, rom aseTi dekretis gamoce
ma SeuZlebelia, veraviTari dekretiT Cven revoliucias ver SevaCe
rebT, verc gavaZlierebT. arc ki viciT damfuZnebeli kreba gaTavdeba
ufro adre, Tu revoliucia, verc amas gadagiWriT. arc damfuZnebel
krebis mowveviT SeiZleba CavTvaloT revoliucia damTavrebulad.
mxolod me mgoni, Tu Cven davagvirgvinebT imas, rac revoliuciiT Se
viZineT, da gavaxorcielebT, cxovreba Cadgeba erTgvar kalapotSi, da
aRar iqneba ryeva da qanaoba. sanam es ar moxdeba, manamde revoliucio
nuri moZraoba, sulerTia, moisurvebs, _ damfuZnebel krebis wevri
gvazava amas, Tu ar moisurvebs, moisurvebs sxva romelime fraqciis
138
wevri amas, Tu ar moisurvebs; revoliucia maT nebaze ar aris odnav
aTac damokidebuli. dekretebic, rom gamovceT, gaTavdes revoliu
cia Tqo, revoliucia ar gaTavdeba. amitom es sakiTxi unda movxsnaT.
am kiTxvis wamoyeneba, unda giTxraT, axasiaTebs mxolod zogierTis
sulier ganwyobilebas; zogierTebs surT, rom revoliucia gaTavdes.
magram es Cven ar gvaZlevs sabuTs, maT subieqtur survils gavyveT,
da kanondebloba amas SeufardoT. ai es gaxlavT saerTo mosazreba,
romelic warmogidgineT Tqven, da Semdeg Tu nebas momcemT gadaval
muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze
uyri kenWs. miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli muxlobriv.
muxlobrivi ganxilva.
139
TiTqo Stabi aravis emorCileba. es yovlad SeuZlebelia. gvardia
mainc da mainc aris dawesebuleba romelic moqmedebs saxelmwifoSi,
da Tu suverenoba aris aq moqceuli, es suverenoba unda iyos seriozu
lad daculi. Tu saWiroa StabisTvis, rom man iyolios aq Tavis war
momadgeneli, amis winaaRmdeg aravin iqneba; mxolod Tu aseTi piri,
amorCeulia wevrad damfuZnebel krebisa, Tavi unda daanebos StabSi
samsaxurs, rom iyos Tavisufali, yovel ara-sasurvel gavlenisagan.
aq iTqva, rom igi emorCileba ara mTavrobas sazogadod, ara samxe
dro ministrs gansakuTrebiT, aramed mTavrobis Tavmjdomareso. es
kidev uaresi. gamodis, rom Tavmjdomares aq, damfuZnebeli krebaSi,
hyavs Tavisi SeiaraRebuli Zala. es yovlad SeuZlebelia TviT kre
bis RirsebisaTvis. amitom me winadadeba Semomaqvs pirvel muxlidan
amoiSalos Semdegi fraza: „ar vrceldeba agredve saxalxo gvardiis
Stabis wevrebze.“
meore unda mogaxsenoT, rom im ministrebs, romelnic damfuZneb
el krebis wevrebi arian, neba ar unda hqondeT gardamwyveti xmis mice
misa. amis Sesaxeb Cemi azri mogaxseneT, amis winaaRmdeg b. momxsenebels
araferi uTqvams. marTalia, Sveicariis magaliTi CvenTvis misabaZi ar
aris, piriqiT, Cven ukve gadavdgiT nabiji, saidanac sCans, rom min
istri pasuxis mgebeli unda iyos, ministrebi moqmedi Zalebi arian,
isini sdganan aRmasrulebel Zalis saTaveSi, isini arian pasuxismge
belni Cven winaSe. aseT pirobebSi yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom ministrs
mieces neba Tavis Tavs xma misces Tavis moqmedebis SefasebaSi. Tu pa
suxsmgebloba miRebulia, es yovlad SeuZlebelia. marTalia, es aris
miRebuli safrangeTSi, magram safrangeTis magaliTi gadamwyveti ar
aris, arc Sveicariisa. (naTaZe: sad aris?) ras brZanebT? (naTaZe: sad
aris?) safrangeTSi aris, mxolod maSin rodesac sakiTxi Seexeba mis
moqmedebas. magram me sazogadod vambob: Tu Cven vRebulobT princips
pasuxismgeblobisas, saministro pasuxismgebelia, vinaidan kabineti
_ solidarulia. saerTod, am SemTxvevaSi sul erTia, sakiTxi Seexe
ba erTs ministrs gansakuTrebiT. Tu mTavrobis moqmedebas saerTod.
Cemi winadadeba aris, rom sanam ministri Tavis movaleobas asrulebs
imas xma ar unda hqondes. amitom Semomaqvs Sesworeba meore muxlSi.
(kiTxulobs): „ministrebs, mis amxanagebs, kontroliors da mis amxan
agebs ara aqvs ufleba gadamwyveti xmis micemisa damfuZnebel krebaSi
sanam TavianT Tanamdebobas asruleben“.
Tavmjdomare sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. marTali mogaxsenoT, sruliad ar movelodi, Tu
aq daayenebdnen am kiTxvas, Tu imas dauSvebdnen, rom SeiZleba kaci
iyos damfuZnebel krebis wevri, da xelis awevis ufleba ar hqondes.
damfuZnebel krebis wevri, yvela xom ar laparakobs? misi monawil
eoba, dafuZnebuli nebis gamoxatvaSi is aris, rom kiTxvis gadaWraSi
iRebs monawileobas. es mTavari momentia, rodesac mtkicdeba nebis
yofa mTel damfuZnebel krebisa, da Tu am moments, am nebayofas Cven
140
gamovacliT, is xdeba potencialuri wevri, romelic SeiZleba odesme
gaxdes namdvil wevrad. potencialuri wevri, ki ar aris namdvili wev
ri damfuZnebeli krebisa. Tu ki is iqneba damfuZnebel krebis wevri,
maSin Cven veraviTar uflebas damfuZnebel krebis wevrisas, mas ver
avarTmevT, verafer uflebidan mas ver gavanTavisuflebT, radgan
yvela konstitucias TaviT loRika aqvsa da iq, sadac ministrebi ar
arian wevri sakanondeblo dawesebulebisa, maT aqvT saTaTbiro xma.
es aris SveicariaSi, iq, sadac isini arian pasuxismgebelni da SeiZle
ba iyvnen imave dros sakanondeblo dawesebulebis wevrad imaT aqvT
gadamwyveti xma rogorc wevrT. bolos da bolos es ufleba gamodis
ara pirovnebis mdgomareobidan, aramed gamodis mis arCevidan, iqidan,
rom is aris arCeuli. ese igi iqidan, rom is warmomadgenelia saxelm
wifosi, rogorc kanondebeli, da rogor SeiZleba, rom kanondebelma
saqmeebi ar gadasWras? imis moyvana sabuTad, rom roca iqneba sakiTxi
mis moqmedebaze, ndobaze, maSinac miiRebs monawileobaso, sakmao ar
aris, imitom rom didi muSaoba, mTavari, udidesi da umniSvnelova
nesi aris kanondebloba, da ara ndobis da undoblobis gamocxadeba.
es SeiZleba moxdes xSirad, es SeiZleba moxdes iSviaTad. kanondeblo
ba ki aris mudmivi. magram Tu kanonmdebeli ar miiRebs kenWis yraSi
monawileobas is ar iqneba wevri. amitom es Sesworeba unda moisxnas,
rogorc miuRebeli.
rac Seexeba Stabis wevrebs, raki gamoiTqva sul axali mosazre
ba, me saWirod mimaCnia aRvniSno Semdegi. me vTqvi, rom es aris poli
tikuri organizacia, politikuri jari, damcveli revoliuciisa;
es gamoiyenes imis sabuTad, TiTqos gvardia iyos winaaRmdegi dam
fuZnebel krebisa, ese gaamrudes Cemi sityvebi. me mgoni, rom piriqiT
swored imiT aris kargi gvardia, es SeiaraRebuli revoliucia, rom
igi aris damcveli revoliuciisa, aris damcveli Cven damfuZnebel
krebisa. romelic agreTve Svilia am revoliuciisa. damfuZnebeli
kreba _ es aris xorc Sesxmuli revoliucia. nuTu Tqven ggoniaT, rom
damfuZnebeli kreba mowveulia imitom, rom viRamac raRac moisurva?
ara es aris upirvelesyovlisa gamomxatveli am revoliuciis Semom
qmedebiTi muSaobisa, da Tu am SemomqmedebiTi muSaobas esaWiroeba
normaluri pirobebis damcveli, rom mas Tavs ar daesxnen isini, visac
marTla unda CafuSva am revoliucionur muSaobisa. ai amisTvis Cven
gvesaWiroeba politikurad aRrzdili jari, SeiaraRebuli revoli
ucia, romelsac warmoadgens saxalxo gvardia _ politikurad momza
debuli Zala. am ori Zalis e. i. damfuZnebeli krebis da gvardiis
gaTiSva da dapirdapireba erTi meorisaTvis ar SeiZleba, vinaidan
isini erT da igive totze arian aRrzdilni, erTi da igive totis
gan arian warmomdgari da imdenad SeduRebulni erTmaneTSi, rom
me pirdapir ver warmomidgenia erTi umeorod. es pirveli. meorec,
me vambob: ar Tavdeba revoliucia damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobiT.
rodesac gaTavdeba revoliucia, dadgeba normaluri mdgomareoba,
141
normaluri pirobebi. rodesac savsebiT ganvaxorcielebT revoli
uciis monapovaraT, Tavis Tavad cxadia, maSin gvardia saWiro aRar
iqneba. gaTavdeba revoliucia, dadgeba normaluri cxovreba, da
gveyoleba jari upartio, normaluri pirobebis mixedviT, milicia
an sxva ram. da ara gvardia. gvardia imave dResve daubrundeba Tav
is Cveulobriv muSaobas. Tqven Tu gindaT gaigoT, rodis gaTavdeba
revoliucia, ai amis niSani: rodesac aRar iqneba saxalxo gvardia,
aRar iqneba damfuZnebeli kreba, da mis adgilas daiWers Cveule
brivi, normaluri parlamenti, an sxva amgvari ram parlamentarul
xasiaTis dawesebuleba, maSin damTavrebulia revoliucia. magram
manam, sanam, es SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba ar Sesrulebula, da axali ka
lapoti savsebiT ar gamoWedila, cxovreba ar Camoyalibebula, _ ro
gor SegviZlian vTqvaT, revoliucia gaTavda, revoliuciam Tavis mi
zans miaRwia? Tu ar SegviZlian amis Tqma, cxadia arc SegviZlia xeli
aviRoT im Zalebze, romelnic am miznebs emsaxurebian. aseTia gvar
dia, rogorc SeiaraRebuli Zala. imave revoliucionur politiki
sa, aseTivea damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc goneba da kanonmdeblobi
Ti warmomadgenloba imave politikisa, imave revoliuciisa. am ori
Zalis erTad yofna, TanamSromloba, SeTavseba _ es aris uaRresad
sasargeblo da sakeTildReo. swored amitom me vambob, rom gvard
ieli unda iyos kanondeblad, vinaidan is icavs imas, rasac ewodeba
revoliucionuri kanondebloba, da revoliuciis warmomadgenlo
ba revoliuciur xanaSi. swored amitom gvardielebisTvis SeiZleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobis SeTavseba.
amgvarad arc es da arc meore winadadeba damfuZnebeli krebis
wevris gvazavasi, romelic ambobs, rom ministrs unda mieniWos mxo
lod saTaTbiro xma damf. krebaSi, misaRebi ar aris.
142
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) 2. adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gam
gobis wevrebs ar ekrZalebaT iyvnen imave dros damfuZnebel krebis
wevrad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis b. baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) Tanaxmad Cvenis azrisa am muxlidan amoRe
buli unda iyos: „damfuZnebel krebis wevroba da adgilobriv TviT
marTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevroba SeuTavsebelia“.
SegveZlo rasakvirvelia winaaRmdeg migveca xma. magram Cven ise
movisazreT, rom warmodgenili unda iyos Cveni azri werilobiTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs WiabriSvils.
an. WiabriSvili. (adgilidan) meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare: diax, meore muxlis Sesaxeb.
WiabriSvili. (adgilidan) meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, sxva msurveli ar aris. gsurT, batono
momxsenebelo sityva?
r. arseniZe. me komisiis saxeliT winaaRmdegi var. amis, sabuTebi
ukve mogaxseneT.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) 3. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gasamrje
loT mieces 1500 man. Tviurad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris, araris Cem
xelT baraTi.
kenWs uyri mesame muxls. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT meoTxe muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
damfuZnebel krebis wevri sxva jamagirs verc saxelmwifo dawese
bulebidan miiRebs da verc adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobidan.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis WiabriSvils.
andro WiabriSvili. (s. d.) social-demokratiul fraqciis az
riT, romelsac savsebiT iziarebs da miRebuli aqvs agreTve safinan
so komisias, sjobia, rom ase moviqceT: raki aris iseTi Tanamdebobani,
romelTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis Tanam
debobasTan da maT aqvs ufleba ai am SeniSvnis Tanaxmad, romelic aris
aq kanon-proektSi, rom gasamjelo miiRon iq, sadac isini dainaxaven
saWirod, mxolod erT adgilas amitom vfiqrobT, rom meoTxe muxli
amoSlili iyos, mxolod darCes es SeniSvna, an es SeniSvna gadakeTdes
pirdapir muxlad, da iyos naTqvami Semdegi: (..kiTxulobs)...
- „is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxl arian moxsen
ebulni, gasamrjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi
arCeviT.“
143
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven brZaneT, an, an. ra Sesworeba Se
mogaqvT?
andro WiabriSvili. muxli amoSlili iyos im saxiT, romliTac aq
aris da darCes is SeniSvna, romelic aq aris. darCes meoTxe muxlad
erTi damatebiT romelic aq warmodgenilia: (kiTxulobs) „is Tanamde
bobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni gasamrje
los iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi arCeviT.“
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. sityva ekuT
vnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli. im SesworebiT, romelic iq Semoitanes, Semdegi gan
sxvaveba myardeba im muxlis Soris, romelic sakonstitucio komisi
am miiRo da axal ganzraxul muxlis Soris. aq naTqvamia: (kiTxulobs)
„is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni,
gasamrjelos iReben, romelime erTi adgilidgan Tvisi arCeviT.“
sakonstitucio komisiis mier miRebul muxlSi ki sweria: „dam
fuZnebel krebis wevri sxva jamagirs visac saxelmwifo dawesebu
lebidan miiRebs da varT TviTmarTvelobidan“ da ara arCeviT, pir
vel muxlSi ki moxsenebulni arian swored aseTi pirebi: e. i. ministri,
misi amxanagi, profesorebi da TviTmarTvelobis wevrebi, roca isini
damfuZnebel krebis wevrebi arian. gansxvaveba mainc da mainc ar aris
didi an arsebiTi. miuxedavad amisa, rom bevri ramis Tqma ar SeiZle
ba amis winaaRmdeg, me komisiisagan ara maqvs davaleba. komisiis azri
mkafiod iyo gamoTqmuli. amitom me vicav im debulebas, romelic komi
siis saxeliT iyo warmodgenili.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba gaxlavT Semdegi (kiTxulobs).
„is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel da meore muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni gasarmjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavis
arCeviT.“
Sesworeba, romelic mogaxseneT, rogorca sCans, exeba mxolod
SeniSvnas. amitom Tu keTil inebebT da muxls amoSliT, maSin Semdegi
sakiTxi iqneba SeniSvnisa. neba miboZeT rom kenWi uyaro. vin aris momx
re, rom meoTxe muxli uSeniSnoT amoSlili iyos? vin aris winaaRmde
gi? vin Seikava Tavi?
maSasadame me-4-e muxli amoSlili aris.
exla SeniSvna. winadadeba aris, rom SeniSvna muxlad gadakeTdes.
vin aris momxre rom SeniSvnas muxlis Zala mieces? vin aris winaaRmde
gi? vin Seikava Tavi? miRebuli gaxlavT. exla SeniSvna aseTi gaxlavT:
(kiTxulobs) „is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni jamagirs iReben erT romelime adgilTan Tavisi arCeviT“.
Sesworeba. aseTi gaxlavT: (kiTxulobs) „is Tanamdebobis pirni,
romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni gasamrjelos iReben,
romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi arCeviT“. vin aris momxre im Ses
worebisa romelic mogaxsenaT krebis wevrma WiabriSvilma? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? miRebuli gaxlavT.
144
maSasadame meoTxe muxli iqneba im saxiT, rogorc Semotanilia so
cial-demokratiis fraqciis mier.
gTxovT waikiTxoT mexuTe muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
5. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebels Tanamdebobas asrulebs,
movalea, dRidan am kanonis miRebisa erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi, Semoi
tanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova. wi
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebel krebis wevris uflebas
da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.
Tavmjdomare. surs vismes sityva? msurveli ar aris. maSasadame
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waakiTxoT meeqvse muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
6. es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris momxre kanon-proektisa mTlianad? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
vin Seikava Tavi? kanon-proeqti miRebuli gaxlavT da gadaecema sare
daqcio komisias.
145
amasTanave fasebi sxva da sxva masalebisa romelic sWirdeba kancelar
ias, sazRaprod gaizardnen.
jer kidev warsul wlis damlevs prezidiumSi dadga am xarjT-aR
ricxvis gadidebis sakiTxi, magram, (Tumca es xarjT-aRricxva ganixi
la da daamtkica safinanso komisiam, es iyo parlamentis muSaobis mi
wurulebSi) igi parlamentma aRar ganixila.
Cven movelodiT, rom male mowveul iqneba damfuZnebeli kreba da
am sakiTxis gadaWra gadaecema damfuZnebel krebas, romelic aris ba
toni da patroni Cveni qveynisa.
marTalia Cveni xazinis mdgomareoba autanelia, dRes igi ganic
dis finansiur kriziss, Cveni qveyana saerTod Raribi aris, magram mi
uxedevaT am mdgomareobisa, safinanso komisia iZulebuli iyo mainc,
zogierT muxlebis Sesworebis garda, mxari daeWira da daemtkicebina
es xarjT-aRricxva, romelsac Tqven ai am wuTSi moismenT.
me mogaxseneT, rom warsul wlis xarjT-aRricxvis datove
ba ise, rogorc iyo SarSan parlamentSi miRebuli, dRes yovlad
SeuZlebelia. me minda magaliTi mogiyvanoT. warsul wels safos
to-satelegrafo da sxva sakancelario xarjebi udrida 25 aTas maneTs.
magram Tqven iciT moqalaqeno, rom am sakancelario nivTebis fasebma
ise aiwies, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia darCes es jami da kancelariam
ganagrZos Tavis arseboba. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg kancelarias moux
deba damatebiT xarjT-aRricxvis warmodgena da Tqven misi damt
kiceba. es ki ufro gaarTulebs Cven sakanondeblo muSaobas, amitom
safinanso komisiam gaadida es jami, 25 aTasis magivrad aris 100-aTa
si. Semdeg kidev me davasaxeleb, damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa sagzao
xarjebisTvis gadadebuli iyo 10 aTasi maneTi. wels amis miReba, ra
sakvirvelia, yovlad SeuZlebelia. wels damfuZnebel krebis wevrebs
ueWvelia mouxdebaT ufro xSirad provinciaSi gamgzavreba, rasak
virvelia, damfuZnebel krebis davalebiT. da es 10 aTasi maneTi Se
darebiT sruliad ver anazRaurebs im xarjebs, romelic unda gas
wion damafuZnebel krebis wevrebma, da es xarjebi gaizdeba. amitom
aq navaraudevi aris 100 aTasi maneTi.
rac Seexeba jamagirebs, es jamagirebic SedarebiT gadidebulia.
ramdenime magaliTs mogiyvanT.
SarSan parlamentis saqmis mwarmoebeli iRebda 650 man. Tqven
mSvenierad iciT, rom dRevandel pirobebSi im jamagiriT cxovreba
yovlad SeuZlebelia. safinanso komisiam miiRo 1000 man.
stenografiul oqmebis Semdgenlebi SarSan Rebuloben 700-m. da
Tqven iciT rom es Sroma Zalian intensiuri aris, da marTlac SeuZle
belia, rom am jildoTi dakmayofildnen. amitom safinanso komisiam
saWirod scno gaudidoT jamagiri 1100 manaTamde.
saerTod Tu aviRebT, TviTeul Tanamdebobis pirs saSualod aqvs
momatebuli Tviuri jamagiri. amis da mixedviT gaizarda is saerTo
jami, romelic iyo miRebuli SarSan. ase rom, Tu warsul wels par
146
lamentis xarjebi udrida 1-milions, wels damfuZnebel krebis xarji
udris, rogorc mogaxseneT, 3-mil. 179 aTass.
maSasadame es erTi garemoeba, romelidanac gamodioda safinanso
komisia, rodesac es adgenda da imuSavebda xarjT-aRricxvas magram es
imas ar amtkicebs, rom safinanso komisiam TiTqos guluxvoba gamoiCi
na. Cven rasakvirvelia, angariSs uwevdiT dRevandel mdgomareobas, im
safinanso kriziss, romelsac ganicdis Cveni saxelmwifo. sadac Sei
Zleboda xelis moWera, sadac SeiZleboda ekonomiis gaweva, safinanso
komisia scdilobda, rom ekonomia gaewia.
ai magaliTad, Cven rodesac Statebi gadavaTvaliereT, zogierTi
Tanamdeboba gavauqmeT.
magaliTad aq aris kancelariis gamgis amxanagis Tanamdeboba. dRes
ki safinanso komisiis mier gauqmebulia es. rasakvirvelia exla Tqven
ze aris damokidebuli miiRebT Tu ara amas.
Semdeg Cven gavauqmeT umcrosi saqmis mwarmoeblebi. ori kate
goria iyo: umcrosi da umfrosi. umcrosi saqmis mwarmoeblebi, Cven
gauerTianeT ufrosebs. sul iyo cxra, eqvsi umfrosi da sami umcro
si. Cven movspeT saxelwodeba, da aRarc umfrosia da aRarc umcrosi,
aris mxolod saqmis mwarmoebeli da aseTi piri sul rva aris.
Semdeg gavauqmeT egzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanamdeboba.
ai es cvlileba aris Setanili komisiis mier.
rasakvirvelia Tqven SegiZlianT ifiqroT, rom mainc didia Cvens
patara respublikisTvis aseTi xarjebis miReba. SeiZleba, magram unda
mogaxsenoT, safinanso komisiis azriT Semcireba, kidev imaze metad,
rac Semcireba moixdines, es yovlad SeuZlebelia. Tu SevamcirebT da
kidev Sors wavalT, maSin Cven, rasakvirvelia, imedi ar gveqneba, rom
damfuZnebel krebis kancelaria Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, da es
movaleoba ki Zalian didi awevs mas! Tu Cven mivmarTavT warsulis mag
aliTebs parlamentis sxdomidan, Tqven iciT, rom warsul wlis gan
mavlobaSi, saqarTvelos parlamentSi sul Semotanili iyo 247 pro
eqti, amaTSi ganxiluli iyo da miRebuli 165 kanon-proeqti da Semdeg
22-SekiTxva. ai yvela am kanon-proeqtebs undoda damuSaveba, gadabe
Wdva, sistemaSi moyvana, gagzavna fraqciebSi, komisiebSi. parlamen
tSi muSaobda 20-de komisia, da daaxlovebiT imaTSi 15-komisia iyo
mTavari da umTavresi. iqac, rasakvirvelia, kancelarias unda gaewia
Savi, muSaoba. TviT kancelariis moxeleebi muSaobdnen am komisieb
Si. da is didi samuSao, romelic awva parlamentis kancelarias, da
damfuZnebeli kreba romelic, ese vsTqvaT, erTgvari memkvidre aris,
kvlav daawveba damfuZnebel krebis kancelarias. ueWvelia damfuZne
beli kreba ufro Zlier tempiT imuSavebs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me mgo
nia es muSaoba ar Semcirdeba Tu ar gaZlierda.
rasakvirvelia parlamentis kancelariis muSaobas warsulSi
hqonda defeqtebi, amas aravin ar uaryobs, safinanso komisia acxadebs
sajarod. magram es miewereba ara romelime moxelis ucodinarobas,
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ara romelime moxelis gulgrilobas, aramed im obieqtiur pirobebs,
romelSiac iyo saerTod Cayenebuli es kancelariis muSaoba, romelic
umTavres samuSaos kisrulobs, mogexsenebaT ar aris am axal kanonde
blobiT muSaobis dros agre rigad advili. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom
es iyo axali saqme Cven socialur cxovrebaSi, da gamocdil, Tavidanve
TavianT, simaRleze mdgar pirebis gamoZebna, Zalian Zneli saqme iyo
da imedi gvaqs, rom momavalSi, rodesac sakanondeblo muSaoba fes
vebs gaidgams da moimagrebs, kancelaria ukeTesad da metis gulmodg
inebiT Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas.
ai is mosazrebani, romelnic me mindoda gameziarebina TqvenTvis,
vidre Cven gadavidodiT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomareobs simon mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. vin aris wi
naaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadasvlisa? gTxovT waikiTxoT.
daviT oniaSvili. exla me Seudgebi pirdapir xarjT aRricxvis
kiTxvas. pirveli muxli... damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa gasamrjelo (yo
fil parlamentis 147 wevris ori Tvisa da 11 dRisa Tviurad 900 m.
angariSiT 313110 m. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs cxra Tvisa da 19 dRisa
Tviurad 1500 m. angariSiT 1878500 m.) – 2. 191. 610 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? pirveli
muxli miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs) damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris an
mis moadgiles sawarmomadgenlo xarjisaTvis 15000 maneTi.
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iro Tanxas. amitom me wavikiTxav jer damfuZnebeli krebis kancelari
is Stats.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia?
d. oniaSvili. Semdeg aq gaxlavT egzekutoris TanaSemwis jamagi
ri, magram, rogorc mogaxseneT es Tanamdeboba safinanso sabiujeto
komisiam gaauqma.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb?
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. (s. d.) saWiro aris darCes ekzekutoris Ta
naSemwis Tanamdeboba, imitom rom saqmeebi Zalian bevri aqvs. social
demokratiul fraqcias azrad aqvs gauqmdes xazinadaris Tanamdebo
ba. radganac xazinadaris Tanamdeboba iqneba gauqmebuli, rasakvirve
lia xazinadaris Tanamdeboba unda daekisros romelime mosamsaxures.
amisTvis SeuZlebelia ekzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanamdebobis ga
uqmeba. amis da mixedviT, social-demokratul fraqcias Semoaqvs ase
Ti winadadeba (kiTxulobs). „darCes egzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanam
deboba“.
149
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, winadadeba aris social-demokratiul
fraqciisa: aRdgenili iqmnes, prezidiumis mier navaraudevi, ekzeku
toris TanaSemwis gauqmebuli Tanamdeboba. vin aris winaaRmdeg? wina
dadeba social-demokratiul fraqciisa miRebulia. social-demokra
tiul fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba gauqmdes xazinadaris Tanamdeboba.
sityva ekuTvnis naTaZes.
leo naTaZe. (s. d.) xazinadars, Cemis azriT, iseTi cota movaleo
ba awevs damfuZnebel krebis kancelariaSi, rom sruliad zedmetia,
misTvis calke Tanamdeboba iyos dawesebuli. Semosaval gasavali
sruliad ar aris, martivia, arc rTulia movaleoba. ise rom special
ur Tanamdebobis daweseba sruliad zedmetia. es miT ufro saWiro ar
aris imitom, rom iq sadac ufro didi movaleoba awevs, sadac ufro
meti Semosaval-gasavalia, _ am dawesebulebebSi ukve gauqmebulia
es Tanamdeboba, magaliTad saministroebSi. saministros xazinadars
bevrad ufro didi movaleoba awevs, gacilebiT meti, vidre awevs
Cvens xazinadars. es movaleoba SeiZleba daekisros kancelariis ro
melime wevrs.
amitom Cven Semogvaqs winadadeba rom gauqmebuli iyos xazina
daris Tanamdeboba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva. msurveli aravin aris. kenWs uyri am
winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi. (baraTaSvili winaaRmdegia) wina
dadeba social-demokratiis fraqciisa miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs).
150
katalogebi unda Seadginos, wignebi unda daalagos sxva da sxva naw
ilebis mixedviT.
amisTvis winadadeba Semomaqvs, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces
1000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, kenWs uyri Sesworebas social-demokra
tiul fraqciisas, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces 1000 man. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
oniaSvili kiTxulobs: biblioTekis gamgis TanaSemwe 1 – 750 _ Tvi
urad.
jami Seicvleba aq miRebul cvlilebebis mixedviT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlad Statisa? aravin. miRe
bulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sakancelario, safosto-satelegrafo
da sxva sameurneo xarjebisTvis 100 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): kancelariis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT
miwveul momuSaveTa sasyidlisaTvis 10 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sxva da sxva moulodnel SemTxvevis
gamo mosamsaxureTa daxmarebisTvis 15 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): biblioTekis Sevsebisa da sxva xarji
saTvis 200 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sastambo xarjisTvis 60 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. sastambo xarjebis dasafaravad 60 aTasi Zalian
cota aris. ai ratom.
yvela kanon-proeqti, romelic unda warmosdges damfuZnebel
krebis gansaxilvelad, upirveles yovlisa, unda iyos dabeWdili da
daurigdes damfuZnebel krebis yovel wevrs. es aris saWiro, rom
yvela damfuZnebel krebis wevrebma Segnebuli monawileoba miiRos
kanon-mdeblobaSi, da amisTvis ki saWiroa didi sastambo xarjebi. dRe
vandel siZvireSi 60 aTasi maneTi sastambo xarjebisaTvis _ es Zalian
cota aris, da amitom Semomaqvs Semdegi winadadeba (kiTxulobs) _ sas
tambo xarjebi gadiddes ase: 60.000 man. magier Setanil iqnes xarcTaR
ricxvaSi asi aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba gax
lavT. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa sagzao da
dRiur xarjisaTvis 100 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): komisiebSi mowveul mcodne pirTa
gasamrjelosaTvis 20 aTasi maneTi.
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Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): gauqmebul Tanamdebobis pirTa dakmay
ofilebisaTvis 1919 w. ianvris, Tebervlis da martis jamagiriT 6300
maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): saerTo jami Secvlili iqneba miRebul
cvlilebebis mixedviT.
exla gaxlavT TviT kanonproeqti (kiTxulobs): kanonproeqti saqar
Tvelos damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxvis damtkicebisa.
muxli 1. damtkicebul iqnes am kanonTan darTuli saqarTvelos
damfuZnebel krebis 1919 w. xarjTaRricxva.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs) 2 muxli, damtkicebul iqnes am kanon
Tanve darTuli saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis kancelariis Stati
da 1919 xarjTa aRricxva.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs) pirvelsa da meore muxlSi aRniSnuli
xarjT-aRricxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad miRebul iqmnes saxelmwifos
xazinidan ama 1919 w. ianvris 1-dan wlis damlevamde 3 milioni 179 aTa
si 10 maneTi (rasakvirvelia es saerTo jami Seicvleba im cvlilebebis
mixedviT, romelTa miReba ineba damfuZnebelma krebam).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
exla saerTod uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts vin aris winaaRmdegi!
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi sakiTxi, sxva da
sxva komisiebis arCeva, sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs urataZes.
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giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) es komisiebi, rasakvirvelia, saWiro
aris, amis winaaRmdeg ara varT. magram gamotovebulia erTi komisia,
romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs. es aris komisia Sesaxeb gareo saq
meebisa.
swored Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba iseTia, rom im sagnebs,
im sakiTxebs, romlebic Cveni qveynis irgvliv trialeben _ metad didi
mniSvneloba aqvT.
saerTaSoriso xasiaTis yovel sakiTxis Tvalyuris devna metad
Znelia da metad mZime. amisTanave mogaxsenebT, rom es metad saWiroa.
Cven ki TiTqmis rom mowyvetili varT am sakiTxebs. Cven Zalian gvian
vigebT bevr movlenebs, da parlaments ki, gansakuTrebiT damfuZnebel
krebas ar SeuZlian didi yuradReba ar miaqcion am sakiTxs.
amitom me gTxovT, dResve, rac gind iyos, siaSi mainc SeitaneT,
rom es komisia arCeuli iyos.
es aucilebeli saWiroeba, vinaidgan es sakiTxi _ are movlenebisa
aris udidesi sakiTxi, sadac swydeba Cveni bedi da ubedoba. amisTana
garemoebas ar SeiZleba ar mivaqcioT yuradReba, ar SeiZleba ar gvya
vdes aseTi komisia, romelsac daevaleba Tvalyuris devna am aresi.
me winadadebas viZlevi, rom es komisia amorCeuli iyos.
adre, rodesac Jordania laparakobda, gatarebuli iyo is azri,
rom komisiebi arCeul iqneboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ra saministro
iqneboda. principialurad amis winaaRmdegi araferi unda gqondeT
unda aRiaroT aseTi movlena, _ rom are saerTaSoriso ganwyobilebi
sa aris mniSvnelovani. Tu ki amaze ver ityviT uars, Tu es mniSvnelo
vania, _ damfuZnebel krebas sWiria gasakuTrebuli komisia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs eqvTime TayaiSvils.
eqvTime TayaiSvili. (er. dem.) me unda mogaxsenoT batonebo, rom
Tu Tqven irCevT komisiebs, ufro saSuri aris sabiblioTeko komisia,
vinaidan biblioTekisTvis Tqven exla miiReT biujeti 200 aTasi im mo
sazrebiT, rom azrad gvaqvs am dReebSi SeviZinoT erTi karga mowyo
bili biblioTeka.
amisTvis gTxovT rom sabiblioTeko komisia airCioT dResve,
vinaidan komisiam unda Seamowmos da daadasturos es.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis cincaZes.
noe cincaZe. (s. d.) sabiblioTeko komisiis arCevis winaaRmdegni
Cven ara varT. marTalia, rom es sakiTxi saSuroa, unda avirCioT. dRes
SeiZleba ver movaswroT, magram Semdeg sxdomaze mainc avirCevT.
rac Seexeba sagareo saqmeTa komisias, aseTi komisia parlamen
tSi marTlac arsebobda, magram faqtiurad is arafers ar akeTebda.
imas exlandel pirobebSi SeiZleba sainformacioT xasiaTi mieces. Tu
SemdegSi raime xelSekruleba daideba Tavis Tavad cxadia, Tu aseTi
SemTxveva iqneba, Tu rodesme dadgeba aseTi mdgomareoba, maSin Cven
amis da mixedviT aseT komisias avirCevT. yovel SemTxvevaSi am sakiTxs
153
merme ganvixilavT. rac Seexeba meore winadadebas Sesaxeb sabiblioTe
ko komisiis arCevisa, sakiTxi maSin daismeva roca saWiro iqneba. (gva-
zava: exla ar aris saWiro?) exla ar aris saWiro.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? Semotanilia sami winadadeba so
cial-demokratebisa, rom arCeuli iqmnes Semdegi komisiebi (kiTxu
lobs): Sromis, TviTmarTvelobis, agraruli, saxalxo ganaTlebis, sax
alxo janmrTelobis, samxedro, iuridiuli, xelovnebisa da sagzao.
meore winadadeba krebis wevris gvazavasi.
mesame winadadeba eqvTime TayaiSvilisa sabiblioTeko komisiis
Sesaxeb.
kenWs uyri pirvel winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia.
meore winadadeba: sagareo komisiis Sesaxeb. vin aris momxre?
uaryofilia.
mesame winadadeba. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT daas
axeloT wevrebi. konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs)
Sromis komisiaSi soc. dem. fraqcia. asaxelebs: 1. gerasime maxaraZ
es, 2. ioseb eligulaSvils, 3. ilia badriZes. 4. eleonora-ter-farsego
va-maxvilaZes. 5. minadora toroSeliZes. 6. andria loskutovs. 7.
elisabed bolqvaZes. 8 gerasime SevCuks. 9. vasil nodias. 10. filipe
lorias.
soc. fed. fraqcia. 1. iese baraTaSvils.
TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilobriv
mmarTvelobis komisiaSi.
agrarul komisiaSi.
154
janmrTelobis komisiaSi.
samxedro komisiaSi.
iuridiul komisiaSi.
gzaTa komisiaSi.
xelovnebis komisiaSi.
krebis Sewyveta.
155
krebis ganaxleba.
agrarul komisiaSi:
samxedro komisiaSi:
iuridiul komisiaSi:
gzaTa komisiaSi:
156
xelovnebis komisiaSi:
157
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meSvide sxdoma
159
Tavmjdomare. neba momeciT sapasuxo depeSa gaugzavnoT.
(xmebi: gTxovT, inebeT!).
160
maSasadame, Tanaxmad winadadebisa, Tu kreba gaiziarebs, maSin
dRiuri wesrigi iqneba amisTana:
saboloo teqsti,
axalcixis momxdar ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis mox
seneba.
damfuZnebel krebis reglamenti.
am mcire komisiis arCevnebi.
vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis wevrobisa da moxeleobis
SeuTavseblobis kanonisa. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
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agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar Stabis wevrebzed. aq CamoTvlil
TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia.
komisiam miiRo. (kiTxulobs).
SeniSvna: es debuleba ar vrceldeba: ministrebsa, maTs amxana
gebsa, saxelmwifo kontroliorsa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa da umaR
les skolis profesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da leqtorebzed. ar
vrceldeba agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar Stabis wevrebzed. aq Ca
moTvlil TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobasTan
SesaZlebelia.
maSasadame pirveli muxli aseTi aris (kiTxulobs).
1. damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba da sxva saxelmwifo dawesebule
baSi samsaxuri erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
SeniSvna: es debuleba ar vrceldeba: ministrebsa, maTs amxanagebsa,
saxelmwifo kontroliorsa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa da umaRles skolis
profesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da leqtorebzed. ar vrceldeba
agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar-Stabis wevrebzed. aq CamoTvlil
TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame es meore naxevari am muxlisa SeniSvnis
saxiT midis. surs vismes amis Sesaxeb sityva Tu ara? aravis. maSasadame
miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. meore muxli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiT
xulobs).
adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevrebs ar aekrZale
baT iyvnen imave dros damfuZnebel krebis wevrad.
axali redaqcia aseTia: (kiTxulobs).
2. adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevrs ar aekrZale
ba iyos imave dros damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad.
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. mesame muxli ucvlelad aris miRebuli.
me-4 muxli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
4. is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel da meore muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni, gasamrjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi
arCeviT.
axali redaqcia aris aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. Tanamdebobis pirni, pirvelsa da meore muxlSi moxsenebulni,
gasamrjelos miiReben erT-erT adgilidan, romelsac amoirCeven.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. 5 muxli. aq marto stilistiuri Sesworebebi
aris. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebels Tanamdebobas asrule
ben, movalea dRidan am kanonis miRebisa erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi
Semoitanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebel krebis wevris ufle
bas da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.
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axali aris aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebel Tanamdebobas asrulebs,
valdebulia erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis miRebisa
Semoitanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dasto
va. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebeli krebis wevris
uflebas da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. 6 muxli ucvlelad aris miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? maSasadame mTeli kanon-proekti
miRebulia.
axalcixeSi momxdar ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis
moxseneba. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs anjafariZes.
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debuliyo. cnobilia, rom osmaleTi Cinebuli politikosia, da mas
kargad esmoda, rom saqarTvelos maSin ar surda gareSe ruseTisa
yofna, da amitom is darwmunebuli iyo, rom Tu ki qristiani qarT
velebi dauaxlovdebodnen Tavis RviZl Zmebs musliman-qarTvelebs
da kulturulad SemoierTebdnen maT, rasakvirvelia am ukanask
nelSi osmalebs sruli niadagi daekargebodaT, amitom panTurqis
tul agitacias samahmadiano saqarTveloSi konkretulad saqarT
velos sawinaaRmdego xasiaTi hqonda. osmalebma, kavkasiaSi Zalian
gulwrfeli TanamSromeli hpoves aderbeijanelebSi. msoflio omis
dasawyisSi, rodesac panislamizmis agitacias gansakuTrebuli gamo
cocxleba daetyo, baqos musulmanTa saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebis
warmomadgenelni muSaobdnen baTomis da yarsis olqSi, agreTve ax
alcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebSi. es moRvaweebi viTomc da saqvel
moqmedo miznebs isaxavdnen, magram sinamdvileSi ki ganaviTarebd
nen sastik panTurqistul agitacias, da gansakuTrebiT es agitacia
iyo qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli. meTaurobda am agitacias,
am moRvaweobas kargad cnobili eqimi sulTanovi. axirebulia is
garemoeba, rom ruseTis mTavroba Zalian gul-grilad uyurebda
aseT muSaobas, piriqiT zogjer mxarsac uWerda. axalcixis mazraSi
ori mazris umfrosi iyo, orive tomiT inguSi. isini aSkarad dadi
odnen xalxSi da ara Tu agitacias eweodnen, pirdapir SearaRebul
ajanyebisTvisac mouwodebdnen xalxs.
erTi maTgani aSkarad laparakobda: „saqarTvelo, rom aq Camov
ides, dauaxlovdes adgilobriv mkvidrT sakmarisia 10-15 weliwadi,
rom mTeli aqauri mahmadianoba gaqarTveldes, amitom Cven movaleo
bas Seadgens, yovelive kavSiri SevwyvitoT saqarTvelosTan“. an meore
ufro praqtikosi gamodga. es rasakvirvelia agitacias eweoda, magram
meores mxriv, miuTiTebda xalxs im garemoebaze, rom aucilebelia
SeiaraReba. yovel musulmans is elaparakeboda: _ „saWiroa TqvenTvis
erTi qaTami da 100 kvercxio, ese igi 1 Tofi da 100 patrona“-o.
adgilobrivi qarTveli musulmanoba gulgrilad uyurebda
aseT agitacias. yovel SemTxvevaSi ar aris magaliTi imisi, rom igi
aSkarad mimxroboda am moZraobas, magram zogierT gadagvarebuli
elementi aqac moiZebneba. 1905 wels iq dabinavda Tqvengan kargad
cnobili omar faiyi musulmanur-Turqul literaturaSi cnobili
mwerali. is, rogorc ki dabrunda osmaleTidan maSinaTve Seudga pa
nislamistur agitacias da osmaleTis sasargeblo niadagis momzade
bas. am niadagze muSaobdnen agreTve seimis yofili wevri pepinovi,
servedbeg-aTabegovi,
adgilobrivi msxvili memamuleebi da sxvebi. revoliuciis pirvel
xanebSi es moZraoba cota ar iyos Sedunda, radganac xalxma dainaxa
farToT perspeqtivebi Tavisuflebis mopovebisa.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom axalcixis mazraSi miwis sakiTxi Zalian
mwvaved sdgas da rodesac xalxma marTla dainaxa, rom SeuZlian bo
164
los da bolos miwa miiRos da erTxel da samudamod ganTavisufldes
begebisagan, rasakvirvelia is momxre gaxda revoliuciisa da zurgi
Seaqcia imaT, vinc mas osmaleTisaken mouwodebda.
magram saubedurod, revoliuciis pirvel talRebs mohyva anarqia,
romelic gabatonda samwuxarod im adgilebSi, sadac musulmanebi mo
saxleobdnen. da rodesac dadga safrTxe bolSevizmisa, rusis jaris
kacebis carcva glejisa da sxva garemoebiT farTod isargebles pan
Turqistebma.
1917-wels 17-noemberSi axalcixes mazraSi moxda yriloba kavkasi
aSi mosaxle yvela musulmanebisa. iq sxvaTaSoris unda gadaewyvitaT
sabolood bedi musulmanebisa. pirvel sxdomis Semdegi sxdomebi dax
urul karebSi swarmoebda da Cven gvaqvs cnobebi, rom iq upirveles
yovlisa, gadawyvetili iyo yovelgvari kavSiri SeewyvitaT saqarT
velosTan, radganac revoliucia, konkretiulad saqarTvelos saxiT
warmoadgenda maTTvis safrTxes. aq aseTi gadawyvetilebac ki mieRoT:
„imisTvis, rom mizans mivaxwioT, ese igi, saqarTvelosTan yovelgvari
kavSiri SevwyvitoT, saWiroa mTeli borjomis gza gavanadguroT,
xidebi avafeTqoT, da yovelive msvleloba SevwyvitoT am gzaze, rom
saqarTvelo borjomis aqeT ar iyoso. SevqmnaT saxelmwifo yarsisa,
ardaganisa da baTumis olqebisagan, romelsac SeiZleba miumatoT ax
alcixe da axalqalaqi. yarsi Cveni cixe iqnebao, ardagani gamogvkve
bams puriT da sxva sursaTiT da baTumi ki Tbilisis adgils daiWers,
radganac is dagvakavSirebs dasavleT evropasTan, iyvnen zogierTni,
romelnic lamobdnen, am saxelmwifosaTvis avtonomiis mopoebas os
maleTis farglebSi, magram mainc da mainc am ukanasknel sakiTxs did
yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen.
Tqven iciT kargad, rom Semdeg, miuxedavad im gmirul brZolisa,
romelsac awarmoebda erTi jgufi mcireodeni jarisa niWier mxedris
Reneral mayaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, ramodenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi
Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, Cagvebarebina axalcixe osmaleTisTvis. am
rigad osmaleTma sisxlis dauRvrelad Caibara mesxeTi da javaxeTi.
xalxi, vimeoreb, xalxi gans idga, monawileobas ar Rebulobda am moZ
raobaSi, da rodesac osmaleTi Camovida, yvelasaTvis aSkara gaxda, ra
did ubedurebaSi Caagdo es xalxi zogierTma avantiuristma.
xalxma igema is didi begara, romelic mas daado osmaleTma. rasak
virvelia Zalian farTo xasiaTi hqonda agreTve pirad Seuracxyofas,
da ambobdnen viTamc omar faiyi ukmayofilo yofiliyo, rom avtono
mia ar mianiWa osmaleTma axalcixes. magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, osma
leTis panTurqistebi uyurebdnen rogorc Tavis saxelmwifos da mis
winaaRmdeg ar ibrZodnen.
msoflio omis msvlelobiT Seicvala osmaleTis mdgomareoba da
is iZulebuli Seiqmna daecala axalcixe da axalqalaqis mazrebi, ma
gram osmaleTi, rasakvirvelia, ar fiqrobda iseTis mSvidobianobiT
daecala es mxare, rogorc Cven davscaleT igi Tavis droze piriqiT
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igi scdilobda rogorme iseTi pirobebi Seeqmna adgilobriv, rom
did gaWirvebaSi Caegdo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivoba Tu ki
sazogadod moxdeboda am gvaris qarTvelebisagan daWera. aq warmo
madgeneli osmaleTisa iyo vinme xalil-faSa, man Sehqna mWidro orga
nizacia adgilobriv elementebisagan, msxvil memamuleebSi, romel
Tac saqarTvelo imitom ar undodaT, rom saqarTvelos SemosvlasTan
erTad Semovidoda agraruli reforma, maT waerTmeodaT yovelive
batonoba xalxze. es erTi, meores mxriv, saubedurod, axalcixeSi os
malos xalxis erTi jgufi, tomiT ara qarTveli, dainteresebuli iyo
imaSi, rom qarTvelebi ar Camosuliyvnen axalcixeSi, axalcixis mazra
Si radganac maT surdaT sul sxva saxelmwifos farglebSi yofna. me
vambob somxebze. warmoidgineT, rom moxda SeTanxmeba Turqofil be
gebsa erTis mxriv, da meores mxriv somxebisa. rasakvirvelia, mTeli
somxis xalxi ar eria am SeTanxmebaSi, magram maTi meTaurebi ki TiTqmis
yvela! moxda SeTanxmeba im niadagze, rom mesxeTi da javaxeTi unda
daeyoT erTmaneT Soris. javaxeTi unda miscemoda somxebs, da mesxeTi
ki im saxelmwifos, romelsac qmnida served-bei da sxvebi. arCeul iqna
Sereuli delegacia somxebisa da musulmanebisa, romelic gaemgzavra
jer axalqalaqSi da Semdeg erevanSi. me ar vici, ra Sedegebi mohyva am
delegacias, magram aRsaniSnavia es garemoeba, rom somxeTTan omi Cven
mogvivida sworeT am dros da Cven viciT, rom somxebis moTxovnile
baSi axalqalaqis mazrac iyo dasaxelebuli. delegaciis muslimanTa
nawilma axalqalaqidan gagzavna depeSa konstantinopolSi, mokav
SireTa misiebis saxelze. am depeSaSi isini protests acxadebdnen imis
Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelo, romelsac hyavs moyvared germania, cdilobs
ZaliT Caigdos xelSi axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebi, sadac musul
manebi Seadgendnen 100,000 da somexi ki 70,000 met mcxovreblebs, da
rom arc erTs maTgans ar surT saqarTvelo, „romelic TviT curaobs
anarqiisa da carcva glejis morevSi“. amitom isini sTxovden mokav
Sireebs mieRoT isini Tavis mfarvelobis qveS. da Tu es SesaZlebeli
ar iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, ise moaxerxon saqme, rom es mazrebi darCes
Zveli batonis, ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS ra Sedegebi mohyva am depe
Sas, Cven ar viciT.
maSasadame adgilobriv, axalcixeSi iyo Seqmnili erTgvari mTav
roba. xalil-faSam am mTavrobas dautova 200 gadacmuli askeri da
ramdenime osmaluri oficeri. garda amisa, axalcixidan wasvlisas
man erTi provokacia Caidina. man dauriga adgilobriv musulmanebs
uTvalavi iaraRi da tyvia-wamali da masTan arwmunebda: „es Tof
iaraRi saWiro aris saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, romelic ara sgziT ar
unda iyos SemoSvebuli mesxeT-javaxeTSi“-o. magram mainca da mainc
didi winaaRmdegoba Cveni jarebisTvis ar iqna gaweuli. upirveles
yovlisa imitom, rom TviT Cven mowinaaRmdegeebSi uTanxmoeba mox
da, ramdenime begi gamoeyo servedbeis amxanagebs. maT aSinebdaT Cve
ni jaris Zlevamosiloba. isini darwmunebuli iyvnen imaSi, rom ver
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gauZlebdnen Cveni jaris ieriSebs. da gadawyvites misi sisxlis dauR
vrelad SemoSveba. kidevac 4 dekembers, rogorc viciT, Cveni jari Se
vida axalcixeSi. servedbeim ar isurva aq darCena da xalil-faSasTan
erTad gaixizna da Tan waiyvana Tavisi momxreebi. panTurqistebi adg
ilobriv mainc darCnen da rasakvirvelia ar iyvnen Cveni momxreni da
arc morCiloba gamoucxadebiaT. magram sxva gamosavali ar hqondaT,
isini miyuCdnen droebiT mxolod imitom, rom Semdeg moxerxebul
dros epovnaT saSualeba da ajanyeba moexdinaT. samwuxarod _ Cvenda,
is jari, romelic axalcixeSi Cavida, ar iyo sakmaod Zlieri ricxviT.
am garemoebam rasakvirvelia didi imedebi Caunerga Cven mowinaaRm
degeebs. rodesac Cvenma mTavrobam daiwyo aq agrarul reformis ga
tareba, iman didi aRfrTovaneba gamoiwvia xalxSi, es rasakvirvelia
aSkaraa, amas damtkiceba ar sWiria. aq moxda glexebis yriloba, ro
gorc Tqven iciT, yrilobas daeswrnen yvela soflis warmomadgen
lebi, da am yrilobam erT xmad gadaswyvita, rom iyos saqarTvelos
farglebSi. da yvela TiTqmis moiTxovda Cqara agrarul reformis
gatarebas. es sababi iyo, rasakvirvelia, Cven mowinaaRmdegeebisTvis,
rom maT daeCqarebinaT TavianTi moqmedeba. upirvelesyovlisa maT
daiwyes provokacia Cvens winaaRmdeg swored am niadagze. miwebis
darigebis niadagze. isini laparakobdnen: „miwebs Tqven vin mogce
mT, es Tavis dReSi ar momxdara. da Tu Cven miwebs gvarTmeven es imi
tom, rom saqarTveloSi miwa Zalian cota aris da xalxi Zalian bevri.
saqarTvelos surs tetiebi raWvelebi gadmoasaxlos aq, Tqven ki yve
lani amogxocoT“-o. swored am dros aseTi agitaciis da sazogadod
Cven winaaRmdeg muSaobis gamo, daWerili iyo omar-faiyi da sxvebi,
maT icnobdnen rogorc naswavl kacebs da Cvenma mowinaaRmdegeebma
amaze miuTiTes xalxs. ai Tqven xedavT, Tqven meTaurebs iWeren, rom
Tqven cxvris farasaviT wagiyvanon, da axalcixis axalqalaqis maz
ra gaaqarTvelono. xalxs sjeroda es Tu ara, ar vici, magram, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, araviTari aqtivoba Cvens winaaRmdeg ar gamouCenia. es
aSkaraa. Tqven kargad iciT, rom somxeTis omis damTavrebis Semdeg
moxda demobilizacia, romelic Seexo im mcire ricxovan jarsac, ro
melic idga axalcixeSi. am demobilizaciis Semdeg kidev ufro nak
lebi Zala darCa aq. maSin iqaurma meamboxeebma, romelnic focxovis
raionSi iyvnen, ieriSi moitanes Cvens winaaRmdeg.
ai aq me unda SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba erT garemoebaze. lapa
rakobdnen, viTomc, saomari moqmedeba focxovis sazRvrebze iyo ga
mowveuli Cveni jaris uwesobiT, rasakvirvelia SesaZlebelia, rom
jars uwesoba moexdina. magram, me amas kategoriulad vacxadeb, rom
es ar iyo mizezi ajanyebisa, es ase rom iyos ajanyeba, ueWvelad dai
wyoboda iq, sadac uwesoba moxda. magram farToT im adgilebs, sadac
sazRvari iyo iqac ki, sadac Cveni jari arc ki mdgara, is ar moedobo
da arasgziT. magram Cven viciT, rom saomarma moqmedebam pirveladve
farTo xasiaTi miiRo.
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Cveni jari mcire ricxovani iyo da is iZulebuli Seiqna daxeuli
yo ukan. saomari moqmedeba grZeldeboda. da swored maSin, rodesac
Cveni jari imarjvebda, uceb meamboxeni moeqcnen Cven jars zurgs
ukan, rasakvirvelia Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi Caayena am garemoebam
Cveni jari, psiqologiuri gavlenac iqonia. gaisma: „aq Ralatia“. da
Tqven iciT ra gavlena aqvs aseT xmebs. zurgs ukan meamboxeni moeqcnen
Cven jars swored iq, sadac somxebis soflebi iyo. moxda daxeva Cve
ni jarisa jer soflidan da mere axalcixidan. saubedurod ise swra
fi iyo daxeva, rom aravin amas ar moeloda. da qarTveli elementebi.
qristiani qarTvelebi, romelnic Cven jarTan erTad ibZoden, auta
nel mdgomareobaSi Cavardnen. imaT erTi wuTic ar darCaT imisTvis,
rom evakuacia moexdinaT Tavis qonebisa da gaxiznuliyvnen sadme.
warmoidgineT, rom zogierT saxlebSi anTebuli lamfebi Cauqrobeli
darCaT, ise swrafi Seiqna gamoqceva. rasakvirvelia, mis Semdeg, rac
Cveni jari wamovida, sanam sxva raime Zala daiWerda mis adgils, moxda
saSineli darbeva, carcva-gleja. yvela qarTveli soflebi darbeuli
iqna Zalian bevri, asobiT aris daxocil daWrili, bevri tyved way
vanili, gansakuTrebiT qalebi.
sazogadod unda mogaxsenoT, rom qarTveli qristianebis mdgo
mareoba autanelia axalcixis mazraSi. axalcixeSi Tqven dainaxavT
Zalian bevrs daavantyofebul da damSivrebul moxucebul qalebs,
romelic talaxian quCebSi Ronemixdilni yrian.
meore dRes Cveni jaris wamosvlisas Camovida iq razmi, romelsac
serveTbei meTaurobda. is ar iyo brbo, rogorc Cven gvesmis. Cven vic
iT kargaT, rom erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi iq, sadac, osmaleTi Semovi
da xalxs swvrTnidnen saomar moqmedebisTvis; amisTvis osmaleTidgan
gamogzavnili iyvnen oficrebi, CauSebi, ese igi unter oficrebi, ro
melnic aswavliden xalxs, rogorc jaris kacebs; sakmao iaraRic hqon
daT darigebuli. maT yavdaT oficrebi da sxvaTaSoris gareuli iyo
am xalxSi osmaleTis oficrebi da askerebi. es aSkaraa, amas lapara
koben TviT mahmadianebi. imaT sTqves: Cven kidevac vicaniT is pirebi,
romelnic ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyvnen axalcixeSi. rodesac
axalcixe daiWires sereveTbeis jarebma, sereveTbei Seecada, rom iq
Seeqmna raime saxelmwifo aparati. is ar gamodioda, rogorc kerZo
pirovneba, is iyo warmodgenili egredwodebul samxreT kavkasiis
teritoriisa. axalcixis, axalqalaqis mazraSi maT Sehqmnes droebi
Ti komisariati. Tavmjdomare am komisiariatisa iyo TviT serveTbei.
maT surdaT, rogorc etyoba, es komisariati erovnebaTa warmomad
genlobis niadagze SeeqmnaT. man mimarTa oficialurad yvela erovne
bebs, warmoidgineT qarTvelebsac ki mimarTa Turme, gaveranebul
gacarcul qarTvelebs, magram, rasakvirvelia, qarTvelebma pasux
ic ar gasces, mimarTa agreTve somxebs. komisiam ver gamoarkvia, amis
sabuTebi adgilobriv ver naxa, miiRes Tu ara somxebma monawileoba.
amitom Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom ar miuRiaT somxebs oficialu
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rad monawileoba am komisariatSi. Tumca serveTbeis erTi cnobili
sazogado moRvawe TviT dauniSnavs erT did Tanamdebobaze, finansTa
komisrad, magram mas uari ganucxadebia am Tanamdebobaze da faqti
urad is ar muSaobda. rusebis warmomadgenlebi ki iyvnen imaT didi
siamovnebiT miiRes maTi Tanamdebobani da kidevac Zalian energiulad
muSaobdnen am niadagze. serveTbeis dauniSnavs agreTve erTi kaci,
romlis deda qarTvelia Turme, dauniSnavs Tavisi nebiT da miundvia
misTvis qarTvelebis warmomadgenloba. rasakvirvelia qarTvelebi
imas Tavis warmomadgenlad ar sTvlidnen, magram, mainc, is iTvleboda
oficialurad qarTvelebis warmomadgenlad. TiTon is rusia tomiT,
deda ki qarTveli hyavs.
es kaci iyo TanaSemwe serveTbeis. maSasadame, am komisiariats hqon
da saxelmwifos yvela funqciebi. warmoidgineT, rom jaris organi
zaciasac ki Seudga serveTbei. am mizniT man moiwvia erTi polkovniki,
rusi, albad is baTumidan Camovida. da Cven StabSi vnaxeT dokumente
bi, saidanac sCans, rom is rusi Seudga marTlac muSaobas. mas war
moudgenia serverbeis dasamtkiceblad proeqti jaris SesadgenaT. da
am proeqtSi iyo naTqvami, rom jari unda Sesdges ise, rogorc aris
mowyobili moxaliseTa jari. igive Stati, igive jamagiri oficrebi
sa, igive organizacia jarisa. me ar vici hqonda Tu ara pirdapiri kav
Siri moxaliseebTan serveTbeis. amisi dasabuTeba ver vipoveT. magram
komisia fiqrobs, rom albad, radganac serveTbei didxans iyo baTomSi,
sanam ajanyeba moxdeboda, man Sehkra kavSiri moxaliseebis zogierT
warmomadgenlebTan da albad moxaliseebma mxari dauWires, rogorc
iseT kacs, romelsac unda moewyo ajanyeba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
amaSi gamoixateba albad maT Soris kavSiri.
26-27 dRe ibatona serverbeim axalcixis mazraSi. xalxma ar dauWi
ra mxari, es aSkaraa. yvela is moTxovnilebani, romelnic serveTbeis
mTavrobam xalxs warudgina upasuxo darCa verc xarki akrifa xalxis
agan, verc mobilizacia moaxdina jaris Sesaqmnelad. rodesac Cvenma
jarma ieriSi moitana awyurSi serveTbei Turme tyviis mfrqveveliT
dadioda soflad da erekeboda xalxs, magram mainc xalxi mas ar ga
hyva. maSasadame umTavresi Zala, romelsac eyrdnoboda serverbei es
iyo focxovi da osmaleTis askerebi. TviT im organizaciaSi, romelic
Sehqmna serveTbeim, moxda erTgvari ganxeTqileba. upirveles yovlisa
begebi yvela ar miemxrnen serveTbeis. da am begebs ki gavlena hqondaT
xalxSi. zogi ar moemxro imitom, rom ver moiTmines aseTi axalgazrda
kacis, rogoric iyo serveTbei, batonoba. „ratom is unda iyos batoni
da ara Cven“-o. _ zogierTi pirad mtrobis niadagze opoziciaSi Caud
ga da xalxi Tavisken waiyvana. ese igi swored im dros, roca Cveni jari
ieriSze gadavida es organizacia Signidan irRvevoda. Cveni jarebis
ieriSebma, cota ar iyos gaamagra es organizacia da man gadaswyvita
sastiki winaaRmdegobis gaweva da es asec moxda. pirveli winaaRm
degoba moxda awyurSi. Tqven iciT, rom awyurSi isini sastikad dam
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arcxdnen, da SemdegSiac axalcixeSi fexi ver moikides. ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi Cvenma jarma sul erTianad gaswminda axalcixis mazra
da Semdeg focxovic ki aiRes. jaris meTauri aris Renerali kvinitaZe.
ramdenadac SeeZlo komisias gacnobiliyo mis moqmedebas, igi darw
munda, rom Renerali kvinitaZe aris metad niWieri da Tavis saqmeebis
kargad mcodne Renerali, da man marTlac saucxovod Seasrula is mov
aleoba, romelic mas daekisra. agreTve iTqmis mis Stabis umfrosze
polkovnik gedevaniSvilze. saubedurod, Tumca xalxs monawileoba
ar miuRia ajanyebaSi, magram zogierT im adgilebSi, sadac saomari mo
qmedeba moxda, zogierT eqscesebs adgili hqonda, sruliad zedmetia
laparaki imaze, rom sadac jarma gaiara brZoliT Zalian dazaralda
xalxi. yvela soflebidan xalxi gaixizna imitom, rom aTasnair xmebs
avcelebdnen. avrcelebdnen, rom Tu qarTvelebi movlen, isini gagaqa
rTveleben ZaliT. amogxocaven, saqarTveloSi gadagvasaxleben da
sxva. rasakvirvelia xalxze, glexkacobaze amas hqonda gavlena, da
xalxi gaixizna da es gaxizvna, es evakuacia, ese rom vsTqvaT, ise fic
xlad moxda, rom xalxma ver moaxerxa Tavisi saqonlis Tan waReba. am
rigad xalxis mTeli avladideba upatronod darCa da gatacebul iqna.
unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom carcva-gleja moxda im adgilebSic,
sadac jari ar yofila. magram rasakvirvelia es Cveni jaris brali ki
ar aris, aramed iq Seqmnil pirobebisa. serveTbeis mTavroba wavida,
wavida masTan erTad misi administraciac. Cven ki uceb administra
tiul aparatis Seqmnac ver movaswariT. qveyana darCa upatronoT, da
amiT isargebles sxva da sxva bnelma elementebma da rasakvirvelia
gacarcves xalxi. da marTlac, adgilobrivad iq Tqven mravlad dain
axavT sxva da sxva pirebs jaris kacebis tanisamosSi gadacmulebs (xma:
ratom ar diaWireT?) yvela daWerili ar aris saubedurod, radganac
Zalian bevri iyvnen.
sazogadod sxva da sxva warmomadgenlebma, yvelam sTqva, rom um
Tavres SemTxvevaSi isini axdendnen aq am uwesoebaso. rodesac Cveni
jari wamovida da serveT-beis jarebi mividnen, maSin isini gadacmul
ni iyvnen imave tanisamosSi da exla ki isev jariskacebis tanisamosi
da Cveni saxeliT erTnair uwesoebas axdendnen. rasakvirvelia, me ar
uarvyob, rom Cveni jarisaganac iyo zogierTi imisTana elementi, ro
melic axdenda amisTana uwesobas. da kidevac amis winaaRmdeg komisiis
axalcixeSi yofnis dros iyo miRebuli ficxeliv zomebi, sxva da sxva
adgilebSi dayenebuli iyo piketebi saxalxo gvardielebisa da ufro
saimedo jaris kacebisa da isini gamvlel gamomvlels sinjavdnen da
gacarcul saqonels arTmevdnen. am gvarad mravali xorbleuli da
sxva saqoneli moagroves sxva da sxva adgilebidan da sxvaTa Soris
dacarielebul soflebidan, mogrovili xorbleuli erT centrSi
daawyes. ase, rom ar moqceuliyvnen, upatronod darCenil qonebas gam
vlel-gamovleli usaTuod gaitacebda. sul xorbleuli dagrovili
iyo awyurSi 2000 fuTamde da varxanis raionSi 800 fuTi.
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dazaralebulTaTvis pirveli daxmarebis misacemad ganaxlebul
iqna ltolvilTa damxmare komiteti, romelsac Reneralma kvinitaZem
Caabara CamorTmeuli xorbleuli, CamorTmeuli nivTebi, es komiteti
arCeulia adgilobriv sazogadoebisagan aq Sedioden, rogorc mus
limani ise qristiani qarTvelebi. es komiteti anawilebs CamorTmeul
saqonels.
saomari moqmedeba Zalian Znel pirobebSi xdeboda. Tqven kargad
iciT, ra mTiani da Tovliani adgilebia axalcixis midamoebSi. aq
Cveni mowinaaRmdege partizanul oms awarmoebda, amitom Cveni jari
zogjer autanel pirobebSi ibrZoda, da unda ganvacxado, rom Cveni
jaris da gvardiis moqmedeba pirdapir sasaxelo aris. ar yofila mag
aliTi, rom romelime jaris kaci ukan daxeuliyo an uari ganecxadebi
na raime dakisrebul movaleobaze, rac unda Zneli ar yofiliyo igi.
meoTxe polkma, romelmac pirvelad daixia, srulad gamoisyida Tav
isi danaSauloba imiT, rom masve miendo im maRlobis aReba, romelic
man dastova. mas Zalian cxare brZola mouxda da dastova am brZola
Si mokluli da daWrili 60 kacze meti, rac samxedro avtoritetebis
gancxadebiT Zalian did procents Seadgens.
Cveni iq Casvlis drois bevri respublikis moRalateni da momx
dar amboxebis meTaurni jer kidev Tavisuflad dadiodnen. samxedro
Stabs bevri sxva saqmeebi hqonda, maSin gaTavsebuli ar iyo da exlac
ar aris saubedurod gaTavebuli saomari moqmedeba da mas ar hqonda
saSualeba imaTTvis mieqcia yuradReba. da isini albaT fiqrobdnen,
rom exlac SeuZliaT Tavisuflad siaruli miuxedavad imisa, rom es
ubedureba moaxdines. magram Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, rom yvela isini
dagvetusaRebina da aq gamogvegzavna; es iyvnen isini, romelTac monaw
ileoba miiRes serveT-begis komisiariatSi.
sxvaTaSoris erTi piri Cven samsaxurSi iTvleboda maSin, rode
sac serverbeim is daniSna iusticiis ministrad, is iyo gamwesebeli
gagris momrigebel mosamarTleT. da erTi TviT iyo wamosuli axal
cixis mazraSi dasasveneblad. da ai swored man miiRo aq aseTi didi
samsaxuri. amnairad, moqalaqeno daskvna: axalcixeSi ajanyeba ar
momxdara. moZraoba daiwyo focxovis raionidan da am moZraobas xe
lmZRvanelobdnen osmaleTis faSa da zogierTi avanturistebi axal
cixis mazrisa, romelnic gatacebulni iyvnen Tavisi viwro klasiuri
instiqtebiT da interesebiT. am moZraobaSi gaeba xalxis erTi jgu
fi tomiT ara qarTveli romelsac surda sul sxva saxelmwifos far
glebSi yofna. axalcixeSi momxdari ambebi iyo gamoZaxili im istori
ul brZolisa, romelsac osmaleTi ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi
awarmoebda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg da unda vifiqroT, rom ukanask
neli gamoZaxilic. msoflio omSi osmaleTi sastikad damarcxda da
masTan erTad mebrZoli panislamizmi samudamod damarxulia, amrigad
saqarTvelo gamarjvebuli gamovida am brZolidan. Cven darwmunebu
li varT imaSi, rom axalcixeSi momxdar ambebis aseTi Cqari da aseTi
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advili likvidacia momaswavebelia imisi, rom axlo momavalSi mTeli
samahmadiano saqarTvelo SemouerTdeba saqarTvelos respublikas.
Cveni mdgomareoba axalcixis mazraSi, rom samudamod ganvamtkicoT
bevri muSaoba aris saWiro. magram exla aris saWiro komisiis azriT,
rom miRebul iqmnes Semdegi zomebi. nebas mivcem Cem Tavs wavikiTxo:
(kiTxulobs...)
I. Cvenma mTavrobam unda aRmouCinos dauyovnebliv daxmareba adg
ilovbriv dazaralebul mkvidrT gansakuTrebiT xorbliT, rogorc
gamosakvebad, ise saTesled; Tu exla mindvrebi dauTesavi darCa, didi
simSilobaa mosalodneli momaval weliwadSiac, saWiroa xazinam ufa
sod misces xe-tye dangreul saxlebis SesakeTeblad da axlebis asaSe
neblad.
II. axalcixis mazra jer kidev savsebiT damSvidebuli araa. mcx
ovreblebs ar CaubarebiaT mTeli iaraRi. arataanisa da arTvinis
mxareSi kvlav grovdeba Cveni sawinaaRmdego Zalebi. jer kidev mosa
lodnelia samxedro moqmedebis ganaxleba. aseT pirobebSi samxedro
wesebis moxsna Secdoma iqneboda. samxedro wesebi unda darCes, magram
administraciis saTanadod mowyobamdis sasurvel wesierebas ver
aRvadgenT, amitom, dauyovnebliv unda moewyos aq administracia, mx
olod im pirobiT, rom is daeqvemdebaros jarebis sardals. uamisoT
moxdeba Zalauflebis gaoreba. raica axalcixis ukanasknel amboxebis
erT erTi mizezi iyo.
III. wesierebis damyarebasTan paralelurad gatardes agraruli
reforma.
IV. am mxaresTan ganuwyveteli ekonomiuri kulturuli kavSi
ri unda gvqondes. aseT kavSiris ganmtkicebas metad Seuwyobs xels
rkinis gzis gayvana abasTumnamde. maSin Cveni kulturac swrafad
gavrceldeba. saxalxo skolebis gaxsnas aqedanve unda SevudgeT.
V. mazraSi simSvidis Seuryevlad damyarebis interesi moiTxovs,
rom dainiSnos ficxeli gamoZieba momxdar amboxebis moTaveTa aRmosa
Cenad da damnaSaveTa sastikad dasasjelad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs giorgi
gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) am moxsenebam dagvimtkica is, rac mosal
odneli iyo. bevri ram gamoirkva am moxsenebiT. moxsenebis winaaRmdeg
salaparako bevri araferi gvaqvs.
vinc ki odnav mainc Tvalyurs adevnebs Cvens cxovrebas amisTvis
aSkara iyo, rom axalcixeSi momxdari davidaraba gamowveuli iyo sam
wuxaro mizezebiT.
samwuxarod Cven varT gars Semortymuli iseTi xalxiT, romelic
saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas uyurebs im TvalsazrisiT, ra Tvalsaz
risiTac uyurebdnen saSualo saukuneSi. isini fiqroben, rom erovnul
cxovrebis safuZveli da niadagi unda iyos sarwmunoeba da sarwmunoe
bis mixedviT unda Semoitanon Cvens cxovrebaSi arev-dareva. erT dros
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CvenSic ase uyurebdnen am sakiTxs. maSin, rodesac Cvenebi ruseTisken
iyurebodnen, swored am sarwmunoebas aqcevdnen mTavar yuradRebas.
swored agre iqcevian Cveni mezoblebi. es didad samwuxaroa CvenTvis.
didad samwuxroa, rom isini jer ar arian ganviTarebis saTanado do
neze. didad samwuxaroa, rom axalcixes Tvalebi mimarTuli aqvs stam
bolisken. exla sarwmunoebas, religias, ara aqvs aseTi didi mniSvne
loba, rogorc Zvelad. saWiroa, rom Cvenma mezoblebma es Seignon.
am mxriv Cvenma sagareo saqmeTa ministrma gadadga swori nabiji,
rodesac gamoucxada TanagrZnoba CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTavrobas da
dauWira mas mxari denikinis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi amiT man daamtki
ca, rom rjuls ar aqvs CvenTvis mTavari mniSvneloba. ase ar iqceva
aderbeijani. iq fiqroben, rom axalcixeSi mahmadianebi cxovroben da
amitom osmaleTs ufleba aqvs Caerios maT cxovrebis mowyobaSi. es ase
ar unda yofiliyo. piriqiT aderbeijans, rogorc Cven denikinis wi
naaRmdeg, protesti unda ganecxadebina, rodesac osmaleTi iWrebo
da am Cvens integralur nawilSi. magram igi Cven ki ar gviWers mxars.
igi angariSs ar uwevs princips demokratizmisas, romelic aris sa
fuZveli axlandel saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebisa, aramed mxars uWers
erT-morwmuneobas. aseTi moqmedeba miuRebelia da bolos da bolos
SeiZleba man Cvensa da aderbeijans Soris didi usiamovneba gamoi
wvios. me vacxadeb, rom amis brali Cven ar dagvedeba. es iqneba ader
beijanis brali. an da rogor unda ganaxorcielos Tavis Zalaufleba
aderbeijanma mesxeTsa da javaxeTze? man unda gadalaxos an aRmosav
leTi saqarTvelo an somxeTi! me mgonia, es iseTi mosazrebaa, rom amas
unda gauwion angariSi baqoSi.
aq komisia adgens im zomebs, romelic mas saWirod miaCnia, rom ex
lave miiRos Cvenma mTavrobam. me am zomebis winaaRmdeg ara maqvs ra,
magram me mgonia, rom komisias exla unda warmoedgina Tavisi azri Ses
axeb imisa, Tu rogori unda iyos Cveni politika am kuTxis mimarT. Cven
es unda dagvefasebina. Cvenis azriT am mazras unda mieniWos avtono
mia. Cven es ukve aRuTqviT, maSasadame es principi miRebuli gvaqvs.
es imas niSnavs, rom imisTana dawesebulebani, romelTac aqvT zogad
saxelmwifo mniSvneloba es saxelmwifos mTavrobam xelidan ar unda
gauSvas. iq marTlac unda iyos Cveni warmomadgeneli, romelic dai
cavs saxelmwifos uflebas. danarCeni saqmeebi exlave unda gadavides
adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebis xelSi. rodesac TviTon adgilo
brivi xalxi Caudgeba Tavis cxovrebis mowyobas igi ukeT mouvlis Ta
vis saWiroebas, da imave dros uzrunvelyofili iqneba Cveni saxel
mwifos interesebic. ai es mxare ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli aq. amis
ganxorcielebas, amis Sesrulebas mTavroba exlave unda Seudges.
komisiis azriT saWiroa dazaralebul mcxovrebTadmi sursaTis
miwvda. es rasakvirvelia, udaoa. magram es ar aris TviT politikis gan
sazRvra. rodesac adgilobrivi xalxi Caudgeba TviT Sinaur cxovre
bis mowyobas, maSin, SeiZleba bevri iseTi sakiTxebi TviT moagvaron.
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komisias saWirod miaCnia agreTve agrarul reformis gatareba.
Cvenis azriT ukeTesi iqneba, rom am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi Cven dav
exmaroT adgilobriv elementebs. es ar iqneba ZaliT gatareba am re
formis. rodesac adgilobrivi mcxovrebi demokratiulad mowyobil
TviTmmarTvelobebs mxars dauWeren am reformis gatarebaSi, maSin es
reforma ufro ukeTesad gatardeba. ai es mindoda meTqva im moxsen
ebis gamo, romelic aq gaakeTa sagangebo komisiam.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis niko eliavas.
niko eliava. (s. d.) upirveles yovlisa, me minda siamovnebiT
aRvniSno nayofieri muSaoba Cveni damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli komi
siisa, romelsac davalebuli hqonda am rTuli saqmis adgilobriv ga
morkveva.
TviT komisiis Semadgenloba da misi am uzenaesi dawesebulebidan
gamoyofa imedsa da safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom mis mier warmod
genili masala aravisTvis sadavo ar iqneba, da Tu am masalas davak
virdebiT, davinaxavT, rom is xmebi, is miTqma-moTqma, romelic komi
siis saxeliT momxsenebelma aRniSna Tavis sityvis dasawyisSi, ar iyo
marTali imdenad, ramdenad mTeli simZime aq momxdar ambebisa undoda
gadaetanaT Cven administraciis da mTavrobis Tavze da pasuxismge
blobac mTlianaT amaTTvis daekisrebinaT.
komisiis moxsenebidan gamoirkva, rom am ambebis mizezebi umTavre
saT iseTia, romlis acileba Cven mTavrobas da miT umetes adgilobriv
administracias ar SeeZloT. aq mogaxsenaT is mizezebi, romelic amoZ
ravebda, da amoqmedebda am saqmis momwyobT. aq aris panislamisturi
moZraoba, aq aris aderbeijanidan Semoseuli agentebis moqmedeba, aq
aris moqmedeba somxis eris zogierT elementebisa, da aris agreTve
ruseTis darCenil Cinovnikebis TanamSromloba. TviT am saqmis su
lis CamdgmelTa Semadgenloba, romelic aq dagvisuraTxata komisiam
Tavis moxsenebaSi, gvarwmunebs, rom aq SeerTebulia yvela is Zalebi,
romelnic Cveni mTavrobis yovel nabijs ebrZvian, ebrZvian Cvens res
publikas, Cven damoukideblobas. ai es pirobebi aris iseTi, romelTa
gaTvaliswineba saWiro iyos. magram igini, rogorc CvenTvis, ise Cveni
mTavrobisaTvis, Cveni demokratiisaTvis, dRevandel dRes SeiZle
ba vsTqvaT, gareSe Zalis moqmedebisagan arian warmoSobilni, da ara
Sinaur politikis da Sinauri weswyobilebis gamo. aqedan is daskvna
unda gamovitanoT, rom am pirobebiT an saWiroa SebrZoleba, maT unda
SeebrZolos Cveni mTavroba da Cveni demokratia, da uzenaesi warmo
madgeneli am demokratiisa _ damfuZnebeli kreba, SeebrZolos Tavisi
Sinauri da sagareo politikiT.
sagareo politikis Sesaxeb me mgonia aravisTvis saeWvo ar
aris, rom Cveni demokratiis xazi erTad erTia. Cven gvinda Cven me
zoblebTan keTili ganwyobileba. Cven aravis ar vedavebiT, aravisT
vis arafris warTmeva _ ar gvinda, magram ar mivcemT nebas vismes,
rom Cven sazRvrebSi SemoiWrnen da wagvarTvan rame. Tu rame sadao
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aris, Tu romelime saxelmwifo, romelime mosazRvre respublika
fiqrobs, fiqrobs, rom misi sadao rame Semogvaqs Cven sazRvrebSi, am
sadao kiTxvis gadaWra unda moxdes im gziT, romelic Cven demokra
tias ara erTxel uCvenebia: es aris SeTanxmeba, molaparakebad arbi
traJi, magram Cveni demokratiisTvis yovlad miuRebelia mxolod am
gzas mimarTos da ar miiRos zomebi im upasuxismgeblo elementebis
winaaRmdeg, romelnic Cveni mezoblebis sazRvrebidan gamodian,
rogorc am SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda axalcixes mazraSi. maSasadame aq
SemoWrilia gareSe Zala da Cven gvaqs erTi pasuxi. Cveni xazi sagareo
politikisa aris aseTi: Cven SegviZlian yvelasTan SeTanxmeba am gziT,
xolo vinc am gzas gadauxvevs da ecdeba an Sig moaxdinos ajanyeba,
an garedan dagvecema Tavs, Cveni demokratia pasuxs gascems imisTa
nave saSualebiT, rogoric saWiroa aseT SemTxvevaSi, da garemoeba
Si: Zalas-Zalas daupirdapirebT, radganac demokratia sruliad ar
aris valdebuli gul-xel dakrefili uyuros Tu vin ra usamarTlo
bas sCadis da eWreba mis Sinaur saqmeebSi.
asaxelebden am miTqma-moTqmaSi garda xsenebulisa sxva mizezeb
sac, romelsac ufro Sinauri xasiaTi hqonda. maT Soris laparaki iyo
imaze, rom es ubeduri SemTxveva gamowveuli aris agrarul reformis
ganxorcielebis surviliT da amas did yuradRebas aqcevdnen zogi
erTi Cveni wreebi, zogierTi elementeb. komisiam ki sakmaod naTelyo,
rom am kuTxis dasamSvideblad, misi sabolooT da mWidroT Semosaka
vSireblad aucileblad saWiro aris iq reformebis gatareba da im
demokratizmis damyareba, romelic Cven ukve gatarebuli gvaqs Cve
ni respublikis sxva nawilebSi. am mxriv, me mgonia komisia marTlac
samarTlian daskvnas iZleva Tavis moxsenebis dasasrulSi, saca am
bobs rom wesierebis damyarebis dros ar unda gagvitacos Zvelad
cnobilma principma, romelic ambobs „jer damSvideba, dawynareba
da mere reformebis gatarebao“. samarTlianad ambobs komisia, da me
mgonia, mTeli damfuZnebeli krebac gaiziarebs im azrs, rom saxel
mwifoSi simSvidis dasamyareblad, saWiro aris wesierebis aRdge
na. amisTvis ki aucileblad saWiro aris mtkice nabijebis gadadgma,
saWiro aris saTanado administraciis mowyoba, iseT administracii
sa, romelic yovel mxriv sando iqneba mTavrobisTvis, sando iqne
ba Cveni demokratiisTvis da Sesaferi adgilobriv pirobebisTvis.
es saqme, rasakvirvelia Cvenma mTavrobam unda moawyos, magram amave
dros es mTavroba valdebulia, Cven saerTo xazis Tanaxmad ganaxor
cielos is reformebi, romelic wamoyenebulia dRiur wesrigSi, da
romelic ukve gatarebulia, an tardeba Cveni respublikis sxva naw
ilebSi. es aris, sxvaTaSoris, agrarul reformis gatareba da ai amas
unda daukvirdeT. komisiis moxsenebidan sCans, rom axalcixis mazra
Si TviT xalxi, TviT demokratia, ramdenadac is monawileobas iRebda
Cven winaaRmdeg moqmedebaSi, umTavresad CaTreuli iyo sxva da sxva
agentebis wyalobiT, CaTreuli iyo pirdapir Zal-datanebiT, da Tu es
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asea, SegviZlian erTi daskvna gamovitanoT: demokratiis, demokrati
ul respublikis winaaRmdeg axalcixis mazra, ar iyo da verc iqneboda
amitom Cvenc adgilobriv demokratias unda daveyrdnoT, sruliad
zurgi vaqcioT im elementebs, romelnic dinteresebulni arian, rom
demokratiam fexi ar moikidos iq da isini darCnen isev iseT baton-pa
tronebaT, rogorc aqamdisin iyven. amitom unda uarvyoT is elemen
tebi, romelnic gamodian meamboxeebaT da SeiaraRebul moqmedebis
meTaurebaT; am elementebis yurisgdeba, Cven mTavrobas ar Seferis
da man mTeli Tavisi politika unda daamyaros iqaur demokratiaze,
xalxze; demokratias ki, umTavresad glexoba Seadgens. rasakvirve
lia glexobis umTavresi interesi miwis sakiTxia, miwis reforma da
unda vifiqroT, rom Cveni agraruli reforma iseve misaRebi iqneba da
sasargeblo iqaur glexebisTvis. rogorc es Cveni respublikis aris
danarCeni glexobisTvis ai swored am glexobam unda dainaxos Cveni
mTavrobis mier am mxriv gadadgmuli nabijebi.
saxalxo ganaTlebasac unda mieqces jerovani yuradReba da ga
nidevnos is sibnele, romelic yvelgan da yovelTvis aris udidesi
mteri demokratiisa da demokratiuli wyobilebisa.
Cveni mezoblebis politikis Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi sakmarisad iyo
naTqvami da me SemiZlian gamovTqva aq mxolod erTi imedi: im faqtebis
mixedviT, romlebsac am ukanasknel dros aqvs adgili, mosalodneli
aris, rom sxvaTaSoris aderbeijanis politika Seicvleba da es Cve
ni mezobeli respublika daadgeba im SeTanxmebis gzas, romelsac, up
irveles yovlisa, miyveboda Cveni demokratia, Cveni respublika. Cven
viciT, rom moaxlovebuli aris, momenti amierkavkasiis respublikebis
warmomadgenlebis Sexvedrisa da molaparakebisa sadavo sakiTxebze.
SesaZlebeli da mosalodneli aris, rom am SeTanxmebis gzas dadge
bian isinic, da maSin is upasuxismgeblo garedan Semosuli, elemen
tebic, romelnic dRemdin Cven winaaRmdeg moqmedebden, SeCerdebian
da uaryofen Tavis aseT intriganul da miuRebel gzas.
sazogadoT, unda mogaxsenoT rom Cven umTavres debulebebSi vRe
bulobT komisiis moxsenebas, arsebiTad vizirebT mis winadadebas.
aucileblad angariSgasawevi aris is garemoeba, rom am amboxebaSi,
am gamosvlaSi mTeli iqauri binadari xalxi damnaSave ar iyo, es ga
morkveulia, da maSasadame arc SeiZleba rom romelime mTavrobam,
romelime saxelmwifom sasjeli miayenos TviT adgilobriv mcxovre
blebs. es miT umetes, rom gamorkveuli aris sxva d asxva Semamsubuqe
beli garemoebani.
daxmareba materialuri, daxmareba iseTi, romelic maT saSuale
bas miscems, Tavis sakuTar fexze dadgnen am ubedur SemTxvevis Semdeg,
adgilobriv mcxovreblebisTvis saWiro aris. da ramdenadac Cven vic
iT, am mxriv nabiji ukve gadadgmulia, da me mgonia, mTavrobis wevre
bi valdebulad CasTvlian Tavis Tavs moaxsenon damfuZnebel krebas
Tu ra aris gakeTebuli. Cven ki, rasakvirvelia, zneobriv movaleobad
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migvaCnia daxmareba pirvel rigSi iyos dasmuli, rogorc sursaTiT,
ise xe-tyiT saxlebis aRsadgenaT. am mxriv daxmareba unda aRmouCinon
rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT.
Cven viziarebT im azrs, rom jer-jerobiT, rogorc TviT komisiis
angariSidanac sCans, adgilobriv ar aris damyarebuli iseTi pirobe
bi, rom samxedro wesebis moxsna SeiZlebodes. samxedro wesebs, Tqvenc
iciT, SemoiReben, iq, sadac ar aris normaluri cxovreba, sadac mosal
odnelia wesierebis da saxelmwifos interesebis darRveva da amitom,
radganac Cven, jer-jerobiT ar SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom am mxareSi,
mSvidobianobaa damyarebuli, miuxedavaT imisa rom samxedro moqmede
ba TiTqmis dasrulebuli aris, _ jaris moxsnac SeuZlebelia, es imas
niSnavs, da ase unda gaigos yvelam: raki SesaZlebeli aris iseTi ubed
urebis ganmeoreba, rogoric ukve moxda, Cvenc ar SegviZlian Sevasus
toT saxelmwifo aparatis zedgavlena im kuTxeebSi, Cven ar SegviZlian
movxsnaT iq samxedro wesebi. es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni demokratia, sa
dac saWiro aris, iq aucileblad mimarTavs sastik zomebs, radganac
mas ar SeuZlian misces vismes neba demokratiul wesebis darRvevisa.
amitom is sastiki zomebi, romelnic gamomdinareoben am samxedro we
sebidan, _ datovebuli unda iyos im saxiT, romelsac moiTxovs saxel
mwifoebrivi interesi. magram marto amiT ar SegviZlian davkmayo
fildeT da, aqac veTanxmebiT komisiis daskvnas, rom marto samxedro
Zalaze ar SeiZleba iyos aSenebuli adgilobrivi aparatis moqmedeba.
aucileblad saWiro aris, rom Cveni mTavroba am TaviTve Seudges iq
adgilobrivi normaluri administratiuli aparatis mowyobas, ro
melic, imdenad, ramdenadac samxedro moqmedeba SeCerdeba, Seudge
ba adgilobrivi saqmeebis mowesrigebas da aRmSeneblobiT muSaobas
daiwyebs. am mxriv komisiis moTxovnileba, rom administracia exlave
moewyos, sruliad kanonieria. da me vfiqrob rom mTeli damfuZne
beli kreba gaiziarebs komisiis im Sexedulobas. mxolod aq ibade
ba erTi sakiTxi, romelSiac Cven ver veTanxmebiT komisiis daskvnas.
komisia fiqrobs rom administratiuli aparatis amuSavebisTvis da
mis saxelmZRvanelod saWiro aris, rom misi moqmedeba, misi moRvaweo
ba adgilobriv savsebiT daeqvemdebaros samxedro uwyebas, samxedro
uwyebis warmomadgenlebs. Cven am Sexedulobas ar viziarebT Tumca
vambob, rom aucileblad saWirod migvaCnia samxedro Zala da misi
fizikuri Zalis avtoriteti. magram masTan aucileblad migvaCnia
normaluri administratiuli aparatis amoqmedeba da amuSaveba. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom samxedro Zala, da samxedro uwyebis warmomadgenloba,
aseTi saqmisTvis, rogoric aris administratiul aparatis mowyoba ar
aris momzadebuli imdenad, ramdenadac es saWiro aris am saqmis mowyo
bisTvis. amitom Cven vfiqrobT, rom am aparatis mowyobis saqme unda
ikisros TviT centralurma mTavrobam Tavis adgilobriv agentebis,
Tavis adgilobriv TanamSromlebis saSualebiT. Cven vfiqrobT, rom
administraciaze gavlena samxedro uwyebisa unda ganisazRvrebodes
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mxolod samxedro moqmedebis interesebiT da samxedro moqmedebis
dasawyisiT. gareSe amisa samxedro uwyeba administraciis saqmeSi ar
unda Caerios, miT umetes imisTana raionebSi, sadac sruli simSvide
iyo. axalcixis mazra imdenad didi raionia, rom maszed savsebiT samx
edro uwyebis gavlenis da Zala uflebis gavrceleba ar aris saWiro.
amas ar moiTxovs adgilobrivi pirobebic, magram radganac SesaZlebe
lia, zogierT SemTxvevebSi moxdes gaugebroba, im gaugebrobis asac
ileblad da uwyebaTa warmomadgenlebis moqmedebaTa SesaTanxmeblaT,
saWiroT migvaCnia gansakuTrebuli uflebiT aRWurvili piris dan
iSvna. es piri Tavisi avtoritetiT SesZlebs mospos es gaugebroba.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tavis Tavad, aseTi mTavrobis warmomadgenelni
samxedro Zalis gamge da administratiuli aparatisa, yovelwuTs ec
debian TanxmobiT imoqmedon, magram TviT buneba am ori saqmisa Sesa
Zleblad xdis zogierT uTanxmoebas da maT asacileblaT saWiro iqne
ba es mTavrobis gansakuTrebuli ndobiT aRWurvili piri. mxolod is
SesZlebs im SeTanxmebis, im kontaktis Setanas, romelic saWiro aris.
TavisTavad ki vambob, rom administraciis mosawyobad saWiroa admin
istratiuli praqtikis, administraciis mcodne kaci. amitom, mizan
SewonilaT migvaCnia, rom es komisiis winadadeba iqnes Sesworebuli
ai am rigaT, rogorc me mogaxsenebT. sadac samxedro moqmedeba aris,
iq, rasakvirvelia, yvela eqvemdebareba samxedro uwyebis sardals, ma
gram saca ar aris samxedro moqmedeba, iq administracia muSaobs am
gansakuTrebuli uflebiT aRWurvili piris xelmZRvanelobiT. es aris
umTavresi Sesworeba, romelic saWirod migvaCnia SevitanoT komisiis
debulebaSi. danarCeni debuleba ar iwvevs CvenSi davas. mxolod unda
mogaxsenoT, rom zogierTi adgilebi Cven metad migvaCnia. ai aq meoTxe
punqtSi debulebisa, romelic warmoadgina momxsenebelma, naTqvami
aris sxvaTa Soris, rom saWiro aris ekonomiuri da kulturuli kav
Sirio. rasakvirvelia, saWiro aris, magram amaze laparaki meti aris.
uxerxulad migvaCnia, agreTve dRes damfuZnebel krebam ilaparakos
gzebis Sesaxeb, romelzedac komisia migviTiTebs. abasTumanSi rki
nis gza, rasakvirvelia, gasayvania, rkinis gza ufro mWidroT daakav
Sirebs kulturul centrs ganapira kuTxeebTan, magram es ar gvidgas
dRes dRiur wes-rigSi, ar gamomdinareobs komisiis moxsenebidan. ami
tom zedmetad migvaCnia amaze laparaki.
rac Seexeba danarCen debulebebs, Cven maT vinawilebT da vizirebT.
aucileblaT saWiroa, rom aseTi saqmeebi ar gameordes Cveni respub
likis sxva da sxva kuTxeebSi da Tu ganmeorda yvelam unda icodes, rom
saxelmwifo mTeli Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi aparatis simZimiT Tavs
daesxmeba borotmomqmed pirT, romelnic aseT ubedurebaSi agdeben
demokratias da saxelmwifos da mTeli ubedurebis simZimes atexen
Tavs im binadar mcxovreblebs, romelnic maTi provokaciis wyalobiT
aseT mdgomareobaSi arian Cayenebulni. saxelmwifom unda gamoiCinos
mTeli Tavisi sisastike, rom aseT gamosvlebs ar hqondes adgili. Cven
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vinawilebT am debulebas da vfiqrob rom mTavrobisaTvis savaldeb
uloa moaxdinos am saqmis sastiki gamoZieba, xolo misi warmoeba mien
dos administracias, sasamarTlos. imedi gvaqs, isini gansakuTrebuli
sisastikiT dasjian danaSaveT. ai aseTi gaxlavT is mosazrebebi, rome
lic me mindoda TqvenTvis warmomadgina im moxsenebis Sesaxeb romelic
movismineT Cven. komisia arafers ambobs Soreuli momavalis program
is Sesaxeb. arc Cven migvaCnia saWirod, amaze laparaki, radganac Cven
win sdgas gansazRruli SemTxveva da gansazRruli SemTxvevisaTvis
iyo saWiro saCqaro zomebis Cveneba. es didi davaleba da daniSnuleba
komisiam savsebiT Seasrula da mis mier naCvenebi, gza garda imisa, ro
melzedac ukve mogaxseneT, sruliad sakmaris aris, miznis misaRwevaT.
amitom ar gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni yuradReba sxva rameze. TviTmarT
veloba, rasakvirvelia SemoRebuli unda iyos demokratiul respub
likaSi, saca adgilobrivi pirobebi ar uSlis xels. rasakvirvelia igi
aqac iqneba SemoRebuli. da igi Tavis mxriv miiRebs yovelgvar zomebs
wesierebis damyarebisa da im reformebis gatarebisaTvis, romelic
saWiro aris. Cven ar gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni yuradReba im mxareze,
romelsac Seexo batoni gvazava. es Tavis Tavad loRikurad gamom
dinareobs mTeli Cveni politikidan, da mTeli Cveni moRvaweobidan.
Cven ar gvinda SevqmnaT sadme raime kalonia, aramed gvinda, rom yvela
kuTxeebi organiulad iyvnen dakavSirebulni, da es organiuli dakav
Sirebuli moiTxovs, rom masze gavrcelebuli iyos yvela is demokra
tiuli reformebi, romelic Cven gvaqvs. Tu gansakuTebuli pirobebi
moiTxoven sxva gvarad adgilobriv marTva gamgeobas, rasakvirvelia
amis winaSe Cven ar SevCerdebiT. da am mxriv adgilobrivi mkvidrni
darwmundebian, rom isini namdvili Svilebia Cveni respublikisa, mi
uxedavaT sarwmunoebisa, da erovnobisa, da am mxriv momxdar ubedur
SemTxvevebs, rasakvirvelia, araviTari gavlena ar unda qondes maTs
bedze da maT mdgomareobaze.
osman-Savyi-efendi-miqelaZe. (s. d.) batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno!
Tqven xarT sruli baton-patroni qarTveli xalxisa.
istoriam Tqven gakuTvnaT winamZRoloba daCagrul qarTvel er
isa, romelsac saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi Tavs exvia uricxvi mteri: _
samxreTidan-osmaleTis faSebi, da CrdiloeTidan ruseTis reaqcia,
romelic uxuTavda xalxs suls. dRes Tavisufali saqarTvelo ebrZvis
Cvens winaaRmdeg Semoseuls mtrebs, magram is mainc SedarebiT yvela
mezobel qveynebTan Tavisufalia da keTil mowyobili.
sixaruli marTebs qarTvel xalxs!
zeimi marTebs saqristiano saqarTvelos, rom is Tavis Tavis pa
tronia, rom man moiZro monobis uReli da daumtkica mTel qveyanas,
rom qarTveli xalxi ubrZolvelad aravis dauTmobs samSoblos!
sul sxva pirobebSi varT Cven, musulmani qarTvelebi. Cven mow
yvetili varT Tqvengan, _ Cven ufros Zmebisgan. Cven vizrdebodiT
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dedinacvlis xelSi, da CaquCiT gvcemdnen TavSi, rogorc osmaleTis
faSebi, ise ruseTis Renerlebi.
dRes saqarTvelosTan erTad samuslimano saqarTvelos erTi nawi
li, _ Zveli mesxeTi SemoerTebulia. es kuTxe, romlis warmomadgeneli
me gaxlavarT, mudam iyo saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawili. igi dasax
lebuli iyo qarTvel muslimanebiT, magram dRes osmaleTis faSebi
cdiloben axalcixis mazridan Cven mowyvetas. es imis niSania, rom
saqarTvelos istoriul mtrebs ar sZinavT da Cven amitom frTxilad
unda viyveT.
me davalebuli maqvs ganvacxado, rom mesxeTis mSromel xalxs
xeli ara aqvs gasvrili sisxlSi, romelic daRvara focxovSi osmale
Tis daxmarebiT SemoWrilma da Semosulma moRalatis jarma. dRes ax
alcixe saqarTvelos udavo nawili aris, mara qarTveli muslimanTa
xalxi gansakuTrebul pirobebSia;
Cveni zne-Cveuleba, sarwmunoeba, kulturuli gansxvaveba moiTx
ovs moiwyos samuslimano saqarTveloSi marTva-gamgeoba, ise, ro
gorc amas moiTxovs adgilobrivi pirobebi. Cven mogvca mTavrobam
avtonomia, exla saqme mis mowyobaSia, amiT moispoba aTabegovis da
qoblianskis pravokacia, romelsac avrcelebdnen xalxSi Cveni mtrebi.
Tqven iciT, batonebo, rom focxovidan axalcixeSi moRalate
aTabegovma didi tanjva miayena xalxs, bevri dazaralda, da bevrs Ca
moarTva didi kuxara, xalxi dazaralda. yvela aman Wkua unda gvas
wavlos. dRes sazRvrebi unda kargaT ganvamtkicoT rom mtrebma omis
cecxlSi ar CagvaxrCos.
mSromeli xalxi darwmunebulia, rom dazianebul xalxs mTavroba
daxmarebas gauwevs.
axalcixis mazris provokaciis gavlenam cudi miTqma-moTqma ga
moiwvia aWaraSi. aman gvaiZula wavsuliyaviT gaugebrobis gasafa
ntad. exla zemo aWaridan movdivar da sasixaruloT getyviT Tqven,
rom aWara iziarebs osmaleTis agentebis azrs (taSi). mTel xalxs
surs, rom saqarTvelosTan erTad xeli xels Cakidebuli iaros, da mo
mavalSi ar moswydes Tavis samSoblos.
Tqven iciT, batonebo, rom samuslimano saqarTvelos ganTavisu
flebis saqmes bevri xelSemSleli hyavs. artaani, yarsi, denikini, yve
las cdiloben rom baTumi da axalcixe Cven Camogvwyviton. TviT xalxi
axalcixisa da aWarisa ki ambobs, rom is saqarTvelos ver daSordeba,
da Tu dRes, an xval mainc SesZlebs saqarTvelosTan SeerTebas, is mza
daa ginda misTvis sisxli daRvaros iaraRiT xelSi.
me davaleba maqvs giZRvnaT am xalxis selami da dRegrZeloba! (taSi).
gaumarjos saqarTvelos! (taSi).
gaumarjos saqarTvelos respublikas!
cota bodiSs vixdi misTvis, rom qarTveli muslimani var da ar
vici wminda qarTuli, rom mogaxsenoT, rac namdvilaT gulSi maqvs,
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magram me maqvs didi imedi, da darwmunebuli, var rom CemisTana bnel
adamians saqarTvelos respublika da mTavroba gaanaTlebs da Seiz
rdis, rogorc mkvidr Svils.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels.
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es kanon-proekti iqneba warmodgenili pirvel SemTxvevisamebr.
(taSi).
Tavmjdomare. msurveli aRaravin ari. am rigad kamaTi Sewyvetil
ia. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
giorgi anjafariZe (s. d.) me didxans ar SevaCereb Tqven yuradRe
bas. Cem moxsenebaSi me ganvacxade, rom saWiroa didi muSaoba da sxva
da sxva zomebis miReba. magram dRes dReobiT im pirobebSi, romelic
exla aris Seqmnili, saWiroa miReba im zomebisa, romelic iyo Cem mier
CamoTvlili. rac Seexeba im zomebs, romelzedac laparakobda b. gva
zava, es Cem mier ar iyo dasaxelebuli mxolod imitom, rom es Zalian
didi sakiTxia, mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da didi Seswavla
sWiria, da am sakiTxis marto ubralo deklaraciis gadawyveta saWiro
ar aris, miT umetes, rom mTavrobam ukve aseTi deklaracia gaakeTa.
rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb raime dadgenilebas
gamoitans, man es dadgenileba unda Camoasxas ukve SemuSavebul kano
nis gansazRvrul formebSi. komisias amis Sesaxeb araferi ar uTqvams
es imas ki ar niSnavs rom komisia winamRdegia am zomisa; amis winaaRm
deg komisia ar iqneboda da arc iqneba.
miwis sakiTxi ki sul sxva sakiTxia, marTlac adgilobriv Cven
davrwmundiT, rom miwis sakiTxi dResve unda iyos gadawyvetili, im
itom rom, miwis sakiTxis gatarebiT, erTis mxriv niadagi eSleba Cven
mowinaaRmdegeebs, romelTa umetesoba umTavresad memamuleebisagan
Sedgeba da meores mxriv es reforma xalxs miizidavs da daubrunebs
Tavis keras. rodesac xalxi dainaxavs, rom ar yofila sicrue saqarT
velos mTavrobis dapireba, aramed dResve xorcieldeba is, miuxeda
vad im pirobebisa, romelic aq aris Seqmnili, _ xalxi usaTuod dab
rundeba. da imitom komisias adgilobriv glexebis warmomadgenelni
upirvelesyovlisa sTxovdnen: „Tqven miaqcieT yuradReba imas, rac
moxda axalcixeSi, da Tqveni dapireba ukan ar waiRoT, aasruleT,
miwa mieciT xalxs“-o. amitom, komisiam saWirod dainaxa, sxva saSuro
zomebTan erTad es zomac friad saCqarod iqnes miRebuli.
rac Seexeba social-demokratiul fraqciis Sesworebas, Sesaxeb
administraciis mowyobisa, saubedurod, komisiis saxeliT, ar Sem
iZlian es Seworeba miviRo. rasakvirvelia administraciis mowyoba
saukeTesod mTavrobas centridan SeuZlian, amisTvis centridan gaig
zavneba gamocdili piri, magram Tu ki adgilobrivad es piri samxedro
uwyebas ar daemorCileba, komisias Zalian eSinian, rom ar moxdes Zala
uflebis gaoreba. sagangebo rwmunebuli, romelzedac aq iyo lapara
ki, me mgoni rom saqmes sruliad ar Sehcvlis. asec rom ar iyos, erTi
garemoeba aris misaRebi. Cven gvaqs saqme ubralo jer kidev Seugnebel
xalxTan. ra STabeWdilebas iqoniebs am xalxze, rom ramodenime pirs
aqvs es Zala-ufleba? is usaTuod darwmundeba imaSi, rasac mudam eub
nebian Cveni mowinaaRmdegeni, _ saqarTvelom bevri ver mogiaraT, im
itom rom, TiTon ara aqvs mowyobili Tavisi saqme, igi xan erT kacs
182
aZlevs Zala-uflebas, xan meores, romelnic erTmaneTSi ver SeTanxme
bulan da isini Tqven ver mogivliT, ver mogiwyobT saqmeso, amitom me
vambob, aq Zala-uflebis gaoreba Zalian cud gavlenas iqoniebs da Sei
Zleba man Seaferxos normalur kalapotSi cxovrebis Cayeneba. is mo
sazreba, rom administracia iq unda daemorCilos sardals saca samx
edro moqmedeba swarmoebs da sadac simSvide aris, es saWiro araao, _
me mgoni aq mosatani ar aris. im pirobebSi, romlebSiac exla axalcix
is mazra imyofeba, Cven ar SegviZlian gavarkvioT sad aris samxedro
moqmedeba da sad ar aris.
Cven viciT kargad, rom maSin rodesac Cveni jarebi focxovis
raionSi ibrZodnen, im dros zurgSi maT ajanyeba mouwyves. amitom
windawin laparaki da gaTvaliswineba, sad iqneba saomari moqmedeba
da sad ara, ar SeiZleba, miT umetes, rom adgilobriv jer kidev darCa
osmaleTis agentebi da emisrebi.
ibadeba sakiTxi, Tu ki administracia daqvemdebarebuli eyoleba
jarebis sardals, SegviZlian Tu ara Cven reformebs gatareba, raica
aucilebeli saWiro aris. komisia im azrisaa, rom damSvidebasTan da
wesierebis damyarebasTan erTad unda moxdes usaTuod paralelurad
reformebis gatarebac. me mgoni rom es SeiZleba. marTalia, sadac gan
sakuTrebuli wesebi aris SemoRebuli iq SeCerebulia erTgvarad pi
radi Tavisuflebani. magram Cven praqtika gvaqs, praqtika sxva ganapi
ra olqebisa, magaliTad soWisa da soxumis olqebisa, sadac samxedro
wesebi iyo SemoRebuli, da Cven Zalian energiulad vatarebdiT sxva da
sxva politikur da socialur reformebs, da iq Tavis dReSi sardlebs
ar dauSliaT Cveni aseT moqmedebisTvis. da me mgoni, rom ar gveqneba
sabuTi imisa, rom aq Cven vinmem dagviSalos. amitom komisias hgonia,
rom bevrad ukeTesi da mizan Sewonili iqneba Tu ki administracias
centridan mTavroba moawyobs, magram es administracia daemorCile
ba sardals, radganac winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, kidevac rom ar moxdes
Zala-uflebis gaoreba, mainc adgilobriv xalxis fsixologiaSi amas
eqneba cudi gavlena da es Zalian did zians moutans saqmes.
Tavmjdomare. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb aris ori rezoliucia. erTi
komisiis mier warmodgenili, meore Semotanili social-demokratiis
fraqciis mier. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs: pirvelad sagangebo komisiis da Semdeg s. d.
fraq. rezoliucias).
183
formebis cxovrebaSi gatareba. amisTvis damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs
mTavrobas:
1. miiRos zomebi administraciis mosawyobad, raTa SesaZlebel
gaxdes demokratiul reformebis pirvel rigSi da miwis reformis
cxovrebaSi gatareba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul mcxovrebT dax
mareba sursaTis da xetyis masalebis miwodebiT.
2. droebiT, sanam gareSe safrTxe iqneba mosalodneli dasto
vos am mxareSi samxedro wesebi da momqmed samxedro da samoqalaqo
Zalebis SesaTanxmeblad daniSnos Tavisi sagangebo rwmunebuli.
Tavmjdomare. aq sxva rezoliucia ar maqvs. exla Seudgebi kenWis
yras. surs vismes sityva Tu ara? msurveli aravin aris. me kenWs uyri.
SeiZleba isurvoT da gahyoT muxlobriv rezoliucia? Cemis azriT,
am orive rezoliuciaSi aris iseTi ram, romelic saerToa. gsurT Tu
ara? msurveli aravin aris. saWiro aris Tu ara, erTxel kidev mogax
senoT komisiis winadadeba?
giorgi anjafariZe (adgilidan). erT Sesworebas vRebulob.
Tavmjdomare. ris Sesaxeb gnebavT sityva?
anjafariZe (adgilidan) Sesworebis Sesaxeb, romelic aris Semot
anili social-demokratiul fraqciis mier.
Tavmjdomare. me bodiSs vixdi, magram Tqven ukanasknel sityviT
isargebleT da amis Sesaxeb araferi brZaneT. gTxovT dabrZandeT.
niniZe. (adgilidan) neba miboZeT reglamentis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare. romeli reglamentisa?
kirile niniZe (s. d.) romelic droebiT iyo miRebuli. reglamenti
darRveuli gaxlavT!
Tavmjdomare. inebeT!
kirile niniZe (s. d.) Cven vfiqrobT, rom am rezoliuciaSi, rome
lic komisiam warmoadgina, bevri muxli ar aris sadavo, magram aris
iseTi wvrilmanebi, romlebsac Cveni fiqriT adgili ar unda hqondes
rezoliuciaSi, da amitom warmovadgineT Cven calke rezoliucia. me
mgoni, kenWi unda uyaroT rezoliuciebs, rogorc erTs ise meores.
cal calke muxlebis kenWis yraSi Cven bevr punqtebis Sesaxeb, Tavs Se
vikavebT, ratom, miuxedavad imisa, rom es misaRebia, ar migvaCnia saW
irod, rom es iyos dawvrilebiT aRniSnuli rezoliuciaSi. amitom
me mgonia, am saxiT unda hqondes adgili kenWis yras, rogorc es aris
warmodgenili. jer erTi rezoliucia aris warmodgenili mere meore.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, magram unda ganvacxado, rom es regla
mentis darRvevis Sesaxeb sityva ar gaxlavT.
me rom es mcodnoda krebis wevrs niniZes sityvas ar mivcemdi.
SemdegisTvis umorCilesad vTxov orators imaze ilaparakos,
razedac moiTxovs sityvas.
me mxolod mogaxseneT, gnebavT mTlianad uyaro kenWi, rezoliuc
iebs, Tu calk-calke muxlebs meTqi. pasuxad ar miviRe arc ho da arc
ara. sanam reglamentis darRvevis Sesaxeb amas brZanebda romelime
184
wevri, unda moecada, rogor moviqceodiT. me rasakvirvelia aseTi
ganzraxva mqonda. exla kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre komisiis mier war
modgenil rezoliuciisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
vin aris momxre social-demokratiis fraqciis mier warmodge
nil rezoliuciisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi. maSa
sadame Tavi Seikava 7. miRebulia social-demokratiul fraqciis
rezoliucia.
Semdegi sakiTxi damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis Sesaxeb. sityva
ekuTvnis momxsenebels baraTaSvils.
185
iese baraTaSvili. kiTxulobs reglamentis 1-12 muxls.
kenWis yriT miRebulia. (xma: _ ukve sami saaTia!)
Tavmjdomare. dadgenilebis ZaliT damfuZnebel krebis. sxdoma
wydeba sam saaTze. gsurT Tu ara ganvagrZnoT kreba? vin aris winaaRm
degi? maSasadame, kreba gadaideba.
winadadeba gaxlavT kreba dainiSnos rva aprils Tormet saaTze.
krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTze da 2 wuTze.
186
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
merve sxdoma
187
4. Sromis ministris kanonproeqti. saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis
mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis micemisa.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.
dRiuri wesrigi.
188
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa gasamrjelo (yofili parlamentis
147 wevrs ori Tvisa da 12 dRisa Tviurad 900 man. angariSiT _ 313.110
man. damfuZnebeli krebis 130 wevrs cxra Tvisa da 19 dRisa _ Tviurad
1500 man. angariSiT 1 878500 m.) 1919 w. ianvris 1-dan wlis damlevamde
_ 2.191.610 man.
damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles sawarmomadgenlo
xarjisaTvis _ 15.000 man.
damfuZnebel krebis kancelariis mosamsaxureTa jamagirisTvis _
465.600 man.
sakancelario, safosto-satelegrafo da sxva sameurneo xarji
saTvis _ 100.000 man.
kancelariis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT mowveuli momuSaveTa
sasyidlisaTvis _ 10.000 man.
sxva da sxva moulodnel SemTxvevis gamo mosamsaxureTa daxmarebi
saTvis _ 15. 000 man.
biblioTekis Sevsebisa da sxva xarjisaTvis _ 200.000 man.
sastambo xarjebisaTvis _ 100. 000 man.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa sagzao da dRiuri xarjisaTvis _
100.000 man.
komisiebSi mowveul mcodne pirTa gasamrjelosTvis 20.000 m.
gauqmebul Tanamdebobis pirTa dakmayofilebisaTvis 1919 w. ian
vrisa, Tebervlisa da martis jamagiriT _ 6.300 man.
jami _ 3.223.510 man.
Tavmjdomare. daasruleT?
olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. es gaxlavT xarjT-aRricxva. aris
kidev kanon-proekti. wavikiTxo?
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT!
olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs) saboloo teqsti dam
fuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvis kanonisa. aq Setanili
gaxlavT Semdegi cvlilebani. damfuZnebel krebam miiRo aseTi sa
TauriT:
kanonproeqti
kanoni.
189
Semdeg meore muxli. uwindeli redaqcia aseTi gaxldaT:
2. damtkicebuli iqmnes am kanonTanve darTuli saqarTvelos dam-
fuZnebel krebis kancelariis Stati. da 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxva.
saredaqcio komisiam metad dainaxa, rom aq daematebinaT Semdegi
nawili, „da 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxva“, radganac kancelariis xar
jT-aRricxva ukve Setanilia pirvel xarjT-aRricxvaSi.
meore muxli saredaqcio komisiam ase miiRo (kiTxulobs).
2. damtkicebuli iqmnes am kanonTanve darTuli saqarTvelos dam-
fuZnebeli krebis kancelariis Stati.
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis kancelariis Stati aseTia:
ამ მუხლს
am muxlsაქვს დართული
aqvs darTuli შენიშვნა საფინანსო
SeniSvna საბიუჯეტო
safinanso კომისიისა. ეს
sabiujeto შენიშვნა
komisiisa.
შემდეგი გახლავთ
es SeniSvna (კითხულობს).
Semdegi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs).
am StatiT aRricxuliჯამაგირი
ამ შტატით აღრიცხული jamagiri მანქანით
manqaniTგადამწერთათვის
gadamwerTaTvis- იმ _პირობით
im piro
დაენიშნოთ მათ, რომ, - განსაზღვრული ექვსი საათის დღური
biT daeniSnoT maT, rom, _ gansazRvruli eqvsi saaTis dRuri muSaobis მუშაობის გარეშე,
ვალდებულნი არიან ყოველთვის,
gareSe, valdebulni arianროცა საჭიროებაroca
yovelTvis, მოითხოვს, ზედმეტიც
saWiroeba იმუშაონ და
moiTxovs, ამ
zed
ზედმეტი მუშაობისათვის განსაკუთრებული გასამრჯელო არ მიეცემათ.
metic imuSaon da am zedmeti muSaobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli gasamr
jeloასეთი
ar გახლავთ
miecemaT. 6-ე მუხლში დართული შენიშვნა. შემდეგი (კითხულობს).
aseTi gaxlavT 6-e muxlSi darTuli SeniSvna. Semdegi (kiTxulobs).
190
სტენოგრაფიული
7 1 1100 1100 13200 13200
7 ოქმების რედაქტ.
უფროსი
ბუხჰალტერი
1 1 950 950 11400 11400
13
კანცელარიის
1 1 650 650 7800 7800
14 მოხელე
მორიგეობისათვის
ბიბლიოთეკის
1 გამგე 1 1000 1000 12000 12000
5
ბიბლიოთეკის
1 გამგ. 1 750 750 9000 9000
6 თანაშემწე
ამგვარად მთელი 41 - 38800 213500 465600
ჯამი გამოვა.
191
1-dan wlis damlevamde sami milioni oras ocda sami aTas xuTas aTi
(3.223.510) man.
Tavmjdomare. vis nebavs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom sa
boloo teqsti miRebuli iyos? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
Semdegi saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa
axalcixis ambebis gamo. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
dadgenileba
dadgenileba
192
ovrebaSi gatareba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul mcxovrebT daxmareba
sursaTis da xe-tyis masalebis miwodebiT.
saredaqcio komisiam moiRo Semdegi teqsti: amisaTvis damfuZnebe
li kreba avalebs mTavrobas.
1) miiRos zomebi administraciis mosawyobad, raTa SesaZlebeli
gaxdes demokratiuli reformebis, maT Soris, pirvel rigSi, saadg
il-mamulo reformis ganxorcieleba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul
mcxovrebT daxmareba sursaTis da xe-tyis masalis miwodebiT.
me-2-e muxli damfuZnebel krebam ase miiRo: (kiTxulobs).
2) droebiT, sanam gareSe safrTxe iqneba mosalodneli, dasto
vos am mxareSi samxedro wesebi da momqmed samxedro da samoqalaqo
Zalebis SesaTanxmeblad dainiSnos Tavisi sagangebo rwmunebuli.
aq sityva „dainiSnos“ magivrad, vixmaroT sityva daniSnos _ sxva
cvlileba ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi am sab
oloo teqstisa? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: gagrZeleba reglamentis ganxilvisa. si
tyva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
iese baraTaSvili. Cven SevdeqiT me-12 muxlze da dRes unda wavi
kiTxo mecamete.
Tavmjdomare. ese igi Tavi mesame, 13 paragrafi. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) Tavi me-III-e muxli.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT xma maRla.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) 13-38 muxlebs.
(xsenebuli muxlebi kenWis yriT miRebulia).
iese baraTaSvili (kiTxulobs 39 muxls) mmarTvelobis yovel dar
gis moqmedebis gamosaZieblad, sareviziod Tu sxva miznisTvis dam
fuZnebeli kreba airCevs gansakuTrebul komisias.
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis giorgi faRavas.
giorgi faRava. (s. -d.) social-demokratiul fraqcias am mux
lSi Semoaqvs Semdegi Sesworeba. daematos bolos; „an pirs“ e. i.
iqneba: mmarTvelobis yoveli dargis moqmedebis gamosaZieblad,
sareviziod Tu sxva miznisTvis damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs gansa
kuTrebul komisias.
Tavmjdomare. cota xma maRla Tu SeiZleba!
giorgi faRava. am muxliT igulisxmeba, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
garda imisa, rom uwevs kontrols mmarTvelobis sxva da sxva dargs,
imave dros, (vinaidan muxlSi amnairad aris naTqvami: sareviziod
Tu sxva miznisTvis) damfuZnebeli kreba TviT ereva mmarTvelobis
ganxorcielebaSi gansakuTrebul komisiis saxiT. Cven gvqonda aseTi
SemTxveva, rodesac amovirCieT sagangebo komisia axalcixis ambebis
gamosaZieblad. maSin am komisias miveciT ufleba dapatimrebisa da
saWiro zomebis miRebisa. maSasadame SeiZleba zogierT konkretiul
SemTxvevaSi aseTi ufleba mieces damfuZnebel krebis romelime pirs.
193
amitom soc. dem. fraqcias Semoaqvs Semdegi Sesworeba: 3-me muxls dae
matos boloSi _ „an pirs“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am damatebis Sesaxeb? msurveli ar
avin aris. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
baraTaSvili. Cven sawinaaRmdego araferi gvaqvs.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. miRebulia.
baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs 40-78 muxlebs).
xsenebuli muxlebi kenWis yriT miRebulia.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) 79 muxli. Tu naxevar saaTis gan
mavlobaSi sxdomisTvis daniSnul dros Semdeg damfuZnebel krebis
ormocdaaT (50) wevrze naklebi Segrovda, Tavmjdomare acxadebs, rom
kreba ar Sesdga.
ilia nucubiZe. (s. r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis qvorumis
sakiTxi socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcias metad seriozul
sakiTxaT miaCnia. damfuZnebeli kreba aris mowodebuli daamyaros
safuZveli Cveni social-politikuri cxovrebisa man unda Seqmnas
konstitucia, romelic ramodenime aTeuli wlobiT gansazRvravs cx
ovrebis mimdinareobis gezs da xasiaTs. aseT didmniSvnelovan sakiTx
ebs swyvets damfuZnebeli kreba da aseTi sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi Tu
ori mesamedi ara, damfuZnebeli krebis naxevarma erTis mimatebiT
mainc unda miiRos monawileoba. es erTi. meore, moqalaqeno, TviT
Cven krebis wevrni, gansakuTrebuli mowodebiT da seriozobiT unda
movepyraT damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobas da rodesac mxolod erTi
mesamedi krebisa miiRebs sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi monawileobas, Cvenis
azriT es ar aris saqmisadmi seriozuli mopyroba. rodesac saTanado
yuradRebiT movepyrobiT Cvens muSaobaSi, rodesac sakiTxebis gad
awyvetaSi miiRebs monawileobas krebis didi umetesoba damfuZnebe
li kreba gaxdeba meti populiaruli da hpoebs samkvidrebels xalxis
fsixologiaSi. am mosazrebiT socialist-revoliucionerTa fraq
cia moiTxovs, rom ormocda aTis magivrad qvorums Seadgendes samoc
da eqvsi.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
niniZes.
kirile niniZe: batonebo, es Sesworeba metic iqneba, imitom rom
Cveulebriv miRebulia, roca absoliuturi umravlesoba aris, maSin
qvorumic aris. ise rom amis Setana sruliad meti iqneba. da Tu Cven
reglamentiT sul sxvanairad vfiqrobT gansazRvras. es ar vici.
aq Cven gvamoqmedebs sul sxva, wminda praqtikuli mosazreba. Te
oreTiulaT rasakvirvelia, Cven ar SegviZlian ar daveTanxmoT eser
ebis gancxadebas, rom rac SeiZleba metni daeswren sxdomas. Tu yvela
wevri daeswreba sxdomas, es ukeTesi iqneba, magram saqme SemdegSia:
Cven ukve miviReT erTi kanoni, Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis
SeTavsebisa. (xma: SeuTavseblobisa) SeuTavseblobis Sesaxeb ki ara,
SeTavsebis Sesaxeb, radgan Cven dauSviT, rom damfuZnebel krebis wev
194
rad SeiZleba iyvnen adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wev
rebi, ministrebi, maTi amxanagebi, elCebi, profesorebi da sxvebi. exla
Tu Tqven miiRebT mxedvelobaSi (Sengelaia: ramdeni iqnebian sul?)
Tavmjdomare: gTxovT adgilidan nu laparakobT.
niniZe: ar vici ramdeni iqnebian, magram Cven es kanoni miviReT ukve,
da raki es kanoni miviReT Cven exla aqedan unda gamovdiodeT. Tu es
kanoni ZalaSi darCeba, Cven ar SegviZlian vivaraudoT, rom Cveule
briv gveyoleba absoliuturi umravlesoba, 66 ki aris absoliuturi
umravlesoba. me sworeT amitom mimaCnia saWirod, rom darCes 50 wev
ri. es iqneba, garemoebisa da drois mixedviT.
arsebiTad social-revoliucionerebis winadadeba gamodis kar
gi survilidan, magram es moaswavebs pirdapir sabotaJs, imitom, rom
absoliuturi umravlesoba ar gveyoleba. (xma: Tqvenze aris damok
idebuli!) Tqvenze aris damokidebuli, aba gadaxedeT ramdeni wevrni
varT, da Tqven ramdeni % gakliaT!
am mosazrebiT Cven saWiroT migvaCnia, rom darCes 50 wevri.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. sityva ekuTvnis momx
senebels.
iese baraTSvili: komisiaSi am sakiTxma gamoiwvia kamaTi da xmis
umravlesobiT ese gadaswyda. me mgoni rom es sakiTxi cxadia da naTe
li, amas ar sWiria ganmarteba. rogorc damfuZnebeli kreba inebebs
ise moviqceviT. komisiam ki miiRo 50.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. Sesworeba gaxlavT 50 ma
givraT 66. Sesworeba aseTi iqneba: (kiTxulobs) Tu naxevar saaTis gan
mavlobaSi, sxdomisTvis daniSnul dros Semdeg damfuZnebel krebis 66
wevrze naklebi Segrovda, Tavmjdomare acxadebs, rom kreba ar Sesdga.
vin aris Sesworebis momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame
uaryofilia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlisa? aravin. maSasadame miRe
bulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
baraTaSvili (kiTxulobs: 80-180 muxlebs).
Tavmjdomare. saerToT uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts. vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? miRebulia. da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
exla, neba miboZeT, gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze. social-demokrati
ul fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba mcire komisiebis arCevis Sesaxeb.
winadadebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis raJden arseniZes!
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am konstituciis cxovrebaSi gasatareblad da pirveli nabiji Cve
ni organiuli muSaobisa aqeTken unda iyos mimarTuli. mogexsenebaT,
rom erTi mTavari principTagani Cveni aRmasrulebeli organosi _
mTavrobisa, romelsac iziarebs damfuZnebeli kreba, iyo gamartiveba
mmarTvelobisa da gamartiveba da gaadvileba im aparatis muSaobisa,
romelmac cxovrebaSi unda gaataros Cveni dadgenilebani. imisTvis,
rom gamartiveba ufro saswrafod swarmoebdes, ufro wesieraT da
rigianaT moxdes, saWiroa gamoirkves dRes, _ ras akeTeben is moxeleni
da is dawesebulebani, romelnic saTaveSi udganan Cvens respublikas.
es aris pirveli nabiji imisTvis, rom gavigoT, ra muSaoba swarmoebs
iq, ra keTdeba, ris gakeTeba SeiZleba, ramdenaT rTuli da farToa es
samuSao, romelic maT awevT kiserze, da ramdenaT SesaZlebelia mox
eleebis ufro naklebi ricxviT am samuSaoebis Sesruleba. Cven gvgo
nia, xSirad zedmeti ricxvi aseT moxeeleebisa ara Tu ar uwyobs xels
warmoebis siswrafes, piriqiT xels uSlis; egred wodebuli kance
liarSCina viTardeba imiT, rom mravali ricxvi moxeleebisa TviTon
iCens saqmes, erT kuTxidan meore kuTxeSi agzavnian qaRaldebs, iwye
ben miwer-moweras, gadaweras, da yvela amis gamo ferxdeba muSaoba da
saqmis gakeTeba. am Jamad, yvelaze sasurvelia revizia daviwyoT mTav
robis uwyebidan, mTavrobis centralur dawesebulebidan. me mgonia,
gansakuTrebuli uflebis micema komisiisTvis saWiro ar aris, radga
nac Cven aq ar gvaqs raime borot-moqmedebasTan saqme, romelsac unda
vebrZoloT da romelic unda aRmovfxvraT specialur RonisZiebis
miRebiT. aq unda gamoirkves, ra umuSavnia mTavrobas warsulSi. ga
moirkves, mTeli is aparati, romelic dagvitoves Zveli wyobilebis
moxeleebma; am moxeleebis revizia gamoarkvevs maT saqmianobas da moq
medebis unars, aRnusxavs da gaiTvaliswinebs, rogori reorganizacia
iqneba saWiro am dawesebulebisa, rom ufro martivad, swrafad da
cocxlaT swarmoebdes maTi muSaoba. amisTvis me mgoni saWiro iqneba
im didma komisiebma, romelnic Cven avirCieT TviTeul dawesebulebi
sTvis, Tavis wreSi gamoyos mcire ricxovani komisia, ori sami pirisa
gan. es ori sami piri savsebiT sakmarisi iqneba imisTvis, rom revizia
moaxdinon TviTeul centralur dawesebulebaSi. Semdeg Cven albad
dagvWirdeba aseTi reviziis gagzavna provinciaSi adgilobriv dawe
sebulebis sarevizioT, magram iq iqneba saWiro specialuri komisia,
vinaidan iq gagzavnilni damfuZnebel krebis wevrni droebiT unda mo
Sorden damfuZnebel krebis muSaobas. es iqneba specialuri komisia,
droebiT gagzavnili sxva da sxva alagebSi. aseTi specialuri komisia
ar davinaxeT saWirod aq, imitom, rom mudmivi komisiebi gvyvavs, ro
melnic gamoyofen mcire komisiebs, da dResve gagzavnian sareviziod
saTanado dawesebulebaSi; rodesac Semova Statebi, ufro garkveu
li iqnebian am sakiTxSi da amnairad mokle droSi, SevZlebT saboloo
Statebis damuSavebas yvela dawesebulebisaTvis. da me mgoni, rom es
marTva gamgeobis sistemisTvis ufro met sargeblobas moitans. ai es
196
aris mTavari azri da mizani winadadebis, rom mieces winadadeba Cven
komisiebs aseTi mcire komisiebi gamoyon. rac Seexeba instruqciebs,
Cven vambobT, rom instruqciebs daimuSaveben TviTon komisiebi. ai
ratom, TviTeul uwyebas aqvs mravalnairi gansakuTrebuli Tviseba
da xasiaTi, da ar SeiZleba erTnairi revizia gauwios safinanso dawe
sebulebas, da romelime administraciul dawesebulebas. sul sxva da
sxva saxisa da xasiaTis muSaoba swarmoebs erTsa da meoreSi. amitom
Cven gvgonia, saTanado komisia ufro daaxlovebulia ama Tu im dawe
sebulebasTan, romelis saqmeebs ixilavs, da saTanado instruqcias
zogad xasiaTisas ufro advilad miscems mcire komisias. Semdeg al
bad mcire komisia Tavis gamokvlevas Seitans imave did komisiaSi gan
saxilvelad, rom man ganixilos farToT, da Tu rame sayuradRebo da
sagulisxmo aris damfuZnebel krebas moaxseneben. es iqneba xarjT-aR
ricxvis damuSavebis dros, Statebis damuSavebis dros. es gamoix
ateba im kamaTSi da debatebSi, romelic TviTeul xarjT-aRricxvis
ganxilvis dros, albad iqneba damfuZnebel krebaSi. ai am mosazrebiT
gvgonia, rom es debuleba savsebiT misaRebia da dasamtkicebeli dam
fuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. -d.) batonebo! Cvenis azriT es winadadeba im
saxiT, ra saxiTac is aq aris Semotanili, miuRebelia. Cveni mosazreba
Semdegi aris. rogorc mogexsenebaT social-demokratiuli fraqci
is mier Semotanili sakanonmdeblo winadadeba moiTxovs, rom yvela
komisiebma, romlebic arCeulia damfuZnebeli krebis mier, gamoyon
TavianT Semadgenlobidan mcire komisiebi. winadadebis, Tanaxmad am
mcire komisiebs daekisrebaT sakontrolo funqciebi. Cven vfiqrobT,
rom swored es aris miuRebeli.
Cven viciT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba, romelsac xelT upyria res
publikis mTeli Zala-ufleba, aris imave dros respublikis umaRlesi
kontroliori. kontrolis ufleba aris erTi umaRlesi da umniS
vnelovanesi uflebaTagani da ra Tqma unda, aseT uflebas damfuZnebe
li kreba gadascems sagangebo calke komisias, romelsac eqneba mudmi
vi xasiaTi da ara raRac mcire komisiebs.
mcire komisia SeiZleba arCeul iqnes, ase vsTqvaT, ad hoc raime
texnikuri saWiroebisaTvis, aq ki saWiro aris ase Tu ise mudmivi
aparati, romelic kontrols gauwevs centralur dawesebulebebs.
aq ar aris agreTve gamorkveuli, Tu ramdeni iqneba es mcire
komisiebi, an ra principze iqneba eseni agebuli, amas ki didi mniSvn
eloba aqvs.
Cvenis azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia yovelma komisiam gamoyos
mcire komisia da mas kontroli daavalos. magaliTad, Cven avirCieT
sareglamento, samandato da sxva komisiebi. axla Tqven warmoidgenT,
rogor SeiZleba sareglamento komisiam airCios mcire komisia an vis
unda gaukeTos man kontroli? cxadia, es uazroba iqneboda.
197
Semdeg amisa ar aris gamorkveuli principi, Tu rogor unda Ses
dges es mcire komisia, rasac, rogorc mogaxseneT, udidesi mniSvnelo
ba aqvs. samarTlianoba da saqmis interesi moiTxovs, rom sakantrolo
komisia iyos Sedgenili ara ise, rogorc mag. komisiebia Semdgari. mag.
Cvens komisiebSi, sadac 10 kaci aris, Svidi social-demokrati aris,
xolo danarCen partiebs yavs TiTo TiTo warmomadgeneli.
vsTqvaT, rom mcire komisia airCies. Tu Zveli ZalTa ganwyobileba
darCa, SeiZleba sxva fraqciis warmomadgeneli srulebiT ver gaxdes,
ase rom sakontrolo komisiaSi iqneba mxolod umravlesobis fraqcia,
kontrolis interesi ki moiTxovs, rom umravlesobas hyavdes yvelaze
naklebi warmomadgeneli.
am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ori winadadeba miviRoT: an Tanaswori
warmomadgenloba yvela fraqciisa, anda kidev ufro samarTliani
iqneboda, rom umravlesobis partias yvelaze naklebi warmomadgenle
bi hyavdes, Tu es ase ar iqna, maSin gamova, rom social-demokratiuli
sakontrolo komisia kontrols gaukeTebs isev social-demokratiul
mTavrobas da mis saministroebs da amnairad kontrols yovelgvari
azri daekargeba.
Tavmjdomare. Cawerili aravin aris. me kenWs uyri. winadadeba
gaxlavT aseTi (baraTaSvili sityvas Txoulobs). sityva ekuTvnis dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.) kiTxva, rom saWiroa kontroli, da amis
ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, me mgonia udavoa da yvelasgan miRe
buli. magram proeqti, warmodgenili social-demokratiul fraqci
is mier ar aris mizanSewonili. azri aseTia, arsebul komisiebma ga
mohyon mcire komisiebi. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom arsebul komisiebs
didi samuSao aqvT. me veWob rom am patara, mcire komisiebma Seasru
lon axali davaleba. revizia kontroli ubralo saqme ar aris, arc
ubralo sagania. unda moandomon didi dro, gaakeTon faqtiuri revi
zia da Tu naklulovanoba aRmoCnda _ moifiqron rogor gamoakeTon
da gamoasworon saqme. yvela dawesebulebebs und adevnon Tvalyuri
da sxva. Cven vambobT, mcire komisia ver SesZlebs amas. Tu miaqceven
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas marto reviziis, kontrolis sakiTx
ebs, maSin mosalodnelia nayofieri Sedegi. maT aRar darCebaT dro
kanon-proektebis SesamuSaveblad; ori movaleobis da davalebis Ses
ruleba. Znelia. amisdamixedviT an unda moematos ricxvi am komisieb
sa an ara da gansakuTrebuli sxva da sxva komisiebi unda avirCioT.
mosazrebani damfuZnebeli krebis wevris Sengelaiasi swore ar aris.
erTi komisiis aCeva ar SeiZleba. sxva da sxva dargebia da erTi komisia
ver gauZRveba, winadadebaa, an ricxvi arsebul komisiebisa unda gavam
ravloT da iqidan gamovyoT mcire komisiebi, an sxva da sxva komisiebi
davaarsoT da aRvWurvoT revizoris da kontrolioris uflebebiT.
meore mosazreba, sruliad samarTliania. am komisiebSi Tanasworobis
principi unda iyos SemoRebuli.
198
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) sakvirvel winaRmdegobiT Sexvdnen aseT
ubralo da martiv winadadebas. Cemi azriT, es pirdapir gansacvi
frebelia. komisiebs, romelic arCeulia damfuZnebeli krebis mier,
Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, aqvs amisTana kontrolis ufleba, da aravis
eWvic ar unda ebadebodes, rom komisiebs, romelic avirCieT, sruli
ufleba da saSualeba aqvT mividnen sxva da sxva dawesebulebebSi,
yvela dawesebulebebis saqmianobis da Sromis unari gamoarkvion,
Cven roca SemovitaneT es winadadeba, _ es imisTvis, rom daaCqaron
komisiebma es saqme, dauyovnebliv moawyon es revizia: es aris saWiro
centralur dawesebulebis, maTi moxeleebis saboloo Statebis Ses
amuSaveblad. Cven viciT, rom Zalian male Semoitanen Statebis xar
jT aRricxvas damfuZnebel krebaSi, Statebi iqneba aRnusxuli da
Cven davamtkicebT, da roca am Statebs davamtkicebT, Tqven Tu maSin
SeudeqiT Statebis revizias, es nagvianebi iqneba. Cven gvgonia, rom
es unda moxdes winaswar, rom komisia Cven mier arCeuli, winaswar
SeimuSavebs instruqcias, gagzavnis Tavis wevrebs ama Tu im dawese
bulebaSi an saqmis mosagvareblaT. es metad martivi sagania. rasak
virvelia sul sxvaa, rodesac gavgzavniT sxva da sxva sakontrolo
dawesebulebaSi, magaliTad quTaisSi. Tu quTaisidan an cnoba mog
viva, an masala gveqneba, rom borot-moqmedeba xdeba, uwesoeba swar
moebs, an rigianad ar swarmoebs saqme, eseT SemTxvevaSi igzavneba Cven
mier arCeuli komisia, rogorc Cven magaliTad gavgzavneT axalcixe
Si. Tu mudmivi komisia daarsda, maSin komisia dakargavs Tavis nam
dvil mniSvnelobas, namdvil Tavis xasiaTs. yvela SeeCveva imas ise,
rogorc, moxeles. romelic yovel dRes gaivlis da gamoivlis Tav
is dawesebulebaSi. me vambob, revizias Tavisi umaRlesi specialuri
daniSnuleba da mniSvneloba aqvs. maSin, rodesac igi xdeba gansa
kuTrebuli mizniT. am Jamad, iseT ubralo martiv saqmisTvis, gvinda
komisia, da ara gansakuTrebuli ramisaTvis. TiTqos didi ubedureba
trialebdes, qveyana ingreodes, _ aq ubralo, normaluri parlamen
turi muSaoba warmoebs, saWiroa Statebis Semcireba, saWiroa ga
morkveva ramdenad aucilebelia esa Tu is raodenoba Statisa ama Tu
im saqmeSi, da amisTvis nu Tu specialuri reviziaa saWiro, da isic
paritetul, da sxva axal safuZvelze damyarebuli? es zedmetia da
sityvis masalaT aris aq motanili.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi damTavrebulia. me kenWs uyri winadadebebs.
rogorc mogexsenebaT ori winadadeba aris Semotanili: erTi krebis
wevris arseniZis mier, meore socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis
mier. me kenWs uyri eserebis winadadebas, rom iyos erTi mudmivi komis
ia. vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? winadadeba uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre meore winadadebisa? miRebuli gaxlavT social-
demokratebis fraqciis winadadeba.
Semdegi da ukanaskneli sakiTxi gaxlavT komisiebis arCeva.
199
unda mogaxsenoT, rom prezidiumi gTxovT, rac SeiZleba saCqarod
airCioT sabiblioTeko komisa.
vis surs am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sityva aiRos? sityva ekuTvnis parla
mentis wevrs CixlaZes.
rafiel CixlaZe. (s.-d.) social-demokratiuli fraqcia iZleva
winadadebas, rom dRes arCeuli iqmnes ori komisia: sameurneo da sabib
lioTeko.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am winadadebisa? es winadadeba
miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT daasaxeloT ramdeni wevrni iqneba sameur
neo da sabiblioTeko komisiebSi.
rafiel CixlaZe. sameurneo komisiaSi iqneba 7 wevri da sabib
lioTekoSiac.
Tavmjdomare. sxva winadadeba ar aris. maSasadame sabiblioTeko
da sameurneo iqnebian 7-7 wevri. gTxovT daasaxeloT wevrebi.
rafiel CixlaZe. (s. d.) Cveni fraqcia sabiblioTeko komisiaSi
asaxelebs Semdeg pirebs: olRa soloRaSvilis asuls, pavle biuls,
nikifore imnaiSvils da leonti ruxaZes.
Tavmjdomare. sameurneoSi?
rafiel CixlaZe. sameurneoSi _ Semdeg pirebs: anania saluqvaZes,
sardion TevzaZes, ilia kopaleiSvils da vasil wulaZes.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT, sxva fraqciebi vis asaxeleben.
mdivani (kiTxulobs). sameurneo komisiaSi
soc. fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: ioseb gedevaniSvils.
soc. rev. fraqcia _ ivane gobeCias.
erovnul demokratTa _ aleqsandre asaTians.
sabiblioTeko komisiaSi asaxeleben:
social-fed. fraqcia: Salva nucubiZes.
soc.-revoliuc. _ ilia nucubiZes.
erovnul-demokratTa _ eqvTime TayaiSvils.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebuli
aris.
moiTmineT cnoba mogaxsenoT. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs):
soc.-demok. fraqciis gancxadeba. soc. demokratiuli fraqcia
gzaTa komisiaSi m. xoWolavas magier asaxelebs ivane WavWaniZes.
200
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
mecxre sxdoma
dRiuri wesrigi.
201
3. proeqti dekretisa qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze akrZalvis
dadebisa.
4. kanonproeqti _ saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxure
Ta salikvidacio Semweobis kanonis (1918 w. ivlisis 5-s) me-2 muxlis
Secvlisa.
5. wesi damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebul kanonisa, dekretisa
da dadgenilebis gamoqveynebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb? msurveli
aravin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi dRiuri wesrigis damtkicebisa? wi
naaRmdegi aravin aris, _ dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa centralur
dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis mcire komisiebis daarsebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.
202
romelic iyo miRebuli TiTqmis 1918 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. gare
moeba Zalian mZime iyo, mdgomareoba Zalian gaWirvebuli da amitom
Zalian xSirad ismoda xolme xmebi, rom saWiro aris maTi materialur
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba jamagirebis momatebiT. magram gaTvalis
winebuli iyo is garemoebac, rom jamagirebis momatebiT faqtiurad
ver kmayofildebian mosamsaxureebi, imitom rom jamagirebis momate
bas Tan sdevs TiTqmis maSinaTve sursaTis gaZvireba da rogorc mTel
am omis ganmavlobaSi, agreTve am revoliuciis drosac jamagirebi
versad ver eweodnen im siZvires, romelic TandaTan viTardeboda.
amitom Sromis saministros maSinaTve hqonda gadawyvetili, rom ara
jamagirebis momatebiT gaeumjobesebina mdgomareoba mosamsaxureebi
sa, aramed gamoenaxa saSualeba, rom daekmayofilebina mosamsaxureebi
sursaTiT. _ iaf sursaTis miwodebiT. am mizniT iyo mTavrobis mier
gadadebuli _ 2 milioni maneTi, rom moewyo saxelmwifo mosamsaxu
reebisTvis iafi sursaTis miwodeba, magram vinaidan ver moxerxda gan
sakuTrebiT iseT kargi organizaciis mowyoba, rom amiT SesaZlebeli
yofiliyo dakmayofileba mosamsaxureebisa im fasebiT, romelnic maT
hqondaT aqamdis, amitom daisva sakiTxi, rom moematebinaT jamagirebi
mosamsaxureebisTvis, magram moematebinaT ise ki ara, rogorc aqamdis
xdeboda, _ TiToeuli dawesebuleba SeimuSavebda Tavis normas, anda
romelime profesionaluri kavSiri Semoitanda Tavis normas calke
da amis gayvanas Txoulobda, es erTgvar arevdarevas iwvevda da ami
tom Sromis saministrom gadaswyvita, rom Seitanos erTgvari sistema
imaSi, rom Seegrovebina, Seekrifa, saTanado masalebi imisda mixed
viT, romel raionebSi rogori aris cxovrebis pirobebi da am gvarad
SeemuSavebinaT wesi, Tu rogor da vin unda iyos dakmayofilebuli
jamagiriT. ra Tqma unda sruliad ar anebebda Tavs amasTan erTad
Sromis saministro im azrsac, rom ueWvelad unda moewyo ekonomiuri
organizacia iaf sursaTis miwodebisTvis. Sromis saministros ukve
aqvs masalebi Segrovili da scdilobs, rom axlo momavalSi, Seqmnas
normebi am saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis raodenobis gan
sazRvrisTvis. amisTvis mas aqvs ganzraxuli, rom jer erTi is uxerx
uli mdgomareoba, romelic am revoliuciis dros Seiqmna, rom yvela
dargis mosamsaxureni, _ umaRles administraciis moxeleebis mova
leobas asrulebdnen Tu dabali mosamsaxureebis movaleobas, TiTqmis
erTnairad iyvnen dakavSirebulni, da erTmaneTze erTgvar gavlenas
axdendnen da xSirad ereodnen kidec im sakiTxebSi Tu vis rogori ja
magiri daeniSneboda. es ki qmnida erTgvar uxerxul mdgomareobas,
ris gamoc Sromis saministros ganzraxuli aqvs am masalebis Segrove
bisTanve administratiuli mosamsaxureni, _ umaRles postze myofni,
ueWvelad gamoyofilni iyvnen calke kategoriaT dabali mosamsax
ureebisagan, Tu gind erTi romelime dargisa vsTqvaT, remingtonis
manqanaze momuSavarni yofiliyvnen dayofilni ramodenime kategori
aT, imitom rom miuxedavaT imisa rom TviTeuli maTgani muSaobs erT
203
da imave manqanaze, maTi muSaobis nayofi sxva da sxvanairia, da erTnai
ri jamagris micema, Sromis saministros azriT, sruliad Seuferebe
lia, radganac sxva da sxva nayofs iRebs is maTi namuSavari. rogorc
mogaxseneT agreTve miRebulia raionebze dayofa, radganac sxva da
sxva raionebSi es siZvire sxva da sxva xasiaTisa aris da amisdamixed
viT, ra Tqma unda, jamagirebis raodenobac ganisazRvreba. jamagirebi
sxva da sxva nairi iqneba sxva da sxva raionebSi, magram manamdis yvela
es zomebi iqnebian damuSavebulni, es normebi Sedgenili da damuSave
bulni, warmodgenili damfuZnebeli krebis misaRebad, da dasamtkice
blad, minamdis mosamsaxureTa mdgomareoba saSineli gaWivrebuli
aris, da amitom Sromis saministro Semovida winadadebiT damfuZneb
el krebaSi, vinaidan mTavrobas ara nakleb erTi Tvisa dasWirdeba am
yvela masalebis sistemaSi moyvanisTvis, da amisdamixedviT am norme
bis gansazRvrisTvis, mosamsaxureni ki saSinel gaWivrebas ganicdian,
rom TviTeul mosamsaxures, romelsac ar miuRia 1919 wels 1 ianvri
dan jamagiris momateba _ mieces TviTeuls 300 man. im pirobiT rom
rodesac es normebi iqneba SemuSavebuli da jamagiric axali normebis
Tanaxmad miecemaT, es avansi iqnes gamoricxuli am momaval damatebiTi
jamagirebidan, romelic maT miecemaT.
es aris azri am winadadebisa, romeliTac Semovida Sromis samin
istro. safinanso sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es winadadeba da dae
Tanxma savsebiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTod kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb? si
tyva aravis surs. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
andro WiabriSvili (kiTxulobs.)
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures.
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac miiRes jamagirebis momateba ama
wlis ianvris Semdeg avansad samasi maneTi TviTeuls.
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Tavmjdomare. damatebiTi moxsenebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva?
momxsenebeli. me araferi ar maqvs am damatebis winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRm
deg? vin Seikava Tavi? damateba miRebuli gaxlavT. kenWs uyri am mux
ls damatebiT. vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? Tavi vin Seika
va? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT me 2 muxli.
a. WiabriSvili. (kiTxulobs.) miendos finansTa ministrs gaiRos
1-l muxlSi moxsenebuli avansi ama wlis kreditis gauxsnelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
kenWs uyri mTel kanonproeqts.
vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi proeqti aris qalaqebSi dausaxelebel miwebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels kirile niniZes.
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akrZalulia miwis sxvaze gadacema, miuxedavaT misi raodenobisa da
Cven, rom es CavidinoT, amiT xels SeuSliT mrewvelobis ganviTare
bas; amitom Cven igi davtoveT, da vRebulobT aseT mosazrebas, aseTi
principi gvaqs: erTi is, rom Tu dasaxlebuli aris mamuli, aris zed
Senoba samrewvelo raime dargis muSaoba, am miwebs ar vexebiT, mx
olod vexebiT cariel teritorias, visac erT desetinaze meti aqvs,
saerTod erT desetinaze naklebs, Tundac is carieli iyos, dekreti
ar zRudavs, da es dekreti saSualebas miscems miwis patrons, Tu
survili eqneba, an saxli aaSenos, an savaWro dawesebuleba, an sxva
rame moawyos, danarCen SemTxvevaSi ki Cven vfiqrobT, rom am momaval
kanonis molodinSi es dekreti unda miviRoT. maSasadame winaswari
zomebi gansazRvruli aris. ai aseTia am kanon-proeqtis, am dekretis
deda azri. es aris droebiTi, radganac Cven vfiqrobT, rom saWiroa
axlo momavalSi gamoices kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs am cariel
miwebis beds. sxvaTaSoris aq mxedvelobaSi misaRebia kidev munici
palitetebis interesi. Cven viciT, rom qalaqTa kavSiris krebulma
gamosTqves survili, rom maT mieceT saSualeba zogierTi miwebiT
isargeblon Tavisi samunicipalo politikisTvis, da ai am mosazre
biT Cven vfiqrobT, rom zogierTi miwebi iqneba SenarCunebuli moma
vali qalaqis meurneobisTvis am dekretis ZaliT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia (s.-r.) batonebo! aq warmodgenili kanon-proeqti
erTxel kidev adasturebs im usistemobas, im qaotiur mdgomareo
bas, romelSiac imyofeboda mTeli Cveni agraruli kanonmdebloba.
is agraruli reforma, romelsac social-dimokratia cxovrebaSi at
arebs imdenaT usistemo da uprincipo aris, rom misi gamarTleba da
dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia.
social-demokratiuli agraruli reforma ar aris dasabuTebu
li da gamarTlebuli arc momentis revoliucionuri dafasebiT, arc
revoliuciis xasiaTis swori mogebiT da arc sasoflo meurneobis
revoliuciis kanonebis codniTa da swori gaTvaliswinebiT.
mogexsnebaT, revoliuciis procesSi social-demokratias agra
ruli programa daekarga.
xangrZlivi yoymanisa da ryevisa Semdeg social-demokratiam SeTx
za axali programa, romelSic SeaerTa SeuerTebeli cnobani da ufle
bani, romelSic erTad moaTavsa municipalizacia da nacionalizacia,
socializacia da miwebis auqcionSi gayidva, SeaerTa revoliucia da
reaqcia.
amasobaSi b. miwaTmoqmedebis ministrs daaviwyda, rom miwebi qa
laqSiac aris da ai mxolod axla, revoliuciis ori wlis Semdeg Se
moaqvs dekreti, romliTac akrZaluli unda iqnes qalaqis miwebis gay
idva. gamodis TiTqos qalaqsa da sofel Soris araviTari kavSiri ar
aris, TiTqos SeiZlebodes agraruli reforma soflad gavataroT da
imave dros qalaqebi sruliad daviviwyod. agraruli reforma unda
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iyos erTi mTliani procesi, amas ki Cven ver vxedavT mTels agrarul
sakanonmdeblo SemoqmedebaSi.
am patara kanonproeqtsac igive kompromisuli xasiaTi aqvs.
am saTaurSi sweria „droebiTo“ ratom mainc da mainc droebiTi?
Cven gvesmis, es sityva, es fraza, rom revoliuciis pirvel dReebSi
gvexmara, kidev iqneboda azri, magram dRes, rodesac revoliuciis
meore weliwadi Sesrulda da ukve tardeba udidesi nawili am refor
misa, Cven SeuZleblad migvaCnia am kanons droebiTi xasiaTi mivceT.
Semdeg aris naTqvami, rom es kanoni exeba mxolod dausaxlebel mi
webze, ese igi ara mTel miwebs, yvela miwebs, romlebic qalaqSi aris,
aramed nawils. ase rom am kanonis gareSe rCeba miwebis mTeli rigi,
rCeba mTeli is miwebi, romelzedac aris raime Senoba, saxli da sam
rewvelo dawesebuleba. amas imiT amarTleben, rogorc momxsenebelma
brZana, rom TiTqos ar undaT xeli SeuSalon mrewvelobas, magram aq
mrewveloba arafer SuaSi. social-demokratias eSinia SeiWras ker
Zo uflebriv sferoSi amitom is qmnis kapitalistebisaTvis erTgvar
imunitets, rac CvenTvis yovlad miuRebelia. kanoni unda gavrceldes
yvela miwebze. Tu amis winaaRmdeg vinme iqneba, Tu aq vinme daziandeba,
es iqneba kapitalistebi da saxlis patronebi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi
mSromeli xalxi, qalaqis Raribi nawili.
socialistur damfuZnebel krebas ar SeuZlia miiRos iseTi kom
promisuli da eqlektikuri kanoni, rogoric aris warmodgenili pro
eqti. kanon-proeqtSi aris agreTve norma _ erTi desetina. saintere
soa, riT xelmZRvanelobda ministri, rodesac aseT normas awesebda?!
kanoni soflad Svid desiatinas stovebs, qalaqSi ki unda darCes
erTi desiatina, mara vin ar icis, rom qalaqis erTi desiatina udris
soflis ara 7 desiatinas, aramed SeiZleba 10 da 20-sac. amitom Cven Se
mogvaqvs winadadeba kanon-proeqtidan sruliad amoiSalos sityvebi
„droebiT“, „dausaxlebeli miwebi“, Semdeg unda amoiSalos mTlianad
pirveli SeniSvna, xolo meore SeniSvnidan unda amoiSalos ukanaskne
li nawili „erTi wlis vadiT“.
aleqsandre asaTiani (er. dem.) damfuZvnebeli krebis wevrno! sanam
warmodgenils dekrets arsebiTad Sevexebode, unda mivaqcio Tqveni
yuradReba im garemoebas, rom kanon-proeqti, romelic warmoudgina
miwad moqmedebis saministrom agrarul komisias, arsebiTad Seicva
la mis Semdeg, rac es kanon-proeqti gadavida iuridiul komisiaSi. es
arsebiTad Secvlili kanon-proeqti, ukeT rom vTqvaT, sruliad axali
kanon-proeqti am Jamad Cven warmogvidgines gansaxilvelad. es cvli
leba aSkara aris, me mgonia, yvelasTvis.
miwaT moqmedebis saministros kanon-proeqti zRudavs carieli
miwebis syidva-gasyidvas da gadacemas, ukeTu es miwa erTs desetinas
aRemateba. erTi desetinis farglebSi, am miwebze syidva gayidva da,
sazogadoT, gankarguleba Tavisufali rCeba. am Jamad es kanon-proeq
ti sazogadoT zRudavs cariel miwebis yidva-gayidvas, iqneba es dese
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tinis erTi meoTxedi, erTi naxevari, Tu erT desetinazed meti. meores
mxriv saministros dekreti sruliad ar exeboda gaSenebuls miwebs.
TqvenTvis moxsenebuli kanon-proeqti ki zRudavs gankargulebas im
gaSenebuls miwebisas, sadac SenobaTa garSemo erTi desetinaze meti
carieli miwa aRmoCndeba. Tumca es axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavda im
krebaze, sadac iyvnen agreTve agrarul komisiis wevrebi, saerToT
SeerTebul krebazed, magram agrarulma komisiam es kanon-proeqti ga
dasca am SeerTebul krebas mxolod erTi mizniT, rom, ukeTu miwadmo
qmedebis saministros warmomadgeneli saTanado ganmartebas miscemda
komisias da gaurkvevda komisiis wevrebs, Tu ra aqvs miznad mTavrobas
am kanonis gamocemiT, mieRoT is da damfuZnebel krebisTvis gadaecaT.
da Tu am Jamad es axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavda da Semovida, cxa
dia, is unda dabrundes Tavis pirvandel wyaros, im komisias, sadac
yoveli kanon-proeqti miwis sakiTxis Sesaxeb arsebiTad ixileba, e.i.
unda daubrundes agrarul komisias. aseTi wesi miRebuli gvaqs Cven
da, sazogadoT, sakanonmdeblo muSaobis sruliad udavo debulebas
warmoadgens. amis gamo erovnul-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas
iZleva, rom es kanon-proeqti gadaeces agrarul komisias gansaxilve
lad, magram me ara var darwmunebuli, rom es Cveni udavo mosazrebani
Tqven mier miRebuli iqneba da amitom me saWiroT vsTvli kanon-pro
eqts arsebiTad Sevexo.
agrarul komisiaSi, rom daisva sakiTxi _ ra aris mizani am
kanon-proeqtisa, veravin amazed pasuxi ver mogvca. yvelam gakvirve
ba gamosTqva, rom es kanon-proeqti Semodis ase saswrafod. magram
dekretis mizani Tumca dausabuTebelia, magram naTelia _ qalaqis mi
webis yidva-gayidvis SeCereba im dromde, sanam am miwebis gadasawyve
tad axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavdeba. risTvis unda SeCerdes droe
biT, am miwebis gankarguleba! ra saSiSroebas xedavs mTavroba imis
gamo, rom es droebiT ar SeCerdes, da ratom ar aris SesaZlebeli,
rom moucadoT im kanon-proeqts, romelic mzaddeba albad? amis Ses
axeb agrarulma komisiam pasuxi ver miiRo. amis gamo komisiam saWirod
dainaxa miwaT-moqmedebis warmomadgenelis azris mosmena. Tqven dRes
moismineT agrarul komisiis Tavmjdomaris sityva da im kiTxvazed, Tu
ra mizani aqvs mTavrobas, ra perspeqtivebi aqvs mas, rom man saWiroT
dainaxa aseTi droebiTi SezRudva, dResac veraviTari pasuxi ver mi
viReT. Cven vfiqrobT, rom ar aris sasargeblo am dekretis miReba arc
miwis reformis gatarebis TvalsazrisiT, arc sxva raime politikuri
mosazrebiT, aseTi dekretebidan Cveni xalxi veraviTars sargeblobas
ver naxavs. is mxolod zedmets, kidev zedmets arev-darevas Seitans
Cvens ekonomiurs cxovrebaSi.
rodesac soflis memamuleebisTvis gamoacxades aseTive SezRudva
1918 wlis 23 Tebervals, saministrosi da mTavrobis azri naTeli iyo.
Cven gvinda is fondi, romelic aqamdin hqondaT msxvil mflobelebs,
SevinaxoT imisTvis, rom miTi davakmayofiloT umiwawylo glexebis
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saWiroebao. maSasadame saministros saWiroT miaCnda rom es fondi
xeluxleblad darCeniliyo am saagraro reformisTvis. Tu es sof
lis miwebi daumuSavebeli iyo msxvil mflobelTa xelSi, am reformis
Semdeg SesaZlebeli unda gamxdariyo, rom es carieli miwebi Cavar
deboda swored im xalxis xelSi, romelsac esaWiroeboda es miwebi,
romelTac isini daimuSavebden da mTeli saxelmwifos sasargeblod
gaxdiden. aseTi ram mosazreba aq, me mgonia, ar iTqmis. qalaqis miwe
bi dasamuSaveblad, sazogadoT, ar aris miCneuli da vfiqrob veravin
ityvis, rom am miwebis ganawileba, dayofa da gayidva unda SevaCeroT
imisTvis, rom erTgvari fondi SevqmnaT umiwawylo mSromel xalxis
saWiroebisaTvis, rom man am miwazed miwad-moqmedeba awarmovoso.
ar vici, SesaZlebelia mTavroba fiqrobdes, rom es dekreti pirveli
nabiji iqneba. jer-jerobiT SeuzRudaven am sakuTrebis gacemas da
Semdeg miwebs CamoarTmeven.
aq laparaki aris municipaluri politikis Sesaxeb da, SesaZlebe
lia, mTavrobas azri aqvs, rom yvela es miwebi konfiskaciis wesiT ga
dasces municipalitets misi samunicipalo politikisaTvis. Tu mTav
robas imedi aqvs, rom qalaqis carieli miwebi am municipalitetebis
SemweobiT gaSendebian, yovel SemTxvevaSi, saWiro iyo amis Sesaxeb aq
raimes Tqma, rom Cven SeZleba gvqondes aseT imedebis Sesaxeb Cveni azri
gamogveTqva. aseTi ram aq ar Tqmula, da arc komisiaSi gvsmenia. zogi
erT komisiis wevrebTan Semdegi mosazreba gagvigonia _ sofelSi Camo
erTva memamuleebs mamulebi, ratom aris rom qalaqebSi mdidrebs aqvT
auarebeli uZravi qoneba, ratom aris rom aq maT araferi CamorTmevia
To. Tu dekretis gamocema mxolod imiT aris gamowveuli, rom qalaqeb
Si mospobili iqmnas erTgvari qonebrivi uTanasworoba, _ saWiro aris,
me mgonia, rom amis Sesaxeb naTeli warmodgena hqondes damfuZnebel
krebas. Cvenis azriT es kanon-proeqti kidev ufro gaamZlavrebs da
gaamwvavebs im ekonomiur kriziss, romelsac Cven ganvicdiT, kidev
ufro arev-darevs Cven ekonomiur cxovrebas. am Jamad, ar aris rasak
virvelia, mosalodneli, rom ucbaT daiwyos qalaqebSi aRmSenebloba
da es carieli miwebi gaSendes. amisTvis saTanado pirobebi jer kidev
ar Seqmnila, magram nawilobrivad Tu ki aris SesaZlebeli, rom qa
laqis cariel miwebze raime warmoeba, raime aRmSenebloba daiwyos, es
kanon-proeqti savsebiT spobs aseTs SesaZleblobas. zedmetia amazed
laparaki, rom am dekretis Semdegom carieli miwebis mepatroneeb
ma mis gaSenebaze da maze, raime warmoebis moTavsebaze izrunon. am
dekretis, am kanonis Semdgom, TavisTavad cxadia qalaqis mesakuTreT
SiSi daebadebaT, rom maT miwebsac igive bedi ewveva, rogorc soflis
mamulebs. 1918 wlis 23 Tebervals sworeT aseTive kanoni gamoica sof
lis mamulebze yidva-gayidvis SeCerebis Sesaxeb da samiode kviris Sem
deg 9 marts gamocxadda kanoni imis Sesaxeb, rom is miwebi mesakuTreebs
CamoerTvaT sruliad usasyidloT, konfiskaciis wesiT. maSasadame, Ta
visTavad cxadia, rom xalxis TvalSi aq aris igive politika, romelsac
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mTavroba awarmoebda soflis mamulebis Sesaxeb, rom es aris pirveli
nabiji droebiTi SezRudvisa da amis Semdgom unda mohyves miwis kon
fiskacia. ar vici mTavrobam gauwia angariSi Tu ara, yvela im Sedegebs
romlebic amas unda mohyves, me vfiqrob, rom ara. am miwebis didi naw
ili, dagiravebuli aris bankebSi da sxvagan, maSasadame bankebs darCe
nil adgilebis gasyidva ar SeuZlian! damgiraveblebi bankebs sesx
is fuls ar gadauxdian, vinaidgan es sakuTreba maT gankargulebaSi
faktiurad aRar iqneba, ise rom finansiurad es gamoiwvevs did arev-
darevas. meore mxriv, qalaqis farglebSi es dabadebs iseTsave apatias,
srul apatias yovelgvar aRmaSeneblobaSi, romelic gamefebuli aris
sasoflo meurneobaSi. TavisTavad cxadia, rom aRar iqneba araviTari
stimuli imisaTvis, rom adamianma qalaqSi aseTi carieli adgilebi
gaaSenos, gaaumjobesos da Tu gvaqvs imedi, rom municipalitetebi
moawyoben muSaobas am cariels miwebze da maT gaaSeneben _ es keTili,
magram samwuxarod aseT imedisTvis jerjerobiT araviTar safuZvels
ar gvaZlevs Cveni axali municipalitetebis moRvaweoba, romelnic ara
Tu axals aRmSeneblobas ver awarmoeben, aramed Zvelad gaSenebulsac
ver uvlian da ver icaven. sazogadoT, unda SevignoT bolos da bolos,
rom eris ekonomiur cxovrebisTvis Zlier saxifaTo aris, aseTi naCqa
revi da mouzomeli eqperimentebis moxdena.
aq amboben, rom es dekreti umTavresad im qalaqebs Seexeba, romel
nic am revoliuciis Semdeg aRmocendneno: samtredias, senaks, surams
da sx. marTlac es qalaqebi erTi aTad gaizarden Tavis sivrciT am
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da zogierTi maTgani am Jamad sivrciT lon
donsac sWarbobs. magram Tqven am dabebis aseTi ara-bunebrivi gaqa
laqebis winaaRmdeg rom yofiliyaviT, arc moxdeboda. Tqveni miwis
dekretis SiSiT mTeli soflebi miekedla qalaqebs da yovel arCev
nebis win mmarTveli partiis presa da agentebi maT arwmunebda, rom
am axlo qalaqebs miwis dekreti ar Seexeboda. exla ukve am soflebis
gaqalaqeba am dekretisaTvis sabuTadac ki mogyavT.
davskvni da vambob, rom es dekreti kidev axali da mavne cda aris
Cvens saagraro politikaSi. Tu mTavrobas surs qalaqis sakuTrebas
Seexos, maSin mTliani kanoni unda SemuSavdes amis Sesaxeb da ganmarte
ba unda miviRoT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogors miznebs isaxavs mTavroba Ta
vis politikiT. droebiTi SezRudva, droebiTi SeCereba am miwebis
sargeblobisa da gadacemisa, _ es Cven migvaCnia metad mavneblad da
miuReblad. mivaqcev Tqven yuradRebas, rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT, im
garemoebas, rom es kanon-proeqti srulad gamocvlili aris, rom mi
wad-moqmedebis saministros kanon-proeqti sul sxva aris da es axali
kanon-proeqti sul sxva, da amitom winadadebas gaZlevT, rom es agra
rul komisias gadaeces gansaxilvelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
kirile niniZe. rigs gareSe sityva aviRe imitom, rom samwuxarod,
baton asaTianis gancxadebaSi erTi Secdoma Seipara, didi Secdoma,
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romelic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: is Txoulobs rom es kanonproeqti
daubrundes komisias im mosazrebiT, rom Secvlili aris ministris
kanon-proeqtSi. me mgonia, rom komisias neba aqvs Sescvalos minis
tris kanon-proeqti. da Tu ministri ar moisurvebs amas sakonfliq
to kiTxva dadgeba. ministri ityvis: „me gadavdgebi samsaxuridan, Tu
kanon-proeqti SescvaleT“-o. aq es mosatani ar aris. iuridiulad me
ar mesmis is komisia, romelsac ar hqondes neba, rom Sescvalos kanoni.
magram aq aris meore didi gaugebroba. samwuxarod aseT gauge
brobis Tavidan acileba b. asaTians SeeZlo. is ambobs, rom agrarul
komisiis kanon-proeqti Sescvala iuridiulma komisiam, da ZiriT
adad Sescvalao. saqme imaSia, rom agrarul komisiis erT sxdomaze,
romelzedac b. asaTiani brZandeboda, marTala gadaswyda, rom kiTxva
gadadebuliyo, raTa gamowveuli yofiliyo ministri moxsenebis ga
sakeTeblad, da asaxsnelad. Semdeg survili gamoiTqva, rom es kiTx
va garCeuli yofiliyo SeerTebul sxdomaze iuridiul komisiis da
agrarul komisiisa. am orma SeerTebul komisiam, iuridiulma da
agrarulma, daadgina da warmoadgina es kanon-proeqti. ise rom ar
vici vis unda daubrundes? sxva agraruli komisia Cven ar gvaqs, da
agrarul komisiam es kanon-proeqti ganixila. b. asaTiani, me mgonia, ar
brZandeboda im sxdomaze, magram, Tu ar vcdebi, icoda, rom am komisiis
sxdoma iyo da uwyeba aravisaTvis ar gagvigzavnia, imisTvis rom iyo
daniSnuli sagangebo kreba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) socialist-federalistTa fraqciis
saxeliT unda gadmogceT Semdegi. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, es
kanoni, ukeT rom vTqvaT dekreti, warmoadgens erT nabijis win ga
dadgmas. Cven davigvianeT kidec am dekretiT da vacxadebT survils,
rom mTavrobam male Semoitanos amis Sesaxeb srul kanon-proeqti. ra
sakvirvelia Cven pirvel muxls am dekretisas veTanxmebiT. Tqven mo
gexsenebaT, rom amierkavkasiis seimma SarSan 7-s marts miiRo kanoni
didad mniSvnelovani, romlis ZaliT akrZaluli iyo mamulebis yid
va-gayidva. dawesda norma miwis-flobelobisa. magram Seicvala es
kanoni, datrialda suni kerZo sakuTrebisa, miwebi unda daurigdes
sakuTrebaT da fasiT. winad principad aRiarebuli iyo sakuTrebis
SezRudva. Cven seimis kanoni ise gvesmoda, rom Semdeg unda SemuSave
buliyo kanon-proeqti, romlis mixedviT syidva-gayidva akrZaluli
iqneboda. saqarTvelos parlamentma xmis umravlesobiT uaryo es
kanon-proeqti. exla Cven mogvevlina meore dekreti, me mgonia rom
swored Zveli gezi aris aRebuli. me mgonia, rom soc.-dem. fraqcia
Zvel gziT ivlis. momxsenebelma mogaxsenaT Tqven aq, rom mainc da
mainc saxe am dekretisa gamorkveuli ar aris, diax, magram Canasaxi
aris. ukve norma miRebulia es erTi desetinaa. ratom erTi desetina?
ara meti, ara naklebi, dasabuTebas ver vxedavT. Tu viRebT dekrets
miwis Sesaxeb, dekreti unda miviRoT saerTod da gamovxatoT ra gvi
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Weria da ra gvinda. Tu vambobT, rom es dekreti Semdeg unda iyos
warmodgenili, kanon-proeqtis saxiT, maSin SeuZlebelia, rom dRes
miviRoT meore muxli. ibadeba gamourkvevloba da TiTqmis pirveli
muxli _ ewinaaRmdegeba meores. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom mWidroT
aris dakavSirebuli sofeli da qalaqi. gancalkeveba maTi SeuZle
belia. urTierT Soris cxovreba ise gadaxlarTulia rom saerTo
interesi moiTxovs maT SekavSirebas. sazogado kanoni yvelasTvis
erTia da kanoni miwis Sesaxeb erTi unda iyos. Cven vimedovnebT,
rom damfuZnebeli kreba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas miaqcevs miwis
kanon-proeqts. rogorc soflad ise qalaqebSi mcxovreblebis umrav
lesobas Seadgens mSromeli xalxi da maTi interesebi Cven unda da
vicvad. swored es interesebi moiTxovs syidva gayidvis akrZalvas.
es unda safuZvlad daedos kanons, es ZiriTadi kiTxvaa da erTxel
da samudamod unda gadaswydes, rom aRar daubrundeT miwis kerZo
sakuTrebas. momxsenebelma ver ganmarta, rogor esmis mas dausaxle
beli miwa, vsTqvaT venaxi, baRi, bostani; eseni romel kategorias
ekuTvnis qalaqebSi, zogi dausaxlebeli miwebi damuSavebuli aris,
zogi dasaxlebuli ise usargeblod hyria. aq detalizacias ver gava
keTebT. da ese swrafad arc saWiroeba moiTxovs. Cven unda vecadoT,
rom mSromel da Seviwroebul xalxs xelidan ar gamoecalos miwa.
amisaTvis sakmarisia, rom zemod aRniSnuli debuleba miviRoT, Cveni
miswrafeba iqiTken aris mimarTuli, rom miwa unda iyos aRiarebuli
xalxis kuTvnilebad es mcneba gardauvalia, amas gverds ver auxvevT.
am safuZvelze unda aSendes miwis kanoni. damfuZnebeli kreba Seecde
ba, rom kanoni miRebuli saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miwis Sesaxeb
gadaSinjuli iqmnes. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom es mwvave sakiTxia, amisda
mixedviT Cven moviTxovT, rom rogorc mTavrobam ise saagraro komi
siam unda SeimuSaon vrceli kanon-proeqti. yovlad SeuZlebelia,
rom dRes SevexoT erT nawils saerTo sakiTxisas, xval meore nawilsa
da sxva. ase danawileba sasicocxlo kiTxvisa mavnebelia. erTi daskv
na unda miviRoT, romelzedac mogaxseneT. Cven viziarebT pirvels
muxls da SeniSvnas, mxolod unda amoiSalos sityva: dausaxlebeli
(kedia „en bloc!“).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) me batonebo, imiT unda daviwyo dRes si
tyva rom zogierTi imedebi gauqarwylo im memarjveneT, romelni
fiqroben, TiTqos axali xana, axali era Seiqmna, gamoicvala is poli
tika, romelic swarmoebda dRevandelamdis parlamentSi da raRaca
gansakuTrebuli movlenebis winaSe vdgevar.
araferi aseTi ar gaxlavT.
dekrets ori martivi, saRi ZiriTadi azri aqvs. erTi is, rom
dausaxlebeli miwebi, romelzedac dRemdis arc qarxnebi, arc saxlebi
ar aris, Seikras; am miwebis yidva-gayidva, droebiT SeCerebuli iqnes.
maSasadame am miwebs raRaca gansakuTrebuli bedi moeliT, romelic
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unda gadaswydes gansakuTrebuli kanoniT. meore kidev is, rom yve
la dasaxlebuli miwebi, romelzedac qarxnebi an saxlebi sdgas, da is
teritoria, romlebic komisiis azriT saWiro aris, rom ekuTvnodes
am saxls, zomiT, erTi desetinamde, rCeba Zveli patronis sruls gan
kargulebaSi. ai es ori azria am kanon-proeqtSi.
aqedan zogierTma iseTi daskvna gamoiyvana, rom es unda daedos
safuZvlad momaval sakanondeblo muSaobaso, e. i. samudamod unda
aikrZalos yidva-gayidva, xolo ar ician ra Sedegebi mohyveba amas.
eserebs rasakvirvelia ecodinebaT, rom amas socialuri revoliucia
ewodeba, magram aseT sakiTxis dayenebas gaurbian. magram me mgonia,
bevrad sjobia, rom aSkarad mkafiod sTqvas kacma is, rac principial
urad saWirod miaCnia, vidre sTqvas farulad da naxevraT morcxvad
gaataros, romelime muxli ZiriTadi debulebisa, romelsac social
izacia ewodeba. marTlac da Tu aReb-micemoba araa, iq vaWroba-mrewv
elobac ar SeiZleba ganviTardes. iq arc kapitalizms aqvs raime
niadagi, da Tu safuZveli gavauqmeT, sjobs, rom Sedegebic gavauqmoT,
vinaidan Sedegi haerSi Camokidebuli ver iarsebebs. es dekreti ki, ro
melic sworeT dekretis saxiT aris Semotanili da ara kanonisa, gan
sazRvrul azrs Seicavs, imas rom dRes dReobiT, droebiT SeCerdes
mxolod cariel miwebis yidva-gayidva, mxolod es, da ai ratom. erTi
imisTvis, rom Cven viciT, rodesac daiwyeben kanonis SemuSavebas da mi
wis beds esa Tu is mimarTuleba miecema, maSin gamoCndebian sxva da sxva
gamoCenili veqilebi, gamoCndebian gansakuTrebulad daxelovnebulni
Txovnebis damwerni da gamoZebnian iseT RonisZiebas, romliTac es mi
webi am bedidan ganTavisufldebian, miwebs daaqucmaceben: gadascemen
Svils, naTesavs, maxlobel nacnobs. es miwebi daiWreba, daqucmacdeba
da, rom kidec moindomos sazogado Zalam raime sazogado miznisTvis
imis moxmareba da gamoyeneba, es yovlad SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Cven es
Zalian kargad viciT. CvenSi es xelobaa, yovelgvari msxvili da wvri
li burJuaziisa da feodalebis da mesakuTrebisa.
ai, batonebo, es iyo mTavari mizezi, rom damfuZnebel krebas
dResve warmoudga dauyovnebliv gasatareblad es winaswari dekreti.
kanonis damuSavebas kidev moundeba ramodenime xani. ori sami Tve, da
manam ki es miwebi am maxinaciebiT ar unda gaiyidos, ar unda gaqarwyl
des. am dekretis azri da mniSvneloba mxoloT es aris.
maSasadame araviTari ZiriTad axal principzed ar aris aq lapa
raki, aq mxolod erTgvari winaswari zoma aris miRebuli, rom moma
vali kanondebloba, mosalodneli reforma qalaqis SigniT mdebare
teritoriis Sesaxeb, iqnes namdvili; realuri mniSvnelobisa da ara
moCveneba, ar darCes qaRaldzed dawerili calieri sityva. ai am
mizniT aris Semotanili dRes es dekreti.
amave mizezebiT, dRes, sanam momavali kanon-proeqti, romelic am
miwis bedis gadamwyveti iqneba, ar Camoyalibebula, Znelia imis Tqma,
Tu mTavroba, ministri, an romelime partia, ra azrisa aris am miwebis
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Taobaze. dRes amis gadaWriT Tqma ar SeiZleba. amis Tqma mxolod im
zogierTs SeuZlian, romelsac ukve aqvT gamorkveuli recepti. ma
gram ramodenadac Cven vicnobT mTavrobas da im partias, romlisganac
warmosdga Cveni mTavroba, igini aseT receptis Sors dganan, maTTvis
saWiro aris jer masalebis mogroveba, maTTvis saWiro aris cnobebis
miReba, maTTvis saWiro aris yovelgvari reformis, yovelgvari
nabijebis Seswavla, gaTvaliswineba misi Sedegebis misi efeqtebis
cxovrebaSi da Semdeg TiTon nabijebis gadadgma ramdenadac es saW
iro iqneba da aucilebeli. amitom winaswar imis gansazRvra, Tu ra
bedi ewveva am miwebs, romelTac dekreti Seexeba, Cven ar SegviZlia.
mosalodneli, rom moxdeba maTi konfiskaciis saxiT, ZaldatanebiT,
ufaso CamorTmeva. es SesaZlebelia. agreTve SesaZlebelia gamosyid
va da gadacema municipalitetebze. an kidev SeiZleba sxva formiT da
mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli es miwebi. mxolod erTi mizani dekretis
aris dResve aSkara da naTeli. es gaxlavT is, rom es cariela miwe
bi, romelic exla uqmaT sdevs, da romlis fasi sistematiurad izr
deba da amdidrebs Tavis patronebs mxolod imitom, rom mesakuTris
saxelwodeba aqvT, es miwebi iqneba gamoyenebuli ara kerZo piris in
teresebisTvis, aramed sazogado interesebisTvis. es Taviseburi uz
runveli zrda qalaqis miwebis fasisa es zrda, SeiZleba TviT qalaqis
moRvaweobiT gamowveuli, magaliTad qalaqis gadidebiT, gamSvenier
ebiT an sxva amisTana RonisZiebiT, da momatebuli fasebi ar gaxdes
sakuTrebaT, romelime kerZo piris, romelsac kerZo mesakuTres
saxeli aqvs, aramed gaxdes kuTvnilebaT mTeli sazogadoebisa, mTe
li qalaqisa, romlis SromiT da Semoqmedebis unariT aris gamowveu
li am qonebis fasis gadideba da zrda. aq unda mivaqcio yuradReba
kidev erT garemoebas. Cven gvaqvs Zveli da axali qalaqebi. CvenSi iyo
agreTve gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba im mxriv, rom, zogierT Zvel
qalaqebs artyiaT garSemo soflebi, romelnic iuridiulad, teri
torialurad qalaqs ekuTvnian, magram arsebiTad soflebs warmoad
genen. aseTia ramdenadac viciT, magaliTad siRnaRi, da is soflebi da
dabebi, romelnic am revoliuciis xanaSi gadaiqcnen qalaqebaT: xaSu
ri _ zestafoni da sxvebi. yvela amas gaTvaliswineba da mxedvelobaSi
miReba unda momaval kanonis damuSavebis dros. gaTanasworeba zogi
erTi qalaqebisa, Tu gind iseT qalaqebisa, rogoric aris Tbilisi,
erTi mxriT, da xaSuri, meore mxriv, SeuZlebelia, da sruliad bune
brivi da advilad SesaZlebelia, rom sul sxva gvari zomebi da sxva
gvari wesebi dasWirdeba am miwebis moxmarebas da gamoyofas am axlad
daarsebul qalaqebSi da maTze mikrul soflebSi, vinem TviT namd
vil qalaqis farglebSi. am mxriv mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa warmosdgeba
Cvens winaSe, iseT sakiTxebisa, romelnic Cven unda avwon-davwonoT.
SeuZlebelia erTi kalmis mosmiT, ase iolad gadawyveta sabolood
am sakiTxebisa. ai magaliTad sofluri xasiaTis warmoeba xSiria axal
qalaqebSi, xSirad misdeven iq soflur meurneobas: xvna Tesvas, simin
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dis moyvanas, venaxis gaSenebas da sxva, Cveulobriv soflis meurneo
bas. amisdamixedviT sul sxva wesi unda iqnes SemuSavebuli aseT qa
laqebisTvis. xolo sadac miwa uzomo rentiT gaZvirebulia, iq kidev
sxva RonisZieba, sxva zomebi iqneba miRebuli.
ai es saWirod mimaCnda, rom exlave gamocxadebuliyo, radgan
bevrs egoneba, rom raki SeCerda qalaqis miwebis yidva-gayidva, am
ieridan yvelas waerTmeva Tavis sakuTari miwa-wyalio. SesaZlebelia
aman gamoiwvios erTgvari ukmayofileba im soflebSi, romelnic qa
laqze arian miwerilni, da isini moisurveben qalaqisTvis Tavis dane
bebas. diax, saWirod migvaCnia exlave gamocxadebuli iqnes es, radga
nac bevrs egoneba, rom raki SeCerda yidva-gayidva, yovelive ispobao,
da SesaZloa aman gamoiwvios erTgvari ukmayofileba im soflebSi,
romlebic qalaqTan arian miwerili da isini moisurveben qalaqebis
dangrevas, aqedan gamoewerebian, an tyuil ubralod aRSfoTdebian
da aReldebian. Cven sruliad ar gvsurs, rom soflis mcxovreblebSi,
Cveni respublikis mcxovreblebSi rac unda mcired iyos maTi ricxvi,
Cven respublikas saerTo mcxovreblebTan, SedarebiT mainc uniadago
da umizno Relva gamoviwvioT da erTgvar sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavag
doT maSin, rodesac aseT sasowarkveTilebisTvis araviTari sabuTi
ar arsebobs.
exla gadavideT meore sakiTxze.
SesaZlebelia iyos vinme, visac ainteresebs arev-dareva, mouwyo
bloba, mouwesrigebloba, magram CvenTvis, vinc vgrZnobT pasuxismge
blobas, visac gvainteresebs Cveni xalxis mdgomareoba misi awmyo da
momavali, CvenTvis imas Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, (xma: miwis ga
yidva?). amitom me gadavdivar meore sakiTxze, romelic exeba qalaqis
dasaxlebul miwebs.
es dekreti ar Seicavs arc normas, arc raime niSans imisas, Tu ra
xasiaTisa iqneba momavali kanoni. igi ambobs mxolod, rom dasaxle
buli mamulebi qalaqSi, aris is, sadac agebulia saxlebi qarxnebi da
sxva Senobebi. magaliTad is Tu miwa aris gaSenebuli, vsTqvaT simindi
aris zed daTesili, an sxva raime aseTi, (gvazava: gaSenebuli?) diax,
Tu aris gaSenebuli, an aqvs Semortymuli Robe, da sxva, Tavis Tavad
cxadia es kidev ar CaiTvleba dasaxlebul miwad. mxolod is mamulebi,
sadac aris, saxlebi qarxnebi da sxva raime warmoeba aris dawyobili,
rCeba maTi patronebis srul gankargulebaSi. SeiZleba maTi yidva-gay
idva, gadacema, dagiraveba da sxv. Cven ganzrax davtoveT es adgilebi
Tavisufali yidva-gayidvis sferoSi. Cven viciT, rom am Jamad, auare
beli Tanxa, gansakuTrebiT saspekuliacio Tanxa trialebs am saxlebis
da qonebis garSemo, da Cven sruliadac ar gvinda, rom es saspekuli
acio Tanxa, es kapitali, puris syidva-gayidvas Seudges, Cven aseTi
ganzraxva ar gvaqvs. aseTi SezRudva am dekretis farglebis imiT aris
gamowveuli, rom auarebeli Tanxa trialebs am sferoSi: zogi yidu
lobs dRes saxlebs, _ xval hyidis, zogi xval yidulobs qarxanas, _ zeg
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hyidis. da es xdeba imitom rom Cven dRes qaRaldis fulis valiuta
gvaqvs da qaRaldis valiutas ar uyvars, ar moswons bankebSi an jibeSi
gaCereba, is mudmivaT trialebs da atrialebs im sagnebs, romlebic
bazarze gamodis, Tu erTi sagani am trialis sferodan gamovdevneT
maSin es Tanxa meore saganze gadava, am meore sagnis garSemo datrial
deba da gaaZvirebs; im sagnebis ricxvSi, romlebic trialis sferoSi
arian moxvedrili, urevia dasaxlebuli miwebic. da Cven roca Tavisu
fali miwebi gamovtoveT am trialis sferodan, maTze akrZalva davade
viT, vxelmZRvanelobdiT im mosazrebiT, romelic TiTon dakvirvebam
mogvca. saxeldobr imiT, rom am miwebis garSemo aseTi yidva-gayidvis
Zlieri spekuliacia dRes ar trialebs. es erTi. meore, da umTavresi,
kidev is aris, rom arc saxlebis aSenebis cieb-cxeleba aris, dRes, da
arc axal qarxnebis gaSenebis cieb-cxeleba aris. da swored unda vTqva,
rom iyos dRes gacxarebuli aSeneba axal qarxnebisa da axal saxlebisa,
SesaZlebelia, rom aseTi kanon-proeqti, aseTi dekreti ar Semogvet
ana aq. diax, advilad Cven ar movisurvebdiT, rom xeli SegveSala am
did SemoqmedebiTi muSaobaSi Tundac kerZo iniciativisaTvis. magram
Cven vxedavT, rom kerZo iniciativa, am sferoSi, arafers ar akeTebs,
momzadebiT _ arafers amzadebs, is mxolod ukve damzadebul saqonel
ze eweva spekuliacias, Sesaqmnels ki arafers ar qmnis dRes. am mxriv
Cveni kapitali gaCerebulia, da Tu Cven gvinda am xaniT, am droiT vis
argebloT imisTvis, rom erTgvari reforma gavataroT mamulebisa, me
mgonia, rom dRes yvelaze mizanSewonili dro aris arCeuli.
ai es gaxlavT, batonebo, meore sabuTi, imis, Tu ratom ar Sevz
RudeT am dekretiT gayidva saxlebis, qarxnebis da im teritoriis,
romelic saWiro aris am saxlebisTvis da uromlisod saxlis datri
aleba, gayidva Zalian Zneli iqneba. Cven gvinda darCes yidva-gayidva,
triali am saxlisa, Senobisa, da amitom es teritoriac am SenobasTan
erTad, am saxlebTan erTad unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli yoveli Sez
Rudvisagan.
ai es Zalian martivi da advilad gasagebi azria warmodgenil
dekretSi da me megona, rom yoveli partia, Tu fraqcia, romelic
moisurvebda am dekretis winaaRmdeg brZolas, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
am martiv azrs gaigebda da ise SeebrZoleboda am dekrets, da ara
Tavis warmodgenas, romelic am dekrets sruliad ar Seefereba.
ai, rogorc, magaliTad, aq deputatma baraTaSvilma sTqva, TiTqos
dekretSi CarTuli iyos axali principi saerTod miwis yidva-gayid
vis akrZalvisa.
Semdeg am dekrets aweria „droebiTi“, da am sityvas me minda mi
vaqcio yuradReba. es sityva bevrs ukargavs saocnebo imedebs. sityva
„droebiTi“ swored imitom aris aq naxmari, rom, Cvenis azriT, aseTi
SeCereba yidva-gayidvis xangrZlivi ar unda iqnes. is unda ganisaz
Rvrebodes ara wlobiT, aramed TveobiT. erTi an ori Tvis ganmav
lobaSi unda davavaloT saministros, rom man Sesaferi kanon-proeq
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ti SeimuSaos da am nairad am miwebis bedis gadawyvetis saSualeba
mogvces. am rigaT am dekretiT miRebuli akrZalva gauqmebul iqne
ba or-sam TveSi. es vada arc iseTi didia, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi
ase vsTqvaT, didi oromtriali dabados. piriqiT ise mcirea es vada,
rom amas araviTari arev-darevis gamowveva ar SeuZlian. amitom Cven
gvgonia, rom es kanon-proeqti miRebuli unda iqmnes. amasTanave Cven
gamovsTqvamT survils da imeds, rom saministro maxlobel dReebSi
SeimuSavebs da warmoadgens kanon-proeqts, rom amnairad es saeWvo
gamxdari bedi Tavisufali da carieli miwebisa gadawyvetili iqmnes
da Tavisufleba mieces am sferoSi yvelas, ama Tu im inciativis ga
moCenisTvis. Cven maSin vnaxavT im pirTa gancxadebis realur mniSvn
elobas, romelnic amboben „Tqven zRudavT kerZo iniciativas, kerZo
pirTa SemoqmedebiTi unars“-o. sami Tvis Semdeg vnaxavT ra niWs, ra
muSaobis niWs gamoiCenen kapitalis patronebi, ra simdidres dabade
ben, rogor daatrialeben Tavis Tanxas mis mqonebelni, da ra Semoq
medebTi unars gamoiCenen isini.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava (er.-dem.). batonebo, me unda mivaqcio Tqveni yur
adReba erT garemoebas, romlisTvisac aqamdisin ar migviqcevia yur
adReba, magram, romelsac, Cemis azriT, Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
aq warmodgenili iyo is azri, rom es kanon-proeqti, romelic exla
aris sagnad Cveni ganxilvisa, Sedegia an mWidrod dakavSirebulia mi
wis reformasTan. amnairad qmnian iseT STabeWdilebas, rom TiTqos
loRikurad Cven valdebulni varT es dekreti miviRoT. aq yuradRe
bas ar aqceven erT garemoebas, imas, rom aq aris dRes damfuZnebeli
kreba. es garemoeba dRes did mniSvnelovani aris. damfuZnebel krebas,
jer ar ganuxilavs is Zveli kanonebi, romelic adre iyo miRebuli;
amitom yovlad SeuZlebelia laparaki imaze, rom TiTqo savaldebu
loa CvenTvis miReba am axal dekretisa. 1917 wels pirvelad amier-ka
vkasiis komisiariatma gamosca agraruli kanoni, mere es kanoni, ga
mocemuli komisiariatis mier, dadasturebuli iyo TiTqmis udavoT
da ulaparakoT erovnul sabWos mier. es warsulSi iyo. amis Semdeg
Cven, batonebo, moviwvieT damfuZnebeli kreba. aqvs raime mniSvneloba
Tu ara damfuZnebel krebas? Tu Cven varT gagrZeleba isev erovnul
sabWoisa, ese igi SemTxveviTi kreba, partiuli kreba da sxva araferi?!
me gTxovT amas unda miaqcioT didi yuradReba, imitom, rom im momen
tidan, rac Cven gavxdiT wevrni damfuZnebeli krebisa, yvela Cvengani
valdebuli aris sul sxvanairad gauwios angariSi yvela movlenas,
yvela Tavis nabijs; Cven ufro unda CaukvirdeT yvela garemoebas,
ufro avswon-davswonoT igi da sindisis qveS gadaswyvitoT esa Tu is
sakiTxi. da Cven vmoqmedobT agre? sruliad ara. momxsenebelma sTqva,
rom es kanoni dakavSirebuli aris Zvel kanonTanao; mere ra? gana val
debuli ar aris damfuZnebeli kreba, gadaaTvalieros yvela miRebuli
kanoni, xelaxlad ganixilos, aswon-daswonos da ise an daadasturos,
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an uaryos, an Seitanos saWiro Sesworebani? me imis Tqma ar minda, rom
usaTuod damfuZnebelma krebam uaryos is kanonebi. ara, SesaZlebelia
miviRoT, magram im kanonis Sesaxeb, romelic adre iyo miRebuli, im
principis Sesaxeb, romelic safuZvlad edva am kanons, Cven araviTari
sja, da kamaTi ar gvqonia, araviTari Sefaseba, da dadgenileba ar ga
mogvitania; Tu TviT principebi ar gangvixilavs, rogor gindaT vi
laparakoT am kanon-proeqtze, romelic mxolod Sedegia an gagZeleba
im principebisa? amas unda ganxilva Tu ara? baton arseniZem sTqva,
Cven ara vCqarobT, Cven unda avwon-davwonoT yvelaferio. batonebo,
„fici mwams da bolo makvirvebs“, sad aris is agraruli kanoni, rome
lic gatarda soflad? aris statistika mis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Sedegebi
mohyva am reformas?! viciT, Tu ra moxda Cven qveyanaSi? (xma: viciT!)
Tu Tqven iciT batono, mogvawodeT yvela cnoba da dawvrilebiT ag
vixseniT. Cven amis Sesaxeb araferi viciT, araviTaris statistika ar
gvaqs. damSvidda qveyana Tu ara? rogor midis ekonomiuri cxovreba?
mogvelis simSili, Tu SeiZleba igi avicdinoT? Cven faqtebidan ki
viciT rom dRes Cven gvSian. (xmauroba) bevri faqtebi da mowmoben, rom
ekonomiur cxovrebaSi arev-dareva didi aris. SesaZlebelia rom amas
hqondes mWidro kavSiri im reformasTan, romelic Tqven gaatareT.
imisTvis, rom daafasoT Tu ra moxda am reformis Semdeg, Cven unda
vicodeT amis Sesaxeb yvelaferi dawvrilebiT, SesaZlebelia, Cveni
qveyana mieqanebodes daRupvisaken da amave dros modian aq, moaqvT
axali dekretebi, da amboben gagrZeleba aris winandel dekretebi
sao. Tu simarTle aris b. arseniZis sityvaSi rom Cven yvelaferi unda
avwon-davwonoTo, me mets arafers viTxov. Tqven xarT damfuZnebeli
kreba, da SegiZlianT yvelaferi daangrioT, magram daangrieT mas Sem
deg, roca yovelisferi awon-dawonili da gaTvaliswinebuli iqne
ba. me ki darwmunebuli var, rom krebis umetes nawils warmodgenac
ara aqvs Tu ra xdeba qveyanaSi am reformis Semdeg. aseTi aCqareba ar
epatieba, ar Seefereba damfuZnebel krebas, Cven Semogvyurebs mTe
li xalxi, da pasuxismgebelni varT xalxis winaSe. wavida is revoli
ucionuri tempi, roca siCqariT unda dagvengria bevri ram. exla aris
damfuZnebeli kreba da gvmarTebs meti sifrTxile da mizan Sewoni
loba. amitom, vinaidan, loRikuri safuZveli engreva Tqven dekrets,
radganac is damyarebulia im reformazed, romlis Sesaxeb Cven jer
msjelobac ki ara gvqonia, yovlad SeuZlebelia am dekretis miReba.
es erTi. garda amisa, batonebo, aq bevrjel iTqva, swored b. arseniZ
es piriT bevrjer-gamoiTqva saRi azri, rom saWiro aris ekonomiuri
aRorZinebao. Zalian kargi, magram kidev vimeoreb, „fici mwams, bolo
makvirvebso“. Tqven erTs ambobT da sul sxvas akeTebT. ra aris saWiro
Tavdapirvelad ekonomiuri aRorZinebisTvis? rac gindaT ilapara
koT, erTs ver dagvimtkicebT. ver dagvimtkicebT, rom saWiro ar iyos
energia pirovnobisa. Tu adamiani xel-Sekruli aris, eWvi ar aris,
rom yovelgvari ekonomiuri ganviTareba mouxerxebelia. umTavresi
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moTxovnileba aris swored Tavisufleba. Tu Tqven hxuTavT Tavisu
fal moqmedebas, muSaobas, warmoebas, _ rogor gnebavT aRorZindes
Cveni qveyana ekonomiurad? marTalia Tqven brZaneT es kanoni droe
biTiao, amiT gvaimedebT magram, batonebo, Tqveni daimedeba magonebs
ukvdav mark tvenis xumrobas, rodesac xma gavrcelda mark tveni mok
vdao, mark tvenma telegrama gagzavna amerikaSi: „xma Cemi sikvdilis
Sesaxeb, Zalian gazviadebuliao“, swored aseTi xasiaTisaa Tqveni nu
geSic. Tqveni kanoni ekonomiuri CamoxrCobaa moqalaqisa da Tqven ki
brZanebT „nu geSiniaT, es droebiTiao!“ Tu CamomaxrCobT, raRa droe
biTia? (xma: riT aris CamoxrCoba?) riT aris CamoxrCoba? nuTu gne
bavT konkretiulad mogaxsenoT? me, vsTqvaT maqvs miwa, gaWirebuli
cxovreba aris, me minda davatrialo, ara marto Cemi energia da is rac
mabadia, minda davagirao. nebas ar maZlevT, minda gavyido, nebas ar
maZlevT. imis nebac ki ar maqvs, rom sxvas gadavsce ijariT, da Tqven
ambobT ar gaxrCobTo. es kanoni xuTavs ekonomiur Zalebs. Tumca aq iyo
laparaki, aravin ar unda SevaSinoTo, magram Cven aseTi azrisa varT,
rom es xalxs daafTxobs. yvelasTvis aSkara aris rom nelnela midix
arT, socialisturi gardaqmnisaken, jer sofelSi CamogvarTviT mam
ulebi axla gadaxvediT qalaqebSi, Semdegi nabiji iqneba konfiskacia
Senobebisa da sxva. Tu amnairad ganagrZeT, ranairi aRorZineba iqneba
Cveni ekonomiuri cxovrebisa? es, ara Tu gaugebaria, aSkara aris, Cven
qveyanas daRupavs, Cven daRupvisaken mivdivarT. exla kidev aqedan
(marcxniv) mesmis: „revoliucia ariso“ batonebo, Tu revoliucia aris
dangreva, Cven aq ra moxeleni varT? (didi xmauroba (Tavmjdomare:
umorCilesad gTxovT, kerZo SekiTxvebs Tavi daanebeT!) batonebo, arc
Tqven brZandebiT didi revoliucionerebi, arc Tqven brZandebiT is
beRurebi, romelic budeebs ikeTeben tyviiT daxvretil barikadebSi.
Tqveni barikadebic aravis unaxavs. revoliucia iyo, marTalia, magram
axla amis Semdeg rac gaixsna damfuZnebeli kreba, amaze laparakic me
tia. damfuZnebel krebas TiTon unda hqondes zedgavlena, TiTon unda
Caayenos cxovreba da misi Zalebi mSvidobian cxovrebis kalapotSi. da
Tu Tqven, wevrebi damfuZnebel krebisa kidev revoliuciaze ilapar
akebT, es sasargeblo ar aris, es moaxdens Zalian cud STabeWdilebas
bevr saxelmwifoebze, romelnic ueWvelia gauweven angariSs Cvens Si
naur politikas, Tu Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba ngrevas Seudga, ekono
miuri cxovrebis ngrevas, me mgonia, saerTaSoriso TvalsazrisiT
(xmauroba) sargeblobas ar mogvitans. amitom Cveni fraqciis saxeliT
vacxadeb, rom es dekreti miuRebeli aris;
garda amisa, aris kidev erTi ZiriTadi sakonstitucio sakiTxi.
Cven unda SevqmnaT konstitucia. ZiriTadi principi yoveli konsti
tuciebisa gaxlavsT swored pirovnebis Tavisufleba. swored kerZo
sakuTrebis principi aris safuZveli Tavisuflebisa, da Tu me miwa
wamarTviT, romelzedac me vdgevar da vmuSaob, Cemi Tavisufleba mo
spobilia (didi xmauroba).
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Tqveni dekreti ewinaaRmdegeba im princips, romelic gatarebu
lia yvela demokratiul konstituciaSi. (xma: burJuaziul konsti
tuciaSi) maCveneT socialisturi sad aris? SeiZleba marsze iyos an
kidev sxva varskvlavze, Tu iqidan xarT mofrenili, gTxovT ise iq war
brZandeT da saqarTvelos ki Tavi daanebeT (sicili). amitom am nabi
jis gadadgma ewinaaRmdegeba Cven ekonomiur da politikur cxovre
bas. swored am mxriv es dekreti iqneba saziano da saSiSi. an uaryaviT
sruliad, an daubruneT komisias mTeli kanon-proeqtis SesamuSaveb
lad. komisiam unda SeimuSaos es kanoni, da warmoadginos mTeli misi
masalebiT axsniT, ganmartebiT, gaSuqebiT, da yvelani davakvirdebiT
da saerTo RoniT, sinidisis qveS, miviRebT im kanons, romelic sa
sargeblo da misaRebi iqneba Cveni qveynisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
kirile niniZe. (momx.) batonebo! aq ori mosazreba wamoayenes: erTi
egreT wodebuli memarjveneebis, xolo meore memarcxeneebis mxriv
(gvazava: eg aris Tqveni koziri!) me Sevexebi memarcxeneebs. isini ambo
ben: Tu sazogadoT CamorTmevaa, ratom ar SeiZleba, rom samudamod
CamoerTvas dausaxlebeli miwebi. es aris erTi debuleba. es gamoa
cxades b. baraTaSvilma da Sengelaiam. Tumca baraTaSvils savsebiT
garkveulad ar uTqvams. man mxolod moiTxova, rom meore muxlidan
amoiSalos sityva „dausaxlebeli“, maSasadame darCes miwa sazoga
dod. magram, me mgoni baraTaSvilma unda icodes, rom momqmed samo
qalaqo kanonebis ZaliT, Senoba iziarebs beds im miwisas, razedac
sdgas, ai aseTia kanoni. (Sengelaia: ukeTesia) es ukeTesiao, brZanebs
b. Sengelaia, SeiZleba es ukeTesi iyos, magram yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven
ar gangvizraxavs jer aseTi socialuri reforma, aseTi socialur
reformis moxdena. agrarulsa da iuridiul komisiaSi, isini idgnen
sul sxva Tvalsazrisze, sxva debulebidan gamodiodnen, rom Cven dRe
vandel wyobilebaSi amas ver vexebiT. es didi sakonstitucio kiTx
va aris. socialistur wyobilebas Tu gamovacxadebT, es damfuZnebel
krebas SeuZlian, magram Cveni agraruli komisia ase farToT ver Seex
eba. Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom Cven vmoqmedobT arsebul kanonmdeblo
bis da arsebul praqtikis mixedviT da Cveni arsebuli kanonmdebloba
da praqtika gveubneba, rom Cven socialistur wyobilebas ar vanxor
cielebT. rom agre iyos, rom vanxorcielebdeT socialistur wyo
bilebas, maSin, Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom yvela miwebze gavavrceleb
diT ara droebiT, aramed samudamod, rogorc Sengelaia brZanebs. ese
igi Cven aukrZalavdiT samudamod yidva-gayidvas, ijariT gacemas,
ese igi movspobdiT kerZo sakuTrebas miwaze da Senobebze. e. i. Cven
movawyobdiT socialistur wyobilebas. es ase vsTqvaT, socialistur
pretenziebs ar exeba, ar gamomdinareobs saerTod Cven muSaobidan.
Tu gadaswydeba es kiTxva, gadaswydeba sxvagan sadme, an gadaswydeba
es quCaSi, an gadaswydeba es damfuZnebel krebaSi, romelic miiRebs am
kanons, da amisdamixedviT vimoqmedebT.
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meore azri, romelic winaaRmdeg midis am kanon-proeqtisa, war
moadgines b. gvazavam da asaTianma. aq erTi seriozuli azri aris!
viTom es proeqti xels Seuwyobs ngrevas sazogadod, ese vsTqvaT,
xels SeuSlis ganviTarebas, da b. asaTianma brZana, mospobs sazoga
dod kerZo iniciativas da arev-darevas gamoiwvevso. me mgoni, rom es
gancxadeba ar emyareba araviTar sabuTs, radganac es proeqti exeba
im miwebs, romelic sruliad carielia, da Tavis Tavad cxadi da naTe
lia, rom es iqneba droebiT, sanam gadawydeba am miwebis bedi. me mgonia
vinc adevnebda Tvalyurs Cven cxovrebas am 4-wlis ganmavlobaSi, yov
el SemTxvevaSi arc erTi kapitalisti mrewveli ar scdilobda, rom
sazogadod raime gaekeTebina, an Senoba aego, amaSi fuls ar imetebda,
(arseniZe: arc gaimetebs!) SeiZleba arc gaimetos, maSasadame cxadia,
rom am erTi ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, yovlad SeuZlebelia movelo
deT, rom am niadagze ayvavdes, aRorZindes fabrikebi, qarxnebi, sax
lebi da sxva. piriqiT Cven vfiqrobT, radganac dRes kerZo iniciativa
ar iCens moqmedebis unars, es, rasakvirvelia garemoebis bralia, arc
kapitalistebis bralia, me amas ar vambob, Cven ar dagviwyvia saer
TaSoriso omi, Cven ar gamogviwvevia is, rac moxda, Cven ar mogvixde
nia es, arc baton Sengelaias (xma: fatalisti) yovel SemTxvevaSi arc
Tqven mogixdeniaT (xmauroba) (Tavmjdomaris zari) am arev-darevis
xanaSi, rodesac kerZo mwarmoebelni, kapitalisti fulis patroni ar
iCenda SemoqmedebiTi unars, SeuZlebelia, rom meti SemoqmedebiTi
unari exla gamoiCinos. TiTon sazogadoebas, am SemTxvevaSi, me mgo
ni Cven unda mivceT amis saSualeba, an Cven municipalitetebs, an Cven
erobebs; TiTon saxelmwifomac unda daiwyos. ase rom, es sruliad ar
aris dangrevis xelis Sewyoba, piriqiT Cveni mecadineoba mimarTu
lia iqiTken, rom avlagmoT, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, is batonebi,
romelTac SeZleba aqvT, magram, rogorc aq ganacxades, am SeZlebiT
sargebloben sul sxva miznisTvis da ar qmnian arafers, aramed atri
aleben am fuls, am Tanxas, da qmnian erTgvar spekuliacias. da Tu b.
gvazavas hgonia, rom es SezRudva spekuliaciisa, ramdenadac es Ses
aZlebelia, aris pirovnebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa, es me mgoni me
tad ganyenebuli Teoria unda iyos, es imitom rom maSin Cven mivdivarT
ukiduresobamdis. es ukiduresoba me mesmis, rodesac mas anarqistebi
amboben, isini uaryofen yovelgvar SezRudvas. magram rodesac amas
ambobs, b. gvazava, romlis programa sul sxva aris, me ver gamigia aseT
ukidures Tavisuflebas, rogor uWers mxars. b. gvazava, ufro Sors
midis, is ise laparakobs, TiTqos Cveni qveyana erTgvari tabula rasa
iyos carieli dafa, razedac araviTari kanonebi ar sweria. amitom
mas Zalian ukvirs, rodesac me ganvacxade, rom am dekrets damok
idebuleba aqvs agrarul kanonmdeblobasTan, imas ki hgonia, rom ar
aviTari damokidebuleba ara aqvs, imitom, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
aris. magram damfuZnebeli kreba ar Segvigrovia imisTvis, rom gamo
acxados sruli anarqia, rom eTqvas, araviTari kanoni ar arsebobs,
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sanam Cven ar gamovcemTo, eseTi araferi ar uTqvams. damfuZnebel
krebam sTqva, mas SeuZlian Sescvalos kanon-proeqti. ai magaliTad,
rodesac gvazava warmoadgens iseT kanon-proeqts, romelic Secvlis
am agrarul kanonebs, romelic arsebobs, an sxva raime saSualebas
mogvcems, maSin sxvaa. magram dRes rogor SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom
damfuZnebeli kreba aris da amitom araviTari kanoni ar aris. ara ba
tonebo, yovelive kanoni, sanam is ar uargviyvia, ar mogvispia, manam
dis Cven am kanonebiT vcxovrobT, aqedan cxadia rom es kanonic unda
gaviTvaliswinoT. am dekretis mixedviT, ras vakeTebT? kidev erTi
kiTxva aris. rogorc b. gvazava brZanebs: miixedeT ukan Tu ra mogvi
tana agrarul kanonmao, ra gakeTda, ra Sedegebi miviReTo. me mgonia,
rom erTi ram cxadia _ is, rom Cven gvqonda ajanyeba sofelSi, TianeT
Si, duSeTis mazraSi, dRes ki ajanyeba ar aris. dRes Cveni glexoba
miwiT sargeblobs, (xmauroba) glexi, diax, dRes mowyobili aris da
maZRari. Tu TqvenTvis es araferi ar aris, Tu Tqven girCevniaT, rom
marto Tavadebi iyvnen kmayofilni (gvazava: demagogia aris) es sul
sxvaa. (gvazava: statistika?) (Tavmjdomare: gTxovT nu laparakobT.
(gvazava: cifrebi mogveciT, rom vicodeT raSia saqme.) agrarul komi
siaSi mibrZandiT da cifrebs miiRebT, mibrZandiT saministroSi da
iq miiRebT cifrebs. aq ki amisaTvis cifrebi ar Segvikrebia. me mgo
nia, rom yvela moqalaqem unda icodes gazeTebidan, cxovrebidan, rom
aRar aqvs adgili arev-darevas da ajanyebas, rogorc SarSan, sanam
agraruli kanoni ar gvqonda gamocemuli. ai me mgonia dadebiTi mx
are es aris. exla saerTod me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti droe
biTi imitom aris, rom unda gamoices axali kanoni. axali kanoni rom
gvqondes mzaT, ukve dawerili _ maSin miviRebdiT da Tavis Tavad cxa
dia, maSin am droebiTi kanonSi saWiroeba ar iqneboda. magram es aris
winaswari zoma gatarebuli, imitom rom swored es kanon-proeqti
roca gamoicema, ar iyos haerSi Camokiduli misi ganxorcieleba. gar
da imisa, rom rodesac xeluxlebeli rCeba Senobebi da erTi desiati
na TavisTavad cxadia, rom aravin SezRuduli ar iqneba Tu is rames
akeTebs, da is miwebi rom iyos umoZraoT, amas araviTari mosazreba
ar moiTxovs. amitom SemovitaneT es dekreti.
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gamosarkvevad da am SeerTebul krebaze ki kanonproeqti arsebiTad
Seicvala da amis Semdeg saagraro komisias ar ganuxilavs es arsebiTi
cvlilebebi, _ Secvlili kanon-proeqti gadaeces agrarul komisias
gansaxilvelad“.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri winadadebas. vin aris momxre wina
dadebis? vin aris winaaRmdegi? didi umravleoba winaRmdegia. maSa
sadame winadadeba uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? vin aris
winaaRmdeg? Tavi vin Seikava? (asaTiani: qvorumi ar aris _ gTxovT
dasTvaloT ramdenia. (qvorumi sdgeba) winadadeba miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
m u x l o b r i v i g a n x i l v a.
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Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
exla neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT damateba social-demokratiul fraqci
isa. (kiTxulobs) dekreti es ZalaSi Sedis dRidan damfuZnebel krebis
mier miRebisa.
vin aris momxre, rom muxli damatebiTi miviRoT? vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? Tavi vin Seikava? maSasadame meore muxli damatebiT aris
miRebuli.
exla kenWs uyri dekrets mTlianad. vin aris momxre? vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? (winaaRmdegia marto _ asaTiani). vin Seikava Tavi. es kanoni
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
meore kanon-proeqti. sityva ekuTvnis WiabriSvils.
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lesoba warmoadgenda tomiT ara qarTvelebs, ar SeeZloT gaerovnebis
Semdeg saqme ewarmoebinaT, isini daTxovnili unda yofiliyvnen, ara
marto samsaxuridan, aramed Seiqmna iseTi pirobebi, rodesac es pirni
iZulebulni iyvnen daetovnebinaT respublikis sazRvrebi radganac
ar SeeZloT saTanado samsaxuris Sovna TavianT ojaxebis Sesanaxad.
aseTi pirobebi iyo miRebuli mxedvelobaSi, rodesac icvleboda
kanoni droebiTi mTavrobis mier miRebuli. marTalia maSin mcirdeba
normebi SedarebiT ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis mier SemuSavebul
kanonis aseTi mosamsaxureTa dasajildoveblaT, mcirdeba imitom
rom, rogorc mogaxseneT, Cveni dacarielebuli xazina Zalian bevr
xarjebs iRebda ruseTis dawesebulebebisTvis, mas ar hqonda SeZleba
rom am mxriv kidev ewarmoebina aseTi farTo dajildoveba am likvi
daciis dros.
agreTve mxedvelobaSi miiRo parlamentma is garemoeba, rom aseT
mZime pirobebSi vardebodnen mosamsaxureebi, amitom man Seitana es
kanon-proeqti da Sescvala es muxli, romelic SedarebiT SeZlebas
aZlevda, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia Seemsubuqebina mosamsaxureebis
mdgomareoba, ra Tqma unda patara SeZlebas, magram mainc yovel SemTx
vevaSi aZlevda, rom maT moexerxebinaT wasvla saqarTvelos sazRvre
bidan. am mizniT iyo miRebuli maSin eseTi normebi, sadac erTi Tvis
muSaobisTvis aZlevdnen erTi Tvis jamagirs, mxolod eqvsi Tvis zeviT
Tu imsaxurebda, romelime dawesebulebaSi, erT wlamdis eZleoda Tve
nexevris jamagiri, da weliwadze meti _ ori Tvisa.
magram imave dros arsebobda Cven respublikaSi meore norma. es
norma gaxldaT momrigebel kameris muSebisaTvis, romelic Sedare
biT mcire iyo. am rigaT erTgvari uTanasworoba rCebao da sxva da
sxva moqalaqeebisa, isini iyofodnen xarisxaT. erTi mosamsaxureebi da
meore muSebi. mosamsaxureebi am SemTxvevaSi ukeTes pirobebSi iyvnen
vidre muSebi, magram rogorc mogexsenebaT, es gazrax iyo daSvebuli,
radganac is mdgomareoba, romelic gamowveuli iyo gaerovnebiT Cvens
dawesebulebebSi da amasTan dakavSirebulia masiuri daTxovna am mo
samsaxureebisa. es iyo mxedvelobaSi miRebuli da ganzrax iyo aseTi
upiratesoba am mosamsaxureebis likvidaciis dros daSvebuli.
Cven viciT exla, rom SeiZleba savsebiT ar aris damTavrebuli
gaerovnebis saqme, magram umTavresi saqme TiTqmis gaTavebuli aris.
mcireoden gamoklebiT TiTqmis. yvela dawesebulebebi gaerovnebuli
arian, da masiur daTxovnas am niadagze ukve CvenSi dRes adgili ara
aqvs. Tu exla moxdeba raime Semcireba mosamsaxureebis Statebisa, an
da moxdeba daxurva raime dawesebulebisa savsebiT aq aRar aris iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom mosamsaxureni iZulebulni iyvnen wavidnen sxvagan
Cven sazRvrebis gareSe, TavianT adgilis saZebnelad, radganac aq ver
iSovnian adgilebs, rom isini ver awarmoeben, ver ipovnian saimiso
muSaobas. iseT pirobebSi aRar arian. rCebian iseve aq da advilad Seu
ZlianT iSovnon adgili, radganac Cven ukve vgrZnobT, vxedavT, viciT
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rom xSirad saqmis mcodne mosamsaxures axal dawesebulebebSi, eroba
Si da sxvagan, piriqiT itaceben.
amitom Cven gvgonia, rom saWiro aris Secvlili iyos is muxli
kanonisa, romelic parlamentis mier iyo miRebuli 5 ivniss, romelic
aZlevda am saxelmwifos dawesebulebebis mosamsaxureebs upirateso
bas. aseTi winadadeba Semoaqvs Sromis saministros, es winadadeba
ukve safinanso sabiujeto komisiis mier iyo miRebuli ucvlelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi rom
gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli
muxli.
muxlobrivi ganxilva.
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vceT, magram Cven, am Jamad, sruliad ar gamovdivarT, da ar gvindoda
gamovsuliyaviT aseT sakonstitucio magaliTidan.
Cven gvgonia, rom, saqme gvaqs demokratiul wes-wyobilebasTan,
sadac damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc suverenuli gamomxatveli xalx
is suverenul neba-uflebisa, aris erTad erTi kanonmdebeli Zala. ma
Sasadame sxva rame dawesebulebis da organos monawileobaze kanon
mdeblobaSi laparakic ki zedmetia. erTad erTi kanonmdebeli Zala
gaxlavT damfuZnebeli kreba. da yovelive is, rac mowonebulia dam
fuZnebel krebisagan _ ukve amiT iRebs savaldebulo xasiaTs mTel
respublikisaTvis. es xdeba mTeli xalxis saxeliT, mTel xalxis suv
erenul uflebis ZaliT.
es aris saerTo debuleba. amis gamo TiTon wesi gamoqveynebisa sxva
da sxva piris xelis moweriT da sxva, iqceva, xdeba ara kanonmdeblo
bis aqtaT aramed ubralod formalobis Sesrulebad, texnikis saqmeT,
romelic unda win uZRodes gamoqveynebas kanonisas, ese igi imas, rasac
damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs, moiwonebs da daadasturebs. namdvili
kanonmdebloba, SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba sruldeba, Tavdeba damfuZneb
el krebis darbazSi. is aqti, romelsac adgili aqvs amis gareSe, aris
mxolod Sesruleba formalobisa, mas SeiZleba mivceT sxva mniSvnelo
ba, magram ar SegviZlian mivceT mniSvneloba kanonmdeblobaSi monaw
ileobisa, an kanonmdeblobis Sinaarsze raime gavlenis moxdenisa.
ai aseTi gaxlavT saerTo debuleba. radganac es debuleba gaiziara
komisiam, romelmac warmoadgina Tqven winaSe proeqti, am proeqts
ewoda wesi da ara dekreti, kanonproeqti an sxva ram. aq aris mxolod
wesi, rusebi ityvian „pravilo“, am gamoqveynebisa, ese igi is texniku
ri gza, romelic unda gaiaros kanonma, mas Semdeg roca is miRebu
lia damfuZnebel krebis mier, rom is gamoqveynebuli iqnes. ai es aris
mTavari debuleba, mTavari azri, romelmac misca saxeli, saTauri
aq warmodgenil winadadebas. Cven visargebleT im garemoebiT, rom
Cven gvqonda ukve kanoni kanonTa gamoqveynebisa, miRebuli jer kidev
erovnul sabWos mier, romelsac vgoneb ukve parlamenti ewodeboda
maSin, 11 oqtombers 1918 wels. am kanonis ZaliT gamoqveyneba yovel
gvar kanonebisa evaleboda mTavrobas, romelsac igi unda dauyovneb
liv moeTavsebina kanonebis da mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebulSi,
mxolod am krebulis daarsebamde oficialur organo „saqarTvelos
respublikaSi“, aseTi iyo debuleba im kanonisa, romeliTac xelZRvane
lobda parlamenti. Cven saWiroT miviCnieT, rom es forma, es saxe gamo
qveynebisa darCeniliyo ara marto kanonebisaTvis, aramed damfuZneb
el krebis yovel gvar dadgenilebisaTvis, romelsac is miiRebs e. i.
mis yovel gvar daskvnisaTvis, romelsac is kamaTis Semdeg gamoitans
ama Tu im saxiT, iqneba es daskvna kanonis, dekretis, ubralo dadge
nilebis, Tu gadasvlis formulis saxiT, iqneba es rezoliucia Tu sxva
rame. yvela is daskvna, romelsac gaakeTebs ama Tu im kamaTis Semdeg
damfuZnebeli kreba, unda moTavsebuli iyos kanonTa da mTavrobis
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gankargulebaTa krebulSi. mizezi amisa gaxlavT is, rom damfuZnebe
li kreba imave dros gankargulebebis gamomcemelic aris, aRmasrule
bebli Zalis moqmedebebSic ereva da sxva. cxadia, am mxriv igi mTav
robasac warmoadgens, aRmasrulebeli Zalac aris, da xSirad moxdeba,
rom igi pirdapir uSuamavlod miiRebs monawileobas aRmasrulebel
Zalis muSaobaSi, SemoqmedebaSi. cxadia misi ama Tu im xasiaTis dad
genileba unda iqnes gamoqveynebuli iq, sadac am gvar xasiaTis dadge
nilebis, instruqciis Tu gankargulebis dabeWvda swarmoebs. Semdeg
aRiZra ubralo sakiTxi, texnikuri sakiTxi; vin unda moaweros xeli
da gamoaqveynos es daskvnebi, mTavrobam Tu pirdapir damfuZnebelma
krebam? Cven miviReT, rom gamoqveyneba aris valdebuleba mTavrobisa.
rasakvirvelia, ar gamouwvevia dava im garemoebas, rom yvela dad
genilebaze damfuZnebeli krebisa unda moaweros xeli prezidiumis
wevrma. es iyo udavo. komisiaSi mcireodeni kamaTi gamoiwvia iman, mdi
vanmac unda moaweros xeli, Tu sakmarisia Tavmjdomaris xelis mow
era. komisiam daadgina, rom Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera yvela dadge
nilebis qveS sruliad sakmarisia, imis dasamowmeblad, rom esa Tu is
kanoni marTla ama Tu am formiT aris miRebuli damfuZnebeli krebis
mier. xelis mowera, am SemTxvevaSi, mxolod damowmeba aris imisa, rom
xelmowerili aqti marTlac Seefereba sinamdviles, rom marTla am
aqts hqonda adgili. rogorc yovel krebaze, aqac amas adaturebs Tav
mjdomare Cveni sxdomebisa.
Semdeg daibada meore sakiTxi: aris Tu ara saWiro mTavrobis Tav
mjdomaremac moaweros xeli? azris gacvla gamocvlis da kamaTis Sem
deg, komisia erTxmad daadga am azrs, rom saWiroa da aucilebelic,
rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem xeli moaweros kanonebis da dekretebis
qveS da ara im dadgenilebebs, romelTac gankargulebis xasiaTi aqvs
da romelnic Seicaven pirdapir Carevas ama Tu im aRmasrulebel Za
lis muSaobaSi. es ukanaskneli ar moiTxovs Tavmjdomaris xelis mow
eras. am gvaraT mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier saWiro aris xelis
mowera im gvar proeqtebze, romelnic Seicaven erTgvar iuridiul
normebs. Cven vfiqrobT, rom kanoni aris iuridiuli norma, dekret
ic umravles SemTxvevaSi Seicavs iuridiul normas, Tumca droebiTis
xasiaTis, maSin, rodesac dadgenilebas iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aqvs aseTi
xasiaTi. Cveulebriv ki dadgenilebas eqneba gankargulebis xasiaTi, an
dawuneba-mowonebis xasiaTi da ara kanonmdeblobiTi, amitom am dad
genilebaze xelis mowera mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier Cven zedme
tad migvaCnia. miT umetes, rom SesaZlebelia, xSirad es Seexos TviT
mTavrobis kabineTs. aviRoT magaliTad is dadgenilebani, romliTac
iwoneben, an afaseben ama Tu im moqmedebas. es Seexeba maSin TviTon Tav
mjdomaresac da mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera aseT dadge
nilebaze SeuZlebelia, zedmetia. SeiZleba agreTve iyos iseTi dadge
nilebac, romelnic mTavrobas sruliad ar Seexeba. ai, magaliTad Cven
miviReT dadgenileba komisiis Sesaxeb, rom komisiebma airCion mcire
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komisiebi. es aris sfero damfuZnebel krebis sakuTari muSaobisa da
amaze aRmasrulebel Zalis xelmowera zedmetia. danarCenSi ki, iq, sa
dac aRmasrulebeli Zala valdebulia Cveni SemuSavebuli kanonebi da
dekretebi cxovrebaSi gaataros, ganaxorcielos, komisias saWirod
miaCnia mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelismowera. am xelis moweras ar
aqvs iseTi mniSvneloba, TiTqos amiT mTavrobis Tavmjdomare mTavro
bis saxeliT iRebdes monawileobas TiTon kanonmdeblobaSi. amas aqvs
mxolod erTi mniSvneloba, is, rom aq aris erTi mTliani moqmedeba,
rogorc kanonmdeblobiTi ise aRmasrulebel Zalisa, aq aris sruli
Tanxmoba orive elementisa, im mTavrobisa, romelic aris aRWurvili
damfuZnebel krebis ndobiT da TviT damfuZnebel krebisa, romelic
kanonmdeblobiTi muSaobas awarmoebs. meores mxriv es aris erTgvari
valdebuloba, rom aRmasrulebelma Zalam miiRo esa Tu is kanoni, esa
Tu is dekreti asasruleblad, da valdebulia dauyonebliv cxovre
baSi gaataros, da mis gatarebaSi pasuxic agos. ai aseTi mniSvneloba
aqvs Tavmjdomaris xelismoweras. kidev erTi mniSvneloba aqvs amas.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare im konstruqciiT, im praqtikiT, romelic mi
viReT damfuZnebel krebaSi, aris umaRlesi warmomadgeneli respub
likisa. maSin vlaparakobdiT, rom es aris, ase vTqvaT, _ mTeli Cveni
respublikis erT personaSi ganmaxorcielebeli, esaa Cveni warmomad
geneli. is ufleba, romelic saerTod aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, ro
gorc warmomadgenlobis matarebels, Cven gadaveciT am erT pirs, Cven
mier arCeuls, da Cven gvgonia rom imis xelis mowera niSnavs imas, rom
is piri, romelsac Cven mivandeT am mTlianobis gamoxatva, rogorc aR
masrulebeli Zala, savsebiT emorCileba da eqvemdebareba am kanonebis
asrulebas da cxovrebaSi gatarebas. ai am mxriv aqvs mniSvneloba
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis moweras.
meore ufro praqtikuli mniSvneloba Tu gnebavT xelis mowerisa,
es iqneba is, rom xalxSi gamtkicebulia erTgvari idea imisa, rom mTav
roba moqmedebs, monawileobas iRebs kanonis gamocemaSi, Tvalyurs
adevnebs yvelafers, rac xdeba mis garSemo, da yovelive moqmedeba da
muSaoba mis gankargulebis qveS unda iyos asrulebuli da gatarebu
li. dRevandel arev-darevis xanaSi amas aqvs mniSvneloba, imitom rom,
Tu raime aris susti dRes am sazogadoebriv ryevis xanaSi, _ es aris
mTavroba da mTavrobis aparati; da mis gamagrebas aqvs didi mniSvn
eloba. es xelis mowera ki sistematiuri gaxsenebaa imisa, rom roca
Tqven kiTxulobT kanonebs im umaRles dawesebulebisa, romelic mTe
li xalxis saxeliT laparakobs, amave dros Tqven xedavT, rom mTavro
ba aris gamomcemeli im kanonebisa, rogorc aRmasrulebeli Zala. ai es
mudmivi gaxseneba mgonia dRes zedmeti ar iqneba CvenSi.
yvela am mosazrebis gamo, komisia daadga im daskvnas, rom mTav
robis Tavmjdomarem unda moaweros xeli, yvela im dekrets, da kan
ons, romelsac moiwonebs damfuZnebeli kreba da miiRebs. ai es aris
mokleT azri im wesisa, romelic warmodgenilia Tqvens winaSe. erTi
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kidev unda daumato: am wess ara aqvs, rasakvirvelia, mniSvneloba
mudmivi xasiaTisa, igi exeba mxolod damfuZnebel krebas, da Seicavs
wess damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebis, dekretebis, kanonebis gamo
qveynebisas da sxva arafers. rogor imoqmedebs momavalSi parlamenti,
an rogori iqneba konstitucionuri wesi, kanonTa gamoqveynebis, Cven
dRes ar SegviZlian ganvsazRvroT. amasTanave es wesi SeTanxmebulia
im reformasTan, romelic Cven miviReT da romliTac mTavrobis Tavm
jdomare aris arCeuli damfuZnebel krebis mier, da yvela danarCeni
wevrebi kabineTSi arian misgan mowveuli da erTgvari pasuxis mgeblo
bis matarebeli Cvens winaSe. es Tu gnebavT originalobaa, vinaidan me
ar vici arc erTi respublika, sadac arsebobdes mTavrobis Sedgenis
aseTi wesi, rogorc aris Cven mier miRebuli. ai am wess Seefereba da
eTanxmeba loRikurad es wesi kanonis gamoqveynebisa. amitom Cven saW
irod davinaxeT, rom eseTi wesi da Cveni praqtikul moqmedeba erTma
neTTan loRikurad dakavSirebuli da miRebuli yofiliyo damfuZne
beli krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) roca varCevT sakiTxs umTavresi yuradRe
ba unda mivaqcioT ara saTaurs, aramed Sinaarss. Tumca sweria „wesi“,
magram rodesac waikiTxavT muxlobriv, Tqven mixvalT im daskvnamdis,
rom swored es aris kanon-proeqti.
yovel kanon-proeqts ori mxare aqvs: Sinaarsi da forma. momxsen
ebeli marTalia da Cven veTanxmebiT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aris
warmomadgeneli xalxisa da kanonmdeblobiTi ufleba martoka mis xe
lSia. magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom sakmari ar aris, rom Tqven miiRebT
kanon-proeqts. mas kidev unda misceT Zala da cxovrebaSi gaataroT.
amisTvis saWiroa kidev formaluri mxare. Sinaarsi unda Camoyalib
des formaSi. rodis xdeba kanoni kanonad? pirveli muxlidan im kanon
proeqtisa sCans rom kanons unda moaweros xeli Cvenma Tavmjdomarem.
Cveni nebis gamomxatvelia Cveni Tavmjdomare, igi iRebs monawileo
bas, rogorc kanonis SemuSavebaSi, ise mis gadawyvetaSi. kanons unda
moaweros xeli Tavmjdomarem, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis warmo
madgenelma. es mxare kanonisa aucilebelia. uamisod kanoni ar xdeba
kanonad. Semdgom kanoni cxaddeba mTavrobis sayuradRebod da aRsas
ruleblad igi unda ganxorcieldes. am kanons veravin ver Seayenebs.
mTavroba ver SeaCerebs am kanonis gamoqveynebas. kanoni ZalaSi Sedis
Tundac mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris winaaRmdeg. maSasadame kanonma rom
kanonis saxe miiRos da Tavisi Zala hqondes, _ sakmarisia xelismowera
martoka Cveni Tavmjdomarisa. amis Semdeg Tqven gkiTxvaT rad gvinda
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera?
Cven rom gavecnoT zogierTi qveynebis kanonmdeblobas, davinax
amT, rom kanonmdeblobaSi iRebs monawileobas mTavrobis warmomad
geneli. safrangeTis konstituciiT aucilebelia kanonze preziden
tis xelis mowera, maSin kanoni Sedis ZalaSi. swored am Cven kanons
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Tqven iseTive Tvisebebs akuTvnebT. ganmartebas momxseneblisas aravin
ar kiTxulobs. ganmarteba ganmartebis saxiT rCeba, kanoni kanonad. me
meSinian, rom arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar miiRos meore muxlma, rom xelis
mowera mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisa aris gamoxatva misi nebisyofisa, Tu
es aris erTgvari wesi, meqanikuri wesi kanonTa gamocxadebisa. kanon
proeqti aRniSnuli unda iyos calke muxlad da Tu meore muxli ucv
lelad darCeba, maSin gamomdinareobs, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
swored kanonmdeblobaSi Tavis xelis moweriT iRebs monawileobas.
maSasadame, aq arc texnikuri da arc meqanikuri wesis sakiTxia.
kiTxva ufro Rrmad aris dasmuli. damfuZnebelma krebam mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare gamoacxada umRles warmomadgenlad, am umaRlesma war
momadgenelma unda moaweros xeli, upirvelesad unda iTqvas, rom
es umaRlesi warmomadgeneli ras niSnavs, ra Sinaarsi mosdevs im si
tyvas, jer-jerobiT CvenTvis CvenTvis gamourkvevelia. ra uflebiT
aris aRWurvili mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, ar viciT. momxsenebeli amt
kicebs, rom umaRlesma warmomadgenelma unda moaweros xeli. aqedan
is daskvna SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT, rom igi iRebs monawileobas kanon
mdeblobaSi, risic Cven winaaRmdegi varT yoveli Cveni arsebiT, Cve
ni fraqciis azriT mTavroba martoka aris aRmasrulebeli Zala, da
rogorc aseTma, unda miiRos kanoni da cxovrebaSi gaataros, imisda
miuxedavad, moswons Tu ar moswons, eTanxmeba Tu ar eTanxmeba. amer
ikaSi, magaliTad, prezidents, Tu ar eTanxmeba kanons, SeuZlian Ta
vis vetoTi SeaCeros kanonis moqmedeba. uzenaesi, kanonmdeblobiTi
uflebebi aqvs martoka damfuZnebel krebas, da aravis neba ar aqvs misi
kanonebi SeaCeros da Seaferxos, Cvenis azriT saWiroeba ar moiTxovs,
rom kanonebi iyos xelmowerili mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier, imi
tom meore muxli am kanon-proeqtisa unda amoiSalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs nucubiZes.
ilia nucubiZe (s.-r.) damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! Tumca Cveni
xma darCeba xmaT mRaRadebelisa udabnosa Sina, magaram mainc valdeb
ulaT vsTvliT Cven Tavs kategoriulaT ganvacxadoT, rom es proeq
ti yovlad miuRebelia im saxiT, rogorc warmodgenlia, radganac es
proeqti zRudavs damfuZnebel krebis suverenul uflebas. damfuZne
beli kreba, rogorc viciT, ar emorCileba araviTar tradicias, TviT
qmnis tradicias. damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc aseTi, aris dasabami
da dasasruli, is aris uzenaesi warmomadgeneli xalxisa da amitom
mxolod da mxolod damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomares unda hqondes
ufleba kanonebis xelis mowerisa. damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis praq
tikaSi TandaTan gvepareba iseTi elementebi, romlebsac mivyavarT
damfuZnebeli krebis suverenobis SezRudvisaken. pirvelad _ dam
fuZnebeli krebis mier respublikis uznaesi warmomadgenlis arCeviT
Seiqmna ori uzenaesi warmomadgeneli _ damfuZnebeli kreba da mTav
robis Tavmjdomare. Cveni fraqciisaTvis es iseTive gaugebari da mi
uRebeli iyo, rogorc gaugebeli da miuRebelia, exla rom kanonebs
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xels awerdes mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. aseTi movlena me magonebs erT
alags RvTis metyvelebidan (xmauroba). RmerTi aris erTi, magram sam
pirovani, _ gvaswavlis ukanaskneli. samive piri aris yovlis SemZle,
yvelganmyofi, Tanaswori, magram imave dros aris mainc da mainc erTi
RmerTi (xmauroba) es moZRvreba gaugebari da mouRebelia glexebi
saTvis, magram RvTis metyveleba gveubneba _ gaugebaria gonebisaTvis,
magram rwmeniT unda moiRoTo. sworeT ase aris aqac. gonebisaTvis
gaugebelia rom ori uzenaesi warmomadgeneli gvyavdes erTsa da imave
dros _ respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da damfuZnebeli kreba.
magram Cven gveubnebian _ endeT aseT wess, aseT garemoebas. imitom rom
demokratiuli weswyobilebaao. rodesac ZiriTad kanonebs vqmniT da
Cvenis azriT es ZiriTadi sakiTxia, Cven unda vxelmZRvanelobdeT ara
momentiT, aramed ZiriTadi mosazrebiT. Tqven gsurT rwmenaze aaSe
noT Tqveni sakanonmdeblo moRvaweoba, Cven ki gonebaze (l. naTaZe _
RvTis metyvelebaze!) diax, Tqven RvTis metyvelebaze aSenebT Tqven
muSaobas.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT RvTis metyvelebas Tavi daaneboT!
nucubiZe. b-n momxsenebels surda daemtkicebina, rom kanonebze
mTavrobis Tavmjdomris xelis mowera aucilebliv saWiroa da daamt
kica ki sul sawinaaRmdego. swored im garemoebas, romel garemoebi
sac Cven gveSinoda, gausva xazi. man sTqva, rom am wess aqvs erTgvari
politikuri mniSvneloba, e. i. rodesac mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
moawers xels, Seiqmneba erTnairi fsixologia xalxSi, xalxi SeeCve
va mas, rom Cven gvyvavs Zlieri mTavroba. aseTi garemoeba, Cvenis az
riT, metaT saxifaToa. xalxi SeeCveva im azrs, rom Cveni mTavroba aris
kanonmdebeli. Cveni movaleoba kia gavagebioT xalxs da SevaCvioT is
im azrs, rom mTavroba aris aRmasrulebeli kanonis da ara kanonmde
beli. yovlad miuRebelia rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare awerdes xels
kanonebs da amitom winaaRmdegi varT eseTi wesis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis b. p. sayvareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! damfuZnebel krebis wevri b.
TevzaZe ambobs rom es SezRudva aris, rom sazogadod Cven mivdivarT
SezRudvisaken.
Tavmjdomare. ukacraoT, TevzaZe ar gaxlavT, _ nucubiZe gaxlavT.
p. sayvareliZe. ukacravad, bodiSs vixdi. batono nucubiZe, rode
sac parlamentSi vmoRvaweobdiT da kanonebs vimuSavebdiT swored
ise, rogorc Cven vlaparakobT, ras fiqrobdiT maSin? fiqrobdiT rom
SezRudva iyo parlamentis muSaobisa? fiqrobdiT rom vRalatobdiT
saqarTvelos Tavisuflebas, mis suverenobas? sruliadac ara! yvelam
vicodiT, rom Tavmjdomaris xelis moweriT arc erT kanonSi, romelic
gamoqveynebuli iyo parlamentis da erovnul sabWos arsebobis dros,
araferi ar Secvlila, araviTari SezRudva, araviTari konfliqti ar
momxdara maSasadame, Tqven unda daamtkicoT rom warsulSiac zRuda
vda. marto amiT, praqtikiT, warsuls praqtikiT, warsuli moRvawe
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obiT Cveulebriv uflebiT SeiZleba uaryoT Tqveni argumentacia, b.
nucubiZe -baraTaSvilo.
sxvaTa Soris konstituciebi. aris konsituciebi, aris saxelmwi
foebi, demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi, Tunda inglisi movigonoT, sad
ac konstituciuri kanonebi ar arseboben, sadac Cveulebriv uflebiT
ufro xelmZRvaneloben. Cveni Cveulebrivi ufleba aris namdvili ar
seba, namdvili wyaro politikuri da parlamentis muSaobisa. nu Tu
ar SeiZleba? daamtkicoT, nu Tu amis damtkiceba warsul moRvaweo
bidan ar SeiZleba? waruli praqtika amtkicebs, rom araviTari Sez
Rudva ar yofila imiT, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, Cveni mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare awerda xels. amiT mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mow
era ki ar amtkicebda kanons, an sanqcias aZlevda, an vetos uflebiT
sargeblobda, ara. rasakvirvelia, kanonSi pirdapir sweria: kanoni
dauyonebliv Sedis ZalaSi, raki igi miRebulia parlamentis mier da
mTavrobis xelmouwerloba parlamentis kanons ver SeaCerebs.
batonebo, saWiroa kanons mivaqcioT yuradReba. Tumca Cveni
kanonebi gabneulia, magram parlamentis mier miRebuli yvela kanonebi
aris damfuZnebeli krebis kanonebic.
rodesac damfuZnebelma krebam aRiara 12-marti, qveynis da isto
riis winaSe damoukideblobis aqti, maSasadame aRiara rom damou
kidebeli saxelmwifo iyo. da roca gamosca, gamoaqveyna es, man miiRo
parlamentis mier miRebuli kanonebic. es aqti... (gvazava: es ese ar
iyo)! ase aris!
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, batonebo umorCilesad gTxovT, adgil
idan nu inebebT laparaks.
sayvareliZe. mainc da mainc kanoni kanonTa gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb
abobs, rom dauyonebliv unda gamoqveyndes, maSasadame SiSi ar gvqonia
konfliqtisa. dRes ki modian da amboben, SezRudvisken mivdivarTo.
SezRudva praqtikaSi ar yofila, maSasadame amaze laparaki zedmetia.
meore faqti is yofila Turme, rom Cven miviReT umaRlesi war
momadgenloba respublikis mTavrobis TavmjdomarisTvis. arc aq
aris araviTari SezRudva. vinc icis ubralo anbani saxelmwifos cx
ovrebisa, is dameTanxmeba, man icis, rom usaTuod aris aRmasruleb
el organos erTi piri, romelic warmoadgens saxelmwifos. ra aris
batonebo, saxelmwifo? koleqtiur warmomadgenloba. arsad ar aris,
uamisod saxelmwifos cxovreba, aiReT respublikebi, yvela respub
likebis mTavroba, emorCileba Tavis parlaments. magram saxelmwifos
cxovrebis aRmasrulebeli organo, mTavroba da misi Tavmjdomare
aris gamomxatveli am suverenobisa. da moqmedebs misi saxeliT. aiReT
Sveicariis mTavroba. is SedarebiT uRono mTavrobaa. mTavrobis Tav
mjdomare aris prezidenti Sveicariis respublikisa, es prezidenti
yovel wliurad irCeva, erTi meoreze orjel arCevis neba ar aqvs _
(Sengelaia: socialisturi damfuZnebeli kreba!) ukacravad, social
istur damfuZnebel krebaze mogaxsenebT mere, Tu iqneba laparaki.
233
dRes ki Cven gvaqs laparaki imaze, arRvevs Tu ara Tavisuflebas is,
rac Cven miviReT. es aris gamoxatuleba imisa, rac aris. ra hqna dam
fuZnebel krebam? damfuZnebel krebam aRiara, premieroba, mTavrobis
Tavmjdomareoba. mTavrobis Tavmjdomares misca neba warmoadginos
saxelmwifo sagareo da Sinaur kiTxvebSi da imave dros man angari
Si misces yvela Tavis moqmedebaSi damfuZnebel krebas. es aris Cveni
SezRudva? cxadia, es SezRudva ar aris. magram isini, vinc daavad
myofebulni arian fraziT, demokratiul fraziT, revoliucionur
frazeologiiT, xandisxan ver gaigeben saxelmwifos Senebis saWiroe
bas da elandebaT SezRudva xalxis uflebisa iq, sadac amis mgzavsi
ara aris ra. sampirovnebaze, RvTis metyvelobaze laparakoben. magram
RvTis metyvelobis magaliTic amtkicebs sul winaaRmdegs. mTavroba
igive ar aris, rac damfuZnebeli kreba. mTavroba mTavroba aris da
damfuZnebeli kreba damfuZnebeli krebaa. Cven senatsac avirCevT, ma
gram damfuZnebeli kreba iqneba da aris umaRlesi batoni, umaRlesi
Zala-uflebis warmomadgeneli. damfuZnebeli kreba andobs mTavrobis
Tavmjdomares, rom igi iyos warmomadgeneli respublikisa sagareo
saqmeebSi, es aris anbani sakonstitucio sakiTxisa.
exla arsebiTad. marTalia, didi danaSauloba CavidineT? unda
mogaxsenoT is, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi kanonebi qveyndeba ise, ro
gorc yvelgan. ratom vSvrebiT amas? imitom ki ara, rom varRvevdiT
parlamentis da xalxis uflebas, aramed imitom, meti simtkice migve
ca kanonebisaTvis xalxis SegnebaSi mTavrobisTvis da Cvens weswyo
bilebisaTvis. batonebo, unda icodeT, rom bevrgan sadac xels awers
xolme prezidenti, es xelis mowera aris sanqcia, uamisod ar Sedis
kanoni ZalaSi dauyonebliv, maSasadame laparaki imaze, rom raRac
elementia kanonmdeblobisa, ar SeiZleba. Cven vlaparakobT, rom is
aris ara elementi kanonmdeblobisa, aramed elementi kanonis pub
likaciisa. es aris gansxvaveba, amas ar unda auxvioT gverdi, amaze
unda ilaparakoT. Cven vambobT, ara marto uflebrivi, ara marto
konstitucionuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed praqtikul TvalsazrisiT
es uTood saWiro aris. amboben, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis
moweras xalxi gaigebs ise, rom viTom mTavroba aris umaRlesi warmo
madgeneli, roca dainaxavs kanonis qveS mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xe
lso. xalxi ise gaigebso. ara batonebo, xalxma icis erTi, icis rom, is
saxelmwifo daRupulia, romlis kanonmdebeli organo erTs acxadebs,
da mTavroba meores. es qmnis kriziss, arevdarevas. saxelmwifo aris
mtkice, roca es organoebi SekavSirebulad moqmedeben. Cvenis azriT
xelis mowera, romelic sWirdeba publikacias da ara kanondeblobas,
ukve Seqmnis, ganamtkicebs im azrs da xalxic gaigebs, rom saqarTve
loSi araviTari konfliqti, araviTari darRveva, araviTari daSla
am didi, umaRlesi organosi ar aris. amitom praqtikuladac momxre
varT, rom kanoni xelmowerili iyos mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier
mxolod gamosaqveyneblad. Tavi rom davaneboT Zvel kanonebis gamo
234
qveynebas, xelmouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlas. cxa
dia, vetos uflebaze Tavis Tavad SeuZlebelia laparaki. es Sexedule
ba araviTar SezRudvas ar iwvevs, konstitucias ar ewinaaRmdegeba,
praqtikas xels uwyobs, kanonze awers xels mTavrobis Tavmjdomare,
amiT is savaldebulod ixdis kanons, aqveynebs mas, aZlevs Zalas say
ovelTaod, xalxis SegnebaSi. amnairad Cven vRebulobT iseT praqti
kas, rom kanondeblobiTi muSaoba da aRmasrulebeli muSaoba swor
kalapotSi CavayenoT da araviTari arev-dareva xalxis SegnebaSi ar
gamoviwvioT.
b. ioseb baraTaSvili aq gvewinaaRmdegeba, Tvara sakonstitucio
komisiaSi gvemxroboda. iq kanoni erTxmaT iyo miRebuli. safrangeTis
prezidentis magaliTiT araferi damtkicdeba. am magaliTiT, piriqiT,
Cveni azriT mtkicdeba. rogorc vTqviT Cveni azri exeba ara sanqcias,
aramed publikacias, amitom uarsayofad migvaCnia yvela is, rac moiy
vanes Cvens winaaRmdeg opoziciis oratorebma.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi damTavrebuli gaxlavs. sityva ekuTvnis momx
senebels.
raJden arseniZe. aq bevri salaparako araferi maqvs. marTalia
publikaciis wess vqmniT, vamuSavebT swored imitom, rom rogorc
mogaxseneT, saxelmwifos warmomadgenelis arCevis dros, damfuZneb
el krebas ar surs, rom Seiqmnas iseTi wesi, iseTi ufleba, romelic ar
iyos miRebuli damfuZnebel krebisagan, romelic misgan ar iyos da
dasturebuli. aseTi sanqcia damfuZnebel krebisa aucilebelia maSin,
roca virCevdiT respublikis warmomadgenels, rom mogaxseneT, Tu ar
miveciT mTavrobis Tavmjdomares es aucilebeli ufleba, igi mas mi
iniWebs, Tavis Tavad, uCvenod. es ki Cven, ar gvindoda. asea axlac.
orgvari praqtika gvqonda Cven kanonze xelis mowerisa: pirvelad
mTavrobis Tavmjdomares iwvevda sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis Tav
mjdomare, _ es praqtika gaxldaT seimSi _ pirvel xanebSi erovnul
sabWoSic, da Tavmjdomare sakanonmdeblo krebisa iwvevda mTavro
bis Tavmjdomares, da mas andobda kabineTis Sedgenas. am SemTxvevaSi,
am sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis Tavmjdomare gamodioda, rogorc
mTel respublikis umaRles aRmasrulebel Zalis Semqneli organo
da iyo kidevac kamaTi, Tu vin aris umfrosi da umaRlesi, mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare Tu kanonmdebeli dawesebulebis. maSin kanons xels aw
erda mxolod parlamentis prezidiumi. es gaxldaT erTi praqtika.
Semdeg Cven es praqtika SevcvaleT. Cven uxerxulad davinaxeT, rom
Tavmjdomares, romelic aris krebis gamZRoli, aseTi didi funqciebi
hqondes miniWebuli. saukeTesod miviCnieT, rom mTel krebas, umaRles
saxelmwifo dawesebulebas aerCia mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da warmo
madgeneli respublikisa. amis Semdeg damkvidrda wesi mTavrobis Tav
mjdomarisgan kanonis xelis mowerisa. wyaro, axlac CvenSi, saidanac
momdinareobs aRmasrulebeli Zala, aris damfuZnebeli kreba da ara
misi romelime kerZo organo. am praqtikas Tu gnebavT, ar aqvs ara
235
viTari analogia sxva konstituciebSi. ver damisaxelebT verc erTs
konsitucias, sadac am wesiT iyos Sedgenili mTavroba. Tu gnebavT am
wesidan gamomdinareobs is texnika gamoqveynebisa da publikaciisa,
romelic warmodgenilia damfuZnebel krebis winaSe.
SeiZleba bevrma mogviyvanos magaliTebi, rom arc aseTi wesi ga
moqveynebisa arsebobs sxva respublikebSi. marTalia bevrgan for
malurad aris mzgavsi wesi, magram misi azri da Sinaarsi arsebiTad
sxvanairia. magaliTad, zogierTgan xelis moweras aqvs mniSvneloba
kanondeblobiTi, CvenSi ki ase ar aris. amas unda mxolod dakvirve
ba. Cven praqtikaSi azri aSkaraa da naTeli. rasakvirvelia isini, vinc
winaaRmdegni iyvnen, vinc ver gaigo, ras niSnavs arCeva respublikis
warmomadgenlisa, visac es warmodgena ar hqondaT, (xma: arc Tqven
gaqvT!) is, darwmunebuli var, amasac ver gaigebs. ver gaigebs imitom,
rom isini ase sjian: raki Cven damfuZnebeli kreba gaqvs, cxadia, Cven
gvaqvs yvela uflebebi, ese igi, aRmasrulebeli, samosamarTlo, kanon
mdebeli, maTi azriT, Tu ar davjeqiT da mosamarTloba ar gavwieT, es
Turme iqneba am uflebis SezRudva, amasTanave roca ucxo saxelmwi
fos wrmomadgeneli mova, unda avdgeT da vsTqvaT, Cven yvelani varT
saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu erT pirs mivandeT saxelmwi
fos warmomadgenloba, Turme es iqneba SezRudva Cveni uflebisa. me
ki ase ar mesmis. opoziciis oratorT unda gavaxseno cota ram! mTa
vari is ki ar aris, vin ras awarmoebs, vin ras anxorcielebs, mTavari
aris wyaro am uflebisa. da Tu ase SexedavT sakiTxs, dainaxavT, rom
arc erTi ufleba ar aris CvenSi, romelic ar gamomdinareobdes dam
fuZnebel krebisagan, araviTari ufleba, arc aRmasrulebeli, arc
warmomadgenlobisa, arc mosamarTleobis, da arc warmomadgenlo
bis ufleba sxva respublikebis winaSe ar arsebobs, Tu amis dasturi,
Tu amis nebarTva da dakanoneba ar miuRia damfuZnebel krebisagan.
es gaxlavT batonebo suverenoba, da ara is, rom erTad davdgeT da
vsTqvaT, rom varT respublikis warmomadgeneli, an gavxadoT Tavis
Tavi mosamarTleebaT. mosamarTleobis Zala ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel
krebas, aRmasrulebeli Zala ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, da am
Zala uflebas damfuZnebeli kreba aniWebs ama Tu im organos. es aris
umTavresi gamomxatveli xalxis umaRles nebayofisa, da im SemTxveva
Si, rodesac Cven vavalebT am xelis moweras mTavrobis Tavmjdomares,
es niSnavs imas, rom igi valdebulia es kanoni gaataros cxovrebaSi
da pasuxic agos. am kanonis gatarebisaTvis is pasuxis mgebeli aris
Cvens winaSe. pasuxis mgeblobas rom ar ascildes, cxadia xeli unda
moaweros (ai es erTad erTi mniSvneloba aqvs am muxls. Tu gamoCndeba
winaaRmdegoba Cvens da mTavrobis Soris, maSin marTla mosalodneli
iqneba konfliqti da rodesac gveqneba konfliqti, yvelaze naTlaT
gavigebT, vin aris suverenobis matarebeli: mTavroba Tu damfuZnebe
li kreba? maSin naxavT, rom kanoni kanonobs, mTavroba ki unda wav
ides. es imas niSnavs, rom vinc ar asrulebs brZanebas da gankargule
236
bas damfuZnebel krebisas, imas araviTari ufleba ara aqvs imoqmedos
da imuSaos gareSe am damfuZnebel krebisa. es aSkarad aris gamoxatu
li am muxlSi: (kiTxulobs) „yovels kanonsa da dekrets agreTve xels
awers mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. am ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba
ver SeaCerebs kanonis gamoqveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas“.
es niSnavs, rom ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs
kanons, aqedan suverenuli ufleba damfuZnebel krebisa sruliad
daculia. es muxli aris gameoreba imave gankargulebisa brZanebisa,
kanonisa, romelic gasuli wlis 16 oqtombers aris miRebuli parla
mentisagan. iq sweria, mTavroba dauyonebliv gamoaqveynebs kanons. ase
Tia kategoriuli brZaneba. gaxlavT kidev kanoni romelic ambobs, rom
mTavrobam unda dauyonebliv gamoaqveynos kanoni, rom ar SeiZleba ar
gamoaqveynos. igive aris aq ufro mkafiod gamoTqmuli im pirebisT
vis, romelTac ver gaiges, ver Seismines, rom aq ar aris SezRudva dam
fuZnebel krebis uflebisa, samwuxarod maT mainc ver gaiges. magram
me mgonia rom, xalxi da sazogadoeba gaigebs, ise rogorc namdvilad
unda iqnes es muxli gagebuli.
muxlobrivi ganxilva.
237
ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis gamo
qveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas“.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uaryofilia. Semdegi
r. arseniZe. 4. wesi ese Sedis ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebe
li krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
kenWs uyri saerTod kanon-proeqts. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRe
bulia.
dRis wesrigi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. inebebT daniSnoT Semdegi
sxdoma? (xma: prezidiums miendos!)
maSasadame, Semdegi sxdomis daniSvna miendoba prezidiums. krebas
vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.
238
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meaTe sxdoma
239
dRiuri wesrigi.
240
2. Въ виду того, что изъ всехъ завоеванiй революцiй для крестьянъ особенно
важно разрѣшенiе земельнаго вопроса въ пользу землеробовъ и такъ какъ во
всѣхъ мѣстахъ демократической республики Грузiи проведена въ жизнь таковая,
а въ Ахалкалакскомъ уѣздѣ благодаря авантюръ беговъ и турецкихъ эмиссаровъ
рады сохраненiя своихъ привилегiй и господства къ земельной реформѣ даже
не приступлено. Совѣтъ проситъ правительство о скоромъ проведенiи у насъ
земельной реформы.
3. Сознавая, что правительство демократической Республики Грузiи стоя
сначала же на путь защиты интересовъ трудящихся, совѣтъ проситъ немедленно
приступить и у насъ къ выборамъ въ Учредительное Собранiе, чтобы мы показали
мiру, кого мы считаемъ поборниками интересовъ трудящихся и кому вручаем
судьбу свою. Такъ какъ все населенiе уѣзда ясно видитъ, что всѣ злодѣянiя и анархiя
разыгравшiяся въ Ахалцихскомъ и Ахалкалакскомъ уѣздахъ является плодомъ
провокацiонной дѣятельности людей, заинтересованных въ удержанiи за собой
господства, совѣтъ крест. депут. постановилъ: всѣми силами бороться противъ
провокаторовъ, сѣющихъ вражду между населяющими означененные уѣзды
нацiями и желающiя съ ослабленiемъ демократiи населенiя на развалинахъ уѣздовъ
строитъ тропу своего господства.
Качейшвили
Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.
241
amas Tavis Tavad mniSvneloba aqvs, unda gaerios am sakiTxSi dam
fuZnebeli kreba Tu ara, valdebulia kreba aseTi sakiTxebi TiTon ga
nixilos, Tu sxva rame gza da mimarTuleba unda misces mas.
yovel SemTxvevaSi moqalaqeTa Txovna amnistiis Sesaxeb, sruliad
kanonieria da samarTliani da amas raime gamosavali gza unda mieces.
exeba es administratiul sasjels Tu sasamarTloSi gadawyvetil sas
jels, es sul erTia.
amitom Cven gvgonia, rom amisTana sakiTxebi erTxel da samudamod
unda iyos gadawyvetili gadaWriT. saWiroa saTanado komisiam Sei
muSaos garkveuli azri da warmoudginos erTgvari azri krebas ukve
saTanado moxsenebiT.
amitom, winadadebas Semovitan, rom yovelive es masalebi, romel
ic Semosulia damfuZnebel krebis prezidiumSi, rogorc masala, ga
daeces iuridiul komisias. iuridiuli komisia Tavis daskvnas Semoi
tans imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTuleba da ra gza mieces yvela amgvar
Txovnebs principialurad, da rodesac es principialuri sakiTxi gad
aWrili iqneba, Semdeg SegviZlian vimsjeloT TiTeul Txovnaze, an aq
ganvixilavT, an saTanado dawesebulebas gadavceT.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs kidev sityva amis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin
aris. maSasadame winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili: Semosuli Txovnebi
gadaeces iuridiul komisias, rogorc masala da iuridiulma komis
iam Tavis moxseneba, garkveuli azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTule
ba mieces amnair Sinaarsis qaRaldebs, warmoudginos damfuZnebel
krebas.
vin aris winaaRmdegi am wamoyenebuli winadadebisa? aravin. maSa
sadame winadadeba miRebuli gaxlavT. es qaRaldebi, Txovnebi gadaece
ma iuridiul komisias azris gamosaTqmelad.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis
dadgenilebisa saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureebisTvis
avansis micemisa Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, soloRaSvilis asuls.
242
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures,
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac miiRes jamagirebis momateba ama
wlis 1-l ianvris Semdeg, avansad samasi (300) man. TviTeuls.
mozard da mcirewlovan mosamsaxureT ki, romlebic iReben jama
girs ara umetes 240 man., mieces avansis raodenobis naxevari e. i. 150 man.
mxolod im pirobiT, rom es avansi dafarul iqnes arsebul jama
girebis momatebis Semdeg
saredaqcio komisiam Sescvala ase. (kiTxulobs).
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures,
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac jamagirebi moematebaT ama wlis
1-l ianvris Semdeg, avansad samasi (300) man. TviTeuls mozard da
mcirewlovan mosamsaxureT ki, romlebic iReben jamagirs ara umetes
240 man., mieces avansis raodenobis naxevari e. i. 150 man. es avansi da
farul iqnes awindeli jamagirebis momatebis Semdeg.
sityvebi: „arsebuli jamagirebi“ saredaqcio komisiam Sescvala
sityvebiT: „awindeli jamagirebi.“
meore muxli ucvlelad gaxlavT miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlebis Sesaxeb? vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia. Semdegi saboloo teqsti
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureTa salikvidacio Semweobis
kanonis me-2 muxlis Secvlisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.
243
Tviuri jamagiris erT meTormeted nawils samsaxuris yovel TvisaT
vis, magram ara nakleb ori kviris jamagirisa. daxmareba iangariSeba
im jamagiris kvalobaze, romelic daTxovnis dros hqonda.
aq arsebiTi cvlileba aris Setanili. Zvel teqstSi iyo „mosamsax
ureni, romelnic daTxovnilni arian“. Cven ki miviReT ase: mosamsaxure
romelic daTxovnili iqneba. radganac kanoni Seexeba xolo imaT, Cve
nis azriT, romelnic amis Semdeg iqnebian daTxovnilni, da ara imaT,
romelnic winaT ukve iyvnen daTxovnilni.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelma mogaxsenaT, rom ar
sebiTi Sesworeba Seitana saredaqcio komisiamo, sityva aravis unda.
vin aris winaaRmdegi rom es Sesworeba iyos miRebuli? aravin.
saboloo teqsti miRebulia.
Semdegi saboloo teqsti qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze akrZal
vis dadebis dekretisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.
244
Semdeg iyo ramodenime saredaqcio Sesworebani: iyo „romelze
dac“ saredaqcio komisiam Seaswora: „razedac“,
sityva „imyofeboda“ Seaswora sityviT „iyo“; da CaurTva sityva
„agreTve“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? saredaqcio
komisiis Sesworeba miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. SeniSvna meore gadaiqca mesame muxlad.
aq igive cvlileba gaxlavT miRebuli.
mesame muxlis Zvel redaqciaSi iyo „yvela“. Secvlili aris si
tyviT „yoveli“,
iyo sityva „Semdgari“, amis magivrad aris „dadebuli“.
„erTi welze meti vadiT“, Secvlili aris „erTi wlis meti vadiT“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba
miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdeg.
momxsenebeli.
4 muxlSi mxolo sityvebi aris gadasmuli.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. 4-ve
muxli miRebulia. vin aris saerTod dekretis winaaRmdegi? winaaRm
degi aravin aris.
dekreti miRebulia. Semdegi saboloo teqsti kanonebis da dekre
tebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
245
CarTuli aris „kanonis da dekretis gamoqveynebisa“, romelic ga
motovebuli iyo damfuZnebel krebis mier miRebul teqstSi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? es muxli miRebuli aris.
momxsenebeli. me-3 muxli ucvlelad gaxlavT miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi. kanon-proeqti miRebuli aris.
Semdegi kanon-proeqti Sinagan-saqmeTa ministris gakarguleba
Si 2 mil. gadacemisa axalcixe axalqalaqis mazraSi dazaralebulTa
dasaxmareblad.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels SaraSiZes.
246
vin aris winaaRmdeg, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? ara
vin. maSasadame gadavdivarT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls):
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin
aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi? muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls):
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlisa? meore muxli
miRebulia.
mesame muxli, rogorc mogaxsenaT momxsenebelma safinanso-sabiu
djeto komisiis saxeliT aris Semotanili. vin aris momxre rom mesame
muxli, aq wakiTxuli, damatebuli iqmnes?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom saerTod kanoni miRebuli iyos.
winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame kanon-proeqti miRebulia da
gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqti saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzebze tarife
bis gadidebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels krebis wevrs aleqsandre asaTians.
247
gzaTa uwyeba miaqcevs Tqvens yuradRebas im garemoebas, rom miuxe
davaT aseTi momatebisa, es tarifebi da, sazogadod, gzis gadasaxadi
xarjebi, da samgzavro bileTebis fasebi mcirea SedarebiT im zrdas
Tan, romelic moxda yvela saqonelze, yvela masalaze, romelic sWir
deba gzTa uwyebas. rom SevadaroT exlandeli fasebi sxva-da-sxva ma
salebisa im fasebTan, romelic arsebobda 1916 wels, naxavT, rom am
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi zogierTi masalebis fasma moimata 2000
%. magaliTad, SeSis fasi gaizarda 1780 %, Spalebisa _ 900%, xis ma
sala _ 1900%, xreSi _ 2400, navTi _ 1330, zeTi _ 1900, muSaTa xelfasi
_ 1500 _ da sx., ase rom am tarifebis momateba SedarebiT im fasebTan,
romelic damyarda am rkinis gzisTvis saWiro masalebze, ar aris
didi. momatebuli tarifebi, romelic kanon-proeqtSi aris moyvani
li, am Jamad, ukve gadidebuli aris aderbeijanSi, aderbeijanis rki
nis gzaze. Tanaxmad im xelSekrulebisa, satranzito xelSekrulebisa,
romelic dadebuli aris saqarTvelos respublikis da aderbeijanis
respublikis Soris 26 dekembers 1918 w. am xelSekrulebis me 10-mux
lis ZaliT, Cven unda gvqondes aderbeijanTan saerTo tarifi. am Ja
mad es tarifi ukve miRebulia aderbeijanis respublikis mier da
cxovrebaSi gatarebuli. Cven ki jer-jerobiT Zveli tarifiT vcxov
robT. rom aviRoT bileTebis fasebi, Tbilisidan baqomdin bileTis
fasi gacilebiT naklebi iqneba, vinem ganjidan baqomden.
rkinis gzis dRevandeli mdgomareoba moiTxovs, rom miRebuli
iqmnes gansakuTrebuli zomebi rkinis gzis Semosavlis gasazrdelad,
vinaidan rkinis gzas gasul wels Zlier didi deficiti hqonda da
am Jamadac didi deficiti aqvs. gzaTa uwyeba saWirod sTvlis, rom
es tarifebi miRebuli iyos respublikis rkinis gzebze. gzis Semo
savlianobis gasazrdelad gzaTa uwyebas ganzraxuli aqvs kidev sxva
RonisZiebani, romelTa SemweobiT rkinis gzis Semosavali unda gaiz
ardos da respublikis xazina ganTavisufldes im deficitebisagan,
romelic am Jamad aqvs xazinas rkinis gzebisagan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo sakiTxis Sesaxeb? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
asaTiani. kiTxulobs pirvel muxls:
I. 1917 wlis 10 ivnisamde arsebuli tarifebi gadidebul iqmnes
Semdegnairad:
1). samgzavro bileTebi I klasisa _ xuTmetjer, meore klasis
Tormetjer, mesame da meoTxe klasebisa _ aTjer;
2). bargis (bagaJis) gadazidvis fasi ocda oTxjer;
3). saqonlis TanmyolTa bileTis fasi _ aTjer;
4). samgzavro matareblis sazidi saqonlis tarifi _ ocdaoTxjer;
5). sadguris perronze gasasvleli fasi aTi Sauri _ orjer;
6). saraiono komitetis xarji sami maneTis nacvlad iqmnes xuTi
maneTi;
248
7). saqonlis Sesanaxav SenobaTa asagebad sami kapeikis nacvlad
xuTi kapeiki.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. pirveli muxli miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT meore muxli.
asaTiani. (kiTxulobs). II pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gadideba ta
rifebisa Seexeba, rogorc saqarTvelos saxazino gzas, agreTve ka
xeTisas.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
al. asaTiani. (kiTxulobs)
3. es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan misi miRebisa damfuZnebeli kre
bis mier.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri mesame muxls. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRe
bulia.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeqti mTlianaT iyos miRebu
li? kanon-proeqti miRebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis reglamentis proeqtisa.
momxsenebeli soloRaSvilis asuli.
249
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meTerTmete sxdoma
251
komisiebSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtebis sia.
dRiuri wesrigi.
252
kanon-proeqti amierkavkasiis bonebis
gamocemis gangrZobisa
kanon-proeqti
253
vana am saSualebis gamoZebnamde. mogexsenebaT, rom saWiroa qveyanas
hqondes am fulis Sesaferi saqoneli. es ki CvenSi ar aris. marTalia,
amisTana kriziss ganicdis mTeli qveyniereba ara marto Cven, da saqmis
mowesrigeba ase patara fargalSi Zlier Znelia, magram saWiroa erTi
nabiji mainc gadavdgaT saqmis gamosasworeblad. Cven viciT, rom
aris amisTana ganzraxva. amas winaT, me mgonia deklaraciis ganxilvis
dros gaxldaT soc. demokratiis warmomadgenlis aseTi gancxadeba.
man ganacxada, rom misi fraqcia saWirod sTvlis xeli Seuwyos war
moebas, rogorc kerZo iniciativis, ise koleqtiur warmoebas saxiT.
es iyo aq naTqvami. marTalia, Cven, socialist-revoliucionerebs Sei
Zleba, ufro sxvanairaT gveTqva ufro gabedulaT, magram Jinianobas
xom ar daviwyebT, Jinianoba aseT sakiTxSi, da politikaSi uadgilo
aris. mmarTvel fraqciis gegmas SeiZleba SevrigebodiT kidec, rom
marTlac erTi nabiji gadagvedga, am sityvebis saqmed gardaqmnisaken.
exla dro aris aseTi nabiji gadavdgaT. marTalia, es Znelia, Zlier
Zneli, magram Znelia exla yvelaferi. verafers ver daasaxelebT iseTs
exlandel garTulebul cxovrebaSi, rom did siZneles ar warmoadgen
des. aseT gaWirebul qveyanaSi. sul ubralo saqme, rom aviRoT, rasac
winaT advilad akeTebda kaci amis gakeTebac ki Znelia, da Tu Zneli
ar aris did energias mainc moiTxovs adamianisagan. magram es imas ar
niSnavs, rom arafers ar unda movkidoT xeli. amTaviT TeoretiulaT
mainc unda SevimuSavoT gegma Cveni ganzarxvis sisruleSi moyvanisa
Cven es Zlier saWiroT migvaCnia im qveyanaSic ki, sadac kerZo inicia
tivas ukve gakafuli aqvs gza. CvenSi is garemoeba unda aRvniSnoT,
rom kerZo iniciativam, me amas gabedulaT mogaxsenebT, Tavis kotroba
gamoiCina, yovel dargSi. igi, erTi mxriT, Zveli weswyobilebis saT
uTad da nebierad aRzrdili Svili aRmoCnda da axal pirobebSi veR
ar Seegua revoliuciis qarcecxls. veraviTari nabiji ver gadasdga
man da araferi ar gaakeTa. meore mxriT didma angarebam gaitaca da
spekuliaciis tkbili nayofi erTxel, rom agemebina, iolad naSovn as
da aTas procentebze uari ver uTqvams. gana dro ar aris davfiqrdeT
iqneba kolektiuri meurneoba mainc moewyos da, Tu es ar SeiZleba,
saWiroa rom darwmundeT mainc amaSi, am nabijs, rom gadavdgamT, me
darwmunebuli var, iseT Sedegs mivaRwevT. rom momavalSi Cven patara
qveynis politika mkvidr niadagze dadgeba da imedi mogvecema, rom es
fuli, es qaRaldis fuli, ese ar darCeba samudamoT. Cven qaRaldis fu
lis anabarad ar davrCebiT, rodesac gadavdgamT am nabijs... (gvazava:
ra nabijs, konkretulad sTqviT!) SevimuSaoT proeqti koleqtiuri
meurneobisa. rogorc mogaxseneT, mmarTvelma partiam, rom ganacxada
Cven koleqtiuri warmoebas SeuwyobT xelso, amaze unda vifiqroT, Tu
praqtikulad rogor ganvaxorcieloT es saqme. vifiqroT ranairad
SeiZleba amis mowyoba (xma). ukacravaT, ver gavige. CvenSi mcodne xalxi
bevri brZandebiT, ase Tu ise, SevikrifoT da vifiqroT, Tu ra Sei
Zleba gavakeToT da maSin dainaxavT, rom erTad erTi forma warmoe
254
bisa, romelic arsebul pirobebSi iboginebs da fexs moikidebs _ ko
leqtiuri formaa. Cemis azriT, amas didi yuradReba unda mieqces miT
umetes, rom _ SeiZleba, es bevrs ar swamdes, magram Cven RrmaT gvwams, _
qveynierebaSi icvleba ara marto politika, qveynierebaze xdeba Rrma
socialuri gardaqmna. rodesac inglisma, Zlierma inglisma, romelic
yvelaze ufro cixe-burji iyo kapitalistur warmoebisa da aris dRe
sac, rodesac man ganacxada, rom exla sul sxva dro dgeba da sxvanairi
urTierToba unda damyardes Sromis da kapitalis Soriso, iman, rom
is sTqva, esec didi ramea, mis Tqmasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs, inglis
ma rom es sTqva, Cven unda movamzadoT saqme, da safuZveli CauyaroT
axal pirobebs, warmoebisas, axal socialur urTierTobas, romelic
modis da gviaxlovdeba. exlave movemzadoT, Torem mere gvian iqneba.
es qaRaldis fuli maSin xom ver dagvixsnis da katastrofamde mivalT.
vimeoreb, am kanonproeqts mxars uWerT, mxoloT xazi unda gausva da
aRvniSno, rom saqmianoba, saWiroa, Tunda jerjerobiT im saxiT ra sax
is saqmianobac moisurva sityviT, jer jerobiT marto sityviT, mmarT
vel fraqciis warmomadgenelma; _ amgvari saqmianoba mainc daviwyoT;
Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom SeiZleba Semdeg es saqmianoba ufro gamoirkves,
da ufro, gabedulad gadavdgaT nabiji, koleqtiur Sromis, warmoe
bis ganviTarebaSi. amas Tqven TiTon mixvdebiT, Tqven saqmianobis dros,
TviT saqmis msvleloba daganaxvebT da Tqven iZulebulni iqnebiT rom
amas miaqcioT yuradReba da miatovoT Tqveni kerZo iniciativisadmi
trfiali. magram, jer-jerobiT, dRes ki pirveli nabijis gadadgma
mainc gabedeT, rom moumzadoT niadagi momaval mSeneblobas da am qaR
aldis sinabaraT samudamoT ar dastovoT qveyana.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. arsebiTad kanon-proeqtis winaaRmdegi ar aris
krebis wevri naTaZe. rac Seexeba koleqtiur warmoebis mowyobas, _ es
momavalis saqme aris, da amis Sesaxeb me arafers vityvi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls)!
1. neba mieces mTavrobas gamosces amier-kavkasiis bonebi saqarT
velos respublikis saWiroebisTvis 100 milioni maneTisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRe
bulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
8. Tanaswori Tanxa, ese igi as-asi milioni maneTi, mieces somxe
Tis da azerbeijanis respublikebs, xolo azerbeijanis respublikas
agreTve unda mieces ama wlis 30 ianvris emisiidan miuRebeli oTxmoci
milionic, roca dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani amis Sesaxeb
Sesafer xelSekrulebas dasdeben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs oni
aSvils.
255
daviT oniaSvili (s.-d.) social-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT
Semomaqvs aseTi Sesworeba meore muxlSi: Sesaferi Tanxa gamoic
es somxeTisa da aderbeijanis respublikisTvis da mieces maT, roca
dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani Sesafer xelSekrulebas das
deben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
aderbeijanis respublikas unda mieces agreTve ama wlis ian
vris 30-s emisiidan miuRebeli 80 milioni maneTi, ukeTu saTanado xe
lSekrulebas xels moawers.
umTavresi azri am Sesworebisa saTaurSi aris Zvel teqstSi 100
milioni sweria, Cven es SevasworeT „Sesaferi Tanxa“, radganac es xels
uxsnis Cven mTavrobas. windawin gansazRvra Tanxisa Cven Seufereblad
migvaCnia. Semdegi Sesworeba ufro saredaqcio xasiaTisa aris.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva? msurveli ara
vin gaxlavT. maSasadame meore muxli amnairad unda daiweros: (kiTxu
lobs s.-dem. fraqciis mier Setanil 2 muxlis Sesworebas).
Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri am Sesworebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? ar
avin. maSasadame miRebulia. saerTod meore muxlisa vin aris winaaRm
degi? aravin. miRebulia. Semdegi.
ivane WavWaniZe (kiTxulobs) neba mieciT mTavrobas am kanonis pir
vel da meore muxlSi aRniSnul daniSnulebisaTvis Sesaferad gaadi
dos amier-kavkasiis bonebis emisia.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
ivane WavWaniZe (kiTxulobs) es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebi
sa damfuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. kenWs uyri mTel
kanon proeqts. miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
meore kanon-proeqti (arseniZe: gTxovT wesrigisTvis!) ukve gaT
avebuli gaxlavT!
kanonproeqti saxelmwifos qaRaldebis dammzadebel eqspedici
isaTvis masalis SesaZenad 1 milion maneTis gadadebisa. sityva ekuT
vnis momxsenebels (arseniZe: wesrigisTvis!) ukve gaTavebuli gaxlavT,
sityva ukve miveci momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. Tqven mTavrobas gaudideT saemisio ufleba. saW
iroa gaRebuli iqmnes xarjebi. amisTvis safinanso komisiis inicia
tiviT Semomaqvs Semdegi kanon-proeqti: (kiTxulobs).
kanonproeqti
256
1. gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifo xazinidan saxelmwifo qaRaldebis
damzadebel eqspediciisTvis sawarmovo iaraRis da masalebis Sesa
Zenad erTi milioni maneTi.
2. kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebeli krebis
mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravini aris. vin aris
winaaRmdeg, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? Tqven am muxlis Sesaxeb gsurT
sityva? (oniaSvili adgilidan: saxelwodebis Sesaxeb!) romel saxel
wodebis, am kanonproeqtisa? inebeT.
daviT oniaSvili. am kanon-proeqtis saTaurs hqvian kanon-proeqti,
social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Sesworeba, rom kanon-proeq
ti Seicvalos sityviT „dekreti“, radganac arsebiTad am kanon-pro
eqts xasiaTi aqvs dekretisa.
aseTive xasiaTi hqonda Cvenis azriT pirvel kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. me bodiSs vixdi Zalian, magram Tu aseTi Sesworeba,
an raime damateba aqvs vismes, maSin unda Semoitanon, rodesac pirve
lad kiTxulobs momxsenebeli saTaurs. da Tu aris raime Sesworeba,
keTil inebeT da SemoitaneT droze, da nu CaayenebT prezidiums aseT
mdgomareobaSi, rom reglamenti darRveuli iqnes.
surs vismes Tu ara am Sesworebis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin aris.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeqts daerqvas
dekreti? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia. kenWs uyri pirvel muxls.
miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRe
bulia. saerTod uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts. miRebulia da gadaecema
saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb momxsenebelia oniaSvili.
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iuridiulma komisiam erTxmad Semdegi dadgenileba gamoitana,
rom yvela is Txovnebi, romelic Seexeba sasamarTlos dadgenilebis
Secvlas, unda damfuZnebel krebis mier ganuxilveli darCes.
am dadgenilebiT, iuridiul komisias sruliaTac ar mosvlia az
raT, rom odnavaT mainc SezRudos an mospos visime moqalaqeobrivi
ufleba, Tqven mogexsenebaT, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, rom yvela
saxelmwifoSi, marto ara Tavisufali respublikanur saxelmwifoSi,
aramed iqac, sadac konstitucionuri monarqia aris, TviTeul moqa
laqes aqvs ufleba, rac unda mZime iyos misi danaSauloba, Seitanos
Txovna saxelmwifos umaRles dawesebulebaSi, an mis warmomadgenel
Tan, rom es dadgenileba Secvlili iyos. sakonstitucio monarqi
aSi aseT Txovnebs ixilavs monarqi, xolo respublikanur qveynebSi
prezidenti, an sakanondeblo dawesebuleba, magal. SveicariaSi. iu
ridiul komisias saWirod miaCnia, rom mTavroba am mokle xanSi Semo
vides damfuZnebel krebaSi kanonproeqtiT, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba
yvela is wesebi romelic Seexeba ai aseT Txovnebis ganxilvas.
Tu Cven ar miviRebT am dadgenilebas, da davadasturebT sawi
naaRmdego debulebas, am debulebis miRebas mohyveba iseTi Sedegi,
rom kanomdeblobiTi organo, romelsac didi saqme aqvs gasakeTebeli,
iZulebuli iqneba gadaiqces sasamarTlo dawesebulebaT. amiT erTis
mxriT Cven SevaferxebT kanondeblobiTi muSaobas, da meores mxriv
davcemT sasamarTlos prestiJsac. rasakvirvelia, amiT imis Tqma ar
gvinda, rom damfuZnebel krebas espoba ufleba erTxel da samudamoT
amisTana Txovnebis garCevisa. ara. damfuZnebeli kreba, aris uzenae
si dawesebuleba Cveni respublikisa, da rodesac igi dainaxavs, rom
sasamarTlos mier Cadenili aris Secdoma, mas SeuZlian Caerios aseT
saqmeebSi. es Careva unda moxdes damfuZnebel krebis iniciativiT, misi
surviliT da mis dadgenilebiT. ai aseTi aris Sexeduleba da dadge
nileba iuridiul komisiisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sen
gelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. r.) Cveni fraqcia winaaRmdegia am kanon-pro
eqtisa. winaaRmdegi varT am kanonproeqtis imitom, rom am kanonpro
eqtSi Cven vxedavT im Secdomebis gangrZobas, romelic emCneva so
cial-demokratebis muSaobas.
maSin, rodesac maT mTavrobis Tavmjdomares miandes respublikis
umaRlesi warmomadgenloba Cven uTxariT, rom resp. umaRlesi warmo
mad. igive prezidenti ariso. maT ki ganacxades, _ ara, es prezidenti
ar ariso. Semdeg, roca damfuZnebeli kreba ixilavda kanonTa gamo
qveynebis wess, maT miiRes, rom am kanonebs xeli unda moaweros mTav
robis Tavmjdomarem. Tumca amis sawinaaRmdegoT Cven mier seriozu
li sabuTebi iyo wardgenili, rom es Seuferebelia, radganac dRes aq
aris damfuZnebeli kreba, magram miuxedavad amisa, Tqven mogexsenebaT,
rom damfuZnebelma krebam daadgina mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis
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moweris saWiroeba. Cven vxedavT, rom social demokratebis mier ar
Ceuli TandaTanoba aqac, am dadgenilebiTac grZeldeba. es TandaT
anoba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom social-demokratiam ar icis, rogor
unda gaanawilos Zalaufleba, e. i. ar icis ra ufleba unda mianiWos
mTavrobas da ra ufleba unda dautovos damfuZnebel krebas.
Sewynarebis sakiTxi, rom didi sakiTxia, amaze mgoni laparaki zed
metia. da ai social-demokratias unda rom misi gadawyvetis uflebac
mianiWos mTavrobas. Tu ki damfuZnebel krebis prezidiumma uyur
adRebod unda dastovos es sakiTxi, Tu ki man Semosul arzebis Sesaxeb
Tvis dadgenileba ar unda gamoitanos, maSin TavisTavad cxadia, rom
social-demokratebs surT, misi gadawyveta mTavrobas miando. aseTi
uflebiT Cveni prezidenti uaxlovdeba safrangeTis prezidents. mar
Talia, safrangeTis prezidents aqvs e. w. suspensiuri veto, magram
Cven prezidents aqvs agreTve misTana uflebebi, rogoric aris res
publikis umaRlesi warmomadgenloba da xelis mowera gamosaqveyneb
el kanonebze. exla mas vaniWebT Sewyalebis uflebasac. es ki iqneba
suspensiur vetoze meti. am uflebis damfuZnebel krebisgan arTmeva,
Cvenis azriT SeuZlebelia.
amasTanave aSkaraa, _ naadrevia SevqmnaT imisTana organo, romel
sac mieniWeba eseTi ufleba, romelzedac saWiro aris jer kidev dava.
amitom Cvenis azriT es miuRebeli aris.
aq momxsenebelma moiyvana erTi mosazreba: saxeldobr is, rom ux
erxuli aris prezidiumis mier am Txovnebis ganxilva. mas ar SeuZlian
misi ganxilva, radgan bevri saqmeebi aqvso.
vTqvaT, rom es marTalic iyos. Tu marTlac prezidiums ar Seu
Zlian maTi ganxilva gadavceT mTavrobas, magram gana mTavroba
prezidiumze mocliT aris?! Tu saqme iseTia, rom mas ver gamoarkvevs
prezidiumi, gana amas SesZlebs mTavroba?!
texnikuri uxerxuloba iqneba, rogorc mTavrobisTvis ise prezid
iumisTvis. ase rom es uxerxuloba misaRebi ar aris.
social demokratiam ar icis, rogor ganaxorcielos Zala ufleba
da TandaTan midis social-demokratiul monarqiisken. sxva azri ara
aqvs am winadadebas. amitom Cven winaaRmdegni varT iuridiul komisi
is mier Semotanil dadgenilebisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno! Cven vemxrobiT im azrs, rom
saTanado kanon-proeqti unda iyos SemuSavebuli, magram ar vemxro
bi dRevandel daskvnas, rom ar unda ganvixiloT, ganuxilveli unda
darCes es arzebi damfuZnebel krebis mier.
or nawilaT iyofa es arzebi, erTi Seexeba samoqalaqo sasamarT
los saqmeebs da meore Seexeba sisxlis samarTals.
damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! samoqalaqo saqmeebisaTvis Cven sa
TanadoT mowyobili sasamarTlo gvaqs. momCivansa da pasuxis mgebels
saSualeba aqvT TavianTi interesebi daicvan da saqmis iniciativa maT
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xelSia. am SemTxvevaSi Secdomebi, rasakvirvelia, iSviaTia. samoqa
laqo ufleba aris kerZo ufleba da dainteresebul pirT eZlevaT mo
qmedebis Tavisufleba, rom moiZebnon gza da gamosavali da saqmes Tvi
Ton miscen msvleloba. igi swydeba sabolood sasamarTlos ganaCeniT.
ganaCeni Sedis kanonis ZalaSi da daurRvevlia, veravin mas ver Seexeba.
rac Seexeba sisxlis sasamarTlos saqmes, mas ki sul sxva xasiaTi
da mniSvneloba aqvs. masSi dainteresebuli aris sazogadoeba, saxel
mwifo. sisxlis samarTlis ufleba aris sajaro ufleba da am SemTx
vevaSi arzebs da Txovnebs da sazogadoT saqmes unda mivceT sul sxva
msvleloba. SeiZleba Secdomebi amisTana ganaCenebSi. sisxlis samar
Tlis saqmeebze sxva da sxva garemoebebs aqvs gavlena. aqvs gavlena
vTqvaT imas, Tu ra sulis kveTeba arsebobs dRes sazogadoebaSi. ra
nairi sazogadoebrivi weswyobilebaa da sxva. zog SemTxvevebSi sa
samarTlos warmomadgenlebs msajulebs ar SeuZlianT Caukvirdnen
yovel mxriv saqmes da Secdomebi advilia. magaliTebs mogaxsenebT.
sxvaTaSoris gadavavloT Tvali safrangeTs. vin warmoidgenda, rom
Joresis mkvleli gamarTlebuli iqneboda!? vin warmoidgenda sworeT
imas, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Joresis mkvlels gaamarTleb
da?! me mgonia, rom, Tu sasamarTlo gaarCevda saqmes ramodenime mok
le vadis Semdeg, Cven viqnebodiT mowme sul sxva dadgenilebisa. ma
gram ramodenime wlis Semdeg sul sxva dadgenilebas vxedavT. es aris
ilustracia imisa, rom SesaZlebelia Secdomebi da sxva da sxva dad
genilebani. unda iyos imisTana instancia, imisTana dawesebuleba, ro
melic aRWurvilia uflebebiT saqmis gadasinjvisa. anu Sewynarebisa.
amisTana arzebi ukve aris damfuZnebel krebaSi: damfuZnebel kre
bis saxelze ukve aris Semotanili Txovna Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. Tqven
brZanebT, rom damfuZnebelma krebam dRes ganuxilvelaT dastovos
aseTi Txovnebi. magram Tqven ar ganmarteT, ra msvleloba unda mieces
am arzebs. Tu Tqven stovebT am arzebs ganuxilvelaT, maS vin unda
ganixilos? es dRevandeli dRiuri sakiTxia. momwifebuli sakiTxia
da Cven dadgenileba unda gamovitanoT: erTis xelis mosmiT ki ver
moviSorebT am kiTxvebs.
yovel moqalaqes aqvs ufleba, rom Semoitanos Txovna damfuZneb
el krebis saxelze, miT umetesad Txovna, Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. me mgo
ni, rom amas ver uarvyofT. amisTana Txovnas gza unda mivceT. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, unda uCvenoT gza. Tu dameTanxmebiT me, rom Secdomebi
momxdara maSin unda gamovasworoT es. Cven vexebiT or kiTxvas. erTi
sadavo kiTxvaa. vin unda gaarCios Txovnebi sisxlis samarTlis saq
meebis Sesaxeb da meore ra msvleloba mivceT am dRevandel Txovnas
Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. unda mogaxsenoT, rom aseTi saqmeebi moiTxoven
dawvrilebiT gacnobas. zogjer didi mniSvneloba aqvT wvrilmaneb
sac da damfuZnebel krebas ara aqvs sakmarisi dro Caukvirdes wvril
manebs. amisTvis saTanado dawesebuleba unda iyos, rom daukvirdes
Txovnas, saqme gamoarkvios, da gamoitanos Sesaferisi daskvna. Cven
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momxreni varT, rom amisTana Txovnebi gadacemuli iqmnas mTavrobaSi,
magram Cven winaaRmdegni varT, rom amisTana uflebebi mieniWos erT
pirs, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares. mTavrobis kolegiam unda gadawyvi
tos aseTi kiTxvebi. rac Seexeba dRevandel Txovnebs, maTi SeCerebu
li unda iqnas. Cveni kanonebis mixedviT, mTavroba ar aris aRWurvili
am uflebebiT.
26 maiss erovnulma sabWom miiRo saxelmZRvanelod ruseTis kanone
bi. visa hqonda ufleba Sewynrebisa? es ufleba hqonda TviTmpyrobel
mefes. danarCen dawesebulebebs es ufleba ar hqondaT, garda imisa, rac
aRniSnuli iyo kerZo SemTxvevebSi, mag., saomo wesebis gamocxadebis
dros gubernators, anu jaris sardals hqonda ufleba, rom Seewyn
arebina Txovna, Seemcirebina sasjeli. rodesac Cven miviReT ruseTis
kanonebi saxelmZRvaneloT, CvenSi damyarebuli iyo sxva weswyobile
ba. damfuZnebelma krebam gamoacxada saqarTvelos damoukidebloba,
magram ar aRiara Zala Zveli kanonebisa. saqarTvelos parlamentis
mTavroba exeboda yovel kiTxvas, magram dRes am CveulebiTi wesiT
ver gadavwyvetavT sakiTxs, radganac saTanado kanoni ara gvaqvs. am
Cveulebas ver mivyvebiT. Cveni winadadebaa SemuSavdes kanon-proeqti.
garda amisa Cven winaSe aris kerZo kiTxva, kerZo Txovna, Txovna
braldebulebis Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. amaze aris laparaki. Tu gzas ar
mivcemT am Txovnebs, Tu ar SeviwynarebT, maSin dadgenileba sasamarT
losi sisruleSi iqneba moyvanili, da damfuZnebel krebisTvis es mov
lena araa sasurveli. asruleba am dadgenilebisa SeCerebuli unda
iqnas. msvleloba am qaRaldebisa SeCerebuli unda iqnas im dromde,
vidre ar gamovimuSavebT kanon-proeqts. iniciativa Cven xelT aris,
rom SemovitanoT kanon-proeqti amis Sesaxeb. Tu Tqven daadgebiT
momxsenebelis azrs, iuridiul komisiis azrs, moxdeba is, rasac ver
gavasworebT. davdgebiT faqtis winaSe da Cemis Rrma rwmeniT es mis
aRebi ar aris damfuZnebel krebis mier, da ar Seefereba mis Rirsebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) mec mgonia, rom Semotanili winadade
ba ar aris misaRebi. iq naTqvamia, rom is Txovnebi Sewyalebis Sesaxeb,
romelic Semosuli aris damfuZnebel krebaSi ganxiluli ar iqnebao.
ra saWiroa amis Tqma? es arc kanonia, arc kanon-proeqti, araferia,
es ubralo azria. (arseniZe: dadgenilebaa!) es dadgenilebac ar aris.
es ubralo azria. me mgonia am azris miReba am formiT miuRebelia.
me mainc vTxov krebas am sakiTxSi nu Seitans Relvas. es sakiTxi aris
sasamarTlos sakiTxi (xma: partiuli!) aq partiuli araferia. saqme
ise maqvs warmodgenili: viRacas, vsTqvaT, gadauwyvites sikvdiliT
dasja; yvela moqalaqes ufleba aqvs mimarTos vismes SesawynareblaT.
Tqven Tu am Semotanil winadadebas miiRebT xval albaT vismes Ca
moaxrCoben. sxva azri ki araferia; Cven moqalaqes xom ver wavarTmevT
uflebas, rom iTxovos Sewynareba? yovel kulturul qveyanaSi aris
aseTi wesi, ruseTSiac iyo aseTi; mihmarTavdnen xolme TxovniT impera
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tors. vis aqvs Sewynarebis ufleba exla? rasakvirvelia damfuZnebel
krebas. momxsenebelma sTqva, rom am SemTxvevaSi damfuZnebel krebas
SeuZlian SeiWras sasamarTlos sferoSi da arev-dareva Seitanoso. es
mosazreba ar aris marTali. aris respublikebi, sadac es ufleba aris,
magram araviTari arev-dareva ar Seaqvs. TiTon momxsenebelma brZana,
rom SveicariaSi aRmasrulebel organos ki ara aqvs es ufleba, ufle
ba aqvs sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaso. saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo
dawesebuleba Cveni damfuZnebeli krebaa, da Tavis Tavad cxadia rom
Sewynarebis uflebac isev damfuZnebel krebas aqvs.
saWiroa ganxorcieleba uflebisa da sxva araferi. roca Semova
Txovna unda gadaeces... (xma: sad?) batonebo, es Tqvenzea damokidebuli.
Tqven airCevT, romelime komisias, romelsac miandobT, rom ganixilos
Txovnebi. Tu aRmoCndeba Txovna, romelic Seexeba samoqalaqo saqmeebs
imis ganxilva saWiro ar aris. magram aris iseTi Txovnebi, romelic
Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs. amisTana Txovnebi ganxilul unda
iqmnas da sadac SesaZlebelia, sasjeli Semsubuqebuli. es humaniuri
idea aris. amitom Cven winaaRmdegni varT amisTana winadadebisa.
Cemi Txovna aris, _ momxsenebelma ukan waiRos Tavis winadadeba, an
krebam daadginos, rom airCes mcire komisia, romelsac daevaleba ganx
ilva yvela amisTana Txovnebisa. me mgonia Tavis azrs, rom warmoad
gens komisia, SeiZleba igi gaviziaroT; Tu winadadeba iqneba sasjelis
moxsnis Sesaxeb, da Tqven am dadgenilebas miiRebT amas didi mniSvn
eloba eqneba ara marto damnaSavesTvis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebi
saTvisac. es iseTi movlenaa, es iseTi moTxovnilebaa kacis bunebisa,
rom yovlad SeuZlebelia amis winaaRmdeg wavideT. ar SeiZleba mous
poT imedi yovelive im pirT, romelnic damnaSaveni arian, da imaT,
romelnic SeiZleba damnaSaveni ar iyvnen. danaSauloba, es sazogado
socialuri movlenaa, romlis xasiaTi da feri icvleba ise, rogorc
icvleba politikuri weswyobileba. erT xuTi wlis winaT Tqven yve
lani SeiZleba CamoxrCobilni yofiliyaviT marTalia, Tu ara? (so
cial-demokratebis mxriv: ver moaswariT) me maSinac cixeSi vijeqi da
SeiZleba Tqvenc CamsvaT. rodesac danaSauloba aseTi bunebis, aseTi
xasiaTisa aris, aucilebelia Sewyalebis instituti. es yvelgan aris.
amitom Cemi winadadebaa uarvyoT es winadadeba, romelic aris Se
motanili. mere komisia avirCioT am Txovnebis gansaxilvelaT da imas
davavaloT warmoadginos Tavisi daskvna.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) b. gvazavam ganacxada, rom aq partiuli arafe
riao. me marTali megona, da roca movismine imis sabuTebi, davrwmundi
sworeT winaaRmdegSi.
raSia saqme?
aq martivi debuleba aris: damfuZnebel krebam miando komisias
warmoadginos Tavisi mosazrebani, Tu ra bedi unda ewvios im Tx
ovnebs, romelnic Semosulia da romelnic SeiZleba Semovidnen amis
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Semdeg. b. gvazava ambobs, ratom ar aweria amas „kanoni“, an „dekreti“.
batonebo, amas aweria „dadgenileba“, es aris komisiis azri, romel
mac aq warmoadgina, da Semdeg Tu damfuZnebeli kreba gaiziarebs am
azrs, es iqneba dadgenileba damfuZnebel krebisa. batonebo, es ise
martivi saqmea, me mgonia, rom yvelas unda SeeZlos amis gageba (gvaza
va: saWiro ar aris, me vTqvi). magram, aq aris raRac partiuli Jinia
noba. es partiuli Jinianoba gamoixateba ubralo opozicioneroba
Si. ratom? im patara partiebs, romlebic dRes umciresobaSi arian,
ganzraxva aqvT, rom yvela sakiTxze aagon raRac gaugebroba. (xmauro
ba) me mesmis, rom es ukidures memarcxeneebma Caidinon, magram rode
sac amas sCadis warmomadgeneli saxelmwifoebriv partiisa... (gvaza
va: Sewynareba ar unda iyos saxelmwifoSi?) ho, da, me mgonia, sworeT
saxelmwifoebriv partiis warmomadgenelma unda icodes, rom ara
marto damnaSaves aqvs ufleba, _ damfuZnebel krebasac aqvs ufleba
(gvazava; mere ra?). Tqven imdens laparakobT damnaSavis uflebaze, da
erTxelac ar sTqviT, rom ra ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas (gvaza
va: kargaT dagigdiaT yuri!)
Tqven brZanebT, usaTuoT damfuZnebelma krebam unda gaarCios es
sakiTxio. Cven ki vfiqrobT, rom damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba, ma
gram is iqceva imis da mixedviT, Tu ramdenaT esa Tu is nabiji iqneba
mizanSewonili, rom esa Tu is nabiji, romelsac is gadasdgams, Seef
ereba saxelmwifoebriv interess. exla me mogaxsenebT raSia aq dava.
aq brZanes, rom damnaSaves ufleba aqvs Sewynareba iTxovos da imi
tom usaTuoT arsebiTad unda gavarCioT misi Txovnao. b. gvazava amas
asabuTebs imiT, rom TviTmpyrobelobis dros amis ufleba hqonda xel
mwifes da dRes damfuZnebel krebaso. me mgonia, rom Cvenma erovnul
ma sabWom, romelic Semdeg parlamentaT gamocxadda, 26 maiss miiRo
damoukideblobis aqtTan erTad is debuleba, rom yvela is kanoni,
romelic ar aris gauqmebuli, ZalaSi rCeba. Zveli kanonebiT Sewynare
bis ufleba hqonda xelmwife imperators da Semdeg droebiT mTavro
bas, romelic iyo petrogradSi; da am droebiT mTavrobis Semdeg es
ufleba gadmovida Cvens mTavrobaze (gvazava: ho! amaSia saqme?) dRem
dis ki am mTavrobas SeeZlo am sakiTxis gadawyveta. exla, rasakvirve
lia, Cven SegviZlian es ufleba wavarTvaT mTavrobas, Tu davinaxavT,
rom es saWiroa. aq rom irCeodes romelime principialuri sakiTxi,
magaliTad saerTo amnistiis Sesaxeb, es mesmis. mTavrobas Cven ar va
ZlevT uflebas, rom amnistia gamoacxados. Cven maSin miviRebT kanons
Tu amas saWiroT davinaxavT, an Tu vinme keTil inebebs da Semoitans
Sesafer kanons. magram aq sakiTxi exeba ara amnistias, ara saerTo kat
egoriis gansazRvras, aramed konkretiul SemTxvevebs, konkretiul
TxovnaT (xmauroba) bat. gvazava, da bat. baraTaSvili gvirCeven, rom
aq daviwyoT sakiTxis garCeva. magram, ramdenaT mizanSewonili da mo
saxerxebelia es? (gvazava: SveicariaSi?) rogor SeiZleba, rom varCi
oT amdeni sakiTxebi?, Tqven iciT, rom damnaSaveni bevrni arian. bevrs
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aqvs gadawyvetili sikvdiliT dasja, zogs kidev sxva sasjeli, da Tu
Cven miviRebT Tqvens azrs, daviwyebT sxdomaze, Txovnebis garCevas,
cxadia maSin damfuZnebeli kreba gadiqceva sasamarTlo uwyebaT, sa
samarTlo uwyebis aparataT.
b. baraTaSvili brZanebs: damfuZnebel krebas, TiTon ar SeuZlian
es, amisTvis man unda gamoyos komisiao, magram, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ra
unda qnas am komisiam praqtikulaT? daadgeba Tu ara ubralo gulke
Tilobis gzas da ityvis „ivane Seiwyalos,- xolo petres ar Seumsub
uqdes sasjeli?“
Tavis TavaT cxadia, rom komisiam arsebiTaT unda ganixilos saqme,
unda gaecnos im masalebs, romelic aris ama Tu im dasjil piris Ses
axeb mogrovili. me vekiTxebi b. baraTaSvils, romelic iuristi brZan
deba, rogor SeuZlian komisias, rom imis Sesaxeb agrovos masalebi!
(gvazava: rogor xdeba SveicariaSi?) (Tavmjdomare: umorCilesaT gTx
ovT adgilidan nu laparakobT) b. gvazavam icis ra kanoni aris Sveica
riaSi, da unda icodes, ra kanonebi gvaqvs Cven. sagangebo sasamarTlo,
kanonis ZaliT, ara swers oqmSi mowmebis Cvenebas; rodesac sagangebo
sasamarTlo saqmes gadaswyvets da gamoitans rame ganaCens da rodesac
Tqven am saqmes SeudgebiT, _ rezoliuciis mets iq verafers naxavT. da
me gekiTxebiT Tqven, rogor SegiZlianT am saqmis Sesaxeb iqonioT msj
eloba, SeumsubuqoT Tu ar SeumsubuqoT? (xma: mTavrobas rogor Seu
Zlian?) Tavis TavaT cxadia, rom maSin mowmebs unda daekiTxoT. Tqven
tyuilad ggoniaT, rom Cven amiT usaTuod gvinda mTavrobas mivaniWoT
raRac prerogativebi. Cven amas ar mogaxsenebT. Cven vambobT, rom dam
fuZnebeli kreba amas ver SesZlebs, amas ver gaakeTebs.
rac Seexeba Semdeg _ wess, amisTvis saWiroa gamoices wesi, ga
moices kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs im movaleobas, ityvis Tu vis
ekuTvnis es ufleba, ekuTvnis parlaments, mTavrobas Tu sxva raime
organos. eg Semdegi sakiTxi iqneba, magram dRes kiTxva imaSia, riTi
ixelmZRvanelos damfuZnebelma krebam, rom marTlac SesZlos am
saqmeebis garCeva, SeuZlian Tu ara fizikuraT, da aqvs Tu ara amis
saSualeba, kidevac rom dawvrilmandes, rom daiwyos am saqmeebis
garCeva. me vambob, rom damfuZnebel krebas es dadgenileba dawvr
ilmanebamdis miiyvanda. im opozicias, romelic aq opozicionerobs,
surs, rom es damfuZnebeli kreba gadaiqces raRac komisiaT, Torem
am opoziciam unda icodes, rom ramdenime asi saqmea mogrovili,
sasamarTloSi da rodesac arsebiTaT SevudgebiT erTi sakiTxis
garCevas, rogorc ar unda iyos Sedegi: uaryofiTi, Tu dadebiTi,
Tavis TavaT cxadia, yvela isini Tqven mogmarTaven, da aris Tu ara,
Seefereba Tu ara damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebas, gamomdinareobs misi
muSaobis interesidan, rom Seudges am wvrilman sakiTxis gadaWras...
(gvazava: samarTalia!) simarTlisTvis, b. gvazava, arsebobs sasamarT
lo, Tqvengan ara erTxel gagvigia, rom arsebobs damoukidebeli
sasamarTlo, romelSiac administracia da sxva vinme ar unda Caeri
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os. ai, baton baraTaSvilis loRika mesmis me. iman icis, rom marTla
Secdoma SesaZlebelia, magaliTaT Joresis mkvleli gaamarTles. ro
gor unda baraTaSvils, _ xom ar surs rom daiWiros damfuZnebelma
krebam sasamarTlos mier gamarTlebuli piri. Tavis TavaT cxadia,
rom am saqmeSi Cven ar vereviT, aq Careva SeuZlebeli aris, garda
amisa, rom Cven amiT davcemT prestiJs TviT sasamarTloisas, damou
kidebel sasamarTlos princips. Cven ara erTxel gagvigonia, rom sa
samarTlos prestiJi unda maRla idges, rom mTavroba ar unda Caeri
os am sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi. da dRes ki Tqven ambobT, rom Cven
unda CaverioT am sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi, es Cven SeuZleblaT
migvaCnia.
aq aris erTi seriozuli sakiTxi, romelic gamosTqva soc.-revoli
ucionerebis warmomadgenelma. aq aris sakiTxi sikvdiliT dasjis
Sesaxeb. es me mesmis, es principialuri dava aris. magram, batonebo,
Cven gvaqvs kanoni parlamentis mier miRebuli sikvdiliT dasjis.
(xmauroba), avia es kanoni, Tu kargia, dRes es kanonia. da visac unda
amis gamo astexos principialuri dava, visac unda kanoni Sescvalos,
man unda Semoitanos iseTi kanon-proeqti, romelSiac iqneba naTqvami:
kanoni sikvdiliT dasjisa unda gauqmebuli iyos, da unda moispos.
magram, ratomRac agre ar iqceviT... (xmauroba). ra brZaneT? (Tavm
jdomare: umorCilesaT gTxovT, nu laparakobT). diax, Tumca Tqven
deklaraciaSi dagvpirdiT, magram Tqven deklaraciis davaleba ar
SeasruleT. Cven ver vixileT asruleba Tqveni dapirebisa, Tqven ver
warmoadgineT dasabuTebuli kanon-proeqti, romelic moiTxovs, sik
vdiliT dasjis gauqmebas. magram warmoadgenT _ maSin vilaparakoT.
dRes ki warmodgenilia kerZo SemTxveva. warmodgenilia Txovnebi da
am Txovnebze aris laparaki, da ara sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebaze,
da Tu Tqven ar mogwonT kanoni, romeliTac SemoRebulia sikvdil
iT dasja, Tqven SegiZlianT gaauqmoT is kanoni, magram, sanam ar aris
mospobili es kanoni, am konkretiul SemTxvevaze unda vilaparakoT,
da es konkretiul SemTxveva ar gvaZlevs araviTar sabuTs, rom gavar
CioT yoveli Txovna arsebiTad. aq, marTalia, aris kiTxva sikvdiliT
dasjisa. es Txovna mTavrobas ukve gaurCevia da uari uTqvams. Tavis
Tavad cxadia, rom Cven ar varT Tqvenze naklebi gulkeTilni, da Tu
gulkeTilobaze aSeneben federalistebi da es erebi saxelmwifos,
magram mikvirs b. gvazava rogor fiqrobs saxelmwifo aaSenos gulke
Tilobaze. (gvazava: Sewynareba). rac Seexeba Sewynarebas, amaze Cven
vambobT, rom dRes-dReobiT es kiTxva, Sewynarebisa gadasulia mTav
robaze, mTavrobas SeuZlian amaze imsjelos. Tu daarRveven kanons,
Cven amis Sesaxeb SegviZlian SekiTxva SevitanoT, da mTavrobas pasuxi
vagebioT. Cven ki ar vTvliT mizanSewonilaT kerZo SemTxvevebi ga
varCioT; es iqneba (xma: anarqia!) Selaxva damfuZnebel krebis presti
Jisa (gvazava: piriqiT!) da Tu Tqven ggoniaT, rom damfuZnebel krebis
prestiJs, interess icavT, me mgonia amiT Tqven SecdomaSi veravis ver
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SeiyvanT. Cven kargaT viciT Tqveni programa, Tqveni warsuli moq
medeba, Tqveni awmyo, da Cven viciT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic
amyarebs demokratiul respublikas, Sors sdgas Tqvens idealebTan.
da me mikvirs, rom Tqven raRac ukidures demokratizms icavT... es
Tqven sxvas miandeT da gaakeTeT is, risi gakeTebac SegiZlianT (gva
zava: me sworeT namdvili demokrati var, da Tqven ki proletariis
demokrati!).
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s r.) moqalaqeno! me mgonia, rom Cven ar gvsurs gav
igoT es sakiTxi, Torem is sruliad advili gadasawyvetia,
gveubnebian: „SemoitaneT kanonproeqti, gaauqmeT is kanoni, rome
lic arsebobs, da sikvdiliT dasja, rogorc sazizRari instituti,
moispobao.“ Tqven gemaxsovrebaT Cveni fraqciis deklaracia, romel
ic moxsenda damfuZnebel krebas pirvel sxdomaze. Cven iq moviTxovT
sikvdiliT dasjis institutis gauqmebas. SesaZlebelia Cven calke
kanonproeqtic SemovitanoT damfuZnebel krebaSi, magram ar vici, ra
bedi ewveva am kanonproeqts komisiaSi. da damfuZnebel krebamdisac,
rom moaRwios sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis kanonproeqtma, mas aq mainc
daasamareben.
social-demokratiul partiis meTaurma b. noe Jordaniam pirvel
saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi xma misca sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas, maSa
sadame sruliad bunebrivi iqneba, rom TviT social-demokratiuli
fraqcia Semoitandes damfuZnebel krebaSi sikvdiliT dasjis gauqme
bis kanonproeqts, magram, albaT, soc.-demokratebi exla iseT pirobeb
Si imyofebian, rom isini aSkarad gaurbian da uaryofen imas, rasac
isini odesme icavdnen. magram exla sruliad zedmetia amaze laparaki.
Cveni sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi arsebobs sikvdiliT dasja, ro
gorc sasjeli da Cven am faqtidan gamovdivarT, roca moviTxovT, rom
damfuZnebelma krebam ganixilos im pirTa Txovnebi, romelTac sikv
diliT dasja aqvT misjilni da romelnic Sewynarebas Txouloben.
sasamarTlos, saqmis garCevis Semdeg, gamoaqvs Tavisi ganaCeni dam
naSave pirisaTvis, sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda iqnes sisruleSi moy
vanili. ai swored am dros Semoaqvs damnaSaves Sewynarebis Txovna
damfuZnebel krebaSi. damnaSave imas-ki ar moiTxovs, rom Tqven xel-ax
la arsebiTad gaarCioT misi saqme, is iTxovs Tqvengan Sewynarebas, sas
jelis Semsubuqebas. es momarTva damfuZnebel krebisadmi ukanaskneli
imedi da nugeSia sikvdiliT misjil pirTaTvis da am ukanasknel imeds
Tqven maT ver waarTmevT. dedamiwis zurgze ar yofila arc erTi des
potiuri saxelmwifo, romelsac waerTmios damnaSave da gansjil pir
TaTvis Sewynarebis TxovniT mimarTvis ufleba.
ramodenime piri, romelTac sasamarTlos mier sikvdiliT dasja
aqvT gadawyvetili, mogvmarTaven Cven da gvTxoven sasjelis Semsub
uqebas. isini mogvmarTaven Cven, damfuZnebel krebas, rogorc umaRles
organos saxelmwifoSi da muxlmodrekilni iTxoven Sewynarebas, md
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gomareobis Semsubuqebas. damfuZnebel krebas ufleba aqvs da is val
debulic aris Sewynarebis Txovnebi ganixilos. damfuZnebel krebas
SeuZlia zogierT SemTxvevaSi sruliad apatios damnaSave pirs sas
jeli, zogierT SemTxvevaSi Seumsubuqos da zogierT SemTxvevaSic-ki
sruliad uyuradReboT dastovos damnaSave piris Txovna. yvela amis
ufleba aqvs mxolod damfuZnebel krebas. SeuZlebelia, ambobden, Cems
win molaparake oratorebi, rom damfuZnebelma krebam miiRos Tavis
Tavze kerZo pirTa Txovnebis ganxilva, radganac aseTi precedenti,
rom SevqmnaT, auarebeli Txovna Semova, damfuZnebel kreba dawvril
mandeba, Tu Txovnebis ganxilvas Seudgao.
marTalia, Txovnebis ganxilvis texnikuri saSualebac unda gam
onaxos damfuZnebelma krebam, magram amaze laparaki jer naadrevia.
Cven jer principialurad unda gadavwyvitoT umTavresi sakiTxi,
unda ganixilos Tu ara damfuZnebelma krebam saerTod yvela Tx
ovnebi, romlebiTac moqalaqeni mimarTaven TviT damfuZn. krebas. Tu
yvela Txovnebs damfuZnebeli kreba ar ganixilavs, SesaZlebelia im
pirTa Txovnebi mainc ganixilos, romelTac sasamarTlos ganaCeniT
sikvdiliT dasja aqvT gamotanili. Tu Cven am sakiTxs dadebiT ga
davsWriT, maSin SegviZlia vilaparakoT Txovnebis ganxilvis texni
kur saSvalebaze.
Cven SegviZlia, magaliTad amovirCioT gansakuTrebuli komisia,
romelSiac Seva yvela fraqciis warmomadgeneli. es komisia valdebu
li iqneba ganixilos damfuZnebel krebis saxelze Semosuli Txovnebi;
wvrilmani Txovnebi SeiZleba ar gaarCios am komisiam, SeiZleba komi
siam sxva da sxva msvleloba misces sxva da sxva xasiaTis Txovnebs, ma
gram komisiam usaTuod unda ganixilos im pirTa Txovna, romelTac
misjili aqvT sikvdiliT dasja da romlebic Sewynarebas, an sasje
lis Semsubuqebas Txouloben. iseTi sasjelis sisruleSi moyvana, ro
goric aris sikvdiliT dasja, met sifrTxiles moiTxovs Cvengan. Tu
romelime piri CamoaxrCves, Semdeg kidec rom gamoirkves misi udana
Sauloba, yovlad SeuZlebelia saiqiodan misi dabruneba. SesaZlebe
lia, sasamarTlo Secda sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCenis gamotanis dros
da Tu Cven am SemTxvevaSi damnaSave pirs es ukanasknels saSualeba _
momarTva damfuZnebeli krebisadmi, movuspoT, maSin Cven TviTon Cavi
denT did usamarTlobas.
Cven ar gvaqvs araviTari ufleba wavarTvaT es ukanaskneli imedi
iseT ubedur pirT, romelTac zogierT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Sec
domiT sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamoutana. amitom Cveni fraqcia
moiTxovs, rom damfuZnebelma krebam usaTuod aseTi Txovnebi ganix
ilos, amaTanave Cven winaaRmdegi viqnebiT, rom Sewynarebis ufleba
mivaniWoT erT romelime pirs, magaliTad prezidents, an da aRmas
rulebel organos _ mTavrobas. Sewynarebis ufleba unda Seadgendes
mxolod damfuZnebel krebis prerogativas.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
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iese baraTaSvili. Cemi azri gaimeores, magram damfuZnebel kre
bis wevrs niniZes ver gaugia.
me pirdapir ganvacxade, komisiam ki ar unda ganixilos, komisiam
unda daimuSavos saTanado kanon-proeqti.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom es sakiTxi Sewyalebisa da sasamarTlos dad
genilebis Sesaxeb ar aris sakiTxi safilantropio. es aris uflebrivi
sakiTxi, yovelive saxelmwifos kanonSi aris aRniSnuli Sewyalebis
kiTxva. (xma: marTalia!) ai aq brZaneben, rom marTaliao, Cven sworeT
am samarTals mivdevT. da sworeT Cven gvinda, rom kanoni Seiqmnes.
Cven vamtkicebT,rom es prerogativaa damfuZnebel krebisa da Cven
gvinda, rom es prerogativa kanonSi Camoyalibdes. (arseniZe: Tanaxma
varT!) Tqven brZanebT, rom Tanaxma varTo, maSin me ver gamigia Tqveni
sawinaaRmdego azri. me mogaxsenebT, rom amisTana ufleba Cven mTav
robas ara aqvs, me pasuxi miviRe miTom Cveni ufleba gadaveciT Cven
mTavrobasao. es brZana krebis wevrma niniZem. kidev brZana, rom ruse
Tis axalma mTavrobam miiRo es kanonio. es ese ar aris. me sxvanairad
mesmis. ruseTis droebiT mTavrobam gaauqma sikvdiliT dasja, mere
kidev SemoiRo, magram araviTari kiTxva ar iyo aRZruli Sewynare
bis uflebebis Sesaxeb. ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba iyo aRWurvili
uzenaesi uflebebiT. revoliucionuri wesiT yvelaferi dasaSvebia.
magram aqedan ver gamoviyvaneT daskvnas, rom Cvenc unda mivbaZoT. me
migiTiTebT imaze, rom kanoni unda Seiqmnas imis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara
mTavrobas ufleba Sewynarebisa? krebis wevrma niniZem, gvamcno, rom
mTavrobam uari ganacxadao, braldebulis Txovnaze, me mgoni rom es
aris ukanono qmedeba, Cven vdgevarT uflebriv niadagze, martoka
keTil survilze ar aris laparaki Tqven winaSe.
me vambob iuridiuli komisia iqneba, Tu sxva raime komisia, an mTav
roba, amis Sesaxeb kanon-proeqti damuSavebuli unda iqnas.
amisdamixedviT aRar gavagrZeleb sityvas, radganac Cemi azri na
Teli iyo. Semomaqvs Semdegi winadadeba: (kiTxulobs)
„moxseneba sasamarTlos ganaCenebis gamo Semosul arzebis ganxil
vis Sesaxeb daubrundes iuridiul komisias saTanado kanonproeqtis
SesamuSaveblad, mxolod msvleloba Semosul Txovnebisa da Suamd
gomlobaTa SeCerdes da sisxlis samarTlis ganaCenebi ar iqnes sis
ruleSi jer jerobiT moyvanili“.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi Sewyvetili gaxlavT. sityva ekuTvnis mom
xsenebels.
daviT oniaSvili. erTi qarTuli andaza aris: „rZeze SeSinebu
li dos uberavdao“; social-revoliucionerebi amas amarTleben. so
cial-revoliucionerebis warmomadgenels yvelgan monarqia elande
ba. elandeba iq, sadac monarqiis aCrdilic ar aris. am dadgenilebaSi
sxvaTaSoris, eserebis warmomadgenelma dainaxa raRac tendencia, da
monarqiis Seqmnis survili. magram TiTonac mSvenivrad icis, rom aseTi
survili sruliaTac ar aris CvenSi. aq sakiTxi ubraloT sdgas. saer
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Tod aq ar aris dasmuli uflebrivi sakiTxi. damfuZnebeli kreba Sewyn
arebis da Secvlis uflebis sasamarTlos dadgenilebisas aravis ar
uTmobs. Cven mxolod imas vambobT, rom mizanSewonilobis mxriv ukeTe
saT iqneboda yvela axali sakiTxi ar ganexila damfuZnebel krebas (xma:
ese igi uTmobs mTavrobas!) me marTali vTqvi, rom sxvanairi dadgenile
ba, am sakiTxSi Seqmnis did texnikur dabrkolebas. krebis wevrma Senge
laiam amaze mipasuxa rom, aseTive dabrkoleba iqneba mTavrobisTvis. es
ar aris marTali. aq 130 kaczed meti aris, mTavrobaSi ki sul 5 kacia.
me kidev vimeoreb rom, damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis uflebaze sruli
ad ar iRebs xels. da Tu moxda qveynis SemaSfoTebeli saqme, rogorc
Joresis mokvla, razedac migviTiTa social-federalistebis warmo
madgenelma, me maSinac vsTqvi da exlac vimeoreb, damfuZnebel krebas
sruli ufleba aqvs Caerios aseT saqmeebSi da gamoitanos konkreti
uli dadgenileba, ama Tu im saqmis Sesaxeb, romelsac marTla saxel
mwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs.
Semdeg gadavdivar im mosazrebaze, romelic wamoayena soc., fed
er warmomadgenelma. Cemis azriT, is azri, rom aq Cven vlaparakobT
mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, da samoqalaqo procesi ki sul
sxvaa, aseTi dayofa sakiTxebisa maSin, rodesac laparaki aris Sew
ynarebis sakiTxze, SeuZlebelia, dadgenilebis saTauri aseTia; „iu
ridiul komisiis dadgenileba, sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamo Semosul
arzis ganxilvis“.
aq laparaki ar aris sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, arc samoqalaqo
saqmeebze. is mosazreba, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs ufro meti
wona da sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre samoqalaqo saqmeeb
so, me mgonia, Secdoma unda iyos. ase msjelobs ubralo soflis kaci.
misi warmodgeniT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi yovelTvis sisxli
urevia, yovelTvis saxrCobelaze aris laparaki, kacis kvlaze, da am
itom aseT saqmeebs ufro didi mniSvneloba aqvT, vidre samoqalaqo
saqmeebs. magram Tu saqmes saboloo Sedegis mxriv SexedavT, samoqa
laqo process iseTive saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc
sisxlis samarTals. maSasadame sakiTxi principialurad unda iqnes
dayenebuli. damfuZnebeli kreba an ereva yvela saqmeebSi, an da arc
erT saqmeSi ar ereva.
b-n gvazavas SeniSvnis Sesaxeb me bevrs aras vityvi.
man Sveicariaze migviTiTa, da gviTxra: SveicariaSi es aris da
CvenSiac es unda iyoso,. b. gvazavasagan sxvagan xSirad gamigonia,
sayveduri, rom Cven dasavleT evropis magaliTebs vbaZavT. exla ki
TviTon xelmZRvanelobs am magaliTebiT, rodesac sruliad ar aris
saWiro cxra mTas iqiT wasvla. rodesac Cven anarqiis qartexili ver
mogviSorebia Tavidan, mibaZva Sveicariisa sruliad usargebloa. me
darwmunebuli var, rom dRes damfuZnebel krebam miandos es saqmeebi
romelime komisias, albad es iuridiul, komisia iqneba, iq umal aTaso
biT Semova Txovnebi (gvazava: Sewynareba unda iyos Tu ara?) ar vici
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ras daarqmevT am komisias, magram me erTi unda vTqva: komisiebiT, rom
saqme keTdebodes, Cvenze bednieri eri dedamiwis zurgzed ar iqnebo
da. am mizniT daarsebuli komisia Zalauneburad sasamarTlod gadai
qceva. (gvazava: Sewyaleba) diax Cven, rom aseTi winadadeba miviRoT,
maSinve daecema avtoriteti sasamarTlosi. iseT saxelmwifoSi, sadac
komisias SeuZlian sasamarTlos dadgenilebis Secvla, mosamarTleo
bas aravin ikisrebs. rasakvirvelia Sewynareba unda iyos, Cven moqa
laqes ver wavarTmevT amis uflebas, magram am Sewynarebas yovelTvis
aqvs Tavis kanoni, da wesi. me mxolod imas vambob, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba amisTana saqmeebSi ar unda Caerios. vidre ar iqneba miRebuli
saTanado kanoni, manamdis (gvazava: manam CamovaxrCoT!) darCeba dRe
vandeli wesi.
rac Seexeba federalistebis gancxadebas, me movigoneb, rom maga
Ti warmomadgeneli aris iuridiul komisiaSi, da ramdenadac maxsovs,
rodesac es sakiTxi irCeoda komisiaSi, man mxari dauWira, sworeT im
debulebas, romelic gamoxatuli aris am kanonSi.
Tavmjdomare. amrigad kamaTi damTavrebuli gaxlavT. Semosulia
eserebis winadadeba, rom es sakiTxi daubrundes komisias. me kenWs
uyri am winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame uaryofilia.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? ara
vin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
daviT oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs).
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis saxelze Semosuli Txovnebi da
Suamdgomlobani, romelnic sasamarTlos ganaCenis Secvlas Seexeba, _
damfuZnebeli krebis mier ganuxilveli rCeba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) fraqciis saxeliT Semomaqvs winadadeba:
„iuridiul komisiis dadgenileba“ Seicvalos ase: damfuZnebeli kre
bis dadgenileba.
Cven xom komisiis dadgenlebas ar miviReT. miRebulia damfuZne
bel krebis dadgenileba. ese unda Seicvalos.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. sityva ekuTvnis momxse
nebels.
daviT oniaSvili. me Tanaxma, var, rom ase iyos.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aseTi gaxlavT; ra saTauri iyos: „dam
fuZnebeli krebis dadgenileba“, „iuridiul komisiis dadgenilebis“
magier.
kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebulia.
pirvel muxls uyri kenWs. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
exla sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels gancxadebisTvis.
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mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis gancxadeba.
271
Tqven Zalian kargad mogexsenebaT Tu ra fsiqologiur atmos
feras Seqmnida es Cvens jarebSi. Tqven iciT, rom molodini, romelSi
ac sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyo Cveni jari, xels Seuwyobda Cveni fron
tis dezorganizacias, magram, sabednierod, Cven Tamamad SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, rom es gamocdac ki mSvenivrad daiWira Cvenma gvardiam da
jarma da mis dezorganizaciaze laparaki zedmetia. magram yvelafers
unda hqondes dasasruli, da saqarTvelos mTavroba fiqrobs, rom ase
Ti dasasruli swored dRes unda migveca. Cven gvqonda amisi ufleba,
me mets vityvi _ es iyo Cveni movaleoba respublikis winaSe.
unda vamcno damfuZnebel krebas, rom 9 am Tvisas ukve daiwyo
ajanyeba soWis olqSi, Cven gvaqvs utyuari cnobebi, rom am ajanyebam
miiRo masiuri xasiaTi. mTeli xalxi, ganurCevlad erovnebisa, ajan
yda moxaliseTa jarebis nawilebis winaaRmdeg. amave dros imasac
unda gausva xazi, rom gansakuTrebul represiul zomebs moxaliseTa
jaris Stabi Rebulobda adgilobriv qarTvelobis mimarT da rogorc
amas Cven vtyobilobT soWis moxaliseTa jaris ufrosis oficialur
gancxadebisagan, ajanyebulTa meTaurad qarTveloba miaCniaT.
daisva Cvens winaSe Semdegi kiTxva: rogor unda moqceuliyo am
pirobebSi saqarTvelos mTavroba? hqonda Tu ara mas ufleba daecada
kidev? mTavrobam es kiTxva uaryofilad gadaswyvita Semdegi mosaz
rebiT. Tundac daejerebina moxaliseTa jaris Stabis gancxadeba, rom
iq, soWis olqSi swarmoebs balSevikuri moZraoba, Cven vfiqrobT, imis
cda Tu riTi gaTavdeboda es SebrZoleba ajanyebulebTa da moxalise
Ta Soris, Cven am cdis ufleba ar gvqonda, radganac Cven ar gveWira
iseTi sazRvrebi, romelic gvaZlevden garantias, rom Cveni respub
lika uzrunvelyofili iqmneboda Tavdasxmisagan. gaimarjvebda mox
aliseTa jari Tu balSevikebi, CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive
iyo. CvenTvis safrTxe mainc realuri iyo, radganac vimeoreb, rom
CvenTvis sasurveli strategiuri sazRvari, punqti ar gveWira. imave
dros isic unda miiRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom SebrZoleba bolSevikuri
da moxaliseTa jarisa exla Tan da Tan farTo xasiaTs Rebulobs da
swored iq, sadac CvenTvis exla safrTxe metad sagrZnobelia vidre
dRevandelamdis iyo, radganac es safrTxe TandaTan Cvensken moiwvevs
da am dros saqarTvelos mTavrobas, rasakvirvelia, ar hqonda ufleba
amis winaSe dayoneba, da ar daeWira is punqti, romelic mas strate
giulad saWirod da aucileblad miaCnia, da amitomac mTavrobam es
gadawyvetileba miiRo.
dRes diliT ukve moxda gadasvla mdinare bzibze. amasTan unda
aRvniSnoT Tqvens winaSe, rom iq mdgom inglisis jariskacebTan ar
aviTari Setakeba ar momxdara, Cveni jari ukve gadavida md. bzibze,
waiwia win da dRes Tu xval davikavebT im sazRvrebs, romelic uzrun
velhyofen Cvens respublikas (taSi).
me mgonia, moqalaqeno, rom am sapasuxismgeblo momentis dros mTe
li Cveni xalxi kvlavindeburad, ise, rogorc winad fexze dadgeba da
272
Seecdeba SeebrZolos yovelnair safrTxes, aris es safrTxe moxali
seebis reaqciisa, Tu balSevikebis anarqiisa. ai swored am imediT, am
xalxis TanagrZnobiT, Cven gadavdgiT es nabiji da Cven darwmunebulni
varT rom mTeli xalxi erTsulovanad daicavs Cvens respublikas da
Tavisuflebas! (taSi).
273
Ta sardlobam, es Zaladobac ki iTmina Cvenma mTavrobam mTeli Tvee
bis ganmavlobaSi. man bevri eZia, yoveli saSualeba miiRo, yoveli
RonisZieba ixmara, rom es sakiTxi mSvidobianis gziT, sisxlis dauR
vrelad gadaeWra, da mxolod yvela RonisZiebis amowurvis Semdeg,
rodesac daikarga yoveli imedi moxaliseTa jarebisagan Cveni saz
Rvrebis ganTavisuflebisa, is iZulebuli gaxda iaraRisaTvis miemar
Ta. sxvagvarad arc SeeZlo. sadac sityva ar sWris, iq samarTali unda
aRadginos xmalma. es aris ukanaskneli sabuTi. sxva ukanaskneli sabu
Ti amis gareSe, sxva ukanaskneli argumenti sazogado cxovrebaSi ar
moipoveba. Cven ara gvaqvs arc saerTaSoriso tribunali Tavisi iZu
lebiTi, ZaldatanebiTi zomebiT da arc sxva ram aseTi. maSasadame,
dagvrCenia erTad erTi gza: rodesac usamarTloni xmliT, iaraRiT
dagvadgebian Tavze da moisurveben Cven Semusvras, Cvens ganadgure
bas, Cvens mospobas, Cvenc iZulebuli varT mTeli Cveni Zal-Rone vix
maroT, rom es Zalmomreoba Tavidan aviciloT. swored aseTi xasiaTi
aqvs im gankargulebis micemas, rom Cvenma jarma bzibis napirebidan
win waiwios im mizniT, rom daiWiros is sazRvrebi, romelic saqarTve
los respublikis udavo nawilad aris cnobili da romelsac TviT Cve
ni mopirdapire am Jamad iq mdgomi, saqarTvelos respublikis nawilad
sTvlida. ai aseTi gaxlavT mdgomareoba, arsebiTi mxare am sakiTxisa.
Cven ar SegviZlian sxvagvarad SevxedoT am sakiTxs, verc sxva rome
lime Zala, ginda politikuri mimarTuleba ganixilavs am sakiTxs sxva
gvarad, raime sxva TvalTaxedviT.
magram aq aris kidev erTi garemoeba, damatebiTi. is rom, am SemTx
vevaSi, Cven gvaqvs saqme ara raime saxelmwifoebriv erTeulTan, ar
amed raRac sruliad gansakuTrebul krebulTan, romelic am SemTx
vevaSi ar eqvemdebareba arc saxelmwfoebriv ideas, arc eyrdnoba
romelime ers da xalxs an klass sazogadoebisa, an sxva raime garkveul
erTeuls. aq Cven gvaqvs saqme mxolod jarTan, romelic Tavis teri
toriad sTvlis yvela imas, rasac daipyrobs, da romelic TiTon aRi
arebs Tavis Tavs mxolod moxaliseTa jaraT da imave dros batonobas
acxadebs, mTavrobaT xdeba iq, sadac fexs Sedgams. es erTgvari, raRac
gardamavali, uCveulo, istoriaSi ar yofili magaliTia, vinaidan is
kuTxeebi saidanac modis es jari, Seicavs sxva mTavrobas, magaliTad
yubanis mTavrobas.
yubanis mTavroba saqarTvelos oms ar ucxadebs, xolo moxaliseTa
jari ki saomrad modis. cxadia, es moxaliseTa jari am SemTxvevaSi,
gansxvavdeba yubanis mTavrobisgan. es asec aris, marTlac reaqcia _
revoliuciis talRebSi warmoiSva es gaugebari erTi SexedviT mov
lena, rodesac adgilobrivi mcxovreblebs adgilobriv mkvidrebs,
romelTac Seqmnes yubanis erTeuli, sruliad ar surT mtroba, brZo
la saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdeg, xolo moxaliseTa jari,
romelic imave teritoriaze scxovrobs, romelic mxolod da mxolod
reaqcionuri Zalebisagan da elementebisagan aris Semdgari, es Zala
274
Tavis Tavad Tavis sakuTar iaraRze da xiStze dayrdnobili, modis da
ipyrobs saqarTvelos sanapiroebs. ai es aris gansakuTrebuli Tviseba
am ukanaskneli brZolisa da Setakebisa.
cxadia, gasakvirvali ar aris, rom aseT ZalasTan molaparakebam
ar gasWra, masTan mSvidobianobis da zavis ena ar gavida, vinaidan es
xalxi warmoadgens ara raime pasuxis-mgebels erTeuls saxelmwifos
da xalxis winaSe, aramed SeiaraRebul Zalas, romelic Tavis iaraRiT
midis da ipyrobs qveynebs, arbevs, sZarcvavs, da am nadavliT scxov
robs. arsebobis wyaro am jarisa is aris, rom dapyrobili adgilebi
daarbios da iqidan amoRebul qonebiT Tavis Tavi asazdovos. da ai
sworeT amitom Setakeba am jarTan aucilebeli Seiqmna, aucilebe
li gaxda. SeiZleba bevri msxverpli Seiwiros Cveni jarisagan, Cveni
gvardiisagan am brZolam, magram mainc saWiroa, mainc aucilebelia am
boroti Zalis Tavidan moSoreba, vinaidan ar yofila arc erTi mxare,
sadac Camdgariyo moxaliseTa jari, rom TviT iqaur mcxovreblebSi
ajanyeba ar gamoewvios. ver naxavT verc erT kuTxes, sadac gamudme
biT sisxli ar iRvrebodes maTi Sesvlisa, aq yofnisa da maTi iqidan
wasvlis dros. am jaris CamoSorebis Semdeg Cven saSualeba mogvecema
ufro mWidro ufro megobrulad davukavSirdeT im mxares, im namd
vil adgilobriv interesebis mixedviT Seqmnil respublikebs, ro
melTa teritoriaze ase TavisuflaT da Tamamad daTareSoben moxa
liseTa jarebi.
me imeds gamovsTqvam am tribunidan, rom es Setakeba ar iqneba
yubanis respublikisagan gagebuli, rogorc Setakeba yubanis mTav
robasTan. Cven SegviZlian Tamamad ganvacxadoT araferi gasayofi, sa
davo donis... (xma: yubanis) arc yubanTan, arc yubanis yazaxebTan, arc
yubanis mTavrobasTan ara gvaqvs. Cven, am SeTxvevaSi, vebrZviT mxolod
moxaliseTa reaqcionur jars da gvinda misi Tavidan moSoreba ise,
rogorc misi Tavidan moSoreba surT soWis, novorosiis da saerTod
yubanis mcxovroblebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Rlonts.
Tevdore Rlonti. (s.f.) moqalaqeno, Cven gvgonia, rom damfuZne
beli krebis yvela fraqcia Tavis garkveul azrs ityvis am did poli
tikur mdgomiarebis Sesaxeb. me vambob politikur mdgomiareobis
Sesaxeb, imitom, rom SeiZleba arc erT saxelmwifoebriv jgufs aseTi
mniSvneloba ar hqondes romelime patara saxelmwifos damoukide
blobisTvis, rogorc aqvs denikinis jars.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom Cven
formalurad yoveli mxare SevasruleT imisTvis, rom arsebuli gan
wyobileba ar darRveuliyo soWis xalxis da iqauri mTavrobis Soris,
magram yovelgvari molaparakebis Semdeg denikinis jarma ar aasrula
Tavisi dapireba. daiWira sxva adgilebi. ganaviTara iq Tavisi poli
tika da amnairad gamoiwvia meored saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan
samxedro moqmedebis gaCaReba.
275
Cvenma fraqciam Tavis deklaraciaSi sTqva, rodesac aseTi saer
To sakiTxis win dadgeba saqarTvelos mTavroba da saqarTvelos re
spublika, socialist-federalistTa partia iqneba iq sadac unda
iyos mTeli xalxi. am SemTxvevaSiac Cven ar gvgonia rom aseTi mZime
iyos am tvirTis atana saqarTvelos respublikisTvis. Tumca didia
sakiTxi, magram Cven gvwams ufro advilad aitans saqarTvelos axlan
deli mTavroba. magram ranairadac ar unda aitanos Cven fraqciis am
sakiTxTan damokidebuleba erTia: yovelgvar Cven Zalebs, yovelgvar
Cven saSualebebs iqiTken movixmarT, rom am SemTxvevaSi da yovelg
var SemTxvevaSiac saqarTvelos respublikis saerTo saqme iqmnes dag
virgvinebuli. maSasadame Cveni saqme iqneba, rogorc sazogadoebaSi,
ise yvelgan ganvamtkicoT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis azri, da
xeli SeuSaloT mtris moqmedebas.
aq me minda erTi mcire momenti aRvniSno, Tu risTvis varT dain
teresebulni gansakuTrebul RonisZiebiT vibrZoloT denikinis mTav
robis winaaRmdeg. Cven gvgonia, rom denikinis mTavrobis gamarjveba,
denikinis jaris gamarjveba, es arsebiTad niSnavs saqarTvelos da
moukideblobis ganadgurebas, im SemTxvevaSiac marTlac rom aasru
los Tavisi winandeli dapirebebi strategiuli punktebis Sesaxeb,
ai am SemTxvevaSiac ki misi arseboba, misi arsebobis gaxangrZliveba,
misi gamarjveba, iqneba Cveni saxelmwifos ubedureba da Cveni saxel
mwifos sikvdili. Cven ase gvesmis imitom, vkiTxulobT: ra unda de
nikins saqarTveloSi Cvens winaaRmdeg? denikins is unda, rom aq Tav
isufali demokratia ar arsebobdes, da Tu vdgevarT demokratiul
safuZvelzed da gansakuTrebiT ufro socialistur safuZvelzed,
Cven vambobT: raki demokratizmi da socializmi gvinda da vibrZviT,
rom es demokratia gadavides socialistur demokratiul politiki
saken, maSasadame denikinis aq arsebisTvis kidev ufro autaneli iqne
ba, rom aq iyos socialisturi-demokratia. maSasadame socialistur
demokratiis batonobis TvalsazrisiT aucileblobas Seadgens deni
kinis damarcxeba. es aris reaqcionuri Zala, es aris uaryofa saqarT
velos demokratiul saxelmwifosi, ise rom denikinis jaris arsebo
ba ara marto Cven sazRvrebSi, aramed sazRvrebis ukanac, sazRvrebis
garSemoc ki es iqneba udidesi ubedureba, romelic SeiZleba moevli
nos saqarTvelos. Tqven mogexsenebaT es didi reaqcionuri Zala au
taneli gaxda soWis olqisTvis, Tqven iciT rom es reaqcionuri Zala
autaneli Seiqmna imave dros mTebSi mcxovreblebisTvis. mTielebma
Cven mogvmarTes _ gviSveleT, rom es denikis xrova Tavidan moviSoro
To. me mgonia, rom es Zaxili, rogorc mTebisa es Zaxili adgilobriv
cxovreblebisa, romelsac iwvevda denikinis jari, masTan cxovreba,
yvela es Zaxili CvenTvis, saerTod demokratiisTvis da saqarTvelos
demokratiisTvis, sxvaTaSoris, unda iyos gasagebi, im mxriv, rom Tu
dRes es denikinis Zala maTTvis autanelia, xval CvenTvis iqneba auta
neli, Tu misi mospoba ar iqneba droze Sesrulebuli.
276
Cven mivesalmebiT Cven jaris Setevaze gadasvlas denikinis ja
rebis winaaRmdeg, rogorc reaqcionur Zalebis mosaspoblad miRe
bul zomas.
magram unda vsTqvaT, rom aq mTavrobis warmomadgenelma aRnusxa
rom Cven davikavebT im adgilebs, romelsac eqnebaT umTavresi strate
giuli mniSvnelobao. Cven xom viciT formalurad, rom yovelgvari
zoma iyo miRebuli, rom is mdgomareoba, arsebuli mdgomareoba ar
Secvliliyo, omi ar dawyebuliyo, exlandeli mdgomareoba aris omis
mdgomareoba da raki es denikinis Zala ar arsebobs arc formalurad,
arc arsebiTad, romelTanac araviTari xelSekruloba, araviTari
saqmis daWera ar SeiZleba, raki es raRac saxelmwifoebrivi protopla
zma aris, raki es bandaa da araviTari kanoniereba man ar icis, imisTvis
am bandas ise unda movepyroT, rogorc moepyroba saxelmwifo bandas.
da radgan bandisaTvis ar arsebobs sazRvrebi, maSasadame Cven brZolas
ver vawarmoebT sazRvrebis mixedviT, es banda unda moispos yovelgvar
sazRvrebis gareSe. es aris interesi ara marto saqarTvelosi, da soW
is mcxovreblebisa, aramed saerToSoriso demokratiis interesi.
me SemiZlian vsTqva, rom denikinis sakiTxi aris ara marto saqarT
velosTvis Tavsatexi sakiTxi, aramed es aris Tavsatexi sakiTxi sazo
gadod mTel revoliuciis, da maSasadame, Tu Cven dagvWirdeba, da me
RrmaT darwmunebuli var, rom dagvWirdeba revoliuciisaken gaxed
va, maSin davinaxavT, rom am aqts, am brZolas denikinis winaaRmdeg,
denikinis dasasusteblaT, Cveni respublikisTvis eqneba didi mniSvne
loba; swored Cveni revoliuciis saerTaSoriso revoliuciis Tval
sazrisiT unda SevxedoT Cven Sesvlas soWis olqSi.
aq sTqves, rom iq ukve ibrZvis massa denikinis winaaRmdeg; da am
massas aqvs xasiaTi bolSevikur moZraobisa. me ar var gacnobili, Tu
ra gvari moZraoba swarmoebs saqarTvelos iqiT mxares, bolSevikTa
da denikinis ZalTa Soris. magram me mgoni, Cveni jaris iq Sesvlas ar
SeuZlian ar gamoiwvios erTgvari aRtaceba, erTgvari sixaruli Za
lebis im mxareze, romelic ebrZvis denikinis jarebs, imitom rom, ar
sebiTad Cveni demokratiis iq gamarjveba, Cveni demokratiis iq Sesv
la, niSnavs im mebrZolTa Zalebis arsebiTi gamarjvebas, autanel Sav
reaqciisagan, majlajunisagan Tavis daxwevas. TiTon bolSevikebi ar
scnoben Tavis Tavs mZime, autanel mdgomareobaSi CvenTan rodesac Ta
vidan moiSoreben denikinis Zalebs.
iqneb saqarTvelos demokratiul mTavrobam ar icis, magram Cven
gvaqvs cnobebi, ara erTi cnoba, rom denikinis Zalis mier Seviwroe
buli bolSevikuri Zalebi Semovidnen saqarTveloSi, Semodian kidec
faqtiurad am bolo xanaSi, Semodian, vinaidan iq cxovreba ar Seu
ZlianT, urCevnianT saqarTvelos demokratiasTan yofna, vidre deni
kinis jarTan.
amitom ar mesmis, Cveni jaris soWis olqSi Sesvla, es niSnavs arse
biTad ara mcxovrebTa winaaRmdeg brZolas, romelic am Jamad bolSe
277
vikur niadagze sdganan mTavrobis kvalifikaciis mixedviT. es niSnavs
denikinis damarcxebas mxolod, iqauri mcxovreblebs Cveni demokra
tia yovelTvis Seurigdeba da gamonaxavs im saerTo gzas, romliTac
Cven unda vicxovroT, da romliTac momavalSi mogvixdeba Cven sx
vebTan erTad cxovreba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) sruliad moulodneli iyo CvenTvis, moqa
laqeno, mTavrobis gancxadeba, romelic Cven dRes movismineT. mou
lodneli iyo imitom, rom Cven oficialurad gvarwmunebdnen, rom in
glisi Caeria am saqmeSi da konfliqti mSvidobianad mogvardao. Tqven
warmoidgineT Cvenma parlamentma amisTvis madlobac ki gadauxada iq
myof inglisis sardlobis warmomadgenels, da yvela amis Semdeg Cven
gvegona, rom omi gaTavda. reaqciis winaaRmdeg, rasakvirvelia, yov
elTvis ibrZvis revoliucia da iseTi bneli reaqcionur Zalebis wi
naaRmdeg, rogoric aris moxaliseTa jari, Cven unda vibrZoloT manam,
sanam mas ar davamarcxebT. saqarTvelos revoliucionuri demokratia
da mTavroba, Tuki raime safrTxe moelis Tavisufal saqarTvelos ar
sebobas, valdebulia am safrTxes SeebrZolos mTeli Tavisi ZalRoniT
da saqarTvelos demokratiac dairazmeba da denikinis reaqcionur
jars SeebrZoleba, magram, vimeoreb mainc moulodneli iyo CvenT
vis mTavrobis dRevandeli gancxadeba. mas Semdeg, rac Cven inglisis
sardlobas konfliqtis mSvidobianaT likvidaciisTvis madloba ga
moucxadeT, TiTqos omi gaTavebulaT unda CagveTvala. me ar vuaryof
imas, rom Cven, SesaZlebelia, momavalSic dagvWirdeboda denikinTan
omis warmoeba, rogorc es exla moxda, magram es unda yofiliyo axali
omi da am axali omis dawyebis ufleba ar qonda mTavrobas damfuZneb
el krebis daukiTxavaT. magram sCans, rom soc.-demokratiuli mTav
roba winaswar moelaparaka soc.-demokratiul fraqcias da amitom im
fraqciisaTvis, romelic Tavis ricxviT batonobs damfuZnebel kreba
Si da romelic yvelafers adre tyobilobs, _ misTvis moulodneli
araferia mTavrobis dRevandel gancxadebaSi, xolo mTeli damfuZne
beli krebisTvis _ ki, rogorc aseTisTvis, _ moulodnelia. mTavrobis
dRevandeli gancxadeba, _ es imas niSnavs, rom omis gamocxadeba, zavis
Sekvra, mTel saqarTvelos gadatrialeba Turme SeuZlia mTavrobas
ise, rom TviT damfuZnebel krebas ar SeekiTxos. es aris, Cveni azriT,
damfuZnebeli krebis prestiJis dacema. SesaZlebelia amas ver grZnobs
is umravlesoba, romelic SemTxveviT aq aris, magram am umravlesobas
erTi-ki moeTxoveba: man unda icodes, rom imis Semdeg, rac Seikri
ba damfuZnebeli kreba, omis ganaxleba, omis gamocxadeba _ Seadgens
kompetencias, prerogativas mTel damfuZnebel krebisas da ara misi
nawilisas, Tu gind es nawili iyos mravalricxovani soc.-demokrati
uli fraqcia (xmauroba). diax, me darwmunebuli var, rom jer Tqven
_ soc.-demokratiul fraqciis wevrebs mogxsendaT yvelaferi. Tqven
gadaswyviteT omis dawyeba da mere mTavrobam sisruleSi moiyvana
278
Tqveni gadawyvetileba, Cven-ki mxolod dRes gvicxadebs mTavroba,
rom man denikinis winaaRmdeg Seteva daiwyo, e.i. Cven ukve momxdar
faqtis winaSe gvayenebs. aseT precedents adgili ar unda hqonoda
Cveni damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis dasawyisSi, magram, radganac
saubeduroT es moxda, Cveni fraqcia energiul protests acxadebs
mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, rom man damfuZnebel krebis daukiTxavad dai
wyo omi da amiT damfuZnebel krebis prestiJi dasca. amasTan me unda
mogaxsenoT, rom mTavrobis gancxadebaSi Cven ar gvakmayofilebs erTi
adgili, romelic exeba imas, Tu vin aris exla Cveni mteri. mTavrobis
gancxadebidan sCans, rom Cven vibrZviT denakinis da ajanyebul bol
Sevikebis winaaRmdeg. marTalia, denikinis winaaRmdeg unda vibrZo
loT, unda viomoT, denikinis winaaRmdeg unda dairazmos mTeli Cveni
demokratia, magram mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom Cven
erT da imave dros vebrZviT denikinis jars da am jaris winaaRmdeg me
brZol bolSevikebsaco, radgan orive mxridan safrTxe mogveliso, da
Tu Cven marTla vebrZviT erT da igive dros bolSevikebs da denikins,
nu Tu Segvwevs Zala yvelas vebrZoloT?! ar vici, SeiZleba, marTlad
ac imisTana Zlierni viyveT, rom mTeli qveynierebis winaaRmdegac vi
brZoloT, magram jer Cven ar mogvismenia mTavrobisagan araferi amis
mzgavsi Cveni SeiaraRebul Zalebis aseTi Zlierebis Sesaxeb da amitom
veWvob, rom Cven SevsZloT yvelas winaaRmdeg brZola. exla ruseTis
revoliucionuri demokratia ibrZvis denikinis winaaRmdeg, mTac
ibrZvis mis winaaRmdeg, baqos demokratiac winaaRmdegia denikinis
da aqtiur daxmarebas uwevs im Zalebs, romlebic ibrZvian moxaliseTa
jarebis winaaRmdeg. Cvenc unda viqonioT erTgvari mudmivi kontaqti
yvela im revoliucionur ZalebTan, romlebic ibrZvian denikinis wi
naaRmdeg da isini Cveni mokavSireni arian denikinis winaaRmdeg brZo
laSi, amitom Cven ver vibrZolebT da arc unda vibrZoloT denikinis
mosisxle mtrebis winaaRmdeg da aseTebi ki arian bolSevikebi. dRes,
rodesac mTeli evropa irazmeba da iyofa orad: revoliucionur da
kontr-revoliucionur Zalad da rodesac revoliucionuri Zalebis
SeerTeba aris saWiro, maSin imis Tqma, rom, iq, sadac ori Zala ibrZvis,
erTi kontr-revoliucionuri, da meore revoliucionuri, _ orive
CvenTvis safrTxes warmoadgenso, es Semcdari azria da, me mgonia, am
azrs ver gaiziarebs damfuZnebeli kreba. yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven unda
vibrZoloT denikinis winaaRmdeg da ara revoliucionur demokrati
is winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels gegeWkors.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis ev. gegeWkoris sityva.
me unda mogaxsenoT, moqalaqeno, rom sruliad ar movelodi im ar
gumentacias, romelsac me aq Sevxvdi dRes.
moqalaqe gobeCiam brZana, rom mTavrobam Tavis gadawyvetilebiT
da Tavis nabijiT dasca prestiJi damfuZnebel krebisao.
marTlaTac, mZime braldebebi gaxlavT!
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Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobam aramc Tu es, raime amis msgavsic ki
Caidina, aseT mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba da arc unda misceT Tqven Tavs
ufleba erT wamsac ki daikaos is savarZlebi, romelzedac igi zis.
magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom advili aris braldebis wamosrola,
magram imave dros, Tu marTlac moqalaqea oratori damfuZnebel kre
bis wevri da aZlevs angariSs Tavis Tavs da icis man Tavisi uflebebi
da imave dros man icis, rom uflebebs Tan axlavs movaleoba, da me Rr
mad var darwmunebuli, rom gobeCia ivanem es Zalian kargad icis, maSin
aseTi braldebebiT gamosvla sajaroT mTavrobis winaaRmdeg yovlad
dauSvebelia da swored aseTi gamosvlebi, Cemis Rrma rwmeniT, amcire
ben am tribunas da damfuZnebel krebas. (arseniZe: marTalia!)
„saqarTvelos mTavrobam moulodnelad omis gamoacxada“-o.
me vamtkiceb Tqvens winaSe, rom araviTar amis msgavss Cven moqmede
baSi adgili ar hqonia.
damfuZnebel krebis wevrma gobeCiam sruliad daviwyebas misca
is faqti, rom Cven denikinTan formalurad ukve sami Tvea, rac omSi
vimyofebiT; swored im wams, rodesac denikinma Semoseva daiwyo soW
is olqSi, da rogorc mogaxseneT, veragulad zurgSi dana dasca Cven
jars, saqarTvelos mTavroba, respublika, damfuZnebeli kreba, misi
mTavroba oms awarmoebda denikinis jarTan (giorgaZe: marTalia!) da
Tu es, bodiSs vixdi baton gobeCias winaSe, Tu es ver SeuTvisebia mas
dRemde, me vfiqrob, rom is Zalian iolad da zereled uyurebs Tavis
movaleobas da pasuxismgeblobas.
Cven mxolod samxedro moqmedebas faqtiurad ar vawarmovebdiT
denikinTan. da Tqven mogaxseneT oriode sityviT, Tu risTvis ar vawar
moebdiT. Cveni jari, rodesac denikinis jari dadga, movida bzibze,
Cveni jari ukve iq iyo, magram swored am dros saqmeSi Caeria inglisi
da man Tavisi piketebi Caayena. amas me vuwodeb aqtiur Carevas ingli
sisas am saqmeSi. amiT omi, rasakvirvelia, faqtiurad ar Sewyvetila,
mxolod SeCerda da faqtiurad araviTari axali omi, me vacxadeb saja
rod xalxis winaSe, saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar gamoucxadebia. magram,
rodesac daiwyo omis moqmedebis ganaxleba, me vfiqrob, rom es swored
misi kompetenciaa, rogorc aRmasrulebel organos da pasuxismgeblis
Tqvens winaSe. es mis kompetencias Seadgens, me vamtkicebdi da exlac
vamtkiceb, rom mTavrobam am mxriv Tavisi movaleoba Seasrula da Ta
vis uflebis realizacia gaakeTa.
gobeCia brZanebs, rom es gancxadeba CvenTvis moulodneli iyovo,
Cven movelodiT, rom es saqme diplomatiur molaparakebiT gaTavde
ba da axal omTan saqme ar gveqnebodao. im gancxadebis Semdeg, rome
lic Cven winaT movismineT vacxadeb me Tqvens winaSe, rom arc erT
mTavrobis warmomadgenels, da kerZoT me, rogorc sagareo saqmeTa
ministrs, arasodes arcerTi gancxadeba ar gagvikeTebia im saxiT,
rogorc brZanebs batoni ivane gobeCia. TiTqos Cven gveTqvas, rom
es saqme ueWvelad diplomatiur molaparakebiT gaTavdebao. araso
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des, arsad es ar gviTqvams (Sengelaia: noe Jordanias?). arc Jorda
nias sityva ar iyo aseTi. diax, Cven gvqonda imedi _ es sxvaa, magram
dabejiTebiT, gadaWriT imis Tqma, rom esa Tu is Setakeba gaTavdeba
morigebiT, diplomatiuri wesiT, aramc Tu mTavrobas Tavis Semad
genlobiT, me mgonia, rom aseTi gancxadeba arc erT Wkuaze myof ada
mians TavSi ar mouvidoda.
me ar unda vsTqva braldeba (xma: delegacia?) diax, es marTalia,
vgzavnidiT iq (xmauroba), imave dros unda aRvniSno rom delegacias
vgzavnidiT yubanis mTavrobasTan (xmauroba. Tavmjdomare: ar SeiZle
ba, batonebo, erTxel kidev mogiwodebT, nu daarRvevT wesierebas)
(xma: madloba?).
neba miboZeT vupasuxo amaze:
ingliss marTlac parlamentis dadgenilebiT madloba ganucxada
im did nabijze, romelic gadadga general milnma da me vfiqrob, rom
am SemTxvevaSi parlamentma mxolod Tavisi movaleoba Seasrula.
me kategoriulad SemiZlia ganvacxado aq, rom brZaneba soWis
olqis daclis Sesaxeb gen. milnidan marTla denikinis Stabma da deni
kinma miiRo, magram Tu inglisma amis Semdeg Tavisi moqmedeba SeaCera
da meore nabiji loRikuri ar gadasdga da ZaliT ar moindoma sis
ruleSi Tavisi dapireba moeyvana, aq Cemis azriT, arc mTavroba, arc
parlamenti arafer SuaSi ar aris.
erTi friad TvalsaCino momenti, romelic, sxvaTa Soris aris aR
niSnuli Rlontis sityvaSi, gaxlavT Semdegi: TiTqos me meTqvas, rom
soWis olqSi ibrZvian bolSevikebi da moxaliseTa jari da denikinis
razmi. albaT is Cemi azri or pativcemul oratorebs ar gaugiaT. rom
es bolSevikuri moZraoba aris _ amas amtkicebs da scdilobs daamtki
cos generali denikini da misi warmomadgeneli generali bruneviCi. me
amis msgavsi araferi ar miTqvams. piriqiT me unda ganvacxado, rom am
moZraobas, romelsac adgili aqvs iq, araviTari saerTo bolSevikur
moZraobasTan ar aqvs. es mxolod momizezeba gaxlavT denikinisa, mo
mizezeba mxolod imitom, rom man gaamarTlos is represiebi inglisis
TvalSi, romelsac albaT is mimarTavs iq da ukve mimarTa. me piriqiT,
mogaxsenebT obieqtivad am represiebisa Tavdapirvelad da umTavresad
gaxlavT qarTvelebi, me Semdegi mogaxseneT da marTlac aq Cven Soris
principialuri gansxvaveba gaxlavT. me mogaxseneT, rom exla donis da
kubanis raionSi xdeba Setakeba ori Zalis Soris. ibrZvian denikinele
bi da bolSevikebi, Cven ar viciT riTi gaTavdeba es SebrZoleba, magram
garwmunebT am tribunidan, riTac ar unda gaTavdes es Setakeba, mainc
safrTxe saqarTvelos respublikas moelis, radganac Tu damarcxdeba
denikini, is Seecdeba axali baza gamoZebnos da SesaZlebelia swored,
rom axali baza saqarTveloSi eZios. aq, me mgoni, safrTxe Tavis Tavad
naTelia da Tu damarcxda bolSevizmi, maSin CvenTvis aSkaraa, rom samx
edro operaciebs denikini gaaZlierebs saqarTvelos demokratiis da
saqarTvelos respublikisadmi, Cven vfiqrobT da yvelani dameTanxme
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bian amaSi. me mgonia, rom pirvel laxvars sworeT Cascems saqarTvelos
demokratias, saqarTvelos respublikas, magram aq meorec mxarec aris.
vTqvaT gaimarjva balSevizmma, rogorc fiqrobs batoni gobeCia.
Tu balSevizmi moisurvebs, rogorc amas is winad Svreboda, saqarT
velos demokratias da xalxs Tavs moaxvevs Tavis nebas da daamyarebs
iseT wes-rigs, romelic mas CvenTvis misaRebaT miaCnia, _ rogor
fiqrobs batoni gobeCia, valdebulia Tu ara yoveli moqalaqe, Seg
nebuli demokrati da sazogadoT mTeli demokratia, valdebulia
Tu ara, rom aseT survilebs anarqiis mociqulTa win aRudges da Se
brZoleba gauwios (xma: es sul sxva sakiTxia!)
diax, batonebo, me ar vici rogor fiqrobs batoni Sengelaia,
mxolod ivane gobeCia im azrisa iyo, rom am SemTxvevaSi balSevikebs
brZolas ver gamoucxadebT, mTel qveyanas ver SevebrZolebiTo. me ar
vici mTel qveyanas SevebrZolebiT Tu ara, sazogadoT aseT donkixo
tobas Tavis Tavze ver ikisrebs mTavroba, mxolod erTs ki ganvacxa
deb: yovelive iseT Zalas, romelic mimarTulia Cveni demokratiis
Semoqmedebis winaaRmdeg, yovelive iseT Zalas, romelic mimarTuli
iqneba, Cveni demokratiul saxelmwifos da respublikis winaaRmdeg,
Cven aseT Zalas sastik winaaRmdegobiT SevxvdebiT, es aris Cveni is
toriuli daniSnuleba da SeZlebis dagvarad, me Rrmad mwams, Cveni
demokratia da mis winaSe pasuxismgebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba am
Tavis movaleobas pirnaTlad Seasrulebs.
rac Seexeba yubanis mTavrobasTan damokidebulebas, me unda
aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom am mTavrobasTan Cven gvaqvs saukeTeso,
keTil-mezobluri ganwyobileba. mets vityvi kidec, denikinis agen
tebi Seecadnen Cven da yubanis yazaxebis da mTavrobis Soris daeTe
saT Suri, SuRli da mtroba da iyo momenti, rodesac am provokacias,
marTlac iq adgili hqonda, magram dRes atmosfera imdenaT aris ga
fantuli, rom unda aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom yubanis yazaxebis
jaris nawilebisgana arc erTi ar sdgas Cvens winaaRmdeg. (taSi) isini
marTalia iyvnen Cvens winaaRmdeg erT dros gawveulni, magram Seiqmna
iseTi sulieri ganwyobileba yazaxebSi, rom denikini iZulebuli gax
da es yubanis yazaxebis nawilebi gaewvia ukan da imis adgilas dRes
Caeyenebina mxolod aficerTa razmebi da sxva elementebi.
aseTia, batonebo, saqmis mdgomareoba da viTareba.
maSasadame, Cveni gancxadebaa _ Cven mxolod ganvaaxleT samxedro
moqmedeba imisTvis, rom meti cda da molodini Cven ar SegveZlo.
yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo Cveni jari dagvetovebina kidev ramodenime
xani im autanel fsixologiur atmosferaSi, romelSiac is darCa sami
Tvis ganmavlobaSi. verc erTi jari, me aq TamamaT SemiZlia ganvacxa
do Tqvens winaSe, verc erTi saxelmwifo dRevandel mdgomareobaSi,
amdenxans erT adgilas ar gaCerebula, ramdeni xanic SesZlo gaCere
buliyo Cveni jaris nawilebma. da am mxriv marTlac Cveni gvardiis da
jaris samsaxuri aris SesaniSnavi.
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meore mxriv, mdgomareoba iseTi Seiqna, rom marTlac aq dayovneba
sikvdilis momaswavebeli iyo da mTavrobam es nabiji gadasdga. vaT
aveb Cem sityvas imiT, rom araviTari msgavsi im faqtisa, romelsac
batoni ivane gobeCia brZanebs, TiTqos Cven movilaparakeT winaswar
Cven fraqciasTan da TviT damfuZnebeli kreba aseTi faqtis winaSe da
vayeneT, me vacxadeb sruliad Segnebulad, rom aseT faqts adgili ar
hqonia da mgonia, rom Cven moqmedebaSi amas arc eqneba adgili.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam mxolod wuxel saRamos gasca brZaneba,
rom Cveni jari win waweuliyo, Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom fizikurad da
faqtiurad ar gvqonia SesaZlebloba Tavis droze es gamogvecxadebi
na da mogvelaparakna, Tumca vamtkiceb, im pirobebSi, romelSiac vimy
ofebodiT, es iyo moulodneli damfuZnebeli krebisTvis da iseTive
moulodnelia es fraqciebisTvis.
da am mxriv Cvenis azriT batoni ivane gobeCia da sazogadod mTeli
imis gamosvla me vfiqrob, rom yovelive amas saerTo ar hqonda saqmi
anobasTan, arc xalxis interesebTan, es iyo mxolod imisTvis Tqmuli,
rom STabeWdileba moexdina, magram me darwmunebuli var, yovelive
es gaqreba, mxolod erTi faqti darCeba, rom Cven vcdilobT SeZlebi
sdagvarad avacdinoT Cvens respublikas yovelive xifaTi, saidanac ar
unda moelodes igi. (taSi).
Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi eq
vTime TayaiSvili.
gagrZeleba msjelobisa.
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ganacxada: sami Tve Cven vicadeTo. sworeT es iyo Cveni azriT Secdoma
Cveni mTavrobisa.
magram rac iyo iyo da exla Tu mTavroba gadavida moqmedebaze,
imedi unda viqonioT, rom meryeobas _ romelic Sedegia maTi social
isturi msoflmxedvelobisa _ exla mainc Tavi daaneba Cvenma mTav
robam. magram es Sexeduloba rCeba sxva da sxva memarcxene partieb
Si. aq iyo federalistebis warmomadgeneli, romelic ambobda _ „Cven
exla unda gavzdioT denikinis Sav Zalebs bolomdiso“. bolomdis,
sad bolomdis? donamdis, moskovamdis, _ sanam bolSevikebs Sevey
rebiT?! meore socialist-revoliucioneri ambobda: „es Savi Zale
bi ariso, amas unda SevebrZoloTo, da bolSevikebTan ki kontaqti
daviWiroTo“. Turme saqme imaSia Tu ra ferisaa _ Savi Tu wiTeli.
esec Secdomaa da iseTi Secdoma, romelic aryevs mdgomareobas. da
saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobas. Tu agre daviwyeT yureba mxolod
ferovnebazed, gamodis rom zogierTi feris jari SeiZleba SemouS
vaT Cven saxelmwifoSi. es azri yovlad miuRebelia, amaSi ar aris
azri saxelmwifoebrivi. (xma: marTalia!).
rac Seexeba denikinis jars, me fers ar Sevexebi, iq mgoni yovelnai
ri feri aris: arian kadetebi, soc.-revoliucionerebi da sxvebic, saqme
imaSia, ra ideas emsaxurebian igini? parizSi aris warmomadgeneli
denikinisa, es gaxlavT sazonovi, miliukovi, boris savinkovi, lvovi
da zogierTi sxva pirebi. amaT Seadgines komiteti, egred wodebuli,
ruseTis komiteti da denikinis da kolCakis saxeliT moiTxoven ruse
Tis saqmeSi Carevas da ruseTis aRdgenas Zvel sazRvrebSi. Tqven xe
davT ra saSineleba moelis Cven samSoblos, aSkara aris rom ideuraT
denikini Cveni mteria, es man saqmiTac daamtkica, SemoiWra Cven qveyana
Si, gadmolaxa Cveni sazRvrebi da daiWira erTi nawili Cveni qveynisa.
aq sxva gza ar aris, xmalma unda gadaWras sadavo sakiTxi. imedi unda
viqonioT, rom Cven mizans mivaxwevT. amave dros me imeds gamovsTqvam,
Tumca mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ar sTqva-ra, rom am militarul
nabijs win miuZRvis diplomatiuri nabiji, rom saqme ise aris mowyo
bili, rom arsaidan saerTaSoriso safrTxe ar mogvevlineba. deniki
nis jari saxelmwifos ar warmoadgens. denikinis jari aris mxolod
jari, romelsac Tavisi teritoria, Tavisi saxelmwifo ara aqvs, eseni
arian moxaliseni, romelTac raRaca unda Seqmnan momavalSi _ didi
ruseTi, romelic exla, am momentSi ar aris.
maSasadame aq saerTaSoriso-uflebriv ganwyobilebaze lapara
kic metia, eseni arian brboebi da am brboebs, rasakvirvelia Cven unda
vebrZoloT.
sul sxvaa bolSevikebi: Tumca maTi Sexeduleba da maTi moZRvreba
CvenTvis misaRebi ar aris, magram vinaidan maT uWiravT mTeli saxelm
wifo, Cven SegviZlian viqonioT molaparakeba. SeiZleba bolSevikuri
ruseTi icnon da Tu inglisi, safrangeTi, amisTana saxelmwifos icno
ben, CvenTvis rasakvirelia, ra didi danaSauloba iqneba, rom Cvenc ise
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SevxedoT, rogorc saxelmwifos da viqonioT molaparakeba, rogorc
saxelmwifosTan. bolSevizmi Tu sxva mimarTuleba, es Cven ar Segvexe
ba, vinaidan is aris maTi Sinauri saqme, Seexeba ruseTs Cven yovelTvis
unda vixelmZRvaneloT mxolod saerTaSoriso uflebis principebiT.
Cven unda Cveni sazRvrebi davicvaT da SevebrZoloT yvelas, vinc
emuqreba Cvens saxelmwifos da Tavisuflebas, sulerTia, denikinis
jari iqneba es Tu bolSevikebis. aq erTi da igive ideaa, erTi da ig
ive Tvalsazrisi. es denikinis jari ara marto bolSevikebs ebrZvis,
ebrZvis Crdilo kavkasias, ebrZvis mTielebs, maSasadame iseT elemen
tebs, romelTanac Cven unda gvqondes kavSiri da axlo ganwyobileba.
isini bolSevikebs ebrZvian, Cven gvesxmian Tavs, ebrZvian mTielebis
Tavisuflebas, maS Cven amisTana bandis winaaRmdeg unda vixmaroT
yoveli RonisZieba: Tu sisxli daiRvreba, me darwmunebuli var, rom
es daRvrili qarTuli sisxli, es msxverpli unayofoT ar Caivlis. es
iqneba daRvrili sisxli, gaRebuli axali msxverpli Cveni saxelmwi
foebriv cxovrebis gansamtkiceblad.
Cvenma jarma da gvardielebis xmalma unda gamohkveTos saqarTve
los sazRvrebi. es aris maTi istoriuli daniSnuleba. me meti salapa
rako ar maqvs, aqedan Tqven xedavT, rom Cven sruliad viziarebT mTav
robis azrs da mxars uWerT im nabijs, romelic gadadga man.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Tu meoreT gamovdivar am sakiTxis Sesaxeb tribunaze, es _ imitom,
rom aq wamosrolil iqna iseTi sityva, romelic upasuxoT ar SeiZleba
iyos datovebuli. aq gaisma iseTi xmebi, romlis msgavsi Cven mxolod
erTi wlis winaT zogierT proklamaciebSi wagvikiTxavs.
es iyo baTumis frontis dros, rodesac zurgSi zugdididan Cveni
moZmeni gvesxmodnen mtrulad. mxolod maSin ismoda, oms iwyobs mTav
roba, am omiT raRacis damarcxeba surT da Cven gviwodeben ase mou
lodnelaTo. da aseTive sityva gaismis dRes umaRles sakanondeblo
dawesebulebaSi oratorisagan, romelsac Seefereba meti goniereba,
meti dafiqreba, meti sidinje, meti politikuri gamocdileba. is, rac
epatieba ubralo soflad mosul agitators, ar unda epatios saxalxo
warmomadgenels, damfuZnebel krebis wevrs. (xma: marTalia!).
pirdapir gansacvifrebelia, rodesac modis adamiani aq da am
bobs, Tqven axal oms iwyobT, windawin arc ki gvatyobinebTo, metadre
maSin, rodesac man icis, rom omi axla ki ar cxaddeba, aramed xdeba
gagrZeleba im omisa, romelic sami Tvis winaT gamogvicxades. kidev
ufro meti, gamoucxadeblaT dagvecnen Tavs. xdeba iaraRiT mogereba
imisa, rac sityviT ver iqna mogerebuli, verc sxva saSualebiT, verc
sxva saxelmwifos CareviT da CagonebiT. aq mxolod xdeba Tavidan
mocileba iseT Zaladobisa, romlis winaaRmdeg araferma gasWra,
da araviTari saSualeba ar darCa, garda xmalisa. aq ki acxadeben:
es CvenTvis moulodnelia, oms acxadebTo, iwyebT Setevas da Cven ki
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ar gvatyobinebTo. aq isic gamosTqves, rom soc.-demokrat. fraqcias
moelaparaken, sxvas ki arao. me aSkarad vacxadeb: mTavroba, rom mo
suliyo social-demokratiul fraqciasTan da daeyenebina es kiTxva,
me pirveli imas karze uCvenebdi. Setevaze gadasvlas jars ucxadeben
da mitingebze ki mas ar acxadeben. (xma: saqarTvelos ar exeba?). es Sei
Zleba surs damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gobeCias, magram me vambob, rom
xalxi, romelTanac Tqven mixvalT winaswar mitingebis gasamarTaT da
etyviT, rom ama da am dRes Cven gvinda gadavideT Setevazeo, is gipa
suxebs, provokacias ewevio. (taSi) es gaxlavT iseTi saRi, gonieri da
miucilebeli mosazreba, rom verc erTi demokrati, rac unda didi
momxre iyos yvelaferi saqmis xalxis mier gadawyvetisa, am saqmeSi,
brZolis sakiTxSi aseT saidumlos dacvas veravis ukiJinebs. sul sxva
iqneboda, marTlac, rom axali omi dawyebuliyo, rom ori mopirda
pire jari piris-pir ar mdgariyo iaraRiT xelSi, erTi meoreze xmal
miRerebuli, sul sxva iqneboda, rom ucbaT gamogvecxadebina mobili
zacia da gagvereka jari frontze, da xalxis daukiTxavaT migvesia
meore xalxisTvis. rodesac damfuZnebel krebis wevrs surs amgvarad
monaTlos aseTi martivi da aSkara moqmedeba mTavrobisa, ra aris
es? gaugebroba, Seugnebloba Tu Tavisi sikotris gamoCena? (gobe
Cia: movaleobaa!) es Tu vismes miaCnia movaleobaT, miT uaresi misT
vis. gana SeiZleba vinmes movaleobaT miaCndes is, rac met zians, met
zarals moutans xalxs, da erTi orad mets msxverpls Seiwiravs xalx
isagana? vinc ase Sexedavs Tavis movaleobas, is emzgavseba imas, vinc
baTumis operaciis dros miznaT isaxavda zurgSi dagvsxmoda da amiT
TiTqos undodaT exsnaT saqarTvelo, Cveni demokratia anarqiisa da
gaWirvebisagan. da amas eZaxdnen movaleobas. magram es iyo movaleo
ba winaaRmdeg xalxis interesisa, da Cven viciT, rogori msjavri ga
moitana xalxma aseT pirebisadmi da Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom momavalSi,
vinc aseT eqsperimentebs gaimeorebs, iseTsave msjavrs miiRebs qarT
vel xalxisagan.
Tavmjdomare. gaxlavT winadadeba Semotanili, rom Seswydes kama
Ti. vis surs amis Sesaxeb sityva? sityva ekuTvnis gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) kamaTi ar unda Seswydes, radganac am tri
bunidan bevri iseTi ram ganacxades, rac Cemi sityvis deda-azrs
amaxinjebs da amitom Cemgan aucileblaT moiTxovs pasuxs. me msurs
davumtkico damfuZnebel krebas, rom Cveni fraqcia swored xalxis
interesebiT xelmZRvanelobda, rodesac me damavala gamovsuliyavi
aq im gancxadebiT, romelic me gavakeTe. SesaZlebelia, Cemi sityva
sworaT ver gaiges verc arseniZem da verc gegeWkorma, Torem yovlad
SeuZlebelia iseTi sapasuxo sityvebis warmosTqma, romlebic ar
Seadgenden pasuxs Cem mier warmoTqmul sityvisas. Cemi sityvidan ar
SeiZleboda iseTi daskvnis gamoyvana, viTomdac me viyo winaaRmdegi
denikinis winaaRmdeg omis warmoebisa, Tu gnebavT Sewyvetil samxe
dro operaciebis ganaxlebisa.
286
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven kamaTis Sewyvetis gamo... (Sen
gelaia: dasabuTeba!) neba miboZeT, _ sabuTi da dasabuTeba Cvenc gve
smis. Tqven mogeciT sityva, rom winaaRmdegi azri gamosTqvaT kamaTis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
ivane gobeCia. diax, me mgonia, exla rom SevwyvitoT kamaTi, es iqne
ba cota naadrevi. samarTlianoba moiTxovs, mowinaaRmdeges azric
moisminoT. Tqven TviTon unda grZnobdeT, rom kamaTi dasrulebulaT
ver CaiTvleba, Tu gind, rom ase inebos umravlesobis fraqciis TiTeb
ma. mTavrobis moxsenebis Sesaxeb, rom exla Sewydes kamaTi, es iqneba
xelovnurad Sewyvetili kamaTi; kamaTis dasrulebas bevri ram Tu ar
aklia, erTi wertili xom mainc aklia, amas Tqven kargaT grZnobT da
amitom nu momispobT saSvalebas es wertili me davsva da miT davam
TavroT kamaTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom kamaTi Seswydes? vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? kamaTi Sewyvetilia. aq gaxlavT ori rezoliucia, erTi
social-demokratebisa, meore social-revoliucionerebisa. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
287
los reaqcias revoliuciis monapovarTa dasacavad da uzrunvel say
ofad. amasTanave damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs mTavrobas dauyonebliv
daamyaros kontaqti da kavSiri yvela im ZalebTan, romelnic ibrZvi
an denikinis reaqcionur Zalebis winaaRmdeg, raTa amierkavkasiis da
ruseTis revoliucionur demokratiis saerTo Zal-RoniT ailagmos
feodalTa Savi reaqcia“.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre pirveli rezoliuciisa? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? (winaaRmdegni arian social-revoliucionerebi). vin
aris momxre meore rezoliuciisa? maSasadame pirveli rezoliucia
miRebulia.
exla rogora gnebavT, ganvagrZoT kreba Tu ara? (xmebi: ganvagr
ZoT!) sityva ekuTvnis soloRaSvilis asuls.
288
I. 1917 wlis 10 ivnisamde arsebuli tarifebi gadidebul iqnes Sem
deg nairad:
1). samgzavro bileTebi I klasisa _ xuTmetjer. meore klasis
Tormetjer, mesame da meoTxe klasebisa _ aTjer;
2). bargis (bagaJis) gadazidvis fasi ocda oTxjer;
3). saqonlis TanmyolTa bileTis fasi _ aTjer;
4). samgzavro matareblis sazidi saqonlis tarifi _ ocda oTxjer;
5). sadguris perronaze gasasvleli fasi aTi Sauri _ orjer.
6). saraiono komitetis xarji sami maneTis nacvlad iqnes xuTi
maneTi;
7). saqonlis Sesanaxav SenobaTa asagebad sami kapeikis nacvlad
xuTi kapeiki.
saredaqcio komisiam miiRo: (kiTxulobs)
kanoni
289
saboloo teqsti eqspediciisTvis 1 milion
maneTis gadadebis dekretisa.
290
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meTormete sxdoma
291
garda amisa, Semosuli aris saqarTvelos respublikis fosta
telegrafis mosamsaxureTa kavSiris moxseneba, romelsac darTuli
aqvs Semdegi rezoliucia: (kiTxulobs rezoliucias.) prezidiumis
azri gaxlavT, rom es unda gadaeces masalad safinanso-sabiujeto
komisias.
dRiuri wesrigi.
292
teritoria, mTavroba, mTavrobis Zalaufleba da qveSevrdomo
ba es dRevandeli saxelmwifoebrivi arsebis, niSandoblivi Tviseba
aris, amitom amas aqvs didi mniSvneloba. rodesac saxelmwifo Cveu
lebriv pirobebSia, rodesac saxelmwifos aqvs Cveulebrivi konsti
tucia, maSin iq aris aRniSnuli Cveulebrivi pirobebi qveSevrdomo
bisa. magaliTad, rogor moipoebis an rogor pirobebSi daikargvis
qveSevrdomoba. magaliTad: ucxo adamiani cxovrobs didxans ama Tu im
saxelmwifos teritoriaze da poulobs uflebas mosTxovos saxelm
wifos qveSevrdomoba. aris dabadeba, qorwineba da sxva, es aris Cveu
lebrivi wesi. magram aris sxva pirobebi, rodesac es Cveulebrivi wesi
ara kmara. magaliTad saxelmwifo ar iyo guSin, ibadeba exla.
ai, magaliTad saqarTvelo arsebobda 120 wlis winaT, mere 120
wlis Semdeg gamocxadda saxelmwifoebriv organizmaT. ai iq gan
sakuTrebuli pirobebia. am pirobebs gauwia angariSi pirvelad
erovnulma sabWom, rodesac miiRo pirveli debuleba moqalaqeobisa.
Cvenma saxelmwifom Seqmna mTavroba, misca mas Zala-ufleba, yoveli
es SeiZina 26 maiss damoukideblobis aqtis gamocxadebis dros. gar
da amisa teritoria gvaqvs. saqarTvelos teritoria gansakuTrebiT
2 guberniaa. saWiro iyo moqalaqeebis gamorkveva. ai sworeT, rom ga
moerkvia iuridiuli safuZveli am moqalaqeobisa, erovnulma sabWom
miiRo debuleba moqalaqeobisa 15 ivliss 1918 wels. es iyo ara Cveu
lebrivi movlena. mas aqvs mniSvneloba im droisTvis, roca saxelm
wifo acxadebs Tavis iuridiul safuZvels. Tqven gaxsovT, debulebam
gamoiwvia didi kritika, sazogadod erTgvari ukmayofiloba, Cvens
winaaRmdeg amxedrebul, moazrovne sazogadoebaSi. magram SegviZlia
davamowmoT, rom es sruliad usafuZvlo iyo.
ras emyareba debuleba, romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom? is aRi
arebs, rom yoveli mkvidri mcxovrebi saqarTvelos respublikisa aris
moqalaqe saqarTvelosi. vin aris mkvidri? debuleba aRiarebs: mkvid
ri aris is, vinc aris miwerili ama Tu im administratiul erTeulze
1914 w. 19 ivlisamde. ai es aris ZiriTadi mxare, arseba Zveli debulebi
sa. amiT Cven erTi dakvriT gamovarkvieT mTeli kategoria namdvil
moqalaqeebisa, romlebzedac damyarebulia saxelmwifo. igi uamisod
ver iqneboda suverenuli, amasTan Cven aRvniSneT Tu vin, ra elemen
tebi arian es mkvidrni. isini gansazRvrul pirobebSi CavayeneT Cven.
yvela mcxovrebi ki ar aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, aramed is mkvidri
mcxovrebi, romelic gansazRvrul dromde miwerili iyo administra
tiul erTeulze. es dro aRniSnuli iyo 19 ivlisi 1914 weli. ratom?
cxadia ratom. es didi dataa saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi da Cvens cxov
rebaSiac. im dromdisin SedarebiT Cveulebrivi, cxovreba normal
uri iyo. im dRidan cxovreba air-dairia. omi gaCaRda. mTeli erebi,
aisvaren erTmaneTSi, ltolvilni gadadiodnen erT saxelmwifodan
meoreSi. im droidan moxda didi gadasvl-gadmosvla gadasaxl-gadmo
293
saxleba saxelmwifoTa Soris da erTa Soris. ai aman gamoiwvia Cveni
erTgvari sifrTxile. radganac Cven teritoriaze, romelsac ewodeba
saqarTvelos respublika, iyo gadmosaxlebuli mravali iseTi elemen
ti, romelsac araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda arc socialuri, arc kul
turuli, arc ekonomiuri, ar iyo dakavSirebuli Cven teritoriasTan,
amitom SesaZlebeli iyo, rom isini Cven moqalaqeobaT mogvevline
boden, rac aucileblaT imoqmedebda Cven saxelmwifoebriv Semoq
medebaze. amitom aRiniSna es data. es iyo arseba pirvel debulebisa,
romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom. garda amisa am debulebaSi miviReT
meore muxli, romelSiac ori moqalaqeoba SeuZleblaT vcaniT Cven.
is, vinc Cveni, moqalaqea ver iqneba sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeT da is,
vinc sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqea Cven saxelmwifos moqalaqe ver iqne
ba _ saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqe ar SeiZleba iyos imave dros
sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqe. arian iseTi saxelmwifoebi, Tumca iSvia
TaT, romelnic or qveSevrdomobas, or moqalaqeobas uSveben.
Tqven iciT, rom qveSevrdomoba iwvevs movaleobas da uflebas.
amitom ori moqalaqeoba did uxerxulobas badebs. am SemTxvevaSi mo
qalaqes SeuZlia iborotmoqmedos, rogorc erTs ise meore saxelm
wifoSi. is movaleobas gauZvreba rogorc erTgan is meoregan, xolo
uflebiT ki isargeblebs, an SeuZlian isargeblos. amitom Cveni kanon
debloba aRiarebs, rom or moqalaqeoba dasaSvebi ar aris. mesame mux
liT iciT kargaT Tqven, rom mxolod saqarTvelos respublikis mo
qalaqes aqvs politikuri uflebani. maSasadame, vin aris moqalaqe?
moqalaqe mkvidria da mkvidri ki is aris, vinc miwerili aris ama Tu im
administratiul erTeulze. arsebiTad im kritikam, romelic am kan
ons gauCnda egredwodebul opoziciaSi, Cveni respublikis opozici
is wreebSi, veraferi ver daamtkica. unda vsTqvaT, rom am kanonma
gaamarTla Tavisi daniSnuleba. saxelmwifom gamoarkvia Tavisi sa
fuZveli iuridiulaT, da es, rom ase aris amas amtkicebs damfuZnebe
li kreba, romelic arCeuli aris, sworeT am kanonis mixedviT. magram
erTi ram aRmoCnda. am kanonis gareSe kidev darCnen iseTi elementebi
romelnic miwerilni ar aris, magram moqalaqeebaT surT yofna, anda
SeiZleba surdeT yofna. eseni arian rogorc qarTvelebi tomiT, ise
ara qarTvelebi. bevri miwerili ar aRmoCnda. yovel SemTxvevaSi es
iseTi elementebia, romelic ar iyven miwerili, magram romelnic
Tavisi bunebrivi, Tavisi socialuri, Tavisi ekonomiuri kavSir
iT saqarTvelos bunebrivi moqalaqeni arian, saqarTvelos bunebriv
mkvidrad CaiTvlebian. amitom amis SesavsebaT Cveni sakonstitucio
komisiis TaosnobiT SemovitaneT meore kanon-proeqti, damatebiTi
kanon-proeqti, magram es damatebiTi kanonproeqti imave ara Cveule
briv pirobebs exeba, romlebsac exeboda pirveli debuleba erovnul
sabWos mier miRebuli. im debulebis gareSe darCnen iseTi qarTvele
bi, iseTi mkvidrni, romelnic miwerilni ar arin, da maSasadame rCebi
an gamoricxulaT Cveni moqalaqeobidan. cxadia Cvenma kanondeblobam
294
unda Seavsos es, anda gaafarTovos qveSevrdomobis farglebi im kate
goriisTvis romelic ar Sedis pirvel debulebis farglebSi.
es damatebiTi kanon-proeqti laparakobs imas, rom garda im moqa
laqeebisa, romelnic aRiarebulni arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebaT
pirvel debulebis ZaliT, kidev Cairicxeboda saqarTvelos moqalaqeT
yofil ruseTis imperiis yoveli qveSevrdomi qarTveli sadac da ram
deni xanic unda scxovrobdes dRidan am kanonis gamocxadebisa. arian
iseTi qarTvelebi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise saqarTvelos gareSe,
yofil ruseTis imperiis farglebSi, romelnic mowerilni ar arian,
maSasadame ar Sedian Cven moqalaqeTa ricxvSi pirvel debulebis Zal
iT. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vlaparakobT yovel qarTvelze, yovel ruseTis
imperiis qveSevrdomze, romelic unda iyos aRiarebuli Cveni kanon
proeqtis ZaliT, saqarTvelos moqalaqeT; dRidan am kanonis gamocxa
debisa. ra azri hqonda amas? Cvenis fiqriT, qarTvelebi, rogorc aq
saqarTvelos farglebSi mcxovrebni, ise ruseTSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
didi umravlesoba msurvelia daukavSirdes saqarTvelos, maT undaT
misi qveSevrdomoba. SeiZleba sul mcire ricxvi qarTvelebisa ar iyos
amis Tanaxma, ar moisurvos Cveni moqalaqeoba, magram maTTvis Cven gan
sakuTrebuli kanoni ar gvinda davweroT, es mcire gamonaklisi iqneba,
romelzedac laparaki ar Rirs.
maSasadame yoveli qarTveli, yofil ruseTis imperiisa, aris aRi
arebuli saqarTvelos qveSevrdomaT: magram Cven teritoriuli saxel
mwifo varT. am teritoriaze scxovroben qarTvelebs garda sxva ara
qarTvelebic, rusebi, somxebi, TaTrebi da sxvani, maT aq moupovebiaT
qoneba, daumyarebiaT erTgvari urTierToba ekonomiur, kulturuli
da sx. esenic bunebrivi mkvidrni arian saqarTvelosi. amitom Cven vaR
iarebT, rom yofil ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomi ara qarTveli, vinc
unda iyos, romelic ganuwyvetliv scxovrobs saqarTvelos terito
riaze ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mainc, 1914 wlis 19 ivlis
amde, saqarTvelos moqalaqed cxaddeba, Tu sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ga
moacxadebs, rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Cven, am SemTxvevaSi,
garda obieqtiur pirobebisa, garda imisa, rom sami weliwadi mainc
unda scxovrobdes saqarTvelos farglebSi vaZlevT saSualebas Tavi
sufali survili gamoacxados am moqalaqeobisa.
erTi mxriT saWiroa, rom ukanasknli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi
mainc, 14 wlamde, omis gamocxadebamde scxovrobdes saqarTveloSi. es
aris obieqturi piroba.
meore mxriT, Tu es obiektiuri piroba Sesrulebulia, is gamoa
cxadebs, rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. ai aseTi pirebi ra to
misac unda iyvnen, aRiarebulni iqnebian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebaT.
maSasadame Cven am pirvel kanonis damatebiT or elements va
qcevT am axal qveSevrdomobis farglebSi. am kanon-proeqts droebiTi
damatebiTi xasiaTi aqvs. qarTveli, romelic cxovrobs saqarTvelos
teritoriaze, da saqarTvelos gareT gamocxaddeba qveSevrdomaT.
295
ara qarTvelic, gamocxaddeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT, Tu is cxov
robs sami wlis ganmavlobaSi omis gamocxadebamde da gamoacxadebs,
rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. am vadis Semdeg es kanoni uqmde
ba, maSasadame Semdeg iwyoba normaluri wesi moqalaqeobis miRebisa
da moqalaqeobis dakargvisa. amiT Cven vaZlevT saSualebas im pirebs,
romelnic pirvel debulebis ZaliT ar Sedian Cven respublikis moqa
laqeobis sferoSi, aseT pirebs unda mivceT saSvaleba, SesaZleblo
ba, rom gaxdnen saqarTvelos moqalaqeni. meore muxli ai ase ikiTxeba
(kiTxulobs).
b) yofil ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomi yoveli ara qarTveli, ro
melic ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze ukanask
neli sami weli mainc, 1914 w. ivlisis 19-mde, ukeTu am kanonis ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganacxadebs, rom hsurs saqa
rTvelos moqalaqeoba.
amas aqvs erTgvari formaluri SeniSvna, romelic aucilebelia.
es SeniSvna ambobs Semdegs. (kiTxulobs).
296
lidan, exeba qarTvelebs, romelnic aq cxovroben, magram miwerilni
ar arian, mere im elementebs, romelnic dakavSirebulni arian saxelm
wifosTan ekonomiurad, kulturulad, magram imave mizeziT ar Sedi
an moqalaqeebis ricxvSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. r.) batonebo, qveSevrdomobis kanons, rogorc
mogexsenebaT, mWidro kavSiri aqvs damoukideblobis sakiTxTan.
damoukidebeli saxelmwifo valdebulia icodes, Tu vin aris misi
qveSevrdomi, misi moqalaqe, vis emyareba is Tavis moRvaweobaSi. ami
tom qveSevrdomobis kanonis gamocema iyo aucilebeli da loRiku
ri daskvna 26 maisis aqtisa. rogorc viciT Cveni damoukideblobis
gamocxadeba moxda gansakuTrebul istoriul pirobebSi, es iyo xana
saerTo damarcxebisa, arev-darevisa, da politikur gamourkvevlobi
sa. 26 maisis aqti Cven miviReT, rogorc aqti moulodneli da TiTqmis
iZulebiTi. aseT pirobebSi kanonmdebels marTebda udidesi sifrTx
ile da win daxedva. gardamaval xanaSi Cven unda gamogveqveynebina
iseTi kanoni, romelic xels Seuwyobda Cven damoukideblobas da ga
fantavda im mtrul psixologiur atmosferas, romelic Seiqmna Cvens
garSemo. samwuxarodCvenda unda vaRiaroT, rom erovnul sabWos mier
miRebul kanonSi araviTari mgzavsi amisa ar iyo, unda vaRiaroT, rom
aramc Tu sargebloba ar moutana Cven respublikas, piriqiT pirdapir
unda vsTqvaT, rom am kanonma ziani mogvitana, man Tavisi calmxriobiT
erTgvari undobloba gamoiwvia sxva erebSi Cven demokratiisadmi; Tu
ramdenaT miuRebeli aris sxva erebisTvis es kanoni Cven SegviZlian
amis dasamtkiceblad migiTiToT erT ubralo faktze. Cven viciT,
rom somxis erSi yvelaze ufro Zlieri partia aris daSnakcutiunis
partia. avia Tu kargia, magram faqtia, rom am partiaSi Tavs iyris
yvelaze ufro aqtiuri, erovnulad darazmuli nawili somxis erisa.
warmoidgineT am partias saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi ar hyavs
Tavisi warmomadgeneli. amas imitom ki ar mogaxsenebT, TiTqos Zlier
gviyvardes daSnakcakanis partia, aramed Cven gvgonia es ara normalu
ri mdgomareobaa da is xels ver Seuwyobs Cven damoukideblobis gamt
kicebis saqmes. bolos da bolos TviT mTavrobam dainaxa rom am kanons
hqonda defeqtebi da gamosca ganmarteba, am ganmartebis ZaliT saqa
rTvelos moqalaqeT iTvleba is, vinc iyo romelime administratiul
erTeulze miwerili mag. TavadaznaurTa, meSCanTa, an veqilTa korpo
raciaSi iyo Cawerili. Cven gvgonia, rom es wesic misaRebi ar aris.
SeiZleba adamianma mTeli Tavis sicocxle saqarTveloSi gaatara, ra
modenime 10 weliwadi icxovra saqarTveloSi, magram ar aris miweri
li administratiul erTeulze. ratom unda wavarTvaT imas ufleba,
rom iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
garda amisa am damatebaSi aris naTqvami, magaliTad vinc aris veqi
lis korporaciis siaSi Cawerili is aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. axla
aviRoT, magaliTad muSa, romelic ar aris veqilTa korporaciaSi
297
Cawerili, magram aris Cawerili romelime kavSirSi, is ar SeiZleba
iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe. me mgonia, es miuRebeli aris. samwuxarod
Cvenda aseTive defektebi etyoba am kanons. jer erTi aq sruliad ar
aris naTqvami ra pirobebSi xdeba saerTod Cveni naturalizacia, mar
Talia momxsenebelma sTqva, rom kanons droebiTi xasiaTi aqvso, magram
ar vici es droebiTi ra aris, rodis gaTavdeba is. garda amisa sit
yva droebiTi arafers ambobs, vinaidan yvelaferi droebiTi aris. miT
ufro ar SeiZleba es exla uyuradReboT davtovoT, rom exla swydeba
mTavari politikuri socialur-ekonomiuri sakiTxebi, romlebSiac
yvelam monawileoba unda miiRos. Semdeg, aq araferi ar aris naTqvami
Tu ra pirobebSi iqnebian Cveni ucxoelebi, eqnebaT Tu ara maT ufleba,
magaliTad, politikuri. marTalia Cven viciT magaliTad evropiuli
saxelmwifoebi ar swyaloben ucxoelebs, da politikur uflebebs ar
aniWeben, magram Cven gvgonia, rom es CvenTvis savaldebulo ar aris,
vinaidan evropis konstituciebi burJuaziam Seqmna, Cven kanonebs ki
qmnian socialistebi, garda amisa aq sruliad araferi ar aris naTq
vami bavSvebis Sesaxeb, mcire wlovanTa Sesaxeb, rogor swydeba maTi
qveSevrdomobis sakiTxi CvenSi. sxva da sxva saxelmwifoSi sxva da sx
vanairaT swydeba es sakiTxi, aris saxelmwifoebi, sadac aris egred
wodebuli ns soli. aq saxelmwifos Tavis qveSevrdomaT miaCnia bavSvi,
romelic mis teritoriazed daibada, amis Sesaxeb kanonSi araferi ar
aris gamorkveuli. garda amisa me unda mogaxsenoT formaluri mosaz
rebiT, es sruliad miuRebeli kanoni aris, imitom rom am kanon-pro
eqts aweria „damatebiTi kanon-proeqti“. ras niSnavs es? es niSnavs
imas, rom Tu damfuZnebeli kreba am kanons miiRebs, amiT eo ipso,
Cven viRebT im kanons, romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom. CvenTvis ki
es kanoni miuRebelia da Cven gvgonia Seuferebelia. damfuZnebelma
krebam miiRos kanonebi, ase vsTqvaT, zepiraT, es yovlad SeuZlebelia,
kanoni ar aris feletoni, rom misi gagrZeleba sxvagan veZioT. kanoni
unda iyos mTliani.
garda amisa aq sweria _ „moqalaqe yofil ruseTis imperiisa“. ra
tom moqalaqe yofil ruseTisa? ratom ar SeiZleba yofil osmaleTi
sa. miT ufro es saWiro ar aris, radgan ar viciT vis Sesaxeb mogvix
deba sityva „yofili“ xmareba? Semdeg aris naTqvami, rom „moqalaqeT
iTvlebian ara marto qarTvelebi, aramed sxvebic, vinc sami wlis gan
mavlobaSi scxovrobda saqarTveloSio“. amas batoni momxsenebeli
imiT asabuTebs, rom 1914 weliwadi aris saerTo data, mniSvnelovani
data, magram esec, rom iyos, yovel SemTxvevaSi, es imas ar amtkicebs,
rom vada kidev sami wlis ukan davswioT. maSin gamodis, rom CvenSi
naturalizaciisaTvis saWiroa exla rva weliwadi. SeuZlebeli aris
demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iTqvas, Tu ar scxovrob 8 weliwads ar
iqnebi moqalaqeo. aramc Tu CvenSi demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, TviT
TviTmpyrobelur ruseTSi 5 weliwadSi SeiZleboda naturalizacia,
Tu ki ruseTSi SeiZleboda 5 weli, CvenSi, mainc da mainc ratom aris
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saWiro 8 weliwadi? Semdeg aq aris boloSi naTqvami, Tu vin kargavs
qveSevrdomobas CvenSi. aq naTqvamia „vinc ucxo saxelmwifos moqa
laqes misTxovdebao“ Cven gvgonia, rom esec miuRebeli aris, imitom,
rom rogorc sCans kanonmdebels qali miaCnia kuTvnilebad mamaka
cisa, CvenTvis, socialistebisTvis es muxli miuRebelia. Cven gvwams
qalTa Tanasworoba. es muxli pirdapir amoRebulia ruseTis ZiriT
ad kanonebis me-9 tomidan. vsTqvaT aseTi SemTxveva, qali rom gaTxo
vdeba mas Semdeg is iRebs qveSevrdomobas am saxelmwifosi, romlis
qveSevrdomic aris qmari. vsTqvaT, rom qmari mokvda, rogoria am
qvrivis mdgomareoba, Zveli qveSevrdomoba daubrundeba Tu ara? go
landiaSi, safrangeTSi magaliTad Tu qvrivi dabrunda samSobloSi,
is Zvel qveSevrdomobas Rebulobs, garda amisa, magaliTad, vsTqvaT
qali misTxovda ucxoels, miiRo misi qveSevrdomoba. rogor pirobeb
Si Cavardeba es qali, miiRebs meore qveSevrdomobas Tu ara. esec
gamourkveveli aris. amnairad Cven vxedavT, rom arc erTi muxli ar
aris, rom ar iwvevdes davas da misaRebi iyos, da amitom Cveni fraqcia
am kanons winaaRmdeg miscems xmas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe. me unda ganvimeoro. Cemi azri naturalizaciis,
da sazogadoT Cveulebriv moqalaqeobis miRebis da dakargvis Sesax
eb. kanon-proeqti calke aris. me amas ar vexebodi, batonma Sengelaiam
mTeli kritika gaukeTa amas. ar Semogvitania naturalizaciis kanoni.
is calke mzaddeba ucxoelebze, bavSvebze, da iq iqneba laparaki. gamo
dis, rom Tqven akritikebT imas, razedac aq aravin ar laparakobda. es
aris sruli uZlureba opoziciis kritikisa.
pirvelma kanonma ziani mogvitanao, ar vici vis moutana ziani?
fCxilebSi „memarcxeneebs“? Cvens respublikas ro ar moutana ziani,
es iqidan sCans b. Sengelaia, rom Cvenc da Tqvenc aqa vsxedvarT. Tqveni
politika, rom migveRo, Cven cecxlis alSi viqnebodiT. Tqven vin icis
sad iqnebodiT, damfuZnebeli krebac ar iqneboda.
frazaa, viTom burJuazias ebrZviT, b. Sengelaia, politikur uf
lebebs ucxoelebi moklebulni arian yvelgan, maT Turme Cven unda mi
vceT es uflebani radganac socialistebi qmnian kanons. aris egred
wodebuli demokratiuli respublikebi, da burJuaziuli respublike
bi. yvelgan sadac gnebavT, aris umTavresi saxelmwifoebrivi Tvalsaz
risi. saxelmwifoebrivi Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba iyos demokratiuli,
SeiZleba burJuaziuli. Cven SegviZlian saqarTvelo warmovidginoT
rogorc reaqcioneruli saxelmwifo. SeiZleba mefe, an aristokratia
meTaurobdes saxelmwifos. an aviRoT demokratiuli saqarTvelo ro
gorc dRes aris. demokratiul saqarTvelosTvis savaldebuloa yve
la ucxoels mivceT ufleba? Cven mogaxsenebT aSkaraT, vinc unda iyos
ucxoeli, socialisti Tu ara socialisti Cvens respublikaSi, ar mie
cemaT politikuri-uflebebi. es iqneboda daRupva im saxelmwifosi,
romelic sisxliT da ofliT iqmneba.
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naturalizaciaze ar vlaparakob, arc bavSvebis uflebaze. Cven
gansazRvruli mizani gvqonda. es aris kanon-proeqti damatebiTi,
droebiTi.
rac Seexeba imas, rom pirveli erovnul sabWos mier miRebuli
debuleba, TiTqos ar iyos miRebuli damfuZnebel krebis mier, es Sec
domaa. ar vici, damfuZnebeli kreba ra azrisa aris, magram aSkaraa,
rodesac damfuZnebelma krebam 12 marts aSkarad saqveynoT aRiara,
damoukideblobis aqti, miT coipso daakanona parlamentis kanonmde
bloba. yvela gamocxadebuli kanoni kanonobs damfuZnebel krebisT
visac. (Sengelaia adgilidan: iuridiuli absurdia.) es aris namdvili
iuridiuli siswore. (Sengelaia: absurdi) sxvanairad gageba SeuZle
belia, sxvanairad SeiZleba gaigos iseT kacebma, romelic azrovnobs
ara saxelmwifoebrivad.
kanonma ziani moutana zogierT partiebso, es marTalia. magram Tu
daSnakelebi aq ar Semovidnen ara imitom, rom kanoni iyos damnaSave,
_ aramed imitom, rom daSnakelebma albaT, dakarges ndoba im sazoga
doebaSi, im xalxSi, romelSiac moqmedebden. mgonia, rom daSnakelebi
damarcxdnen ara Cveni kanonis siglaxiT, aramed Tavis politikis sim
rudiT. rac Seexeba imas, rom kanonis gareSe darCa zogierTi elemen
tebi, es marTalia. bevri kategoria aris, romelic ar aris miwerili.
ai am miuwerilobisTvis aris SemuSavebuli damatebiTi kanon-pro
eqti. rac Seexeba mTlian kanon-proeqts, es kanon-proeqti, rogorc
mogaxseneT, aris komisiaSi da warmosdgeba calke.
Tu ratom vixmareT „yofili ruseTi“, da ara „yofili osmaleTi“,
es mitom, rom yofil ruseTis nawili viyaviT Cven. iyo es Cveni survi
li Tu ara, Cven viyaviT, volens-nolens ruseTis nawili, da gamoveyaviT
ruseTs. maSasadame yofil ruseTze aris laparaki. ruseTis sxva da
sxva nawilebi TviT gamorkvevis principze dganan. amitom, vlapara
kob yofil ruseTze, da ara yofil osmaleTze, romelTanac saqme ar
gvqonia. vadis Sesaxeb b. Sengelaia 5 weliwadi kmarao. 5 weli, rom
icxovros ucxoelma da Sedeg ganacxados, es ar kmara mravali konsti
tuciis ZaliT. saWiroa gancxadebis Semdeg icxovros xuTi weliwadi.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu CvenSi ra iqneba, _ im kanoniT, romelsac Semoi
tans sakonstitucio komisia naturalizaciis Sesaxeb, moqalaqeobis
misaRebaT ramdenime xani iqneba saWiro, SeiZleba vada 5 weliwadic
ar iqmnes. oriode sityva qalis uflebebze. aq didi gaugebrobaa.
qali moqalaqe Tu gaTxovda, is kargavs Cvens moqalaqeobas. Tu igi
daqvrivda an ganqorwinda, man SeiZleba aRadginos Cveni moqalaqeo
ba. Cven sworeT ese gvaqvs SemuSavebuli, rom qali rodesac daqor
windeba, an daqvrivdeba igi aRadgens moqalaqeobas, magram amaze aq
ar iyo laparaki, es calke sakiTxia. reziume: kritikuli SeniSvna
sruliad ar Seefereba sinamdviles, ar exeba sagans; naturalizacias
ar SevxebivarT. araviTari ziani pirvel kanons respublikisaTvis ar
moutania. moutana ziani im elementebs, romlebic Cveni moqalaqeebi
300
ar arian, da arc unda iyvnen, Tu ar gindaT, rom Cveni respublikis
weswyobileba daemxos, da an daemgzavsoT memarjvene respublikebs
da egredwodebul im „memarcxene“ respublikebs, rogoric aris mag
aliTad, ruseTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis grigol giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe: (s. d.) me mgonia, rom is principialuri Sexedu
loba, romelic aq warmosTqva damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma Sengelaiam
aris namdvilad calmxrivi, maSin rodesac is Cven gvikiJinebs, rom Cve
ni Sexeduloba aris calmxrivio. „karg mTqmels kargi gamgoni unda“-o
ai swored amaze aris naTqvami.
warmodgenili kanon-proeqti aris agebuli or principze. rode
sac Cven vkanonmdeblobT, erTmxriv unda gvqondes saxeSi pirovneba da
misi uflebebi, rom misi uflebebi daCagruli ar iyos; meore mxriT,
rodesac Cven vqmniT saxelmwifos, romelic iZulebiTi organizaciaa,
unda gvqondes mxedvelobaSi saxelmwifos interesebi (Sengelaia: „es
antagonizmia.) ai exla Tqven brZaneT antagonizmze, Tqven sityvaSi
ki brZaneT calmxriobaze, maSasadame Tqven SeniSvniT ukan daixieT,
da cota Tu CaukvirdebiT, maSin kanon-proeqts gaigebT. samwuxaroT,
an SeiZleba bevri ifiqroT romelime kanonze da sruliad ver gaig
oT, an da ar gsurT gaigoT is principi, romelzedac aris agebuli
kanon-proeqti. amis Semdeg me ar mikvirs, rom zogierTebma ar gaigo,
an ver gaigo Cveni kanonmdeblobiTi xazi. rodesac vinme JinianobiT
aris moculi, ver gaigebs imasac, rac namdvilad saRi aris.
ai ase daemarTa im Cven mowinaaRmdegeebs, romlebmac gangaSi astex
es Cvengan gamocemul kanonis Sesaxeb. ase daemarTeba xolme yvela im
Cven mowinaaRmdegeebs, romelic JinianobiT aris moculi. me isev saqmes
daubrundebi da vityvi, rom kanon-proeqti aris or saR principze age
buli: saxelmwifoebriv da individualur intereseze, da aseTi kanon
mdebloba, aseTi muSaoba aris namdvili saRi. da Tu Cven ese davayeneT
sakiTxi, rom am patara Cven saxelmwifoSi vinc unda SemoiWras, vinc ga
mogvicxadebs „me msurs Tqveni moqalaqeoba“, yvela upiroboT gavxadoT
Cven moqalaqeT, da amgvarad yvelas gauRebT karebs _ es SeuZlebelia.
am SemTxvevaSi Tqven daicavT romelime pirovnebis interess, (xma: so
cialisturi principi) magram ar daicavT saxelmwifoebriv princips
(xma: teritoriis interesi?) es aris saxelmwifoebrivi interesi. meore
mxriv ar unda iyos pirovnebis ufleba ukugdebuli, arc daCagruli.
maSasadame, am or principze unda iyos agebuli Cveni kanonmde
bloba, da es kanon-proeqti am or principze aris agebuli. Cven viRebT
obieqtur pirobebs da vambobT, vinc winad cxovrobda ama Tu im xnis
ganmavlobaSi mas aqvs ufleba, rom miiRos moqalaqeoba Cven respub
likaSi, Tu amas isini gamoacxadeben gansazRvrul vadaSi. me mgonia,
iseTi principiT unda vixelmZRvanelod Cven, rodesac saxelmwifos
vaSenebT da mas niadags umagrebT. visac ki hsurs, rom ar aaSenos
saxelmwifo, visac surs, rom am saxelmwifos Ziri gamouTxaros, is
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adgia ara saxelmwifoebriv princips, aramed namdvils individual
ur princips, romelic aris ara saxelmwifoebrivi, aramed anarqiuli
principi. amitom es kanon-proeqti mTeli Tavisi SinaarsiT, mTeli
Tavisi principebiT aris misaRebi (Sengelaia: uprincipoa). magram
meore mxriv aris Semdegi. momxsenebelis sityvebidan gamoirkva, rom
sakonstitucio komisia yvela ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelnic
moqalaqeobriv sakiTxis farglebSi ibadebian, kanon-proeqts ukve
imuSavebs, meore mxriv es kanon-proeqti aris damatebiTi; da ai im
itom, rom Cven gvqondes sruli sakanonmdeblo aqti, sadac yvela is
sakiTxebi, romelic ibadeba moqalaqeobriobis garSemo garkveuli da
erTxel da samudamod gadaWrili iyos namdvilaT im principis mixed
viT, romelnic gatarebulia am kanon-proeqtSi, da meore mxriv, rom
sabolood daedvas sazRvari im gangaSs, romelic am sakiTxis garSe
mo arsebobs, sasurvelia, rom Semotanili kanonproeqti daubrundes
isev sakonstitucio komisias im mizniT, rom sul axlo momavalSi, erT
kviraSi, an aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi, es ZiriTadi kanonproeqti, sadac
yvela es sakiTxebi saTanadoT gaSuqebuli, gadaWrili aris, Semoita
nos damfuZnebel krebaSi. manam ki mdgomareoba darCeba iseTive, ro
goric aris. Cven gvaqvs Zveli kanonebi miRebuli parlamentis mier,
miT vixelmZRvanelod; am xnis ganmavlobaSi ki Semovides ZiriTadi
kanon-proeqti moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, romelsac an miiRebs damfuZnebe
li kreba an uaryofs. (Sengelaia: Tu kargia, miiReT)
Tavmjdomare: maSasadame, winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili. am
winadadebis Sesaxeb hsurs visme Tu ara sityva? msurveli aravin aris.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe. (momxsenebeli) rogorc mogaxseneT es ZiriTadi
debuleba uryevelia, rom gadavcdeT amas, unda avcdeT saxelmwifos
aRmSenebelobas da davadgeT anarqiis gzas.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, isic marTalia, rom sakonstitucio komi
siaSi gaxlavT SemuSavebuli kanon-proeqti saerTo moqalaqeobis da
kargvisa da mopovebisa.
cxadia, Tu damfuZnebeli kreba moisurvebs, Tu mas hsurs es, Cveni
sakonstitucio komisia winaaRmdegi ar iqneba, rom SevaerToT isini
erTad da erTad warmoudginoT damfuZnebel krebas axlo momavalSi.
amis winaaRmdeg Cven ar varT.
Tavmjdomare: maSasadame, kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdeg rom
warmodgenili kanonproeqti daubrundes sakonstitucio komisias?
winaaRmdegi aravin aris, maSasadame, kanonproeqti daubrundeba sa
konstitucio komisias.
302
xelovnebis komisiisaTvis 100000 m. gadacemis proeqti.
303
li iyo Cven komisiaSi da ai Cven komisiasTan erTad imuSavebs gegmas,
rom dResaswauli Catardes rigianad.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis leo naTaZes.
leo naTaZe (s. d.) Cveni fraqcia mxars uWers am kanonproeqts
savsebiT, magram radganac es asi aTasi maneTis gadadeba Seexeba safi
nanso komisias, da radganac safinanso komisias jer Tavisi azri amis
Sesaxeb ar gamouTqvams, Cven saWirod vcnobT gadavceT safinanso
komisias, romelic Tavis azrs warmoadgens am asi aTas maneTis Tanxis
gadadebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris momxre rom komisiis dadgenileba gadaeces
safinanso-sabiujeto komisias? miRebulia erTxmad.
dRiuri wesrigSi araviTari sakiTxi aRar aris.
sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs gancxadebisTvis.
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lisi Semdegi aris: mogvikles ori jaris kaci, davkargeT oTxi cxeni,
mxolod daWrili aris 19. mtris zarali metis metad sagrZnobi aris.
21 aprilidan mokidebuli generalma arTmelaZem win waswia mow
inave samxedro razmebi olTis da yarsis mimarTulebiT. Cven sruli
imedi gvaqvs, rom is adgilebi, romelic Cven davikaveT savsebiT uz
runvel gvyofs Cven strategiulad, winsvlas arc sardloba da arc
mTavroba ar hfiqrobs am Jamad.
am Jamad mTeli axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebi sadac aqa iq Tavi
iCines brboebma, savsebiT maTgan gawmendilia.
rac Seexeba soWis olqs, Tqven gazeTebidan iciT, rom Seteva deni
kinis winaaRmdeg daiwyo 17 aprils dilis 4 saaTze. saxalxo gvardiis
cxenosanTa divizionma RamiT gadalaxa mdinare bzibi, rogorc mogex
senebaT, araviTari konfliqts im piketebTan, romelic iq ingliselebs
hyavT, adgili ar hqonia. mdinaris gadalaxvis dros daixrCo erTi mxe
dari da davkargeT sami cxeni. marjvena frTam daikava „otradnoe“
xolo marcxenam yofil didmTavris agaraki „kolxida“ sadac tyved
igdes 4 oficeri da 2 jaris-kaci.
mtris artileriam divizions srola autexa, magram divizionma
artilerias Semouara da tyved igdo. naSuadRevis or saaTze Cvenma
jarma daikava gagra da 6 versi win waiwia. orive mxriv Semovlili
mteri gaiqca: mogvikles 2 gvardieli da dagviWres 3. Cven tyved vig
deT 88 oficeri da 150 jaris-kaci, maT daakldaT 87 kaci. ukan daxevis
dros moxaliseebma dastoves lazareTi, sadac aRmoCnda 25 avadmyofi
oficeri da 360 jaris-kaci.
18 aprils 9 saaTze gvardiam daikava md. maxadiris xazi. damarcx
ebulma mterma, romelsac mcxovreblebma srola autexes, daixia mdin
are bzibamdis.
im cnobebis Tanaxmad, romelic Cven miviReT mteri Tavs iyris ad
lerTan. orive operacia mTavrobis azriT Cven strategiul mdgo
mareobas uzrunvelhyofs. arc erT mimarTulebiT, rogorc Tavidan
mogaxseneT, Cven miznaT ar gvqonda axal raionebis dapyroba, aramed
vikavebT strategiul adgilebs da es mizani savsebiT mixweulia. Cven
vfiqrobT Tu Cveni mowinaaRmdegeni ar moindomeben gadasdgan raime
avantiuristiuli nabiji operacia savsebiT damTavrebuli aris da
Cven gveqneba saSualeba im nawilebiT, romelic iq aris, SemdegSiac
davicvaT Cveni sazRvrebi. (taSi)
Tavmjdomare: vis hsurs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mes
xiSvils.
mesxiSvili (s. f.) moqalaqeno, is winadadeba, romelic me msurs
Semovitano dasabuTebas ar saWiroebs.
sruliad aSkara aris, ramdeni Rvawli miuZRvis Cven jars da sax
alxo gvardias Cven saxelmwifos winaSe. amitom winadadeba Semomaqvs
damfuZnebel krebis saxeliT mivesalmoT reguliarul jars da sax
alxo gvardias, rogorc erTs, ise meore frontze.
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Tavmjdomare: ukacraod! unda mogaxsenoT, rom aseTi winadadeba
winaT iyo Semotanili. me ar vicodi Tu am winadadebis Semotana hsur
da krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
werilobiT aseTi winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili social-demokra
tebis mier. rogorc sCans ori winadadeba da erTi igive Sinaarsisa aris.
mdivani: (kiTxulobs) moismina ra mTavrobis gancxadeba samxedro
moqmedebis Sesaxeb, damfuZnebeli kreba salams uZRvnis Cvens jars da
gvardias Tavis movaleobis pirnaTlad SesrulebisaTvis respubliki
sa da demokratiis winaSe da gadadis morig sakiTxebze.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi am winadadebis? aravin. erTx
maT aris miRebuli (taSi).
sxva sakiTxebi dRiur wesrigSi aRar gaxlavT da amitom vxurav sx
domas.
ukacravad, gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi gancxadeba:
mdivani: (kiTxulobs
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saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
mecamete sxdoma
307
bis unari, imis Tavmdebi iyo, rom mas kidev SeeZlo didi sargebloba
moetana saqarTvelos demokratiisTvis, saqarTvelos demokratiul
respublikisTvis. mas ar dascalda, _ uwyalo sikvdilma xelidan ga
moacala damoukidebel saqarTvelos misi dauRalavi moamage da fxi
zeli daraji.
erTad-erTi, rac anugeSebs rogorc mis daoblebul ojaxs da
mcire-wlovan Svilebs da agreTve saqarTvelos demokratias, aris is,
rom Tavis Tavdadebuli Tav-ganwiruli muSaobiT wauSleli xsovna
dastova saqarTvelos xalxis gulSi. saxeli da dideba mas! saukuno
xseneba gansvenebuls.
neba momeciT, moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis saxeliT samZimari
gadavce mis daoblebul ojaxs, da Tqven gTxovT fexze adgomiT pa
tivi sceT. (damfuZnebel krebis wevrni fexze adgomiT pativs scemen
gansvenebulis xsovnas).
meore samwuxaro ambavic unda mogaxsenoT:
am erTi kviris winaT gardaicvala agreTve damfuZnebel krebis
wevri osman Savyi gvaramaZe.
marTalia, damfuZnebeli kreba imas jer ar icnobda imitom, rom
mas saSualeba ar hqonda mosuliyo saqarTvelos deda qalaqSi da mis
kanonmdebel organoSi muSaoba daewyo, magram CvenTvis didi danak
lisi aris misi gardacvaleba, uaRresad imitom, rom b. gvaramaZe gax
ldaT amorCeuli da warmomadgeneli im kuTxisa, sadac ai, amdeni xani
iRvreba sisxli Tavganwirul mebrZolTa saqarTvelos damoukide
blobisa da mis gaerTianebisTvis.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. gvaramaZis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos gaer
Tianebis saqmeSi, misi moRvaweoba axalcixis mazraSi metadre glex
kacebisTvis imis axsnis da ganmartebis saqmeSi, rom maT saqarTvelos
gareSe cxovreba ar SeuZlianT da arc unda isurvon, yvelaferi es
Cven gvaZlevs sabuTs vifiqroT, rom gvaramaZis dakargviT damfuZneb
el krebas da saqristiano da samuslimano saqarTvelos gaerTianebis
saqmes didi danaklisi mouvida.
gTxovT, moqalaqeno, pativi sceT fexze adgomiT. (deputatebi fex
ze dgebian). exla, batonebo, mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.
308
komisiebSi gadasacem kanonproeqtTa sia.
1. samxedro ministris kanonproeqti ojaxur mdgomareobiT jar
Si ganTavisuflebisa.
gadaeces samxedro komisias.
2. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti
sasinjao sammarTvelosi.
gadaeces safinanso sabiujeto komisias.
3. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti.
sawon-sazomTa palatisa.
gadaeces safinanso sabiujeto komisiaT.
4. gzaTa ministris kanonproeqti saxazino rkinis gzebiT mosam
saxuresaTvis jamagiris momatebisa.
gadaeces gzaTa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisias,
5. finansTa ministris proeqti dekretisa saqarTvelos parla
mentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis (saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesa
naxad kreditis gaxsnisa) gangrZnobis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces sabiujeto safinanso komisiis.
6. mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris kanon-proeqti uZrav qonebaTa iZu
lebiTi wamorTmevisa, droebiTi dakavebisa da nawilobrivi sargeb
lobis saxelmwifo, an sazogado saWiroebisaTvis.
gadaeces agrarul da iuridiul komisiaT.
7. samxedro ministris mier warmodgenili droebiTi wesebi daxo
cil an muSaobis unar dakargul samxedro pirTa saxalxo gvardielTa
da moxaliseTa da maTi ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces samxedro komisias.
8. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti epidemiasTan brZola
Si daRupul da Sromis unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa ojaxebis dax
marebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces janmrTelobisa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
9. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti sakaTedro taZrebi
sa da sakaTolikozo dawesebulebaTa SenaxvisaTvis 1918 wels gaweul
xarjebis dasafaravad 1.504.820 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces sabiujeto safinanso komisias.
10. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti 1915-1917 w.w. saero
bo xarjTaRricxvis gagrZelebisa 1919 wlisTvisac.
gadaeces adgilobriv mmarTvelobis, TviTmmarTvelobis da sabiu
jeto-safinanso komisiaT.
11. Sromis ministris kanon-proeqti Sromis xelSekrulobis Se
saxeb.
gadaeces Sromisa da iuridiul komisiaT.
mdivani: exla mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.
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dRiuri wesrigi.
310
amitom Cvenis azriT, saWiro aris es sakiTxi ganixiloT pirve
lad, Torem Tu bolos moeqca, dRes mis ganxilvas ver movaswrobT da
paraskevisTvis ki metad dagvianebuli iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) arsebiTad araferi gveqneba sawinaaRmdego,
rom SekiTxva pirvelad iqnas ganxiluli, magram reglamentiT Cven gva
qs miRebuli, rom SekiTxva dRiur wesrigis bolos irCeva. exla rom
SevcvaloT es wesrigi Zalian Sors wagviyvans.
sjobian, rom darCes Zveli wesi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom SekiTxva pirvel rigSi dais
vas? winadadeba uaryofilia. maSasadame krebas surs dRiuri wesrigi
daamtkicos ise, rogorc prezidiumma warmoadgina.
pirveli sakiTxi: xelovnebis komisiisaTvis 100,000 maneTis gada
cemis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, romelic pirvelia wes
rigSi, pavle sayvareliZes. (xma: ar aris!) sityva ekuTvnis meore momx
senebels: geronti qiqoZes.
311
proeqti dekretis damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa immunitetisa
(Seuvalobisa).
312
aris kidev meore garemoeba, romelic aucilebels hyofs dam
fuZnebel krebis wevris imunitetis dawvrilebiT ganxilvas da da
muSavebas. es mizezi gaxlavT is, rom sazogadod iseTi ryevis, ngre
va-Senebis xanaSi, romelSiac iwveven xolme damfuZnebel krebas, rom
man axali wyobileba daamyaros, ar aris ukve damuSavebuli sistema
wyobilebisa, arc moqalaqea Tavisufali, uzrunvelyofili, arc sxva
aseTi konsitucionuri variantebi arseboben. aseT mxareSi, rogorc
Cveni qveyana, cotad Tu bevrad yovelTvis warmoebs erTgvari mouwes
rigebeli brZola moqalaqeTa Soris. SeiZleba es ar iyos pirdapiri
brZola, sisxlis Rvra, magram aseTi brZola Widils, romelic faqti
urad amyarebs axal konstitucias, yovelTvis aqvs adgili im qveyneb
Si, sadac cxovreba ar SemuSavebula, ar daduRebula, ar Camosxmula
iuridiul garkveul kalapotSi. aseT xanis mdgomareobas ganvicTiT
dRes Cvenc. daufaravad unda vsTqvaT Semdeg: miuxedavaT imisa, rom
Cven gvaqvs survili da miswrafeba demokratiul wyobilebisadmi, rom
dRes arsebobdes CvenSi demokratiuli ufleba, demokratiuli garan
tiebi, _ es arc SeiZleba arsebobdes. Zalianac rom gvqondes survili
mis ganxorcielebisa; Cven amiT moutandiT mets zarals, mets zians
TviT respublikas, mis momavals, vidre mis ganmtkicebas. dRes aseTi
uzrunvelyofis Seqna SeuZlebelia, da sanam ar damdgara brZola Wi
dili, sanam cxovreba ar Camdgara raime kalapotSi, es yovlad Seu
Zlebelia, warmoudgenelia. amitom erTgvar gansakuTrebul wesebs,
gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas, im pirobebSi, romelSiac Cven vimyofe
biT, yovelTvis eqneba adgili. es revoliuciis talRebi, romelnic
yovelTvis Seicaven Tavis SinaarsSi erTgvar anarqiis talRebs, sanam
igi ar dadgeba, mudam Sehqmnian gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas, roca
gansakuTrebuli zomebi aucilebeli gaxdeba, TviT demokratiisTvis,
TviT ukidures socialistisTvis.
Cveni komisiisTvis erTi iyo udavo, rom miuxedavaT yvela amisa
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni unda idgnen am mRelvarebis da am SfoTis
gareSe, isini unda darCnen aRWurvilni im garantiebiT, romelsac
aZlevs konstitucia da romlis saSualebiT maT miecemaT saSualeba,
SeZleba qveynis movlisa da patronobisa, es aris mTavari, mxolod ma
Sin, rodesac damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi am mxriv sruliad, savse
biT, yovel mxriv uzrunvelyofili iqnebian, mxolod maSin SeuZlianT
marTla ganagon qveyana, energiulad Caerion qveynis muSaobaSi da mTav
robis moqmedebaSi, SemoiRon faqtiurad is konstitucionuri wesi,
romlis dakanoneba mis xelT aris. Cven unda CaverioT aRmasrulebel
Zalis muSaobaSi, yvelgan unda CaverioT, vimuSavoT, magram Tu TiTon
Cven ar varT uzrunvelyofili, rom uweseobis msxverpli gavxdeT, Ta
vis Tavad cxadia, ar SegveZleba wesiereba ganvaxorcieloT.
amas garda unda SevqmnaT erTgvari garegani gamoxatuleba im
ideisa, romelsac atarebs damfuZnebel krebis wevri. iuridiulad
unda iyos Camosxmuli is idea, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aris gamomx
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atveli xalxis suverenobisa da Tu xalxis suverenoba xelSeuxebeli
unda iyos, maSasadame xeluxlebeli unda iyos matarebeli am xalxos
nur ideisa. is iyo mTavari motivi, mTavari azri, romelzedac aris
aSenebuli Tqven winaSe warmodgenili dekreti. TviT xeluxleblo
bis dekreti ganiyofa or nawilad; erTi nawili mogiTxrobT imas,
rom mTeli rigi moqmedebisa, romelic Cveulebriv dros, Cveulebriv
cxovrebaSi unda delektaT, danaSaulobaT CagveTvala, damfuZnebel
krebis wevrisTvis danaSaulad ar iTvleba da arc SeiZleba danaSau
loba uwodos mas; aseTi imunitetiT, aseTi ganTavisuflobiT yovel
gvar dekretisagan sargeblobs mxolod erTi nawili damfuZnebel
krebis wevris muSaobisa da moRvaweobisa, swored is, romelic swar
moebs pirdapir damfuZnebel krebaSi. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri,
rodesac is asrulebs Tavis movaleobas sxdomaze, an sxvagan, ese igi
asrulebs samuSaos, romelsac pirdapiri uSuamavlo kavSiri aqvs
damfuZnebel krebis moRvaweobasTan da mis funqciebis asrulebas
Tan, ai im dros yovelive imis moqmedebis gamoxatuleba, iqneba is
sityva, xmis micema, an sxva raime muSaoba, sul erTia, _ es moqmedeba
ar iTvleba delektaT, ese igi danaSaulobaT, aseT moqmedebisTvis ve
ravin, veraviTari Zala mas pasuxismgeblobaSi ver miscems. vsTqvaT
tribunaze warmosTqva damfuZnebel krebis wevrma aseTi sityva, ro
melSiac aris vismes, an piradi Seuracxyofa, an aris mowodeba ara
kanonier moqmedebisadmi, _ aseTi sityva, tribunidan warmoTqmuli,
ar iTvleba deliqtaT, ar iTvleba danaSaulobaT. aq moqmedebs kre
bis prezidiumi da misi diskrecionuli Zala, romelsac SeuZlian
SeaCeros esa Tu is wevri da kreba Caayenos erTgvar kalapotSi, ma
gram mis gareSe araviTar Zalas, TviT damfuZnebel krebasac-ki ara
aqvs ufleba, rom igi misces samarTalSi. damfuZnebel krebis wevrni
am mxriv unda iyvnen sruliad uzrunvelyofilni, rom Tavis azri Tav
isuflad gamosTqvan. damfuZnebel krebis wevri pasuxs agebs mxolod
winaSe Tavis sindisiT, Tavis movaleobis grZnobis da im sazogadoe
bisa, romelmac igi gamogzavna. es pasuxismgebloba aris politiku
ri, sazogadoebrivi, magram ara iuridiuli. erTad-erTi iuridiuli
pasuxismgebloba, romelic aris SesaZlebeli, es gaxlavT disci
plinaruli pasuxismgebloba Tavmjdomaris winaSe, Tu damfuZnebel
krebis wevri Seuracyofas miayenebs an damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs, an
TviT damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebas Selaxavs. maSasadame erTad-erT
disciplinarul sasjels eqvemdebareba damfuZnebel krebis wevri
Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros; da maSasadame misi moqmedeba ar
iTvleba danaSaulad. es yvela konstituciisTvis, yvela wyobilebi
sTvis udavoa da marTlac uamisod ar SegviZlian gavigoT, ra surda
ama Tu deputats an im xalxs, romlis warmomadgeneli is aris, ro
melmac xma misca mas, romelmac Caabara mas mandati da daabara, rom
misi azri gamosTqvas. mTeli xalxis azri, rogorc fokusSi, ise unda
ixatebodes damfuZnebel krebaSi. yovel wevrs unda hqondes saSuale
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ba Tavis namdvili rwmena, namdvili Tavis azri savsebiT gamoaaSkara
vos, gamosTqvas tribunidan.
magram aris kidev meore sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba, an saerTod
Seicavs namdvil immunitets. es gaxlavT xeluxlebloba deputatisa
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is marTla sCadis danaSaulobas da roca misi
moqmedeba ar SeiZleba danaSaulad ar CaiTvalos. aviRoT Tu gind ig
ive sityva, igive mowodeba ajanyebisTvis warmoTqmuli sadme krebaze,
mitingze, ojaxSi da sxvagan. es ueWvelad CaiTvleba deliqtad, es da
naSaulobaa, vinaidan am SeTxvevaSi damfuZnebel krebis wevri Tavis
movaleobis gareSe sdgas da is iseTive Cveulebrivi moqalaqea, ro
gorc sxva. maSasadame yoveli misi moqmedeba gaizomeba ise, rogorc
gaizomeba sxva moqalaqis moqmedeba. misi sityva Tu Seicavs ukanono
rames, es danaSaulia iseTi, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes danaSauli.
misi moqmedeba Tu Seicavs elements ukanonobisas, Tavis Tavad cxa
dia, is eqvemdebareba ama Tu im kanonis muxls. magram aq ibadeba meo
re sakiTxi. sasargebloa Tu ara, rom am moqmedebisTvis Cven mivceT is
samarTalSi? ra ufro didi boroteba iqneba, is, rom damfuZnebel kre
bis wevri raime danaSaulobisTvis mivceT dauyovnebliv samarTalSi
da yovelive organos, romelic am sagans ganagebs, ufleba hqondes mas
xeli waavlos, daatusaRos, cixeSi gagzavnos, Tu umjobesia, rom am
SemTxvevaSic damfuZnebeli krebis wevri xelSeuxebeli iyos sxva dan
arCen organoebisTvis. Cven gvgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSiac damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri unda iyos xelSeuvali, ese igi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
misi moqmedeba iTvleba danaSaulad ama Tu im kanonis muxlis ZaliT,
ar SeiZleba Cveulebrivi wesiT, imgvarive wesiT, rogorc sxva moqa
laqe, iqmnes is samarTalSi micemuli. amisTvis vaarsebT Cven gansa
kuTrebul wesiT samarTalSi micemas. ai am gansakuTrebul wesSi, am
gansakuTrebul privilegiaSi gamoixateba misi imuniteti, anu misi xe
lSeuvaloba. ZvelaT ruseTSi iyo es xelSeuvaloba, magram es hqondaT
moxeleebs, Cinovnikebs; magaliTad, Cinovnikebis sasamarTloSi micema
ar SeiZleboda, Tu misi ufrosi amas ar moisurvebda. Cven rasakvir
velia, ar gvinda dRes es sakiTxi ufross mivandoT. an Cinovniki iseT
imunitetiT aRvWurvoT, piriqiT, Cven gvgonia, yoveli moxele unda
iyos Tanasworad pasuxis mgebeli, rogorc yoveli moqalaqe, mxolod
kanonmdebeli, wevri saxelmwifos umTavres organosi, romelic mar
Tavs da ganagebs qveyanas, unda iyos uzrunvelyofili sxva qvemdebare
organoebis mxriv, xelSeuxebeli. Tu sasamarTlos, an gamomZiebels
ufleba eqneba TviTeuli damfuZnebel krebis wevri daiWiros, cixe
Si Casvas, maSin es gamgebeli gaxdeba damfuZnebel krebisa, vinaidan
damfuZnebel-krebis wevri da yvela is pirebi, romelnic ama Tu sx
domaze ara sasurvelni iqnebian misTvis, SeuZlia daiWiros da cixe
Si gagzavnos. da Semdeg, roca gamoZiebas daaTavebs ukan daabrunos.
am rigad mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli, an administratori gaxdeba
namdvili patroni da gamge damfuZnebel krebisa da ara piriqiT,
315
damfuZnebeli kreba iqneba patroni da gamge am moxeleebisa. Cven ki
gvinda, rom sworeT arc erTi damfuZnebel krebis wevri mcire raime
danaSaulobisTvis, an didi danaSaulobisTvisac ar iqnes Selaxuli;
SesaZlebloba da normaluri pirobebi damfuZnebel krebis kanonmde
blobiTi muSaobisa. amisTvis vawesebT Cven erTgvar imunitets, es imu
niteti exeba mxolod zogierT procesualur wess damfuZnebel kre
bis wevris pasuxismgeblobaSi micemisas, gaCxrekas, dapatimrebas da
sxva. yvela am wesebSi unda iyos gansxvaveba masa da Cveulebriv moqa
laqes Soris. aseTi gansxvaveba unda iyos. es wesebi Cven dawvrilebiT
CamovTvaleT, movaxseneT damfuZnebel krebas. krebis wevris piradi
gaCxreka, dapatimreba da agreTve samarTalSi micema, rac dapatimre
bisa da gamoZiebis Semdeg xdeba, SeiZleba swarmoebdes. samarTalSi
micema ki unda moxdes gansakuTrebul wesiT. agreTve dapatimreba da
sxva iseTi zomebi, romelic xels SeuSlis deputats Tavis movaleo
bis asrulebaSi. yvela es CamoTvlilia calke muxlebSi, romlebsac
Semdeg ganvixilavT. komisiaSi, miviReT Semdegi wesi: im procesialu
ri wesebis Sesasruleblad, romlebic Cveulebriv moqalaqes mimarT
unda iqnes miRebuli, rogorc winaswari zoma sasamarTlos organos
gan, roca igi damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Seexeba, saWiroa damfuZneb
el krebis dasturi, damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenileba, da mxolod
am gadawyvetilebis Semdeg sasamarTlos aqvs ufleba ise moepyras
damfuZnebel krebis wevrs, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes. danarCen
Si is ar iqneba araviTar pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebuli.
TiTon damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba am SemTxvevaSi ufleba, Tavis
wevri misces samarTalSi, an ar misces. danarCenSi ki is eqvemdebareba
sasamarTlos ise, rogorc sxva moqalaqe, ukeTu is samarTalSi iqne
ba micemuli, maSin mas moepyrobian ise, rogorc ubralo moqalaqes,
romelic samarTalSi aris micemuli, moepyrobian ise, rogorc sxva
damnaSaves, romelic iseTive saqmisaTvis aris samarTalSi micemuli.
mxolod erTi elementi, erTi momenti aris Setanili, _ esaa nebarT
va TviT damfuZnebeli krebisa, aq aris erTgvari rwmena ara TviTeul
damfuZnebel krebis wevrisadmi, aramed mTel damfuZnebel krebis,
mTel krebulisadmi. mTeli krebuli TiTon ufro ukeT gaigebs imas,
ama Tu im wevris moqmedeba marTlac amcirebs mis Rirsebas, Tu ara. Tu
amcirebs, mas aqvs saSualeba samarTalSi gadasces da amnairad samar
Tlianoba aRadginos da Tavis Rirseba daicvas, Tu umjobesia wevri
darCes damfuZnebel krebaSi da imuSaos, dastovebs damfuZnebel
krebas, rogorc suverenul gamomxatvels xalxis neba-survilisa. ro
gorc umaRles kanonmdebels, neba aqvs, da saSualeba moepoeba, rom es
wevri Tavis adgilas dastovos da amuSaos, rom amiT xalxs Sesaferi
sargebloba moutanos. maSasadame principi xalxis sargeblobisa da
xalxis samsaxurisa aqac savsebiT aris daculi. es mTavari ZiriTadi
idea, romelzedac dayrdnobilia yoveli demokratiuli wyobileba,
aq savsebiT aris gatarebuli da daculi.
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ai aseTia is dekreti, romelic Tqven winaSe aris dRes warmod
genili. am dekretis bolo muxlSi aris Setanili erTgvari sasjeli,
vinaidan am dekretis darRvevisaTvis, CvenSi yovelgvar kanons eWir
veba sanqcia, es sanqcia unda iyos aqac. Tu sasjeli ar aris dadgenili
kanonis darRvevisaTvis, igi SeiZleba ar aasrulon, ar gaanxorcielon
da araviTari saSualeba ar gveqneba Zala davatanoT da ganvaxor
cielebinoT. amisTvis aris damatebuli gansakuTrebuli muxli am
dekretis damrRvevTa dasjisa. aq aris kidev erTi muxli, romelic Se
exeba damfuZnebel krebis mier ama Tu im wevris pasuximgeblobaSi mi
cemis wess. Cven gvaqvs miRebuli xmis 2/3-is umravlesoba. damfuZnebe
li kreba am umravlesobiT gadaswyvets sakiTxs damfuZnebeli krebis
wevris dapatimrebisa an samarTalSi micemis Sesaxeb. ratom miviReT
es kvalificiuri umravlesoba da ara martivi umravlesoba? imitom,
rom aqac gvindoda damfuZnebel krebas ise, rogorc yovel krebuls
exelmZRvanela ara marto partiul JinianobiT, aramed samarTlis
ideiT. mosalodnelia, Cven ar vambobT, ueWvelad moxdeba, magram mo
salodnelia, rom wevris gamoricxvis uflebiT umravlesobam isarge
blos da opoziciis wevrebi misces pasuxismgeblobaSi. teoretiulad
advili warmosadgenia aseTi SemTxveva: magaliTad, romelime umrav
lesobas umetesoba 4, 5, gind 10 wevri, mas surs, rom meti umravlesoba
hyavdes da rom gaizardos misi umravlesoba, rom uzrunvelyofili
iyos misi muSaoba, igi samarTalSi miscems, daapatimrebs, umcireso
bis, opoziciis wevrT. es ki yovlad miuRebelia. ai amisaTvis gvaqvs
miRebuli garantia, es aris kvalificiuri umravlesoba. am SemTxveva
Si ara Tu umravlesoba aramed erTi nawili opoziciisa unda momxre
iyos azrisa, romelsac adgia umravlesoba. mxolod maSin esa Tu is
winadadeba wevris dapatimrebisa da samarTalSi micemis gatardeba
cxovrebaSi. konkretiulad rom vsTqvaT Cveni damfuZnebeli krebisT
vis, iqneba, amas mniSvneloba ar hqondes, vinaidan Cveni fraqcia did
umravlesobas Seadgens, TiTqmis 9/10-s, magram Cven saWirod migvaCnia,
rom es idea aSkarad da mkafiod iyos gamoxatuli dekretSi. marTa
lia dekreti exeba marto damfuZnebel krebas, magram amis namuSavari
mudam iqneba ase Tu ise saxelmZRvanelod da gvetyvian: „Tqven maSin,
roca damfuZnebeli kreba iyo, SegeZloT ase Tu ise migetrial-moget
rialebiaT saqmeo“. magram rodesac idea iqneba Camosxmuli, gatare
buli, Tundac im SemTxvevaSi mas ar qondes didi konkretiuli mniSvn
eloba, amas ver gvetyvian. ai amitom Cven vadgevarT am demokratiul
ideas, Cven ar gvsurs am SemTxveviT visargebloT da es demokratiuli
garantiebi CavwixloT, gavauqmoT, amitom aris Semotanili es muxli
am dekretSi. ai es azri gamosTqva da SeimuSava komisiam. es azrebi ki
udavo iyo, sadao iyo sxva: saxeldobr is, Tu ra iTvleba damfuZnebeli
krebis wevris muSaobad da rogori moqmedeba damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrisa CaiTvleba deliqtis gareSe mdgomaT. iTvleba Tu ara aseT mo
qmedebad muSaoba im komisiaSi, romelic damfuZnebelma krebam airCia
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da saqmisTvis sxvagan wargzavna? Cven komisiis umravlesoba im azris
iyo, rom, rodesac Cven gavgzavniT sadme komisias aRmasrulebel Za
lis muSaobaSi Casarevad, an sxva raime samuSaos asasruleblad, an sxva
raime specialurs an zogadi mandatiT, am SemTxvevaSi komisiis muSao
ba sruliad ifareba am dekretiT da igi araviTar deliqtaT ar CaiT
vleba. saerTod evropiul konstituciebSi aseTi wesi ar arsebobs,
magram es aixsneba imiT, rom parlamentebSi arc iseTi wesia miRebuli,
rogorc damfuZnebel krebaSi. parlamenti bevrgan aRmasrulebel Za
lis moqmedebaSi ar ereva, ise rogorc ereva damfuZnebeli kreba da
amiT pirdapir marTavs, ganagebs qveyanas. damfuZnebel krebas sWirde
ba amrigaT zedmeti muSaobis asruleba, romelic ar awevs Cveulebriv
parlaments. Cven gvgonia damfuZnebeli krebis imunitetiT ifareba
yvela moqmedeba im komisiisa, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba airCevs
da sxvagan gagzavnis. ai umTavresi azri komisiisa am saganze.
am rigad Cven miviReT ori principi, erTi is, rom moqmedeba dam
fuZnebel krebis wevrisa Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros ar Seicavs
araviTar deliqts da Tavisufalia yovelgvar pasuxismgeblobisagan.
meore is, rom damfuZnebel wevris moqmedeba da muSaoba damfuZnebel
krebis gareSe, Tu igi Seicavs raime danaSaulobis elements, SeiZle
ba dasjili iqnes sasamarTlos mier, magram ukanaskneli miiRebs mis
winaaRmdeg procesialur zomebs mxolod mas Semdeg, roca imas daa
dasturebs da daadgens damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis sxdomaze. ai es aris
mTavari azri am proeqtisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis saerTo msjelobisTvis b-n bara
TaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.). Cven bevrSi veTanxmebiT momxsenebels.
erT SemTxvevaSi martoka aris Cven Soris gansxvaveba.
pirveli muxli am dekretisa icavs ZiriTad princips damfuZneb
el krebis wevris xelSeuxeblobisa. magram, roca ki waikiTxavT meore
muxls, dainaxavT, rom es principi bolomdis daculi ar aris. meore
muxlSi pirdapir nagulisxmebia, rom is xelSeuxebelia maSin, roca
asrulebs Tavis movaleobas, Tavis movaleobas asrulebs damfuZneb
el krebaSi, Tqvens winaSe, da, meore, maSin, roca damfuZnebeli kreba
gansakuTrebiT daavalebs raime saqmes. Cven ki gvgonia, movaleoba
damfuZnebel krebisa da damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa amiT ar amoi
wureba. maTi moRvaweoba mravalferovania da mravalmxrivi. SeuZle
belia, rom man imuSaos da imoqmedos martoka aq. SeuZlebelia, rom
man imoqmedos maSin, roca gansakuTrebiT eqneba davaleba. Cven sxva
warmodgenisa varT. Cveni cxovreba jer Camoyalibebuli ar aris, jer
saxelmwifoebrivi formebi ar gvaqvs da kanonebi dawerili ar aris.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri movalea, rom Tavis moqmedeba gaitanos ga
reT, imuSavos xalxSi da masTan erTad daimuSaos ZiriTadi debuleba
ni, romelnic damfuZnebel krebaSi unda iyos gadmotanili misaRebad,
dasamtkiceblad da cxovrebaSi gansaxorcieleblad. me mogaxsenebT
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magaliTad Semdegs: vsTqvaT damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma warmosTqva
sityva sadme mitingzed, am kanon-proeqtidan sCans, rom mas ara aqvs
sityvis Tavisufleba, ver ityvis imas, rasac ukarnaxebs misi rwmena,
saqmis viTareba da sxv. amisTana moqmedeba rCeba gareSe damfuZnebel
krebis wevris movaleobisa, am SemTxvevaSi kanoni mas zRudavs. war
moidgineT, vinmes, moxeles, swored miliciis warmomadgenels ar moe
wona sityva sxva da sxva mosazrebiT, mas SeuZlian SeaCeros oratori,
ara Tu gaakritikos, aramed zomebi miiRos, rom igi iqidan gandevnos
da Tu gandevnili ar iqmna, yovel SemTxvevaSi sityvas Seuwyvets. me
gkiTxavT Tqven, sad aris aq xelSeuxebloba, sad aris aq sityvis Tav
isufleba? Tqven SegiZliaT mipasuxoT, rom roca iqneba Semotanili
kanon-proeqti sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, maSin, rasakvirvelia,
Cven vimsjelebT da farTod davayenebT sakiTxs. magram am dromdis,
vidre es kanoni Cven ar gvaqvs, swored, rom jerovani iqneba, rom aq
aRvniSnoT es. aravis ufleba ara aqvs, rom rogorc kerZo pirma, ise
moxelem damfuZnebeli krebis wevri SeaCeros, sityva Seawyvetinos.
moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri aris xalxis warmomad
geneli, is Tqven winaSe da xalxis winaSe aris pasuxismgebeli. (xma:
marTalia!). is aris aRWurvili uzenaes uflebiT. sakiTxi CvenTvis
martivia. Cvenis azriT, saca da roca ki ar iyos, damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevri asrulebs Tavis movaleobas. rasakvirvelia gamonaklisi ar
unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi. SesaZlebelia, rom deputatma Caidinos
iseTi moqmedeba, romelic dasaSvebi ar aris, magram amisaTvis Cven
princips ver davarRvevT, Cven iqidan gamovdivarT, rom damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri WkvaTa myofia, aRWurvili xalxis ndobiT, ar unda
iviwyebdes Tavis daniSnulebas, icavs xalxis interess da roca is mo
qmedobs, is asrulebs Tavis movaleobas. Tqven kargad iciT, rom yovel
saxelmwifoSi Zala dagrovilia mmarTvel partiis xelSi da nebsiT Tu
uneblied idevneba mowinaaRmdege mxare. momxsenebelma aRiara, rom
azrTa gacvla-gamocvla saWiroa, unda CamovayaliboT Cveni cxovreba,
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi saxe; dRes vimyofebiT WidilSi da duRilSi.
SeuZlebelia, rom am dros sityvis Tavisufleba SezRuduli iyos. vis
vaniWebT kantrolis uflebebs? vin aris avtoritetiT aRWurvili?
Tu vismes neba aqvs damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Seawyvetinos sityva,
maSin es piri warmoadgens kantrolis avtoritets. Cven vamtkicebT,
rom amisTana avtoritetiT aRWurvilia marto deputati, saqme iu
ridiul pasuxismgeblobaSi ki ar aris, rogorc hqonia momxsenebels.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri pasuxismgebelia da upirvelesad yovlisa
pasuxismgebelia politikur partiis winaSe, mas wams sazogadoeba, af
asebs politikur moRvaweobas da pasuxismgebloba mas esmis, Tu dana
Sauls Caidens, pasuxismgebelia partiis winaSe, meore mxriT partia
mosTxovs angariSs. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri ar aris moklebuli
arc kritikas, arc kontrols. Tu uvargisia da Seuferebeli, xalxi
mas ar airCevs. raT gindaT xelovnurad SevqnaT uflebebis SezRudva,
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deputatis pasuxis gebaSi micema, im azrisTvis da SexedulebisTvis,
romelic igi sityviT anu xmis micemiT gamosTqva, didi Secdomaa. ami
tom meore muxlidan unda amoviRoT „movaleobis im asrulebis dros“,
es imisTana debuleba aris, romelic swored ewinaaRmdegeba ZiriTad
princips xelSeuxleblobisas. azri sazogadod Tavisufalia, azris
gamoTqmis gamo devna SeuZlebelia. ibadeba kiTxva, vsTqvaT damfuZneb
el krebis wevrma visme _ piradi Seuracyofa miayena. maSin, is xom iu
ridiulaT pasuxismgebeli ar aris? am SemTxvevaSi Seuracyofils aqvs
saSualeba pasuxi gasces samediatoro sasamarTloSi. Cvena gvwams,
rom Tu deputati piradaT vismes Seexeba, Seexeba swored imisTvis,
rom xalxis interesi amas moiTxovs, da ar ixelmZRvanelebs kerZo in
teresebiT. amisdamixedviT, Cven unda amoviRoT es oriode sityva, ma
Sin bolomdis principi xelSeuxeblobisa iqneba daculi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. unda mogaxsenoT, rom amisTana winaaRmdegobas ar
velodi am tribunidan. albaT, dRes ukiduresobis xanaa da Cven yvela
sakiTxSi gvinda mTels dedamiwas gadavaWarboT, TviT gonebasac. To
rem, rogor SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom Tu deputati galanZRavs,
galanZRva ar ariso, da Tu kerZo kaci galanZRavs, galanZRva ariso.
Cven, rom davfaroT aseTi moqmedeba deputatisa, unda gansakuTrebuli
pirobebi gvqondes. es gansakuTrebuli piroba aris, ai es tribuna. am
tribunas yavs damcveli prezidiumis saxiT da am tribunaze vinc war
mosTqvams sityvas, romliTac Seuracxyofs vismes, an rac mis Rirsebi
sTvis ar aris sakadrisi, mas Seayenebs, SeaCerebs Tavmjdomare, magram
Tu is laparakobs sadme quCaSi, sadac prezidiumi ver SeaCerebs, igi
aseT privilegiiT ver isargeblebs. ambobs, rom me var damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri da saca waval, vilaparakeb, rac minda da rogorc minda,
Tunda vlanZRo da Seuracxyofa mivayeno visme, aravis ufleba ar aqvs
es deliqtaT, danaSaulaT CamiTvaloso. me sruliad ver momisazre
bia: rogor, roca erTi kaci Caidens danaSauls, es aris danaSauloba
da roca meore Caidens _ es ar aris danaSauli? es Cven ver warmogvid
genia. magram baraTaSvils sxva principi aqvs wamoyenebuli, is ambobs,
raki Cven damfuZnebeli krebis wevrni varT, amitom Cven yovelive mo
qmedebas vuqvemdebarebT xalxs, am zogad SemkrebelobiT erTeuls da
ara sasamarTlos an romelime kanonmdebel dawesebulebaso. amiT mas
unda, rom wevri TviT damfuZnebeli krebisganac gaanTavisuflos,
vinaidan unda ara danaSaulad aRiaros yoveli moqmedeba damfuZnebe
li krebis gareSe Cadenilic. cxadia maSasadame, rom aq aris principi
ara Tavisuflebisa, aramed TviTnebobisa. ai 130 kacs mieces ufleba
TviTnebobisa, rac unda ilaparakon, rogorc unda moiqcnen da gamo
vacxadoT winaswar, rom damnaSaveni ara varTo. TviTnebobis ufleba
130 kacis, rasac TviTmpyrobelobis xanaSiac ki ar qonda adgili, da
Cven sruliadac ar gvsurs TviTneboba davakanonoT. TviT idea, ro
melsac Cven vadgivarT da romliTac zogierTi moqmedeba damfuZnebe
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li krebis kanonierad iqceva, an ara danaSaulobad cxaddeba, aRWur
vilia erTgvari garantiiT. aq aris ndoba ara erT kerZo piris, aramed
mTel krebulis. aq tribunaze nalaparakevi dafarulia imunitetiT
imitom, rom aq aris damfuZnebeli krebis sxdoma, misi muSaoba, aq aris
kolegia, romelic faravs TviTeul wevris moqmedebas da mas aqvs Sina
gani garantia, rom aq uwesoeba ar iqnes Cadenili _ es aris mTavari.
baraTaSvili ambobs, raki damfuZnebeli krebis wevri varo, Cven
pasuxs vagebT mxolod politikurad da sazogadoebrivado. me ki
vambob, rom yoveli moqalaqe, yoveli politikuri moRvawe aris pa
suxismgebeli politikurad da sazogadoebrivad. gana mas ki ar moix
senieben cudad sazogadoebaSi Tu is cudad moiqca? rasakvirvelia
moixsenieben ise, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrs da xSirad ara
naklebadac. gana cotaa aseTi sazogado moRvawe, romelic damfuZneb
el krebaSi ar imyofeba, magram romelsac did pativs vscemT da Tu
cudi yofa-qceva gamoiCina, ara naklebadac davZraxavT, vidre dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs? maS igic mxolod politikurad da sazoga
doebrivad unda iyos pasuxismgebeli. amitom Cven vambobT, SeiZleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevris dasja, Tu misi moqmedeba raime deleqts
Seicavs, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi damfuZnebeli krebis wevri gamodis
aq iseT suverenad, romelic kanonze maRla sdgas. es yovlad war
moudgenelia. xalxis interess icavs ara TviTeuli wevri, aramed dam
fuZnebeli kreba mTlianad, SesaZlebelia, rom romelime wevrs aseTi
warmodgena qondes, rom Tu is wava quCaSi da mouwodebs ajanyebisT
vis xalxs, mouwodebs sasaxlis dasangrevad, karg saqmes Caidens, did
saxelmwifoebriv saqmes gaakeTebs. Cven ki gvgonia, rom es iqneba didi
damrRvevi muSaoba da amitom dasasjelia. vin unda gadasWras es dava?
es unda gadasWras kanonma da kanonmdebelma. moqalaqe baraTaSvili
ki gveubneba, es unda gadasWras im wevrma, romelic moqmedobs, Tu mas
miaCnia es xalxis sasargeblod, dee imoqmedoso. Cven ki gvgonia, is
dausjelad ver imoqmedebs ase, ver mouwodebs xalxs, moqmedebisaken,
romelic isjeba kanoniT, vinaidan kanoni ufro maRla sdgas TviTeul
wevrze, romelic am sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi brZandeba. kanoni
aris sazogadoebrivi neba-survilis gamomxatveli da ara TviTeuli
adamianis nebis gamomxatveli.
Cven ar SegviZlian romelime wevris Sexeduleba gavataroT kanon
Si da TviTeul wevrs mivsceT ufleba kanoni Taviseburad ganmartos.
roca amboben, amovSaloT sityvebi „Tavis movaleobis asrulebis
dros“, es ise unda gavigoT, rom davfaroT damfuZnebel krebis wevri
maSinac, roca is asrulebs ara Tavis movaleobas, aramed sxvis mova
leobas. me ar vici risi eSinian, Tu mas Tavis „movaleobis asrulebis
dros“ eqneba imuniteti? Tu imiT ar kmayofildeba, cxadia rom igi
iyos Tavisufali yovelgvar dasjisagan, maSinac ki rodesac Tavis
movaleobas ki ar asrulebs, aramed arRvevs, Cven ki vambobT, roca is
TviTnebobas iCens, Tavis movaleobas arRvevs, maSin is SeiZleba, ro
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gorc Cveulebrivi moqalaqe, CaiTvalos damnaSaved, radgan igi am mov
aleobis asrulebis gareSe sdgas. Tu b-n baraTaSvils gonia, rom es
muxli aris aRebuli Cveulebrivi konstituciidan, romelsac SeiZle
ba ar mivaqcioT yuradReba, me nebas mivcem Cem Tavs mivmarTo safran
geTis did revoliucias. iqaurma konventma 91 wels ai es principi ro
gor Camoayaliba iqaur konstituciaSi (kiTxulobs).
rogorc sCans, es igive ideaa, romelic Cven meore muxlSia moyvani
li. ase rom amis genezisi iwyeba ara Semdeg konstituciebSi, aramed
revoliuciis konstituciaSi. TviT revoliuciis wiaRSi Caisaxa es
idea kanonmdebelis immunitetisa Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros.
immuniteti ar uaruyviaT maSinac ki, rodesac konventi arRvevda mas,
giliotinaze gzavnida Tavis wevrebs. is arRvevda am kanons, magram
kanoni ar gauuqmebia. es kanoni mainc darCa. is TviTon grZnobda, rom
arRvevda am kanons Sinaur brZolis aucileblobis gamo, romelsac
Tavi ver daaRwia, magram am principis gauqmeba, am principze xelis
aReba mas erTxelac ar ufiqria da Cvenc ar unda vifiqroT. ufro ga
farToeba muxlisa ki iqneba ubralo anarqiis dakanoneba.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa?
muxli miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.). Cveni fraqciis azriT meore muxlidan un
da amoRebuli iqmnas sityvebi: „Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebis dros“.
ori mosazreba moiyvana momxsenebelma.
erTi is, rom Tu vismes gared, ara parlamentis sxdomaze galanZ
RavT, Tqven pasuxismgebeli ara xarTo da sxvas ki, galanZRuls, sa
Sualeba ara aqvs, rom amave wesiT pasuxi mogceTo. me mgonia es iseTi
mciredi mosazreba aris, rom Cven amazed Tqven yuradRebas ar SevaCe
rebT da verc amazed avaSenebT swore azrs. mogexsenebaT, rom roca
iqneba sakiTxi sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, yvelas miecema sityvis
Tavisufleba da am SemTxvevaSi erT da igive niadagze idgebian yve
lani. erTi da igive kanoni orive mxares daicavs. meore _ is mosazreba,
rom Tqven „mouwodebT ajanyebisTvis da wamoiyvanT swored saxelmwi
fos dasangrevad“, moqalaqeno, am SemTxvevisaTvis aris SeniSvna me-5
muxlSi. (kiTxulobs): „ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis
Cadenis dros moaswres _ SeiZleba igi dapatimrebul iqnes, rac dauy
onebliv unda ecnobos krebas“. mowodeba erTi aris, moqmedeba meore.
Cven amas varCevT. sityvis warmoTqma erTi aris da saqmeze gadasvla
ki meore. roca oratori sityviT mimarTavs xalxs, miuTiTebs aqtiur
moqmedebisTvis da nabiji iqneba gadadgmuli aRsasruleblad, roca
igi ukve daiwyobs aqtivobas da gamoCndeba niSnebi borotmoqmedebi
sa, maSin Tqven saSualeba geZlevaT, rom is SeayenoT, xeli SeuSaloT.
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Cven vambobT sazogadod sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, azris gamo
qveynebaze, rwmenis gamoTqmaze da Tqven naTlad dainaxavT, rom swored
es aris SezRuduli meore muxlis mixedviT. sxva konstituciebSi es
sakiTxi arc ise naTlad aris gaSuqebuli. meqsikis konstituciaSi
aris erTi muxli, roca „asrulebs Tavis mandats“. rogorc gindaT
gaigeT. b. momxsenebelma Cveni azris gasabaTileblad moiyvana Zalian
sagulisxmiero magaliTi safrangeTis konventidan. iqa vkiTxulobT:
„roca asrulebs, rogorc warmomadgeneli Tavis movaleobas, is pasux
ismgebeli ar aris, xelSeuxebelia“. ara mgonia, rom es magaliTi Cven
sawinaaRmdegoT iyos. „rogorc warmomadgeneli“ farTo mcneba aris
da amiT SegiZlianT isargebloT ise, rogorc Tqvena gsurT. vsTqvaT,
me wavel mitingze da ganvacxade _ „movel rogorc xalxis warmomad
geneli“, amis uflebas me veravin wamarTmevs, swored rom vasruleb Cem
movaleobas da saWiroeba moiTxovs sityvis Tavisuflebas. ara gvgo
nia Cven, rom konventis wevri yofiliyos SezRuduli Tavis moqmedeba
Si. sawinaaRmdego faqtebi Cven ar viciT da arc iyo aq moyvanili. Cve
ni azri Seuryeveli darCa. vTqvaT, rom b. momxsenebeli swored xsnis
konventis debulebas. gana es CvenTvis savaldebuloa? moqalaqeno! is,
rac moxda 100 wlis winad, SeuZlebelia, rom brmad dRes Cven miviRoT.
dRes Cven sxva cxovrebas ganvicdiT, Cveni konstitucia nakarnaxevia
Cvenive mdgomareobiT. safrangeTSi burJuaziul elementebs hqondaT
Zala da burJuaziuli elementebi qmnidnen kanonebs. CvenSi ki sul
sxva ganwyobilebaa, kanons qmnis aq burJuazia da ara demokratia da
swored am demokratias Seefereba SemoiRos kanoni damcveli adamian
is ZiriTadi uflebisa, sityvis Tavisuflebisa. amitom fraza _ „Tavis
movaleobis asrulebis dros“ _ amoRebuli unda iqnas.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba maSasadame aseTi gaxlavT. (kiTxulobs)...
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. (momxsenebeli) weRan mogaxseneT, da exlac vimeo
reb, rom winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
arsebiTaT unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi imis gamo, rac warmosTqva
krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma. is ambobs, rom Cven exla ara demokrati
ul wyobilebas, aramed gansakuTrebul wyobilebas vawyobT, da war
suli 100 wlis istoria, kultura, gamocdileba ar gamogvadgebao. me
ki mgonia, rom 100 wlis gamocdilebiT Tu visargeblebT, es Zalian ga
mosadegi iqneba CvenTvis, da gansakuTrebiT im wevrebisaTvis, romel
Tac undaT axali ram Sehqnan, maT unda isargeblon da ara wixli hkran
am 100 wlis kulturas, gamocdilebas da namuSevars. Tu fiqrobT, rom
es Cven ar gvinda, es niSnavs, rom politikuri momzadeba da simwife
gvaklia. es unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi. meore mxriv isic aRsaniS
navia, rom es ar Seefereba istoriis tendencias. Tu gnebavT am isto
riis gakveTilebiT odnav mainc isargebloT, maSin Cven SevxedoT im
qveynebs, sadac marTla namdvili demokratiuli wyobileba myardeba,
da cxovrebaSi fexs ikidebs. Cven vnaxavT demokratiul konstitucias,
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sadac iseTi garantiebi ar arsebobs. magaliTad, Sveicariis zogierT
kantonSi, TviT konfederaciis ZiriTad konstituciaSic imunitetis
Sesaxeb krintic ar aris daZruli, magram es imitom, rom aq arc ki aris
saWiro kanomdebelis gamoyofa am mxriv danarCen moqalaqeTagan. is
uimisoTac moaxerxebs Tavis movaleobis Sesrulebas, da Tu CvenSic
Seiqmna ukeTesi weswyobileba, namdvili demokratiuli weswyobile
ba, maSin es dekretic unda gauqmdes, radgan normaluri, sazogado
pirobebic sakmarisi iqneba kanonmdeblisaTvisac. ai es aris, Tu gne
bavT, idea ganviTarebisa, win msvlelobisa, da ara iseTi imuniteti,
romelic yovel imunitetze ufro magari unda gaxadon. me vambob,
sadac ari ufro Rrma Segneba demokratiuli movaleobisa, meti gan
viTareba da sadac ufro ukeTesi normalur pirobebSia Cayenebuli
demokratia, _ iq imuniteti yvelaze nakleb aris saWiro, vinaidan
gansxvaveba moqalaqisa da kanonmdeblis Soris konstituciis garan
tiis mxriv Semcirebulia. Tu amas ver gavigebT, da mainc vityviT, rom
moqalaqis ufleba aris, rom deputatma ajanyebebze yvelgan ilapa
rakoso, es ar warmoadgens araviTar konstitucionalur wesebis
SemuSavebas, da arc damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebis dacvas.
aris kidev erTi kiTxva. SeiZleba Tu ara sityvieraT deliqtis,
anu danaSaulobis Cadena.
verc erTi iuristi ver ityvis, sityvieraT ar SeiZleba danaSau
lobis Cadena, _ es me ver warmomidgenia, arc konstitucionalur, arc
demokratiul arc socialistur wyobilebaSi. me ver warmomidgenia
iseTi socialisturi wyobileba, sadac sruliad Tavisuflad SeiZle
bodes lanZRva. me mgonia, rom piriqiT, socialistur wyobilebaSi met
danaSaulaT iqneba igi CaTvlili, vidre dRes aris, radgan maSin meti
pativiscema iqneba pirovnebisa da adamianisadmi. Cven ki aq gveubnebi
an, radgan cxovreba viTardeba, Cvenc sityvas unda mivceT sruli Ta
visufleba, ese igi, rac ginda, is Caidine sityviTo. me ki mgonia, rom
sityvis Tavisufleba usazRvro ar aris, me mesmis, roca sityvier Tav
isuflebaze amboben _ administratiuli TviTneboba ar iyoso; magram
rom sasamarTlos kanonma, mTel xalxis nebis gamomxatvelma sityvis
saSualebiT ar miiRos zoma kerZo piris, an sazogado interesebis
darRvevis winaaRmdeg, _ amas veravin ver ityvis. da raki Cven im prin
cips davadgebiT, rom sityvieraT SeiZleba darRveva wesis, kanonis,
samarTlis, TviT xalxis interesebis, _ cxadia, maSasadame, Cven ver
vityviT, rom sityva iyos sruliad Tavisufali, upasuxismgeblo. am
muxlSi aRiarebulia ara Tavisufleba sityvis, aramed upasuxismge
blobis. es daiviwya krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma.
meore muxlSi Tavisuflebaze ki ar aris laparaki, aramed sityvis
upasuxismgeblobaze, vinaidan aq sweria: „ar SeiZleba pasuxisgebaSi
micema da sx.“ maSasadame ar SeiZleba deliqtad gamocxadeba naTq
vamisa. amnairad, es aris imuniteti da garCeva sityvebis, romelic
warmoTqmula damfuZnebel krebaSi, imisgan, romelic warmoTqmu
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la damfuZnebel krebis gareSe. magram amasTanave aq gvaqvs garantia
prezidiumis saxiT, romelsac micemuli aqvs reglamenti da Tu vinme
wesierebas gadaacilebs, SeuZlia SeaCeros. maSasadame, mis gareSe ki
mas SeaCerebs kanoni, romelSiac mkafiod aris naTqvami, rom „aseTi da
aseTi sityvis warmoTqma aris danaSauli“ da amisTvis aris sasjeli
dadebuli.
magram roca damfuZnebel krebis wevri ilaparakebs krebis ga
reSe, cxadia, imas ver daiWeren, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes, aramed
mxolod damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT, _ e. i. im wesebis mixedviT, ro
melic qveiT aris CamoTvlili.
am rigaT, Tu romelime damfuZnebel krebis wevri ajanyebisken
uwodebs xalxs gareT, Cven am mowodebisTvis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrsac daviWerT. bolSeviki iqneba is, Tu menSeviki, memarjvene Tu
memarcxene, _ yvela isini kanonis winaSe Tanaswori arian. Cven ar gvin
da, rom moqalaqem, Tundac krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma mouwodos
ajanyebisTvis da es ar CaiTvalos deliqtaT. ajanyebisadmi mowode
ba danaSaulia, iqneba es mowodeba warmoTqmuli social-demokrati
sagan, bolSevikisagan, eserisagan, memarcxene, an memarjvenesagan Tu
sxvisgan, es sul erTia kanonisTvis. Tu Cven davicavT erTgvar garan
tias deputatisTvis, garantias procesialurs, saxeldobr imas, rom
igi ver misces miliciam samarTalSi, Tu Cven ar dagvekiTxa da das
turi ar miiRo, _ es sruliad sakmarisia rom daicvas misi muSaobis
interesebi sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi. zedmet uflebas ki Cven
veravis mivaniWebT.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. Sesworeba aseTi gaxlavs.
(kiTxulobs). amoRebul iqnes sityvebi: „Tvisi movaleobis asrulebis
dros“.
vin aris momxre Sesworebisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba
uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre meore muxlisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? meore mux
li miRebulia. gTxovT mesame muxli waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am muxlisa. muxli miRebuli gax
lavT. Semdegi waikiTxeT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-4 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) me-4 muxlis ZaliT, damfuZnebel krebis wev
ris gaCxreka SeiZleba sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT. Semdeg naTqvamia.
„anda damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT“. ase rom, damfuZnebel krebas Tu
ar mimarTa sasamarTlom, mas SeuZlian daadginos da gaCxrikos dam
fuZnebel krebis wevri.
social-demokratiuli fraqcia fiqrobs, rom aseTi ufleba ar
unda hqondes sasamarTlos. man kidevac rom daadginos gaCxreka, unda
325
hqondes damfuZnebel krebis nebarTvac dadgenilebis sisruleSi mo
sayvanad.
amitom social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva _ kav
Siri, anda Seicvalos meore kavSiriT da. ise rom es muxli miRebuli
iyos Semdegi saxiT. (kiTxulobs) _ damfuZnebel krebis wevris bina Sei
Zleba gaCxrekil iqnes mxolod saTanado sasamarTlos organos dadge
nilebiT da damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT.
Tavmjdomare. me-4 muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.) Cveni winadadeba aris am muxlSi amoiSa
los erTi sityva: organo.
aq naTqvami aris. (kiTxulobs).
4. damfuZnebeli krebis bina SeiZleba gaCxrekil iqnes mxolod sa
Tanado sasamarTlos organos dadgenilebiT, an da damfuZnebeli kre
bis nebarTviT.
Cveni winadadeba aris amoiSalos sityva organo, amisTvis rom,
SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva _ ra aris sasamarTlos organo. (gvazava: sa
samarTlo!) aq sweria: sasamarTlos saTanado organo; SeiZleba es ise
gaigoT: gamomZiebeli, bralmdebeli da sxva. Cven amis uflebas ver mi
vcemT verc gamomZiebels, verc bralmdebels, da verc imas, vinc mis
Tanamdebobas asrulebs, Tundac rom mivideT ministris TanaSemwis
uflebamdis. Cven vaZlevT uflebas saTanado sasamarTlos.
sasamarTlo gaarCevs saqmes, is kolegiuri dawesebuleba aris,
Caukvirdeba saqmes, da am SemTxvevaSi, yovel mxriv aris garantia.
warmoidgineT rom gamomZiebeli da bralmdebeli bevrjel xelmZR
vaneloben sxva mosazrebiT. calmxrivi, vsTqvaT, mimarTuleba iCens
xolme Tavs. xandisxan uneblieT gamodis, rom es aris TviTneboba. amis
damixedviT Cven ver mivandobT amisTana saqmes. Cven amisTana princips
ver gaviziarebT Tu marTla xelSeuxebeli aris damfuZnebel krebis
wevri, maSin imisTana organos unda mivandoT mis binis gaCxreka, ro
melic uzrunvelyofs am SemTxvevaSi pirovnebas, da miT umetes dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs. amisdamixedviT, me mgonia, Cemi azri naTelia,
rom es „organo“ usaTuod amoSlili unda iyos, da darCes maSasadame:
saTanado sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb? aravis.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
r. arseniZe. (momxsenebeli). am SemTxvevaSi unda daveTanxmo b. ba
raTaSvils.
sityva organos amoSla SeiZleba. me mgonia amiT ZiriTadi azri,
romelic miiRo kanonma Secvlili ar iqneba.
rac Seexeba im winadadebas, romelic Semoitana social-demokra
tiulma fraqciam, is arsebiTaT scvlis im wess, romelic miRebulia
dekretSi. sazogadod aseTi wesi binis gaCxrekisa arc erT konsti
tuciaSi ar aris. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri am mxriv iseTsave md
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gomareobaSia, rogorc yvela moqalaqe. magram iq moqalaqis gaCxreka
SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT. ise rom, es garantia
uzrunvelyofs deputats da moqalaqesac. magram radgan Cven jer
aseTi muxli konstituciisa ar SegvimuSavebia, _ xolo revoliucio
nur mdgomareobis gamo administratiulad SevexoT kerZo adamianis
binas, Cven saWirod davinaxeT, rom es normalur konstitucionalu
ri wesi Semogvetana, rogorc deputatis imuniteti, droebiT rasak
virvelia. Tu Cven im princips davadgebiT, romelsac komisia adgia, _
ese igi „rom damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gaCxreka SeiZleba mxolod
sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT“, _ es sruliad sakmarisia. xolo Tu dam
fuZnebeli krebis nebarTviT SeiZleba sasamarTloSi micema da dapa
timreba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisa, _ miT umetes SeiZleba mis bi
nis gaCxreka.
amitom es redaqcia, romelic komisiam warmoadgina, savsebiT ga
moxatavs im azrs, romelic hqonda komisias am muxlis SemuSavebis
dros.
Sesworeba social-demokratiul fraqciisa ramodenimeT scvlis
am debulebas. is Txoulobs orgvar garantias _ erTi sasamarTlosas,
meores damfuZnebeli krebisas prezidiumis dasturis saxiT. marTa
lia, sjobia damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumis dasturi, vinem TviT
damfuZnebeli krebisa, radgan pirveli SeiZleba moxdes ufro swra
fad, saidumlod da mizansac miaxwios, magram radgan komisiisagan es
azri ar aris miRebuli, me, rogorc komisiis warmomadgeneli, mas mx
ars ver dauWer.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri pirvel Sesworebas. vin aris momxre, rom
kavSiri anda Seicvalos kavSiriT da? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Seswore
ba miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT me-5-Te muxli.
Sesworeba meore: amoiSalos sityva organo, vin aris momxre? gTx
ovT aswioT xeli. vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waikiTxoT me-5-Te muxli.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT SeniSvna.
arseniZe. (kiTxulobs SeniSvnas.)
Tavmjdomare. me-5-Te muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s. d.) me-5-Te muxlSi aris naTqvami SeniSvniT (kiT
xulobs).
5. damfuZnebel krebis wevris dapatimreba da samarTalSi micema
SeiZleba mxolod damfuZebel krebis dadgenilebiT.
SeniSvna: ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis Cadenis
dros moaswres _ SeiZleba igi dapatimrebul iqnes, rac dauyovnebliv
unda ecnobos krebas.
xSirad SeiZleba danaSauli umniSvnelo iyos. amitom social-
demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva sityva „danaSauls“ mie
matos mZime. es Sesworeba aris social-demokratiis fraqciis wina
dadebiT Semotanili.
327
Tavmjdomare. amave muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel
krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) me-5-Te muxlis SeniSvnis miReba, rogorc aq
aris, yovlad SeuZlebelia, magram Cven, rom CaumatoT mZime, me mgonia
es ver gamoakeTebs saqmes. imitom, rom Tu ki Cven vcnobT saWirod, zo
gierT SemTxvevaSi, swored danaSaulis Cadenis dros dapatimrebuli
iyos vinme, Cven swored unda ganvacxadoT _ unda CamovTvaloT. ra da
naSaulobisTvis SeiZleba iyos dapatimrebuli. radganac es ar aris
moyvanili, radgan sakonstitucio komisiam ver moaxerxa amis moyva
na, amitom sruliad amoSlili unda iyos dRes me-5-e muxlis SeniSvna.
me-5-Te muxli uSeniSvno unda iyos miRebuli. SeniSvna aseTia. (kiT
xulobs). ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis Cadenis dros
moaswres, SeiZleba igi dapatimrebuli iqnes, rac dauyonebliv unda
ecnobos krebas.
Cven viciT, rom xSirad danaSauls sCadian, magram iseT danaSau
lis Semdegac ki, romelsac sasjelad 20 wlis katorRa mosdevs da Ses
aZlebelia sikvdiliT dasjac, aseT damnaSavesac ki TavdebiT an saw
indariT uSveben cixidan. ase rom, me mgonia, Cven am deputats ar unda
mouspoT saSualeba, rom imuSaos, Tavis movaleoba aasrulos, sanam
dis samarTali Tavis ganaCens ar gamoitans, Tuki samarTalSi mivce
mT. SesaZlebeli aris, rom SemTxveviT romelime deputati daakavon
da samarTalSi miscen. me mgonia danaSaulis Cadenis dros es metad
gaurkveveli mcnebaa. vin iqneba, vin gamoarkvevs imas, idens Tu ara da
naSauls deputati? danaSaulis Cadena... (ar ismis).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT xma maRla ilaparakoT.
ivane gobeCia. SesaZlebelia, rom vinme Tavis Tavs icavs, Tavis
dacvis dros isvris da kidec klavs vismes, maSin iWeren da mas sa
Sualebas uspoben meore dRes gamocxaddes damfuZnebel krebaSi da
Tavisi movaleoba Seasrulos. maSasadame, yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom
es SeniSvna miRebuli iqnes am redaqciiT. ase rom Cven moviTxovT, rom
es SeniSvna gamoSvebuli iyos.
arseniZe: me winaaRmdegi var.
Tavmjdomare. sxva msurveli aravin aris. winadadeba gaxlavT am
nairi. rom mTlaT amoiSalos SeniSvna. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
Tqveni daskvna.
r. arseniZe (momxsenebeli). me orive Sesworebis winaaRmdegi var,
imitom rom iuridiuli mcneba „mZime da mcire“ danaSauli gansaz
Rvruli mcnebaa. mcire danaSaulisTvis Cveulebriv ar iWeren da dam
naSave eqvemdebareba momrigebel mosamarTles. danaSauli aris iseTi
moqmedeba, romelic umetes nawilad eqvemdebareba sisxlis sasamarT
los, saolqo sasamarTlos. mZime danaSauli aris iseTi, romlisTvisac
damnaSaves sastiki sasjeli moelis, iuridiulad es Zala garkveuli
sityvaa, magram am sityvis, „mZimes“, Cawera undaT aq, albad imisTvis,
rom ubralo moqalaqeebmac gaigon, rom Tu magari danaSauli ar Caid
328
ina, ise xeli ar moekideba deputats. amas ufro, ase vsTqvaT, pedago
giuri mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre iuridiuli da me, rogorc iuristi da
komisiis warmomadgeneli, am Sesworebas ver CavTvli aucilebel saW
iroebad damfuZnebel krebisTvis. rac Seexeba am SeniSvnis mTlianad
amoSlas, es iseTive xasiaTis Sesworebaa, rogorc zemoT wamoyenebu
li debuleba, rom sityvebi „Tavis movaleobis dros“, amogveSala.
swored am SeniSvnis saSvalebiT SegviZlian sruliad mouspoT admin
istracias saSualeba Tavisi saqme gaakeTos. vsTqvaT didi boroteba
xdeba da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri monawileobas iRebs masSi, mi
dixar rom daiWiroT, magram is iZaxis, me damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
varo da Tqven rogor SeiZleba rom mkvlels, mag. xeli ver mokidoT
danaSaulobis dros da danaSauloba ver SeaCerebinoT? ese igi es dam
naSave ar daiWiroT? (gvazava: es danaSaulobaa!) yoveli daWera aris
dapatimreba. ar SeiZleba erTi iyos daWera da meore dapatimreba. Tu
daiWerT, sadme xom unda moaTavsoT, waiyvanoT komisariatSi da Caa
jinoT oTaxSi, Tundac erTi saaTiT, sanam misi pirovneba gamoirkve
va. da es iqneba dapatimreba. amitom me vambob, rom aseTi garantiebis
micema niSnavs imas, rom Cven bevrs ara-sasurvel elements mivcemT sa
Sualebas damfuZnebeli krebis saxeliT isargeblos. es erTi.
meore, arc TviT damfuZnebeli krebis RirsebisTvis da arc kanon
mdeblobiTi muSaobisTvis ar aris saWiro aseTi SezRudva adminis
traciisa. adamians miuswres danaSaulis Cadenis dros da saSualeba
ar qondeT is daiWiron, nu Tu es aswevs Cvens Rirsebas? Tu romelime
wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa Caidens danaSauls da amas xels ver ax
leb, es ar aswevs damfuZebel krebis Rirsebas. piriqiT Cven Rirsebas
aswevs is, rom arc erTi Cveni wevri ar aRmoCndes damnaSave. xolo Tu
aRmoCnda damnaSave, danaSauloba Caidina da kidevac moaswres dana
Saulobis Cadenis dros, unda daiWiron. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs
meti moeTxoveba am mxriv, vinem Cveulebriv moqalaqes.
maSasadame ar unda wavarTvaT administratiul aparats saSuale
ba Tavisi moqmedeba ganagrZos da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleoba. es
erTi da meore _ araviTari mizani, araviTari azri Cveni muSaobisa ar
Txoulobs, rom es kaci iyo xelSeuxebeli, Tu ki mas moaswres danaSau
lis Cadenis dros. xolo, rom tyuil-ubralod gavanTavisuflo 130
kaci pasuxismgeblobisagan, me sruliad saWirod ar mimaCnia. amitom me
winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. ori Sesworeba gaxlavT: erTi is, rom Caematos si
tyva „mZime“. jer kenWs uyri pirvel Sesworebas. vin aris momxre am
Sesworebisa? maSasadame miRebulia. vin aris momxre meore Seswore
bisa, romelic amnairia (kiTxulobs): amoiSalos mTlad me-5-e muxlis
SeniSvna. vin aris winaaRmdegi? umravlesoba. maSasadame es Sesworeba
uaryofilia. exla saerTod vuyri kenWs meore muxls. vin aris winaaRm
degi mexuTe muxlisa? vin aris momxre? maSasadame miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT Semdegi.
329
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs meeqvse muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meeqvse muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe (s. d.). social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadade
bas iZleva sityva kanonierad iqnes amoSlili, radganac Tavis Tavad
igulisxmeba, rom aq aris laparaki kanonier dapatimrebaze. rac Seex
eba ukanono dapatimrebas, es Tavis-Tavad igulisxmeba, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. daskvna
momxsenebelisa. gTxovT.
r. arseniZe. me araferi ar maqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom es sityva am
oiSalos, amiT araviTari azri ar Seicvleba. albaT Tu ukanonod aris
dapatimrebuli miT umetes unda ganTavisufldes damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevri. amnairad am sityvis amoSla komisiis azrs da Sexedulobas
ar ewinaaRmdegeba.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom meeqvse muxlidan amoiSalos
sityva „kanonierad.“ miRebulia. Semdegi.
arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) meSvide muxls.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? aravis. vin aris
momxre am muxlisa? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT merve muxli.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs merve muxls.)
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva merve muxlis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuT
vnis kirile niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) es muxli ar aris rogorRac naTeli.
dRemde arsebuli kanonebi icavden moxeleebis uflebas kerZo
pirebisagan. sisxlis samarTlis debulebaSi aris muxli, specialuri,
romelic aRniSnavda sasjels im danaSaulobisTvis, romelsac kerZo
pirebi Caidendnen maSindel saxelmwifo saTaTbiros da saxelmwifo
sabWos wevrebis winaaRmdeg da iq ganmartebaSi naTqvamia, rom isi
ni gaTanasworebulni arian Tanamdebobis pirebTan. Tu ra sasjeliT
daisjeba Tanamdebobis piri, amis Sesaxeb kanonSi ar aris naTqvami. da
es specialuri dekreti sworeT exeba imas, Tu rogor unda iyos dac
uli damfuZnebel krebis wevris pirovneba ara moqalaqeTagan, aramed
umTavresad Tanamdebobis pirTagan. amis Sesaxeb Cven gvaqvs kanoni,
miRebuli parlamentis mier 31 ianvars. ai am kanonSi aris gansazRvru
li, aRniSnuli is sasjeli, romliTac daisjeba TanamdebobiTi piri,
ukeTu is Seuracyofas miayenebs kerZo pirs.
radganac am dekretiT miRebulia mxedvelobaSi gansakuTrebiT
damfuZnebel krebis wevris imunitetis gansazRvra, amitom social-
demokratiuli fraqcia saWirod sTvlis aRniSnos aq sasjeli. da ami
tom Semoaqvs am, axal kanonSi amisTana Sesworeba merve muxlisa. unda
iyos ase (kiTxulobs).
„am dekretis darRvevisaTvis damnaSave daisjeba saqarTvelos
parlamentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis 1, 11 da 12 m.m. ZaliT (ix.
330
kanonTa da mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebuli 1919 w. martis 12-s #5
naw. pirveli) aRniSnuli sasjelis gadidebiT oris xarisxiT.“
raJden arseniZe. (momxsenebeli) am formiT, romliTac aris aq
miRebuli merve muxli. es sasjeli ganisjeba sasjelTa debulebis im
muxlis sekundiT, romelic exeba ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi,
sabWoSi da senatSi arCeul wevrebs. aq aris sasjelad dawesebuli
dapatimreba, cixeSi Casma, Rirsebis ayra, vinaidan iq deputatis xelis
Semxeblis sasjeli gaTanasworebulia moxeleebis SeuracyofisTvis
dadebul sasjelTan. parlamentis mier 31 ianvars miRebul kanonSi me
TerTmete da meTormete muxlSi ki umTavresad aris sasjelad dadebu
li dapatimreba. ase rom Tu am sasjels or xarisxiT gavadidebT mainc
imave sasjels miviRebT, rogorc gansazRvrulia, komisiis mier miRe
bul muxliT. ase, rom sasjelis raodenoba Sedarebis mixedviT ar aRe
mateba komisiis mier ganzraxul sasjels.
amitom me mgonia SesaZlebelia, am Sesworebis miReba. amiT sasjels
ufro konkretiuli xasiaTi eqneba da aRar gamoiwvevs sasamarTloSi
raime gaugebrobas.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame Sesworeba gaxlavT aseTi (kiTxulobs)
„am dekretis darRvevisaTvis damnaSave daisjeba saqarTvelos parla
mentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis 1, 11 da 12 m. m. ZaliT. (ix. kanonTa da
mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebuli 1919 w. martis 12-s #5, dan. pir
veli) aRniSnul sasjelis gadidebiT „oris xarisxiT.“ vin aris momx
re am Sesworebisa? miRebulia. surs vinmes damateba? Tqven damateba
gsurT? (WavWaniZe: diax.)
ivane WavWaniZe. (s. d.) social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadade
bas iZleva, rom am dekretSi iyos Setanili me-9 muxlad Semdegi. (kiT
xulobs) „dekreti ese Sedis ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel kre
bis mier.“
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
r. arseniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am damatebisa? es damateba miRebulia.
exla kenWs uyri mTlad kanonproeqts. vin aris winaaRmdegi am
kanonproeqtisa? vin aris momxre? maSasadame, kanonproeqti miRebu
lia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi. kanonproeqti saxelmwifo xazinis Semosavlis
gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis miRebisa. sityva ekuTvnis onia
Svils.
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kanonproeqti xazinis Semosavlis gasaZliereblad
zogierTi zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb.
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iZleva soflad, rasakvirvelia, advilad warmoidgenT, rom Zveli ga
dasaxadebis datoveba miwaze dRevandel pirobebSi yovlad SeuZle
belia. Tumca kanoniT, 3% miRebuli, magram faqtiurad gamodis 1/100
Semosavlisa. maSasadame saWiro aris sxvanair sistemis SemuSaveba da
Secvla Zveli wesebisa. erTdrouli gadasaxadi Zirian-fesvianad scv
lis Zvel angariSebs da Semosavals miwaze.
am kanon-proeqts sxvaTa Soris, Tan axlavs ramdenime cxrili. aq
aris gaTvaliswinebuli Tu ra Semosavals iZleva dRes miwa. me nebas
mivcem Cem Tavs erTi ori magaliTi mogiyvanoT am cxrilebidan. miwa
am cxrilebis mixedviT dayofili aris ramdenime kategoriad: maRali,
saSualo da dabal xarisxisa. maRali xarisxis sarwyavi miwa iZleva
sul Semosavals _ 8710 maneTs. Tu am Semosavals gamovaklebT xarjebs
TviTeul desetinaze gaweuls _ 1175 m., miviRebT wminda Semosavals _
7535 m. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT zogierT adgilebSi miwis dasven
ebas, maSin es Semosavali Semcirdeba _ 5000 man-dis. (7535x2/3=5.000).
sxva da sxva mazraSi am kanonis ZaliT TviTeul desetina miwaze
dawesebulia erTdrouli gadasaxadi Semosavlis kvalobaze. magal.
Tbilisis mazraSi erTdrouli gadasaxadi sarwyav miwaze _ 1 desetin.
dabal adgilebSi udris 120 man. borCalos mazraSi _ 150 m. TianeTis
mazraSi _ 60 m. da sxva. Semdeg es gadasaxadi unda gamravldes imisda
mixedviT, Tu ravdenia miwa ama Tu soflis sazogadoebaSi, mazraSi
da bolos mTel respublikaSi. amis gamoangariSeba daaxlovebiT Ses
aZlebelia, radganac miwis raodenoba aRniSnulia saadgil-mamulo
wignebSi. am angariSiT erTdroul gadasaxadidan unda Semovides
Cvens xazinaSi 70 milioni maneTi.
rac Seexeba gadasaxadis akrefis wess, unda mogaxsenoT amis Ses
axeb Semdegi: saerTo finansiur mecnierebam icis sxva da sxva wesebi
gadasaxadis akrebisa. idealuri wesi saxelmwifoebriv gadasaxadebis
akrebisa imaSi mdgomareobs, rom saxelmwifo aparati personalu
rad dauaxlovdes moqalaqes. kargad ganviTarebulma da mowyobilma
saxelmwifom unda zedmiwevniT icodes vis ramdeni SeZleba aqvs, rom
imisda mixedviT dabegros TviTeuli moqalaqe. CvenSi aseTi idealu
ri wesebis ganxorcieleba jer-jerobiT SeuZlebelia, radganac Cve
ni saxelmwifo exla idgams fexs. erTdrouli gadasaxadi gaewereba
soflis sazogadoebas da Semdeg igi TiTon anawilebs gadasaxads Ta
vis wevrTa Soris, imisda mixedviT, Tu vis ramdeni SeZleba aqvs. amis
Sesaxeb soflis sazogadoeba adgens oqms, romelsac ganixilavs da
Seasworebs kanonis mxriv, Tu saWirod dainaxavs, saTanado xarkis am
krebi inspeqtori.
erTdroul gadasaxadis asakrebad blankebis miwera yvelas, so
flebSi kacebis gagzavna, xarjis amkreb inspeqtoris wasvla-mosvla,
yvela es rasakvirvelia moiTxovs did xarjebs. am saqmisTvis sabiuje
to komisiam saWirod scno gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifo xazinidan 75.000
maneTi. dasasrul unda mogaxsenoT oriode sityva imis Sesaxeb, rom
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am kanonis miRebiT unda gauqmebul iyos 1919 w. ganmavlobaSi yvela
gadasaxadebi miwaze.
amasTanave uqmdeba sabegro gadasaxadi miwaze, romelic udrida
Semosavlis 15%. erTdrouli gadasaxadi ar vrceldeba tyeebze da
saZovar adgilebze. romelic ukve gadavida saxelmwifos xeli, me min
da kidev Tqveni yuradReba mivaqcio miwebis kanonier Sefasebas, ro
melic saWiro aris baJebis gamosaangariSeblad mamulis gadacemis
dros erTi piridan meoreze.
miwis kanonieri Sefaseba arsebul Zveli kanoniT udris 1.50 k. 1
desetinaze, radganac amiT saxelmwifos didi zarali mosdis, saWiroa
gadiddes miwis kanonieri Sefaseba.
am kanons darTuli aqvs nusxa, romelsac mogaxsenebT kanonis mux
lobriv ganxilvis dros.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Tedo
Rlonts.
Tedo Rlonti (s. f.) es kanon-proeqti soc.-feder. fraqciam Zalian
gvian miiRo, amitom fraqciis safinanso komisias es kanon-proeqti ar
ganuxilavs ise, rogorc moiTxovda interesi am kanon-proeqtisa.
magram fraqciis azriT, am kanonis cxovrebaSi gatarebiT ar Sei
Zleba didi gavlena ar daaCndes rogorc vaWroba-mrewvelobas, ise
soflis meurneobis mdgomareobas. ai am mxriv saWiro aris ramden
ime SeniSvna gaukeTdes am kanon-proeqts. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom um
Tavresi safuZveli Cveni respublikisa aris vaWar-mrewvelobis da
soflis meurneobis ganviTareba.
yovelgvari kanon-proeqti, romelic iyo miRebuli parlamentis
mier da iqneba miRebuli aq da cxovrebaSi gatarebuli, umTavresad
is azri unda hqondes da aqvs, rom ganviTardes mwarmoebeli Zala
Cvens qveyanaSi.
dRemdisin ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da mis Semdegac roca ga
mocxadda damoukidebeli Cveni respublika, amdeni xnis ganmavloba
Si Cven SegviZlia vsTqvaT, rom saqarTvelos vaWroba-mrewvelobis
ganviTareba ver moxerxda, miuxedavad imisa, rom aris mTeli rigi
iseTi proeqtebisa, Tu rogor moxerxdes vaWroba-mrewvelobis ganvi
Tareba. arc erTi es proeqti imdenad ar aris miRebuli da cxovreba
Si gatarebuli, rom gamoiwvios sameurneo kulturuli ganviTareba
Cvens mxareSi. Cven vfiqrobT, rom es kanon-proeqti kidev ramdenimed
xels SeuSlis rogorc qalaqis ise soflis ekonomiurs ganviTare
bas, kulturuls da kidev sxva da sxva dargSi. aq momxsenebelma ufro
dawvrilebiT ar ilaparaka, magram SeiZleba es man moaxerxos sxva
dros, maSin rodesac muxlobriv iqneba ganxiluli kanon-proeqti. Cven
ar SegviZlian ar aRvniSnoT is garemoeba, is mdgomareoba, romelSiac
Caayenebs vaWroba-mrewvelobis klass es kanon-proeqti. Tqven mogex
senebaT savaWro-samrewvelo dawesebulebani arian dabegruli Sem
deg nairad: isini ixdian erT ZiriTad samrewvelo gadasaxads, Semdeg
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damatebiTi samrewvelo gadasaxads da Semdeg gadasaxads sargebel
ze. yvela gadasaxadebi Seadgenen daaxlovebiT maqsimums 90%-s, aris
70%, aris 30% gadasaxadis Semosavlisa, magram iseTi SemTxvevac aris,
rodesac ixdian mogebis 90%. es aRniSnuli aris ganmartebaSi, TviT
kanon-proeqtis ganmartebiT baraTSi. ase rom ukve savaWar-mrewvelo
klasis udidesi nawili ixdis Semosavlis 90%-s xazinis sasargeblod.
aSkaraa erTi, roca aseTi mdgomareoba aris Seqmnili, veraviTar al
Ros ver gauRviZebT mwarmoebelT, rom am pirobebSi am wreebma Seqmnan
rame, rom savaWro-mrewvelobis mdgomareoba gaaumjobeson. ase rom
aseTi mdgomareobis dacva, am mdgomareobis xazgasma da misi ufro ga
dideba sxva da sxva TanxiT, ZiriTad Tanxebze gadasaxadebis gadideba
SeuZlebelia, es kidev ufro xels SeuSlis, rom CvenSi daarsdes, Cven
Si gaCndes sxva da sxva dawesebuleba, romelic gamoiwvevs sawarmoo en
ergiis ganviTarebas. ueWvelia Cemi msmeneli gulisxmobs da fiqrobs:
radganac soc.-federalistebis warmomadgeneli laparakobs, es imas
niSnavs, rom es gadasaxadi iqnes Semcirebuli, raTa am sferoSi alRo
iqnes gaCenili, romlis mixedviT kerZo vaWrebi da mrewvelebi gaaSen
eben fabrikebs, qarxnebs da sxva. ai obieqturi mdgomareoba sasargeb
lo vaWrebisa, sasargeblo mrewvelebisa unda Seqmnan iseTi, rom maT
saSualeba mieceT vaWroba-mrewveloba gaaCaRon.
me minda, vidre loRikur daskvnas gamovitandeT, meore mxares
Sevexo.
Tu ki gadasaxadebis mxriv aris uxerxul mdgomareobaSi vaWroba-
mrewveloba Cayenebuli, Sromis mxriTac aris es vaWroba-mrewvelo
ba uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Cayenebuli. Cven vambobdiT, yovelTvis
vambobdiT, rogorc parlamentSi, ise yovelgan da dResac vambobT:
roca ase uyurebT vaWroba-mrewvelobas, maSin saTanado politika
unda vawarmooT muSaTa sakiTxis sferoSiac. Cven erTgvar uflebebs
vaZlevT muSebs Sromis sferoSi, xelfasis gansazRvris dargSi. raki
aseT uflebebs vaZlevT muSebs da roca ase vaviwrovebT mrewvelebs,
maSin Cven vambobT, rom arc erTi mrewveli ar mova saqarTveloSi.
isini ityvian, raki amtkicebT aseT gadasaxadebs, aseT pirobebSi; Cven
TqvenTan ar vimuSavebT. Tu warmodgenili gaqvT, ro Cven SegviZlia
risime Seqmna mrewvelobis mxriT, Cven es mrewveloba ar SevqmeniT,
vaWroba-mrewveloba iseT mdgomareobaSia CvenSi, rom aravin ar modis
CvenSi da arc erT dargs mrewvelobisas ar anviTarebs. Cven vambobT;
ar unda iyos iseTi mdgomareoba, iseTi obeqtiuri pirobebi, romlis
mixedviT Cven ar SegviZlia winsvla. Cven vambobT: „saxelmwifos Zala
gadasaxadebSi ki ar aris, saxelmwfos Zala ekonomiur kulturul gan
vTarebaSia“. raki imisi momxreni varT, rom mrewveloba ganviTardes
amisTvis saxelmwifos xelSi ueWvelad unda gadavides mrewveloba,
Cven vambobT, rom Tu gindaT am mrewvelobis ganviTareba, saxelm
wifo socialistur politikur gzas unda daadges am muSaTa inter
esebis dasacavad, misi mdgomareobis gasaumjobesablad, _ es SeiZle
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ba mxolod maSin, rodesac aris ara kaptalizmis alRo umTavresad
prevaliuri xasiaTisa Cvens mrewvelobaSi, aramed rodesac TviTon
saxelmwifo, an saxelmwifos dawesebuleba, an sazogadoebrivi dawe
sebuleba, an erobebi hqvian am vaWroba-mrewvelobas, rodesac saxelm
wifo qmnis mrewvelobas, maSin SeiZleba moxdes SeTanxmeba muSaTa md
gomareobis da saxelmwifo mdgomareobis Soris. Torem, rodesac Cven
vtovebT vaWroba-mrewvelobaSi aseT princips, romelsac adgia dRes
Cveni mTavroba, SeuZlebelia ganvaviTaroT kapitalisturi mrewve
loba. muSaTa kanonmdebloba da gadasaxadebis sistema ewinaaRmdgege
ba kapitalistur meurneobas. aq an erTi unda miviRoT, an meore. Cven
ver uarvyofT socialistur politikas muSaTa sakiTxSi, amitom am
politikis dacva SegviZlia mxolod saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoe
briv meurneobis dros, rodesac mTavroba spekuliatiur sagnebiT ki
ar iqneba gamsWvaluli, aramed sazogadoT ekonomiuri cxovrebis aR
dgeniT da kulturiT.
es gadasaxadebic mimarTulia isedac Caklul mrewvelobis Casa
RrCobad, amitom socialist-federalistTa fraqcia am gadasaxadis,
Tu is gadaiqceva gadasaxadebis sistemad _ winaaRmdegia. am gadasaxa
debis, rogorc erTdroul gadasaxadisa, miReba SeiZleba; vimeoreb,
rogorc erTdroul gadasaxadisa, magram Cven viciT, yvelgan aris
precendenti, erTdrouli gadasaxadi xdeba xolme mudmiv gadasaxa
daT. maSasadame es ufro maSinebs. maSin rodesac soflis meurneobaSi
gansakuTrebiT miwis gadasaxadze Semodis axali saxelmwifoebrivi
gadasaxadebi, SeiZleba ese iTqvas, rom es erTdrouli gadasaxadi ga
daiqces safuZvlad samudamo gadasaxadis sistemisa.
Cven vambobT, rom am sistemis, am xasiaTis gadasaxadebi ar darCes,
Cven xazs usvamT imitom, rom viciT, rom es aris erTdrouli gadasaxa
di, magram ra ki precedenti aris Zalian mravali, rom erTdrouli
gadasaxadi xdeboda xSirad ara erTdroul gadasaxadaT, Tu es ese
moxda, rom es erTdrouli gadasaxadi gadaiqceva mudmiv gadasaxadaT,
es mospobs yovelgvar kulturas. exla me minda Sevexo sakiTxis meore
mTavar mxareebs, mogaxsenebT oriode azri vaWar-mrewvelobis mdgo
mareobis Sesaxeb. exla ganvixiloT mdgomareoba soflad. Cven vxedavT
Zalian sayuradRebo movlenas. Cven viciT, rom sameurneo terito
ria gafarTovda, Cveni saxelmwifo mets iRebs miwidan exla, vidre
es iyo 1916-1917, an da 1912 wels. aSkaraa maSin, rodesac TvalsaCi
no araferi gakeTebula vaWar-mrewvelebis mxriT, sofelSi ki raRac
keTdeba. rasakvirvelia SeiZleba xomerikma ifiqros, es imitom xde
ba, rom Cven reformebi gavatareT. rasakvirvelia xomeriki scdeba da
Secdebian isini, vinc ese fiqroben. es xdeba imitom rom aq momqmedi
Zala aris wminda ekonomiuri motivebis, da ara is reforma romel
ic aris gatarebuli, da romelsac Cvens sofelSi arev darevis meti
araferi moutania. radganac vaWar-mrewvelebi xedaven, rom qalaqSi
ar SeiZleba araviTar seriozul saqmeebis warmoeba, maSin kapital
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isturi klasi, sxva elementic, inteligenciac, romelsac mcireodeni
Tanxa gaaCnia ueWvelad srulad midis, fiqroben rogorme daimuSavon
zedmeti qceva miwisa, Tavisuflad imitom rom, Tavisufalia gadasaxa
debisagan, aReb micema ar aris dabegrili, kapitalistis mdgomare
obis Seqmna sofelSi qmnis im obeqtiur mdgomareobas, rom soflad
meti miwa damuSavdes, es aris umTavresi safuZveli rom kapitali iq
midis da amuSavebs ese Tu ise. me vici bevri magaliTi, vicnob bevr mu
Sas, romelic iq msaxurobs, da im dros roca aq msaxuroben soflad
gzavnian ojaxs, da Tavis patara TanxiT raRacas akeTeben, imitom rom
gacilebiT met Semosavals iZleva soflis meurneoba. ra aris es? Ce
mis azriT aseTi mdgomareobidan erTad erTi axsna imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom ar Seiqmnas soflaT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogoric am qalaqSi, rom
ar SevaSinoT gadasaxadebis mxriv xalxi da maTSi sxva alRo ar daiba
dos. es xelsayreli mdgomareoba romelSiac aris Cayenebuli sofeli
gadasaxadebis mxriv ar unda davarRvioT. ganviTareba meurneobisa
erTad erTi wyaro aris romelic acocxlebs Cven respublikas. wasul
wels Cven Semosavali ar gvqonda kargi, imitom rom iyo mTeli rigi
simSilis wlebisa. mxolod 1918 miwis mosavalma Seavso, is rac aklda
Cvens damSeul wlebs, wels Tu miviReT Cven kargi mosavali, mxolod
es mosavali mogvcemes iseT saxsars, iseT suraTs, romelic bazarze
gamoitans saqonels. amitomaa spekuliacias sofelSi adgili ar aqvs,
xalxi inaxavs Tavis sakuWnaoSi raime „zapass,“ xolo bazarze, roca
ufro xelsayreli mdgomareoba iqneba da mosavali mova, maSin gamoi
tanos bazarze. magram aseTi xelsayreli mdgomareoba, romelic ar
sebobda winad, ueWvelia moispoba, Tu aseT gadasaxadebs daudevT sa
fuZvlad Cveni ekonomiur politikas.
aq aris nusxa, Tu rogor Semosavals iZleva miwa, aq naangariSe
vi aris, rom TiTeuli desetina miwa tfilisis guberniaSi iZleva
120 fuT xorbals, quTaisis guberniaSi kidev ufro mets, imave dros
erTi fuTi simindi dafasebuli aris 120 man. me ar vici ramdenad es
Seefereba sinamdviles, amis Sesaxeb arafers ar vambob. unda vsTqvaT,
rom miwis Semosavali desetinaze udris saSualod 3000 maneTs. me ga
movdivar Semdeg debulebidan: Tu ki Cveni norma Seadgens 7 des., ro
gorc es mTavrobas surda, Tu ki Cven miviRebT am debulebas da normas
7 desetinas, mis Semosavals, davinaxavT, rom saSualod miwa miscems
meurnes 15.000 man. am 15.000 maneTidan saSualo SeZlebis glexma 3%
mixedviT unda gadaixados 490 man., magram Tu ki avwevT kidev, es iqne
ba 750 man. 5% mixedviT, rogorc es iyo aRniSnuli momxseneblis mier.
maSasadame saSualo glexi, romelic moaxerxebs da daimuSavebs 5 de
setinas, maSin unda gamovarTvaT 750 man. ra aris es 750 man. araferi ar
aris, es advili ariso, magram me ase ar uyureb. Cven unda SevxedoT ara
ricxvs am maneTebisas, aramed am maneTis Rirebulobas. ubedureba Cve
ni imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am maneTs is mniSvneloba ara aqvs, romelsac
es TviTon cifrebi gamoxataven. am 750 man. gadaxda mZime aris maSin
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ac, rodesac glexs aqvs Semosavali 45.000 maneTi. imitom, rom am fu
liT SeuZlian iyidos glexs 50 fuTi gamomcxvari puri, Zafi SeuZlian
iyidos tfilisSi 50 maneTis. maSasadame unda uyuroT am maneTs ara
maneTis TvalsazrisiT, aramed am fuTebis yidvis TvalsazrisiT. Tu ki
SevxedavT am yidvis TvalsazrisiT, unda vsTqvaT, rom gadasaxadi 750
man. mZime aris, imitom vambob, rom es gadasaxadi ueWvelia gamoiwvevs
erTgvar gaugebrobas da ukmayofilebas soflad. Cven geubnebodiT,
rodesac miwas yiddiT, miwas ar iyidiano, exla vxedavT, miwebis gayid
va daiwyo, magram miwas xalxi ar yidulobs. ra mosazrebiT, es sul er
Tia, magram gasayid miwebs ar yiduloben. es gadasaxadebi sxva damok
idebulebas gamoamJRavnebs saxelmwifos da Cven Soris. amitom vambob,
rom es safuZveli Cven pirobebSi Seqmnis alRos, romelic kapitals
gandevnis soflidan.
ai amitom Cven vemxrobiT am kanonproeqts mxolod erTi mosazre
biT, saxelmwifos ukidures gasaWiris gamo da im mosazrebiT, rom es
aris erTdrouli gadasaxadi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gadai
qces rogorc mudmivi sistema gadasaxadebisa.
amasTanave Tan darTuli aqvs faruli gadasaxadi, amazed arafers
vilaparakeb, imitom, rom gadasaxadebiT saxelmwifo ver mogvardeba.
saWiroa farTo socialuri politika soflis meurneobaSi da qalaqis
meurneobaSic. saxelmwifom TviTon unda aiRos ekonomiuri cxovre
bis saWe da moagvaros rogorc saWiro aris. es gamoiwvevs ekonomiuri
cxovrebis ganviTarebas, rac finansiurad gaajansaRebs saxelmwifos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis finansTa ministrs.
finansTa ministri kandelaki. batonebo, is gadasaxadi, romelic
Tqven exla unda ganixiloT, erTad erTi didi gadasaxadia, romelic
Tqven warmogidgaT gansaxilvelad. Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi im fi
nansiur mdgomareobas, romelsac Cven ganvicdiT exla, saxelmwifos
aRmaSeneblobis dros, Tavis Tavad igulisxmebT, rom marTlac saWiro
aris ara Cveulebrivi zomebi, ara Cveulebrivi gadasaxadebi. magram
me mainc unda aRviaro, rom is araCveulebrioba warmodgenil ga
dasaxadebis, romelic aq xazgasmiT aRniSnes da romlis Sesaxeb isic
ki sTqves, rom igi ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevso, Zlier gadametebu
li aris; da amas Tqven naTlad dainaxavT, rodesac gaecnobiT im ci
frebs, romelic Seexeba am gadasaxadebs, roca analizs gaukeTebT da
SeadarebT im cifrebs ara qaRaldis fuls, aramed puris, saqonlis,
Rirebulobas, romelSiac unda gamoixatos bolos da bolos yoveli
fuli da yoveli gadasaxadi.
marTalia, Tu Cven winandel gadasaxadebs aviRebT, jami warmod
genili gadasaxadebisa Zalian didi aris; ase, miwaze gadasaxads winad
Semosavali mohqonda daaxlovebiT erT milionamde, dRes ki aq gamo
angariSebuli aris, rom gadasaxadi miwaze unda avides saerTo jamiT
samocdaaT milionamde. marTalia, es didi cifria, magram upirveles
yovlisa Tqven unda miiRoT mxedvelobaSi is wesi, romelic dadge
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nili iyo winad miwaze gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb. amas garda, rac Tavis
Tavad igulisxmeba, Tu saxelmwifom gadasaxadebiT unda dafaros Ta
visi xarjebi, aucileblad saWiro aris Cven angariSi gauwioT TviT
socialur Semadgenlobas saxelmwifosas: miwad-mflobelobis qvey
anaSi, uaRresad rasac Cveni samSoblo warmoadgens, ar SeiZleba ga
dasaxadebis sistema aSendes vaWroba-mrewvelobaze.
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom winandeli kanonmdebloba, ro
melic dRemdis darCa safuZvlad miwaze gadasaxadisa, msxvil mi
waT-mflobelTa xelSi iyo, xolo mwarmoebelni, rasakvirvelia, iseT
kanons ar gaatarebden, rom maT miwadmflobelobas, maT Semosavals
bevri gadasaxadi dadeboda. am b-n momxsenebeloma ukve aRniSna, miwis
Semosavali winaT gamoangariSebuli iyo erT maneTidan ToTxmet man
eTamde desetinaze da am Semcirebul Semosavlidan oTx naxevar pro
cents iRebden. Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, rom es sistema dRes miuRe
belia, miuRebelia miT ufro, rom Rirebuloba maneTisa Zalian daeca.
Tu Cven gadavitanT im gadasaxadebs, romelic aq aris dasaxelebuli,
swored purze, sworeT sanovageze, Tqven dainaxavT, rom desetinaze
gadasaxadi aRwevs erT fuTs an yovel SemTxvevaSi fuT naxevars purs.
aq aRniSnuli iyo, rom vaWar-mrewvelobasac Zalian didi gadasaxa
di daadeviT, ris gamo ueWvelad mrewveloba ar ganviTardeba Cven
Sio, gansakuTrebiT Tu mxedvelobaSi miviReT, rom muSaTa klasi did
moTxovnilebas adgens xolme, romelsac Tqven mxars uWerTo. upirve
les yovlisa, unda mogaxsenoT, rom aq albaT SecdomiT iyo aRniSnuli,
TiTqos ganmartebiTi baraTSic ki naTqvamia, rom vaWroba-mrewvelobas
ukve vaxdevinebT 90 proc. Semosavlisas. es ar aris marTali. gadasaxa
di vaWar-mrewvelobaze sazogadoT aris: egreT wodebuli ZiriTadi
sarewavo gadasaxadi, damatebiTi sarewavo gadasaxadi, Semosavlis
kvalobaze da gadasaxadi zedmet mogebaze. es ukanaskneli SemoRebu
li iyo omis dros, egred wodebuli gadasaxadi „сверх-прибыль“-ze. ai
mxolod es „сверх-прибыль“-i, es zedmeti mogeba, mogeba ara Cveule
brivi aris dabegrili. zogjer 80 proc. modis, xolo saSualo moge
baze, Cveulebriv dros mogebaze ki gacilebiT naklebi gadasaxadebia;
marTalia Cven es gadasaxadebi axla gavadideT, magram maSin, rodesac
Cven Semosavlis yovel dargze vadidebT gadasaxads, gana SegviZlian
vaWar-mrewvelobaze ar gavadidoT? marTalia, vaWar-mrewveloba
dRes cotaT Tu bevrad Seviwroebuli aris, magram im farglebSic, ro
melSiac vaWar-mrewveloba dRes swarmoebs, mogeba, Semosavali, mainc
meti aris, vidre winaT iyo, dRes aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens
gadasaxadebis gadideba; Cven vadidebT amas vaWar-mrewvelobazedac,
amas moiTxovs samarTlianoba. gadasaxadi rom rCebodes mudmiv ga
dasaxadaT, mudmiv sistemad gadasaxadebisa, maSin am kanonproeqts
arc saxels daarqmevden „droebiTio“. diax, es aris droebiTi, dRe
vandel pirobebis, ara Cveulebriv pirobebis da ara Cveulebriv xar
jebis mixedviT SemoRebuli gadasaxadi. dRes yoveli moqalaqe, miT
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ufro SeZlebuli moqalaqe valdebulia erTnairi msxverpli gaiRos
saxelmwifos aRsaSeneblad. am mxriv warmodgenil gadasaxadebs didi
gasamarTlebeli sabuTi, didi safuZveli aqvs. dasavleT evropaSi omis
dros iseTi normebi iyo dawesebuli egreT wodebul „сверх-прибыль“-ze
mrewvelobaSi, rom mTeli mogeba mihqonda saxelmwifos.
aq sTqves, miwaze gadasaxadi xels SeuSlis meurneobis ganviTare
bas soflebSi da imas cud pirobebSi Caayenebso, xolo motivirovka
iseTi gaukeTa amas damfuZnebel krebis wevrma Rlontma, romelic Ce
mis azriT, mxolod gaugebrobaze iyo aSenebuli. me ar vfiqrob, rom
sofelSi dRes marTla iseTi pirobebi iyos, rom kapitali aqedan
soflad midiodes meurneobis gasaviTareblad. eg ase rom iyos, rom
marTla dRes soflis meurneobas kapitali etanebodes imisTvis, rom
iq maRali kulturuli meurneoba ganaviTaros, amisTvis rasakvirve
lia xelis Sewyobaa saWiro. magram gana imiT aixsneba dRes kapitalis,
fulis sofelSi wasvla, rom soflis meurneoba ufro maRal safex
urze sdgas da met nawarmoebs iZleva? sruliadac ara. es imiT aix
sneba, rom qalaqis mrewveloba modunda, igi damblaT dacemulia da
eksporti kapitalisa sofelSi xdeba, fuli sofelSi midis, sofelSi
aris dagrovili imitom, rom sofeli ver poulobs saSualebas qalaq
Si raime fabrikatebi SeiZinos da sofelSi waiRos, wesi meurneobisa
ki soflad, samwuxarod, Zveli darCa.
batonebo, angariSi unda gauwioT imas, rom saxelmwifosTvis
aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifo yovel pirobebSi moiTxovs, raTa Se
mosavali faravdes gasavals. maSasadame sofeli, ise rogorc qalaqi,
valdebulia gadasaxadi gaiRos. diax, saWiroa, rom sofelma gaiRos
axla fuli, SeiZleba metic, vinem winaT, radgan dRes swored sofelSia
dagrovili fuli, vinaidgan igi, rogorc vsTqviT, qalaqSi fabrikatebs
veRar poulobs. da ai swored am gadasaxadebis saSualebiT moxerxdeba,
sxvaTa Soris, rom rom es fuli amowuruli iqnes da sargeblianad mox
mardes saxelmwifos. yoveli gadasaxadi iwvevs ukmayofilebas, radgan
igi iZulebiTia da neba-yofaze ar aris aSenebuli. amisTvis aris saWiro
Zlieri saxelmwifoebrivi aparati, erTnairi iZulebiTi Zala, romlis
saSualebiT es gadasaxadebi Segrovdeba. darwmunebuli var, muxlo
briv ganxilvaze roca gadavalT, Tqven dainaxavT, rom gadasaxadebis
nusxa sruliad ar aris gadidebuli; amas sxvaTa Soris mowmobs is gare
moebac, rom es kanonproeqti TiTqmis 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sxva da sxva
komisiaSi muSavdeboda, jer kidev parlamentis komisia iwvevda sxva da
sxva mimarTulebis mcodne pirebs, mere damfuZnebeli krebis komisiac,
magram yovelTvis nusxa TiTqmis Seucvlelad dastoves; imasac vityvi,
rom axla safinanso komisiam SesaZleblad scno nusxa gadasaxadebisa
5%-di aewia, magram me amis winaaRmdegi var da, roca muxlobriv ganxil
vaze gadavalT, SeZleba meqneba maSin gamovsTqva amis Sesaxeb Cemi azri.
batonebo, me vfiqrob, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT obieqtiur
pirobebs, fulis Rirebulobas, saWiroebas, romelsac ganicdis exla
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saxelmwifo, rom gadasaxadebSi marTla samarTlianoba aris daculi,
rom xalxma unda gaiRos saxelmwifosTvis yoveli gadasaxadebi, miT
ufro iseTi gadasaxadebi, romelsac xazina moiTxovs iseT araCveu
lebriv dros, rogoricaa TviT saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobis procesi,
dameTanxmebiT, rom kerZod da sazogadod warmodgenili gadasaxade
bi ar aris didi da kanon-proeqti misaRebia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli ar aris. saerTo msjelo
ba dasrulebulia. momxsenebelis daskvna.
daviT oniaSvili. me iZulebuli var oriode sityva daumato Cems
moxsenebas.
aq wamoayenes debuleba, rom saxelmwifos Zala ekonomiur gan
viTarebaSi ariso. es iseTi aqsiomaa, rom amis winaaRmdeg arc erTi
Segnebuli moqalaqe ar iqneba. saqme imaSia, Tu ra gziT unda ganvi
Tardes saxelmwifos ekonomiuri Zala. me veWvob, rom im gziT, rome
lic wamoayena b. Rlontma, SeiZlebodes saxelmwifos ekonomiuri gan
viTareba. Tumca b. Rlonts sityva „socializacia“ ar uxmaria, magram
aSkaraa, rom mas igi miaCnia Cveni qveynis xsnad. dRes socializaciis
ganxorcieleba CvenSi, rasakvirvelia, yovlad SeuZlebelia. es aris
ubralo utopia. socializmi da socializacia iseTi advili gasa
tarebeli rom iyos cxovrebaSi, me mgonia amas jer ganaxorcielebdnen
iseTi saxelmwifoebi da qveynebi, romelic ekonomiurad da politi
kurad Cvenze ufro momwifebulni arian. istorias ar uyvars naxtome
bis gakeTeba, socializacia samrewvelo dawesebulebis moiTxovs kap
italizmis Zlier ganviTarebas. b-ma Rlontma ris socializacia unda
moaxdinos an ra unda gadasces saxelmwifos, rodesac CvenSi qarxa
na-fabrikebi TiTebze CamoiTvleba?
maSasadame es gza aris ukuRmarTi gza, amis Sesaxeb Cven ramden
jerme gviTqvams parlamentSi, magram miuxedavaT amisa, Cveni mowi
naaRmdegeni mainc ubrundebian mas. kiTxva ubraloda sdgas. saWiroa
Tu ara saxelmwifosTvis gadasaxadis SemoReba? me mgonia yvela moqa
laqe dameTanxmeba, rom Tu saxelmwifos unda Sehqmnas mtkice apara
ti, gadasaxadebis SemoReba misTvis aucilebelia. saxelmwifos awevs
sxva da sxva xarjebi, romlis gaReba saWiroa ama Tu im moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad. marTalia erTdrouli gadasaxadis kanons aqvs
mravali nakli. mTavroba, rasakvirvelia, normalur pirobebSi ar
Semovidoda damfuZnebel krebaSi amisTana kanon-proeqtiT, magram
Cven vcxovrobT ara normalur xanaSi-da samwuxarod es ara Cveule
brivi xana gvikarnaxebs ara Cveulebriv zomebis miRebas, ufro samar
Tliani da mizanSewonili iqneboda, rom oratorebs wamoeyenebinaT
ufro kargi sistema gadasaxadebisa. magram isini ver Seqmnian ukeTes
sistemas dRevandel pirobebSi. imis Tqma, rom sofeli ar mogvcems am
gadasaxads, naadrevia. ar vici b. Rlonti romel sofelzed lapara
kobs, magram me esec gamigonia sofelSi: Tqven ra mTavroba xarT, ga
dasaxadebs ver gvaxdevinebTo!...
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Tavmjdomare. neba miboZeT SegekiTxoT _ gsurT Tu ara gadavideT
muxlobriv ganxilvaze. unda mogaxsenoT cnobad, rom vinaidan jer
deputatebs reglamenti ar aqvT darigebuli, erTi muxli reglamen
tisa savaldebulod miaCnia prezidiums mogaxsenoT, es gaxlavT 48
muxli: (kiTxulobs),
pirvelsa da meore ganxilvis Sua unda gavides ara nakleb Svidi
dRisa. Sesworebani da damatebani, an damatebiTi muxlebi gansaxilve
li kanonproeqtisa unda waredginos damfuZnebeli krebis prezidi
ums ara ugvianes sami dRisa pirveli ganxilvis Semdeg. es damatebani
da Sesworebani prezidiumis gankargulebiT gaegzavneba damfuZnebe
li krebis wevrebs erTi dRiT mainc adre im sxdomamde. rodesac kanon
proeqtis meore ganxilva aris daniSnuli.
prezidiumis saxeliT gTxovT, saxeSi miiRoT da Tu raime Seswore
ba an da damateba gaqvT, droze warmoadgineT.
exla 3 saaTze meti gaxlavT. Tqven gaiziareT prezidiumis dadge
nileba rom 3 saaTze dasrulebuli iyos kreba.
keTil inebeT da brZaneT, rogor gsurT, ganvagrZoT Tu Sevwyvi
toT sxdoma?
vis surs sityva?
me mesmis: „ganvagrZoTo“.
keTil inebeT da brZaneT.
raJden arseniZe. me mgoni ganvagrZoT. miT umetes, rom cota ar
iyos, Cven grZeli vakaciebi gvqonda da erTi zedmeti saaTi rom vi
muSaoT sasargeblo iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri winadadebas. vin aris momxre sxdomis
gagrZelebisa. sxdoma grZeldeba.
Semdegi gaxlavT erovnul dem. fraqciis winadadeba sagareo saqme
Ta komisiis arCevis Sesaxeb, sityva ekuTvnis giorgi gvazavas.
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domos mTeli Tavisi goneba da mTeli Tavis energia, radganac amaze
aris damokidebuli TviT Cveni saxelmwifos arseboba. mivaqcev Tqven
yuradRebas Tu rogor iqcevian sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebi.
Cven am mxriv ara gvaqvs didi tradiciebi, ara gvaqvs gamocdileba,
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi aparati modunebulad muSaobs, miT ufro saW
iro aris Cven amas didi angariSi gauwioT. sxva qveynebi, miuxedavaT
maTi mtkice saxelmwifoebriv organizaciisa, qmnian Tavisebur orga
nos, romelsac avaleben xolme saerTaSoriso saqmis mowesrigebas.
aiReT Tu gind Sveicaria. am saxelmwifos aqvs Taviseburi pirobe
bi. magaliTad neitraliteti Sveicariasi aRiarebuli aris saerTaSo
risod, ise rom sagareo xifaTi imas ar moelis. magram miuxedavaT ami
sa, mainc iq erT pirs ki ar andoben saerTaSoriso saqmeebis warmoebas,
iq aris mTeli federaluri sabWo, romelsac evaleba am kiTxvis war
moeba da es federaluri sabWo eqvemdebareba erovnul sabWos. yvela am
sakiTxis gadawyveta xdeba pirdapir am krebis direqtivebis mixedviT.
amerikaSi aRmasrulebeli Zala Zalian Zlieri aris. miuxedavad
amisa deputatTa palata irCevs yovelTvis sagareo saqmeTa komitets,
senati, romelic aris zeda-palata, isic irCevs gansakuTrebul
komitets da am komitets evaleba Tvalyuris devna sagareo saqmeTa
warmoebisa da mowesrigebisaTvis.
safrangeTSi marTalia prezidents neba aqvs Sehkras politikuri
xelSekruloba, magram yoveli sakiTxi saerTaSoriso xasiaTisa, sad
ac ki saWiro aris raime xarjis gaReba, an iseTi SeTanxmeba, romelic
Seexeba moqalaqeTa uflebas, unda usaTuod moxsendes da dadasture
buli iqmnas parlamentis mier. rac Seexeba teritorialur sakiTxs,
es pirdapir akrZalulia. prezidents am mxriv araviTari ufleba ara
aqvs. teritoriis SemoerTeba, gacvla-gamocvla, an daTmoba konsti
tuciis ZaliT ekuTvnis mxolod parlaments da swydeba mxolod kano
nis ZaliT. maSasadame, yoveli parlamentis wevri monawileobas Rebu
lobs am saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi.
ai am magaliTidan sCans, rom didi saxelmwifoebi gareSe saqmeTa
warmoebaSi marto ministrs ki ar emyarebian; rac unda niWieri iyos
erTi kaci, yovlad SeuZlebelia, marto misi imediT viyoT da marto
mas mivandoT mowesrigeba da mowyoba yvela am sakiTxebisa.
ai dRes aq, TbilisSi konferencia aris. aq arian Tavmoyrili
warmomadgenlebi somxeTisa, azerbeijanisa da CrdiloeT kavkasiisa.
aRZrulia bevri kiTxvebi, romlis mowesrigeba da gadawyveta unda
moxdes. maSasadame damfuZnebel krebas, me mgoni, ara aqvs zneobrivi
ufleba ganze gadges am sakiTxTa gadawyvetaSi. Cven usaTuod unda
monawileoba miviRoT. _ SeiZleba mipasuxoT, rom sul erTia, rac Se
Tanxmeba unda moxdes, es SeTanxmeba unda dabolos mainc Semovides dam
fuZnebel krebaSi da Cveni dasturi unda mivsceT, magram am dastur
is micemas, am ratifikacias ara aqvs didi mniSvneloba. saqme swydeba
maSin, roca molaparakebas awarmoeben da xelSekrulebas sdeben, da
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ara maSin, roca ratifikacia hxdeba. Cven SegviZlian mxolod ar mi
viRoT xelSekruloba, ar mivceT Cveni dasturi. magram gana es saqmis
mowesrigeba iqneba? me mgoni ara, me mgoni es iqneba saqmis gafuWeba,
gafuWeba konferenciaze mixweul SeTanxmebisa. amiT Cveni saerTaSo
riso mdgomareoba ufro aiweweba da ufro gamwvavdeba. maSasadame
saWiroa windawin miviRoT monawileoba molaparakebaSi, TiTon kiTx
vis dayenebaSi, TiTon politikur mimarTulebis SemuSavebaSi. es aris
swored winaswari muSaoba diplomatiuri da politikuri. am mxiriv
damfuZnebeli kreba, Cemis azriT, valdebulia monawileoba miiRos,
Torem Tu SeTanxmeba moxda uvargisi, an SeTanxmeba ar moxda, maSin
pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acdena da gadatana erT kaczed, me mgoni,
yovlad SeuZlebelia. garda amisa, kavkasiis respublikebisTvis bev
ri sxva da sxva sakiTxebi ibadeba. batonebo! aq aris inglisis jari,
Cven gveqneba molaparakeba sxva saxelmwifosTanac, magaliTad safran
geTTan, aucilebeli iqneba daWera Tavisebur ganwyobilebisa ameri
kasTan. erTi sityviT, yovel dRes SeiZleba wamoiWras iseTi sakiTxi,
romliTac SeiZleba moxdes Cveni bedis gadawyveta. rogor SeiZleba,
rom damfuZnebel krebam TiTon ar miiRos daaxlovebuli monawileo
ba amisTana saqmeebis warmoebaSi? ai mokleT Cemi azri. rasakvirve
lia, mTeli krebuli monawileobas ver miiRebs. Cven SeiZleba Sevqm
naT komiteti, rogorc amerikaSi, an komisia, rogorc Cven uwodebT
xolme. iq iqneba warmodgenili yvela fraqcia. maSin damfuZnebeli
kreba mowyvetili ar iqneba am sakiTxebs.
Tavi da Tavi istoriis da momentis moTxovnileba aris saxelmwi
fos Sedgena da saxelmwifos Seqmna. saxelmwifos Seqmna yovlad Seu
Zlebelia, Tu ar aris saerTaSoriso cnoba. maSasadame es swored is
sferoa, romlis mowesrigebas aqvs uaRresi mniSvneloba.
amitom Cveni winadadeba aris avirCioT komisia. Cvenis azriT sak
marisi iqneba 10 wevri, 5 soc. dem. 2 nacion. demok. 2 soc. federaliste
bi da 1 soc. revoliucioneri. aq warmomadgenloba iqneba daaxlovebiT
proporcionaluri. aq komisias unda davavaloT axlo monawileoba
miiRos saerTaSoriso sakiTxebis mowyobaSi da mis mowesrigebaSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs fircxalaiSvils.
ilia fircxalaiSvili. (s. d.) social demokratiuli fraqcia Ta
naxma aris, rom arCeuli iqnes sagareo saqmeTa komisia, da Cveni azriT,
sakmarisia, rom am komisiaSi iqnes arCeuli 8 kaci.
am komisias unda hqondes droebiTi xasiaTi manam, sanam muSaobs kon
ferencia aq. da Semdeg Tu aRmoCnda da davinaxavT, rom es komisia saW
iro aris, maSin sxva winadadeba iqneba, maSin SeiZleba sxva komisia avir
CioT. es komisia unda iyos 8 kacisagan Semdgari. Cven vasaxelebT 5-s.
Tavmjdomare. msurveli sxva aravin aris. winadadeba aris, rom
sagareo komisia iyos arCeuli. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasa
dame miRebulia. pirveli winadadebaa, rom sagareo saqmeTa komisia
10 kacisagan iyos Semdgari. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uaryofilia. meo
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re winadadebaa, rom komisia Sedgebodes 8 kacisagan. vin aris momxre?
miRebulia. Semdegi sia aris warmodgenili:
social-demokratiuli fraqcia sagareo saqmeTa komisiaSi asaxe
lebs: diomide TofuriZes, gerasime maxaraZes, ioseb salayaias da kon
stantine jafariZes.
soc. federalistTa fraqcia simon mdivans.
erovnul demokratiuli fraqcia. giorgi gvazavas.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia. ivane gobeCias.
adasturebT am sias, Tu ara? maSasadame sia dadasturebulia.
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ar icoda visTvis miemarTa. wameba daiwyo 7 aprils da 7 aprilidan
19-mde xangamoSvebiT awamebden xalxs: Sekrebden xalxs kancelariis
ezoSi, Semoartyamden alyas, isroden Tofebs. razmis ufrosi b. ade
iSvili ucxadebs xalxs: me var Tqveni RmerTi, me yvelaferis ufleba
maqvs, SemiZlia davxvrito is, romlis daxvretasac movisurveb, Cemze
ufrosi aravinaa. am dros Seiqneboda Tofebis griali, xalxi daece
moda, SiSiT aqeT-iqiT gaifanteboda, magram alya iyo Semortymuli
da gaqceva SeuZlebeli iyo. Semdeg b. adeiSvili ucxadebs xalxs, rom
TviTeulma sofelma xuT-xuTi kaci amoirCioso. soflebi, rogorc
Cveulebriv aseT SemTxvevebSi, irCeven sapatio moxuc pirebs. am ar
Ceul pirebs eZaxian kancelariis oTaxSi da saTiTaoT scemen. scemen
maTraxiT, scemden Tofis kondaxiT, scemden sanam msxverpli usulo
ar ecema Zirs. (maWavariani: raTa scemden?) _ scemden imitom, rom
yaCaR morCaZis moyvanas moiTxovden. es yaCaRi aris gavardnili mand
ikoris sazogadoebidan. morCaZis dasaWeraT bevrjel misulan mili
cionerebi, magram ver dauWeriaT. xalxi laparakobs, rom iyo iseTi
SemTxveva, rodesac misi daWera ioli iyo, magram milicionerebma
ver daiWires da xalxs iWvi ebadeba, rom milicionerebma ganzrax ar
daiWires is. yofila iseTi SemTxvevac, rom morCaZe avaTmyofi yofi
la saxlSi mwoliare, saxlisaTvis milicionerebs alya SemourtyamT,
magram yaCaRi mainc gaqceviaT.
me ar vambob, rom b. adeiSvili aseTi gansakuTrebuli uflebiT
umaRles mTavrobisgan iyo aRWurvili, magram TviT mainc isakuTreb
da aseT uflebas da Tormeti dRis ganmavlobaSi aseTi teroris qveS
yavda xalxi. me iq gaxldiT, rogorc mogaxseneT, 27 aprils da Cem mis
vlamdis arc erTi warmomadgeneli mTavrobisa ar yofila iq da saqmis
viTareba ar gaugia. Cem Semdeg ki, rogorc gavige, gamomZiebeli mi
sula. Cemis azriT, TqvenTvis sakmarisi iqneba Tu waikiTxavT nawameb
xalxis Cvenebas. me maqvs Cawerili es Cveneba glexis eniT da nebas miv
cem Cems Tavs wavikiTxo zogierTi glexis naambobi. TviT kancelariaSi
iatakze 27 aprils eqcia gamxmari sisxli. xalxi laparakobs. rodesac
zogierTebs ver moerevodnen maTraxis cemiT, gaxdidnen tanze da sce
mden kets. erTisTvis weli gautexiaT ketiT, da veRar dgeba es kaci.
ori kaci momkvdara kidec aseTi cemiT, mesame ki kvdeba, me davkiTxe 55
pirs. cemis garda xalxs waglijes, waarTves auarebeli sanovage. neba
miboZeT wavikiTxo. spiridon xuciberaZe: soflidan moiTxoves ram
denime piri, sofelma amomirCia. Semiyvanes oTaxSi da uwyaloT mcemes.
sisxliT SeRebili gamomiSves. xels awers.
bagrati giorgis-Ze gvetaZe: sofelma amomirCia Sevedi Tu ara
oTaxSi, sanam mkiTxavden rames damiwyes cema, wamaqcies waqceuls wix
lebiT mcemden. pirisaxe maTraxma damixeTqa. xels awers.
ambrosi mixeilis-Ze abaSiZe: Semixmes oTaxSi adeiSvilma da
miqelaZem da mcemes, sanam sacodav Sexedulebas ar warmovadgendi.
xels awers.
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andria meTodes-Ze giorgaZe: Semixmes da gamlaxes, mcemes sanam
ugrZnoblad ar waviqeci. cemisagan dasivebuli maqvs exlac xelebi.
sisxli madines saxidan. wera ar vici.
maqsime nikos-Ze giorgaZe: Semixmo erTma milicionerma, momcvin
den da sari mcemes TavSi. waviqeci mere gamxades tan-fexi da mcemes.
mas aqeT avaT var da muSaoba ar SemiZlia. Zalze nawamebi gamomagdes
gareT.
maqsime sofromis-Ze didbariZe: Semixmes rogorc arCeuli. dami
wyes saxeSi maTraxis cema. miZaxdnen adeiSvili da miqelaZe nikolozi
unda mogagonovo. gasisxlianebuli gamomagdes gareT.
vasili lukas-Ze sirbilaZe: sofels mosTxoves xuTi kaci. maT So
ris mec viyavi. Semixmes miqelaZem da adeiSvilma mcemes. maTraxebiT
saxeSi. sisxliT gasvrili waviqeci. yvirili mindoda. neba ar momces
mklavda revorveliT miqelaZe. nacemi gamomagdes gareT. Tavi exlac
mtkiva. xels awers.
arqipo daviTis-Ze gvetaZe: Semixmes oTaxSi, ara mkiTxes ra, mcemes
milicionerebma da eristo JorJolaZemac. es ukanaskneli ar iyo mi
licioneri. wera ar icis.
eristo JorJolaZe, batonebo, adgilobrivi mcxovrebia. zogi
erTi adgilobrivi aznaurebi SeuerTden adeiSvilis razms da gan
sakuTrebuli cinizmiT dascinoden xalxs, roca scemden. grZnoba da
karguls msxverpls mokidebden zogi fexebSi, zogi xelebSi xels da
gadaisroden. aTi sul aseTi Cveneburi aris. nikoloz arseniZe 68 w.
moxuci aCvenebs, rom andria goqaZe da giorgi goqaZeebi mokvden galax
ulobiT. arc Svili andriasi vasili morCeba isea galaxuli. xsenebul
pirebis sikvdils galaxulobiT sxvebic amowmeben.
batonebo, cema tyepis garda adeiSvilis razmi, rogorc mogaxse
neT xalxs carcvavda. me maqvs wamoRebuli cnobebi mxoloT im nacar
cvisa, romelic mandikoris sazogadoebidan wauRiaT. ai es cnobebi: 3
f. da 20 girvanqa Romi, 3 fuTi lobio, 6 boTli rZe, 44 fuTi da 27 gir
vanqa mWadi, 54 fuTi da 6 girvanqa Rvino, 18 boTli arayi, 83 qaTami,
12 indouri, 6 goWi, 3 fuTi da 10 1/2 girvanqa yveli, 748 kvercxi, 475
kona Cala, 9 fuTi simindi, 2 cxvari. 1 wyvili winda, 20 wyvili wuRa, 21
girvanqa SaSxi, 1 Cabalaxi, kooperatividan gautaniaT 1024 man. da 30
kap. saqoneli. yvela es cnobebi Semowmebulia.
ai ase carcvavden da awamebden xalxs. mTeli suraTis gadaSla saW
iro ar aris. me mgonia, naTqvamiTac warmoidgenT Tu ra ewia okrib
is mxaris glexkacobas. demokratiul wyobilebis dros, rodesac
demokratiaa gabatonebuli, Tavis Tavad cxadia aseT anormalobas
ar unda hqondes adgili. administratiul TviTnebobas, samwuxarod,
didi adgili aqvs exla CvenSi. da unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, rom Cven
demokratiul wyobilebas arc erTi iseTi mteri ar hyavs, rogoricaa es
administratiuli TviTneboba. ekonomiuri krizisi, marTalia, zians
ayenebs Cvens respublikas, magram aq kidev SegviZlia vsTqvaT raRac
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obieqturi Zala aris, rasac bevri ram ar moeTxoveba, magram, rodesac
cocxali pirebi, Cven mier dayenebulni, mivlen xalxTan da xalxs ase
awameben, xalxis martivi fsixologia amas gadaitans TviT meTaureb
ze; is ifiqrebs _ es uwesoba zevidanaa nakarnaxevi, Torem ise rogor
gabedaven adgilobrivi moxeleni aseT TviTnebobaso da asec moxda
okribaSi. me glexebi mekiTxeboden _ gana SesaZloa raime gamovides am
gamoZiebidan, gana adeiSvilze ufrosi kidev aris vinmeo? glexkace
bi ufro gulubryviloni arian SedarebiT qalaqis muSebTan da imaT
sjeraT is, rasac xedven da ismenen. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
mieqces, rom administracia Cadges Sesaferis kalapotSi da TviTnebo
bas ar eqnes adgili. okribis mxareSi es administratiuli TviTneboba
metad uxeS, ulazaTo, meti ar vici ra uwodo, barbarosul formebSi
Camoyalibda. TviTneboba, romelsac aqve adgili aq TbilisSi, rode
sac administratiuli wesiT raRac zogad mosazrebebiT atyveveben
xolme moqalaqes, es ufro, ase vsTqvaT, jentlmenur formebSi yal
ibdeba, magram es SemTxvevac, rogorc TviTneboba, dauSvebeli da
gasakicxia. TviTneboba orive SemTxvevaSi erTsa da igive mizans emsax
ureba: orive SemTxveva mimarTulia Cveni respublikis Sinagani simt
kicis winaaRmdeg. es administratiuli TviTneboba avnebs Cven saerTo
saqmes, demokratiis saqmes da amitom mas bolo unda moeRos. aq metexis
da sagubernio cixeebSi sxedan administratiuli wesiT datyvevebul
ni bevri sapatio pirni da sapatioc rom ar iyvnen da ubralo moqa
laqeni iyvnen, gana dasaSvebia administratiuli wesiT, konkretiul
braldebis wauyeneblad moqalaqis datyveveba?!
me ar vityvi da, vgoneb, arc erTi WkuaSi myofi ar ityvis, rom
pirveli SemTxveva, romelsac hqonda adgili okribaSi, iyos damaxa
siaTebeli Tviseba Sinaur politikisa, meore SemTxveva, administra
tiuli datyveveba, sistemad gamomdinareobs, rac uaryofiTi mxarea
Cveni Sinauri politikisa. Cven am garemoebas xazs usvamT da vambobT,
rom es amxedrebs Cveni respublikis winaaRmdeg yovel Segnebul mo
qalaqes. Cemi sityvis dasasrulSi me vekiTxebi b. Sinagan saqmeTa min
istrs _ icis Tu ara yovelive es man da Tu icis, ra zomebis miRebas
apirebs borot-momqmedTa winaaRmdeg. rogorc mogaxseneT, batonebo,
27 aprils gaxldiT okribaSi da araviTari zomebi ar yofila miRebu
li maT winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi si
mon mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs n. rami
Svils.
348
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gancxadeba.
349
speqtorTan saxeldobr mandikoris sazogadoebis warmomadgenelni,
maT gadauSales Cven moxeles is saSineli awiokebis suraTi, romel
zedac Semdeg mogaxsenebT. amis Sedegi iyo Semdegi: dauyovnebliv
administraciis inspeqtoris TanaSemwem gasca brZaneba, rom es razmi
unda dabrunebuliyo da is marTlac dabrunda mesame dRes. (nucubiZe:
19 aprils). diax, 19 aprils. mxolod pirveli cnoba am saqmis Sesax
eb gazeTSi daibeWda 16 aprils „saxalxo saqmeSi“ (nucubiZe: quTaTur
gazeTSi?) eg ar vici, SeiZleba iq ufro adrec iyo. me piradad amisa
Sesaxeb sxva cnoba ar maqvs. diax, me vambob, maSasadame es cnoba, romel
ic aq gamoqveynda, es cnoba gaigo Tu ara mTavrobis warmomadgenelma,
maSinaTve miiRo zomebi.
rac Seexeba imas Tu ra moxda, aq suraTi Semdegia. me mokled mogax
senebT.
adeiSvils gahyva milicionerTa razmi, magram irkveva, rom am
razms SeuerTdnen ramdenime piri adgilobrivi, egredwodebuli pri
vilegiur wodebisa, rogorc iq iyo naTqvami, _ aznaurebi. (xmauroba,
sicili.) diax! da am razmma marTlac, am SemTxvevaSi gaerTianebulma
razma, mravali borotmoqmedeba Caidina. es gamoixateba Semdegi: jer
kidev maSin, roca isini daniSnul adgilas miemgzavreboden, gzaSi maT
daxoces saqoneli. klavden sxvaTaSoris cxvrebs, Rorebs. mere isic
marTali aris, rom maT daakisres xalxs da warmomadgenlebs, komis
rebs moetanaT gansazRvruli xorageuloba da yvelafer amaSi, am
bobdnen, Tqven valdebuli iqnebiT es TviT xalxs gaaweroo. me aq unda
Semdegi ganvacxado. Tumca marTlac maT iq borotmoqmedeba Caidines,
gza da gza SesZles ramdenime cnobili yaCaRis Sepyroba. sxvaTaSoris,
adeiSvilma daapatimra am dros mkvlelebi axvledianebisa, Zmebis ax
vledianebisa, romelic Cven jarSi gagzavnili iyvnen leCxumis maz
ris dasamSvideblad da ibrZoden iq. maTi mkvlelebi iyvnen lomTaZe,
kaxiZe da lomTaZe. sxvaTaSoris zogierT maTgans brals sdebdnen axv
ledianis ori qalis gaupatiurebaSi. garda amisa, adeiSvilma daapa
timra ramdenime piri, romlebTac brali edebodaT morCaZis Senaxva
Si. magram, rac Seexeba saerTod yofaqcevas gzaSi, miuxedavaT imisa,
rom maT marTlac SesZles ramdenime piris Sepyroba, sxvaTaSoris, maT
Seipyres erTi cnobili monawile-meTauri leCxumis areulobisa qob
ulaZe, magram, roca igi gagzavnili iyo dasatusaReblad, is moklul
iqmna. ra pirobebSi me gadaWriT amis Sesaxeb pasuxs aq ver mogcemT. es
aris sagani gamoZiebisa. TviT adeiSvili da is pirebi, romelic maT
Tan axldnen, isini irwmunebian, TiTqos qobulaZem moindoma gaqceva,
_ qobulaZe aris monawile leCxumis ajanyebisa, _ da ai am dros is mok
les. me vambob, amis Sesaxeb Tavis piruTvnel msjavrs dasdebs TiTon
sasamarTlo. da sanam es saqme ar iqneba gamoZiebuli, amis Sesaxeb me
gadaWriT verafers mogaxsenebT. magram, garda amisa, mTeli maTi yofa
qceva, yovelmxriv miutevebeli aris. me mogaxseneT, rom jer mogzau
robis dros maT Caidines mravali borotmoqmedeba.
350
rodesac mividnen soflad, jer isini gaemgzavrnen meqvenis sazo
gadoebaSi. da ai iq isini aiZulebdnen xalxs, rom gaCerebuliyvnen wvi
maSi gareT. cis qveS. sainteresoa, rom am dros adgilobrivi aznaure
bi balkonebze iyvnen wamomdgarni da gadmoyurebdnen am sanaxavs.
b. adeiSvili da misi Tanamxlebelni sTxovdnen xalxs delegatebs,
da marTlac es delegatebi iyvnen arCeulebi, magram maTi xvedri iyo
cema-tyepa. agreTve, aris garemoeba, romelsac damaxasiaTebeli mniS
vneloba aqvs delegatTa arCevnebisas. xalxs eubnebodnen, Tumca ara
adeiSvili, rogorc es Cven administratiul inspektors gamourkve
via, aramed is pirebi, romelnic gars exvevodnen b. adeiSvils, _ „az
naurebi ar airCioT“-o. TavisTavad cxadia, rom windawin icodnen, rom
arCeul pirebs ar galaxavdnen. da, rasakvirvelia, im brbos, romelic
gars exveoda adeiSvils, yovel SemTxvevaSi undoda, rom aznaurebs
aseTi bedi ascdenodaT. (gvazava: ra SuaSia aznaurebi? kedia: ..... ata
vizmi jer kidev aris.) ukacravaT, me vlaparakob imaze, rac gamoZieb
iTa, damtkicda, romelsac Cven davalebiT, awarmoebda administra
tiuli inspektoris TanaSemwe, TanxmlebiT damfuZnebel krebis ori
wevrisa faRavasi, da ruben yifianisa da leCxumis erobis Tavmjdom
aris aleqsandre miTaiSvilisa (maWavariani: sul aznaurebi yofilan.
sicili. Tavmjdomaris zari).
me unda mogaxsenoT gansakuTrebiT autaneli iyo maTi yofa-qceva
okribis mxareSi, me maqvs aq CamoTvlili, magram me mgonia, saWiro ar
aris wavikiTxoT Tu ramdeni, ra waarTves. es, rasakvirvelia, aris sa
gani gamoZiebisa da Semdeg sasamarTlosi. me SemiZlian CamovTvalo aq,
rogorc b. nucubiZem aq moisurva, magram, saerTod amaze damfuZnebel
krebis wevrebis yuradRebis miqceva saWirod ar mimaCnia. unda mogax
senoT, marTlac garda imisa, rom xalxs CamoarTves didZali qoneba,
iqceodnen saerTod ise, rogorc winad xdeboda egzekuciis dros da
amitom am razmis gagzavna marTlac egzekucia iqneboda, rom es gad
awyvetileba yofiliyo mTavrobisa. magram, rogorc mogaxseneT, am
mxriv, mTavroba arafer SuaSia. es moxda b. adeiSvilis da mis Tanam
xlebelTa wyalobiT. garda imisa, rom gamonaxes damnaSave pirebi, maT
mimarTes, marTlac ara Cveulebriv zomebs, wamebas. ai magaliTad maT
Camohkides pirdapir bawarze kaxiZe da Semdeg scemes. (maWavariani: az
nauriSvilia!). ai, es piri ase laparakobs (kiTxulobs): cemis Semdeg me
daveci usulod. rodesac daveci imaT kidev gamlaxes da saxlis koWze
gamomkides, roca maT rac ar vicodi ver uTxari. agreTve maT uwamebi
aT fruiZe. pirveli iyo 71 wlisa, meore 65 w., es aris soflis eqimbaSi.
mas abralebdnen, rom mis Semdeg, rac morCaZe okribis mxareSi daiWra,
Wriloba ukanasknels fruiZem Seuxviao.
ai es aris, me vityvi, mkrTali suraTi mraval borotmoqmedebisa,
romlebsac adgili hqondaT am mxareSi. (gvazava: adeiSvili sad aris?
Tavisufalia?) amis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebT batonebo. administraciis
TanaSemwem saerTod gasca brZaneba daepatimrebinaT Semdegi pirebi:
351
qelbaqiani da mesxi. es iyvnen agred wodebuli aznaurebi, romelnic
mosaSveleobas swevdnen am borotmomqmedTa da xalxis Soris. agreTve
gasca gankarguleba, rom daetusaRebinaT ugrexeliZe. (maWavariani:
adeiSvili glexia?). man Tavisi uflebiT gadaayena b. adeiSvili sam
saxuridan da agreTve gasca gankarguleba daepatimrebinaT studen
ti JorJolaZe, romlis Sesaxeb aq mogaxsenes, vinaidan gamoirkva da
namdvilebiT, rom is jer atusaRebinebda xalxs adeiSvils da imave
dros iRebda qrTamebs. Cven mis Semdeg, gamoirkva, rom marTlac yvela
is pirebi da maTi xelmZRvaneli adeiSvili, damnaSaveni arian, roca
Cven miviReT cnoba quTaisidan, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli cnobebi
marTlac simarTles Seicavs, mTavrobam gasca brZaneba adeiSvilis
Sepyrobis Sesaxeb. Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom Tu guSin ar iqna Sepyrobili,
albad dRes mainc iqneba Sepyrobili. (xma: es cotaa! xma: aznaurebTan
erTad glexic). rac Seexeba imas, rom es cota aris, me mgonia, rom da
narCeni aris saqme sasamarTlosi. mTeli es, marTlac aRmaSfoTebe
li saqme, unda gadaeces sasamarTlos. mTavrobas ara aqvs araviTari
ufleba gamoZiebisa da TviT-gasamarTlebisa. administratiuli zome
bi, romelnic saWiro iyvnen, Cven miviReT da maSasadame, am SemTxvevaSi,
Cveni movaleoba savsebiT Sesrulebuli aris.
exla me unda mogaxsenoT mokleT imis Sesaxeb, Tu marTlac ras
ukiJineben am SemTxvevaSi mTavrobas. b. nucubiZe ambobs, rom Tqven,
saerTod, administratiul zomebs iRebTo. me unda mogaxsenoT: diax,
es marTalia. Cven viRebT administratiul zomebs, da administrati
ul zomebs viRebT imitom, rom Cven gvgonia, rom Cven jer vimyofebiT
revoliucionur xanaSi, saca jer ar aris sakmaod mowesrigebuli
sasamarTlo. da ase viqceviT ara marto Cven, yvela revoliucionu
ri mTavroba. vinaidan b. social-revoliucionerebi xSirad sxva da
sxva revoliuciis magaliTebs moiyvanen xolme (xma: Tqvenc giyvarT!)
mec dausaxeleb, rom albad maT axsovT, rom safrangeTis konventma
miiRo konstitiucia, magram misi ganxorcieleba ki gadasdo, swored
im mosazrebiT, rom revoliucionur xanaSi aris aucilebeli es ara
Cveulebrivi zomebi, romlebsac Cveni sasamarTlo jer-jerobiT ver
iRebs. jer unda mogaxsenoT imis Sesaxeb, rom CvenSi arian Sepyro
bilni administratiuli wesiT, ara Tu arian, unda iyvnen da iqnebi
an manam, sanam amas moiTxovs xalxis interesi. saxelmwifos interesi,
xalxis interesi _ es umaRlesi kanoni aris. es kidev romaelebma icod
nen. (kedia: amis sekreti vis xelSia?) amis sekreti ki TviT xalxis xe
lSia. es aravisTvis saidumlo ar aris, yvelam icis, vis winaaRmdeg
arian es zomebi mimarTulni. (xma soc.-rev. mxridan: xalxis winaaRm
deg!) ukacravad! amis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebT. Tqven nu aCqardebiT! me
Tqven mogagonebT Tqven nalaparakebs erovnul sabWoSi. me mogaxsen
ebT, rom es saidumloebas ar Seadgens. yvelam icis es rogor xdeba,
vis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli es zomebi. me gadaWriT vacxadeb, rom
es administratiuli zomebi aris mimarTuli maT winaaRmdeg, im ele
352
mentebis winaaRmdeg, romelnic Zirs uTxrian an, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
scdiloben Ziri gamouTxaron Cven respublikas, magram, romelnic am
Tavis zraxvebs ver anxorcieleben, vinaidan mTavroba Sesafer zomebs
iRebs. exla me unda mogaxsenoT imis Sesaxeb, rom ai iq, okribis mxareSi
momxdar ambebze ra daskvna unda gamovitanoT iqidan, rac iq moxda. me
vacxadeb gadaWriT, rom mTavrobam Seasrula Tavis movaleoba, rasac
mas akisrebda kanoni, romelic miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis
mier. (aawiokeT glexebi) ukacravad, (mesxiSvili: awiokebis kanoni ar
migviRia), ukacravad, me unda ganvacxado umaRles mTavrobis Sesax
eb. me vambob, rom iq marTlac moxda awiokeba da umaRles mTavrobis
movaleoba iyo, mas aqvs dakisrebuli erTad-erTi movaleoba _ kon
troli administraciisa da zomebis miReba im nabijebis winaaRmdeg,
romelic mimarTulia xalxis winaaRmdeg. me Tqven gekiTxebiT, Seasru
la Tu ara es mTavrobam? da me gadaWriT vambob, rom mTavrobam yvela
is, ris ufleba kanoniT aqvs micemuli, yvela am uflebiT isargebla
ai, swored kanonis farglebSi da marTlac miiRo zomebi imitom, rom
meti sastiki zoma garda dapatimrebisa Cven xelT ar aris.
danarCenSi, me vacxadeb yvela am borotmomqmed winaaRmdeg daw
yebulia gamoZieba da is gadaecema sasamarTlos.
marTalia, parlamentSi iyvnen partiebi, romelnic ambobdnen,
ara mTavrobas ar unda hqondes kontrolis uflebao. amas batone
bo, Tqven, social-revoliucionerebi, roca laparakobdnen milici
is Sesaxeb, Tqven amtkicebdiT _ ra SuaSia mTavroba, ra SuaSia ad
ministratiuli zomebis miReba. ukeTesia, rom xalxma TviT airCios
komisrebi, romelTa damtkicebaze laparakic SeuZlebeliao. Tqven
amtkicebdiT, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba TiTon gauZRveba am
saqmeebso. Cven vambobdiT, vicodiT ramdenaT susti iyo, am JamaTac,
jerac, me vityvi, sustia saerobo qalaqis TviTmarTveloba, romlis
ganmtkicebas mTavroba da damfuZnebeli kreba yovelmxriv Seecdeba,
_ vicodiT ra susti iyo da vambobdiT: aucileblad saWiro aris kon
troli da agreTve damnaSave piris, administratiul piris gadayene
ba. magram amis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebda ai es partia. da me vamtkiceb,
cxovrebam marTlac daamtkica, erTi ram: rom is uflebebi, romelic
Cven maSin movTxoveT saqarTvelos parlaments, marTlac aucilebe
li aris. amas moiTxovda is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romelSiac
vimyofebiT am Jamadac. da unda vsTqva, rac ufleba Cven gvqonda am
SemTxvevaSi, es ufleba Cven gamoviyeneT savsebiT. gavgzavneT Tanam
debobis pirebi, romlebmac gamoaqveynes yvelaferi, da me unda vsTq
va, araviTar saiduloebas ar vmqniT, piriqiT Tu saWiro aris yvela
im oqmebs, romelic Sedgenilia am aRmaSfoTebel moqmedebis Sesaxeb,
am oqmebs Cven gamovaqveynebT. magram es me saerTod ar moviyvane im
itom, rom naTqvamic sakmarisia amis dasamtkiceblad, rom Cadenili
iyo warmoudgeneli borot moqmedeba da maT winaaRmdeg miRebulia
kanonieri zomebi. maSasadame aravin xels ar afarebs im borotmoq
353
medebas, romelic iq moxda. Cven gvgonia, swored amitom usvam xazs im
garemoebas, rom iq ara Cveulebrivi ram moxda, me mets vityvi, SeiZle
ba es ara Cveulebrivi ar yofiliyo TviT mefis mTavrobis drosac.
(xma: marTalia!) da swored amitom sanamde batonebi social-revoli
ucionerebi Tavis SekiTxvas Semoitandnen da amaze araferi icod
nen, Cven miviReT ukve es zomebi. (xma: ra miiReT?) Cven maSinve razmi
ukan gamoviwvieT, borotmoqmedeba gamovarkvieT da borotmoqmedTa
Sesaxeb gamoZieba davniSneT, gavakeTeT yvela is, rac SegveZlo. (xma:
dagvianebiT!) me mgonia, is, rac Cven kanonis ZaliT SegveZlo, am SemTx
vevaSi, ara Tu ar iyo dagvianebiT, aramed, me mgonia, Zalian daCqa
rebiTac moxda, imitom, rom roca Cvenma warmomadgenelma gaigo (xma:
17 aprils) 17 aprils gaigo es moqmedeba maSinve miiRo zomebi. rac
Seexeba, imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba 6-dan 17-tamde ramdenime dRem gan
vlo, es rasakvirvelia, marTalia. magram, es moxda ara imitom, rom
mTavrobas ar surda maSinve mieRo zomebi, aramed imitom, rom am mx
riv marTlac ar aris sasurvelad mowesrigebuli administraciis
moqmedeba. me marTals getyviT es saqme didi saqmea, Zneli saqmea, da
swored amitom Cven moviSveleT adgilobrivi Zalebi _ adgilobrivi
TviTmarTveloba. da Tu man ver SesZlo am saqmis mogvareba, es imas
amtkicebs, rom es metis metaT rTuli saqmea. me vambob mTavrobam gaa
keTa, Seasrula savsebiT Tavisi movaleoba. da Tu am SemTxvevaSi zo
gierTi partiebi scdilobdnen, es saqme sxva mizniT gamoiyenon, rom
viRac administratiuli wesiT aris dapatimrebuli, amis Sesaxeb Cven
sxva pasuxi gvaqvs,
me mokleT unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cven respublikas, demokratias
safrTxe moelis, mTavroba isargeblebs ara Cveulebriv uflebebiT,
romlebiTac yovelTvis sargebloben mTavrobebi revoliucionur xa
naSi. da Tu Tqven amis winaaRmdegi iqnebiT, rasakvirvelia, maSin is
qeds moixris damfuZnebel krebis winaSe!
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris Semotanili, kamaTi gadidos Sem
deg krebisTvis. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
meore winadadeba: Seswydes sxdoma. vis surs sityva? vin aris wi
naaRmdegi. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. sanam krebas davxuravdeT, gTx
ovT moisminoT dRiuri wesrigi Semdegi sxdomisa.
mdivani (kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom Semotanili aris gancxadeba
social-demokretiul fraqciisa. da meore gancxadeba aris Semotani
li social-federalistebis fraqciisa.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
1) soc.-demokratiuli fraqcia: nacvlad n. cincaZisa da k. faniev
isa sabiujeto komisiaSi vasaxelebT gr. giorgaZes da ios. salayaias,
mexuTmete wevrad ki giorgi anjafariZes.
2) soc.-federalistTa fraqciisa: „damfuZnebeli krebis soc.-
federalistTa fraqcia agrarul komisiaSi nacvlad gr. rcxilaZis
354
gzavnis Tedo Rlonts; gzaTa komisiaSi sim. mdivnis nacvlad _ Tedo
Rlonts“.
355
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meToTxmete sxdoma
357
samuslimano saqarTvelo dRemdisin iseT pirobebSi imyofeboda,
rom mas saSualeba ar hqonda Tavisi Svilebi gaegzavna saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi da aq swavla-ganaTleba mieRebinebina. da ai, swored am
dros yadir-beg ServaSiZem SesZlo amgvar pirobebisTvis Tavi daexwia
da mieRo saSualo ganaTleba TbilisSi da Semdeg umaRlesi swavla
dorpatis universitetSi. specialobiT eqimi, is daubrunda samusul
mano saqarTvelos, magram ar dascalda Tavisi specialuri codna ga
moeyenebina, is specialuri codna, romelic ase saWiro aris samusli
mano saqarTvelosTvis, Semdeg mouswro omma da igi am omma gaitaca.
igi muSaobda sxva da sxva organizaciebSi.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg igi Tavga
modebiT moRvaweobda am ideis gansamtkiceblad axalcixis mxareSi,
sadac xelZRvanelobda cxenosanTa razms. sul didi xani ar aris mas
aqeT, rac man am moRvaweobis dros erTgvari devna ganicada im bnel
elementebisagan, romlebmac moaxerxes da aajanyes mTeli axalcixis
mxare da am ajanyebiT aunazRaurebeli zarali miayenes mas.
am dros ulmobelma saxadma is mogvtaca.
pativi maqvs winadadeba mivce damfuZnebel krebas fexze adgomiT
pativi sces mas. (krebis wevrebi fexze sdgebian).
358
dRiuri wesrigi.
359
vaqcio Tqveni yuradReba sxva garemoebas. rogorc mogexsenebaT, me
Semotanili maqvs ramdenime SekiTxva. erTi SekiTxva aris saCqaro, iq
naTxovnia saswrafo wesiT ganxilva. es SekiTxva iyo dasmuli warsul
krebis dRiur wesrigSi, magram maSin ver movaswreT da gadmovida
dRevandel dRiur wesrigSi, magram dRes es SekiTxva isev bolos aris
moqceuli. Tu agre moviqeciT, SekiTxva yovelTvis boloSi iqneba mo
qceuli da darwmunebuli var, rom es SekiTxva arasodes ganxiluli
ar iqneba.
amitom me mgonia, Tu saswrafo SekiTxvaa dRiur wesrigSi, es
wesrigi unda amowuruli iyos da es SekiTxva im dRes Tu ara, Sem
deg sxdomaze mainc unda iyos ganxiluli. maSasadame Semdeg sxdomis
wesrigi unda iwyobodes im sakiTxebiT, romelic darCa amouwuravi
wina sxdomaze. Tu es principialurad misaRebia, me gTxovT ase Ses
cvaloT, ese igi dRevandel wesrigis saTaveSi movaqcioT bolo war
suli wesrigisa.
magram SesaZlebelia, rom amisTana wesis miReba ar iyos xelsayre
li Cveni sazogado muSaobisaTvis.
maSin gTxovT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcioT im SekiTxvebs,
romlebic me Semovitane aq. rogorc mogaxseneT erTi SekiTxva aris
saswrafo. is Seexeba iusticiis ministris amxanagis moqmedebas da ro
gorc saswrafo sakiTxi me gTxovT dRes mainc is adre ganixiloT da ar
dastovoT isev boloSi. SekiTxva Seexeba udides nawils Cven saxelm
wifoebriv cxovrebisas, Seexeba sasamarTlos. sazogadoebrivi Segne
ba aRelvebuli aris, Cven raime damSvideba unda SevitanoT. es mgonia,
yvelasaTvis aSkara aris. amitom aucileblad adre unda ganvixiloT.
es Cemi kerZo winadadeba aris. Tu ar daeTanxmebiT am Cems winadade
baze, maSin gTxovT es sakiTxi daisvas mesamed, an meoTxed. maSin imedi
gveqneba, rom dRes mainc ganxiluli iqneba. Torem, vimeoreb, Tu agre
moviqceviT meqanikurad, rom is sakiTxebi, romelic dganan dRiur
wesrigSi, yovelTvis boloSi movaqcioT, gamodis iseTi mdgomareoba,
rom arc erTi sakiTxi ganxiluli ar iqneba.
ai am mosazrebis gamo viTxovT, rom is kiTxvebi, romlebic darC
nen amosawuri warsul krebaze dRes pirvelad iqnen dasmulni dRi
ur wesrigSi da aqedan ganvagrZoT maTi ganxilva. Tu es ar SeiZleba
yvela kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, maSin gTxovT Cveni SekiTxva mTavrobisadmi
sasamarTlo palatis Tavmjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb dasmuli iqmnes mesame da meoTxe sakiTxad dRiur wesrigSi.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad unda ganvixiloT Semdegi, rac Seexeba wi
nadadebas... sityva gsurT? mobrZandiT.
r. arseniZe. rasakvirvelia, principialurad misaRebia sakiTxis
gadatan-gadmotana, mxolod ar SeiZleba im wesis miReba, rom wina
dRidan morCenili sakiTxebi ueWvelaT TavSi movaqcioT da axali
ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi boloSi, _ radgan es iqneboda erTgvar
xel-fexis Sekrva damfuZnebel krebisa, da prezidiums unda hqondes
360
saSualeba, rom gaanawilos dRiuri wesrigi imisdamixedviT, Tu ro
meli sakiTxi ufro sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovania, da romeli nak
leb mniSvnelovani, da amis mixedviT moaTavsos wesrigSi. miT ufro,
rom damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba Sescvalos Semdeg wesrigi gan
saxilvel saqmeebisa. es saerTod. kerZod, rac Seexeba am SekiTxvebis
gadmotanas, es me mgonia araviTar saWiroebiT ar aris gamowveuli.
miT umetes, rom Cven ufro rTuli da didi mniSvnelovani kiTxvebi
gviZevs win. vimeoreb, pirveli mniSvnelovani aris CvenTvis muSaoba.
amas garda Cven gvaqvs sxva kiTxvebic. Tundac is SekiTxva, romelze
dac kamaTi SevwyviteT da dRes unda gavagrZeloT. exla kidev sxva
SekiTxvis ganxilva rom daviwyoT, es did arev darevas gamoiwvevs,
domxaliviT aireva erTmaneTSi. Cven rom erTi SekiTxva daviwyoT, _
meore ar davasruloT, arc es aris rigiani, da amitom me mgonia, unda
darCes warmodgenili wesrigi. mciredi kanon-proektebi did dros
ar wagvarTmeven, maT gamo didi kamaTi ar dagvWirdeba. Semdeg unda
davamTavroT da mere gadavideT sxva SekiTxvebze. amasTanave mgonia
didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs _ imas, iqneba SekiTxva sxdomis boloSi, Tu
dasawyisSi, da amitom misi gadatan-gadmotana sruliad zedmetia.
Tavmjdomare. batoni gvazava.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) pirvel nawils warmodgenil mosazrebi
sas veTanxmebi.
me TiTon mogaxseneT, rom SeiZleba, gaurCevel kiTxvebis gad
motaniT pirvel rigSi, Seferxdes Cveni muSaoba meTqi. magram arc
uyuradRebod datoveba am Cemi kiTxvisa aris SesaZlebeli. Cemi
SekiTxva dasmulia meSvide alagas, da Cveni gamocdilebiT viciT, rom
ise Cqara Cveni muSaoba ar midis, rom dRes CavideT meSvide muxlamde.
ver ganvixilavT.
aq amboben, rom bevri, sakanonmdeblo samuSao gvaqvso. es marTa
lia, bevri amisTana sakiTxebi aris. magram Tqven damerwmunebiT, rom
is sakiTxi, romelic Cven, erovnul-demokratebma, aRvZeriT Seexeba
sasamarTlos mdgomareobas, esec umTavresi sakiTxia. Tu samarTali
ar aris _ maSin saxelmwifoc ar aris. amas aqcevs yuradRebas Cveni
moyvare da mteri. saWiroa rom mTelma saqarTvelom, mTelma sazoga
doebam gaigos damfuZnebel krebis azri, Tu rogor uyurebs igi am
sakiTxs. uamisod _ is aRSfoTeba, romelic iyo gamowveuli sazoga
doebaSi darCeba kidev; yvela im daskvnas gamoitans, maSasadame, rom
samarTali saqarTveloSi ar yofila. es iseTi daskvnaa, da iseTi sa
frTxe, rom xels SeuSlis yvela Cvens muSaobas, unda iyos erTnairi
fsixologiuri ganwyobileba _ rom ubraloT ki ar iwereba kanonebi,
aramed imas moelis gatareba cxovrebaSi. magram ranairi iqneba es ga
tareba Tu yvela fiqrobs rom samarTali mZime pirobebSia. umTavre
sad kanonis gatarebis aucilebeli aris rwmena, rom aris samarTali,
da samarTlis SemweobiT kanoni iqneba daculi da gatarebuli cx
ovrebaSi. Tu ase ar iqneba, me mgonia Cven muSaobas araviTari mniSvn
361
eloba ar eqneba. amitom, radganac Cemi SekiTxva Seexeba amisTana did
sakiTxs, me vsTxov damfuZnebel krebas, rom gadasmuli iyos cota win,
mesame alagas. iqneba is kiTxva, romelic arseniZem wamoayena, mere,
maSasadame meoTxed _ iqneba gagrZeleba im SekiTxvisa, romelic aq
Semoitanes eserebma. amis Semdeg ki mexuTe alagas unda iyos usaTuod
is SekiTxva, romelic me Semovitane.
Tavmjdomare. amnairad pirveli winadadeba aris Semotanili so
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier: kontrolioris arCevis sakiTxi
daisvas mesame alagas. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasa
dame es sakiTxi daismeba mesame alagas.
meore winadadeba aris erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa. erov
nuli-demokratebis winadadeba aseTi aris. mexuTe kiTxvad dRiur
wesrigSi daisvas SekiTxva mTavrobisadmi sasamarTlo palatis Tav
mjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb. vin aris am wina
dadebis winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? umciresoba. maSasadame es
darCeba ise, rogorc wesrigSi aris dasmuli.
pirveli sakiTxi: saboloo teqsti dadgenilebisa damf. kr. xe
lovnebis komisiisaTvis 100.000 m. gadacemis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebelia qalbatoni soloRaSvilis asuli.
saboloo teqstebi.
362
nebi unda moxdes farul kenWis yriT. Tqven gaqvT mand qaRaldi, mx
olod gTxovT dasweroT.
vTxov krebis wevrs andronikaSvils da maWavarians daeswren ba
raTebis daTvlis dros.
sanam baraTebis daTvla gaTavdebodes, Cven gadavdivarT Semdeg
sakiTxzed. momxsenebelia krebis wevri guruli.
363
amis gamo iyo, rom exlac, samxedro komisiaSi, damfuZnebel krebis
samxedro komisiaSi da samxedro saministroSiac, erT da imave dros
dabadebuliyo es kiTxvebi. maSin, rodesac samxedro komisiam daadgi
na, rom Semdeg krebaze daisvas es kiTxva da TviT aiRos iniciativa aseT
kanon-proeqtis Setanisa, gamoirkva, rom samxedro saministros ukve
mzad hqonda es kanon-proeqti da ukve gamougzavna samxedro komisias.
da ai yvela am mizezis gamo, samxedro komisiam miiRo es kanon-proeqti
da gidgenT Tqven gansaxilvelad.
kanoniT Tavisufldebian ara marto dedis-erTebi, rogorc es
Zveli kanonis wesiT iyo, aramed erTad-erTi marCeneli. marto ded
is-erTa ki ara, SeiZleba ramdenime Zmis patronic ki ganTavisufldeba
samxedro begarisagan am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT mxolod maSin, Tu is
warmoadgens erTad-erT marCenels ojaxisas. aseT movaleobisagan ar
Tavisufldeba Tu is, faqtiurad, ar aris ojaxis marCeneli, ese igi,
Tu ojaxi iseTia, romlis wevri ar muSaobs, Tu Tavis qonebiT uzrun
velyofilia, Tavis SemosavliT irCens Tavs. Semdeg am proeqtis Zal
iT, mkvidr Svilebad iTvlebian agredve gerebi, Tu isini arCenen mami
nacvals da dedinacvals da Svilobili, Tu is naSvilebia manam, sanam
10 weliwadi Seusruldeboda.
ai aseTi aris, daaxlovebiT, azri da mizani am kanon-proeqtisa,
romlis Sesaxeb samxedro komisia winadadebas gaZlevT, miiRoT da
gadaxvideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis surgulaZes.
petre surgulaZe. (n.-d.) batonebo! marTalia sazogadod, samxe
dro begara aris erTi iseTi mZime movaleobaTagani, romelic xSirad
moqalaqes awuxebs da afiqrebinebs, rom es movaleoba Tavidan aicdi
nos, magram isic marTalia, rom Tu vinmes surs isargeblos saxelmwi
foebrivi Semoqmedebis nayofiT, movale aris, agreTve am saxelmwifos
winaSe imuSaos da daicvas es saxelmwifo yovelgvar saSiSroebisagan.
kanoni, romelic iyo winaT miRebuli, cxovrebaSi ver gatarda.
aqedan, ar SegviZlian Cven is daskvna gamovitanoT, rom es kanoni Ses
aferi ar iyo cxovrebisTvis.
mizezi, romlis gamo es kanoni cxovrebaSi ar gatarda, ar imaleba
am kanonis uvargisobaSi, aramed es mizezi aris damarxuli swored
im sazogadoebriv ganwyobilebaSi, im sazogadoebriv daulagebloba
Si, romelic dRes arsebobs CvenSi. kanonis ZaliT yovelive moqalaqe,
jaris kacis hasakSi myofi _ movale iyo jarSi wasuliyo da am jaris
kacis ojaxs, romelsac ar SeuZlian arseboba, radganac misi marCene
li jarSi gaiyvanes, unda daxmareboda saxelmwifo. saxelmwifom es
movaleoba ver aasrula swored imitom, rom is organoebi, romel
sac saxelmwifom daavala am movaleobis asruleba, jer kidev wesi
erad ver moqmedeben da, rasakvirvelia, am niadagze, xalxSi Seiqmna
ukmayofileba. maSasadame, Tu Cven wesieri gziT vivliT, _ es Zveli
kanoni Cven unda davtovoT, rogorc kanoni da unda vecadoT, rom Tu
364
dRemdi saxelmwifom ver SesZlo Tavisi movaleobis asruleba imaT
winaSe, visi ojaxic saWiroebda am daxmarebas, _ dRes mainc wesierad
moeqces, daavalos erTxel kidev da aiZulos is organizaciebi, ro
melTac winaT davalebuli hqondaT am daxmarebis gaweva, Seasrulos
es Tavisi movaleoba.
ratom unda moviqceT ese? saqme imaSi aris, rom saxelmwifos ar
seboba da keTildReoba umTavresad aris damyarebuli mis moralur
Zalaze, im ndobaze, romelic moqalaqes aqvs am saxelmwifosadmi. Tu
es ndoba ar aris, maSin moqalaqeebSi mudam aris erTnairi sayveduri,
erTnairi miTqma-moTqma da cda, rom ama Tu im pirma Tavi daixsnas im
valdebulobisagan, romelic saxelmwfom mas daakisra. swored, Tu es
kanoni miviReT, maSin CvenSi mravlad gaCndebian maZiebelni samxedro
samsaxurisagan ganTavisuflebisa. da rom es ese aris, amas mowmobs
samxedro ministri, romelmac moisurva windawin ganxorcieleba am
wesisa da ganTavisufleba im pirebisa, romlebic iTvlebian erTad
erT marCenlebad. uTvalavi mowmoba, rasakvirvelia yalbi mowmoba
Tavs daayares b. ministrs, da ministrma, rodesac Sewuxda, _ SeaC
era Tavisi gankargulebiT am dadgenilebis gatareba. maSasadame, es
kanon-proeqti, rom daakanonoT, amas ara sasurveli Sedegebi mohyve
ba swored zneobriv: uTvalavi kaci daiwyebs Zebnas, rom gaanTavisu
flon samxedro begarisagan; uTvalavi yalbi mowmoba daiwereba da is
pirni, romelsac Tqven am movaleobas daakisrebT, ra ki warmoudgenen
sabuTebs, _ sazogadoeba, adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba iZulebulni
iqnebian am gvarad Zalauneburad siyalbe gaamravlon da xeli Seu
wyon mas. rom es ase iqneba amas laparaki ar unda. aiReT es SeniSvna.
(kiTxulobs).
ras niSnavs „qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa?“ vin aris uzrunvelyo
fili? vin ara? vin aris amis mosamarTle? es iseTi Zneli gadasawyve
tia, rom am niadagze aTasnairi mikerZoeba SeiZleba moxdes. amitom,
saxelmwifo iseT kanonebs unda awesebdes, romlis ganxorcielebis
dros, rac SeiZleba naklebi borotmoqmedeba da avkacoba xdebodes.
es kanoni ki iseTia, rom rac SeiZleba, gaamravlebs borotmoqmedebas
da gagviWirebs cxovrebas.
meores mxriv, yvelasTvis savaldebulo samxedro begara arc is
eTi mZimea, rogorc es iyo winaT. winaT samxedro begaraSi gawveuli
Sordeboda Tavis samSoblos didi xniT, swydeboda im sazogadoebas,
sadac mas SeeZlo daxmareba da zneobrivi gamxneveba epovna; agreTve
ar SeeZlo xSirad Tavis ojaxSi misuliyo. dRes Cven SegviZlian ase
Tu ise, Tu sruliad ar avicdinoT Tavidan aseTi SemTxvevani, _ Sevam
ciroT, SevamokloT mainc. imitom rom, rogorc mogexsenebaT saqarT
velo jer erTi, Tavis Tavad did teritorias ar warmoadgens. maSa
sadame, jarSi gawveulni pirni, samxedro begaras, Tu omi ar aris, _
moixdian im adgilas, sadac arian dabadebulni, sadac scxovroben. ma
Sasadame isini ar swydebian Tavis ojaxebs, rogorc iyo winaT.
365
erTi es.
meore, _ axlo momavalSi damfuZnebel krebas warudgeba kanon-pro
eqti samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb. me darwmunebuli var, rom dam
fuZnebeli kreba samxedro samsaxuris vadas, ramdenadac ki SesaZle
beli aris, Seamcirebs. maSasadame, didi xniT aravin Tavis ojaxs ar
moSordeba.
Semdeg, Cven ver vityviT, rom Cven sakmaod Zlierni viyoT moqa
laqobrivi SegnebiT. yovelive gamonaklisi, yovelive upiratesoba
moqalaqeTa Soris Segnebas amcirebs da asustebs. piriqiT, rodesac
movaleoba sazogadoebrivi Tanasworad ganawilebulia, da swored
ramdenadac es Tanasworad da samarTlianad ganawilebulia, _ imde
nad es sazogadoebrivi movaleobis Segneba ufro Zlieria.
amitom, yvela am mosazrebis gamo da agreTve, im mosazrebis gamo,
rom Tavis dacva, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis Senaxva, unda iyos
umaRlesi mizani mTeli qarTveli erisa da misi sakanonmdeblo orga
nosi, me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti, romelic swored am Tavdacvas
amcirebs, _ uaryofili unda iyos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs.
samxedro ministri ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno!
is mosazrebani, romelic aq b. surgulaZem wamoayena, me mgonia
saqmisTvis Seuferebelia. piriqiT, is mTavari mosazrebani, romleb
zedac is eyrdnoboda, winaaRmdeg daskvnamdis migviyvanen. umTavre
sad, razedac damfuZnebeli krebis wevri eyrdnoboda mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom Cveni yoveli ZalRoniT unda gavamagroT mTavrobis Za
la-gavlena da amitom unda SevecadoT im kanonebis, romelic gamoce
mulia, sisruleSi moyvanas. me ki mgonia, mTavrobis da damfuZnebeli
krebis movaleobas Seadgens, Tu marTlac romelime dadgenileba an
kanoni Sesaferisi ar gamodga cxovrebisaTvis, aucileblad saWiroa
misi Secvla. me unda mogaxsenoT, rom marTlac, im xnis ganmavlobaSi,
rac moqmedebda es kanoni samxedro begris moxdis Sesaxeb, Cven aSkarad
davinaxeT, rom erTi nawili am kanonisa marTlac gamousadegaria. me
saxeSi maqvs is mxare, romelic exeba jarSi marCenalTa gawvevas. mar
Tali aris, rom yvela saSualebiT unda vcdilobdeT, rom araviTar
privilegias, demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, adgili ar hqondes. da
Tu marTlac Cven am mosazrebidan gamovediT, rasakvirvelia b. sur
gulaZe marTali iqneba. magram aq aris laparaki ara privilegiaze,
aramed im aucilebel moTxovnilebaze, romelic nakarnaxevia Cveni
politikur-socialuri mdgomareobiT. Tqven unda iqonioT mxedve
lobaSi erTi garemoeba. Cven gvWiria iseTi samxedro Zala, romelic
yovelmxriv SekavSirebuli iqneba, iseTi Zala, romelsac yovelTvis
daeyrdnoba Cveni respublika. da me gekiTxebiT Tqven: am Tvalsazris
iT, marTlac gana is Sesworeba, romelic Cven SemovitaneT savsebiT
misaRebi ar aris? jarSi gahyavT erTad-erTi marCenali da Tqven iciT
366
im tradiciis mixedviT, romelic CvenSi arsebobs, es mTel xalxs savse
biT ukanonoT miaCniaT. es aris, xalxis SexedulobiT, metis-metad us
amarTlo nabiji. aseT Sexedulebas adgili aqvs, rasakvirvelia, TviT
jarSiac. amitom, iq, Zalauneburad vrceldeba aseTi azri, da yvela
is pirebi, romelnic TiTqos msxverplad gaxdnen am usamarTlobisa,
erTnair gamoZaxils yovel Tavis amxanagSi hpoveben da amiTi jaris
simtkices xels uSlian. me gadaWriT vamtkiceb, rom swored es zoma
erTi im saSualebaTagani aris, romelic xels uwyobs ara Cveni jaris
Seqmnas, aramed mis dauZlurebas.
magram aq aris kidev meore mosazreba. Tqven albad mogexsenebaT,
rom Cven vcdilobdiT pirveli kanon-proeqtiT, romelic Semdeg
miiRo saqarTvelos parlamentma, Cven vcdilobdiT raime daxmareba
aRmogveCina maTTvis, romelnic, marTlac, sruliad umweod darCnen
marCenalTa jarSi gawvevis gamo. magram Tqven isic iciT, rom Cven es
ver SevZeliT. da im mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac imyofeboda saxelm
wifo erTis mxriv da meores mxriv adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobebi,
am dapirebis ganxorcieleba Cven ar SegveZlo. Tu es zoma iwvevda
sazogadoebaSi arev-darevas, es kidev ufro iwvevda da aucileblad
ac gamoiwvevda Cven ekonomiur da finansiur daqanebas.
Semdeg erTi mosazrebaa kidev. moqalaqeno, marTlac es Seswore
ba aucilebeli iqneboda, rom finansiuri mosazreba ar moiTxovdes
jaris reorganizacias, razedac me aq ar mogaxsenebT, amis Sesaxeb Sem
deg iqneba msjeloba, romelic savsebiT eTanxmeba im winadadebas, ro
melic dRes aq Cven SemovitaneT. CvenTvis sakmao Zala im SemTxvevaSiac
uzrunvelyofili iqneba Tu Tqven daadasturebT im winadadebas, im
kanon-proeqts, romelic samxedro saministrom Semoitana da romel
ic miiRo samxedro komisiam. rom marTlac am mxriv arsebobdes raime
safrTxe, rom Cven ar vyofiliyaviT uzrunvelyofilni im winadadebis
miRebiT, sakmao ZalebiT, maSin, rasakvirvelia, winadadeba b. surgula
Zisa misaRebi iqneboda. da Cven marTlac amisdamixedviT unda mogvemar
Ta Cveni samxedro saqmeebi. magram me gadaWriT vamtkiceb, rom aseTi
safrTxe marTlac ar arsebobs da amitomac im mosazrebaTa gamo, rome
lic me gamovsTqvi aq, aucileblad saWiroa am kanon-proeqtis miReba.
mTeli Cveni xalxis Sexeduloba, misi tradiciebi, agreTve dRe
vandeli Cveni ekonomiuri da finansiuri mdgomareoba aucileblad
moiTxovs am kanon-proeqtis miRebas da me darwmunebuli var, rom dam
funebeli kreba amas angariSs gauwevs da rasakvirvelia, amiT is xels
Seuwyobs ara jaris darRvevas, romelzedac aq laparakoben, aramed,
piriqiT mis ufro gaZlierebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs anjafariZes.
giorgi anjafariZe (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, Cveni fraqcia momxrea am
kanon-proeqtisa da mxars dauWers mis muxlobriv garCevas. is Ses
worebebi, romelic Semoitana damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma p. sur
gulaZem, CvenTvis ar aris misaRebi.
367
mosazreba, viTomc saWiro iyos mxolod materialur daxmarebis
gaweva im ojaxebisa, romelT marCenalni jarSi iqnebian gawveulni da
kiTxva amiT gadaiWrebao. ukve cxovrebam sruliad daarRvia. saqme mar
to imaSi ki ar aris, rom Cven ar SegviZlian sakmao daxmarebis gaweva.
Tqven momxsenebelma ukve gangimartaT is, rom umravlesoba am jarSi
gawveulTa aris soflis muSebi. isini ewevian saxlSi meurneobas, maSa
sadame, rodesac isini Tavis meurneobas moakldebian, aSkaraa, rom ara
Tu maTi ojaxebi ganicdian qonebriv xelmokleobas, aramed irRveva
maTi meurneoba, da Tu meurneoba dairRva, rasakvirvelia misi xelax
lad aSeneba Zalian Zneli iqneba. rasakvirvelia, samSoblos dacva _
diadi saqmea. magram, Tu samSoblos dacvasTan erTad ar iqneba zurgi
gamagrebuli, samSoblos dacva ar SeiZleba. Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom
am kanoniT isargeblebdnen zogierTni da Caidenen raime borotebas,
magram amisTvis kanoni aris, romelic pasuxisgebaSi miscems am borot
moqmedT. ar SeiZleba kanonis uaryofa, mxolod imitom, rom mas viRac
daarRvevs, an misiT cudaT isargeblebs, yovel kanonis Samovla Sei
Zleba, magram kanonis uaryofa amitom yovlad SeuZlebelia. arc is mo
sazrebaa misaRebi, rom yvela jarSi gawveulni Cvens qveyanaSi darCeba
da amitom mainc da mainc Tavis saxl-kars Sors ar gascildebao. oja
xis erTma marCenalma unda mouaros Tavis meurneobas da jarSi yofna
ki amis saSualebas ar miscems rac unda axlo iyos igi Tavis saxlidgan.
magram Tu ki mas saxlisken eqneba Tvali, es jarSi dezorganizacias
Seitans da mas ki verafers sargeblobas ver moutans. dids da mZime
tvirTs Seadgens sazogadod samxedro begara: Cveni Sexeduleba amis
Sesaxeb yvelam kargad icis, magram exla Cven iseT mdgomareobas gan
vicdiT, rom samxedro begaris jer-jerobiT mowyoba ar SeiZleba.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom unda Seiqmnas iseTi pirobebi, rom am samxedro
begaris moxdis dros, rac SeiZleba naklebi gaWireba ganicados moqa
laqem Tu ki rom saWiroeba winaaRmdegs ar moiTxovs. ai am mosazrebiT
Cven mxars dauWerT kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. kamaTi dasrulebu
lia. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
zaqaria guruli. (momxsenebeli) batoni surgulaZe gamodis mTa
var debulebidan, rom yvela movale aris moixados vali samSoblos
winaSe, imsaxuros jarSi. magram miT umetes, rogorc samxedro komi
siis wevrs daaviwydeba, rom im xalxs, erTad erT marCenelT, romlis
Sesaxeb dRes Cven vlaparakobT, Cven maT ki ar vanTavisuflebT savse
biT samSoblos dacvisagan: Cven vanTavisuflebT mudmiv samsaxurisa
gan da mudmiv saTadarigo jarSi Caricxvisagan, da amave dros isini
gadaricxulni iqnebian marqafa laSqarSi, da Tu samSoblos dacva
moiTxovs maT gawvevas jarSi da samsaxurs, isini gawveulni iqnebian.
amitom Cven vcvliT parlamentis mier miRebul kanonis muxls SeRava
Tis Sesaxeb, magram ar vcvliT da ZalaSi vtovebT me-6 muxls, romel
ic laparakobs: (kiTxulobs). ase rom isini savsebiT ganTavisuflebu
368
li ar arian samSoblos dacvisagan, magram, isini ganTavisuflebuli
arian mudmiv nawilebSi yofnisagan da mudmiv saTadarigo nawilebSi
gadaricxvisagan.
b. surgulaZe brZanebs, rom Tu aqamdisin ver movawyeT maTi dax
mareba es imitom, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba exla ewyoba. da
rodesac mowyobili iqneba is SesZlebs amas da mTavrobam unda aiZu
los. magram, rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma anjafariZem upa
suxa da mec moxsenebaSi ganvmarte, rom jer erTi, didi daxmareba exla
Zalian Zneli aris, ramdeni fuli unda misceT ojaxs, rom exla Tavi
Seinaxos, erTi fuTi simindis sasyidlaT dasWirdebaT 100 maneTi, da
ramden xans unda eyos es Tqveni daxmareba, magram Tqveni micemuli dax
mareba, ramdenic ar unda misceT, kacma rom rigianaT Seinaxos ojaxi,
Wirnaxulic, rom iyidoT, romelic saWiro aris, verafers ver uSv
elis, is isev damSeuli iqneba da gaWirebuli iqneba. misi meurneoba
dairRveva Tu is venaxs ar daToxnis, ar morwyavs, ar mouvlis is mas
sagaisoT mosavals ar miscems.
meore mTavari mosazreba kidev, ratom ar unda miviRoT es
kanon-proeqti, Turme aris is, rom borotmoqmedoba iqneba aqedanao. me
mgonia, rom Tu amaze wava saqme ufro meti borotmomqmedoba SeiZleba
iqnes, ufro meti borotmoqmedoba SeiZleba Caidinon imaT, vinc Tavi
sufldebian avantyofobis gamo. iseTi borotmomqmedi, romelsac hyavs
Zma, Sromis unaris mqone, mama, Sromis unaris mqone, da romelsac unda
daimalos, borotmoqmedeba Caidinos, ufro glaxa mdgomareobaSia
Tavis saqmis asrulebaSi, vidre is romelic avantyofi ar aris magram
avaTmyofobis gamo ganTavisuflebulia. aq xSirad eqimic ver gaigebs
Tu namdvili avadmyofia, da advilad gaakeTebs borotmoqmedobas.
magram gana vinme ityvis amis gamo es punqti miuRebelia, rom borot
momqmedni Tavisufldebian jaris samsaxuridan da amitom avadmyofebi
unda waviyvanoTo. me mgonia arc erTi Wkuaze myofi adamiani ver ityvis
amis gamo, rom kutebi, munjebi da sxva da sxva sneulebis mqone adamiane
bi daudoT uremze da waviyvanoT jaris nawilebSio. borotmoqmedo
ba ukve daiwyo, brZanebs b. surgulaZe. es borotmoqmedoba daiwyo im
niadagze, rom b. ministrma windawin gasca brZaneba jaridan droebiT
gaenTavisuflebiaT, daeTxovnaT is pirebi, romelnic exla msaxuroben
jarSi, magram Seadgenen erTad erT muSas ojaxSi. es SeiZleba exla
moxda, magram moxda imitom, rom jerjerobiT im nawilebis ufrosebs
da TviTmarTvelobas romelTac es neba miecaT, ar aqvs araviTari di
reqtivebi, araviTari saxelmZRvanelo, riTac unda gadaswyviton er
Tad erTi marCenalis anda gasanTavisuflebelis vinaoba, da amitom
SeiZleba maT ver gamoirkvies Tavis droze es. rodesac am kanon-pro
eqts kanonaT vaqcevT da saxelmZRvanelod mivcemT, imaT eqnebaT ukve
saxelmZRvanelo da amisdagvarad iseve moiqcevian.
mere baton surgulaZes Znelad miaCnia, saZnelo gamosarkvevad mi
aCnia is, ro ver gavigeb vin aris ekonomiurad uzrunvelyofili. me
369
mgonia is dawesebuleba, romelsac es aqvs mindobili, da mindobili
am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT, amisi garkveva aqvs adgilobriv TviTmmarT
velobebs, _ maT ar gauWirdebaT imis gamorkveva, Tu vin aris ekonomi
urad uzrunvelyofilni. aq igulisxmeba Tavis Tavad is, vinc imdenad
uzrunvelyofili aris, rom Sroma ar sWiria. aris iseTi SemTxve
va, rom erTad erTi Svili hyavs adamians, is aris marCeneli Teore
Tiulad, magram praqtikulad ki arafers ar akeTebs, radganac aqvs
Sesanaxi, da arc mama misi muSaobs da arc Svili. amisTanebs kanoni ar
stovebs saxlSi. samsaxuris vada cota iqnebao, da Tan axlo iqnebian
saxlzeo, magram es mosazreba, romelic aq moiyvana b. surgulaZem, mis
aRebi ar aris. me mgonia 10 verszed iqneba saxlzed daSorebuli Tu
100 verssze, is saxlSi ver imuSavebs. Cven gvinda, rom is jarSi iyos
da jarSi msaxurobdes. Tu jaridan wavida da saxlSi muSaobs, _ maSin
gauSviT yvela eseTi pirni, maSin tanisamosi, ratom unda mivceT an
ulufa ratom unda dauniSnoT.
rac Seexeba imas, rom es upiratesoba ar unda mivceT, samxedro minis
trma ukve upasuxa, rom upiratesoba ki ar aris, es samarTlianoba aris.
da imis Tqma, rom TiTon samarTlianobis dasacavad aris saWiro,
rom xalxSi erTgvari demoralizacia ar iyos Setanili, _ zedmeti
aris, vinaidan xalxma TiTon ramdenjerme, sxva da sxva adgilebSi
mitingebze, dadgenileba gamoitana, rom es usamarTloba mospeTo.
ese igi, usamarTlod sTvlis ara imas, rom ar mihyavT, aramed imas,
rom mihyavT erTad erTi marCenali. da xalxi gana sxva kiTxvebSiac ese
ar iqceva?
aviRoT gadasaxadebi. TiTon isini arian Tanaxmani, rom Raribeb
ma ar gadixadon bevri, da zedmets TiTon ixdian. Tavis Tavad cxadia,
rom ese iqceva xalxi aqac. roca xedavs, rom ojaxi ingreva, colSvili,
moxucebuli ded-mama SimSils ganicdis, isini amboben _ es usamarTlo
ba ariso, ikribebian da dadgenileba gamoaqvT, rom gasworebuli iyos
es usamarTloba. ai aseTi aris mdgomareoba. es aris deda azri am pro
eqtisa da me samxedro komisiis saxeliT winadadebas viZlevi miiRoT
es kanon-proeqti.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gad
asvlisa? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. miRebulia Tanaxmad reglamentisa,
ganxilva moxdeba momaval krebaze, 7 dRis Semdeg.
370
winaaRmdeg misca xma 2-ma.
1 Tavi Seikava.
2 aRmoCnda carieli.
amgvarad saxelmwifo kontroliorad arCeulia filipe gogi
CaiSvili.
Semdegi, _ qveSevrdomobis kanoni. momxsenebelia krebis wevri sa
yvareliZe.
moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqti.
371
aqvs politikuri uflebebi, imisTana uflebebi, romliTac moqalaqeni
sargebloben. Cven avirCevT, magaliTad, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelo
baSi, virCevT sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi da sxva. am gvaria arse
biTi mcneba moqalaqeobisa.
Tqven kargad iciT, rom dRevandel ganviTarebis safexurze
saxelmwifoebi cal-calke arseboben. SeiZleba moveswroT im dros,
rodesac saxelmwifoebi gaerTiandebian, SeiZleba kacobrioba moes
wros im dros, rodesac saxelmwifoebi cal-calke aRar iqnebian.
rodesac erTi saerTaSoriso, raRac sakanonmdeblo organo Seiqmne
ba. da maSin SeiZleba TviTon mcneba qveSevrdomobisa Seicvalos. es
SeiZleba, magram, es Soris aris Cvengan. dRevandel dRes ki saxelm
wifoni arseboben cal-calke da sxva da sxva ganviTarebis safexurze
sdganan. amitom moqalaqeobis sakiTxi dRes wydeba saxelmwifoebriv,
nacionalur sazRvrebSi. yvela saxelmwifos Tavisi sakuTari kanoni
aqvs Tavisi moqalaqeobisa.
aris ramdenime saxelmwifo, romlebic xelSekrulebas deben urT
ierT Soris moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad Sveicaria da safrange
Ti sdeben xelSekrulebas, rom daaxlovebiT erTgvari kanonmdebloba
iyos. nakarnaxevia es im mosazrebiT, rom konfliqti ar moxdes am or
saxelmwifos Sua. magaliTad aris sxva saxelmwifoebi. davasaxeleb
germanias da SeerTebul Statebs da samxreT amerikis saxelmwifoT.
germania da samxreT amerikis respublikebis Soris aris erTgvari xe
lSekruleba, romlis ZaliT magaliTad, germaneli, rodesac gadava
am saxelmwifoebSi da gansakuTrebul dros ganmavlobaSi icxovrebs
iq, xdeba lo ipso iqaur saxelmwifos moqalaqe. amave dros, iqaur saxel
mwifos moqalaqe, Tu gadmova germaniaSi gansazRvrul vadis ganmav
lobaSi, xdeba Tavis Tavad germaniis moqalaqe. naturalizaciis wesi
ar aris saWiro, am gvari xelSekrulebani aris. magram, udides SemTx
vevaSi, sxva da sxva kanonmdeblobaa, da araviTari SeTanxmeba ar aris
moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. aqedan ibadeba udidesi sakiTxi saerTaSoriso
kerZo uflebis. es gaxlavT uflebaTa kolizia, uflebaTa Setakeba.
Zalauneburad Setakeba xdeba, rodesac uflebis gamomcemeli erTi
da igive araa. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi uflebas scems damfuZnebeli
kreba. es aris uaRresi wyaro uflebisa. sxvagan, magaliTad ruseTSi,
azerbaijanSi sxva uflebis wyaroa. amnairad, SesaZlebelia iq sxvanai
ri kanoni miiRon da Cveni kanoni daetakos im kanons. amgvarad xdeba
erTgvari kolizia uflebaTa. didi cda aris, rom es kolizia ar gax
des, ar iyos winaaRmdegoba. magram jer-jerobiT es unayofoa. Tu ar
miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im oriode SemTxvevas, romelzedac me migi
TiTeT. (Tavmjdomaris alags iWers al. lomTaTiZe).
raSi aris es kolizia? ai raSi aris. sazogadoT kiTxvas moqalaqe
obisas aqvs ori dasawyisi, ori principi.
erTi principia, principi sisxlisa, STamomavlobisa, principi
warmoSobisa; da meore _ principi teritorialuri. vTqvaT Cvenis
372
fiqriT saqarTvelos moqalaqis Svili sadac unda daibados is, _ aris
saqarTvelos moqalaqe. es aris sisxlis principi. magaliTad safran
geTSi cxovrobs qarTveli, is aris Cveni moqalaqe, misi Svili iTvleba
saqarTvelos moqalaqed. meore principi sul sxva aris. aviRoT, saqar
Tvelos moqalaqe ucxo saxelmwifoSi cxovrobs, mas iq Svili daebada,
is CaiTvleba im saxelmwifos moqalaqed. es ori principi upirdapir
deba erTmaneTs. zogierT saxelmwifos aqvs sisxlis, STamomavlobis
principi, es aris germanul uflebis qveynebi. magram sxva saxelmwifo
Si ar iziareben, da aRiareben teritorialur principsa. magaliTad,
samxreT amerikis respublikebi Cili, brazilia da sx. agreTve dania
_ isini ageben moqalaqeobas da qveSevrdomobas teritorialur prin
cipze. daniis moqalaqes CvenSi Svili rom daebados, is iqneba daniis
kanonis ZaliT saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
magram aris mesame rigi saxelmwifoebisa, romelic aerTianeben am
or princips, es aris mesame Sereuli principi, magaliTad safrangeTi.
sazogadod laTinuri saxelmwifoebi teritoriis princips aRiareb
den, magram Semdeg iZulebuli gaxdnen qedi moexaraT STamomavlobiTi
principis winaSe da Sereuli sistema, Sereuli principi eRiarebiaT.
Cveni qveSevrdomobis kanoni uaRresad xazs usvams pirvel prin
cips. igi ufro sisxlis da STamomavlobis princips aZlevs upirateso
bas. magram teritorialur principsac ar uarvyofT savsebiT. WeS
maritebaa, rom germaniis kanonmdebloba uaRresad dawinaurebuli
da progresiulia, aq STamomavlobis princips upiratesobas aZleven
meore principze, teritoriis principze. germaniis principi lapa
rakobs, rom moqalaqe da misi Svili, sadac unda daibados is aris im
saxelmwifos moqalaqe, saidanac gamosuli aris. am princips aqvs upi
ratesoba, sakonstitucio komisiam upirvelesad yovlisa miaqcia yur
adReba am princips. saqarTvelos moqalaqis Svili, vambobT Cven, sadac
unda daibados, aq Tu sazRvar-gareT, saqarTvelos moqalaqe mamisagan
Sobili aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
moqalaqeobas aqvs ori mxare: erTi is, rodesac ibadeba moqalaqeo
ba, meore is, rodesac ikargeba es moqalaqeoba.
pirvel yovlisa dabadebiT moipoveba moqalaqeoba, meore qor
winebiT. magaliTad saqarTvelos moqalaqe iTxovs ucxo saxelmwifos
qals colad, misi coli xdeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT. Semdeg natu
ralizaciiT, SvilebiT. mag. iSvileb ucxo tomis bavSvs, romelic xde
ba Cveni moqalaqe. rogor ikargeba moqalaqeoba? ikargeba igi natu
ralizaciiT sxva saxelmwifoSi, qorwinebiT da sxv.
aq saintereso aris dapirispireba Cveni moqalaqisa da ucxoeli
sa. ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris? zogierTni, gansakuTrebiT eserebi,
kritikas ukeTeben Cvens kanons. yvelas unda mivceT uflebao, unda
gavaTanasworoTo. Cven ki vzRudavT, kedels vaSenebT, varCevT _ es
ucxoelia, es Cveni moqalaqeao da sx. es didi seriozuli sakiTxia da
ese gadawyveta misi, rom yvela adamianebi varT da Tanaswori ufleba
373
mivceT yvelas, raki aq arian unda miiRon monawileoba yvelam Tanasw
oraTo _ SeuZlebelia, es iqneba darRveva yovelive saxelmwifoebri
obisa da es Cven ar SegviZlian.
ratom varT winaaRmdegi, rom ucxoels hqondes iseTive ufle
ba, rogoric aqvs Cvens moqalaqes? Cven vambobT, rom mivceT aseTi
uflebebi ucxoelT, romelnic Semovlen aq saqarTveloSi _ ufleba
politikuri, SesaZlebelia saxelmwifoSi sruli arev-dareva moxdes.
warmoidgineT, rom yvela ruseTidan CamosulT, yvela germanels, an
ingliselebs, romelnic arian aq, yvelas mivceT ufleba, rom Cven saqme
Si, Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi monawileoba miiRon, rogorc Cven mkvidrT,
adgilobriv mcxovrebT, es SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia maT imuSaon da
ikanonmdeblon aq, sanam moqalaqeni ar gamxdaran.
rac Seexeba moqalqobriv uflebebs, am sferoSi Cven maT vaTanas
worebT. xolo politikur uflebiT sargeblobisTvis moqalaqed
gaxdomaa saWiro. es ki ucxoels SeuZlia naturalizaciiT. saWiroa
erTgvari staJis gavla, romlis Semdeg ucxoeli moipovebs Cven mo
qalaqeobas.
qalis da kacis uflebebze msjeloben aq. warsul krebaze, ro
gorc maxsovs, eserebma ganacxades qalis Sesaxeb, viTom Cveni azriT
qali nivTi iyos, ucxoelze gaTxovebisas rogor SeiZleba dakargos
Cveni moqalaqeobao. es batonebo, Cveni mogonili ki ar aris, Cven ra
Tqma unda momxreni varT Tanawor uflebebisa, magram SeuZlebelia im
faqtis uaryofa, rom ucxoeTSi gaTxovili qali Sordeba Tavis pir
vandel samSoblos da kargavs faqtiurad Tavis pirvandel moqalaqeo
bas. Cveni moqalaqe qali, rom gaTxovdes safrangeTSi, parizSi, ruseT
Si dastovebs Tu ara is faqtiurad Cvens moqalaqeobas? TavisTavad
cxadia, dastovebs. Tu Cven davavalebT mas, rom uTuod saqarTvelos
moqalaqed darCes, es ganuxorcielebeli da uazro davaleba iqneba.
is mohyveba qmars, mas aqvs erTgvari ojaxuri urTierToba qmarTan,
aqedan ibadeba mravali vadebuloba, movaleoba, ufleba-memkvidreo
ba, mokled saojaxo uflebebi da valdebulebebi, yvela es Zalaunebu
rad boWavs mas. Zalian iSviaTi iqneba, rom Cvenma moqalaqe qalma, ucxo
elis colma, moiTxovos _ „ar minda qmris qveSevrdomoba, minda davrCe
pirvandel qveSevrdomobaSio“. es iSviaTi movlena aris da roca es
xdeba, xdeba yovelTvis an ganqorwinebis, an daqvrivebis Semdeg. maSin
mas SeuZlia daubrundes pirvandel qveSevrdomobas. saerTod umetes
SemTxvevaSi qali iZens qmris qveSevrdomobas, moqalaqeobas.
saqarTveloSi rogori mdgomareoba iyo? saqarTvelo ar iyo
guSin saxelmwifo, is xelmeored gaCnda dRes, gamoacxada Tavis Tavi
saxelmwifod 26 maiss. maSasadame mas, rogorc saxelmwifos, hqon
da ori movaleoba am sakiTxSi. erTis mxriv unda moenaxa saxelmwi
foebrivi safuZveli moqalaqeobisa, meores mxriv Cveulebrivi wesi
egredwodebul moqalaqeobis mopoebisa da SeZenisa daekanonebina.
pirveli man Seasrula pirveli kanoniT erovnul sabWoSi. axla Cven
374
amas vavsebT meore Cveulebrivi, moqalaqeobis Cveulebrivi miRebis,
mopoebis da dakargvis wesebiT. pirveli kanoni ras ambobs amis Sesaxeb
Tqven kargad gaxsovT.
pirveli kanoni ambobs, rom yvela moqalaqe, yvela mkvidri saqa
rTvelos respublikisa, aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, mxolod mkvidri
gvesmoda da exlac gvesmis mcxovrebi, gansakuTrebiT miwerilni ama
Tu im administratiul erTeulze 19 ivnisamde 1914 wlisa. umetesoba
mTeli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa am kanoniT amoiwureba. am kanonis
farglebSi arian. magram batonebo, am kanonis gareSe darCa kidev erT
gvari kategoriebi xalxisa, qarTvelni da ara-qarTvelni, romelnic
saqarTvelos moqalaqeT CaiTvlebian Tu kanoni amas gamoacxadebs. ai
aseTi qarTvelni, aseTi ara-qarTvelni arian da Cven vambobT: yvela
ara qarTvelni, qveSevrdomni yofil ruseTis imperiisa, romelnic 19
ivniss 1914 wlamde, ukanaskneli 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi scxovrobdnen
saqarTveloSi _ Cairicxebian saqarTvelos moqalaqeT, Tu 3 Tvis gan
mavlobaSi im kanonis gamocxadebis Semdeg ganacxadebs, rom mas surs
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba.
ibadeba sakiTxi, ratom aris 1914 weliwadi aRebuli. es omis data
aris; omis Semdeg moxda didi gadatrialeba, xalxis gadasvla-gad
mosvla, gadasaxleb-gadmosaxleba. ltolvilni bevri gadmosaxldnen,
aman ariv-daria saqme, amitom ganisazRvra es omiT. omamde SedarebiT
normaluri mdgomareoba iyo. am normalur mdgomareobaSi Tu scx
ovrobda vinme ganuwyvetliv 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi e. i. 1912 wlidan,
is aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe Tu ganacxada, rom mas surs es. garda
amisa ibadeba sakiTxi, 1914 wlis Semdeg SeiZleba dabinavda vinme aq
qveSevrdomi yofili ruseTisa. ra vqnaT am SemTxvevaSi? uarvyoT
maTi survili, rom gaxdnen Cveni moqalaqeni? Cven vambobT, _ yvela
qveSevrdomi yofil ruseTis imperiisa, romelic akmayofilebs Sem
deg pirobebs: saqarTveloSi scxovrobs 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarT
velos teritoriaze SeuZenia uZravi qoneba, an da scxovrobs Tavisi
SromiT da imave dros 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganacxadebs, rom mas surs
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba _ aseTi yofili ruseTis qveSevrdomi gax
deba Cveni moqalaqe.
erTi kategoriaa is, romelsac 1914 wlamde 3 weliwadi unda ecx
ovra, meore kategorias SeiZleba Semdegac ecxovra, magram aq cotaTi
gaZnelebulia miRebis pirobebi.
mesame kategoria Seexeba qarTvelebs, romelTac surT Cveni mo
qalaqeoba, magram pirvel muxlis kanonis ZaliT ar arian miweril
ni. maTze Cven vambobT: _ qarTvelebi, yofili ruseTis imperiis qve
Sevrdomni, sadac unda iyvnen isini sul erTia, am pirobebis gareSec
iqmnebian miRebulni saqarTvelos moqalaqed, mxolod es survili maT
unda gamoucxadon sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, Tu ruseTSi arian maxlo
bel konsuls da Tu saqarTveloSi _ momrigebel mosamarTles. aq erTi
sakiTxi ibadeba: gancxadeba vis unda miscen magaliTad yofil ruseTis
375
qveSevrdomebma, romelnic moisurveben saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas?
amis Sesaxeb Cven vlaparakobT: saumjobesoa gancxadebis pirobebis
Sesaxeb dokumentebi waredginos momrigebel mosamarTles. momrige
beli mosamarTle ganixilavs formalur mxriv da Tu is akmayofilebs
gansazRvrul pirobebs, _ miscems mowmobas, rom is aris saqarTvelos
moqalaqe. ai es aris yvela is muxlebi, romelic Seexeba ara-Cveule
briv, ara-normalur wesebs.
magram meores mxriv kanon-proeqti Seexeba sazogadod imas, Tu
rogor SeiZineba saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba da rogor daikargeba is.
moqalaqeoba SeiZineba dabadebiT. Cven vambobT: Sobili saqarTvelos
respublikis moqalaqe mamisagan, rogorc saqarTveloSi ise saqarTve
los gareT, aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. es aris sisxlis anu STamomav
lobis principi. Cveni moqalaqis Svili, sadac unda daibados, agreTve
coli an qvrivi saqarTvelos moqalaqisa aris Cveni moqalaqe. Semdeg
qorwinebis gareSe dabadebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqisgan aris saqa
rTvelos moqalaqe. deda Tu aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, misi Svili,
qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe Sobili aris Cveni saqarTvelos
moqalaqe. Semdeg Cven SegviZlian warmovidginoT, rom saqarTvelos
moqalaqe qali gaTxovda ucxoeTSi, magram qmari gardaicvala da is
dabrunda isev samSobloSi, moindoma dabrunebisas aRdgena Tavis
pirvandeli moqalaqeobisa. mas unda mieces ufleba moqalaqeobisa.
garda amisa Cven vambobT: Cveni moqalaqe ucxoeTSi gaTxovili qalis
misi uwlovano Svilebi, ganqorwinebis Tu daqvrivebis Semdeg, Cven
moqalaqeT Cairicxebian Tu isini erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi dasrulw
lovanebis Semdeg ar ganacxadeben, rom isini SeinarCuneben mamis qve
Sevrdomobas. aq aris teritorialuri principis SemoReba, mxolod
SezRudviT.
garda amisa aris egred wodebuli naturalizacia ucxoeTis qve
Sevrdomisa, anda uqveSevrdomosi. isini SeiZenen, moipoveben moqa
laqeobas naturalizaciis wesiT. ras niSnavs es? es niSnavs imas, rom
moqalaqe, ucxo qveSevrdomi, anda uqveSevrdomo, Tu imas ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi ucxovria Cvens teritoriaze ganuwyvetliv, aRZravs
Suamdgomlobas, rom miiRos qveSevrdomoba saqarTveloSi. am Sua
mdgomlobis Semdeg gadis ori weliwadi da amis Semdeg mas mieniWeba
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba, Tu igi mavne piri ar aris saxelmwifosT
vis, sazogadoebisTvis. saerTod sami weliwadi gamodis natural
izaciisTvis.
vin aniWebs mas? sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebSi sxva da sxva azria, sxva
da sxva wesia amis Sesaxeb. bevrgan parlamenti swyvets am sakiTxs natu
ralizaciisas. bevrgan aRmasrulebeli Zala-uflebiT aRWurvili or
gano, mTavroba, an prezidenti adgens amas. Cven vRebulobT sxva siste
mas. Cvenis azriT, adgilobriv TviTmmarTveloba Rebulobs Txovnebs
moqalaqis naturalizaciis Sesaxeb. igive TviTmmarTveloba, adgilo
brivi TviTmmarTvelobis sabWo swyvets sakiTxs naturalizaciisas,
376
ucxo moqalaqis Cven moqalaqed gadaqcevisas. garda amisa Cven viciT,
rom aris ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli, ara ruseTis saxelmwifos qve
Sevrdomi, moqalaqe sxva romelime saxelmwifosi. aseTebisTvis Cven
erTgvar gamonakliss vakeTebT. roca aseTi qarTveli moisurvebs saqa
rTvelos qveSevrdomobas, Cven SeiZleba ar miviRoT naturalizaciis
yvela piroba, vadis aRuniSvnelad SegviZlian miviRoT, Tu ganacxa
debs, rom mas surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. sparseTSi an sxva rome
lime saxelmwifoSi aris qarTveli qveSevrdomi am ucxo saxelmwifosi,
man gamoacxada _ minda saqarTvelos qveSevrdomobao, Cven vacxadebT,
rom SeiZleba aseTi qarTvelisTvis vada ar miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, an
SevamciroT. es erTi.
meore. SegviZlia gansakuTrebuli pirobebi miviRoT iseTi pire
bisTvis, romelTac raime Rvawli miuZRvis saxelmwifos winaSe. aseTi
RvawliT mosili piri, ucxoeli, SeiZleba miviRoT aq vadis mouTx
ovnelad an misi SemcirebiT.
amgvaria moqalaqeobis mopoveba.
rac Seexeba moqalaqeobis dakargvas, es aq ufro mokled aris aR
niSnuli. upirveles yovlisa hkargavs Cven saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas
is, vinc naturalizaciis wesiT moipovebs moqalaqeobas ucxo saxelm
wifoSi. magaliTad Tu Cvenma moqalaqem moipova, vsTqvaT safrangeT
Si, an azerbaijanSi, an somxeTSi moqalaqeoba, is amiT hkargavs Cvens
moqalaqeobas. aris meore wesi moqalaqeobis dakargvisa. es gaxlavT
gaTxoveba moqalaqe qalisa ucxoeTSi da ucxoelze. igi hkargavs Cven
moqalaqeobas. magram aq erTs kompromiss vakeTebT, vuSvebT patara ga
monakliss imis gamo, rom aseT qals ufleba eZleva survili ganacxados
saqarTvelos moqalaqed darCenisa. aq SeiZleba daibados konfliqti
im saxelmwifosTan, romlis moqalaqesac misTxovda Cveni saxelmwifos
moqalaqe qali. SeiZleba es saxelmwifo sul sxva kanonmdeblobas ad
gia. SeiZleba man sTqvas: raki igi Cveni moqalaqis colia, maSasadame
Cven moqalaqed unda gaxdeso. aseTi konfliqti SeiZleba, magram amis
gamosworebas Cven vandobT TviTon qalis nebas. es qalma unda gadas
wyvitos. Tu SeiZleba gaTxovdes ucxoelze da amave dros darCes Cven
moqalaqed, amis sawinaaRmdego araferi gveqneba. Tu ucxo saxelmwi
fos kanonis ZaliT qals SeuZlia iyos ucxoel moqalaqis coli da
imave dros iyos Cveni moqalaqe, TavisTavad cxadia, konfliqti aRar
iqneba. garda amisa hkargavs moqalaqeobas is, vinc ucxo saxelmwifos
samsaxurSi Cairicxeba mTavrobis daukiTxavad. aseTi pirni Cven moqa
laqeebad ver iqnebian. amgvarad aris aRniSnuli moqalaqeobis mopove
bis wesi erTi mxriT da meores mxriT dakargvis wesi. am mokle Ses
avalis Semdeg neba miboZeT wavikiTxo kanoni moqalaqeobisa. rogorc
giTxariT, aq gadmotanilia yvela is muxlebi, romelic aRniSnuli iyo
pirvel kanonSi erovnul sabWos mier miRebulSi.
aq kidev gamorCa ori ram. erTi is, rom ori moqalaqeoba akrZalu
lia Cveni kanonmdeblobiT. is moqalaqe, romelic sxva saxelmwifos mo
377
qalaqe aris, Cveni qveSevrdomi ver iqneba. Cven is gvainteresebs, rom
ucxo qveSevrdomi ar iyos Cveni qveSevrdomi. es dabadebs did uxerxu
lobas, did saSiSroebas, SeiZleba saxelmwifuri saidumloeba waiRos
aqedan, SeiZleba Cveni uflebiT isargeblos da araviTari movaleoba
ar Seasrulos. meores mxriv, rogorc wined mogaxseneT, politikuri
ufleba aqvs mxolod moqalaqes.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ivane gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
socialistebs, romlebic Seadgenen damfuZnebel krebis did um
ravlesobas, ar unda sWirdebodes Tavis mtvreva moqalaqeobis sakiTx
is ganxilvis dros, magram savalaloc is aris, rom Cven ver SevTanxm
diT Tavidan am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. marTalia, istoria Cven mraval
magaliTebs gvaZlevs imisas, Tu rogor iqceoda ama Tu im dros mTav
roba sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebSi, romelTa farglebSi ramodenime
eri mosaxleobda: aseT SemTxvevaSi mTavroba xan erTs eyrdnobida,
xan meores, erTi meoreze gadaakidebda da TviTon ki yovelTvis ba
tonobda, magram, me mgoni, rom revoliuciur cecxlis alSi Sobili
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika da misi damfuZnebeli kreba
ver ixelmZRvanelebs da arc unda ixelmZRvanelos istoriis aseTi
magaliTebiT. me unda ganvacxado Tqvens winaSe, rom am kanon-proeqts
SedarebiT im kanonTan, romelic erovnul sabWos mier miRebuli iyo
1918 wlis 16 ivliss, didi progresi emCneva, magram es kanon-proeqti
savsebiT Cven mainc ver gvakmayofilebs.
Cvens fraqcias pirdapir miuReblaT miaCnia mTeli pirveli nawi
li am kanon-proeqtisa. as welze metia, rac saqarTvelo, rogorc da
moukidebeli saxelmwifo, ar arsebobda. am xnis ganmavlobaSi bevri
ram Seicvala _ saqarTveloSi, dasaxlden sxva da sxva erebis Svile
bi. qarTveli eris demokratia mudam ZmuraT scxovrobda sxva eris
demokratiasTan, radgan maT sadao da gasayofi araferi hqondaT. am
movlenas winaT TiTqmis yoveli socialisturi partia, romelic mo
qmedebda saqarTveloSi, xazgasmiT aRniSnavda xolme da saqveynoT
acxadebda, rom is erTnairad icavs saqarTveloSi mobinadre yvela
eris mSromelTa interesebs. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxa
debis Semdeg-ki zogierT socialistur partiebma Tavis Zvel social
istur tradiciebs uRalates da TavianTi internacionaluri dro
Sa Sescvales nacionalisturi droSiT. rasakvirvelia, amas Tavis
mizezebi aqvs. magram exla amaze ar Rirs laparaki. me minda aRvniSno
is, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg Cvenma
social-demokratiul partiam savsebiT SeiTvisa buneba nacionalu
ri partiebis, romelic qveynis da xalxis xsnas da Svelas erTa sol
idarobaSi ki ar eZeben, aramed iseT pirobebis SeqmnaSi, romlebic
erTa Soris SuRlsa da mtrobas niadags umzadeben. am Cems azrs savse
biT adasturebs pirveli nawili moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtisa, rom
liTac erTgvari privilegia eniWeba im ers, romelic umravlesobas
378
Seadgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze (gvazava: sad aris es privile
gia?) (arseniZe: es privilegia ki ar aris, movaleobaa). me ar mesmis, ro
meli uflebiT SegviZlia visargebloT da vixelmZRvaneloT, rodesac
Cven, respublikis daarsebisTanave, Cvens teritoriaze mosaxle erebs
vyobT sxva da sxva kategoriebaT da erTs ers sxva erebTan SedarebiT
vaniWebT upiratesobas? Cveni saxelmwifos damoukidebloba mxolod
SarSan gamocxadda, moqalaqeebi mas mxolo exla uCndeba. Cven axlo
warsulSi damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebiT ar gvicx
ovria da amitom ar SegviZlia gadaWriT vsTqvaT, rom esa Tu is eri,
romelic scxovrobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze, naklebi ndobis Rir
sia, radganac is ar aris dainteresebuli saqarTvelos respublikis
arseba-ganmtkicebaSio. me SemiZlia Tamamad ganvacxado, rom arc erTi
eris umravlesobas, e. i. arc erTi eris demokratias, romelic scxov
robs saqarTveloSi, ar Caudenia araviTari danaSauli saqarTvelos
norC demokratiul respublikis winaSe da amitom saqarTveloSi mo
saxle yovel eris interesebi TanasworaT unda iyos daculi moqalaqe
obis kanonSi. SesaZlebelia Cven didi politikosebi viyveT da raRac
uZlieresi saxelmwifos Seqmnas vlamobdeT da amitom gvsurs davey
rdnoT Cveni saxelmwifos Senebis dros mxolod erT ers. me vityvi,
rom es yovlad SeuZlebelia; isini, vinc fiqrobs, rom CvenSi erT erze
dayrdnobiT SeiZleba respublikis arsebobis SenarCuneba da ganmt
kiceba, Zlier scdebian. swored aseTi pirebia, rom Zirs uTxrian Cvens
saxelmwifos da ara sasurvel momavals umzadeben mas.
1918 wlis 26 maisamde saqarTvelos respublika ar arsebobda,
saqarTvelos teritoriaze ki scxovrobden qarTvelebi, somxebi,
TaTrebi, berZnebi da sxvebi. isini TiTqmis yvela ruseTis saxelm
wifos qveSevdomebi iyven da xeli xel Cakidebuli erTad, ZmuraT
ibrZodnen ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg. ra moxTa 26 maiss?
is, rom gansazRvruli teritoria gamocxadebul iqna damoukidebel
saxelmwifoT _ saqarTvelos demokratiul resublikaT. exla me Tqven
gekiTxebiT, vis aqvs ufleba Tavis Tavi CaTvalos am axali respublik
is moqalaqed? yvela imas, vinc scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritori
aze ganurCevlad erovnebisa, sqesisa da sarwmunoebisa. sxvanairaT ver
imsjelebs aramc Tu socialisti, aramed ubralo demokratic (xmau
robaa. Tavmjdomare _ zari). jer me kidev ar damikargavs imedi, rom
ruseTis didma revoliuciam saqarTvelos TavisuflebasTan erTad
misca revoliucionuri damfuZnebeli kreba. amas me vambob imitom,
rom aq umravlesoba Tavis Tavs socialistebaT sTvlis (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare: zari. umorCilesad gTxovT, adgilidan nu inebebT
laparaks.
ivane gobeCia. rogori replikebiTac ar unda gamimaspinZldeT, me
mainc vacxadeb, rom krebis wevrTa umravlesoba Tavis Tavs social
istebs uwodebs da sanam socialistobaze xeli ar auRia, me ufleba
maqvs maT meti movsTxovo. marTalia, umravlesobis fraqciam bevri
379
iseTi Secdoma Caidina, rac socialists, SeiZleba, ar epatiebodes,
magram Cven am Secdomebs ki ar vafarebT xels, aramed am tribunidan
vakritikebT. rodesac gamocxadebul iqna saqarTvelos damoukide
bloba, maSin Cven ar vicodiT, vin iyo gulwrfeli momxre saqarTve
los damoukideblobisa. ar SeiZleba usabuTod ama Tu im piris, ama
Tu im eris gulSi faTuri. SesaZlebelia sxva tomis, sxva eris Svili
aTasjer ufro momxre iyos saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa, vidre
zogierTi Svili TviT qarTveli erisa. Tqvenc ar uaryofT imas, rom
qarTvel erSi moipoveba bevri iseTi piri, romelic sruliad ar sc
nobs saqarTvelos damoukideblobas. aviRoT, magaliTad, qarTveli
bolSevikebi. isini arc wineT iyvnen da arc exla arian saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis momxreni, magram Cven maTTvis moqalaqeobis ufle
ba ar agviyria da, SesaZlebelia, zogierTi imaTgani monawileobasac
iRebda damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebSi (xma: cixeebSi isxdnen). diax,
cixeebSic isxdnen, magram yvelas cixeebi xom ver Caitevda da amitom
moqalaqeobis uflebiTac SeeZlo bevrs maTgans esargebla. maSasa
dame, rogor unda gavigoT Cven deda-azri am moqalaqeobis kanon-pro
eqtisa? simZimis centri aq saqarTvelos damoukideblobis momxreo
baSia, Tu qarTvelobaSi? me gadaWriT vacxadeb, Tu Cven aseTnair
kanons gasavali miveciT saqarTveloSi, cuds samsaxurs gauwevT Cvens
respublikas (arseniZe: privilegia, rom ver vnaxe?) moTmineba iqonieT
da mogaxsenebT, b-no arseniZev! Tu didi revoliuciis Sedegia Cveni
damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva, Tu revoliuciam misca Tavisufleba da
damoukidebloba saqarTvelos, Tu revoliuciaSi yvela eris revoli
ucionuri demokratia iRebda monawileobas, me mgoni, revoliucio
nerebi da socialistebi am damfuZnebel krebaSi moqalaqeobis kano
nis SemuSavebis dros ar unda xelmZRvanelobden imiT, Tu romel ers
ekuTvnis is piri, romelic scxovrobs Cveni respublikis farglebSi;
da unda aniWebden amis mixedviT mxolod erTs ers sxva da sxva privi
legiebs (xma: sad aris es?) mogaxsenebT. moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtis
pirvel muxlSi naTqvamia, rom „saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub
likis moqalaqeT CaiTvleba yoveli mkvidri, romelic miwerili iyo
respublikis teritoriis romelsame administratiul erTeulze
1914 wlis ivlisis 19-amde“, ratom 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde da ara
1918 wlis maisis 26-amde? 1914 wlis 19 ivlisi _ es ra dataa, ar mesmis
(arseniZe: ar gesmiT?). ara, me kargaT mesmis rom 1914 wlis 19 ivliss
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ar arsebobda da am datas ar
aviTari kavSiri ar aqvs saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis
dResTan. me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ratom ar unda CaiTvalos saqarTvelos
respublikis moqalaqeT is mkvidri, romelic miwerili iyo respub
likis romelsame administratiul erTeulebze 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918
wlebis 19 ivlisamde (xma: 1920 wels) 1920 wels soc.-demokratebi, al
baT, miiReben iseT kanons, romliTac moqalaqeobis uflebas waarT
meven imaTTac ki, vinc iyo miwerili romelsame administratiul er
380
Teulze 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde (sicili. zari). 1914 wlis ivlisis
19-is TariRi sruliad usafuZloT aris CaCxerili pirvel muxlSi,
TviT es muxli sruliaT zedmetia, radganac moqalaqeobis mopoebi
saTvs imas ki ar unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, iyo Tu ara esa
Tu is piri miwerili romelsame administratiul erTeulze, aramed
imas, scxovrobda Tu ara esa Tu is piri saqarTveloSi.
amitom Cveni fraqcia moiTxovs, rom pirveli muxli sruliad
amoRebul iqnes am kanon-proeqtidan.
kanon-proeqtis pirvel nawilis meore, mesame da meoTxe muxlebSi
aRniSnuli arian mxolod yofili ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomebi,
romlebTac eniWebaT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis ufleba. Cemis azriT
amis aRniSvna zedmetia, radganac Cven unda mivaniWoT moqalaqeobis
ufleba yvela pirT, _ yvela saxelmwifoTa qveSevrdomebs, romlebic
scxovroben saqarTveloSi, Tu isini uars ar ganacxadeben saqarTve
los moqalaqeobaze. kanon-proeqtis meore muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarT
velos moqalaqeoba SeuZlia moipovos yofil ruseTis imperiis yov
el qveSevrdomma, Tu ukanaskneli 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-de sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze,
e. i. Tu saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis msurveli piri ar aris qarTveli,
aris, magaliTad, berZeni, an TaTari, da is scxovrobda respublikis
teritoriaze 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-de ori weliwadi da TerTmeti
Tve, _ is ver eRirseba saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, radganac mas aklia
erTi Tve. veraviTari mosazrebiT ver gaamarTlebs demokrati, Tu is
miudgomelad ar imsjelebs, am muxlis moTxovnilebas. nu Tu yoveli
ara qarTveli, romelic 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde sam weliwadze na
klebi scxovrobda saqarTvelos tertoriaze, ar iqneba momxre Cveni
respublikis damoukideblobisa? ratom ggoniaT Tqven, rom yoveli
qarTveli, romelic 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde ganuwyvetliv, Tugind
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, usaTuod iqneba
momxre saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikis damoukidebel arse
bobisa? ramdenic unda ecadoT, am muxlis moTxovnilebis dasabuTebas
ver SesZlebT, radganac is metad xelovnuria, ara mizanSewonili da
antidemokratiuli, amitom is yovlad miuRebelia CvenTvis.
kanon-proeqtis mesame muxlSi ori moTxovnilebaa wamoyenebuli
im pirTaTvis, vinc saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas moisurvebs 1) unda
hqondes raime uZravi qoneba saqarTvelos respublikaSi, an Tavis Ta
vis saqirao SromiT sazrdoobdes da 2) ara nakleb sami wlisa ganu
wyvetliv scxovrobdes saqarTvelos teritoriaze. es muxlic CvenT
vis miuRebelia, radganac Cven qonebrivi cenzis winaaRmdegi varT da
yoveli socialisti, romelic Tavis mrwamss ar uRalatebs, am SemTx
vevaSi mainc qonebrivi cenzis dawesebis winaaRmdegi iqneba. amasTa
nave unda iTqvas isic, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze sami wliT cx
ovrebis xangrZlivobis moTxovnac usamarTlo iqneboda, radganac
erT weliwadze naklebia, rac TviT Cveni respublika arsebobs da Tu
381
usaTuod saWiroa moqalaqeobis mopoebisaTvis saqarTvelos teri
toriaze cxovrebis raime xangrZlivoba, es ukanaskneli, ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, ar unda aRematebodes TviT Cveni respublikis arsebo
bis dros. mesame muxli saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa gareSe dastovebs
agreTve sruliad usamarTlod iseT pirsac, romelic, sam wliwadic
rom scxovrobdes saqarTveloSi, mainc ver eRirseba saqarTvelos mo
qalaqeobas. aviRoT, magaliTad, mxatvari, romelic saqirao SromiT
ar irCens Tavs da arc uZravi qoneba aqvs, magram sami weliwadi scx
ovrobs saqarTveloSi da Tavs irCens Tavis nawarmoebis gayidvisagan
Semosul fulebiT. SeuZlia Tu ara mas, mesame muxlis mixedviT, gaxdes
saqarTvelos moqalaqed? rasakvirvelia ar SeuZlia.
exla Cven SevexebiT kanon-proeqtis im muxls, romelSiac win
daxedulia qarTvelebisaTvis privilegia. es aris mexuTe muxli, rom
lis ZaliT yofili ruseTis imperiis yoveli qveSevrdomi qarTveli
Caricxuli iqneba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT pirvel, meore da mesame
muxlebSi aRniSnul pirobaTa gareSec. marTalia, saqarTveloSi qa
rTveli eri mcxovrebTa udides nawils Seadgens, magram saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublika Tanasworad unda icavdes, rogorc um
ravlesobis eris, agreTve patara erebis interesebs, Tu ki isini moi
surveben saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSi cxovrebas. saqarTve
lo unda gaxdes namdvil dedaT da ara dedinacvlad mis farglebSi
mosaxle yvela erTa SvilebisaTvis, es muxli ki did gaugebrobas ga
moiwvevs, radganac is qmnis aSkara privilegias qarTvelTaTvis (ar
seniZe: es movaleobaa!) ara, batonebo, es movaleoba ki ar aris, priv
ilegia aris, radganac b-ni arseniZe ZaliT verc erTs qarTvels ver
gaxdis saqarTvelos moqalaqed (xma: raSia privilegia?). privile
gia imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mexuTe muxlis ZaliT, Tu romelime piri
arasodes ar yofila miwerili saqarTvelos teritoriis romelsame
administratiul erTeulze, Tu mas arasodes ar ucxovria saqarTve
loSi da arc uZravi qoneba aqvs mas saqarTveloSi, _ is mainc exlave
Cairicxeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT mxolod imitom, rom is qarTve
lia (kedia: waarTviT qarTveloba!). aseTi uflebiT am kanonis Zal
iT ver isargeblebs ucxo eris Svili, Tugind is exla saqarTveloSi
scxovrobdes, da ai amaSi mdgomareobs, Cvenis azriT, is privilegia,
romelzedac me Tqven mogaxseneT. istoriam icis iseTi magaliTic,
roca saxelmwifo ucxoelebsac aniWebda moqalaqeobas (xma: amer
ikaSi!). amerikaSi ki ara, safrangeTSi. is, vinc icnobs safrangeTis
revoliuciis istorias, daadasturebs imas, rom revoliucionur
safrangeTma moqalaqeobis ufleba mianiWa ucxoelebs da ucxoelebi
safrangeTis damfuZnebel krebaSic ki gaviden. aseT magaliTs adgi
li hqonda safrangeTis revoliuciis dros, rodesac revoliucio
nur safrangeTis saxelmwifo saWe xelT epyro burJuazias da nu Tu
Cveni socialisturi damfuZnebeli kreba ar mianiWebs moqalaqeobis
uflebas yovel ucxoels, romelic scxovrobs saqarTveloSi, romel
382
sac swams saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da romelsac surs saqarTve
los moqalaqeoba? ruseTis didma revoliuciam mogvaniWa Cven Tavi
sufleba, man Sva saqarTvelos damoukideblobac da Cvenc valdebuli
varT Cveni norCi saxelmwifos aRSenebis dros vixelmZRvaneloT Zve
li revoliuciis istoriiT da mivaniWoT CvenSi mcxovreb yvela ucxo
erTa Svilebs moqalaqeoba.
am kanon-proeqtis meore nawilSi Cvens fraqcias mxolod ori
cvlilebis Setana hsurs, magram, sanam am cvlilebebze mogaxsenebdeT,
erTs rames aRvniSnav. aq momxsenebelma b-n sayvareliZem sTqva, rom
wineT, rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba ixilavda moqalaqeobis damatebiT
kanon-proeqts, eserebis fraqciis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom
qali ar aris iseTi sagani, romelmac, Tu ucxoels misTxovda, dakar
gos Tavis Zveli moqalaqeoba da masze damokidebuli sxva uflebebio.
socialist-revoliucionerebi exlac am azrs icaven. qali Tu misTxo
vda ucxoels, Tavis adamianobas ar kargavs (xma: Cven viciT es). Tqven,
SesaZlebelia, es exla cotaT mainc gaigeT, magram wineT, rodesac Zvel
kanon-proeqts vixilavdiT, es ar gesmodaT. Tqvenis azriT, qarTveli
qali, Tu misTxovdeboda ucxoels, TiTqmis ukanaknelis mona Seiqne
boda da Tavis saqarTvelosadmi damokidebulebas radikalurad Ses
cvlida. Tqven am SemTxvevaSi gamodiodiT im Sexedulebidan, rom kaci
yovelTvis axdens qalze met gavlenas da amitom, Tu saqarTvelos mo
qalaqe qali ucxoels misTxovda, igi ver darCeba saqarTvelos erT
gul moqalaqed. adamianis ufleba moiTxovs imas, rom am SemTxvevaSi
TviT qals mieces TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, da Tu Tqven amas wineT ar
SvrebodiT, es imis momaswavebelia, rom Tqven ar gqondaT swori war
modgena qalze. arc is aris marTali, TiTqos coli yovelTvis ganic
dides qmris met gavlenas. piriqiT, xSirad qmari ganicdis colis met
gavlenas da iseT mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, romelsac rusebi uwodeben
„подъ башмакомъ“-s. aseT movlenis mixedviT, rom Cven kanonebi vsweroT,
maSin xom verc erTi saqarTvelos moqalaqe ver iTxovs ucxoel qals.
moqalaqeobis kanonSi Cven ar unda SevitanoT iseTi ram, rac adami
anis _ qalis Tu vaJis _ pirovnebas daamcirebs. aseTi muxli iyo Zvel
kanon-proeqtSi da amitom Cveni fraqcia iZulebuli iyo daecva qalis
uflebebi. am kanon-proeqts ki am mxriv erTgvari progresi daetyo,
radganac, meaTe muxlis ZaliT, qali, Tu ucxo qveSevrdoms misTxov
da, saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas hkargavs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is
ar ganacxadebs survils saqarTvelos moqalaqed darCenisas. b-n say
vareliZes arc exla aqvs swori warmodgena qalis uflebebze, radga
nac man meaTe muxlis ukanakneli paragrafi ise daasabuTa, TiTqos Cven
qalebs raRac SeRavaTs vaniWebT, rodesac Cven, ucxoelze miTxove
bis dros, qalis TviTgamorkvevis uflebas vaRiarebT moqalaqeobis
sakiTxSi. b-n sayvareliZem ganacxada, rom Cven cotaTi mainc unda ga
vafarTovoT qalis uflebebio. maSasadame b-n sayvareliZes ar miaCnia
sasurvelad da kanonierad qal-vaJTa uflebebis gaTanasworeba.
383
meSvide muxlis pirvel SeniSvnaSi sweria: „yoveli ucxo qveSevr
domi, romelsac raime TvalsaCino Rvawli miuZRvis respublikis wi
naSe Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv
moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv, SeiZleba am vadis (sami wlis) mouTxovne
ladac iqnes miRebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqed“. Cvenis azriT, aq zed
metia imis CamoTvla, Tu raSi unda gamoixatebodes ucxo moqalaqis
TvalsaCino Rvawli. amis gamorkveva Cven unda mivandoT adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobebs, romlebsac kanoniT dakisrebuli aqvT ucxoel
TaTvis naturalizaciis wesiT moqalaqeobis miniWeba.
Cveni fraqciis azriT agreTve sruliad unda amoRebul iqnes am
kanon-proeqtidan meSvide muxlis meore SeniSvna, sadac naTqvamia,
rom vadis mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTvelos mo
qalaqed yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli. es SeniSvnac awesebs
erTgvar privilegias qarTvelebisaTvis, rasac ar moiTxovs Cveni
saxelmwifos interesi da arc misi Rirseba. Tu Cven saerTod ucxo
saxelmwifoTa qveSevrdomobisagan naturalizaciiT saqarTvelos
moqalaqeobis mopoebisaTvis moviTxovT, rom isini sami wlis ganmav
lobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobden respublikis teritoriaze, ra
mosazrebiT unda gavanTavisufloT am moTxovnisagan ucxo saxel
mwifos qveSevrdomi qarTveli. aq mxolod erTi mosazrebis moyvana
SeiZleba, rom qarTveli tomiT, sisxliT, ufro gulwrfelad moi
survebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, vidre ucxo qveSevrdomi ara qa
rTveli. es, SesaZlebelia, asec moxdes momavalSi, magram ucxo qveynis
qveSevrdomi qarTveli, romelsac gulwrfelad surs saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba da uyvars saqarTvelo, aseT privilegias Tqvengan ar
moiTxovs, is am SemTxvevaSi saerTo wess daemorCileba. Cven ki, Tu
mxolod ucxo qveSevrdom qarTvelTaTvis SemoviReT aseTi advili
wesi saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis mopoebisa, amiT Cven saqarTvelos
bevrs verafers SevmatebT, magram Cveni damoukideblobis mtrebs ki
vaTqmevinebT... (arseniZe: amisa geSinian?) Tqven rom arafris geSini
aT, miTxariT, ra gagikeTebiaT saqarTvelos keTildReobisaTvis, b-no
arseniZe? (xmaurobaa. zari). aseTi muxlis miRebiT Cven vaTqmevinebT
saqarTvelos damoukidebel arsebobis mtrebs, rom qarTvelebma Se
qmnes ara saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika, aramed qarTvel
TaTvis nacionalisturi respublikao.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia am kanon-proeqtis mTeli
pirveli nawilis nacvlad adgens mxolod or martiv muxls, romelTa
miReba krebis mier daakmayofilebs yovel socialists Tu ki ukanask
neli mxolod sityviT ar aris socialisti; agreTve Cven mier krebi
saTvis warsadgenad ganzraxul muxlebma unda daakmayofilos yoveli
demokrati, romelic gulwrfeli momxrea Cveni respublikis damou
kideblobisa da misi gajansaReba-gamagrebisa.
Cvenis azriT moqalaqeobis kanonis pirveli muxli unda iqnes aseT
nairi: „saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikis moqalaqeT CaiTvleba
384
yoveli piri, romelic scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze am kan
onis gamoqveynebamde, Tu is sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis
gamoqveynebisa ar ganacxadebs uars saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze.“ (ar
seniZe: inglisis jaric?).
ara, b-no arseniZe, inglisis jaris kaci ver gaxdeba saqarTvelos
moqalaqeT, radganac es windaxedulia kanon-proeqtis meore nawilis
meaTe muxlSi, romlis ZaliT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas hkargavs,
vinc ucxo samsaxurSi iTvleba.
meore muxli unda iqnes aseTi: „pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxa
deba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic
saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze uaris mTqmelT aRniSnavs gansakuTre
bul wignSi.“
sakonstitucio komisiis kanon-proeqtis mixedviT momrigebel
mosamarTlesTan gancxadebis Setana savaldebuloa im pirTaTvis,
romlebsac hsurT saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. socialist-revoli
ucionerTa fraqciis winadadebiT gancxadebis Setana savaldebuloa
mxolod imisTvis, visac ar surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Cven mier
wamoyenebuli wesi ufro gauadvilebs xalxs moqalaqeobis mopoebas,
sakonstitucio komisiis mier miRebuli wesi-ki sruliad usafuZvloT
Seaviwrovebs am SemTxvevaSi xalxs. sxvas, rom Tavi davaneboT, qaRal
di exla respublikaSi Zlier cotaa da masTan erTad Zviri da misi
tyuila-ubraloT gafuWebas arc saxelmwifos interesi moiTxovs.
dasasrul unda ganvacxado, rom socialist-revoliucionerTa
fraqcias Seaqvs sakonstitucio komisiis kanon-proeqtSi is cvlile
bebi, romlebzedac me Tqven mogaxsenebT, da darwmunebulia, rom is,
vinc angariSs uwevs mSromelTa interess, mxars dauWers da xmas mis
cems im or muxls moqalaqeobis kanonisas, romlebic me Tqven wagikiTx
eT da romlebic miRebul unda iqnes nacvlad sakonstitucio komisiis
kanon-proeqtis pirveli nawilisa.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri arseniZe.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cveni fraqcia mxars uWers am kanons da mxars uWers swored mis pirvel
nawils Semdeg mosazrebiT.
saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia iyos dayrdnobili iseT elementebze,
romelic ar aris gamorkveuli da Camoyalibebuli da romelTa Ses
axeb saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian sTqvas, Tu vis ekuTvnis esa Tu is mo
qalaqe, _ mas Tu sxva romelime saxelmwifos. gansakuTrebiT ar Seu
Zlian mis Semdeg, rac mas aqvs sjuli, suverenuli kanonmdeblobiTi
dawesebuleba. gaurkvevloba dasaSvebia kidev, rodesac droebiTi
mTavrobaa, an droebiTi mdgomareoba. magram, rodesac ukve arCeulia
sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba, gana SegviZlian Cven mivmarToT Cven
amomrCevlebs da uTxraT: vin icis, Cveni moqalaqe xarT Tu ara? es
yovlad warmoudgenelia. aseTi saxelmwifo Searyevda im safuZvels,
romelzedac sdgas. (gobeCia: „es Tqvenis azriT“) rasakvirvelia, so
385
cial-demokratebis azriT, da ara eserebis azriT, da gansakuTrebiT
gobeCias azriT.
raze unda aSendes saxelmwifo? arsebobs ori principi, _ teri
torialuri da sisxlis, STamomavlobis principi. Cven kanon-proeqt
Si miRebuli aris pirveli principi, rogorc mTavari RerZi: vinc am
teritoriaze cxovrobs, da masTan dakavSirebulia, _ gavliT ki ara,
aramed mudmivaT, romelic Tavis interesebs ukavSirebs am saxelmwi
fos, am teritoriis interesebs, _ is, cxadia, aris moqalaqe im saxelm
wifosi, im organizmisa, romelic am teritoriaze warmoiSva. cxadia,
sxva gvari warmodgena saxelmwifosi, da saxelmwifo organizmisa ar
SeiZleba. yvela saxelmwifo am principiT, am wesiT aris aSenebuli da
Cven ar SegviZlia raime gamonaklisi SevqnaT.
rom es ZiriTadi principi aris am proeqtisa, amaze didi dava ar
unda iyos. miuxedavaT imisa, rom qadagoben: Tqven nacionalur prin
cipze dgexarTo, me vamtkiceb, rom es kanon-proeqti sdgas terito
rialur principze, e. i. is aRiarebs moqalaqed yvelas ganurCevlad,
vinc ki scxovrobs, da vinc dakavSirebulia am teritoriasTan. ma
gram mxolod es, rom gveTqva, mxolod principi rom gveRiarebina,
_ e.i. gveTqva: „moqalaqea is, vinc dakavSirebuli aris am terito
riasTan“ _ verc erTi iuristi, da verc aRmasrulebeli organo ver
gamoarkvevda imas, Tu vin aris dakavSirebuli, Cven qveyanasTan da
vin ara. maSasadame, aq mTavari movaleoba kanonmdeblobisa iyo: _
gamoenaxa, gamoerkvia gansakuTrebuli elementi, niSani, romliTac
yovel kacs SeeZlo gaego, _ es adamiani aris marTlac dakavSirebu
li am teritoriasTan da es ki ara. SeiZleba yvela elementebi ver
davimuSaveT, SeiZleba sxva romelime wevrma ukeTesi niSani gvaCve
nos, _ Cven mas miviRebT. magram, Cven sxva ver movnaxeT, Cven movnax
eT erTi momenti. es gaxlavT is, rom Tu adamiani aris guberniisa,
soflis sazogadoebisa, man amiT, cxadia gaiziara erTeulebis bedi,
da roca es gubernia, mazra, da soflis sazogadoeba gamocxadda da
moukidebel respublikad, _ misi wevri gamocxadda damoukidebel
respublikis wevrad, mis moqalaqed. es udao debulebaa yvelgan. aq
aris gansazRvruli erTgvari obieqturi elementi, romelSiac sub
ieqturi nebisyofac gamoixateba imiT, rom winaTac dakavSirebuli
iyo am teritoriasTan.
es aris obieqtiuri niSani, romliTac utyuarad SegviZlian gavig
oT, _ es adamiani marTlac aris dakavSirebuli am teritoriasTan, Tu
ara. danarCeni muxlebi warmoadgenen damatebas. zogierTebma SesaZle
belia, ar aasrules es forma, ar mieweren teritorialur erTeuls,
magram Cven sxva niSnebiT SegviZlian gavigoT, rom isini dakavSire
bulni arian am teritoriasTan. magaliTad 7-8 weliwadi scxovroben
ganuwyvetliv aq, ara omianobis dros, imitom rom is SeiZleba gawveu
li yofiliyo frontze, magram misi ojaxi scxovrobda aq. aseT pirs
Cven vsTvliT Cven moqalaqed, mas aqvs arsebiTi kavSiri Cven terito
386
riasTan da Tu mas surs, SeuZlian darCes Cven moqalaqed. aqac sadao
araferia. es aSkara teritorialuri principia.
Semdegi muxli ambobs uZrav qonebaze. e.i. Tu vinme wined CamoT
vlil pirobebs ar akmayofilebs, magram qoneba SeuZenia, saxli, kari,
mamuli Tu sxva, is iolad ver moSordeba am qonebas, is, ase vsTqvaT, da
fuZnebulia aq. da vinc dafuZnda aq, mas aqvs sruli ufleba moqalaqeo
ba miiRos, pirdapir da udaod moqalaqis uflebiT aRiWurvos da mo
valeobac aasrulos. da ai es aris mTavari RerZi am kanon-proeqtisa.
rac Seexeba imas, rom zogierT pirobebSi qals miveciT erTgvari
SeRavaTi, rom SeeZlos Cveni moqalaqeobis miReba, _ aqac igive teri
torialuri principia daculi. garda amisa es SezRudva ki ar aris, es
Tavis movaleobis asrulebaa da aqac kanon-proeqti eyrdnoba imave ni
Sans. mesame niSnad miviReT, marTalia erovneba, magram arsebiTad igic
teritorialuri aris. yvela qarTveli, romelic ruseTSi scxovrobs,
ruseTis romelsame alagas, warmoSobiT ki aqauria, saqarTvelodan
gadasaxlebula, aqedan wasula an swavlisTvis, an sxva raime mosazre
biT, _ SeiZleba erTi Zma iyos aq, erTi iq, maxloblebi aqa yvandes, mama
iyos aq da Svili ki ruseTSi wavides, SeiZleba raimes SesaZenad wav
ida, _ aseTi qarTveli, romelsac aqvs kavSiri Cvens teritoriasTan,
saqarTvelosTan. sxva saqarTvelo ar yofila jer da ai am saqarTve
losTan aqvs kavSiri, yvela im qarTvel kacs romelic wavida ruseTSi,
_ Cven vambobT aseTebze da ara yvela sxva qarTvelze, romelic sadme
scxovrobs, da araviTari kavSiri saqarTvelosTan aRar aqvs; Cven vam
bobT, swored iseT kacze, romelic, rodesac hkiTxavT, vina brZande
biTo, gipasuxebs, _ qarTveli varo, sadauri xaro, _ saqarTvelodano.
ra vuyoT, rom is rostovSi scxovrobda da aqamdis iq scxovrobs. ai,
swored aseTi moqalaqe, romelic Tavis warmoSobiT, Tavis mTavari
ZarRviT iyo dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosTan, radgan aqedan aris
wasuli, _ da mas aqvs ufleba gaxdes Cveni moqalaqe. sad aris aq nacio
nalizmi, Sovnizmi da sxva? magar-magari sityvebi, romelic aq sTqves,
aris amoRebuli bolSevikur leqsikonidan. samwuxaroa mxolod, rom
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri laparakobs imas, rasac upasuxsmgeblo
pirebi quCebSi laparakoben. Cven winaaRmdeg sabuTad mohyavT is, rac
proeqtSi ar aris. yvela quCaze gamvlel-gamomvlels SeiZleba ar gae
gebodes ra iwereba proeqtSi, magram damfuZnebel krebis wevri val
debulia icodes im proeqtis azri, romelsac arCevs, gaegebodes misi
azri, da Tavis warmodgenas, Tavis ocnebas ar edavebodes. es ar aris
arc rigianoba, arc didi Tavis pativiscema, arc saqmis codna.
aris zogierTi iseTi mosazreba warmodgenili am proeqtis wi
naaRmdeg, romelnic Txouloben pasuxs. amboben _ Tqven unda gauad
viloT xalxs moqalaqeT gaxdomao. es marTalia, magram aris meore
debulebac, romliTac unda gamocxaddes moqalaqed yvela, vinc ki
saqarTvelos teritoriaze imyofeba, Tu uars ar ganacxadebs. magram
erTi mibrZaneT, Tqven ra ufleba gaqvT, rom mosTxovoT vismes uari
387
acxados moqalaqeobaze? arc demokratiuli principi, arc sxva raime
principi ar Txoulobs, rom yvelas, vinc TbilisSi Camosula, _ ader
beijanidan, ruseTidan, omis gamo devnis gamo, yvela isini, romelnic
sxva da sxva mizezebis gamo Camoxiznulan aq da droebiT aq scxovro
ben, _ yvelas vuTxraT _ Tqven Cveni moqalaqeni brZandebiT da Tu ar
gsurT SemoitaneT qaRaldio. Cven vambobT _ araviTari, arc moral
uri, arc zneobrivi, arc politikuri ufleba ar gvaqvs, yvela gamv
lel-gamomvleli ueWvelad gamovacxadoT moqalaqed da mere mas qaR
aldis Semotana vsTxovoT. zogierT, viTom demokratebs hgoniaT, rom
Cven viRacebs vaZlevT moqalaqeobis privilegias. magram aviwydebaT,
rom moqalaqeoba ar aris marto ufleba, aramed aris movaleobac da
roca nardaT moqalaqeobis uflebas aniWeb ucxoels aq, amiT arTmev
saSualebas aasrulos Tavisi moqalaqeobrivi movaleoba iq, sadac mas
surda, sadac is iyo ukve moqalaqed. ra uflebiT gindaT saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba daakisroT Camosuls ruseTidan savaWrod, gamoqceuls
bolSevikebisagan, denikinisagan, petliurasagan, an vinme sxvisagan
da saerTod yvela imaT, vinc Camosula da scxovrobs aq SemTxveviT. me
gekiTxebiT, ra uflebiT gindaT amaT saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba daakis
roT? romeli demokratizmi Txoulobs amas? araviTari demokra
tizmi amas ar Txoulobs da Tu is xalxi, romelic aq scxovrobs da
marTla kavSiri aqvs am qveyanasTan _ moisurvebs, rom moqalaqe gaxdes,
imisTvis ki unda iyos gaadvilebuli es wesi moqalaqeobis miRebisa.
me mgonia, rom am muxlis winaaRmdegi verc eserebi iqnebian. aq Zalian
martivad aris naTqvami (kiTxulobs): yofil ruseTis imperiis yoveli
qveSevrdomi, romelic pirvel muxlSi aRniSnul moTxovnilebas ar ak
mayofilebs, magram 1914 w. ivlisis 19-de (Zv. st.) ukanaskneli 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze
da sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis gamoqveynebisa ganacxa
debs, rom mas hsurs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba, _ miRebul iqneba saqa
rTvelos moqalaqed me-4-e muxlSi aRniSnul wesiT.
aq ise ki ar aris naTqvami, _ Tu mogewoneba miiRe, ar mogewoneba _
ar miiRo.
Cven vambobT (kiTxulobs): me-2-e da me-3-e muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxa
deba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic, Tu
maTi mTxovneli saTanado pirobebs akmayofilebs, misces mas moqalaqe
obis mowmobas.
e. i. vinc akmayofilebs yvela am pirobebs, momrigebeli mosamar
Tle valdebulia miiRos is, Tu ki es faqtebi iqneba damtkicebuli
momrigebel mosamarTlisaTvis. momrigebeli mosamarTle, rogorc
obieqtiuri pirovneba, am SemTxvevaSi sruliad gareSe mdgomi yovel
gvar politikur mRelvarebisagan ambobs, _ im obieqtiur pirobebs,
romelsac kanoni moiTxovs, aqvs alagi Tu ara cxovrebaSi, mag. aqvs am
pirs qoneba, sakuTar Tavis SromiT scxovrobs is Tu ara da sxv. erTi
sityviT daamowmebs obieqtiur faqtebidan, rom am adamians, am subi
388
eqts kavSiri aqvs am teritoriasTan da am teritoriis yofa-cxovre
baSi, mis bedSi, mis awmyo da momavalSi monawileobas iRebs. da aseT
kacs eZleva moqalaqeobrivi ufleba. amaze martivi gaadvilebuli we
sis warmodgenac ki SeuZlebelia.
maSasadame es kanon-proeqti me vityvi, ukiduresi demokratiulia
da rogorc aseTi, es unda iyos miRebuli da damtkicebuli. Cven rom
is martivi muxlebi migveRo, romelic aq waikiTxa soc.-revol. ora
torma, es did uxerxulobas Seqmnida Cven demokratiisTvis. marTlac,
yvela gamvlel, gamomvlels rom Txovnebi vawerinoT Tqveni moqa
laqeoba ara gvsurso, _ me mgonia, amas arc saWiroeba Txoulobs, da
arc saxelmwifos interesi. da me vambob, roca saxelmwifos interesi
ar Txoulobs, rom davsaqmoT yvela, Cvenc ar unda CavidinoT es.
Semdeg mogviTxroben, rom meore nawili proeqtis Seicavs ara
demokratiul wesebs, gansakuTrebiT, sadac qalis gaTxovebaze aris
laparaki. me vambob, rom pirdapir politikur ususurobaT unda CaiT
valos iseT azris gamoTqma, rom qalis interesi TiTqos Txoulobs
politikur uflebebis micemas ara iq, sadac is cxovrobs, aramed iq,
sadac is ar scxovrobs. warmoidgineT adamiani, romelic Txovdeba, da
CveulebrivaT, _ midis iq, sadac cxovrobs qmari, vsTqvaT magaliTad,
safrangeTSi. Cven vambobT, rom is qali ar unda darCes saqarTvelos
moqalaqeT. aba warmoidgineT, rom aseT qals, aqvs politikuri ufle
ba, arCevnebis ufleba saqarTveloSi, sadac aRar scxovrobs da aravi
Tari ufleba ar aqvs iq, safrangeTSi, sadac scxovrobs, sadac Svilebs
zrdis, sadac faqtiuraT dakavSirebulia cxovrebasTan. Cven mas unda
wavarTvaT es ufleba iq, da davaZaloT miiRos qveSevrdomoba aq? me
mgonia, araviTari ufleba ar gvaqvs Cven amis, piriqiT, araviTari in
teresi ar moiTxovs imas, rom am qals darCes moqalaqeoba saqarTve
loSi, da im dros, roca misi Svilebi iq izrdebian, aq saqarTvelos
qveSevrdomobiT maT raime movaleoba, daedos: bevrs hgonia, moqa
laqeoba aris ufleba. me ar vambob, rom moqalaqeoba ar aris ufleba,
me ki vambob, rom moqalaqeoba aris movaleobac, da es movaleoba, um
Tavresad aZevs mamakacs. ai, magaliTaT, samxedro begara, da sxva, rac
umTavresaT aZevs mamakacs. mara zogs goniaT, rom es ufleba misi upi
ratesoba aris. es ar aris upiratesoba, piriqiT es aris ufleba odio
zuri, ese igi es aris upiratesoba movaleobis, ai magaliTaT, Tu samxe
dro begaras ar gadixdis kaci, imas ar SeuZlian miatovos saxelmwifo
da sxvis moqalaqeT gaxdes. is aris movale saxelmwifos winaSe da Tu
begaras ar gadixdis ar SeuZlian saxelmwifodan wavides. qals aseTi
movaleoba ar awevs. cxadia, mas wasvla SeuZlian. cxadia, roca qali
gaTxovdeba is xdeba iqaur moqalaqeT, sadauric qmari yavs, vinaidan
es masac esaWiroeba. mas eqneba iq politikuri uflebebi da agreTve
movaleobac, vinaidan saxelmwifo ar dastovebs ise, rom movaleoba
ar daakisros. amitom me vambob, rom aq aris kiTxva ara qalis an kacis,
aramed saxelmwifos interesebis, amitom yvela adamians aqvs movaleo
389
ba da politikuri uflebebi iq, sadac is scxovrobs, sadac Sromobs,
moRvaweobs, da arsebiTi interesi aqvs. amitom TviT es kanon-proeqti
Tavis principialur SinaarsiT savsebiT misaRebia damfuZnebel kre
bisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare: winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili: kamaTi gadaidos
Semdegi krebisaTvis.
vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame, kenWs uyri. vin
aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, miRebulia da kamaTi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb
gadideba Semdeg krebisaTvis.
sityva ekuTvnis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs saerTo politikur md
gomareobis Sesaxeb gancxadebisTvis.
390
imedebi gagvicruvda, dResac ar aris zavi Camogdebuli, es sisxlis
burusi gafantuli da Cven kidev ar viciT, rodis iqneba es, rodis
dadgeba es sanetaro dro, romelsac saerTaSoriso zavi da mSvido
bianoba hqvian.
Cven mets vityviT. piriqiT, mdgomareoba TiTqmis ufro rTul
deba, saerTo politikis koniunqturaSi SemoiWra axali Zalebi, rac,
unda vTqvaT, ufro gvaSorebs am mSvidobianobas da zavs, da ra ga
sakviria, vimeoreb me, Tu aseT cieb-cxelebis dros evropam Cven da
CvenisTana patara erebi TiTqos daiviwya. CvenTvis Cveni sakiTxi yov
elisferia, maTTvis ki, vinc dRes dReobiT ganagebs Cveni da saerTod
kacobriobis bed-iRbals, Cveni sakiTxi SedarebiT umniSvneloa, wvr
ilmania. Tqven albaT gaxsovT moqalaqeno, im depeSis Sinaarsi, rome
lic iyo parizidan warmogzavnili Cveni delegaciis mier, sadac iyo
naTqvami, rom amier-kavkasiis da kerZoT saqarTvelos sakiTxi daisme
ba mxolod mis Semdeg, rac dadebuli iqneba zavi antaunt-sa da germani
is Soris.
am dReebSi adgilobrivma safrangeTis misiam miiRo agreTve depe
Sa safrangeTis sagareo ministrisagan, sadac aris naTqvami, rom jer
ar viciT rodis daismeba amier-kavkasiis sakiTxio.
am nairad, Cven jer kidev, ar viciT, Tu rodis gaxdeba Cveni xalxis
neba yofa da Cveni xalxis samarTliani moTxovnileba sagnad konfer
enciis ganxilvisa.
aseTia saerTo mdgomareoba, saerTo suraTi.
yvela es Cven unda miviRoT saxeSi da gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu gvsurs
miudgomeli msjavri daudoT Cven saerTo muSaobas da sisworiT dava
fasoT Cveni saxelmwifos moRvaweoba. da amitom, Cven vityviT, rom
glaxa samsaxurs uwevs Cvens respublikas is, vinc ar Seecdeba naTlad
daanaxos Cven xalxs Tu sad da raSi aris, umTavresi, xazs vusvam me mas,
wyaro im saSinel ubedurebisa, romelsac dRes Cveni xalxi da respub
lika ganicdis.
gadavideT exla adgilobriv pirobebze, adgilobriv mizezebze,
Cven gamourkvevlobaze da arev-darevaze.
aq umTavresad, Cven yuradReba unda mivaqcioT Cvens urTi-erTo
bas ingliselebTan. 7 Tvea, rac mokavSireTa Zalebis Semosvla Cven
teritoriis farglebSi gaxda realur faqtorad Cveni politikisa
da sazogado cxovrebisa. exlandeli dro, rodesac yoveli dRe wlebs
udris, 7 Tve xalxis cxovrebaSi es mTeli xanaa. amitomac Cven samar
Tlianad vracxT im gulis wyromas, romelic Cvenma presam, politi
kurma wreebma, Cvenma sazogadoebam gamosTqva imis gamo, rom dRemdis
ar aris gamorkveuli Cveni urTi-erToba da Cven dRemdis naTlad ar
gvaqvs warmodgenili, Tu ra asuldgmulebs mokavSireTa adgilobriv
politikas, ra sarCuli udevs mas, da ra aris imaTi miznebi? yvela es
agrea. magram aq unda davsvaT kiTxva: udevs amaSi brali saqarTvelos
mTavrobas da xalxs? gadaWriT vacxadeb Tqven winaSe, rom ara.
391
saqarTvelos mTavrobam xalxis saxeliT pirvel SexvedrisTanave
gamoucxada mokavSireTa warmomadgenels, rom mas surs keTil-sindis
ieri mokavSireoba maTTan, rom is mzaT aris SeZlebis da gvaraT xeli
Seuwyos maT aq muSaobas. mxolod erTi pirobiT, rom uzrunvel yofi
li iqnes Cveni damoukidebloba yovel Tavdasxmisagan da amiT xeli ar
SeuSalos Cven xalxs mis saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobiT TviTmoqmedeba
Si. da me SemiZlian Tqven winaSe sruliad Tamamad ganvacxado, rom saqa
rTvelos mTavrobam Tavisi dapireba pirnaTlad Seasrula da am mxriv
erTxelac mas Tavisi politika ar Seucvlia. Cven ver dagvisaxeleben
verc erT SemTxvevas, verc erT moments, rom Cven gveRalatnos Cven
mier arCeul loialobis gzisTvis. samwuxarod, miuxedavad Cveni cdi
sa, Cven dResac ar gvaqvs sasurveli damokidebuleba mokavSireebTan.
batonebo, daJeJils gatexili sjobiao, amboben. da dRes es, ro
gorc yovelTvis, Cven migvaCnia sasurvelad am tribunidan vsTqvaT
is, rac saTqmelia. saqarTvelos mTavroba erT mizans emsaxureba. es
_ ganamtkicos Cveni demokratiuli saxelmwifo da am gziT saSuale
ba misces Cven xalxs eziaros evropiul kulturas da civilizacias;
_ am miznisaken is midis swori gziT da araviTar dauSvebel saZrax
saSualebas Tavis moqmedebaSi is ar mimarTavs. Cveni diplomatia ar
aris saidumlo diplomatia da amitomac yvela is faqtebi, romleb
zedac Cveni cnobebiT emyareba es guliswyroma, an ukeT, rom vsTqvaT,
es cudi ganwyobileba, romelsac TiTqos Cven vgrZnobT, ai es faqtebi
dRes aq unda daisvas da damfuZnebelma krebam, suverenulma warmo
madgenelma Cveni respublikisa am faqtebs Tavisi dafaseba misces.
ra brals gvdeben Cven?
sam rameSi.
pirveli es _ gagris dakaveba, meore _ focxovis da artaanis daka
veba da mesame inglisel eqimis mavoelis mokvla.
soWis frontis Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebis sxdomaze ukve iyo
msjeloba da Cven maSin TiTqmis amovwureT es sakiTxi. Cven aSkarad
vsTqviT is, rac saTqmeli gvqonda. me ar Sevudgebi, rasakvirvelia,
ganmeorebas imisas, rac iq iTqva. mxolod minda ramdenime kiTxva
davsva. nu Tu SesaZloa laparaki imaze, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam
angariSi ar gauwia inglisis sardlobis rCevas, maSin, rodesac gen
erali denikini da misi laSqari, miuxedavad inglisis garantiisa,
veragulad Tavs dagvesxa, Cven patara razms iaraRi ahyara, sastikad
Suri iZia mcxovreblebze da gansakuTrebT qarTvelebze. generalma
denikinma aramc Tu ar Seasrula millis brZaneba, rom mas soWis olqi
daecala, piriqiT man aSkarad moindoma soxumis olqis dakaveba da es
dRes utyuar sabuTebiT mtkicdeba. ai am dros, rodesac saqarTvelom
moindoma Tavis aucilebel strategiul xazis dakaveba, es Cven xalxs
sastik danaSaulad eTvleba.
da me gekiTxebiT, moqalaqeno, vin SebRala am SemTxvevaSi inglisis
prestiJi? nu Tu Cven? maSin, rodesac Cven sami Tvis cda movandomeT
392
imas, rom denikins inglisis generalis, mTavar sardlis brZaneba Sees
rulebina? me mgonia, rom am kiTxvaze ori pasuxi yovlad SeuZlebelia
Tu ki, marTlac, Cven SevecdebiT obieqturi analizi gaukeToT saqmis
mdgomareobas da ar vixelmZRvanelebT sxva raime grZnobebiT.
gadavideT axla focxovis da artaanis dakavebaze.
xuTi Tvea, moqalaqeno, rac Cven osmaleTis mier gapartaxebuli da
angreuli axalcixe da axalqalaqi CavibareT. da swored mTeli es dro
movandomeT mxolod imas, rom es raioni dagvecva mtris Tavdasxmisa
gan. Tqven gaxsovT albad, rom swored mis Semdeg, rac Cven am mazrebSi
fexi SevdgiT, yarsSi daarsda egred wodebuli aRmosavleT-samxreT
kavkasiis mTavroba da pirveli gancxadeba, romelic sagareo saqmeTa
ministrma saqarTveloisam gaukeTa general mills es is iyo, rom mas
mieqcia yuradReba yarsis mTavrobisTvis. Cven maSinve imas gamovucxa
deT, rom yarsis mTavroba, arc meti, arc naklebi, osmalTa organi
zaciaa. Cven maT sabuTebiT davumtkiceT, rom mTeli es mTavroba iyo
Sedgenili osmalTa emisarebis da agentebis mier. Cven gancxadebasTan
erTad isic dagveTanxma, rom Tu marTlac ingliss ainteresebs CvenSi
wesierebis ganmtkiceba, aucilebeli xdeba, rom dauyonebliv zomebi
iqnes miRebuli yarsis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg. magram maSin aseT Cven
gancxadebas, miuxedavad dapirebisa, saubedurod, saTanado yuradRe
ba ar mieqca da Semdeg mTelma axalcixis, axalqalaqis istoriam naT
lad daamtkica, rom Cven marTali viyaviT. Tqven iciT, rom focxovis
raioni gaxda bude, saidanac serveT-beg aTabagovis urdoebi axdend
nen Tavdasxmas axalcixeze da Cven ar gvaZlevden saSualebas, rom iq
saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba gvewarmoebina. bolos da bolos, rodesac
Cven iZulebulni gavxdiT amisTvis bolo mogveRo, Cvens sabednierod,
general tomsonmac miiRo energiuli zomebi e. w. yarsis mTavrobis wi
naaRmdeg da misi TanxmobiT Cven daviWireT focxovi da artaani.
amnairad, Cveni focxovis da artaanis raionSi gadasvla, me gadaW
riT vacxadeb Tqvens winaSe, moxda general tomsonTan SeTanxmebiT. da
dRes, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavrobam, mTelma Cvenma xalxma amdeni
msxverpli Seswira am saqmes, dRes sakiTxis sxvanairad Sebruneba Cven
ver gagvigia, ver agvixsnia. raSia aq saqarTvelos mTavrobis brali,
dResac es CvenTvis gaugebaria.
Cven kidev, moqalaqeno, ar dagvikargavs imedi, rom am sakiTxSi
iqneba gamonaxuli iseTi gadawyvetileba, romelic ar SebRalavs Cveni
xalxis sasicocxlo interesebs da Seefereba mis Rirsebas.
bolos Tqven iciT, rom aq qalaq tfilisSi hqonda adgili fri
ad samwuxaro SemTxvevas, es gaxldaT inglisis eqimis mkvleloba.
meore dResve saqarTvelos mTavrobam Tavisi mwuxareba gamoucxa
da inglisis misias da Semdeg borot-momqmedni gadacemul iqnen sa
samarTloSi. Tqven iciT, rom sasamarTlom msjavri gamoutana: sams
sikvdiliT dasja gadauwyvita, danarCenebs ki katorRa. marTalia,
am samwuxaro SemTxvevas zed daerTo meore samwuxaro SemTxveva,
393
Tqven iciT, rom gzaSi, rodesac ukan mohyavdaT dasjilni maT gaqce
va moaxerxes, magram ori maTgani iqve iyo mokluli. iciT albaT isic,
rom erTi borotmomqmedTagani paiWaZe, romelic Sepyrobil iqna
ozurgeTSi, gaiqca, magram gana aqedan, aseT faqtebidan SeiZleba
raime politikur daskvnis gakeTeba? me mgonia, rom ara, radganac
iq am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvqonda mxolod samwuxaro faqtebTan saqme,
rasac Cven vaRiarebT. erTad-erTi daskvna, romelic SeiZleba aqedan
miudgomelma adamianma gamoiyvanos, rom marTlac Cveni saxelmwi
foebrivi aparati ar gvaqvs ise mowyobili, rogorc amas Cveni xalx
is interesi moiTxovs. magram, meores mxriv, isic unda vsTqvaT, rom
aseTi SemTxveva SesaZlebelia moxdes iqac, sadac asis wlobiT aris
muSaoba saxelmwifoebriv sferoSi. istoriam ar icis magaliTi, rom
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mowyobiliyos saxelmwifoebrivi aparati
ise, rom mas raime defeqti ar hqondes. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me unda
ganvacxado Tqven winaSe, rom es faqti, TavisTavad samwuxaro, ise
Ti umniSvneloa, rom maze aSeneba iseTi Sexedulebisa Cvenze, TiTqos
Cven ar Segvwevdes unari saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobisa, yovlad
SeuZlebelia (arseniZe: marTalia!)
ai moqalaqeno, yvela is, rac Cven gvesmis oficialurad.
danarCen rameze, me unda aRvniSno Tqven winaSe, rom Cven oficial
urad ar gvsmenia. (xma: baTumSi gamokruli gancxadeba?) ara oficial
urad bevri ram gvesmis.
moqalaqeno, Tqven albad dagviwyebiaT, gana SeiZleba daviwyeba
reiteris saagentos gadmocemuli cnoba Sesaxeb imisa, rom saqarTve
lo kidev 1914 wels, yofila moRalate, 1914 wels saqarTvelo yofila
kavSirSi osmaleTTan. (arseniZe: sazizRari provokaciaa!)
saqarTvelo da osmaleTi mokavSireni?
marTlac sazizRrobaa. magram aseTi cnoba CvenTvis, yvelasaTvis,
rasakvirvelia, sasaciloc aris.
isini, vinc aseT cnobebs populizacias ukeTeben, Cven aSkarad
SegviZlian vTqvaT, araviTar angariSs ar uweven samarTlianobas, To
rem es ase rom ar iyos gana, ase Zneli iyo Cveni am omis drois istoriis
gacnoba imisTvis, vinc aseT provokacias Txzavs Cvens winaaRmdeg?
brestis konferenciis istoria, gana es iseTi utyuari faqti ar
aris, romelsac angariSs unda uwevdes yvela, vinc TavisTavs da samar
Tlianobas pativs scems?
gana maSin kidev, rodesac germaniis koalicia iyo gamarjvebuli
da baton-patroni frontze, patara saqarTvelom ar gamoiCina gambed
aoba da ar uarhyo is winadadeba, romliTac mogvmarTes Cven germaniam
da osmaleTma, rom Cven gagvegzavna brestSi Cveni warmomadgenlebi?
an da vis SeuZlian wagvarTvas Cven is, rac Cven gvaqvs?
baTumis dacva, ai is ZmaTa sasaflao, romelic agebulia anari
aze, anda Coloqis brwyinvale gamarjveba, ozurgeTSi aTasobiT Cve
ni ltolvilebi, romlebic gamoiqcnen baTumidan da dResac ar arian
394
dabrunebulni, gana es ar mowmobs imas, rom saqarTvelo, qarTveli
xalxi arasodes moRalate ar yofila da arc iqneba? (mquxare taSi).
es utyuari faqtebia. magram miuxedavad aseTi faqtebisa mainc,
samwuxarod unda vsTqvaT, iseTi dawesebuleba, iseTi organo, ro
goric reiteris saagentoa, aZlevs Tavis Tavs nebas da mTel samyaros
auwyebs imas, rasac Cven cxovrebaSi adgili ara hqonia. mere ra udevs
sarCulad amas?
Tqven albad kargad iciT is nabiji xuTi-eqvsi upasuxismgeblo
pirTa, romelTac arsodes kavSiri ara hqonia Cven xalxTan. ai am sar
Culze aris agebuli is saSineli provokacia, romelic mTel atmos
feras Cvens sazaralod JRenTavs da Cven respublikas gansacdels
umzadebs. anda is werili, romelic moTavsebulia gazeT „Times“-Si.
Tqven albad dRes ukve waikiTxeT es werili, werili aRsavse insinu
aciebiT da ginebiT, werili, sadac aris naTqvami, rom TiTqos saqa
rTvelom mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi ver gamoiCina veraviTari saxel
mwifoebrivi unari da energia da saWiroebs baton-patrons. Cven ar
viciT saidan amokrifa am werilis avtorma es ambavi, mxolod Cven
gvikvirs, risTvis ar aamaRlebs Tavis xmas is, vinc Cven muSaobas
Tvalyurs adevnebs, vinc icis, xedavs Tu ra xdeba mTel yofil ruse
Tis imperiis sivrceze, ras warmoadgens saqarTvelo, yvela amas xe
daven, magram saubedurod Cvenda, am mxriv araviTari nabiji ar aris
gadadgmuli, rom gafantuli yofiliyo is mowamluli atmosfera,
romelic Seqmna aseTma gamosvlebma. da me gekiTxebiT moqalaqeno,
exla ras ifiqrebs Cveni xalxi, rodesac is dainaxavs da gaigebs, rom
SarSandeli misi tragedia, misi mdgomareoba, misi cda, rom gaxdes
Tavis bedis gamomWedi, rom yvela es inaTleba iseT saxeliT, rogorc
monaTlulia reiteris saagentos cnobebiT da `Times~-is werilSi? me
mgonia, aseTi madgomareoba aravis prestiJs ar aamaRlebs, piriqiT
xels Seuwyobs dacemas im saxelmwifos prestiJisa, romelsac kavSiri
aqvs am wyaroebTan. (maWavariani: marTalia!)
me minda kidev SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba, moqalaqeno, imaze, rom
am bolo dros Zalian bevri xmebi vrceldeba Sesaxeb erTi proklam
aciisa. Cveni cnobebiT, marTla aseTi proklamacia aris. Cven meti
cnobebic gvaqvs, zogierT adgilebSi es proklamacia ukve aris
gamokruli. me ver gadmogcemT exla savsebiT Sinaarss am proklamaci
isas, mxolod unda aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom Sinaarsi am proklam
aciisa yovlad miuRebelia saqarTvelos respublikisaTvis! (mquxare
taSi. gvazava: marTalia!)
Cvens xalxs imisTvis ki ar ubrZolia ramdenime aTeul wlobiT da
am brZolaSi ar gauRia wminda msxverpli, rom erTi xelis dakvriT vin
mem moindomos am Cven Tavisuflebis gatexa da damarxva.
ai swored es gancxadeba saqarTvelos mTavrobam oficialurad
ukve gaakeTa. (gobeCia: rodis?).
ra brZaneT?
395
(gobeCia: rodis?). maSin, rodesac gaigo am proklamaciis arsebo
ba, im wamsve.
Cven vacxadebT, piradad me vacxadeb am tribunidan, rom Cven gve
smis Cveni movaleoba, is movaleoba, romelic ikisra saqarTvelos
mTavrobam mokavSireTa winaSe, am movaleobas SevasrulebT, magram
imave dros, Cven gvesmis Cveni uflebis pativiscemac.
Tavidanve, rogorc es Tqven iciT, Cven Soris iyo dadebuli xe
lSekruloba, xelSekruloba xel-mowerili inglisis oficialur
warmomadgenelis mier, sadac aris naTqvami, rom mokavSireTa warmo
madgenelni Cven Sinaur saqmeSi ar Caerevian da Cven Tavisuflebas ar
SebRalaven.
ai am niadagze vdgevarT Cven, Tu es pirobebi iqneba daculi. Cven
yovelgvar pasuxismgeblobas, ise, rogorc dRemdis agviRia, pirnaT
lad SevasrulebT da SemdegSiac vecdebiT es pasuxismgebloba Cven
Tavze vikisroT, magram is, rac aucilebel pirobebs Seadgens Cveni
respublikis suverenobisas, me Tamamad SemiZlian Tqvens winaSe vsTq
va, sanam es mTavroba sdgas Tavis alagas, is Seecdeba es daicvas! (xan
grZlivi mxurvale taSi).
ar SemiZlian Tqveni yuradReba ar SevaCero ramdenime wuTiT am
ierkavkasiis konferenciaze.
me minda aRvniSno, rom mTavrobis politikis umTavresi RerZi es
gaxlavT keTil-mezobluri ganwyobileba yvela amier-kavkasiaSi mo
binadre erebTan. marTalia am gzaze Cven bevri dabrkoleba vnaxeT,
magram mainc da mainc am miznisTvis Cven moqmedebaSi ar gviRalat
nia da bolos marTlac saqarTvelos mTavrobis TaosnobiT, rogorc
iciT, ukve ramodenime dRea muSaobs amier-kavkasiis konferencia; aq
iyo Cveni Taosnoba, es iyo Cveni mowodeba da TviT faqti imisa, rom
es ganxorcielda. es gvavalebs Cven, rom Cven erTnairad, ufro mwvave
TanagrZnobiT movekidoT am konferencias. Cven didi patrioti varT
am konferenciisa, magram aqve unda aRvniSno, rom araviTari iliuzi
as aq alagi ar unda hqondes. Cven sruliad ar gvgonia rom, es konfer
encia SesZlebs mogvces is, rac amier-kavkasiisTvis aucilebelia, e. i.
sruli SeTanxmeba politikur da ekonomiur kiTxvebSi amier-kavkasi
is erTa Soris. kidev bevri sakiTxebia, moqalaqeno, Cven Soris sadao,
jer kidev bevri samuSaoa Cvens win, rom Cven SegveZlos vifiqroT,
rom erTis nabijiT SesaZlebelia amier-kavkasiis da kavkasiis xalxTa
politikur-ekonomiuri kavSiris mogvareba. magram Tu ki es konfer
encia SesZlebs gamonaxos saerTo ena am erTa Soris, gamonaxos saer
To niadagi, _ da aseTi niadagi aris ukve momzadebuli, es aris Cveni
Tavisuflebis dacva, solidarulad am mxriT moqmedeba, ai Tu am pir
vel nabijs gadasdgams erTa solidarobis gzisken es konferencia, me
mgonia, rom mets Cven am konferencias ver moviTxovT da esec didi
samsaxuria.
ukve konferencia daiyo komisiebad da aq muSaoba swarmoebs.
396
momavali dagvanaxebs moqalaqeno, ramodenad cxovreba am Cven
imedebs ganaxorcielebs.
dasasrul me unda mogaxsenoT, rom metad seriozul da sapasux
ismgeblo moments ganvicdiT Cven exla da, am mxriv, me mgonia, dam
fuZnebeli krebis da saqarTvelos mTavrobis movaleobaa, rom Cven
xalxs auxsnaT, Tu ra dabrkoleba Sexvdeba mas im miznis ganxorciele
baSi, romelsac Cven yvelani vemsaxurebiT.
aq aris saWiro dinji da auCqarebeli da masTan kidev yovelgvar
nerviobas moklebuli muSaoba da brZola.
aq aris marTlac meTodiuri brZola saWiro, radganac unda vico
deT, rom aRelveba, aCqareba am mxriv saqmes zians moutans.
yvela moqalaqe unda gaimsWvalos im grZnobiT, rom is valdebu
lia Tavis xalxs, Tavis Tavisuflebas Tavi Seswiros.
Tu am grZnobas Cven SevecdebiT cxovrebaSi gavataroT, Cven Rrmad
gvwams moqalaqeno, rom Cven uvneblad gavivliT eklian gzas da Cve
ni Tavisuflebis droSas dauxrelad gavatarebT am mZime gzaze Cveni
miznis brwyinvale gamarjvebisaken (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. batonebo! exla oTxis naxevari gaxlavT, rogor mi
brZanebT... (xmebi: gadavdoT, ganvagrZoT!) mesmis, „ganvagrZoT“, „gada
vdoT!“ keTil inebeT da gamogzavneT werilobiT Tqveni winadadeba.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes. gsurT Tu ara isargebloT
sityviT?
r. arseniZe. me winadadeba Semomaqvs, _ Tu sigvianes gamo movindom
eT krebis gadadeba, kreba gadavdoT da davniSnoT sagangebo sxdoma.
SegviZlian, _ magaliTad, _ xval saRamos 7 saaTisTvis davniSnoT igi,
Tu Tanaxma iqnebiT.
Tavmjdomare. rogorc sCans, gadadebis winaaRmdeg aravin aris.
maS winadadeba miRebulad unda CavTvaloT.
exla unda gadavwyvitoT, rogor inebebT, ra drosTvis? aris wina
dadeba xval saRamosTvis. sxva winadadeba ar aris.
kenWs uyri mas. vin aris momxre imisa, rom gavmarToT xval saRa
mos sagangebo kreba? vin aris winaaRmdeg? umciresoba. maSasadame,
miRebuli gaxlavT. exla, romel saaTze? (xma: 7 saaTze) kenWs uyri, 7 s.
aravin aris winaaRmdegi? (xmauroba, Tavmjdomaris zari.) jer sxdoma
ar aris daxuruli, batonebo, gTxovT dabrZandeT. vin aris winaaRm
deg 7 s.? aravin. maSasadame, sxdoma am sakiTxze sakamaTod da saboloo
daskvnis gamosatanad damfuZnebel krebis mier, _ dainiSneba xval,
saRamos 7 s.
mogaxsenebT morig sxdomis dRiur wesrigs.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli (kiTxulobs morig sxdomis dRiur wes
rigs). xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT nu xmaurobT, araferi ar is
mis! (mdivani ganagrZobs kiTxvas). surs Tu ara vismes sityva samSabaTis
wesrigis Sesaxeb?
397
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
r. arseniZe. aq gamoiTqva survili, rom zogierT SekiTxvisTvis
gagvemarTa specialuri sxdoma, da me, piradaT, am mosazrebis Tanax
mad, viTxove SabaTs yofiliyo daniSnuli sxdoma dRiuri wesrigis im
nawilisTvis, romelic daumTavrebeli darCa. da roca gamocxadda sam
SabaTis sxdomis wesrigi, me sworeT giTxraT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi
davrCi. amitom me mgonia ukeTesi iqneba Tu SabaTis dRiur wesrigSi
movaTavsebT ara marto am moxsenebaze msjelobas, romelic gaakeTa
sagareo saqmeTa ministrma, aramed daumTavrebel dRevandel sxdomis
wesrigs, ramdensac movaswrobT.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, batonebo! me unda ganvacxado, rom Tu
gaugebroba moxda, prezidiumi arafer SuaSi aris. laparaki iyo mxo
loT mTavrobis gancxadebaze da am gancxadebis gamo kamaTze. Semovi
da winadadeba, rom gaimarTos sagangebo sxdoma SabaTs. me ese gavige,
da me mgonia ase gaigo umravlesobamac. axali winadadeba aris, rom
is wesrigi, romelic mogxsendaT samSabaTisTvis _ gadaidos SabaTisT
vis, ese igi pirvel rigSi iyos kamaTi mTavrobis gancxadebis gamo da
Semdeg ganxilul iqmnas danarCeni wesrigi.
Tu moisurvebT, es wesrigi miRebuli iqneba. (arseniZe: ar aris ase,
sxva winadadebaa!) diax, batono, me ese gavige, me bodiSs vixdi, es im
itomaa, rom ar swerT; daswereT, da ise miTxariT, razedac gnebavT
laparaki.
r. arseniZe. me mqonda laparaki dRes darCenil wesrigze. aq iyo
umTavresaT SekiTxvebi. sxva kanon-proeqti ar dagvrCa. maSasadame,
iqneba mTavrobis moxsenebis gamo kamaTi da Semdeg ganixileba darCe
nili wesrigi. rac Seexeba samSabaTis wesrigs _ is Tavis Tavad wava.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, mTavrobis gancxadebis gamo kamaTi ga
daideba xvalisaTvis da Semdeg mogxsendebaT SekiTxva, romlis ganx
ilva dRes ver movaswariT. vis surs sityva? aravis. maSasadame wina
dadeba miRebulia da sxdoma damTavrebulia. (Tavmjdomare sxdomas
daxurulad acxadebs 4 saaTsa da 35 wuTze).
398
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
dRiuri wesrigi:
399
3. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi sa
samarTlo palatis ufrosi Tavmjdomaris mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb.
4. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa sasjelisagan sruliad ganTavi
suflebis Sesaxeb.
400
viciT kargad, Tu ra saSineli zavi moaxvies Tavs germaniis imperial
istebma omSi damarcxebul ruseTis demokratias. am zavis pirobebiT
ruseTis demokratia iZulebuli iyo xeli aeRo yovelive xalxis qone
baze da gadaeca germanel imperialistebisTvis. am brestis pirobaSi
Setanili iyo agredve muxli, rom ruseTis demokratias ufleba ar
hqonda raime agitacia gaewia Tavis ideebisaTvis germaniis saxelmwi
foSi da amgvar zavs ruseTis demokratiam xeli moawera.
Cven principialurad SegviZlian ganvsajoT bolSevikebi imis gamo
Tu ramdenad misaRebi iyo maSindel mdgomareobaSi aseTi pirobebi,
ramdenad icavdnen Tavis Camoyalibebul principebs im dros, rodesac
xels awerdnen am zavs, magram dRes yvelasaTvis aSkaraa, rom arc erTi
muxli xsenebuli zavisa ar asrulebula. saamisod didi survili, en
ergia da Sroma dasWirdaT germaniis imperialistebs, magram mainc
misi asruleba ar dascaldaT.
dRes parizis konferencia igive pirobebSia savsebiT. ufro mk
acri pirobebia warmodgenili germaniis xalxisadmi. Tu Cven wina
naTeli warmodgena ar gvqonda imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras niSnavda, rode
sac kacs uflebas ahyridnen, yovelive qonebas CamoarTmevdnen, amiT
sasjels miayenebdnen da am Semecnebas ver vicnobdiT kargad, exla
naTlad SegviZlian warmovidginoT agreTve, ras niSnavs uflebis
ayra, ras niSnavs qonebis CamorTmeva. amisTvis sakmarisia waikiTxoT
parizisagan germaniisadmi wardgenili zavis pirobebi. me ar vici,
moawers germania xels Tu ara, magram es pirobebi omis likvidacias
ver mouxdens, rom ver daamyarebs simSvides, wesrigs, ver gardaqmnis
dRevandel duxWir cxovrebas, ver Seqmnis saxelmwifoebriobas, es
aSkaraa. es 5 didi saxelmwifoni SesZleben am pirobebis realizacias
Tu ara, esec sadao sakiTxia.
omis fsixologia iyo imgvari, rom rodesac erTi mxare scemda
meores, damarcxebuli mxare iZaxda: me vibrZvi ara Cem interesebisaT
vis, aramed mTeli msoflio ganTavisuflebisTvis, Cven gvinda yovel
ers mivaniWoT ufleba Tavisufal cxovrebisa, yovel eris kulturas
mivceT saSualeba, rom is ar gahqres, yovelive adamians mivsceT sa
Sualeba Tavis pirovnebis ganviTarebisa. da ramdenad ufro sasti
kad scemda mowinaaRmdege, ramdenad ufro met damarcxebisaken iyo
mimarTuli, imdenad ufro dabejiTebiT laparakobda, rom es Cemi da
mamarcxebeli wainaaRmdegi aris imisa, rasac me vicavo. Tu me mTeli
qveyana damexmareba da saSualebas momcems davamarcxo aseTi sasti
ki mowinaaRmdege, mTeli kacobrioba naxavs, rom yovel xalxs, yovel
kulturul qveyanas Svela miecemao. magram vnaxeT Cven, rom es sas
tiki mdevneli xalxebisa, sastiki momspobeli kulturisa, yovelive
xelovnebisa da ganxorcieleba velurobisa damarcxda. gaimarjva
sworeT imaT, vinc ufro mets da bevrs yviroda.
magram Cven dRes vnaxeT, rom sityva erTi yofila, saqme ki sxva. da
am sxva da sxvaobis simwvaves dRes Cven ganvicdiT. es, Cvenis azriT,
401
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam ZiriTadi ukuRmarToba ar moispoba. es Zir
iTadi ukuRmarToba ki ver moispoba sanam am sakiTxs axali Zala ar
daepatroneba _ msoflios socialisturi demokratia. es axali Zala,
Cvenda saubeduroT, jer ar aris kidev organiulad SekavSirebuli,
ar aris mowyobili da ver axerxebs dResve gadasWras es sakiTxi. vidre
es Zala ar Caereva am sakiTxSi da ar ityvis Tavis sityvas, manam Cven
ver miviRebT verc wess, verc rigs, verc mSvidobianobas. ai am mxriv
rom ukvirdebiT Cven mdgomareobas, unda vaRiaroT, rom dRevandel
batonebisadmi Cven gausworebeli skeptikosebi varT. isini veravis
mospoben, isini veravis gaanadgureben, mxolod erT samsaxurs gagviw
even _ rac ufro met simwvaves gvagrZnobineben, rac ufro met anarqias
da arev-darevas Seitanen cxovrebaSi, miT ufro male moeReba bolo.
me mgonia maT daukiTxavad es dasasruli ueWvelad unda movides.
ai, yvela amiT me minda vsTqva, rom Cven gaTvaliswinebuli gvaqvs
msoflio demokratiis Zala, Cveni survilebi sruliad Seefereba maT
suliskveTebas. Cveni survili erTad-erTia mxolod: saqarTvelo, So
bili revoliuciiT, saqarTvelo damoukidebeli, Tavisufali da Ta
vis patroni unda darCes xeluxlebeli. rasakvirvelia saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian haerSi Camokideba, rasakvirvelia misTvis
aucilebelia kavSiri, magram es kavSiri unda iyos SeTanxmebiTi, wi
naswar gaTvaliswinebuli da ara Tavze zevidan moxveuli. amas, amgvar
kavSirs, saqarTvelos demokratia yovelTvis angariSs gauwevs.
rodesac CvenSi mokavSireTa Zala Semodioda, CvenTvis aSkara iyo
erTi ram. Cven gvegona, rom im loialobisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos
demokratiam gamoiCina orive mowinaaRmdege mebrZol mxarisadmi, igi
Cven mogvepyroboda ise, rogorc epyroboda saqarTvelos demokra
tias winad Semosuli Zala. marTalia Tavidanve sruli neitraloba
gamovacxadeT, magram Cven aseTi neitralobis sruli dacva, vicodiT,
rom ar SegveZlo. Cven moviTxovdiT im Zalisagan, romelic aq Semo
dioda, ramdenadac mainc es neitraliteti daecva. da rodesac moka
vSireebma daapires aq Semosvla, Cvenma mTavrobam maT mosTxova Sem
degi: Cven winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevT Tqvens jars, Tqven jars aqvs
sakuTari mizani _ ganwmenda amier-kavkasiisa osmaleTis da germani
is jarisagan, magram raic Seexeba Cven sakuTar Sinaur saqmeebs, amaSi
Carevis nebas ar mivcemT, rasakvirvelia, es imdenad, ramdenadac Cven
amas SevZlebT. erTgvari pirobebi iyo dawerili. am pirobebis Sesaxeb
ukve mogaxsenaT gareSe saqmeTa ministrma, da es pirobebi xelmower
ilia maTi warmomadgenlebis mier. marTalia, Cven ar viciT, hqondaT
maT amis ufleba Tu ara, SeeZloT Tu ara, maT xeli moeweraT amgvar
SeTanxmebaze.
amas imitom vambob, rom Tqven albaT gazeTebSi waikiTxavdiT ra sa
ocari ambavi moxda parizis palataSi. iq SekiTxva iyo ruseTis ambebis
gamo: ekiTxebodnen memarcxene fraqciebis warmomadgenelni gareSe
saqmeTa ministrs, rom esa Tu es konsuli, aseT Tu aseT gancxadebas
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akeTebs ruseTSi, TiTqmis oms ucxadebs ukrainas, da nuTu es warmomad
geneli aris safrangeTisa? gareSe saqmeTa ministrma ganucxada pala
tas, rom konsuli eno odesaSi ar aris safrangeTis warmomadgeneli,
da is rac iman sTqva, an moimoqmeda, ar aris azri safrangeTisa. Tu
Cven aseT movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin sxva sakiTxia. Cveni ubedure
ba is aris, rom ar SegviZlian droze vamcnoT yvelas, rac xdeba aq.
magram sanam dabejiTebiT es ar viciT, Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom gvaqvs
saqme mokavSireT, kanonier warmomadgenlebTan saqarTveloSi da es
kanonieri warmomadgenlebi gvawodeben yovelTvis azrs im saxelmwi
fosas, romelsac isini warmoadgenen. amrigad, is SeTanxmeba, romelic
iyo saTaveSi dadebuli, dRes ZalaSi rCeba.
Tqven moismineT gancxadeba gareSe saqmeTa ministrisa, rom mTav
robas arc erTi nabiji ar gadaudgams, rom mas es SeTanxmeba daerR
via, magram, meores mxriv, Tqven iciT imave moxsenebidan, rom ar aris
garkveuli arc erTi maTi moqmedeba, arc erTi maTi saqme, ar aris as
rulebuli arc erTi maTi dapireba. rodesac Semodiodnen amier-ka
vkasiaSi mokavSireni, ambobdnen: Cven SemovdivarT da gvaqvs mxolod
ori mizani. erTi is, rom damyardes wesrigi, meore is, rom ganvswmin
doT amier-kavkasia. saqarTveloSi wesrigi arsebobs, maSasadame es
aRar aris saWiro. magram rac Seexeba osmaleTisa da germaniis agen
tebs, isini Cven unda gavdevnoTo.
magram ras vxedavT SemdegSi? pirveladve baTomSi airCies mTav
roba, romelsac araviTari kavSiri adgilobriv saqmeebTan da xalx
Tan, adgilobriv interesebTan ar hqonda. amis Semdeg gaaCines kidev
axali mTavroba, samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiisa. baTomis mTavrobis
daarsebis dros, Cven ver movaswariT gafrTxileba. aq ki yarsis mTav
robis dros, Cvenma mTavrobam gaafrTxila isini. CvenTvis yovlad
miuRebelia arseboba iseTi mTavrobisa, romelic ar warmoadgens
arc xalxs, arc teritorias, arc tradicias, arc arafers da Cvenda
samtrod aris mowyobili. miuxedavad amisa, es mTavroba mainc daars
da. es xdeba im dros, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavrobas araviTari
saSualeba ara aqvs baTomSi ubralo depeSa gagzavnos, mokavSireTa
sardlobas ki samxreT dasavleTis mTavrobisTvis baTomSi telegra
fi yovelTvis mzad aqvs da saSualebas aZlevs aTasgvari protestiT
mimarTon saqarTvelos.
TviT xsenebuli mTavrobis daarseba moxda Semdegi wesiT. me xelT
maqvs erTi kerZo korespondencia, romelic me miviRe yarsidan, sadac
Semdegi sweria: „Camovidnen Tu ara inglisis warmomadgenelni maT ga
nacxades: ingliselebma CamoarTves osmaleTs baTomis da yarsis olqi
imitom, rom Seqmnan iq wesiereba da kanoniereba. da aq iqnebian, vidre
am olqebis beds sabolood ar gadaswyvets sazao konferencia. Sinaur
saqmeebis marTva-gamgeoba Cahbardeba adgilobriv mahmadianebs, xolo
TviTon ikisres umaRlesi gamgebloba da kantroli. ramdenime xnis
Semdeg maT molaparakeba gamarTes musulmanebTan da misces winadade
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ba daearsebiaT axali respublika, axalis mTavrobiT. es molaparakeba
damTavrda miT, rom mTavroba daarsda. rodesac maT mier daniSnul
deputatebisagan parlamentic Sesdga, inglisis warmomadgeneli mo
dis parlamentis pirvel sxdomaze da mimarTavs Semdegi sityvebiT:
„b-bo, mogesalmebiT Tqven, xalxis arCeulno! (Tumca, aravis isini ar
aurCevia). me Camovedi TqvenSi mokavSire saxelmwifos _ inglisis,
safrangeTis da amerikisagan saxelmwifoebriobis da wesierebis Ses
aqmnelad, mokavSireTa gamarjveba aris gamarjveba patara erebisa. me
ar Caverevi Tqvens Sinaur saqmeebSi, magram yovelis mxriv dagexmare
biT da gamogesarClebiT. Cven saqmiT gavamarTlebT Cven dapirebas“.
es moxda TebervalSi. aprilis damlevs, igive generali ase elapa
rakeba imave parlaments: „b-bo! neba-surviliT inglisis mTavrobisa
Tqven CagabareT Zala-ufleba da Tqven gevalebodaT am olqis marTva-
gamgeoba im erTad-erTi mizniT, rom gemuSavnaT ingliselebisaTvis.
Tqven veraviTari unari ver gamoiCineT inglisis sargeblobisaTvis.
piriqiT, Tqven mavne iyaviT CvenTvis da imis magivrad, rom gagetare
binaT cxovrebaSi ingliselebis ideebi, sxva orientaciisaken iwev
diT. es yovlad miuRebelia. Tqveni „Sura“ (parlamentis saxelia) ga
mocxadebulia daSlilad da amieridan mTeli Zala-ufleba gadadis
inglisis sardlobis xelSi, romelic gadascems am Zala-uflebas mas,
vinc daicavs inglisis interesebs“. ai amgvari iyo ukanaskneli sityva
inglisis warmomadgenelisa.
unda giTxraT, rom rodesac Cvenma mTavrobam amcno mokavSireebis
sardlobas xsenebuli saxelmwifos arseboba ar Seefereba arc saqa
rTvelos, arc maT interesebs, vinaidan saTaveSi mas edga osmaleTis
jaris CamorCenili aficroba, polkovnikoba da sxvebi, es maSin ar
miiRes mxedvelobaSi da undodaT ueWvelad mTavroba Semdgariyo.
Tumca mokavSireTa sardlobas erTgvari vaWroba hqonda gamarTuli,
qarTvelebs gveubnebodnen: „yarsis mTavroba aRar varga, modiT gavhy
oT: yarsi mivceT somxebs, artaani da focxovis raioni waiReT Tqven“.
rogorc me vici, Tu vcdebi, gareSe saqmeTa ministri amas gamisworebs,
TiTqmis yarssac sTavazobdnen saqarTvelos, magram es metad didi pa
tiviscema iyo CvenTvis da amisTvis mTavrobam uarhyo. Semdeg amisa somx
ebTan hqondaT molaparakeba. imdenad Sors wavidnen, rom dahpirdnen
somxebs: „moiyvaneT Tqveni administracia, Tqveni xalxi, ltolvilebi
da Tqven ltolvilebs SeuSvebT yarsis olqSio“. marTlac auarebeli
ltolvilebi moawydnen arpaCais napirs. iq dahyves sami kvira saSinel
yinvasa, qarbuqsa da ubedurebaSi. rogorc amboben (danamdvilebiT ki
ver mogaxsenebT) 40,000 ltolvili gawyda arpaCais napirze. dRes ki
maggvar mdgomareobaSi arian yarsis musulmanebi, rodesac iq somxe
bi Sevidnen. ltolvilebi swydebian autanel pirobebSi, raic Sedegia
mokavSireTa politikiT Seqmnil wesis da rigisa...
korespondentis sityviT „Suris“ gareka moxda ase: „rodesac gen
erlis ukanaskneli sityva gaTavda, ucbad mTeli parlamenti da quCebi
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jarebiT gaivso da haeroplanebic ki dastrialebdnen qalaqs. mTeli
mTavroba daapatimres da Tavi ukres kunZul maltasaken, sadac maT
unda ifiqron da filosofiuri traqtatic dasweron im 14 punqtis
Sesaxeb, vilsonma rom gamoaqveyna da romelic cxovrebaSi gahyavT
adgilobriv generlebis meTodebiT.
msgavsi ambavi moxda naxiCevanSi. aq iyo mTavroba somxebisa da mu
sulmanebisa, dRes ki Setakeba aris somexTa da musulmanTa Soris.
SuRli, romelic arsebobs musulmanTa da somxebis Soris, saocrad mZ
vinvarebs da dRes mdgomareoba iseTia, rom mTelma naxiCevanis mxarem
uari ganucxada ingliss da mas ebrZvis iaraRiT xelSi.
ai, is meTodi, ra meTodiTac mokavSireTa sardlobas hsurs saqa
rTveloSi daamyaros myudroeba, wesi da rigi, mospos erovnuli SuR
li, romelsac Cvenda saubedurod didi safuZveli hqonda da romel
sac asazrdoebda ukve gardacvalebuli ruseTis biurokratia. dRes
am Zvelma tradiciam axali sazrdo ipova.
yvelaferi es xdeba maSin, rodesac aqedan korespondentebi
„taimss“ awvdenen iseT cnobebs, gazeT „barbaSi“ rom iyo moyvanili. iq,
sadac naTqvamia, rom amier-kavkasiis respublikaTa Soris erovnuli
SuRlia gaCaRebuli da erTmaneTi ise sZulT, rom maT ar SeuZlianT
erTad cxovrebao. me vekiTxebi mokavSireTa sardlobas: Tu es maT
ician, Tu es maT swamT, rom aseTi SuRli marTlac arsebobs, _ gana
CvenTvis saWiro iyo aseTi wesebi, aseTi saSualeba, _ ra saSualebiTac
maT surdaT am SuRlis Cakvla Cven erebSi?
rasakvirvelia xsenebuli politikiT, romelsac mohyva zemoxsen
ebuli ubedurebani amierkavkasiaSi, SuRli da uwesoeba ar moispoba.
amisTana mdgomareobaa Cvens garSemo. rogoria mdgomareoba TviT Cven
teritoriaze? ras amboben da ras sweren korespondentebi Cvens Sesax
eb? „taimsis“ korespondenti swers, somex-qarTvelTa omis Sesaxeb, da
aseT cnobebs awvdis inglisis sazogadoebas: inglisi daexmara qarT
velebs maSin, rodesac somxeTis jari sdevnida qarTvel jars, rode
sac TbilisSi unda Semosuliyo somxis jario. aseTia „taimsis“ cnoba,
magram korespondents daviwyebia erTi istoriuli data aReniSna. es
data ki gviCvenebs rom es omi moxda swored maSin, rodesac amier-ka
vkasiaSi Semovida antantis sardloba. ra kavSiria am or movlenaTa
Soris, _ es dRes ar minda aRvniSno, amas istoria aRniSnavs. magram ki
respondents, rodesac is awvdida aseT yalb cnobebs viTom omi Ses
wyda maSin, rodesac somxebi Tbiliss moadgnen _ unda erTi simarTle
mainc eTqva da an ukve cnobili data aReniSna.
garda amisa Cven gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdegs garemoebas.
baqos da baTomis gazeTebSi xSirad SexvdebiT amnairs cnobebs: „saqa
rTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem bevri iara tomsonTan, didi xani
ucada wina oTaxSi, magram man ar miiRo da mas dRes Tu xval Camoagde
ben“ da sxva. aris cnobebi, romelic Cven mTavrobas Seexeba da mTavro
ba uaryofs xolme am cnobebs, magram arc erTxel inglisis sardlobas
405
es cnobebi ar uaruyvia. adamiani, vinc etrfis da zrunavs wesiereba
ze, Tavis patiosnebis movaleobad unda CasTvalos isic, rom rodesac
yalbi cnobebi vrceldeba presis saSualebiT _ es cnobebi uarhyos.
magram Cven jer-jerobiT samwuxarod aseTi saqcieli inglisis sard
lobisagan ar gvinaxavs. piriqiT rodesac milma gaiara Tbilisze kon
stantinopolisken, baTomis gazeT „naS kraiSi“ sweria... sjobia wavi
kiTxo TviT gazeTi, aq dabeWdilia: „Cven gadmogvcemen avtoritetuli
wyaroebidan, romelnic axlo sdganan mokavSireTa samxedro wreebTan,
rom londonSi ukmayofiloni arian saqarTvelos mTavrobis moqmedeb
iT da moskovTan kavSirs apireben, es gamoixata sxvaTa Soris imiTac,
rom milma amas winad ar miiRo Tbilisis mTavrobis arc erTi warmo
madgeneli. ingliselebi apireben amier-kavkasiaSi mTeli Zala ufleba
TviT Caigdon xelSi“.
aseTi cnobebi moiTxoven uaryofas, radgan maT SeaqvT xalxSi
gaugebroba da arev-dareva, magram inglisis sardloba Cveulebisa
mebr sdums.
Cven aq gvisayvedureben oficialurad: „artaani da focxovi dai
kaveT, exla soWSi midixarT, Tqven amiT moqmedobT Cven sawinaaRmde
god da imitom varT ukmayofilonio“ gazeTSi ki ukmayofileba ax
snilia ase: „Cven ar miviReT isini, mitom rom kavSiri arsebobs maT da
moskovis Soriso“.
romelia marTali? is rasac Cven gvelaparakebian, Tu rasac
gazeTebs awvdian? gazeTSi dabeWdili, rom marTalia da maTi naTq
vamia, amas Cven gvimtkicebs is, rom mokavSireebs igi ar uaruyviaT. ra
sakvirvelia, Tu aseTi arev-dareva gamoiwvies, aseT meTodiT marTva
moisurves, saeWvoa amgvari moqmedebiT cxovrebis dawynareba da ka
lapotSi Cayeneba. inglisis dRevandeli politika amier-kavkasiaSi
misgan Seqmnili istoriuli meTodia da am meTodis saukeTeso gam
tarebelni rasakvirvelia TviT arian. unda mogaxsenoT, rom es meTo
di SeiZleba kargi iyo omamde, magram am meTods amJamad gasavali ar
eqneba da miT amier-kavkasiaSi ver moipoveben im simpatiebs, romelze
dac stiris „taimsis“ korespondenti, romlis mravalma siyalbem yve
lani agvaRelva.
unda dabejiTebiT aRviaroT, rodesac ki Careulan ingliselebi
Cvens cxovrebaSi, yovelTvis arev-dareva gamouwveviaT. ai Tund aiReT
iseTi faqti, rogoric aris magaliTad, Smagailovis istoria. jer
rodesac procesi iyo Smagailovisa, sasamarTlos mouvida werili
sastumro „oriantis“ blankze dawerili, romelsac viRac polkovniki
awerda xels. igi swerda sasamarTlos, rom b. Smagailovi da kuCarian
ci Cveni agentebi unda iyvneno da gTxovT nu gaasamarTlebTo. rasak
virvelia sasamarTlom aseTi qaRaldi, aseTi sabuTi ar miiRo mxed
velobaSi da araviTari yuradReba ar miaqcia. Semdeg amisa meored
mosweres sasamarTlos, sadac oficialuri warmomadgeneli mokav
Sireebis sardlobisa ityobinebodnen, rom Smagailovi da kuCarianci,
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rogorc TviTon gvarwmuneben, unda iyvnen Cveni agentebi da amitom
gTxovT gaanTavisufloT es xalxio. Tund inglisis agentis ganTavi
sufleba misaRebi iyos, rogorc agentisa, yovel SemTxvevaSi aseTi
sabuTiT, aseTis aqtiT ganTavisufleba SeuZlebelia. maT undaT rom
CvenSi wesrigi daamyaron, maT hsurT, sasamarTlos hqondes sasamarT
los saxe da amave dros aseT qaRaldebs gvidgenen da moiTxoven rom
ueWvelad isini ganTavisuflebulni iyvnen. amgvari dezorganizacia
SemoaqvT sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos saxels utexen, am saxelgatex
ilma, dezorganizaciulma, daSlilma sasamarTlom Tu marTlac Sec
domebi Caidina _ maSin amas danaSaulad CagviTvlian.
axla gavixsenoT is ubeduri incidenti, romelic moxda Cvens ter
itoriaze. Cvenda samwuxarod, romelic ar unda momxdariyo. es iyo in
glisel eqimis mokvla. isini Txouloben mkvlelebis daWeras, Camoxr
Cobas. romel sasamarTlos eubnebian amas? im sasamarTlos, romelsac
elaparakebian ubralo nafxrew qaRaldiT da moiTxoven misgan ukanon
obis dakanonebas? Cven viciT, rom kuCariancsa da Smagailovs jer 12
wlis katorRiT Seucvales sikvdiliT dasja, xolo Semdeg sruliad
gaanTavsuflebines da maT ukve dautovebiaT respublikis sazRvrebi.
nu Tu am gvari sasamarTloTi hsurT Sehqmnan saxelmwifo da moipovon
gavlena xalxSi? es SeiZleba velurebSi, es SeiZleba sadme aRmosav
leTSi, sadac pirvelyofili kultura aris, magram saqarTveloSi, im
saqarTveloSi, sadac demokratia 25 weliwadi gaSmagebuli ebrZoda
ruseTis biurokratias da daamxo kidec _ amgvar movlenas adgili ar
eqneba sanam cocxalia saqarTvelos demokratia (xma: marTalia! taSi).
sxva mxareebi Cveni cxovrebisa aiReT. sul ar aris 5 Tve, rac Se
mosulan ingliselebi, da Cveni fuli fuls aRar hgavs. da Tu aseTi
mdgomareoba, aseTi politika gagrZelda _ Cveni fuli woniT gasaR
deba da ara raodenobiT. rodesac isini Semovidnen girvanqa Rirda
45, dRes ki orasamde aris asuli. Cveni emisia amave dros 100 milion
iT gaizarda. rasakvirvelia Cven amaSi brals pirdapir ver davdebT
maT, magram me Cem Tavs nebas vaZlev vsTqva, rom Tu inglisis sard
loba moisurvebs am movlenas ar eqneba adgili. dRes ki aseTi mdgo
mareoba gagrZeldeba, sanam Cumi blokadaa. Cven viciT, rom im dros,
rodesac baTomSi auarebeli gemi Semodis, CvenSi, Cven navTsadgurSi
erTi gemic ar Semosula. amas abraleben xan denikins, xan sxvas; me ki
gulaxdilaT unda vaRiaro, rom araviTari brali denikins ar udevs.
sakmarisia xma amoiRos inglisis, an safrangeTis sardlobam, rom es
ara normaluri mdgomareoba moispos. exla ki ara Tu gems ar uSve
ben CvenSi, araviTar sursaTs ar gvaZleven. Cvenma vaWrebma, kooper
ativebma moisurves sazRvargared bazarTan kavSiris daWera, saz
RvargareTidan modioda xalxi da gvTxovda, rom rame qseli gaebaT
aqaur vaWar-mrewvelebTan. bevric aqedan wavida am mizniT, magram
hkiTxeT Cven vaWrebs, Tu ra gaWirveba, ra ubedureba ganicades maT,
rodesac SemTxveviT moxvdnen iq.
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Tqven iciT agredve ra daemarTa Cven delegacias konstantinopol
Si, romelic iq 2 Tveze meti iyo da rom safrangeTis muSaTa klasi ar Ca
reuliyo am saqmeSi, aqamde kaki wereTeli da CxeiZe isev konstantinop
olSi iqnebodnen. maS rogoria maTi gezi, ra surT maT? maT viTom surT
cxovrebis mowyoba, „mSvidobianobis damyareba“. magram zemo naTqvami
dan dainaxavdiT, gulwrfelad amis motrfialeni arian isini, Tu ara.
Tu marTla hsurT CvenTan kargi damokidebuloba hqondeT, ra saWiroa
aseTi yalbi cnobebis gavrceleba, reiteris saSualebiT, romlis Ses
axeb aq gareSe saqmeTa ministrma Tqven mogaxsenaT. reiteri igive ofi
ciozia, igive oficialuri saagentoa, msgavsi Zveli petrogradis de
peSaTa saagentosi. Cven kargaT viciT, rom rac ruseTis mTavrobas ar
undoda, araferi gaepareboda am saagentos. miT umetes Tu inglisis
sardlobas ar surda siyalbis gavrceleba, misi Tavidan aSoreba ad
vili iyo. reiteris saagentom gaavrcela cnoba, rom saqarTvelom das
do xelSekruleba osmaleTTan da uRalata ruseTso. magram es cnoba
uaryofili iyo jer kidev Zveli ruseTis dros da TiTqmis ruseTis
biurokratia davajereT am cnobis siyalbeSi. dRes, rodesac inglisis
da safrangeTis sardloba modis, isev imas imeoreben, rac iq ukve TviT
Zvelma ruseTma uarhyo. ai am saSualebiT, rasakvirvelia, CvenSi verav
iTar simpatias, veraviTar ndobas ver moipoveben.
aris kidev erTi ukanaskneli faqti, romlis gamo pirdapir gancv
ifrebaSi modixarT. es aris batonebo, egredwodebuli proklamacia,
romelic ukve gaakres baTomsa, baqos da borCalos mazris neitral
ur zonaSi, iq, sadac maT jaris organizacia hyavT; ai es proklamacia
me xelT maqvs. es aris dabeWdili baTomis gazeTis oficialur ganyo
filebaSi: (kiTxulobs)...
„radganac inglisis jarma kavkasiis okupacia moaxdina
1) mokavSireTa da osmaleTis Soris dadebul sazavo pirobebis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad
da 2) sazavo kongresis dadgenilebamde teritorialur sakiTx
ebis wesierad da kanonierad mosagvareblad
amisaTvis:
me, qvemore amisa xelis momweri, inglisis jarebis ufrosi, vacxa
deb, rom mcxovrebTa movaleobaa sruliad mSvidobianad moiqcenen
da ramdenadac SesaZlebelia TavianT kerZo saqmeebs mohkidon xeli.
ramdenadac isini wesierad moiqcevian da inglisisa da mokavSireTa
winaaRmdeg mimarTul yovelgvar saqmeSi Tavs Seikaveben da ar gaer
evian, imdenad ingliselTa sardlobac mas araviTar pasuxisgebaSi ar
miscems da imdenad isini safrTxes arsaidan ar unda elodnen. maTi
sakuTreba da Tavisufleba sruliad xel-uxlebeli darCeba. magram
Tu Tavis movaleobas gadauxvia, maSin samxedro drois aucilebloba
gvaiZulebs mivmarToT Zalian mZime sasjels. amisaTvis vacxadeb:
vinc mokavSireTa winaaRmdeg raimes moimoqmedebs, an daapirebs,
an mters raime saSualebiT daexmareba (an rkinis gzis gafuWebiT, an
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xidebis afeTqebiT, samxedro sawyobebis dangreviT da an sxva gvarad)
miecema samxedro sasamarTlos, an sikvdiliT da an Sesafer sasjeliT,
daisjeba.
kavkasiaSi momqmed inglisis jarebis mTavar-sardali gen. g. milni“.
rogorc xedavT, es aris dawerili martSi, magram amis Sesax
eb sakiTxi wamoayenes mxolod exla, aprilis damlevs. ra sweria aq?
TiTqmis imave dros, rodesac CvenTan sdebdnen xelSekrulebas, rom
Cvens Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caerevian es proklamacia dawerili yofi
la. dameTanxmebiT, rom proklamaciaSi dadasturebulia mxolod da
mxolod erTi azri, rom Cvens Sinaur saqmeebSi Careva aucilebelia.
Cven gvaZlevdnen qaRalds, gvarwmunebdnen, rom Tqven Sinaur saqmeSi
ar CavereviTo, da amave dros aseT proklamacias amzadebdnen da igi
gamoacxades mxolod exla. ra hsurT maT? Tu undaT iseTi wesi daam
yaron, rogoric iyo aw ukve gardacvalebul osmaleTSi, sadac yvela
saxelmwifos hqonda Tavisi ufleba, sxva da sxvanairi, es sxva saqmea.
pirdapir sTqvan, rom Cven gviyureben ise, rogorc Zvelad osmaleTs.
Tu surT, rom Tavis kanonebiT dasajon yovelive damnaSave _ es sxva
saqmea, magram unda gviTxran da Cven gvecodineba, rogori pasuxi unda
gavsceT. magram nu gveubnebian, rom Cven Sinaur saqmeSi ar Caerevian
da amave dros nu sweren proklamacias, gulSi nu atareben azrs, rom
Cven Sinaur saqmeSi Casarevad ganmzadebulni arian.
aseTi ormagia amaTi moqmedeba. magram maT hyavT Tavisi interpre
tatorebi, magaliTad „taimsis“ korespondenti, romelic ambobs, rom
sazogadod mTel amier-kavkasiis respublikebs ar SeuZlianT saxel
mwifo moawyon, veraviTari unari, veraviTari niWi ver gamoiCines
administratiul aparatis SeqmnaSi da ara aqvT saSualeba moawyon
cxovreba, ascdnen imas, rom erTi-meore ar SesWamon. Tu amaSi darw
munebuli arian, maSin Cveni mdgomareoba sul sxvanairia. saqarTve
lom Zvelad bevri ram naxa. saqarTvelo Cvenda saubedurod iyo gza,
sadac yoveli Zala, romelic moindomebda _ gaivlida. me mgonia, es
istoriuli tradicia meordeba. moZraobaSi aris mosuli mTeli
kacobrioba da TandaTanobiT modis da modis axal-axali Zala. Cven
ar viciT, romeli iqneba ukanaskneli Zala, da Cven ar varT darw
munebuli, rom xval axal ZalasTan ar gveqneba saqme. me minda vsTqva
im ebraelis sityva, romelic gamigonia odesaSi. rodesac aleqsandre
me-3-e gardaicvala, ebraelma sTqva: „aleqsandre me-3-es hsurda, rom
Cven ar vyofiliyaviT odesaSi, magram aleqsandre me-3-e gardaicvala
_ Cven ki isev odesaSi davrCiTo“. me mgonia, yvela Zala, romelic aq
SemoiWreba da araviTar angariSs ar gagviwevs, romelic moisurvebs
gagvaTaxsiros, gagvakotros da politikurad gakotrebuli xalxi
xelSi Caigdos _ aseTi Zala aq ver ixeirebs. saqarTvelos demokratia
mas Sesaferis pasuxs gascems.
me aravis ar vemuqrebi. me Zalian kargad maqvs warmodgenili Cveni
demokratiis Zala. me ar vlaparakob im zomaze, romelsac mimarTaven
409
Cvens winaaRmdeg. magram es ki unda icodes yvelam, rom winaaRmdegoba
Cvenis mxriT ueWvelad iqneba.
dasasrul, erTi ram unda movTxovoT Cven mTavrobas: naklebi
meryeoba, meti sisastike Tavisuflebis dacvaSi. da am dros aramc Tu
is ricxviT susti fraqcia, romelsac me vekuTvni, aramed mTlad saqa
rTvelo, mTeli saqarTvelos demokratia mxarSi amoudgeba yovelT
vis amgvar gamosvlebSi. mTavrobas sruli imedi unda hqondes, rom
saqarTvelos demokratia, rogorc winad, ise dResac pasuxs gascems
yvela im moZalades, romlebsac aq undaT SemoiWran da Tavisi batono
ba daamyaron Cveni Tavisuflebis nangrevebze (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs grigol
giorgaZes.
410
aucileblad saWiroa Cveni ganviTarebisTvis da revoliuciis monapo
varTa SenarCunebisTvis, _ ai es iyo Cveni umTavresi debuleba, es iyo
umTavresi xazi Cven mier aRebuli.
imave dros Cven aSkaraT da gadaWriT vambobdiT da dResac amas
vambobT, rom Cven gvsurs Rirseuli kavSiri yvela im kulturul
erebTan, visac aseTi kavSiri surs, kavSiri, romelic daicavs Cvens
interesebs da Seefardeba interesebs Cveni mokavSireebisas, kavSiri,
romelic Seefereba, rogorc Cven Rirsebas, ise sxva da sxva did saxel
mwifoebis Rirsebas.
moqalaqeno, es debuleba, es garkveuli xazi dRes Cven kidev erTx
el unda gavimevoroT da yovelive zomebi unda miviRoT, rom es lo
zungebi cxovrebaSi gavataroT. _ marTlac, roca mokavSireTa jarma
Cven qveyanaSi fexi Semodga, Cven am movlenas dadebiTad SevxedeT da
Cven xalxSi am garemoebam gamoiwvia kmayofileba. ratom? mitom rom,
rogorc aq, damfuZnebeli krebis pirvel sxdomis gaxsnis dros, Cven
ma uxucesma deputatma silibistro jiblaZem aRniSna, imitom rom in
glisi _ es aris akvani Tavisuflebisa, safrangeTi _ es aris samSob
lo revoliuciisa, amerika _ es aris demokratiis da wvrili erebis
damcveli da, rasakvirvelia, aseT saxelmwifoebrTan kavSirs Cveni
demokratias ar SeeZlo ar Sexvedroda dadebiTad.
amave dros Cven kargaT gvqonda warmodgenili, da dResac es
debuleba rCeba ZalaSi, rom yoveli kavSiri ama Tu im saxelmwifosTan
ar SeiZleba iyos agebuli marto erTgvar platoniur safuZvelze; am
kavSirs unda hqondes raime realuri interesebi.
Cven gvjeroda da dResac gvjera, imedi sruliad ar dagvikargavs,
rom mokavSireebs saqarTveloSi unda hqondeT da aqvT realuri in
teresebi.
Cveni qveyana mdidari qveyana aris. sawarmoo Zalebi masSi sustad
aris ganviTarebuli, am Zalebs amuSaveba undaT, es amuSaveba unda
moxdes ise, rom adgilobriv sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebas Tavis mim
dinareoba SerCes. ai Cven gvegona da dResac darwmunebuli varT, rom
saqarTvelo, sadac sawarmoo Zalebi unda ganviTardes, Cvens qveyana
Si, romelic aris xidi indoeTTan da xidi aRmosavleT dasavleT So
ris, _ ingliselebs da sxva mokavSireebs hqonda da dResac aqvT real
uri interesebi.
Cven isic gvesmoda: rom ganxorcieldes da xorci Seisxas am real
urma interesebma, rom maszed damyarebuli iqnes raime kavSiri mokav
SireebTan, amisTvis saWiro aris es sawarmoo Zalebi Cayenebuli iqnes
iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom mas SeeZlos ganviTareba, amisTvis ki upirve
les yovlisa saWiro iyo da aris saxelmwifoSi wesierebis damyareba,
SemoReba iseT pirobebis, rom es interesi uzrunvelyofili iyos. da
ai mTeli yuradReba qarTveli xalxisa, mTeli yuradReba saqarTvelos
mTavrobisa, mTeli misi Zal-Rone iyo miqceuli ai am sagnisadmi, rom
erTis mxriv daecva saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da meores mxriv mas
411
saqarTveloSi daemyarebina iseTi wesrigi, romelic saSualebas mis
cemda qarTvel ers eTqva, rom mas saqarTveloSi aqvs realuri inter
esebi, da am interesebze SesaZlebelia realur kavSiris Sekvra.
Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rom saqarTvelom Tavis arsebobis
dros ganicada usaSinlesi SemTxveva, yovel mxirdan. Tqven ver
daasaxelebT verc erT Tves, verc erT kviras, rodesac saqarTvelo
dasvenebuli scxovrobda da mTavrobas SeZleba hqonoda mTeli Ta
visi yuradReba mieqcia Sinaur saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobisT
vis. Cven omSi viyaviT gabmuli, daiRvara sisxli damoukideblobis
dacvisTvis. magram miuxedavad amisa dRes CvenSi Seqmnilia iseTi
pirobebi, rom dRes saqarTvelo aris iseTi erTeuli, romelic Tav
Sesafaria yvela devnilisTvis. saqarTvelo, es ukve Semovida xmare
baSi, erTad-erTi oazisia mTel Zvel ruseTis teritoriaze. dResac,
am omianobis dros, saqarTvelo ganmtkicebulia: sisxli, romelic
daiRvara damoukideblobisTvis, es ubralod daRvrili sisxli ar
aris. Cven viciT, rom omianobam sxva saxelmwifoni daangria da bevrs
dResac angrevs, magram aq aseTma mdgomareobam, brZolam damoukide
blobisaTvis, Cveni damoukidebloba ganamtkica; sisxli, romelic
daRvrilia, safuZveli aris, romelzedac damoukidebloba bolom
dis iqneba daculi.
moqalaqeno, Cven iZulebulni varT am kaTedridan, mokleT mainc,
aRvniSnoT is, vityvi pirdapir, insinuaciebi, romlebsac sazRvarga
reTis presaSi Cveni mtrebi avrceleben: viTom saqarTvelo moklebu
li aris yovelgvar unars arsebobisas, saxelmwifoebriv moqmedebi
sas. mTel Tavis arsebobis dros 26 maisidan iyo yovelmxriv Semosevis
da brZolis xana, magram, imave dros, unda icodes yvelam da es kargad
ician imaT, vinc sweren am werilebs, romelnic moTavsebulni ari
an sxva da sxva gazeTebSi, magram mas malaven, rom qarTvelma xalxma
SesZlo gaetarebina cxovrebaSi didi reformebi, rom saqarTvelom,
mxolod erTma saxelmwifoebrivma erTeulma SesZlo moewvia dam
fuZnebeli kreba, saqarTvelom SesZlo gaetarebina cxovrebaSi didi
agraruli reforma, romelic man bolomdis unda miiyvanos; saqarT
velom SesZlo daeyenebina muSaTa sakiTxi, da es sakiTxi ise gadaeWra,
rogorc es demokratias Sehferis. autanel pirobebSi, im blokadaSi,
romelsac saqarTvelo ganicdis, qarTvelma xalxma mainc hpova Zala,
rom CvenSi ar gameorebuliyo is eqscesebi, romlebsac Cven ruseTis
teritoriaze vxedavT. qarTvelma xalxma da misma mTavrobam SesZlo
am mZime pirobebSi moexdina likvidacia mTelgvar dawesebulebebisa
da im rus moxeleebs, romelnic CvenSi msaxurobden da romlis Sesaxeb
sazRvargareT gazeTebSi swerdnen, rom viTomc isini saqarTveloSi
idevnebian, 100 milion maneTamdis dasaxmareblad saqarTvelom Tavis
xazinidan gamoiRo. am mZime pirobebSi man Sehqmna SeiaraRebuli Zala,
romelic icavs saqarTvelos sazRvrebs, Tu ar miiRebT mxedveloba
Si im muxanaTur Semosevas, romelic alag-alag Cvenma jarma da gvar
412
diam ganicada; aseT Znel pirobebSi qarTvelma xalxma Sehqmna admin
istratiuli aparati da sasamarTlo, sasamarTlo iseTi, romelsac
aqvs Tavisi miudgomeli azri, romelsac gamoaqvs Tavisi miudgomeli
msjavri da romelic, diax, ar emorCileba im winadadebas, romelic
sxva da sxva mxridan mas mosdis, rogorc aq aRniSna wina molaparake
oratorma. rasakvirvelia, am aparats, Seqmnils aseTs Znels pirobeb
Si, moqalaqeno, Tan axlavs Tavisi naklulevanebani; Cven ar vfaravT,
rom yvela am aparats aqvs naklulovaneba, magram damisaxelon im va
Jbatonebma, romelnic am werilebs aTavseben sazRvargareTis presa
Si, daasaxelon eri, daasaxelon saxelmwifo, romelic aseT pirobebSi
qmnida Tavis saxelmwifos cxovrebas erTi xeliT, meore xelSi ki mas
xmali hqonda da Tavis damoukideblobas icavda. me darwmunebuli
var, rom aseT erTeuls, aseT Tavganwirul moRvaweobas, romelime
xalxisas isini ver daasaxeleben. Cven es SevZeliT da ai, moqalaqeno,
Cvenda savalalod, Cven dedaqalaSi mohkles inglisis eqimi. es ise
Ti movlenaa, romelic erTgvarad aRelvebs, awuxebs da aRSfoTebas
iwvevs yvelaSi. Cven xalxSi ver naxavT Tqven verc muSas, verc ja
riskacs, verc gvardiels, verc inteligents, verc sxva raime mdgo
mareobis pirovnebas, rom es garemoeba aRSfoTebas ar iwvevdes masSi.
me SemTxveva mqonda provinciaSi vyofiliyavi da iq mdabio xalxTan
mqonda laparaki da ver warmoidgenT Tu rogori aRSfoTeba gamoi
wvia am faqtma. da mere Tu ki TviT xalxi amgvar aRSfoTebiT egebeba
ai aseT, diaxac aRmaSfoTebel movlenebs, nu Tu am garemoebis mixed
viT unda daisvas ZiriTadi kiTxva ama Tu im Cveni mdgomareobisa? mo
qalaqeno! yvelaferi SesaZlebeli aris dRes. yvela dasaSvebi aris
da rodesac am garemoebas, am faqts, am samwuxaro movlenas Caukvir
debiT, Zalauneburad ifiqrebT, rom Cven, garSemortymuli imdeni
mtrebiT, romelnic sazRvar gareTac ki muSaobs Cvens winaaRmdeg, Za
launeburad ifiqrebT: xom ar aris aq rame iseTi, rac romelime bneli
ZalebiT gakeTebulia? xom ar aris aq iseTi ram, rac Cadenilia mitom,
rom viRamac xelzed daixvion da sabuTad gaixadon?
ai moqalaqeno, me am suraTze Cveni moRvaweobisa mtris Semosevaze
da, meores mxriv, Cven mTavrobis da qarTveli xalxis Sinaur moR
vaweobaze da realur interesebze, romelic saqarTveloSi aqvs moka
vSireebs mitom SevCerdi, rom davsva sakiTxi: visi interesi aris, rom
es siwynare, es wesiereba, es normaluri mimdinareoba Cveni cxovre
bisa, _ vis surs SebRalos, arev-dareva Semoitanos, anarqiis morevSi
gadaisrolos mowyobili saqarTvelo?
vis surs, rom es TviTmmarTvelobebi da erobebi, romelnic ai
exla fexze dgebian, sadac Cvenma moRvaweebma TavianTi niWi da unari
unda gamoiCinon?
vis surs, rom aq anarqia gaCndes, gadadgas iseTi nabiji, romelic
didi gaugebrobas da, SeiZleba iTqvas, didi brZolas Cven xalxSi ga
moiwvevs?
413
ara mgonia moqalaqeno, rom es iyos interesi mokavSireebisa. Cven
imedi unda viqonioT, rom mokavSireebs naTlad gaTvaliswinebuli
aqvT yvela es mdgomareoba, Tu ki mokavSireebis mizani is aris, rom
daicvas patara erebis interesebi, bolo mouRos yovel anarqias?
ra azriT da interesiT am mowyobil qveyanaSi, unda gaaCaRos
anarqia?
me mgonia, rom is gancxadeba, is proklamacia, rogorc mas eZax
ian, romelic aq deputatma mdivanma waikiTxa, is darCeba marto iseT
formalur aqtaT, romelic gamokruli iqneba saqarTvelos terito
riis gareSe, mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze mas adgili ar eqne
ba (taSi).
me imeds gamovsTqvam imitom, rom gvjera, rom yvela amis Semdeg
mokavSireebi gaiTvaliswineben, _ aq moqmedoben bneli Zalebi, rom
lebsac xSirad SecdomaSi SehyavT mokavSireebi. maT angariSi unda
gauwion Seqmnil mdgomareobas da imedi unda viqonioT, rom mokav
Sireebi maSin, rodesac raRac bneli Zalebi alag-alag kuTxe-kuTxe
Cven muSebSi dadian da raRac bnel saSualebiT iq surdaT kidev
anarqiuli midrekileba gamoewviaT, am anarqias mxars ar dauWeren
da saqarTvelos anarqiaSi ar gadaisroleben. ai batonebo, is Sexed
uleba, romliTac dRes unda xelmZRvanelobdes yvela is, vinc fexs Se
modgams Cven qveyanaSi da visac surs, rom Cvens qveyanaSi iyos wesrigi,
SeiZleba mogvces is saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba, romelic dawyebuli
aris, Cven bolomdisin miviyvanoT. da ai am saxelmwifoebriv muSaobis
dros, aris erTi udidesi ufleba, romelic ekuTvnis yovel adamians,
yovel cxovels, mcenaresac es, _ aris ufleba TviTdacvisa, rodesac
Tavs dagvesxmian. sakiTxi gagris, sakiTxi artaanis da focxovis Ses
axeb, es aris sakiTxi ai am gvari, _ aqvs Tu ara ufleba qarTvel xalxs,
saqarTvelos daicvas Tavi, rodesac mas Tavs esxmian? da Tu Cven gve
tyvian, rom Cven amis ufleba ara gvaqvs, rom yvelas SeuZlian gagvTe
los, fizikuraTac mogvspos, diax, magram, amas veravin ityvis; es iqneba
Selaxva uwmindesisa ara Tu erisa, ara Tu xalxisa, kerZo pirovnebisa,
da vityvi metsac, yovel cxovelisa.
da ai aiReT gagris sakiTxi, aiReT artaanis focxveris sakiTxi.
gagris da soWis olqi Cvenma jarma da Cvenma gvardiam gaswmindes jer
im elementebisagan, romelnic iq anarqias iwvevdnen, _ bolSevikebisa
gan, romelnic iq iwvevdnen yovel gvar uwesoebas, mSromel xalxs erT
meoreze amxedrebdnen; Cven mosazRvre soWis olqSi anarqia ewyoboda,
romelsac SeeZlo Cveni kedlebi Semoengria. Cven es olqi gavswmindeT
da amis Semdeg Cvenma mTavrobam winadadeba misca mokavSireebs, rom
soWis olqi maT daekavebinaT, manam, sanam es sakiTxi sabolooT gadas
wydeboda. magram mTavroba daarwmunes, rom ukeTesia jari iq darCes,
rom denikini soWis olqSi ar SemoiWreba. sruliad daimedebuli Cveni
aq darCenili razmi Semcirda, radgan brZolas ar moeloda da saubed
urod, moxaliseebma moRalaturaT es razmebi gaanadgures, tyveT ig
414
des, gadmolaxes kari Cveni qveynisa, _ gagris uReltexili, da mdinare
bzibas miadgnen. am gvarad moxaliseebi denikinis meTaurobiT Semoi
Wrnen Cven sazRvrebSi.
mere ra vqeniT Cven?
CavidineT iseTi ram, rac ar icodnen mokavSireebma?
ara. Cvenma mTavrobam maT ganucxada, rom Cveni sasicocxlo inter
esebi moiTxoven mas, rom Cven daviWiroT es xazi, romelic CvenTvis
aucileblad saWiroa strategiulis mxriv, romelic Cveni aris isto
riis mxriv da romlis Sesaxeb afxazeTis erovnulma sabWom daadgina,
rom es xazi aris afxazeTis sazRvari, romelic Sedis saqarTvelo
Si, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli. ai Turme imitom, rom Cven davi
WireT es xazi, romelic Cven sasicocxlo interesebs Seadgens, imitom
rom Cven Tavs vicavdiT Semosevisagan, romelic denikinma daiwyo da
mdinare bzibamdis movida, ai imitom, rom es Cveni wminda ufleba Cven
ganvaxorcieleT, ufleba, romelic Cven gvekuTvnis da romelsac Tu
Cven uRalateT, maSin vRalatobT mTels xalxs, rodesac mTavrobam
es ufleba Tavisi ganaxorciela, amis Sesaxeb Cven mTavrobas sTxoven
ganmartebas. ras niSnavs es? ras niSnavs am nabijis gadadgma, gana Cven
marTalni ar viyaviT, da gana is mowodeba, romelic exla soWis olq
Si gavrcelebulia, sadac marTla gamosWvivis is azri, rom sxva ere
bi, romelnic soWis olqSi scxovroben, Caerion im damokidebulebaSi,
romelic erTis mxriv denikinis da meores mxriv qarTvelebis Soris
daibada. es niSnavs dadasturebas imisas, rom qarTveli mcxovrebni,
romelnic soWis olqSi scxovroben, denikins SeuZlia Tavisuflad
Jlitos da Seaviwrovos. gana aseT gancxadebis Semdeg Cven sruliad
marTali ar viyaviT, rodesac vambobdiT, rom Cveni sasicocxlo inter
esebi moiTxoven daviWiroT is xazi, romelic aucileblad CvenTvis
saWiro aris, romelic dagvifaravs Sav da bnel reaqciis Semosevisa
gan da romelic uzrunvelgvyofs Cven anarqiisagan? am SemTxvevaSi Cven
Tavdacvis principze vdgevarT. verc erTi mematiane Cveni cxovrebisa
ver moZebnis verc erT iseT faqts, rodesac Cven Tavs vesxmodeT vismes,
Cven mudam Tavs vicavdiT. denikinis Semosvla Cven sazRvrebSi, deni
kinis mopyrobam gagris da soWis olqsi mcxovreblebisadmi _ ajanyeba
gamoiwvia moxaliseebis jarebis winaaRmdeg. am ajanyebas saqarTvelos
abraleben, magram raki Cven faqti gvaqvs imisa, rom denikini saSinlad
aviwroebda, saSinlad Jletda, musrs avlebda mcxovreblebs, mcxovre
blebi gagris da soWis olqisa maTi moqmedebiT moTminebidan gamosul
ni, moxaliseTa winaaRmdeg iaraRiT xelSi gamovidnen. es sakmarisi
sabuTi aris imisTvis, rom yoveli gaugebroba, am SemTxvevaSi, gafan
tuli iyos. Cven garkveulad vambobT imas, rac gvsurs da ugulwrfe
lobasac Cven veravin dagvwamebs. Cven sruliad darwmunebulni varT,
rom is ganmarteba gagris sakiTxis Sesaxeb, romelic mTavrobam mokav
Sireebs miawoda, amoswuravs am sakiTxs da am mxriv araviTar gaugebar
nabijis gadadgmas mokavSireebis mxriv ar eqneba adgili.
415
Cven imeds ar vkargavT imitom, rom unda mokavSireebma Seignon
Cveni mdgomareoba, Seignon rom Cven vawarmoebT Tavdacvas, da aravis
Tavs ar vesxmodiT. gana aseTive ar aris artaanis da focxveris mdgo
mareoba?
Cven SevediT axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazraSi, romelnic savse
biT ganadgurebulni iyvnen osmaleTis jarebisagan. Cven daviwyeT iq
saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba da rodesac damfuZnebel krebis arCevne
bi karze gvadga, osmaleTis agentebma, im yarsis mTavrobam romelic
suldgmulobda osmaleTis direqtivebiT, iq saSineli ajanyeba dagvi
wyo. Cven iZulebulni viyaviT muxanaTur Tavdasxmisagan, romelic iq
osmaleTis agentebma moawyes, Tavi dagvecva da Cven es umTavresi ufle
ba ganvaxorcieleT, es mazrebi Cven gavwmindeT, magram focxverSi Cven
mitom gadavediT, da TviT mokavSireTa mTavrobam, kerZoT inglisma am
SemTxvevaSi Cven dasturi focxverSi gadasvlisa dagvrTo, rom iq iyo
bude imaTi visac uwesoeba, anarqia, ajanyeba cxovrebaSi Semohqonda.
„xanioris perevali“ Cvenma jarma imitom gadaiara didi simZimiT, rom
is sdevnida mters, romelsac anarqia cxovrebaSi Semohqonda, da ar
dagani mitom davikaveT, rom samudamod mogvekla bude anarqiisa da
osmaleTis agentebisa, romelic iqidan Cvens winaaRmdeg moqmedebd
nen. yvela es moxda ara farulad, rogorc es zogierTs sCvevia, aramed
aSkarad, _ es icoda mokavSirem, es icoda inglisis sardlobam.
maS raSia saqme?
gana ar SegveZlo, rom is adgilebi, romelic Cveni arsebobisT
vis sasicocxlo arian, Cven dagvekavebia da Tavdasxma kvlav Tavidan
agvecilebina? gana ar gvekuTvnis es? ras ambobdnen maSin isini, vinc
dRes aseT winadadebas iZlevian maSin, rodesac Cven axalcixe, axalqa
laqi davkargeT, rodesac Cven awyuridan wamovediT? ras ambobdnen
maSin? ratom aseTi winadadebiT ar mimarTes im yarsis mTavrobas, ro
melsac maSin scnobdnen?
maSin isini gaCumebulni iyvnen, mxolod dRes, rodesac Cven Tav
dacvis farglebidan ar gamovsulvarT, isini mogvmarTaven, rom Cven
artaani, focxovis sazRvrebi da midamoebi davtovoT. moqalaqeno, ra
aris arsebiTad, bolos da bolos artaan-focxovis sakiTxi?
es aris is, rom Cven mezoblad mdebare strategiuli adgilebi da
kavebuli hqondes osmaleTs da mis agentebs. da gana es dasaSvebi aris
mokavSireebisTvis? moiTxovs maTi interesebi, rom es mniSvnelovani
adgilebi strategiul mxriv, iyos osmaleTis da osmaleTis agentebis
xelSi?
gana es niSnavs CvenSi wesierebis damyarebas?
gana es niSnavs xelSekrulebas Tavdacvis uflebisas?
rasakvirvelia ara, moqlaqeno!
me sruli imedi maqvs, rom am SemTxvevaSiac mokavSireni gamosZeb
nian Cven mTavrobasTan erTad, gamosZebnian iseT saSualebas, rom aq
daculi iqnes Cveni sasicocxlo interesebi. Cven ver warmogvidgenia,
416
rom mokavSireebma am adgilebSi gaabatonon osmaleTi, an osmaleTis
romelime marjvena xeli, _ es dauSvebeli aris!
yovelgvar saerTaSoriso tribunalis winaSe Cven SegviZlia gad
aWriT vsTqvaT, rom mTeli Cveni arsebobis dros, Cven ar gadagvidgams
arc erTi nabiji, romliTac Cven gveRalatnos ai am principisTvis,
Tavdacvis principisTvis. moigoneT, romelic gnebavT Semoseva Cvens
qveyanaSi, moigoneT Cvens winaaRmdeg gamolaSqreba, rodesac amow
uruli iyo yvela saSualebani da rodesac Cven Tavs gvesxmodnen, mx
olod maSin xmali aviReT da Tavi davicaviT. da Tu gadaidga nabiji
mokavSireTa mxriv, an romelime Zalis mxriv, romelic SebRalavs Cvens
damoukideblobas, SebRalavs Cvens suverenobas, Cven am princips sab
olood ganvaxorcielebT. Cven verc maSin, rodesac romelime Zala
an garedan, an Signidan dagvecema, Cven am princips ver uRalatebT.
da araviTar SemTxvevaSi, rogorc ar unda iyos nabiji gadadgmuli,
visganac ar unda iyos, Cven ufleba gvaqvs yovelTvis Tavi davicvaT.
qarTveli xalxi, umTavresad saqarTvelos demokratia, gaigebs so
cial-demokratiis fraqciis sulis kveTebas, gaigebs, rom is mudam
da dResac Tu ki romelime nabiji iqneba gadadgmuli demokratiis da
Cveni suverenobis winaaRmdeg, Cven Tavs davicavT, da am Tavis dacvis
saqmeSi me darwmunebuli var, rom CvenTan iqneba mTeli qarTveli
demokratia, CvenTan iqneba mTeli qarTveli xalxi, ganurCevlad md
gomareobisa, ganurCevlad mimarTulebisa. da arasodes, moqalaqeno,
Cveni mTavroba ise ar saWiroebda srul Cven ndobas Tavis moqalaqe
obisa, rogorc dRevandel pirobebSi. am kaTedridan gadaWriT unda
iTqvas, da gadaWriT miemarTos qarTvel ers, qarTvel demokratias,
miemarTos yvela mas, visTvisac Zvirfasi aris revoliuciis monapo
varTa SenarCuneba: Tu Cveni yvela imedebi gacruvdeba, damfuZnebeli
kreba, masTan erTad misi mTavroba da demokratia Tavdacvas awar
moebs saqarTvelos damoukideblobis da revoliucionur monapovar
Ta dasacavaT (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis sp. kedias.
417
mimdinareobiT. am or Zalis Sewyoba Tu Seuwyobloba, bolos hqmnis
Cveni qveynis mdgomareobas. amitomac, Tu Cven gvsurs mdgomareobis
Segneba, mdgomareobis gageba da samermisod swori gzis aReba, rom
dRevandeli viTareba kvlav ar ganmeordes, Cven gvmarTebs, gareSe
revoliuciur frazebisa, da met SemTxvevaSi, ara saWiro muqarisa,
_ ufro Cafiqrebuli da swori analizi Sinaur da garemomcvel mov
lenebisa. me vfiqrob, miudgomeli analizi Cveni mdgomareobisa, Cveni
sakuTari Zalisa, Cveni sakuTari politikisa erTis mxirv, da meores
mxriT gageba im xalxTa da saxelmwifoTa namdvili suliskveTebisa
da politikisa, romlebic dRes TiTqmis mTel qveynierebas ganageben,
mogvcemda imis Segnebas, Tu ras unda vSvrebodeT da ras ara. da es
ori mxare Cveni dRevandeli momentis Semqmneli, ar aris Tqven mier
wesierad awonili. damoukideblobas dacva rom unda, es udavo aris
yvela qarTvelisaTvis da aq, am tribunidan saamiso deklaracia arc
aris saWiro. veravin ver amoSlis samSoblos im Rrma gancdasa da
Segnebas, romelic Cvens arsebaSia CanivTebuli. magram, damoukide
blobis dacvas unda Sexamebuli meTodi; saqarTvelo ganmartovebul
kunZulzed ar aris, rom angariSi aravis gauwios. saqarTvelos mdgo
mareoba, dRes ukve es cxadi unda iyos CvenTvis, im Zalebis Seferxebi
sgan warmosdgeba, romelnic did saxelwifoebis cxovrebas ganageben.
da radgan es asea, nu Tu batonebo, Cven ar gvmarTebs gaviTvaliswinoT
da gavigoT swored, Tu ra Zalebia es Zalebi da romel saxelmwifozea
damokidebuli Cveni mdgomareobis saboloo gadawyveta da is, Tu
ranairi social-politikuri motivebi axasiaTebs dRes am saxelmwi
foebs. Cven gvgonia, rom amis swored gageba, metad aucilebelia da
Cven unda gavigoT kidec. saqarTvelo warmoiSva, viciT ra pirobebSi,
_ revoliucia da omi iyo mSobeli Cveni damoukideblobisa. da dRi
dan am revoliuciisa evropa da amerika or did banakad daiyo. erTis
mxriv, revoliucia misi meTodiT _ ngrevisa da ganadgurebis, xolo
meores mxriv, Zvel wesierebis gardamqmneli Zala, romelic evoli
uciurad scdilobs gaaumjobesos, ganaviTaros, rogorc ekonomi
urad, ise politikurad, qveynis mdgomareoba. esaa ori sxva da sxva
msoflmxedveloba, ori sruliad sxva da sxva qveyana. es ori Zala, es
ori mimdinareoba erTi-meores exeTqeba da am SemTxvevaSi saqarTve
lom unda sabolood gamoarkvios, Tu visi mxare uWiravs da visi sim
patiebi aqvs. saqarTvelos Tavis sakuTaris ZaliT, romelic ar hyavda
da jerac ara hyavs mowyobili, ar SeuZlian martod-marto am or tri
alSi TviTganmtkiceba. mas esaWiroeba megobris xeli da TanagrZnoba
im did saxelmwifoTa, romelnic dRes movlenebs sardloben. aseTebi
gvyvanan kidec. es antantis saxelmwifoebia da nu Tu aseT SemTxveva
Si, ar unda vscdilobdeT gavigoT megobari da samegobro xalxebisa
da saxelmwifoebis suliskveTeba, rom SesaZlebeli iyos namdvili ka
vSiris damyareba Cvens Soris? amaT garda, Tu ara bolSevikuri uwe
soeba, sxva gza da sxva arCevani CvenTvis ar arsebobs. da amitomac Cve
418
ni Sinagani politika, mTeli Cveni saerTo erovnuli politika, unda
iyos SeTanxmebuli im mTavar ZiriTad politikasTan, romlis, rogorc
RerZis garSemo, trialeben gamarjvebuli saxelmwifoebi; _ an saqarT
velo TviT unda iyos Zalian Zlieri Tavis SeiaraRebuli ZalebiT, rom
Tavic daicvas da Tavisi revoliuciuri politika sxva saxelmwifoeb
sac miaRebinos, an da, radgan aseTi masStabiT Zala saqarTvelos ara
aqvs, xolo meores mxriT, mas gamarjvebuli saxelmwifos TanagrZno
ba da daxmareba esaWiroeba, _ saqarTvelom Tavis Sinaur politikas
unda misces zomieri liberaluri xasiaTi, rogorc evropa-amerikis
demokratiul qveynebSia da gadaWriT ukuagdos bolSevikur revoli
uciis qaosSi gaxveuli ruseTis principi da meTodi.
Sinaur politikaSi yvela ZalTa SemaerTebeli kompromisi, yvela
cocxal erovnul ZalTa harmoniis Seqmna da saRi ekonomiuri reforme
bis warmoeba uZarcva-glejod, ai ra gagvamtkicebda Sin da gareT.
sagareo politika, romelic amgvari Sinauri politikis emana
cia iqneboda, Tavis bunebiT Seewyoboda did saxelmwifoebis saerTo
xazs da sruliad misaRebi iqneboda im erebisaTvis, romelnic saqarT
veloSi Semodian. xolo Cven iseTi gezi aviReT, rom rac win mivdi
varT, Cvensa da maT Soris winaaRmdegobas vaRrmavebT. me vfiqrob,
rom swored es Seqmnili gansxvavebaa is mizezi, romelmac mravaljer
Segviqmna dRevandelis mzgavsi kritikuli momenti da romelic moma
valSiac kidev bevrjel Segviqmnis.
diax, batonebo! ZiriTadi mizezi am kritikuli momentebisa mdgo
mareobs imaSi, rom im Zalebs, romelnic dRes batonebi arian, alRo
ver avarTviT da angariSs ar uwevT. ar uwevT angariSs maT motivebs,
maT moqmedebas, maT politikas.
maS, exla ra unda vakeToT?
miucilebeli saWiroeba aris Cveni politikis gadaxedva da misi
imgvarad wayvana, rom ar iyos arc principiuli konfliqtebi da arc
meTodiuri konfliqtebi, Cvensa da im saxelmwifoTa Soris, romel
nic, vimeoreb, mdgomareobis es aris erTad-erTi swori xazi da er
Tad-erTi Semomqmedi politika saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisTvis. sxva
gamosasvleli Cven ara gvaqvs. vnaxoT daijerebs amas mTavroba Tu
ara? batonebi arian.
exla sagans konkretiulad SevexoT da vnaxoT mokavSireTa moq
medeba TviT saqarTveloSi.
saqarTveloSi Semosulma mokavSirem, rom qarTveli xalxis
erovnuli uflebis Segneba da suverenoba Selaxa, es cxadia; Selaxa ara
deklaratiulad, ara sityvierad, piriqiT, sityvierad da deklara
tiulad igi acxadebs princips, rom saqarTvelos damoukidebloba
xeluxlebelia. magram faqtiurad, mTel rig moqmedebiT Cveni teri
toriis farglebSi, mokavSireTa warmomadgenlobam mogvca auarebe
li sabuTi, rom is ar scems Tavis sityvas pativs da stexs mas Zalian
xSiradac. Tqven aq ukve moismineT wina oratorebisagan faqtebi, amas
419
rom metyveloben. mokavSireTa pirveli Semosvla saqarTveloSi imiT
aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelo iZulebuli gaxda xeli moewera iseT xe
Sekrulebazed somxebTan, omis damTavrebisas, romelic miuRebelia
Cven saxelmwifoebriv interesebisTvis. es faqti, romelic moxda ma
Sin inglisis CareviT da ZaldatanebiT, _ rasakvirvelia saqarTve
los mTlianobisa da mis suverenobis Semkveceli faqtia. meore faqti,
romelic aq dasaxelebuli iyo, Smagailovisa da kompaniis, _ agreTve
imas gvimtkicebs, rom Semosuli inglisis warmomadgenloba pativs ar
scems damoukidebel qveyanas da mis sasamarTlos. kidev meti. am pro
cesidan da nabijebidan, romlebic am procesSi inglisis oficialur
ma pirma gadadga, mtkicdeba, rom inglisi monawile iyo am Zegvis xidis
afeTqebaSi. inglisis oficialuri piri saqarTveloSi acxadebs: vinc
Zegvis xidis afeTqeba moawyo, Cveni agentebi ariano! Semdeg, amave ri
gis faqtia artaanis faqti.
inglisis misiis TanxmobiT da nebarTviT SevediT artaanSi, auare
beli msxverpli gaviReT, da dRes igive misia gveubneba _ es mxare unda
dastovoTo. aq aris sxvisi msxverplis abuCad agdeba, sxvisi interesi
sa da Tavmoyvareobis gaTelva. amas mourideblad sCadis inglisis mis
ia. iseTive aris moTxovnileba ingliselebis Sesaxeb im mkvlelobisa,
romelic aq ukve dagvisaxeles.
ai faqtebi, ai ingliselebis moqmedebani, romelnic Cvens suv
erenobas exebian.
Cvenis mxriT dauSaveT rame? SeulaxeT, an Tavmoyvareoba, an
Rirseba? araviTari amis mgzavsi ar momxdara. inglisis winaaRmdeg
ar mogvimoqmedebia iseTi ram, raica Semlaxveli yofiliyos misi Tav
moyvareobisa. aseTi pirobebSi, sruliad inglisis missiis nabijebi da
moqmedebani kanonierad ajanyebs da amxedrebs mTel qarTvel xalxs.
nametur mZimea qarTveli kacisTvis teritoriis sferoSi misi kanon
ieri uflebis Sekveca. saqarTvelos teritoria, es gansakuTrebuli
raRacaa qarTveli kacisTvis. me ar meguleba meore tomis adamiani,
romelsac Tavis miwa-wyali iseT simtkiciT da siZlieriT uyvardes,
rogorc es qarTvels uyvars. es movlena da garemoeba SemTxveviTi ar
aris. Cven ar vcxovrobT okeaneTa garSemortymiT dacul kunZulze.
Cveni samSoblo gza da xidi iyo da aris or did qveyanas Soris.
am xidze swarmoebda mudmivi Sexla-Semoxla sxva da sxva xalxs Soris.
Cvens qveyanaSi kenWi ar aris, romelic aTasjer ar gadatrial-gad
motrialebuliyos da ise ar epovos Tvisi exlandeli ekilibri.
saukuneTa brZoliT da muSaobiT aris Cveni qveynis teritoria da
sazRvari dadgenili da rodesac uceb Semosuli Cvens teritorias
ese advilad moepyroba da CvenTvis gaugebaris xalvaTobiT mas aqeT-
iqiT gaboZebas dauwyebs, _ cxadia, qarTveli xalxi mRelvarebasa da
ajanyebaSi mova.
aseTia es faqtiuri mxare, romelic sabuTs gvaZlevs vifiqroT,
rom aq mosuli inglisis warmomadgenloba mainc da mainc Cven mego
420
brulad ar gvepyroba, da iqceva ise, rogorc es ar SeSvenis viTomda
wesierebis dasacavad mosul saxelmwifos.
minda kidev erT rameze migiTiToT. Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT,
batonebo, rom Cven dResac omi gvaqvs CrdiloeTSi denikinTan. Cven
Tan erTad mTeli mTac omobs denikinTan, denikini Tavis ZalebiT
ilaSqrebs saqarTvelosa da mTielTa da sxva amier-kavkasiis damou
kidebel respublikebis winaaRmdeg. amave dros warmomadgenloba
amier-kavkasiis erT-erT saxelmwifodan general denikins Teqvsmet
vagons ugzavnis sxva da sxva amunicias: Tofs, zarbazans da sxvas. xom
SeiZleba generalma denikinma Cvenive Tof-zarbazniT Cvenve gagva
nadguros! mas SeuZlian es zarbaznebi Cven dagviSinos, ise rogorc
bolSevikebsac. mxolod droisa da saWiroebis sakiTxia es misTvis.
inglisis misiis aseTi moqmedeba bunebrivad badebs CvenSi eWvs da
gaugebrobas. aq aSkarad winaaRmdegobaa inglisis sityvis da saqmes
Soris. aseTi orWofuli mdgomareobaa. mTel Tveebis ganmavlobaSi,
mas aqeT, rac ingliselebi saqarTveloSi Camovidnen; Cven ver movax
erxeT, rom inglisis politika sinaTleze gamotaniliyo, saTanado
diplomatiuri xazi da gezi ver aviReT, esec _ minusia Cvenis diplo
matiis xerxianobis.
exla vikiTxoT, nu Tu marTla Sexla-Semoxlisa da konfliqtis
meti saerTo da saTanaxmo araferia Cvensa da inglisis Soris?
Cvenis rwmeniT, Cveni interesebi ZiriTad rameSi erTmaneTs urig
debian. amier-kavkasia da misi politikuri da topografiuli guli
_ saqarTvelo placdarmia indoeTisken misaSver zarbaznebisaTvis. es
placdarmi didi muqara iyo ruseTis xelSi inglisis batonobis wi
naaRmdeg. es placdarmi ruseTs xelidan gauvarda. rogorc Cven varT
dainteresebuli Cvens damoukideblobaSi ise inglisic dainterese
buli unda iyos, es placdarmi darCes Tavisufali, damoukidebeli da
misTvis uvnebeli.
am mxriv, saqarTvelo-inglisis erTnairi dakavSireba, saerTo
miznebis Sesawyobad, modus Vivendi-is gamosanaxavad, orive qveynis Zir
iTadi interesebis brZanebaa.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom am modus Vivendi-s gamoZebnaSi unda gamoiTqvas
dRes Cven mTavrobisa da damfuZnebel krebis politika. magram am Se
Tanxmebas da dakavSirebas, vimeoreb, erTi miucilebeli piroba unda
edvas saZirkvlad: saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. am pirobiT saqarT
velo-inglisis Soris saerTo enis gamoZebna, da saerTo miznebis Sexam
eba, saerTo muSaobisa da saqmianobisTvis, SesaZlebelia da misaRwevi.
_ ai ra aris dRes gasakeTebeli, da ra mxriv unda iyos mimarTuli Cveni
politika. Cven darwmunebuli varT imaSi, rom is saerTo ena erT dRes
gamoiZebneba. manamde ki Cven gvmarTebs dinji, auCqarebeli muSaoba,
da movlenebis swori Sefaseba. rac Seexeba im garemoebas, rom vini
cobaa, miuxedavaT yovelgvar molodinis, Cven damoukideblobas xeli
Seaxes, da mas, rac qarTvels xalxs uZvirfases samkaulad da ganZad mi
421
aCnia, xeli wamoavles, _ maSin Rirseba da Tavisufleba unda davicvaT
da aq kilos auwevlad unda daidvas patiosani sityva moqalaqisa, rom
am gvar wuTs Rirseulad SevxvdebiT.
magram es aris ukiduresi saSualeba da zoma, romlis Sedegebi Zne
lad gasaTvaliswinebelia da amitom, vidre es ukiduresoba naxmari
iqnebodes, unda amowuruli iyos yvela meTodi da RonisZieba saerTo
enis gamoZebnis da saerTo ZiriTadi interesebis misagnebad.
dRevandeli mdgomareoba gvikarnaxebs, rom gezi gamarjvebul
mokavSireTa saerTo politikas SeuxamoT. Cveni politika, Cveni
saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSenebelobis programa, Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi
mimarTuleba unda iyos principiulad misaRebi, rom maTTan mudmiv
principiul konfliqtSi ar vimyofebodeT. vimeoreb, Tu Zveli gza
da politika ganvagrZeT, Cven verc am moments ganvliT samSvidoT da
Tu es ganvleT, ufro rTulsa da sabedisweros wavawydebiT. davag
doT gza meryeobis da qanaobis, davtovoT meTodi bolSevikur revo
lucionarizmTan „Saikobisa“ da amis nacvlaT aviRoT gza, mtkice da
gancdili gza reformuli, mSvidobiani ganviTarebisa da saRi evolu
ciuri demokratiisa. am gziT ufro imedianaT mivitanT Cveni qveynis
saboloo simtkices.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
422
focxovi da artaani, igive inglisis sardloba ukmayofiloa am mov
leniT. maSasadame, inglisis sardlobam jer waaqeza Cveni mTavroba,
rom mas artaani da focxovi daekavebia, exla-ki ukmayofiloa am ad
gilebis Cven mier dakavebiT.
ra saxeli unda vuwodoT inglisis sardlobis aseT saqciels?
me mgonia, rom amas ewodeba provokacia.
exla gavigoT, ra moxda gagris olqSi da ratom aris inglisis
sardloba ukmayofilo Cveni jaris mier gagris olqis dakavebiT.
rodesac pirvelad daisva sakiTxi soWis olqis dacvis Sesaxeb, rode
sac Cvenma mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mas mxolod droebiT ukavia soW
is olqi TviT soWis olqis mcxovrebTa TxovniT da rom saqarTvelos
mTavrobas ara aqvs survili samudamoT dairCinos es olqi, inglisis
sardlobam maSin ganucxada Cvens mTavrobas, rom saqarTvelos jarebi
unda darCnen soWis olqSi manam, sanam sadao olqebis sakiTxi ar gadas
wydeba parizis konferenciaze. ase rom soWis olqi eWira Cvens jars
ingliselebis TanxmobiTac. Semdeg ra moxda? moxda is, rom Cven jar
ebs veragulaT Tavs daesxa denikinis jari, _ soWis olqi Cvenebs daa
clevina da gagris olqSi SemoiWra. rogorc mogexsenebaT inglisis
sardloba maSin ar iyo kmayofili gagraSi denikinis jaris SemoWriT
da Cvens mTavrobas ganucxada, rom is yovel zomas miiRebs, rom gagris
olqi denikins daaclevinos da saqarTvelos Caabaros.
exla ra moxda iseTi, rac inglisis sardlobis survilebs ewi
naaRmdegebodes? marTalia, Cvenma jarma gagris olqi daikava, magram
es xom wineT inglisis sardlobam TviT dapirda Cvens mTavrobas. da Tu
exla inglisis sardloba imis winaaRmdegia, rac wineT TviT aRuTqva
Cvens mTavrobas, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ra unda vuwodoT Cven ingli
sis sardlobis aseT saqciels da CvenSi mis moRvaweobas? aqvs Tu ara
adgili am SemTxvevaSic maT morig provokacias, da aris Tu ara maTi
guliswyroma Sedegi im orWofuli politikisa, romelsac isini Cven
Si awarmoeben?
inglisis sardloba Cvens da maT Soris ara sasurvel ganwyo
bilebis damyarebis erT-erT mizezaT sTvlis agreTve inglisel eqi
mis mokvlas. CvenSi, rom aravis hklavden da inglisel eqimis mokvla,
rom erTad-erTi sanimuSo SemTxveva yofiliyo qalaq TbilisSi, maSin
SeiZleboda inglisis sardlobas efiqrebia, rom ingliselebis wi
naaRmdeg raRac SeTqmuleba arsebobso. magram aravisTvis dasamala
vi ar aris, rom exla xSiria mkvleloba, rogorc CvenSi, agreTve sxva
qveynebSic da TviT inglisSic. Cveni respublikis mTavroba ebrZvis
iseT saSinel movlenebs, rogoric aris mkvleloba, Zarcva-gleja
da sxva, da damnaSave pirT sastikaT sjis. magram me mainc ver war
momidgenia, ratom unda sargeblobdes ingliseli eqimi meti privi
legiuri mdgomareobiT saqarTveloSi, vidre saqarTvelos yoveli
moqalaqe? saqarTveloSi yoveli moqalaqe, ganurCevlad qveSevrdo
mobisa, TanabraT sargeblobs pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis arsebul
423
garantiebiT da inglisel eqimis mkvleloba aris Sedegi ubralo sam
wuxaro SemTxvevisa, da aq, SesaZlebelia, inglisel eqimis magivrad
yofiliyo qarTveli an sxva tomis eqimi. mxolod ase SegviZlia Cven
SevxedoT am samwuxaro movlenas da ase unda gaego es inglisis sard
lobas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, inglisis sardloba valdebulia
daamtkicos, rom Cven mTavrobas an Cvens administracias raime dan
aSauli miuZRvis inglisel eqimis mkvlelobaSi. amas inglisis sard
loba ver daamtkicebs, radganac Cvens mTavrobas inglisel eqimis
mokvlaSi imdeni danaSauli miuZRvis, ramdeni TviT inglisis sard
lobasac, amitom, Cvenis azriT, eqimis mokvla aq ubralo momizeze
baa, Torem yovlad SeuZlebelia aseTi SemTxveviTi da ubralo, Tumca
samwuxaro, movlena gamxdariyo erT-erT umTavres mizezaT Cven da aq
myof ingliselTa Soris damokidebulebis gamwvavebisa.
me mgonia, rom inglisis sardlobas surs yoveli kavSiri gaswyvi
tos Cvens mTavrobasTan da ise imoqmedos CvenSi, rogorc amas moiT
xovs ruseTis reaqcionerebis da imperialistebis interesi.
yvela amas Cven unda movelodeT, radganac yovlad SeuZlebelia
Cven warmovidginoT, rom gulwrfelad fiqrobden CvenTan keTil
ganwyobilebis damyarebas iseTi mTavrobaTa warmomadgenlebi, rom
lebic eyrdnobian denikinis Savrazmul Zalebs da surT denikinis
jaris saSualebiT gaamefon reaqcia mTel yofil ruseTis imperiaSi
da kerZod, Cemis azriT, saqarTveloSic. gana SesaZlebelia, inglisis
demokratiam gaamefos denikinis reJimi, denikinis reaqcionuri Zala
TviT inglisSi? ara, TavisTvis ar moisurveben amas ingliselebi, ma
gram inglisis sardloba, romelsac saqarTvelo albaT miaCnia iseT
velur qveyanad, rogoric aris zogierTi inglisis kolonia, CvenSi
denikinebsac ki gamogzavnis „wesierebis“ dasamyareblad.
yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven valdebuli varT sabolood gamovarkvioT
da TviT inglisis sardlobis umaRles warmomadgenlidan movisminoT,
Tu risTvis arian inglisis jarebi Camosuli saqarTveloSi da uweven
Tu ara seriozul angariSs saqarTvelos respublikis damoukidebel
arsebobis faqts.
yovlad SeuZlebelia Cven maT davuTmoT focxov-artaan-gagris
sakiTxSi, radganac Cven uzrunvelyofili ar viqnebiT, rom momavalSi
inglisis sardloba met moTxovnlebebs ar wamogviyenebs da Cveni qvey
nis damoukideblobas sruliad ar mospobs.
agreTve Cven inglisis sardlobas unda SevagnebioT, rom Cven
verc erT mis sityvas ver davujerebT da pativiscemiT ver movepyro
biT, Tu is Tavis dapirebebs yovel fexis nabijze daarRvevs da Tavis
oficialur gancxadebas, rom is Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caereva, Tvi
Tonve uaryofs.
Tqven dRes moismineT gancxadeba, rom inglisis sardlobas baTum
Si gamouSvia mowodeba, sadac naTqvamia, rom ingliselebma okupacia
uyves mTel amier-kavkasias, e.i. saqarTvelosac, rom isini wesierebas
424
amyareben iq, rom yoveli moqalaqe, romelic raime borot-moqmedebas
Caidens amier-kavkasiis teritoriaze, sikvdiliT daisjeba inglisel
sardlobis miero.
aris Tu ara es mowodeba Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi Careva?.. aris.
Tumca Cveni respublikis teritoriaze jer aseTi mowodeba ar aris
quCebSi gamokruli, magram baTumis quCebSi ki aris da inglisis sard
lobis warmomadgenels xeli aqvs mowerili. CvenSi inglisel jarebis
SemosvlisTanave, inglisis sardlobam oficialurad acnoba Cvens
mTavrobas, rom is saqarTvelos respublikis Sinaur saqmeebSi ar
Caereva, magram man dRes es Tavis dapireba daarRvia da amis Semdeg
maT gulwrfelobaze laparaki zedmetia da, Cemis azriT, momavalSi
saqarTvelos respublikis mdgomareoba gauaresdeba, Tu Cven saerTo
ena ver gamovnaxeT iseT ZalebTan, romlebsac aerTebs Cvens demokra
tiasTan saerTo mizani da saerTo miswrafebani.
aseT ZalebaT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ver CaiTvlebian inglisis impe
rialistebi. _ es Zala aris revoliucionuri demokratia, da Tu mas
Tan ver gamovnaxeT saerTo ena, garwmunebT, rom Smagailovis ganTa
visuflebis istoria CvenSi xSirad ganmeordeba da, SeiZleba, bolos
vinanoT Cven, rom TavSi gadametebulis ndobiT vepyrobodiT ingli
sis sardlobis dapirebebs da mis oficialur werilobiT gancxade
bebs, rom isini Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caerevian.
maSasadame, rogor unda moiqces Cveni mTavroba? me imeds ar vkar
gav, rom Cveni mTavroba amis Semdeg mainc ufro garkveul gzas daadge
ba, rom Cveni mTavroba mimarTavs inglisis sardlobas SekiTxviT, _
ereva is Tu ara Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi da Tu ar ereva, riT aixsneba is
mowodebebi, romelic gakrulia baTumis quCebSi, riT aixsneba Smagai
lovis ganTavisuflebis istoria, riT aixsneba focxovis, artaanis da
gagris olqebSi Cveni jaris SesvliT gamowveuli maTi ukmayofileba
da sxva.
Tu inglisis sardlobam ganacxada, rom is Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi
ereva da ar scnobs Tavis oficialur werilobiT dapirebebs, maSin
dee Cvenma revoliucionurma demokratiam TviT gadaswyvitos sakiTxi,
Tu rogor unda moiqces saqarTvelos mTavroba. me darwmunebuli var,
rom Cveni demokratia brZnul dadgenilebas gamoitans am SemTxvevaSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
425
sa, da ara im kerZo faqtebisa da kerZo movlenebisa, romelTac adgili
hqonda ama Tu im saxiT.
aq ar aris kiTxva Tavis Tavad arc focxovisa da artaanisa, arc
mexadiris mdinarisa, arc moklul eqimisa.
aq aris kiTxva arsebiTi, kiTxva saqarTvelos TviTarsebobisa, aq
aris mTavari ZiriTadi sakiTxi imisa, unda iarsebos demokratiul
saqarTvelom Tu es unda gaxdes ubralo koloniaT romelime didi
samefosi?
ai, Tu am TvalsazrisiT gavsinjavT Cven yovelive imas, rac Cvens
garSemo xdeba dRes, me mgonia, uimedobis beWedi ar unda daesvas Cven
Subls.
me mgonia, rom yvela am faqtebs, romlebsac SeuZlian Tavis Tavad,
mtkivneulobis grZnoba gamoiwvios Cvens gulSi, da romliTac SeiZle
ba ase Tu ise ilaxebodes Cveni eris da respublikis Tavmoyvareoba, _
yvela am faqtebs ar aqvs iseTi didi mniSvneloba, rom RrRnides da
sWrides mTavar RerZs, razedac dayrdnobilia Cveni saxelmwifo. bo
los da bolos Cven viciT, rom arc artaani yofila Cvens xelSi maSin,
rodesac Cveni damoukideblobis saZirkveli Caiyara, da arc mexadi
ris mdinare gvqonda Cven maSin sazRvraT. es ar aris mTavari, miuxeda
vaT imisa, rom es ori adgili didi strategiul mniSvnelobisa arian
Cven respublikisTvis.
me vambob, Tu kiTxva dadga iaraRze da Zalaze, Tu kiTxva dadga
sazRvrebis gamagrebaze, rom mteri ar SemouSvaT Sin am did, veeba
saxelmwifos saxiT, romlis interesi gadaxlarTulia saqarTvelos
arsebobasTan, da saqarTvelos TviT arsebis interesebTan, rasak
virvelia, Cveni xmali verafers gaawyobs, veraferi simagre, veravi
Tari simaRleebi, verc garduvali mTebi dagvifaraven am Semoseul
Zalebisagan. magram arsebiTad sakiTxi ar swydeba im strategiul
mdgomareobiT, ar swydeba arc mexadiris mdinariT, arc artaanis
qedebiT.
sakiTxi Cveni damoukideblobisa gadaswydeba da unda gadas
wydes CvenSive, Cveni TviT arsebobis unariT im energiiT, im ZaliT,
im politikur gamWriaxobiT, romelsac gamoiCens Cveni xalxi Tavis
saqmis mowyobaSi. gansakuTrebiT unda gaesvas xazi aseT mdgomareo
bas maSin, rodesac gvaqvs saqme aseT saxelmwifosTan, rogorc ingli
si. mTeli politika ingliselebisa aris ara politika xelSekrulo
bisa da iuridiul formalobisa, aramed ubralo politika, faqtiur
mdgomareobis Seqmnisa. diax, es aris mTavari RerZi im saxelmwifosi,
romelic mosulia dRes CvenSi. Tu germaniis Semosvlis dros Cven
SegveZlo dagvedo raime xelSekruleba, erTgvari pirobebi, romel
ic meTodiuri sisworiT, raindulad unda Seesrulebina erTsa da
meore mxares, amis Tqma SeuZlebelia inglisis mimarT. aq umTavresi
mniSvneloba aqvs faqtiur mdgomareobas, im SemoqmedebiTi niWs da
energias, romelsac dainaxavs inglisis sardloba da inglisis mTav
426
roba aq, da im interesebs, romlis gamo inglisis sardloba aq aris
Camosuli. am or ZalTa Soris unda gamoinaxos is saSualeba, xazi,
romelic misaRebia CvenTvisac da im saxelmwifoebisTvisac, romel
nic aq mosulni arian. mxolod am xazis swored gagebiT, aseT alRos
aRebiT Cven SegviZlian, rom uzrunvelvyoT Cveni damoukidebloba.
sxva yovelive gza am SemTxvevaSi unayofoa da uSedego. xmlis Zalas
adgili ara aqvs, es ar aris mTavari Zala; mTavari aris mowyoba Cveni
saxelmwifosi. am mxriv Tu SevxedavT Cven mdgomareobas, miuxedavaT
misi mraval naklisa, Cven ar SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom unugeSo md
gomareobaSi viyoT. marTlac Tu warmogidgeniaT romelime saxel
mwifo, araraobisagan warmoSobili, romelsac jer wlis Tavic ar
Sesrulebia, magram romelsac aqvs iseTi suverenuli gamomxatveli
Tavis nebisa da survilisa, rogoric aris damfuZnebeli kreba, TviT
faqti am krebis arsebobisa, mowmobs did saxelmwifoebriv Semoq
medebas im erisa, im xalxisa, im demokratiisa, romelmac SesZlo ase
Ti didi uflebebi da revoliucionuri lozungebi ganexorcielebi
na, faqtad eqcia.
amitom me vambob, rogoric unda iyos xazi, survili, mimarTule
ba da miswrafeba sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebisa kavkasiaSi da kerZo
saqarTvelosi, isini yovelTvis gauweven angariSs im faqtiur mdgo
mareobas, romelsac adgili aqvs CvenSi. Tu Tqven gnebavT, aris amis
magaliTebi dResac. es magaliTebi igive moqmedebania, romelTac aq
didi kritikiT da gakicxviT ixsenieben. ai, Tundac istoria cnobil
gancxadebisa, romelic baTumSi da baqoSi gamokrulia, borCaloSiac,
neitralur sartyelSi, magram saqarTvelos teritoriaze ki arsad;
man moiara Cvens garSemo irgvliv da sruliad xeluxlebeli dastova
swored is teritoria, romelic Cveni suvenerobis qveS imyofeba. es
moxda imitom, rom aq ar iyo iseTi mdgomareoba, romelsac SeiZleba
hqonda adgili erTSi, meoreSi da mesameSiac.
ai es aris mTavari, da ara is, rom Cven rameSi movanawyeneT ingli
si, an inglisma Cven.
SeiZleba momavalSi, ara erTxel warmoiSvas agredwodebuli kon
fliqti. am niadagze Cven maT Soris, erTgvari faqtiuri mdgomareo
bis dasamyareblad; magram Cven gvwams erTi ram: is, rom saqarTvelos
demokratiam, Tavis revoliucionur brZolaSi, Tavis umwvervales
qarcecxlSi, im saSinel wuTebSi, rodesac warRvnas movelodiT osma
leTis mxridan da mxolod sisxlis Rvris molodini gvqonda, sworeT
am wuTebSi warmoiSva damoukideblobis TviTarseboba, da rom saxel
mwifos saWe dRemdis xelSi upyria marjved, Seupovrad, medgrad da
erTxelac dabla ar dauSvia es droSa, da Cven demokratiis energiis
da niWis imediT SegviZlian dRes aq vsTqvaT, rom damoukidebeli saqa
rTvelo uzrunvelyofilia. (taSi).
maSasadame, aq marto kritika imisa, Tu ras warmoadgens inglisi,
an sxva romelime saxelmwifo, CvenTvis sakmarisi ar aris. Cven viciT,
427
Tu ras warmoadgens saerTod politika yvela burJuaziul saxelmwi
fosi, yvela kapitalistur qveynisa, rogori aris mTavari xazi maTi
diplomatiisa, maTi moqmedebisa.
da Cveni respublika arsebiTad gansxvavdeba maTgan. Cven ar gvaqvs
iseTi politika, romelic Seicavdes saidumloebas, Cven ar gvaqvs, Tu
gnebavT iseTi politika, romelic gaansxvavebs sityvas da saqmes erTi
meorisagan. Cveni mTavari safuZveli aris demokratiuli politika
_ mWreli xmali, _ pirdapiri sityva da sityvis sisworiT asruleba.
Cvens diplomatias, ise rogorc Cvens demokratias ara aqvs iseTi ena,
romelic Wrelia, aramed aqvs iseTi ena, romelic mWrelia, basria mx
olod imiT, rom eyrdnoba xalxis samarTlian arsebiT interesebs; es
aris rasakvirvelia ena pirdapiri, gabeduli, swori, da amitom yvel
asTvis misaRebi aucileblad.
me mgonia, rom ramdenic unda mogvTxovon Cven sxva politikis war
moeba, _ aq moxveva, iq moxveva, ramdenic unda mogvTxovon xmlis aJRa
runeba did saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, Cven amas ver miviRebT; CvenTvis
sruliad miuRebelia daRvra Tundac erTi wveTi sisxlisa iq, sadac
imedi ar aris gamarjvebisa. Cven verasodes Cven xalxs, mis saR in
stiqts ver movTxovT da ver gamoviyvanT iq samoqmedoT, sadac mas ara
aqvs imedi, rom misi momavali naTliT mosilia. uimedo Tavganwirva ar
sCvevia saqarTvelos demokratias da mas ar SeuZlian uimedo brZola.
aRfrTovanebuli brZola, brwyinvale idealebi didi revoliuciisa,
misi pirveli da mTavari lozungebi da am lozungebis ganxorcieleba,
_ yvela amaSi Casaxulia misi sagareo moqmedebis mTavari RerZi. misi
pirdapiroba da misi gulaxdiloba. am politikiT Cven ara erT did
saxelmwifosTan gvqonia saqme da mogvigia maTi guli, da gagvixor
cielebia Cveni interesebi. me maxovs, maSin, rodesac aq iyo ara ingli
si, demokratiuli qveynis warmomadgeneli, aramed kaizeris germaniis
imperia, naxevrad absoliuturi, es Cveni mkafio da pirdapiri politi
ka iseT Sedegebs gvaZlevda, romelic saWiro iyo Cveni damoukideblo
bis dacvisTvis. Tqven kargad gexsomebaT, rom maSinac gveubnebodnen,
unda gamonaxoT is xazi, romelic misaRebia CvenTvis da germaniis me
fisTvis. Cven is xazi ver gamovnaxeT, romelic SegvaerTebda germaniis
mefesTan. Cven gvqonda Cveni xazi, Cveni survili, Cveni demokratuli
miswrafebani.
da es pirdapiri politika, aSkarad micemuli sityva da energiuli
dacva Tavis sityvisa, gaxda safuZvlad imisa, rom mTeli Tavisi aq yof
nis dros germaniis saxelmwifoebrivi Zala ar gamxdara samared Cveni
damoukideblobisa. da Cven gvgonia, rom dRes im saxelmwifos winaSe,
romlis interesebi Cven interesebTan aris gadaxlarTuli, iseTive
pirdapiri, iseTive naTeli politikis warmoeba mogvitans aseTive Se
degebs. maTi Semosvla da maTi arseboba ar gadaiqceva Cven samared,
aramed wyarod da imedad momavalSi Cveni damoukideblobis kidev
ufro gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisa. amis Tavdebi aris Cveni waruli,
428
dRevandeli Cveni mdgomareoba da umTavresi Tavmdebia demokratia
saqarTvelosi. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. Semosuli gax
lavT mxolod erTi formula soc-demokratiul fraqciis warmodge
nili. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
429
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meTeqvsmete sxdoma
dRiuri wesrigi:
431
2. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis Semosav
lis gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis Sesaxeb.
3. gagrZeleba msjelobisa soc.-revol. fraqciis Sinagan saqmeTa
ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis
ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
4. kanon-proeqti saxazino rkinis gzebis mosamsaxureTaTvis jama
giris momatebisa.
5. kanon-proeqti rkinis gzis kategoriis gareSe myof, agentebis
jamagirebis momatebisa.
6. dadgenileba rkinis gzebis sawyobebSi saqonlis Senaxvis vadis
Semcirebisa.
7. kanon-proeqti saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebisaTvis
premiebis misacemad 100,000 man. gadadebisa.
8. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
sasamarTlo palatis ufrosi Tavmjdomaris mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb.
9. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTaTvis sikvdiliT dasjis 12 wlis katorRiT
Secvlis Sesaxeb.
10. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa dasjisagan sruliad ganTavisu
flebis Sesaxeb.
11. dekreti saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w. ianvris 31 kanonis
(saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxi da kreditis gaxsnisa) gangrZo
bis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.
432
maSasadame vawesebT imas, rom plenumis sxdomebi samSabaTs da
paraskevs iwyebodes 11 saaTze _ da Tavdebodes 3 saaTze.
es winadadeba miRebulia.
maSasadame Semdegi sxdoma paraskevs gaixsneba srul 11 saaTze.
meore. prezidiumis saxelze Semovida krebis wevris eliguliSvi
lis Txovna Sesaxeb imisa, rom mas, eliguliSvils neba mieces sami Tvis
vadiT wavides sazRvar gared, evropaSi saxelmwifoebriv saqmis gamo.
reglamentiT 1 Tveze meti vadiT daTxovna damokidebuli aris
plenumze. amitom mogaxsenebT da Tu aravin amis winaaRmdegi ar aris,
_ damfuZnebel krebis wevrs eliguliSvils miecema 3 Tvis vada, daTx
ovnili iqneba sazRvar gared wasasvlelad. vin aris amis winaaRmdeg?
aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT gagrZeleba msjelobisa moqalaqeobis
kanonis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
433
sadac ki SeeZloT. magram me saSinlad gamaoca, rodesac TiTqmis amaT
Tanave azrs Sevxvdi damfuZnebel krebaSi.
ras ukiJineben am kanon-proeqts? mxolod imas, rom es kanon-pro
eqti nebas ar aZlevs yvelas, vinc am kanon-proeqtis miRebamde, scx
ovrobda saqarTveloSi, rom imaT isargeblon yovelive politikur
uflebebiT. amaze unda mogaxsenoT, rom is adamiani, romelsac surs
saxelmwifos aSeneba, vinc seriozulad fiqrobs amazed, sakiTxs ase
verasodes ver daayenebs. aq ukve iyo naTqvami da kidev unda gavimeoro,
rom saxelmwifoebriv aRSenebaSi monawiloebis miReba SeuZlian imas,
visac arsebiTi kavSiri aqvs im teritoriasTan, saxelmwifosTan, ro
melic unda iyos aSenebuli, da ara im pirT, vinc sruliad ucabedad,
sruliad SemTxveviT arian gadmovardnili, an Semokedlilni Cvens
teritoriaze, arafriT ar arian CvenTan dakavSirebulni da visac ar
sebiTad ar surT Cveni damoukidebloba. sad aris loRikuri safuZve
li, rom amisTana pirebs mieces Cveni qveSevrdomoba?
b. gobeCias ukvirs, raT aris aRebuli 19 ivnis 1914 w. datao? swored
imitom, rom am dRidan saerTaSoriso omis gamo auarebeli xalxi moawy
da Cvens teritorias. yvela es Semoxiznuli xalxi darCa aq, Cven teri
toriaze da yvela es arsebiTi Cven damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg arian,
da yvela visac surs am xalxs Cveni moqalaqeobis ufleba mieces, Cvens da
moukideblobas Zirs uTxris. es iseTi naTeli da WeSmariti azri aris,
rom amasTan brZola me ver warmomidgenia. amitom yovelive saxelmwifo
moRvawe, romelsac surs mkvidr niadagze daayenos saqarTvelos aRSen
ebis saqme, Zalian did sifrTxiliT moekideba qveSevrdomobis kanons.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom laparaki imaze, rom es kanoni ar aris
demokratiuli _ samarTliani ar aris. es kanon-proeqti Zalian far
ToT aZlevs SeZlebas, visac raime damokidebuleba aqvs Cven terito
riasTan, rom is gamocxadebuli iyos Cven qveSevrdomaT. Tu Tqven daak
virdebiT did saxelmwifoebis praqtikas da patara erebis kanonebs
qveSevrdomobis Sesaxeb, Tqven naTlaT dainaxavT, rom rac ufro did
ia saxelmwifo miT ufro nakleb eSinia qveSevrdomobis kanonis gafar
Toebisa, imitom, rom didi saxelmwifo advilad moinelebs Semosul
elementebs. rac ufro pataraa saxelmwifo, ufro meti sifrTxiliT
unda ekidebodes am qveSevrdomobis kanons, imitom, rom qveSevrdomo
bis kanonis movaleobasTan erTad, im ucxoelebisTvis, romelnic qve
SevrdomobaSi Semodian, _ Zalian bevri uflebac aqvs.
magaliTad, Tugind agraruli sakiTxi aiReT. me vekiTxebi b. gobe
Cias, Tu Cven vixelmZRvaneleT im kanoniT, romelic soc.-rev. Semoi
tanes, ese igi kanonis gamocemamde, vinc ki scxovroben saqarTveloSi,
da moindomebs saqarTvelos qveSevrdomobas, yvela imas rom mieces es
ufleba, me gekiTxebiT Tqven _ ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba, Tugind agra
rul sakiTxSi, rodesac miwa imdenad mcire aris, rom ar yofnis TviT
mkvidr qveSevrdomebs, romelnic aq scxovroben. ar vici b. gobeCia ra
azrisa aris, me ki mwams, rom demokratul respublikis qveSevrdomo
434
bis kanoni, iseTi unda iyos, rom yvela qveSevrdomi Tanaswori unda
iyos da unda sargeblobdes yvela uflebiT Tanabrad.
amitom me piradad mimaCnia, rom es kanon-proeqti Sedgenili aris
marTlac demokratiulad, marTlac socialisturad, Tuki SeiZle
ba qveSevrdomobis kanoni gobeCias TerminologiiT socialisturad
iyos Sedgenili. amiT vaTaveb Cems mokle SeniSvnebs da vimeoreb rom,
romelic, b. gobeCiam sTqva _ ar unda Tqmuliyo, vinaidan igi moklebu
li aris principialur safuZvels da mxolod gamoiwvevs gangaSs Cven
mtris banakSi, im wreebSi, romelsac rasakvirvelia Cveni aRmSeneblo
ba ki ar undaT, aramed Cveni dangreva da daqceva.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobisTvis? sityva
ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. moqalaqeno! b-n mesxiSvilis sityvam Zlier cudi
STabeWdileba moaxdina Cemze. man sruliaT usafuZvloT, saSineli
braldeba wamoayena Cems winaaRmdeg. misi sityviT Turme me saqarTve
los damoukideblobas Zirs vuTxri, radganac moviTxov moqalaqeo
bis kanonis gafarTovebas. Cemis azriT-ki saqarTvelos damoukidebel
arsebobas Zirs uTxrian isini, vinc sruliad moufiqreblaT da usabu
Tod, rogorc amas sCadis b-ni mesxiSvili, saqarTvelos damoukide
blobis mtrebaT acxadebs yvela imaT, vinc saqarTveloSi scxovrobs
1914 wlidan. me wineT vambobdi da exlac vimeoreb, rom saqarTvelos
demokratiul respublikaSi, sadac gabatonebuli arian social
istebi, ar unda arsebobdes privilegiebi romelime erTi erisaTvis.
warmodgenili kanon-proeqtis mexuTe muxli-ki awesebs aseT privile
giebs. ai sworeT amitom me moviTxove, rom is ufleba, romliTac, mex
uTe muxlis ZaliT, sargeblobs yoveli qarTveli, gavrcelebuliyo
saqarTveloSi mosaxle sxva erTa Svilebzec. soc.-revoliucionerTa
fraqciis mier warmodgenili Sesworeba gulisxmobs sworeT im samar
Tlianobas, romlisaTvis mudam ibrZoden da ibrZvian internaciona
lur socializmis mimdevrebi yvela qveynebSi. moqalaqeobis sakiTx
Si Cveni fraqciis pozicia aris internacionaluri, socialisturi
da, rasakvirvelia, is sruliaT gaugebaria iseT nacionalistebi
saTvis, rogoric iyven da arian Cveni federalistebi. isini saqarT
velodan mudam erekeboden sxva eris Svilebs da am sakiTxSic imaT ar
uRalatniaT TavianT nacionalistur bunebisaTvis. federalistebs
ecodinebaT, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifod gamocxa
debul iqna mxolod 1918 wlis 26 maiss. manamdi-ki saqarTvelos mcx
ovreblebi, ganurCevlad erovnebis, iTvlebodnen jer ruseTis,
Semdeg-ki amier-kavkasiis respublikis moqalaqeebaT. saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes yofil ruseTis imperiis yov
el qveSevrdoms, romelic im Jamad scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, sru
li ufleba hqonda Tavis Tavi CaeTvala moqalaqeT axlad daarsebul
saqarTvelos respublikisa (xma: maS yvela ltolvilebsac?) Tu gne
bavT ltolvilebsac. magram am SemTxvevaSi Tqveni SiSi usafuZvlo
435
gadaWarbebulia, radganac ltolvilebs Tavis samSoblo aqvT, bevri
imaTgani ukve Sin dabrunda da danarCenic pirvel SeZlebisTanave
saqarTvelodan gava. magram me Tqven gekiTxebiT, SeuZlia Tu ara dam
fuZnebel krebis socialistur umravlesobas uari uTxras saqarTve
los moqalaqeobis miniWebaze ltolviTa im nawils, romelsac hsurs
saqarTveloSi darCes da romelic scnobs saqarTvelos damoukide
blobas. Cemis azriT socialistebs da revoliucionerebs amis ufle
ba ara aqvT, Tu isini TavianT principebs da tradiciebs ar uRalate
ben. Cven wineT mogaxseneT da exlac gavimeoreb, rom istorias axsovs
magaliTebi, rodesac ucxoelebs revoliuciis dros aniWebden moqa
laqeobas da srul politikur uflebebs. safrangeTis revoliuciis
dros ucxoelebi safrangeTis damfuZnebel krebaSic-ki gaviden da
Cveni socialistebi moqalaqeobis sakiTxSi unda baZavden safrange
Tis revoliucionerebs mainc.
Cveni fraqcia yovel SemTxvevaSi ver gaiziarebs verc feder
alistebis da verc sxva partiebis nacionalistur Tvalsazriss mo
qalaqeobis sakiTxSi. 1918 wlis 26 maisis aqtis gamocxadebisTanave
erovnul sabWos unda mieRo moqalaqeobis iseTi kanoni, romliTac
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba mieniWeboda yvela im pirs, vinc scxovrob
da saqarTvelos teritoriaze damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes
da vinc moqalaqeobaze uars ar ganacxadebda. es rom ase momxdariyo,
erovnuli sabWo did samsaxurs gauwevda saqarTvelos damoukide
blobis ganmtkicebis saqmes da Tavidan aicdenda im ukmayofilebas,
romelic gamoiwvia mis mier miRebul moqalaqeobis kanonma saqarTve
los sxva da sxva sazogadoebriv wreebSi. erovnul sabWos moqalaqe
obis kanoni imdenad uvargisi gamodga, rom misi gauqmeba da axalis
gamocema aucilebeli gaxda. warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi es naTlad
aris gamoxatuli. marTalia, damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi moxda
Zveli moqalaqeobis kanonis mixedviT, magram damfuZnebel krebaSi
did umravlesobas mainc socialistebi Seadgenen da amitom exla
dro aris damfuZnebelma krebam savsebiT gaasworos is Secdomebi,
romlebic moqalaqeobis kanonSi erovnulma sabWom dauSva. damfuZne
belma krebam am SemTxvevaSi ar unda gaiziaros is Semcdari mosaz
reba, romelic b. mesxiSvilma wamoayena kanon-proeqtis ucvlelad
miRebis sasargeblod da Cveni fraqciis Sesworebis sawinaaRmdegod.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. mesxiSvilma Cveni Sesworebis winaaRmdeg mx
olod erTi viTomda seriozuli mosazreba moiyvana, danarCeni misi
mosazreba iyo calieri sityvaTa braxa-bruxi. b. mesxiSvilma ganacxa
da, moqalaqeobis ufleba, rom mieces yvela imas, vinc scxovrobs saqa
rTveloSi, ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba agraruli sakiTxi, rodesac miwa
ar yofnis mkvidr qveSevrdomebso. aseTi mosazrebis moyvana SeuZlia,
mxolod ukidures nacionalistebs da Cven viciT, rom yvela qveynis
nacionalistebi da imperialistebi xSirad aseTi mosazrebebiTac
asabuTeben TavianT nacionalistur-Sovinistur politikas. magram
436
yovlad Seuwynarebelia, rom aseTi mosazrebiT asabuTebdes social
isti moqalaqeobis kanonis gafarToebis SeuZleblobas. yvela amas,
rom Tavi davaneboT, TviT miwis socializaciazec ver hqonia b. mesx
iSvils swori warmodgena. saqarTvelos miwa-wylis socializaciis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb b. mesxiSvils SeeZlo bevri ram sasargeblo
amoekiTxa miwis Cvens kanon-proeqtSi (mesxiSvili adgilidan: Tqveni
ar gaxlavT). diax, sakuTari Cveni socialist-revoliucionerebis
kanon-proeqtSi, romelic Cven SevitaneT saqarTvelos parlamentSi,
bevrs iseT cnobebs amokrefavdiT, rom TqvenTvisac aSkara gaxdebo
da is, rom saqarTveloSi miwis socializaciis gatarebas sruliad
ar SeuSlida xels, damfuZnebel krebis mier moqalaqeobis kanonSi
eserebis fraqciis Sesworebebis miReba. Cvens miwis kanon-proeqtSi
naTqvamia, rom miwiT isargeblebs is, vinc TviT mas daamuSavebs, da
am principis mixedviT saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul pirTa ricxvi, rom
lebsac b. mesxiSvili ar swyalobs, kidevac rom asjer imaze meti iyves,
rac exlaa, saqarTvelos miwa-wyali mainc mSromelTaTvis sayofni
iqneboda. miwis socializaciis dros miwas yvelas ki ar daurigeben,
aramed imaT, vinc TviTon miwis damuSavebas SesZlebs da moisurvebs.
amis garda sxva gzebic aris imisTvis, rom miwa yvelas eyos: cariel
adgilebze umiwawyloTa gadasaxleba da mowyoba, miwis ganoyiereba
da bevri sxva. ase, rom miwis socializacia aq araferi mosatani iyo,
b. mesxiSvilo!
dasasrul unda ganvacxado erTi ram. Cven, socialist-revoli
ucionerebs, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ganmtkicebis saqme gve
smis, sxvaTa Soris, rogorc saqarTveloSi mosaxle erTa Soris sol
idarobis damyareba. Cven mier Semotanili Sesworebebi, Tu isini
miRebuli iqnen, swored mtkice niadags moumzadeben CvenSi mosaxle
erTa solidarobas da amisaTvis iyo, rom me damavala soc.-revoli
ucionerTa fraqciam Semetana warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi is Ses
worebebi, romlebic Tqven ukve mogxsendaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b. arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) am moqalaqeobis gamo dava Seiqmna sul sxva
principze: Tu rogor unda iyos revoliucionuri kanoni, rogori
kanoni daakmayofilebs revoliucionur xalxis arsebiT interesebs
da revoliucionur Segnebas.
me mgonia b. gobeCia aq sastikad scdeba. jer erTi, vin ityvis, rom
yvela erisagan Semdgari saxelmwifo aris demokratiuli, xolo erTi
erisagan Semdgari saxelmwifo aris antidemokratiulio? piriqiT,
internacionalisagan mxolod erTi ram gagvigonia: _ erTi eri _ erTi
saxelmwifo. da roca saxelmwifos da eris farglebi erTi da igivea,
amiT nacionalur SezRudvasac ramodenimeT mainc bolo eReba. ai es
aris erTi mTavari Rirseba damoukidebeli, erovnuli saxelmwifos
daarsebisa. magram, Tu erovnuli saxelmwifo daarsdeba, rasakvirve
lia, iq erTi eri iqneba umTavresad gabatonebulic da gobeCias mier
437
„nacionalistoba“ da yvela is saSineleba, romelic Turme SebRalaven
socializmis saxels, _ me mgonia yuriT aris moTreuli. am sakiTxTan
nacionalistobas, araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs, vinaidan, socialiste
bi ar dauWerdnen mxars nacionalistur saxelmwifos arsebobas, Tu
es ar Sediodes maT programaSi, Tu aseTi saxelmwifos arseboba ew
inaaRmdegebodes demokratiis interesebsa da socializmis arsebiT
interesebs. aq amboben, rom rodesac 71 wels komunistebi, da sxva
revoliucionerebi iRebdnen TavianT wreSi ucxo saxelmwifos moqa
laqes, da Tavis moqalaqeT acxadebdnen, amiT TiTqos aRiarebdnen zo
gad princips, rom yvela kacs, romelic ki Semova saxelmwifoSi _ aqvs
ufleba am saxelmwifos moqalaqeobisa. unda mogaxsenoT, rom arcerT
revoliucionur wreSi ar iRebdnen sxva qveynebis reaqcionerebs, Tun
da im qveynidan, saidanac mosuli iyo revoliucia. magram, Tu Tqven
gindaT specialuri gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifo daaarsoT, mxolod
revoliucionerebisagan, maSin unda daaarsoT specialuri saxelm
wifo marto eserebisTvisac. xolo Tu ki gsurdaT wminda, marto eser
ebis saxelmwifos daarseba, me makvirvebs, ratom gamoeyaviT ruseTis
eserebs, da CadeqiT sxva farglebSi?
principi moqalaqeobis is ki ar aris, rom yvela, vinc ki Semova
Cven saxelmwifoSi gaxdes Cven moqalaqeT, ara. aq aris erTi principi
mizanSewonilobisa. revoliucionur xanaSi, revoliucionur brZo
laSi vinc ki gagviwevs arsebiT daxmarebas, SegviZlian dauyonebliv
miviRoT moqalaqeT, da didis pativiscemiT aRvWurvoT. amis muxli
am kanon-proeqtSiac aris. iq sweria: „yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi, ro
melsac raime TvalsaCino Rvawli miuZRvis respublikis winaSe Tavisi
mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv moRvawe
obiT Tu sxva mxriv, SeiZleba am vadis mouTxovneladac iqmnes miRe
buli saqarTvelos moqalaqed“. (gobeCia: es momavalSi!) guSin, xval,
momavalSi sul erTia vinaidan, samsaxuri fasdeba ara imiT, rom is
moxda dRes, an moxdeba xval, aramed imiT, Tu ra sargebloba mouta
na saxelmwifos. da Cven gvgonia, rom ar gamoCndeba arc erTi wevri
damfuZnebel krebisa, romelic ityvis rom, _ Tu vinmem gauwia saqarT
velos namdvili, realuri daxmareba 1911 wels, gind 1915 wels, is ar
SeiZleba gamocxaddes moqalaqeTo, Tundac did sargeblobis momtani
iyos saqarTvelosTvis. im saxelmwifosTvis, romelsac Cven vaarsebT.
magram es gobeCias ver gaugia. aq man Semoitana muxli, romelSiac swe
ria, rom unda miviRoT moqalaqeT yvela, Tu ki is moisurvebs Cven moqa
laqeobas. Cven ki piriqiT, gvinda mivceT aseTi ufleba imas, vinc raime
daxmarebas aRmouCens Cven saxelmwifos. yvela aseTi pirebi savsebiT
daSvebuli da miRebuli unda iyvnen.
amgvarad, krebis wevrma gobeCiam unda icodes, rom rodesac
revoliuciis saxels moitans aq am tribunaze cotaodeni codnac unda
gamoiCinos revoliucionur praqtikisa, ase zerele laparaki ki am
tribunas ar ekadreba.
438
saWiroa arsebiTi, marTla arsebiTi ganxilva yovel movlenisa, da
gaTvaliswineba imis, marTla revoliucionuria es movlena Tu ara.
me vambob, rom am kanoniT eZlevaT Cveni moqalaqeobis ufleba
yvela imas vinc ki xalxs, muSaTa klass, demokratias moutans gamar
jvebas, ganTavisuflebas, Tundac ucxo eris revoliucioneri iyos
is, magram igi Tavidan iSorebs Cveni respublikis mowinaaRmdege rea
qcionerebs. vacxadeb aSkarad, rom es kanoni iyo mimarTuli swored im
elementebis winaaRmdeg, romelTac surdaT damxoba Cven damoukideb
el respublikisa.
verc erTi moqalaqe ver ityvis, rom am kanon-proeqts SeuZlian ga
moiwvios Setakeba Cveni da ucxo demokratiisa, magram ki sdevnis yve
la im elementebs, romelTac exarbebaT demokratiis gabatoneba CvenSi
da damoukideblobis gamotacva undaT Cveni xelidan. ai amitom aris
es kanoni damxmare da sasargeblo revoliuciuri demokratiisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Salva mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili (s.-f.) me mgonia moqalaqeno, rom istoriis mag
aliTebiT sargebloba unda icodes kacma da Semdeg unda wamoayenos
Tqven winaSe.
did revoliucioners baton gobeCias waukiTxavs safrangeTis
revoliuciis istoriaSi, rom iq moqalaqeoba da sakanonmdeblo
krebulis wevroba miniWebuli hqondaT zogierT ucxoels, diax, mec
vici es magaliTi.
Tqven, b-no gobeCia, rogorc revoliucionerma, unda icodeT, rom
yvela revoliuciisTvis arsebobs erTi sazomi, yvela revoliucioneri
ise unda fiqrobdes, rom xelsayrelia is, rac revoliucias sargeblo
bas moutans da miuRebelia is, rac revoliucias daamxobs. aseve msj
elobdnen isini, vinc safrangeTis revoliucias saTaveSi edgnen. imaT
misces moqalaqeobrivi ufleba im ucxoelebs, romelnic amoudgnen
gverdSi safrangeTis mebrZol xalxs da icavdnen safrangeTis Tavisu
flebas yvela mtrebisagan. da Tqven ki dido revoliucionero batono
gobeCia, Tqvenis proeqtiT gsurT misceT moqalaqeobis ufleba yvela
imaT, vinc gverdSi ki ar amogvidgeba, aramed dascems zurgSi laxvars
revoliucias, demokratias da Cvens damoukideblobas.
iuristi gobeCia gveubneba, rom Zveli kanoni qveSevrdomobisa ar
varga, rac iqidana sCans, rom axal kanonis boloSi aris moTavsebuli
saSineli muxli, romelic am kanonis miRebidan auqmebs Zvel kanonso.
SesaZlebelia amisTana argumentacia iuristis mier?
Zveli kanoni mTlianad moyvanilia axal kanonis pirvel muxlSi.
rodesac Cven axal kanons miviRebT da amave sakiTxzed Zveli kanonic
arsebobs, yoveli axali kanoni gaauqmebs xolme Zvel kanons ara imi
tom, rom Zveli kanoni vargoda Tu ar vargoda, aramed imitom, rom
gamocemulia amave sakiTxzed axali kanoni. erTi kiTxva unda dausva
b-n gobeCias: im qveSevrdomobis kanoniT, romelic Tqven gsurT Semoi
tanoT, vis aZlevT qveSevrdomobis uflebas? gavxsnaT frCxilebi.
439
im kanonis ZaliT, romelic komisiam SeimuSava, Cven vaZlevT qve
Sevrdomobis uflebas yvela imas, vinc iyo miwerili romelime ad
ministratiul erTeulze 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde, yvela imas, visac
CvenSi raime qoneba aqvs, yvela imas, vinc CvenSi Tavis saqirao SromiT
scxovrobs. amgvarad muSaTa klasis interesi, proletariatis in
teresi, romelnic arsebiTad revoliucionerebi arian, daculia am
kanoniT. viRa darCa im kategoriaTa gareSe, romelTa interesi am
kanoniT daculia? darCebian ltolvilni, spekuliantebi da deniki
nis momxreebi. sadauri revoliucionerobaa b-no gobeCia, ueWvelad
ase gaafarTovoT qveSevrdomobis kanoni, rom qveSevrdomobis ufle
ba denikinelebs mieces, romelnic ucdian mxolod Sesafer moments,
rom daasamaron saqarTvelos damoukidebloba?
amitom b-n gobeCias revoliucionuri frazeologia darCeba
marto frazeologiaT da arsebiTad misi Sexeduloba am kanon-pro
eqtze reaqcionuria, radganac mxars uWers revoliuciis da Cveni
damoukideblobis mowinaaRmdegeebs. ramdenic unda iyviroT, rom es
kanon-proeqti aris nacionalisturi, es kanon-proeqti aris arseb
iTad demokratiuli imitom, rom aZlevs saSualebas Cven qveSevrdo
mobisas yvelas, visac raime kavSiri aqvs Cven teritoriasTan. exla
Tqven TiTon gansajeT, vin aris revoliucioneri da vin aris re
aqcioneri.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe (momxsenebeli). batonebo, am moxsenebis winaaRm
deg mxolod erTi fraqcia gamovida, fraqcia s.-r.-ebisa.
qarTuli andaza aris: Citi bdRvnad ara Rirda, devna meti iyoo.
zedmeti da nametani mWle iyo swored b-n gobeCias gamosvla. magram,
radganac fraqciis saxeliT iyo misi gamosvla, Cven valdebulni varT
amas angariSi gauwioT.
bevrs ar vilaparakeb, aq samarTlianad iyo gakritikebuli es
opozicia, magram me mainc ramdenime SeniSvnas gavakeTeb. upirveles
yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia aq is, rom saqarTvelos respublikaSi viTomc
yvelas unda SeeZlos moqalaqeoba visac surs, visac vTqvaT, moewoneba
Cveni qveyana. kargia Tqvenma mzem, magaliTad movidnen ltolvilebi,
omma gadmoreka ucxo tomis xalxi, ucxo elementebi, ai warmoidgineT,
rom maT moewonaT Cveni samSoblo, Cveni respublika.
b-ni gobeCia imdenad gulkeTilia, rom yvelas aniWebs am qveynis mo
qalaqeobas, radganac Cveni saqarTvelo moewonaT. es arc iuridiulia,
arc socialisturia. me mikvirs, ratom ase xSirad xmarobs am sityvas
b. gobeCia, TiTqos eWvi epareba, rom socialisti aris, mudam imeorebs
socialisti varo, socialisti varo. Cven ar vyviriT, ar vlaparakobT,
Cven saqmiT davamtkicebT, Tu rani varT. vinc unda movides aq, social
istebi rom movidnen, ltolvilebi ucxo qveynisa, amerikisa da sxv.
moxda, rom moisurves maT aq darCena. Cven maT, Tqveni SexedulebiT da
Tqveni kanoniT, ver gamoucxadebT, rom ar arian Cveni qveSevrdomni.
440
vfiqrobT isini arc moindomeben amas imitom, rom maT kargad ician ra
aris eri, ra aris respublika da saxelmwifo da ra aris moqalaqeobis
ufleba. amitom Cven mag kanon-proeqts, wamoyenebuls b. gobeCias mier,
araviTari yuradReba ar unda mivaqcioT.
is acxadebs: kanonis gamocxadebis dros vinc iqneba, is CaTvlili
unda iyos moqalaqeTo. is SeiZleba iyos moqalaqe inglisisa, SeiZle
ba italielebi gadiqcen Cven moqalaqeT _ SeiZleba yvelani, erTi si
tyviT yvela juris, yvela partiis da saxelmwifos kaci moxvdeba Cven
moqalaqeT. es SeuZlebelia, es anti-saxelmwifoebrivi movlena iqneba.
kidev erTi kritika wamoayena b. gobeCiam: TiTqos Cven aq upiratesobas
vaZlevT viRacas am kanon-proeqtiT.
me mgonia, arsebiTad aq ar aris upiratesoba. aq aris erTi upi
ratesoba qarTvelebis Sesaxeb, is ambobs: Cveni saxelmwifo terito
rialuria da marTlac mecnieruli SexedulobiT saxelmwifo dRes
mxolod teritorialuria. amnairad teritorialuria Cveni res
publikac. cxadia, yovel moqalaqes, ganurCevlad gvartomobisa aqvs
ufleba Cveni moqalaqeobisa da es asec aris, amas amtkicebs Cveni dam
fuZnebeli kreba. magram erTi ram unda iTqvas aSkarad, rac CvenTvis
aucilebelia. Cveni respublika umTavresad qarTvelebze emyareba, es
dasamalavi ar aris. (xma: es xom faqtia!). es faqtia da aSkaraa isic, rom
Cven qarTul enaze vlaparakobT, es aris Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi ena.
cxadia. Cven amiT vamtkicebT, rom marTlac, Cven yvela erebs pativsa
vcemT, Tanasworobaa yvela am mcxovreblebSi ganurCevlad gvartomo
bisa, maT erTnairad vepyrobiT, magram didi umravlesoba qarTveli
eria da Cveni respublikac qarTvelebs emyareba. Cven vgulisxmobT,
rom qarTvelebSi SeiZleba 1% ar aRmoCndes Cveni respublikis wi
naaRmdeg, ucxoelebSi ki SeiZleba bevri aRmoCndes. amitom aris yvela
qarTveli nagulisxmevi Cven mier Cveni respublikis moqalaqed, Tu is
moisurvebs Tavis samSoblos moqalaqeobas. es ubralo ambavia da ra
tom ar gaigo es amdenxans b. gobeCiam. imas ar moswons Tqma yofili
ruseTis, ratom marto yofili ruseTio. batonebo, safrangeTSi Cven
ar vcxovrobdiT, arc inglisSi, arc osmaleTSi. Cven davkargeT erTi
saukunis win Cveni damoukidebloba, Cven viyaviT am xnis ganmavloba
Si mikruli did ruseTTan, romelic am revoliuciis dros daiSala.
Cven mas gamoveyaviT, amitom Cven vgulisxmobT da vlaparakobT yofil
ruseTis qveSevrdomebze.
aris saxelmwifoebi, osmaleTi, sparseTi, sadac arian qarTvelebi,
am qarTvelebs Cven ar vexebiT. es am saxelmwifos mimarT ara eTiuri
mopyroba iqneboda. arsebiTad rom, igive gveTqva, rac yofil ruse
Tze. isini ar darRveulan ise, rogorc ruseTi, ruseTi ki sruliad
daiSala. amaSia gansxvaveba, es advilad gasagebi aris.
meore aq sainteresoa erTi ram. erTi gaugebrobaa, ubralo gauge
broba. rom dahkvirveboda opoziciis warmomadgeneli am kanon-pro
eqts mixvdeboda, rom aq erTi principia. is ambobda: meore nawils
441
kanon-proeqtisas mxars dauWerT, mxolod pirvels ki arao. gamo
dis, viTom meoreSi aris socialisturi da demokratiuli principi
da pirvelSi ki ara, namdvilad ki erTi principia orivegan. aiReT,
magaliTad naturalizaciis principi. aqac saWiro aris staJi. Tqveni
sTana socialistebic, rom movidnen ucxoeTidan da erTi weliwadi aq
dahyon, moqalaqeebad ar gaxdebian, Tu gansakuTrebuli Rvawli ar mi
uZRviT maT Cvens winaSe. kanon-proeqti ambobs pirdapir: TvalsaCino
Rvawli visac miuZRvis, imas araviTari vada ar esaWiroeba, Cveni res
publika maT miiRebs qveSevrdomaT. amis garda kidev aris erTi saint
ereso ram. gamodis rom batoni gobeCia icavs qalebs, qalTa uflebas,
Cven ki ara. Cven socialistebi varT da varT momxreni qalebis ufle
bebis, maTi ganTavisuflebis. Cven am sakiTxs vepyrobiT ise, rogorc
moiTxovs demokratiuli saxelmwifoebrivi da iuridiuli mecniere
ba (xma: Tqven ver gagigiaT!) Cven ar SegviZlian frazas davemyaroT.
(xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari).
Tqven ver gagigiaT, samwuxarod Cvenda, ver gagigiaT da verc exla
igebT, rom sadao aq araferi aris.
ratom ukargavT adamianobas qalsao, kiTxulobs gobeCia. qali
gaTxovda ucxoelze, igi imdenad gatacebulia Tavisi qmriT, rom miyve
ba sxva saxelmwifoSi, amiT is sulac ar kargavs adamianobas, rogorc
amas b. gobeCia fiqrobs. am kanon-proeqtiT adamianobas ki ar hkargavs
qali, kargavs pirvandel moqalaqeobas. miyveba qmars, midis, eTvise
ba sxva politikur da ekonomikur weswyobilebas. qali dakavSirebu
lia memkvidreobis uflebiT da saojaxo uflebiT, mTeli samoqalaqo
uflebiT ucxoeTis moqalaqe qmarTan. ai, amitom saerTo movlenaa,
rom qali Rebulobs qmris moqalaqeobas. es saerTo movlena amitom,
rom rodesac ucxoeli qali Semodis, ai aq Cven moqalaqes mosTxovde
ba is ukavSirdeba mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT, ekonomiuri, socialuri,
politikuri cxovrebiT qmars, amitom aq moqalaqeobis svla bunebrivi
movlena aris. es movlena iuridiuli faqtia, da amisTvis unda gamov
naxoT iuridiuli mcneba. Cven Cveni moqalaqeobis uflebas vaniWebT im
qals, romelic aq Semodis, rogorc coli Cveni moqalaqisa. ucxoelze
miTxovil Cven moqalaqe qals Cven utovebT erT gamosavals. aq sweria:
(kiTxulobs).
„ucxoeTSi gaTxovili saqarTvelos moqalaqe qali, romelic
daqvrivebis, an ganqorwinebis Semdeg ganacxadebs, rom surs saqarTve
los moqlaqeoba, xolo uwlovano Svilebi aseTi qvrivisa, an ganqor
winebulisa, ukeTu isini erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da srul wlovano
bis Semdeg ar ganacxadeben, rom surT mamis moqalaqeobaSi darCena“.
Tu qali ar ganacxadebs survils, maSin dakargavs Cvens moqalaqeo
bas. ori moqalaqeoba akrZalulia. saxelmwifo Txoulobs erT moqa
laqeobas. ras izamT maSin? ai, magaliTad safrangeTs, Sveicarias,
amerikis saxelmwifoebs ras uzamT? vTqvaT, gayva ucxoels Cveni qali.
iq, ucxoeTSi is ar icvnes saqarTvelos moqalaqed?
442
Tqveni proeqtiT ibadeba didi winaaRmdegoba da Tqven gindaT
fraziT, raRac gaugebari fraziT, gindaT mospoT es winaaRmdegoba.
rodesac miSa arseniZe laparakobda (xmauroba. zari. raJden) raJden
arseniZem sityva sTqva (xmauroba. sicili. zari) b. gobeCia gaakritika,
b. gobeCiam wamoiZaxa: vin iyo msajulaTo. gamodis rom Cven, Cven saxel
mwifos, Cven damfuZnebel krebas, Cven parlaments, Cven damoukidebel
respublikas, ar SeeZlo Turme gamoecxadebia Cven mtrebad isini, vinc
marTlac ibrZodnen iaraRiT xelSi Cvens winaaRmdeg. b. gobeCia, me
mgonia Tqveni argumentaciiT Tqven gsurT, uneburad, rasakvirvelia,
gsurT gavaZlieroT Smagailovis magaliTebi, rom SmagailovSCina
rac SeiZleba meti iyos. Cven amis winaaRmdegi varT. me vambob, msaju
li iyo eri, xalxi, saqarTvelos demokratia, saqarTvelos xalxi, is
xalxi vinc gamoacxada damoukidebloba, Tqven mogcaT da Cvenc mogvca
ufleba da saSvaleba aq visxdeT da vikanonmdebloT. is iyo msajuli.
Tqven eWvi gebadebaT. fiqrobT, rom isini, Cveni mtrebi, arian revoli
ucionerebi. Cven ki _ kontr-revoliucionerebi. es sxva azria. Cven
viciT, vin arian revoliucionerebi, da vin arian kontr-revoliucio
nerebi. isic viciT, Tu rogor epyrobodnen Cvens uflebebs es pirebi,
romelTac ase uxamuSod icavT. me mgonia isini arian kontr-revoli
ucionerebi, visac Tqven icavT. isini arian mebrZolni eris TviT ga
morkvevis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ibrZvian. kargaT iciT
Tqven, rom yvela frontze iyvnen isini, yovelgan ibrZodnen. ai imaT
Cven ar mivcemT nebas, rac unda moewonoT Cveni samSoblo saqarTvelo,
(viciT, rom moswonT), ver mivcemT nebas, rom iyvnen Cveni moqalaqeni.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda miviRoT iseTi staJi, iseTi pirobebi, iseTi
cxrili, romelic aucilebeli iqneba maTi Cven moqalaqeebaT miRebi
saTvis. es aris mokled Cveni pasuxi. saerTod unda mogaxsenoT, rom
kritika seriozuli ar iyo. Cven amas saerTo principialur mosazre
biT mogaxsenebT. rac Seexeba kerZo meore sakiTxs, rom SesaZlebelia
marTlac raime CaumatoT ama Tu im muxlSi, an gamovakloT wvrilmani
ram, es iqneba Semdeg. dRes ki is Cveni SexedviT aucileblad misaRe
bia, aucileblad respublikisa da demokratiisTvis. anti-saxelmwi
foebrivi Sexeduloba visac unda daicvas, visac ar unda saqarTvelo,
saqarTvelos demokratia, _ ai iman unda misces xma baton gobeCias
mier Semotanil kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRm
degi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin. maSasadame es
kanon-proeqti gadaideba Semdeg sxdomisTvis, romelzedac SemTxveva
gveqneba ganvixiloT es kanon-proeqti muxlobriv.
Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis Semosavlis
gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis miRebisa. momxsenebels vTxov
waikiTxos.
443
meore muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis
gasaZliereblad zomebis miRebisa.
444
vinc ama Tu im saxiT, ama Tu im gziT, dRemdis aicdines gadasaxadebis
Setana, imaT moiges. es SemdegisTvisac glaxa aRmzrdelobiT STabe
Wdilebas dastovebs. Tu ise davakanonebT, rom erTgvar vadis Semdeg
„nedoimkebi“ gauqmdeba xolme, bevri miva im daskvnamde, rom unda da
icados erTi-ori weliwadi, unda gaeqces xarjT-amkreflebs da mere
mTavroba gamoacxadebs, rom es napativebia. es ki dabadebs imas, rom
bevri imaTgani, vinc aqamdisin ixdida patiosnurad gadasaxadebs,
awi Seecdeba, rom mezobels mihbaZos. Zvel dros iyvnen erTi rigis
gadamxdelebi, romelnic uyurebdnen, rom mefes daebadeba vaJi da
manifestiT yvela gadasaxdebs gvapatiebs da unda movicadoTo. ma
gram unda mogaxsenoT, rom es mocileba SeuZliaT mxolod zogierT
nawilebs. Zvelad, magaliTad, amas axerxebdnen ufro memamuleebi,
vinaidan xarjT-amkrefni da boqaulebi ufro karg ganwyobilebaSi
iyvnen maTTan. glexebs ki arbevdnen, kidevac rom ar gadaexadaT qv
abebs waarTmevdnen da iZulebulni iyvnen gadaexadaT. Cven vfiqrobT:
safinanso komisias rom gavyveT, ara dadebiTi aRmzrdelobiTi ele
ments SevitanT sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amitom Cven winaaRmdegi
varT am damatebisa. unda darCes ise, rogorc iyo safinanso saminis
tros mier Semotanili da unda amoiSalos am muxlidan es sityvebi
(kiTxulobs): „yvela Zveli gadasaxadebi sasoflo mamulebze gamor
icxulia saxazino angariSebidan“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me am Sesworebis winaaRmdegi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba
miRebuli gaxlavT. uyri kenWs merve muxls mTlianad. vin aris winaaRm
degi? muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mecxre da meaTe muxlebs, romelic kre
bis mier iqna miRebuli).
Tavmjdomare. meTerTmete muxlSi Semotanilia Sesworeba so
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier. am Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuT
vnis baton guruls.
z. guruli. rogorc kanon-proeqtidan xedavT, ibegreba ZiriTadi
Tanxa, amitom social-demokratiul fraqcias 400% bevrad miaCnia. es
gadasaxadi Zalian Seaferxebs ZiriTad Tanxas da xelis Sewyobis ma
givrad xels SeuSlis mis ganviTarebas. amitom social-demokrati
uli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva, rom 400% magivrad aviRoT 200%.
Tavmjdomare. agreTve unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi gancxadeba finan
sTa ministrisa (kiTxulobs finansTa ministris gancxadebas. finansTa
ministri eTanxmeba s.-d. Sesworebas). vis surs sityva? aravis.
d. oniaSvili. am procentebis Sesaxeb iyo safinanso komisiaSi
laparaki da iqac xmebi gaiyo. erTni iyvnen momxreni 200 procentisa,
meoreni 400 proc-sa.
radganac aq Tanxaze aris laparaki da ara mogebaze, 400 proc.
cota mZime unda iyos.
445
me, Cemis mxriv winaaRmdegi ara var im Sesworebisa, romelic Se
motanilia social-demokratiul fraqciis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba miRebu
li gaxlavT.
uyri kenWs muxls mTlianad. vin aris winaaRmdegi? muxli miRebu
li gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 da 21 mux
ls, romelnic kenWis yriT miRebul iqmnen).
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT social-demokratiul fraqci
isa, rom bolo muxlad daematos Semdegi: „kanoni ese Sedis ZalaSi
dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier“. vTxov damatebis Sesaxeb
momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi damatebisa? aravin.
gTxovT cxrilebi waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs cxrilebs nawilobriv).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? es ricxvi
miRebulia. kanon-proeqtisa mTlianad vin aris winaaRmdegi? kanon-
proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi
sakiTxi gaxlavT gagrZeleba msjelobisa eserebis fraqciis Sinagan
saqmeTa ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo, adeiSvilis moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Rlonts.
446
mo. magram, rodesac es faqtebi uaryofili ar aris, zedmetia amaze
laparaki.
mxolod unda vsTqvaT Semdegi: damfuZnebel krebisagan amorCeul
ma mTavrobam erTi pasuxi gasca am ambebze. is TiTon aRSfoTebuli
aris am ambebis gamo, da iseTi zomebi miiRo, romelic am sakiTxs, am
faqts Seefereba. rasakvirvelia am faqtma sazogado wreebSiac gamoi
wvia aRSfoTeba. aseTive aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia damfuZnebel krebaSi,
mTavrobis wreebSi, sadac aseTi saSualebiT risime garigeba demokra
tiul respublikaSi SeuZleblad aris miCneuli. es aris azri, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebisa ise mTavrobisa. aseTi Zaladoba, romelsac adg
ili hqonda okribaSi, iyo sistema Zvel droisa. bevri gvetyvis, rom
axal respublikam ver SesZlo administratiuli aparatis mowyoba,
rom ai amisTana faqtebs CvenSi adgili aqvs, aqvs gasavali da niadagi.
winaT, rodesac sxva sistema iyo mmarTvelobisa, es iyo ara mmarTvelo
ba SemTxveviTi, aramed es iyo sistema mTavrobisa. aravis ar gahkvir
vebia rom guriaSi, imereTSi adgili hqonda aseT Zaladobas, aravis
ar ukvirda mTavrobis moqmedeba, imitom, rom aseTi Zaladoba, ase
Ti politika iyo safuZveli Zvel reJimisa. exla aRSfoTebuli aris
sinidisi sazogadoebisa, imitom rom es aris marTla samwuxaro SemTx
veva, da ar aris miCneuli, rogorc sistema saadministracio meqaniz
misa. da Cven vambobT, rom es sazogadoebrivi moTxovnileba, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebisa ise sazogadoebisa, unda daedvas safuZvlad Cven
administraciis gaumjobesebas. Cven gardamaval xanaSi, Cven admin
istraciis an sruliad ganwmendaze, an reorganizaciaze _ laparaki
Znelia. ramdenadac laparaki advilia, imdenad Sesruleba Znelia. es
yvelas esmis, gansakuTrebiT im opoziciis xalxs, romelsac ewodeba
pasuxis mgebeli opozicia. ara sabrZolvelad Cven vacxadebT, rom ise
Ti SemTxveva, romelsac adgili hqonda okribaSi, SeiZleba moxdes sxva
adgilebSiac, da xdeba kidec. „saxalxo gazeTs“ mosdis mTeli rigi
werilebisa aseT moqmedebis Sesaxeb. Cven rasakvirvelia, aseT ambebs
ver gamoviyenebT, da arc gamoviyenebT SekiTxvis saganaT, radganac
darwmunebuli varT, rom mTavroba TiTon ibrZvis amis winaaRmdeg, da
TiTon aRSfoTebuli aris aseTi SemTxvevebiT. Cven aseTi Sexeduleba
gvaqs amis Sesaxeb. mTavrobas vsTxovT, rom iseT SemTxvevebSi, miiRos
dauyonebliv zomebi, rom aseTi administratorebi ar iyvnen saTave
Si Cayenebuli, rom saqarTveloSi aseTi praqtika ar gaxdes sistemad.
Cven gvaqvs cnobebi, rom adeiSvili aris samsaxuridan gadayenebu
li, da daWerilic. Cven TiTon gvqonda SemTxveva umaRles adminis
traciis warmomadgenlis moqmedebis duSeTis mazraSi, erTi ukanono
gamosvlis Sesaxeb me mivmarTe Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, da man pira
dad me miTxra, rom iqac iqneba iseTive zomebi miRebuli, da marTlac
gazeTebSi vkiTxulob, rom meore dResve gamoZieba iyo daniSnuli.
mxolod, meore dResve gavigeT, rom iq erTi polkovniki, romelsac
edeboda brali erT moqmedebaSi, isic gadayenebuli iyo. ase rom, Cven
447
gvaqvs faqtebi imisa, rom aseTi ukanono upasuxismgeblo gamosvlebs,
Cven respublikaSi gasavali ar eqneba. es imas niSnavs, rom sazogado,
organizaciis principebs, racionalur principis mixedviT mowyobas,
safuZveli aqvs Cayrili. da erobebi romlis xelSiac gadadis adminis
traciis mowyoba, mTavrobis politikas da survils gasavali eqneba
adgilobriv erobebis muSaobis meoxebiT. CvenTvis es sakiTxi sadao,
da sapolitiko ar aris.
Cven mxolod im azrs vacxadebT, rom yvela fraqcias, romelic
amisTana faqtebs aRniSnavs, Cven mxars davuWerT, rom amisTana SemTx
vevebs adgili aRar hqondes Cven cxovrebaSi da iseTi pirebi, ro
goric aris adeiSvili unda iyvnen dasjilni. mxolod xalxi, radga
nac dazaralebulia qonebriv, ueWvelad unda iyos dakmayofilebuli
qonebiTve. imitom, rom mTavrobas araviTari ganzraxva ar hqonda aseT
eqspediciis gagzavna.
vimeoreb, is administraciis warmomadgeneli, romelmac aseTi
eqspedicia moawyo, ueWvelad dasjili unda iyos, erTis mxriv, da meo
res mxriv, xalxi unda iyos anazRaurebuli im zaralisgan, romelic
am eqspediciam miayena. sazogadod administraciis Sesaxeb unda vTqva
_ mZimea rasakvirvelia xalxisTvis, romelic sisxls Rvris frontze,
mZimea xalxisTvis, rodesac administratori, TiTon xalxis mier ar
Ceuli mTavrobis warmomadgeneli upasuxismgeblo moqmedebas eweva.
soflisTvis es mZimea, autaneli. magram es aixsneba imiT, rom TiTon
is, administracia CvenSi Sesdgeba iseT elementebisagan, romelnic ar
arian im grZnobiT gamsWvalulni, rom isini grZnobdnen, rom ganageben
saqarTvelos saqmes. Cven gvinda, rom administraciis umaRlesma or
ganom miaqcios gansakuTrebuli yuradReba imas, rom am inkvizicias,
am cema-tyepas, iseT faqtebs, rogoric okribaSi iyo, ar hqondes adgi
li sxvagan. me amas imitom vambob, rom TiTon tflisSi gamigonia TviT
miliciis ufrosisagan, rom exla iseT mdgomareobaSi vimyofebiT,
rom Zveli gza, mxolod es Zveli gza aris aucilebeli gza Cveni moq
medebisa, Cveni saxelmwifoebriv aparatis gasamagreblado. magram Cven
vfiqrobT, rom aseTi gza ar aris is gza, romelic gaaumjobesebs Cvens
mdgomareobas da administratiul aparats gaamagrebs. piriqiT, Zal
adobis politika gamoiwvevs SiSs, undoblobas, prostracias. amitom
Zaladobis gziT ver vivliT; Tu aseT politikas marTla eqneba adgili,
ueWvelad aseTi borotmomqmedni unda iyvnen dasjilni dauyovnebliv.
garda amisa TiTon miliciaSi mosamsaxures Tu ar movepyariT,
rogorc moqalaqes, yovlad SeuZlebelia maTi damokidebuleba mcx
ovrebTan iyos moqalaqeobrivi. araviTari aRzrda, araviTari gamoc
dileba miliciis mosamsaxureebs ara aqvT. Zveli administratorebi
uaryofilia, axlebi ar varganan. jer aris mxolod energia. magram
es energia unda movaqcioT sistemaSi, miliciis xalxi unda aRizard
os gonebrivad, zneobrivad, rom xalxs iseTi warmodgena ar hqondes
miliciis moxeleebze, rogorc policielebze. Tu Cven maSasadame, ad
448
ministraciis moxeleebs davayenebT gonebrivad, zneobrivad da yovel
mxriv maRla, es im obieqtiur mdgomareobas Seqmnis, rom amisTana avan
tiuristul gamosvlebs, romelsac hqonda adgili okribaSi, _ Semdeg
Si adgili ar eqneba.
Cveni fraqciis moTxovnilebaa, rom am mxriv, damfuZnebel krebam
da mTavrobam yvela amas yuradReba miaqcios.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs maWavarians.
ioseb maWavariani (er.-dem.) batonebo, okribis darbeva _ ra aris
es SedarebiT saqarTvelos darbevasTan? is, rac gadaurCa saqarTve
losagan ruseTis mtarval mTavrobas da Semdeg ruseTis revoliuci
is qarcecxls, _ am cota ramedanac, ara romelime partiam, ara rome
lime mTavrobam, aramed qarTveli eris Zlierma SemoqmedebiTma Zalam
Sehqmna es patara, uflebriv saxelmwifos mgzavsi, demokratiuli re
spublika saqarTvelosi, saiTkenac dangreul ruseTis TiTqmis yvela
kuTxidan da osmaleTidan iltvoda da iltvian mravalni gadmoxve
wilni, raTa Tavi Seafaron aq da suli moiTqvan. magram, rodesac Cvens
miwa wyalze gamoZRebian, _ yvelaze ar vlaparakob, saxeSi myavs didi
umravlesoba maTi, rodesac Tavis garecxil Subls ganigrileben da
suls moibruneben, umaduris sibraziT es gadmoxvewilni Cvenve gve
muqrebian, Cvenve gvebrZvian. exlac mravali mteri Semogvsevia. dam
Seul turebiviT Semogvcqerian da monatris suliskveTebiT elian
Cvens arsebobis mospobas.
aseT pirobebSi myofs yovel Segnebul qarTvels metad uZneldeba
Tavisive mTavrobis winaaRmdeg galaSqreba. magram, rodesac dRidan
dRe, kviridan kviramde, Tvidan Tvemde Senis TvaliT uyureb, rom xe
lmZRvanelebis meoxebiT Cveni samSoblos Tavisufleba daavadebulia,
rodesac xedav, rom mTavrobis Secdomebi ki ar aCereben am avadmyo
fobis process, aramed arTuleben, aCqareben mas da qmnian TiTqmis
sikvdilis saSiSroebas, _ unda iTqvas is, rac saTqmelia, dasafaravi
araferi rCeba. rCeba mxolod erTi imedi: SecodebaTa mxeliT, Sec
domaTa droze SegnebiT, yovel mZlavr adamians, yovel mZlavr mTav
robas SeuZlia saqmis kidev gamosworeba da ara sasurvel movlenaTa
Tavidan acdena.
SekiTxvam, okribis darbevis Sesaxeb, axada farda da dagvanaxva
mxolod nawili im uwesoebis morevisa, romelSiac Cveni administra
cia esoden xSirad axrCobs saxelmwifoebriv wesierebas. is, rac moxda
okribaSi, xdeba TiTqmis yoveldRe, ama Tu im saxiT, saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze, dawyebuli borCalos mazridan Savi zRvis napirebamde.
miliciaSi gamefebuli uwesoeba, udieroba, carcva, qurdoba,
meqrTameoba, iseTi aRviraxsniloba, rom ubralo milicioneri bedavs
da Cvenis ndobiT aRWurvil ministrsac ki ar erideba. gana es yvelas
aTvis cxadi ar aris, gana amas mtkiceba unda? mere rad xdeba es? imisT
vis, rom erovnul Rirsebas, erovnul Tavmoyvareobas, samSoblos siy
varuls, patriotizmis kults CvenSi qurumni ar uvargian.
449
marto milicia ar aris damnaSave. damnaSavea yoveli is saxelmwifo
manqanis nawili, romlis moSliloba da uvargisoba anareklad gada
dis miliciaze. damnaSavea yvela is, vinc xels uwyobs da hqmnis iseT
niadags, romelzedac SesaZlebeli xdeba aseT uwesoebis aRmoceneba.
rodesac miliciis kadris Seqmnis dros xelmZRvaneloben partiul
TvalsazrisiT, rodesac amave mizniT arsebobs da ganagebs saqmes pro
fesionaluri kavSiri, rodesac mospobilia principi umcros-ufro
sobisa, rodesac yoveli milicioneri darwmunebulia, rom is pasuxs
ar agebs, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Znelad daisjeba, Tu gabatonebul par
tias Tavi Seafara, _ maSin wesierebis damyareba yovlad SeuZlebelia.
aramc Tu saministroebis, aramed yvela dawesebulebebis mowyoba-mow
esrigebis dros, gana partiuli elementi dRemde gadamwyvet rols ar
TamaSobs? gana Tfilisis miliciis ufrosis Setakebam profesional
ur kavSirTan cota ziani miayena, rogorc milicias, ise qveyanas? gana
principi umcros-ufrosobis daculi aris miliciaSi? an iqneba miTx
ran, rom romelime milicioners eSinian pasuxisgebisa. iseT saxelmwi
foSi, sadac Zegvis xidis amfeTqeblebic ki pasuxs ar ageben, Znelad Tu
vismes SeeSindeba pasuxisgebis, miT umetes milicias.
gaixseneT samxedro ministris moxseneba, romelic man warmoud
gina am tribunidan parlaments somxebTan omis dros. Turme sami Tu
oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi omis dawyebamde, sanam mteri esoden mou
lodnelad da veragulad Tavs dagvesxmeboda, somxebi borCaloSi
ukve aSenebdnen mTel savele cixe-simagreebs; akeTebdnen Txrilebs,
swvrTnidnen jariskacebs da moxaliseTa razmebs. da yoveli es xde
boda Cveni administraciis Tvalwin. sad iyo maSin borCalos komisa
ri? ras uyurebda borCalos milicia, an da Tbilisis guberniis ko
misari? Tu isinic arxeinad isxdnen TavianT savarZlebSi da elodnen,
_ gazeTis furclebi rodis mogvawvdian cnobebsao? SesaZlebelia
gana uflebriv saxelmwifoSi, rom aseTi daudevroba miliciisa, ase
Ti borotmoqmedeba komisarisa sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dausjeli
darCes? me ki jer ar msmenia, rom romelime komisari, an milicioneri
aseT aRmaSfoTebel borotmoqmedebisaTvis pasuxisgebaSi iyos mice
muli. moigoneT meore magaliTi. damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebis
dros, TianeTis mazris komisarma sruliad ukanonoT, usafuZvloT
daapatimra ori udanaSaulo piri _ gelovani da burduli, erovnul-
demokratebis partiis warmomadgenelni (niniZe: yaCaRebi iyvnen).
didis cdis, mraval Txovnis Semdeg TviT Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma
Tanaxmad sasamarTlos wevris kobiaSvilis moxsenebisa, romelsac
hqonda mindobili sastiki gamoZieba amis Sesaxeb, gaanTavisufla ge
lovani da burdulic. merwmuneT, ar gaanTavisuflebden maT, rom
isini yaCaRebi yofiliyvnen. me ar Sevexebi imas, Tu riT xelmZRvan
elobda TianeTis komisari. undoda imas, rom arCevnebis dros Tav
idan moeSorebina mowinaaRmdege partiis warmomadgenelni, rogorc
gavleniani pirni am mazraSi, Tu sxva ram piradi ganzraxva hqonda.
450
aRvniSnav mxolod faqts: TianeTis komisarma Tavisufal respublik
is moqalaqes ahyara misi uaRresi ufleba da, rogorc avazaki, Caag
do cixeSi. mere aseTis saqcielisaTvis _ moqalaqis Tavisuflebis ase
udierad da ukanonod mospobisaTvis, TiTon komisari pasuxisgebaSi
aris micemuli? ara, da Tqven gnebavT, rom milicionerebs eSinodeT
pasuxisgebisa? maT rom es SiSi hqonodaT, gana qalaq foTSi moqalaqee
bi Cavardebodnen im mdgomareobaSi, romelzedac amas winad mogviTx
robdnen gazeTebSi? gana TfilisSi Cven SevqmnidiT iseT mdgomareo
bas, romelic suls gvixuTavs da, rogorc gareSe saqmeTa ministrma
ganacxada guSin aq, gadagvkida ingliselebs, vinaidan sikvdiliT das
jilni avazakni erTi saxlidan meore saxlSi ver migviyvania? maT rom
SiSi hqonodaT pasuxismgeblobisa, gana Cven gasadevni da dasapatim
rebeli gagvixdeboda TiTqmis mTeli sisxlis samarTlis milicia?
aqamdis ver xedavden, rom es milicia bude yofila borotebis da ara
wesierebisa? gana is guSin daibada? sad iyvnen aqamdis? milicias rom
SiSi hqondes pasuxisgebis, adeiSvili da misi razmi gana gabedavden
imis Cadenas, rac Caidines okribaSi? rasakvirvelia ara.
da rodesac am SekiTxvis sapasuxod gamobrZanda aq Sinagan saqme
Ta ministri, me mgonia, is obieqtiurad gaaSuqebda namdvils mizezs
okribis darbevisas. magram baton ministris pasuxi, moulodnelad da
samwuxarod, yovlad umweo iyo. umweo iyo imis Tavis marTleba imaSi,
rom 7 aprilidan 27 aprilamde mas SeZlebac ar hqonda raime zomebi
mieRo, vinaidan „saxalxo gazeTma“ mxolod 26 aprils ineba am ambebis
gamoqveyneba Tavis furclebze.
sCans, Cven Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ar hqonia sxva wyaro, gaze
Tis cnobebis garda, sxva saSualeba imis gasagebad, Tu ra xdeba mis sa
brZanebelSi. umweo iyo agreTve ministris axsna im mizezebisa, romel
mac gamoiwvia okribis darbeva. Turme, nu ityviT, damnaSave yofila
okribis aznauroba. rodesac adeiSvili Tavis razmiT mivida okrib
aSio, brZana batonma ministrma, am razms SeuerTda ramdenime warmo
madgeneli adgilobriv privilegiur wodebis, e. i. aznaurebi da imaT
zegavleniT moxda es borotmoqmedebao.
Cven, rom miviRoT aseTi sistema ara sasurvel movlenebis axs
naSi, gamodis rom, magaliTad, Cvenma mTavrobam, RmerTma daifaros
igi, _ da rame borotmoqmedeba Caidinos eris winaSe, Cven maSin unda
vsTqvaT, rom mTavrobam es boroteba Caidina imisTvis, rom yvela Cven
ministrebSi da maT TanaSemweebSi, ori Tu sami kacis garda, suyvela
aznauriSvilebi arian. ra SuaSia aq aznauroba? mere isic _ okribis
Tavad-aznauroba, aba vis gaugia? okribis aznauri, jer revoliuci
amde, TiTqmis ar ganirCeoda glexisagan da warmoidgineT, ra iqneba
exla okribis aznauroba? magram es xom dromoWmuli Cveuleba aris,
Zveli xerxi Cveni social-demokratebisa. crumorwmune adamians rame
ubedureba rom daatydeba Tavze, is yovelTvis abralebs amas eSmaks an
faTeraks, Cveni social-demokratebi ki yovelive ubedurebas CvenSi
451
abraleben Tavad-aznaurobas. Tu es saWiro iyo revoliuciis pirvel
dReebSi, _ isic partiisaTvis da ara qveynisTvis, dRes privilegiur
wodebaze laparaki srulebiT zedmeti aris. sad, an romel okribaSi
naxa b. ministrma iseTi Tavadoba, iseTi aznauroba, romelTac aqvT
„sasaxleebi“, „aivanebi“. iseTi STabeWdileba dastova b-n ministris
moxsenebam, rom aznaurebi gamomdgaran okribaSi TavianT aivnebze
wvimian dReSi, zevidan dascqerian glexTa yrilobas da eubnebian: nu
agvirCevT Tqven warmomadgenlebaT, e. i. nu gvcemT aseT pativso. miTx
ariT sad, romel saqarTvelos kuTxeSi ginaxavT Tqven, rom am revoli
uciis xanaSi glexebi kalTas aglejden aznaurebs, Tqveni WirimeT,
usaTuod Cvens warmomadgenlebad Tqven unda agirCioTo. es, dagveTanx
mebiT, dasajerebeli ar aris. (xma: ver gagigiaT). me mSvenivrad gavige,
da kargi iqneba, rom Tqvenc gaigebdeT rames. Tu okribis aznaurobam
moawyo es saqme, riT aixsneba is, rom adeiSvilis razmma pirvel rigSi
Caayena 71 wlis moxuci vinme kaxiZe da, rogorc b-nma ministrma dagvi
suraTa, Camohkida xeze da gaamaTraxa. kaxiZe xom aznauri aris. (xma:
ar vicodiT es). mxolod ucodinarobas SeuZlia warmoSvas movlenaTa
aseTi axsna. b. ministris sityviT gamodis, rom okribis aznaurebma im
rigad moawyes saqme TavianT aivnebze, rom upirveles yovlisa Tavi
sive aznauri gaaSoltines. gogolis erTi gmiri ki ambobs, rom unter
oficeris colma Tavis Tavi TviTon gawkeplao. magram, Tu aseTi sabu
TiT Cven aq mogvindomebden darwmunebas, es swored ar megona.
nuTu Tqven ggoniaT, rom aseTi meTodiT, aseTi xerxiT amyarebT we
sierebas? ara, Tqven aRrmavebT uwesoebas, imitom rom aseTis axsniT,
aseTis Tqveni codvis sxvaze gadataniT aZlevT masalas yovel Tqven
propagandists da yovel milicioners, rom sTqvaT: Cven mSvenivrebi
varT, CvenSi yvelaferi kargad aris mowyobili, magram Tu raime uwe
soeba xdeba, amaSi damnaSave aris an okribis aznauroba, anda, vsTqvT,
moxisis Tavadobao.
magram davujeroT b. ministris moxsenebas. warmovidginoT, rom
okribis aznaurobam iseTi gavlena iqonia mTavrobis miliciaze, iseT
mdgomareobaSi Caayena, rom aiZula es milicia, raTa mas Caedina aseTi
aRmaSfoTebeli borotmoqmedeba. aqedan ra daskvnis gamotana SeiZle
ba? mxolod erTis, rom Cvens mTavrobas ar hqonia mowyobili admin
istratiuli aparati, ar hyolia iseTi milicia, romelsac SeeZlos
demokratiul respublikis interesebis Rirseulad dacva im umniS
vnelo Zalis borotganzraxvisaganac ki, rogoric aris okribis az
nauroba. miT uaresi mTavrobisaTvis.
aseT mosazrebiT, aseT sabuTebiT gamosvla damfuZnebel krebis
winaSe, b-no ministro, arc saxelmwifo interesebs, arc Tqven mzeobas
ar ekadreba.
mTavroba, romelsac mTeli Tavis gonebis gamWriaxobiT gaTval
iswinebuli aqvs naTlad macocxlebeli saWiroebani Tavis erisa,
mTavroba, romelsac mTeli Tavis grZnobiT swyuria da mTeli Tavis
452
energiiT mowadinebuli aris daamyaros wesrigi da ganamtkicos Tavi
sufali cxovreba Tavis eris, arasodes ar Sedrkeba araviTar faqtis
winaSe, da kidevac damnaSave Tu aris mTavroba, Tavis codvebs okribis
aznaurobas ki ar gadaabralebs, aramed gulaxdilad aRiarebs eris
winaSe Tavis danaSauls. imitom, rom amas moiTxovs saxelmwifos in
teresi. imitom, rom aseTi gulaxdiloba, aseTi Segneba Tavis Secdo
misa aris upirvelesi da umtkicesi sawindari imis, rom mTavroba Sem
degSi mainc gamoasworebs rac gamosasworebelia da aacilebs Tavidan
ers im ara sasurvel movlenebs, romelnic Sav aCrdilebad dRemdis
dastrialebden saqarTvelos damoukideblobas da mis Tavisuflebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs.
453
erTi da meore piric damnaSave arian TianeTis komisariatze Tav
dasxmaSi. es moxda im dros, roca Cven vawarmoebdiT brZolas duSe
Tis ajanyebulebis winaaRmdeg. (xma: ratom pasuxisgebaSi ar mieciT?)
mogaxsenebT amis Sesaxeb. me mgoni rom aCqareba saWiro ar aris, es saqme
gadaeca gamomZiebels, Tu gamomZebelma ver monaxa, Cven SegviZlian
amis Sesaxeb kiTxva davsvaT dRes Tu ara xval mainc, da am saqmes kanon
ieri msvleloba miecema. me gadaWriT vacxadeb, rom marTla es moxda,
marTla isini damnaSave arian, da amis winaaRmdeg ramdenadac me vici,
arc b. gvazava aris, romelic CvenTan modioda da acxadebda, (xma: ra
tom gauSviT?) (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT, nu laparakobT adgilidan,
nu uSliT.
n. b. ramiSvili. roca romelime piris moqmedeba gadaecema ga
momZiebels da is anTavisuflebs, me rogorc ministrs ar maqvs, Tu
raime gansakuTrebuli pirobebi ar aris, ar maqvs arc saSualeba, arc
raime ufleba mis winaaRmdeg miviRo administratiuli zomebi. ma
gram me darwmunebuli var, am pirebis winaaRmdeg saqme gaTavebuli ar
aris da piruTvneli samsjavro Tavis msjavrs gamoitans ase Tu ise.
me megona, rom am SekiTxvis Sesaxeb Cven movismendiT erT gancxadebas:
_ ra unda gaekeTebina mTavrobas am samwuxaro moqmedebis, Tanamde
bobis pirTa mier dauSvebel moqmedebis winaaRmdeg. ai erTad-erTi
normaluri msvleloba am sakiTxisa. me unda ganvacxado, Tu marTlac
am mxriv saqmes miudgebodiT, aSkara aris, rom mTavrobam gaakeTa is,
ris gakeTebac mas SeeZlo. marTlac man miiRo, mimarTa administra
tiul zomebs, vinaidan yvela es damnaSave pirebi, yvela datusaRebu
li arian administratiul wesiT, magram es moxda imitom rom, Cvenda
saubedurod, saerTod Cven jer iseT pirobebSi vimyofebiT, rom sa
samarTlos aparati ar aris imdenad moqnili, rom SeeZlos yvela im
saqmeebs misces wesieri msvleloba. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom adminis
tracia da milicia gadaeca erobas, es misi mowyoba erobaTa saqmea. me
aq ar Seudgebi imis ganxilvas, Tu ra gakeTda am mxriv saerobo TviT
mmarTvelobis mier. magram mTavroba valdebulia, rac miiRo parla
mentma _ aasrulos. Cven, rasakvirvelia, araviTari ufleba ar gvqon
da, rom am adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis uflebaSi CavreodiT. Cven
gvqonda erTad-erTi ufleba kontrolisa da Semdeg, ama Tu im damna
Savis winaaRmdeg zomebis miRebisa da Cven es miviReT, da me vambob,
am mxriv Cveni vali savsebiT moxdili aris. magram aq saerTo sakiTxs
misces ufro farTo xasiaTi, rasakvirvelia yvela partias aqvs iseTi
ufleba, yoveli kerZo SemTxveva man warmoidginos rogorc sistema
marTva-gamgeobisa, magram Tu ki Tqven marTlac am niadagze dadgebiT,
aucilebeli Sesaferi sabuTebic unda warmoadginoT. es sabuTebi, me
marTali unda vsTqva, ver vixile, garda imisa, rom xSirad ama Tu im
milicionerTa winaaRmdeg Cven viRebT Sesafer zomebs, mag. tfilis
Si, es amtkicebs imas, rom marTalac aris miRebuli zomebi tfilisis
454
miliciis gasajansaReblad. es ki Tqven gamoiyeneT mTavrobis winaaRm
deg gamosvlisTvis. me Tqven gekiTxebiT: ra uflebiT? (xma: ratom aqa
mdisin ar iyo miRebuli zomebi?) ukacravad, Tqven iciT albad, rom
milicia iyo savsebiT qalaq tfilisis TviTmmarTvelobis gankargule
baSi. es kanoni, romelzedac me mogaxseneT, romliTac Cven xelSi gad
movida meTvalyureoba da zogierTi zomebis miReba. es mxolod ori
Tve aris da ai, am xnis ganmavlobaSi, rom marTla Cven gvqonoda saqme
keTilsinidisier mowinaaRmdegesTan, is Semoitanda SekiTxvas, _ Tu
ra zomebi miiRo qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam am miliciis winaaRmdeg.
es me mesmis, amas eqneboda mniSvneloba, amas eqneboda marTla xasiaTi
keTilsinidisierad dayenebul sakiTxisa. magram me vambob, es Tqven, ra
sakvirvelia, ar moimoqmedeT. magram exla, roca marTla Cven vxedavT,
rom am miliciis gajansaRebisTvis miRebulia seriozuli zomebi, rom
marTlac is elementebi, romelic Sxamavdnen ara marto adgilobriv
atmosferas, aramed xels uSlidnen Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebis
normalur msvlelobas, maT winaaRmdeg marTla aris miRebuli zome
bi, isini datusaRebulni arian. da Tqven aseTi faqti, adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis da ramodenime mTavrobis moqmedebisa gamogaqvT,
rogorc sabuTi mTavrobis sawinaaRmdegoT. me Tqven gekiTxebiT: _ ra
sabuTiT, ra uflebis ZaliT?
es SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rom marTlac Tqven gqondeT
utyuari sabuTi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom rac xdeba, romelime dawe
sebuleba, aris is umaRlesi mTavroba Tu adgilobrivi organoebi,
xels afareben. me ki unda mogaxsenoT, rom ar yofila arc erTi SemTx
veva, rom romelime borotmoqmedebis winaaRmdeg Cven ar migveRo us
astikesi zomebi. marTalia, SeiZleba es seriozuli sabuTi iyos Cve
ni azriT, rom es razmi gaigzavna 7 aprils, Cven ki zomebi miviReT
27 aprils. magram Tqven iciT, rom adgilobriv okribis samwuxaro
ambebis Sesaxeb, Cvenma warmomadgenelma miiRo zomebi 17 aprils. Sei
Zleba marTalia, rom ar aris Cveni aparati moqnili, me mesmis, rom
amis Sesaxeb kidev SeiZleba msjeloba, magram imis mtkiceba, TiTqos
meqrTameoba gamefebuli aris, rogorc sistema, rogorc aq iyo wamos
rolili, me mgoni amis Tqma ar SeuZlian damfuZnebel krebis arc erT
wevrs. TiTqos gamefebuli aris iseTi mdgomareoba, roca borotmoq
medeba dausjeli rCeba; me mgoni amis dasamtkiceblad Tqven verc erT
sabuTs ver moiyvanT, vinaidan ar yofila arc erTi SemTxvevac, rom
raime borotmoqmedeba gamomJRavnebuliyo da Cven ar migveRo Ses
aferi zomebi. es xdeba ara marto aq, TbilisSi, aramed es xdeba mTel
Cvens respublikis farglebSi.
amitom me aq unda vsTqva: mTavrobis movaleoba am saqmeSi mxolod
erTad erTia; Tu ki Cven ar gvinda, ar gvsurs davarRvioT is kanoni,
romelic miRebulia parlamentis mier, Cven movaleobas Seadgenda
umaRlesi meTvalyureoba; roca romelime borotmoqmedeba Cadenili
aris, amis winaaRmdeg miviRoT zomebi, da es zomebi ukve miRebulia.
455
Tu Cven, mTavrobas SegveZlo migveRo sxva winaswari zomebi, es me me
smis. aq laparakobda federalistebis warmomadgeneli. diax, amas aqvs
mniSvneloba, aseT zomebis miRebas, magram aqedan im daskvnis gamota
na, rac Tqven aq ilaparakeT, am daskvnis gamotana, rom Cven vinaidan
ver SevZeliT borotmoqmedebis Tavidan acileba, borotmoqmedebisa,
romelic Caidina ama Tu im moxelem, _ ar avasruleT Tvisi movaleoba,
sruliad uniadagoa.
Tavmjdomare. msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. Semotanilia ba
raTi krebis wevris nucubiZesi. igi iTxovs meore sityvas im saganze,
romelzedac laparaki iyo. reglamentSi gaxlavT muxli, sadac Semde
gi sweria: (kiTxulobs) yovel orators garda momxsenebelisa erTsa
da imave saganze SeuZlian ilaparakos mxolod erTxel.
am muxlis ZaliT, rodesac me miviRe baton nucubiZis gancxadeba,
me mas vacnobe, rom mas sakiTxze laparaki ar SeuZlia da sityva ga
dasces vismes Tavis fraqciis orators. (xmauroba).
reglamentis darRvevis Sesaxeb Tu gnebavT _ mobrZandiT.
ilia nucubiZe (s.-r.) reglamentis mesame nawili msjelobis wesSi
marTlac sweria: (kiTxulobs) yovel orators garda momxsenebelisa,
erTsa da imave saganze SeuZlian ilaparakos mxolod erTxel.
magram aq koreqtiuli Secdoma unda iyos. reglamentSi iyo erTi
muxli, rom SemkiTxvels SeuZlian laparaki orjer, es miviReT Cven
reglamentSi.
amas garda, rogorc mogexsenebaT aris muxli, romlis Tanaxmad,
mTavrobis gancxadebis Semdeg orators SeuZlian xelaxlad aiRos
sityva.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom SeiZleba marTlac Secdoma
iyos, ar vici, magram me xelT maqvs is teqsti, romelic dabeWdili iyo.
advili SesaZlebelia, rom Secdoma iyos. me ar vici neba miboZeT, raki
es garkveuli ar aris mivce sityva baton nucubiZes. mobrZandiT.
sityva ekuTvnis nucubiZes,
ilia nucubiZe. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cven SekiTxvas ori mizani hqonda: erTi konkretiuli da meore
ufro farTo _ politikuri. pirveli _ gadagveSala damfuZnebeli
krebisa da sazogadoebis winaSe is barbarosoba, romelic quTaisis
sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosma adeiSvilma okribis mxareSi
Caidina, rom mTavrobas Sesaferisi zomebi mieRo borotmomqmedTa wi
naaRmdeg.
meore _ gagvexada damfuZnebel krebis msjelobis obieqtad admin
istraciis mouwyobloba. SekiTxvis orive mizani savsebiT miRweulia,
ase rom SekiTxva amowurulaT unda CaiTvalos, amitom me sityvas ar
gavagrZeleb. unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, bevri ar damrCa salapara
ko gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom aravin sawinaaRmdegos ar amtkicebs.
im sabuTebs, romelic me xelT maqvs, kidev daumata b. ministrma axali
sabuTebi, romliTac cxadyo, rom marTlac did barbarosobas qonda
456
adgili okribis mxareSi. da rodesac me baton ministrs movaxsene, rom
27 aprilamdi araviTari zomebi ar yofila miRebuli borotmoqmed
Ta winaaRmdegTqo, pasuxaT miviRe Semdegi: administracia ar aris
moqnili da amitom 20 dRes ganmavlobaSi ar gvqonda SeZleba zome
bi migveRovo. ase rom aqac b. ministrma Tavis siuZlure aRiara da am
SemTxvevaSi Cven sakamaTo araferi gvaqvs. me minda mxolod oriode si
tyva mogaxsenoT saerTod administraciis mouwyoblobis Sesaxeb. es
sakiTxi metad seriozuli sakiTxia. am sakiTxs me aq ar davawvrilmaneb
ise, rogorc es opoziciis warmomadgenelma marjvnidan qna. me ufro
ZiriTadaT minda sakiTxi davayeno. Cvenis azriT es administraciis
mouwyobloba umTavresad gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom saerTod
areulia Cveni cxovreba, areulia saxalxo meurneoba. me xazs usvam,
batonebo, im garemoebas, rom cxovrebis xangrZlivma ryevam, saerTo
arevdarevam Seqmna gansakuTrebuli patologiuri tipebi. am tipebis
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi Semdegia: maTTvis araviTari Rirebuleba
ar arsebobs, TviT sicocxle maTTvis araraa. eseni ganusazRvreli en
ergiiT, magram masTan umiznoT, aqeT-iqiT exeTqebian. maT ar aqvT das
ayrdnobi wertili, sulis navTsayudeli. da ai es elementebi sCadian
iseT borotebas, rogorsac normaluri adamiani ver Caidens. Tundac
is borotmoqmedeba, romelsac okribaSi hqonda adgili, aSkaraT ar
mowmobs, rom misi Camdenni suliT daavadebulni iyvnen?! aseT patolo
giuri elementebi bevrni arian dRes, saerTo arev-darevis xanaSi. ma
gram ra eSveleba mdgomareobas, Tu ase seriozulia is, Tu ase Rrma
mizezi Cvens winaSe wamoWril anormal movlenisa? aseT SemTxvevebSi
zerele zomebi saqmes ver uSvelis. saWiroa TviT saTavis gajansaReba,
rom iqedan Rvria da bacilebianma wyalma ar idinos.
Cveni social-politikuri cxovrebis saTave metad mowamlulia da
TviT Cveni mTavrobis saerTo xazi xels uwyobs am anormal mdgomare
obis gauaresebas. Cvens mTavrobas axasiaTebs orWofi politika. Cveni
mTavroba or skamze zis: mas surs demokratias emsaxuros da burJua
ziis interesebic daicvas. es Seusabamobaa. am Seusabamobidan Seusa
bamo politikac gamodis. Seusabamo politika ki amefebs cxovrebaSi
Seusabamo mdgomareobas. marTlac, gana SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom
demokratia iyos politikurad batoni da ekonomiurad mona? war
moudgenelia, magram es CvenSi faqtia da am Seusabamobas cxovrebis
loRika saswrafoT gaasworebs: an demokratia politikurad batoni
ekonomiuradac gabatondeba, an dauTmobs Tavis alags ufro Zlier
klass. sxva gamosavali ar aris. (xma: SekiTxvasTan ra kavSiri aqvs?) me
mogaxseneT, batonebo, rom administraciis mouwyobloba da sxva aseTi
anormaloba gamomdinareobs ZiriTadi mizezidan _ mTavrobis poli
tikis saerTo xazidan, es xazi ki Tavis mxriv aSenebulia demokratiis
rolis yalb gageba-dafasebaze da ai, swored amitom mogaxsenebT me
mTavrobis saerTo politikaze, romelsac pirdapir politikur da
ekonomiur ganadgurebisaken mivyevarT.
457
saWiroa am Waobis amoSroba, Torem bacilebi mudam iqneba da Cveni
cxovrebac moSxamuli da daavadebuli. mTavrobis exlandeli politi
ka mizans ver miaRwevs, radgan, rogorc mogaxseneT, yalb debulebidan
gamomdinareobs. am garemoebisaTvis Cven bevrjer gagvisvams xazi da
exlac usvamT, radgan arsebuli mdgomareoba ufskrulisaken migvaqa
nebs. da momavali dagvanaxebs marTali iyo Tu ara Cveni Sexeduleba.
Cven vamtkicebT, rom xsna saxalxo meurneobis ayvavebaSia, magram
es ayvaveba Zveli separatiuli gziT SeuZlebelia, umravlesobis par
tia ki aseT gzas adgia, burJuaziis ganmtkicebis gzas. (xmauroba. ar
ismis oratori) burJuazia ki xalxisaTvis arafers qmnis, Cven xalxi
unda gavamtkicoT da ara burJuazia. unda uqnaT mobilizacia xalx
is energias da is koleqtiur Semoqmedebisaken mivmarToT. rac Seex
eba burJuaziis ganmtkicebis gzas, romelsac social-demokratia
adgia, es gza Semcdari da mavnebelia. sad da rodis gagonila, rom
romelime klass Tvisi mopirdapire klasis interesebis sasargeblod
Segnebulad da aqtiurad emoqmedos?! es cxovrebis kanonebs ewinaaRm
degeba. da es arc CvenSi gaxdeba SesaZlebeli. amitom gabatonebulma
partiam unda Sescvalos Tavisi politika, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas
aucilebeli damarcxeba moelis. yovelive amasTan unda movigonoT,
rom burJuaziis simdidre eris simdidre ar aris, rom burJuazia
eris mteria. moigoneT _ revoliuciis Semdeg Cveni memamuleebi raRac
kavSirebs abamden osmalos mTavrobasTan (xmauroba, xma: sicruea! ar
ismis oratori). moigoneT safrangeTis didi revoliucia, memamule
emigrantebis SeTqmuloba mis winaaRmdeg, moigoneT denikin-miliu
kovebi, romlebic samSoblos interesebis winaaRmdeg ucxo qveynis
imperialistebs iwveven (gvazava adgilidan: eg fantaziaa!) fantazia
ki ara, faqtia, batonebo! faqtia, batonebo, isic, rom burJuaziis da
eris interesebi erTi da igive araa. piriqiT burJuaziis simdidre
eris siRatakea da radganac es asea, Tu soc.-dem. burJuaziis samsax
urze xeli ar aiRo, mas gariyavs da social-demokratuli mTavroba
verc administracias moawyobs da verc cxovrebas moagvarebs.
vimeorebT, saWiroa Cveni cxovrebis ZiriTadi gadaxaliseba, miT
umetes dRes, rodesac mTeli evropa am gadaxalisebis gzas adgia. Tu
aqeTken ar iqna mimarTuli mTavrobis politika, kidev vimeorebT, is,
ueWvelia, ganwirulia.
Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.
458
soc-demokrat. formula.
soc.-revoliuc. formula.
459
Semoitana axali kanon-proeqti rkinis gzebze mosamsaxureTaTvis jam
agiris gadidebisa. saerTod is wesi jamagirebis momatebisa, romelic
dRemde aris miRebuli, saministros miaCnia uxerxulad da urigoT; am
Sexedulebis aris sabiujeto komisiac. winandel sistemiT kvalifi
ciuri muSebi TiTqmis arafriT ar ganisazRvrebian Sav muSebisagan,
da es saerTod did zians ayenebs saqmis rigianaT wayvanas. rogorc
specialuri codnis muSebi, ise kvalificiuri muSebi scdiloben sx
vagan eZion samuSao da am gziT gaiumjobeson nivTieri mdgomareo
ba. Cven mezobel aderbeijanis respublikis rkinis gzaze jamagirebi
gacilebiT ufro meti aris, vinem CvenSi. amiT aixsneba is, rom muSebi,
romelnic CvenTvis aucilebeli saWiro arian, stoveben Cvens gzebs da
gadadian azerbaijanis an somxis rkinis gzebzed. rom es garemoeba ro
gorme yofiliyo Tavidan acilebuli, uwyebam gamoimuSava minimaluri
momatebebi jamagirebisa, rom Cveni gzis mosamsaxureebis jamagirebi
daaxloveboda azerbaijanis da somxeTis rkinis gzis mosamsaxureebis
jamagirebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba aqvs miqceuli swored kval
ificiur muSebs; am kanon-proeqtiT amaTi jamagirebiT uaxlovdebian
aderbaijanis gzebze mosamsaxure kvalificiur muSebis jamagirebs.
jamagirebis momateba gamomuSavebulia Semdegi sistemiT: yvela mo
samsaxureni gayofili arian or nawilaT: pirveli nawili, es dabali
mosamsaxureni, dayofili arian 14 kategoriaT; da meore nawili, es
ufro maRali mosamsaxureni, am kanon-proeqtiT iyofebian 14 xarisx
aT. dabal mosamsaxureebis kategoriebaT dayofa miRebuli iyo par
lamentis mier, xolo maRal xarisxis mosamsaxureebis 14 xarisxaT day
ofis proeqti Tan axlavs am axal kanon-proeqts.
jamagirebis momateba moxda Semdegis wesiT: aRebulia ZiriTadi
jamagirebi da es ukanaskneli aris procentiulad gadidebuli. pir
veli kategoriis mosamsaxure, romlis ZiriTadi jamagiri udrida 183
man. da 75 kap. is momatebiT miiRebs sul 694 man. da 67 kap. an da pro
centiulad rom vsTqvaT 178 % mimatebuli; me-7 kategoria, romelsac
ZiriTadi jamagiri hqonda 341 m. momatebulia 665 man. da 44 k., sul
miiRebs 1006 man. da 69 k., % rom aviRoT 195% Seadgens. ukanaskneli
kategoria muSebisa, romelTa ZiriTadi jamagiri 495 man. udris, mo
matebiT miiRebs sul 1287 man. rac Seadgens 160%-is momatebas. mo
mateba im mosamsaxureebis, romelnic kategoriis gareSe arian da ro
melnic saministros 14 xarisxad dauyvia, aseTi aris: pirvel xarisxis
mosamsaxuris ZiriTadi jamagiri iyo 550 man, maT moematebaT 770 man.
sul miiRebs 1320 man. ukanasknel xarisxSi meore nawilisa Sedis mx
olod gzaTa departamentis umfrosi, misi jamagiris momatebiT Sead
gens sul 2790 man. am kanon-proeqts Tan axlavs nusxa, xarisxebaT day
ofisa, pirvel xarisxSi Sedian (kiTxulobs):
460
1 xarisxSi:
2 xarisxSi:
3 xarisxSi:
4 xarisxSi:
5 xarisxSi:
6 xarisxSi:
7 xarisxSi:
461
loatacio nawilis texnikur ganmkargulebel ganyofilebis gamge,
sanavTsadeno nawilis ufrosis TanaSemwe, saSemosavlo nawilis
ufrosis TanaSemwe.
8 xarisxSi:
9 xarisxSi:
10 xarisxSi:
11 xarisxSi:
12 xarisxSi:
13 xarisxSi:
14 xarisxSi:
gzaTa ufrosi.
462
ai, aseTnairad arian danawilebuli ufrosi mosamsaxureebi. am
kanon-proeqtiT momateba sul Seadgens 20226735 man. saministros aqvs
daaxlovebiT gamorkveuli Semosavali rkinis gzisa da misi xarjebi.
am angariSis mixedviT rkinis gza daaxlovebiT mogvcems 13 milions
deficits. kanon-proeqtze TandarTul ganmartebiTi furcelSi samin
istros aqvs CamoTvlili zomebi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen gzaTa
uwyebas sagrZnoblad Seamciros eg deficiti. aqve unda mogaxsenoT,
rom gzaTa uwyebas azrad aqvs gamoimuSavos norma imisa, Tu ramdeni
saTbobi masala undeba orTqlmavals, ramdens daswvavs normalur
pirobebSi _ normalur muSaobis dros. exlandel droSi Cveni rkinis
gza Zalian bevr navTs ixarjavs, daaxlovebiT 600,000 fuTs TveSi. nor
malur pirobebSi ki 300,000 f. iqneba sakmarisi. miiRes ra mxedveloba
Si zemoxsenebuli sabiujeto da gzaTa komisiebma, am kanon-proeqtis
miReba SesaZleblad scnes.
463
sac eSelonebi midiodnen aqedan da amitom, rasakvirvelia, daCqare
biT iyo gatarebuli es ganrigeba, rom erTgvari wesrigi yofiliyo
SemoRebuli rkinis gzaze. umTavresi nakli am ganrigebisa aris is, rom
masSi ar aris jerovani Sefaseba im kvalificiur muSebisa, romelnic
mowyvetilni arian sofels da amrigad saWiroeben met sazogadoebas,
vidre dabal kategoriis muSebi, romelnic liandagzed muSaoben da
amrigad sofelTan arian dakavSirebulni. kvalificiuri muSebi, ro
melnic 10 wlobiT muSaobdnen xolme, iZulebulni arian daanebon Tavi
samsaxurs, midian, rogorc mogexsenebaT Tqven, mezobel azerbaijanis
rkinis gzaze, sadac ufro Zneli pirobebis gamo, jamagiri ufro iyo
momatebuli. ukanasknel dros, am wasvlam nametani masiuri xasiaTi
miiRo. Cven ukve davkargeT mravali kvalificiuri muSa saxelosnoSi
da es, rasakvirvelia, did zians miayenebs Cven rkinis gzas Tu amis wi
naaRmdeg ar iqneba miRebuli zomebi. ZiriTadi debuleba jamagirebis
axal momatebisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom am klasificiur muSebs da
agreTve mosamsaxureebs, radganac aseTive mdgomareobaSi aris erTi
nawili ufrosi mosamsaxureebisac, egredwodebuli specialistebi,
romelnic muSaoben umTavresad saxelosnos cexebSi, an gamgeobaSi, da
romelnic agreTve mowyvetilni arian sofels da amitom maTi mdgo
mareoba SedarebiT uaresia, vidre imaTi, vinc liandagze msaxuroben
_ imaTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisTvis jamagirebi dauaxlovdes
aderbeijanis rkinis gzis jamagirebs, rasakvirvelia, im SesworebiT,
rom aderbeijanis pirobebi Cven pirobebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ua
resi arian. es mtkicdeba imiT, rom iq ufro did jamagirzedac ar mid
ian Cveni mosamsaxureebi. amitom aseTi Sesworeba SemovitaneT Cven im
kategoriis pirebisTvis, romlebzedac aq ukve moaxsenes damfuZnebel
krebas, rom sadac iwyoba klasificiuri muSebi, ese igi meSvide kat
egoriidan da es jamagirebi uaxlovdeba aderbaijanis jamagirebs.
ase midis 14 kategoriamdi da pirveli xarisxidan meoTxemdi, xolo
umaRlesi mosamsaxureebi isev ufro nakleb jamagirebs Rebuloben,
vidre aderbaijanis rkinis gzaze. magaliTad, SemiZlian vsTqva, rom
muSa pirvel kategoriisa iRebs Cveni proeqtiT 694 man., azerbaijanSi
ki 830 man. pirvel da meore kategorias, umTavresad liandagis muSe
bi Seadgenen. magaliTad meore kategoriaSi iricxeba 3331 kaci. maT
Soris 2300 kaci, egredwodebuli remontis muSebi. ese igi liandag
ze momuSavarni da isini, rogorc mogaxseneT cxovroben soflebis
siaxloves, zogierTi sakuTari saxlis siaxloves. amaT, magaliTad,
meore kategoriiT, ergebodaT aderbaijanis gzis wesiT, ergebaT gac
ilebiT meti vidre Cveni kanon-proeqtiT. es gansxvaveba imitom aris,
rom Seudarebelia pirobebi samsaxurisa, magaliTad evlaxis raion
Si da suramis gadasavalze, an Tundac imereTSi, an aq goris mazraSi.
rac Seexeba kvalificiur muSebs aq gansxvaveba naklebia. aviRoT meaTe
kategoria, aq aris warmodgenili Tviurad 750 man. aderbaijanis rki
nis gzaze imave kategoriisTvis aris 892 maneTi, 14 kategoriisTvis
464
aq aris 1287 maneTi, aderbaijanis rkinis gzaze aris 1327 maneTi. aq
daaxlovebiT 5 Tumnamde aris gansxvaveba. rac Seexeba umaRles agen
tebs, aq gansxvaveba izrdeba, aviRoT magaliTad me 14-xarisxi, gzebis
ufros azerbaijanSi aqvs 3240 man. aq aris ganzraxuli 2790 man. am
rigad zemoxsenebul principze aris aSenebuli es momateba jamagire
bisa. rogorc mogexsenebaT, kategoriis gareSe myofi mosamsaxureebi
mxolod exla nawildebian kategoriebaT da momateba amdens eZlevaT
imave principiT, rogorc kategoriaSi myof mosamsaxureebs, ZiriTadi
jamagiri iseve, rogorc iyo SemoRebuli kategoriaSi myof mosamsax
ureebisTvis. kanonSi aris aRebuli safuZvlad da amisgan droebiTi
momateba warmosdgeba rogorc procenti. pirvel kategoriisTvis mo
mateba aris 14 procenti, me-14-te kategoriisTvis 55 proc., xolo Zir
iTadi jamagiri me-14-te kategoriisTvis aris 1800 man., pirvelisTvis
ki _ 550 maneTi.
rodesac es kanon-proeqti muSavdeboda gzaTa uwyebaSi Sromis
saministrosTan erTad, upirveles yovlisa, rasakvirvelia, gavCer
diT im sakiTxze, rom es kategoriebaT dayofva ar aris iseTi, ro
goric unda iyos, radganac erT da imave kategoriaSi imyofebian iseTi
momuSaveni, romelTa Sedareba muSaobis mxriv yovlad SeuZlebelia.
magram, am sakiTxis gadawyveta exla, rodesac siZviris gamo marTlac
Zviri Seiqna cxovreba, da arsebul jamagirebis moumateblad datove
ba am gadawyvetamdi yovlad SeuZlebelia. amisTvis saWiro aris didi
muSaoba, romelic exla swarmoebs da saWiro aris, rom es sakiTxi ganx
iluli iqnes, rogorc administraciisagan, agreTve awon-dawonili
iqnes imaTganac, romelTac exeboda aseTi kategoriebaT dayofva. exla
arsebuli dayofva moxda amisTana TanamSromlobiT, uamisod Znelia
cxovrebaSi gatareba da did ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevs, radganac Cven
Tu daCqarebiT vimuSaveT, ver SevZlebT mis asrulebas jerovanad. ro
gorc mogaxseneT, es muSaoba warmoebs exla.
rodesac Cven momatebis variantebs vaTvalierebdiT, Cven rasak
virvelia xelvmZRvanelobdiT garda im mosazrebaTa, romlebzedac
mogaxseneT, imiTac, SegviZlia Tu ara Cven momateba iseTi, rom rkinis
gza mTlianad ar daiRupos da momatebam ar gamoiwvios imdeni xar
jebi, romelTa dafarvis araviTari imedi gveqneba. rasakvirvelia,
amisaTvis aris advili zoma, es aris tarifis momateba, magram es unda
iyos ukiduresi zoma, rodesac yoveli sxva saSualeba _ zoma amowuru
li iqneba. Cven varCieT da amovirCieT is varianti momatebisa, romel
ic erT mxriv Seumsubuqebs siZvires cxovrebisas, magram, garda amisa,
SesaZlebelia, rom rogorme es xarjebi TviTon gaswios rkinis gzam da
ar gamoiwvios xelaxali beWdva fulisa. varianti, romelzedac Cven
gavCerdiT, iwvevs zedmet xarjs 43 1/2 milion maneTs damatebiTi imi
sa, rac aris. unda mogaxsenoT, rom mTeli xarjT-aRricxva saxazino
rkinis gzebisa, sanamdi 31 ianvris kanoniT gavadidebdiT jamagirebs,
Seicavda mTlianad 181 milion maneTs. amas unda daumatoT zogierTi
465
is xarjebi, romelic ar iyo Setanili aq, radganac apirebdnen zogi
erTi nawilis sxva saministroebisTvis gadacemas. es aris rkinis gzis
milicia, romlis xarjebs exlac istumrebs rkinis gza, samoswavlo
nawili da sxva, ese igi xarjebi, romelnic Seadgenen daaxlovebiT 3
milion maneTs. 31 ianvris kanonis ZaliT amas moemata 20 milioni mane
Ti. amis Semdeg, rodesac es kanoni iqneba miRebuli, da masSi Seswore
ba araferi iqneba, Cven gveqneba sul rkinis gzis gasavali 244 maneTi
daaxlovebiT. rodesac gasavalze vlaparakobT yovelTvis saWiroa
vicodeT is, rac Semogvaqvs da amas viTvaliswinebdiT Cven, rodesac
am variantze vCerdebodiT. Semosavali im cnobebiT, romelic winas
war Cven gvaqvs. me unda avxsna, ratom vxmarobT sityvas „winaswari“,
imitom, rom uwindeli wesiT am Semosavlis angariSi SeuZlebelia.
uwindel droSi xmarobdnen statistikas sami oTxi wlis ganmavloba
Si da amisda gvarad iangariSebdnen xolme Semosavals. exla ki iZu
lebuli varT, dRevandeli cxovrebiT vixelmZRvaneloT, radganac
mdgomareoba umjobesdeba da izrdeba Semosavali. Cven ar SegviZlian
vixelvmZRvaneloT SarSandeli statistikiT, Cven unda vixelvmZR
vaneloT imiT, rasac vxedavT dRes. is cifrebi, romelTac mogaxsenebT
arian damyarebuli im statistikur cnobebze, romelnic moxdenilia
am bolo TveebSi. Cven imedi gvaqvs Tu ar gaumjobesdeba uaresad saqme
ar iqneba da es cifrebi gamarTldebian. Semosavali mgzavrebisagan
miviReT 68.400.000 maneTi. bargisagan da did siCqaris saqonlisagan
9.600.000 man. saqonlis gadazidvaSi, iqve Sedis samxedro gadazidvac,
104.500.000 maneTi, damatebiTi Semosavali, sadguris gadasaxadebi
21.630.000 maneTi, sxva da sxva Semosavali 1.870.000 man. sul 206 milioni
maneTi aris. magram amis garda arsebobs droebiTi samxedro gadasaxa
di rkinis gzaze, romelic mgzavrebis gadazidvaSi iZleva 19.500.000
maneTs, da tvirTis gadazidvaSi 5.500.000 maneTs, amrigad mTeli Se
mosavali rkinis gzaze aris 231 mil. man. ese igi deficiti arsebul
pirobebSi, romelic gvaqvs exla aris 13 milioni maneTi. am deficitis
dafarvis Sesaxeb, rasakvirvelia, miRebuli gvaqvs zogierTi zomebi
da vimedovnebT, rom dafaruli iqneba es deficiti. rasakvirvelia
unda mivmarToT Statebis Semcirebas imitom, rom, TavisTavad cxadia,
rom 13.000 kaci mosamsaxure rkinis gzaze, romelic Seicavs 720 verss,
ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos normalur movlenaT. magram arc is SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, rom es Semokleba SeiZleba moxdes 2-3 dReSi. TandaTan muSao
bis gaumjobeseba mogvcems amas; sxva da sxva zomebis miReba, nayofi
erebasac aswevs da usaTuod muSebis ricxvi Semcirdeba. garda amisa
unda Seicvalos psixologia im rkinis gzisa, romelic gadavida saqa
rTvelos mTavrobis xelSi. psixologia es iyo saxazino rkinis gzis
psixologia, sadac yvelani iyvnen miCveulni, rom 20-Si miiReben jama
girs da arc umcrosi da arc umfrosi ar scdilobda, rom rkinis gza
yofiliyo Semosavliani. nametnavad imitom, rom mainc maSin iyo didi
Semosavali, vinaidan gadazidva iyo navTisa da Savi qvisa.
466
amrigad, SeiZleba Semcireba moxdes TandaTan. imedi gvaqvs, rom
bolos da bolos, rodesac am rkinis gzas CavayenebT normalur ka
lapotSi da es moxerxdeba Tu Cvengan damoukidebel pirobebma xeli
ar SegviSales, maSin 8.000 muSa-mosamsaxure unda iyos. nardad muSao
bis SemoRebis Sesaxeb me ar gavagrZeleb sityvas, mogaxsenebT mxolod,
rom es muSaoba swarmoebs zogierT dargSi. es ukve SemoRebulia da
ar iwvevs winaaRmdegobas, aramed TiTon es momuSaveni xedaven, rom es
saWiroa rkinis gzisTvis da es sistema gatarebuli iqneba cxovrebaSi.
yvelaze ufro did nayofs miviRebT Cven saTbob masalis nakleb xarjis
agan. unda mogaxsenoT, rom amaze ixarjeba wliurad daaxlovebiT 70
mil. maneTi. es fuli midis umTavresad azerbaijanSi, radganac iqidan
mogvdis Cven navTi, es aris pirdapir savaldebulo gadasaxadi Cveni
respublikisa azerbaijanisadmi. rac ufro SevamcirebT am xarjvas,
amiT mivaxwevT ara marto ekonomias rkinis gzaze, aramed, sazogadod,
finansiuris mxrivac amas eqneba didi mniSvneloba. da unda aRvniSnoT,
rom am navTis xarjva orTqlmavlebze xdeba metad uwesod. orTqlma
valis brigadebi ar arian dainteresebulni qonebrivad imaSi, rom es
navTi naklebad xarjon. da SeuZlebelia, rom ekonomia davamyaroT mx
olod imaze, rom kaci grZnobs me var respublikis moqalaqe da amitom
naklebi unda vxarjovo. Tu ar miveciT raime impulsi yovlad Seu
Zlebelia, rom es saqme mowesrigdes. uwindel dros did xarjisTvis
jarima edeboda mosamsaxureebs, Cven am zomas ver mivmarTavT, radgan
araviTar nayofs ar miviRebT. Cven vaZlevT im minimums jamagirisas,
romelic unda yvelas da am minimumis Semcireba yovlad SeuZlebelia,
_ amas verc movaxerxebT. mosamsaxure, administratiul wesiT unda
iyos an dasjili, an gandevnili samsaxuridan imitom, rom ar varga
samsaxurisTvis, Tu normis asrulebas ver SesZlebs. erTad-erTi zoma,
romelic ekonomias moaxdens, aris am ekonomiis nawilis mosamsaxure
saTvis jildoT micema. Tu 10%-iT Semoklda xarjva navTisa, 600.000
maneTi iqneba ekonomia TveSi. amrigad amas unda mieqces yuradReba.
unda aRvniSnoT, sanam Cven varT damoukidebeli aderbaijanTan,
sanam Cven mogvaqvs iqidan navTi da Sinauri wyaroebi ara gvaqvs, Segvi
Zlian mxolod rogorme SevamokloT es deficiti. magram Semosavlia
noba Cven rkinis gzaze damyarebulia imaze, rom jer erTi, gadidebu
li iqnes gadazidva, magaliTad, Tu gveqna saSualeba, rom gavitanoT
Savi qva, romelic ukanasknelad 1913 wels iyo gatanili 60 mil. fuTi,
exla ki Cven gavitaneT jer-jerobiT 100,000 fuTi. garda amisa, unda
gavxsnaT saSualeba gasanaT navTis gadaqaCvisa, es mogvitans did Semo
savals, 25 milioni fuTi iyo weliwadSi. magram arc es gvaZlevs did
Semosavals Tu Sinauri wyaroebi saTbobi masalisa ar gveqneba. Znelia
dRes eleqtrofikaciaze laparaki, magram Cven amisTvis momzadebu
li unda viyveT, CvenSi gzaTa uwyebam unda miiRos yovelgvari zomebi
da pirvel dResve, rogorc ki SesaZlebeli iqneba es moxerxdes, Cven
damzadebulni unda SevxvdeT eleqtrofikaciis SemoRebas rkinis
467
gzaze, radganac uamisod Cveni rkinis gzis damoukidebeli cxovreba
Zalian Zneli iqneba, yovelTvis upiratesoba eqneba aderbaijanis rki
nis gzas, romelsac Tavis sakuTari wyaroebi aqvs. exla Znelia amaze
laparaki, radganac Cven ver movaxerxebT am eleqtrofikacias. magram
Cven SevimuSavebT am sakiTxs da pirvel dResve rogorc ki SesaZlebe
li iqneba, am sakiTxis arc ise Znelia ganxorcieleba, Cven amas Semo
viRebT aq da amiT SevamcirebT xarjs rkinis gzisas da marTlac Sevqm
niT rkinis gzisagan Semosavlis wyaros Cveni respublikisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva aravis surs.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? mux
lobrivi ganxilva iqneba Semdeg sxdomaze.
gTxovT moisminoT Semdeg sxdomis dRiuri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 55 wuTze.
468
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meCvidmete sxdoma
469
dRiuri wesrigi:
470
Semdegi sakiTxi _ ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis, _ katego
riis gareSe myof agentebis jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, krebis wevrs WavWaniZes.
471
ganxilva dekretis proeqtisa saqarT. parlamentis
1919 w. ianvris 31 kanonis gangrZobis Sesaxeb.
472
xSirad ara aqvT saSualeba mosul saqonlisTvis bina iSovos; es gare
moeba iwvevs imas, rom xSirad mTeli kviraobiT da TveobiTac saqone
li gadmoutvirTveli rCeba vagonebidan, rac dauSobelia vagonebis
simciris gamo. udidesi vada iseT saqonlisTvis, romelic fuWdeba da
romlis Senaxva didi xnobiT ar SeiZleba, 15 dRea; saministros wina
dadebiT Senaxvis vadebi unda Semokldes. rkinis gzis wesdebis me-84
muxlSi aRniSnuli saqonlis Senaxva unda Semcirdes 5 dRemde. imave
wesdebis me-90 muxlSi aRniSnuli vada 15 dRemde da imave wesdebis 90
muxliT dawesebuli oTxi Tvis magivrad dawesebuli iqnas erTi Tve.
dRemde arsebul did vadas mniSvneloba qonda maSin, rodesac did, vr
cel ruseTs uerTdeboda Cveni rkinis gza. xSirad rodesac saqoneli
unda Camosuliyo an cimbiridan, an Soreul CrdiloeTidan, maSin meti
dro unda hqonodaT saqonlis mimReblebs, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi
rkinis gzis sabuTi mosvlodaT. exla ki Cveni rkinis gza patara ter
itoriiT ganisazRvreba da cnobis miReba, an sabuTis miReba, rom
saqoneli gamogzavnili aris, nakleb dros moiTxovs. saWiro ar aris
iseTi didi vada davtovoT rogorc aris magaliTad oTxi Tve. es xe
lsayrelia mxolod spekuliantebisTvis. isini imaze ki ar fiqroben,
rom Tavis sawyobebi qondeT, aramed ucdian saqonelze fasebis awevas,
rom saqoneli Zvirad gayidon jer kidev maSin, rodesac saqoneli rk.
gzis sawyobSi awyvia, amiT isini SegnebulaT Tavidan icileben saqon
lis sadguridan waRebis xarjebs. es wesi ki rkinis gzas did zarals
aZlevs da igi aucileblad unda Seicvalos saministros mier warmod
genil wesiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT. ara
vin. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel, meore mesame muxls).
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris)
Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva (pirveli) kanon-proeqtisa saukeTeso
saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebisaTvis premiebis misacemaT 100.000 man.
gadadebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia imnaiSvili.
473
gamocxadebamdec farTo muSaoba iyo, magram am did muSaobas win ga
daeRoba bevrnairi dabrkoleba da isini dRemdisac daZleuli araa.
exla rodesac Cven sakuTar saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas veweviT,
rodesac TviT saxelmwifo patronobs skolas, imedia rom skolebis
gaerovnebis saqme ufro mkvidr safuZvelze dadgeba da yvela dab
rkolebebi gadalaxuli iqneba. am mxriv, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRe
bas ipyrobs Cveni skolebisTvis Sesaferi saxelmZRvaneloebis uqon
loba. marTalia, revoliuciis Semdeg, am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri
saxelmZRvanelo daiwera qarTul enaze da gamoica. magram umravleso
ba, maTgani naklebi Rirsebisaa da am mxriT sruliad miuRebeli ari
an Cvens skolebSi saxmareblad. arc enis, arc Sinaarsis da masalebis
mxriv bevri maTgani damakmayofilebeli ar aris. Cven ar mogvepoveba
arc kargi naTargmni saxelmZRvaneloebi, vinaidan am mxriv ar yofila
TiTqmis muSaoba. ufro originalur Sromebis Sedgenis saWiroebas
sTvlidnen. magram saubedurod am SromebSi es originalobac ar iyo
daculi, vinaidan umravlesi maTgani ufro rusulidanaa gadmoRe
buli. amisTvis jer kidev erovnul sabWos dros ganaTlebis uwyebas
evaleboda, rom saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenis da gamocemis saqmisT
vis Sesaferi yuradReba mieqcia, magram, samwuxarod dRemde am mxriv
araferi ar gakeTebula. dRes ki ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsdeba
erTgvari samecniero komiteti, romelsac daevaleba ganxilva ukve
gamosul, an jer kidev ar gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloebis da gan
sja: _ dasaSvebi iqnebian isini Cven skolebSi saxmareblad Tu ara. Cven
vfiqrobT am komitetis muSaoba ufro Seexeba jer ar gamoqveynebul
Sromebs. komitets miendoba agreTve ganxilva da dafaseba im sapremio
saxelmZRvaneloebisa, romelsac gulisxmobs es dekreti. Cvenis az
riT, dajildoeba Rirseul saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisa aucileb
lad erTnair waxalisebas gamoiwvevs specialistebSi da aRuZravs maT
survils ufro energiul da seriozul muSaobisas. Cveni azriT, da
jildoeba awevs amasTanave avtoritets da Rirsebas TviT saxelmZR
vaneloebisas mowafeTa TvalSi.
ase da amnairad am dekretiT premiebis daweseba xels Seuwyobs am
saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenis saqmes. am dekretis ZaliT es
100.000 man. unda gadaidos rogorc originalur ise naTargmn Txzu
lebebis avtorebisTvis premiis misacemad. Tavis Tavad cxadia, pirvel
rigSi iqneba originaluri saxelmZRvaneloebi, magram aqve nagulisx
mevia, rom premia miecema naTargmn saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvisac. aris
mTeli rigi cnobil da gamoCenil saxelmZRvaneloebisa, dawerili
ucxo enebze, romelTa magivroba jer-jerobiT arc erT originalur
Txzulebas ar SeeZleba gaswios. ai amitom, vinaidan am Txzulebebis
Targmna did siZneles warmoadgens, miT umetes, rom SemuSavebuli
samecniero terminologia ara gvaqvs da aseTi gadaTargmna xel-axal
Sedgenas udris, komisiis azriT premia unda mieces aseT karg Targm
nisTvisac. Tavis Tavad cxadia, premia miecema mTargmnels. TviTon
474
wesi, Tu rogor miecema es premia avtorebs originalur da naTargmn
Txzulebebisas, SemuSavdeba saministroSi da ganxilva Rirsebisa ama
Tu im Sromisa daevaleba im samecniero komitets, romelic sdgeba,
rogorc mogaxseneT, ganaTlebis uwyebasTan.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame es gaxlavT dekreti, Tanaxmad am gancxa
debisa. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? aravis. vin aris
winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 1, 2 da 3 muxls).
dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi: me-2 (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-
proeqtisa ojaxuri mdgomareobiT jarSi gawvevisagan ganTavisu
flebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia krebis wevri zaqaria guruli. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom am muxlSi Sesworebis Seta
na surT.
pirveli gaxlavT winadadeba erovnul-demokratebisa, xels awers
batoni surgulaZe. muxli pirveli unda daiweros amnairad. (kiTxu
lobs) „ojaxur mdgomareobis gamo samxedro begris moxdaSi wesdeba
yovelwliuri SeRavaTi: gazafxulze sami Tve _ aprili, maisi da Ti
baTve, Semodgomaze 2 Tve: enkenisTve da mwifobisTve“.
imave muxlSi social-demokratiul fraqcias surs Seitanos aseTi
Sesworeba: 1) amoiRos pirvel muxlidan: „martoxela mama mcirewlo
vanis Svilisa“ da 2) sruliad amoiSalos SeniSvna muxlisa).
Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gerasime maxaraZes.
gerasime maxaraZe. (s.-d.) social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs
aseTi Sesworeba, rom amoiSalos is alagi, sadac naTqvamia: „martoxe
la mama mcire wlovan Svilisa“.
Cvenis azriT SeuZlebeli aris, rom marto xeli mama mcirewlovan
Svilisa ganTavisuflebuli iyos samxedro begarisagan da ai ra mosaz
rebiT: sazogadoT, rodesac aseTi lgota iyo samxedro begarisagan
ganTavisuflebisa, bevr gaugebrobas da borotmoqmedebas hqonda adg
ili rodesac swydeboda ama Tu im lgotis micema romelime pirisTvis.
magram Cemis azriT, yovelnairi zoma unda iyos miRebuli, rom
lgota iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, romelSiac es gamowveuli aris
marTla saWiroebiT.
is azri, rom martoxela mama mcirewlovan Svilisa gaTavisufle
buli iyos, _ SeuZlebelia miviRoT, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios bevri
gaugebroba.
SeiZleba, rom mcire wlovani Svili martoxela mamisa iyos uzrun
velyofili materialurad.
agreTve SeiZleba borotmoqmedeba am niadagze, radgan ase bevrs
SeuZlian Tavi gainTavisuflos da am nairad saxelmwifos ar misces
475
is kategoria samxedro mosamsaxureebisa, romelic saWiro aris, am
gvarad, mravali mosazreba Cveni is aris, rom yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu
ki raime gamosavali aqvs ojaxs, Tu ki mas SeuZlia misces saxelmwifos
Tavisi wevri _ aseTi ojaxi ar unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli.
agreTve Cveni winadadeba aris, rom amoiSalos SeniSvna am muxli
sa: „im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ojaxi sakmaod uzrunvelyofili aris,
_ vaJi samsaxuridan ar unda ganTavisufldes“. es muxli, es SeniSv
na agreTve bevr gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs, maSin, rodesac kiTxva iqne
ba dayenebuli, Tu vin aris uzrunvelyofili da vin ara. Tumca isea
gadawyvetili kiTxva, rom adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobidan iqneba
mowmoba micemuli, magram Cven kargad viciT, rom isini, romelnic
marTla uzrunvelyofilni arian, xSirad pouloben saSualebas imo
qmedon ise, rom gainTavisuflon Tavi, swored imitom, rom isini ma
terialurad Zalian uzrunvelyofili arian. am kiTxvis gadawyveta,
_ vin materialurad uzrunvelyofilia da vin ar aris, rodesac ar
aris erTi namdvili kriteriumi moyvanili, bevr gaugebrobas gamoi
wvevs da rom es Tavidan aviciloT, Cven vfiqrobT, rom es SeniSvna
zedmeti aris kanonSi da amitom winadadebas viZleviT es SeniSvna am
oiSalos kanonidan.
Tavmjdomare. sityva aravis surs? momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. pirveli nawilis Sesaxeb, e. i. proeq
tidan „martoxela mama mcirewlovan Svilisa“ amoSlis Sesaxeb sam
xedro komisiaSic iyo laparaki. iyvnen iqac momxreni, rom es nawili
ar Setaniliyo, magram iyvnen imis momxrenic, rom Setanili yofili
yo aramc Tu sityvebi „mama mcirewlovan Svilisa“, aramed „qmari
colisa“ maSin, rodesac sul ara hyavs Svili. pirveli nawili ar
gavida, magram is nawili, romelic Setanili aris, gavida. umTavresi
sabuTi imisa, Tu risTvis ar unda iyos, arc is, romelic ar iyo Se
tanili kanon-proeqtSi, da arc is nawili, romelic Setanili iyo,
_ umTavresi sabuTi is aris, rom Tu es miviReT, maSin oblebi, rom
lebsac araferi yavsT TavisTavis meti, gareSe naTesavebis, Soreul
naTesavebis rCeviT _ nametnavad adre daqorwindebian, rom eyoloT
Svilebi da amiT gadarCnen saldaTobas da es sistema ki migviyvans
iqamdis, amboben momxreni am nawilis Seutanlobisa, rom Zalian
bavSvebs davaqorwinebT da SemdegSi, roca gaizrdebian SeiZleba
TviTonve gaxdnen umadurni am kanonisa, vinaidan SeiZleba bavSvo
bis dros daqorwineba maT Semdeg daurCeT sananeblad. ai umTavre
si sabuTi da umTavresi mizani es iyo mowinaaRmdegeebisa da ramde
nadac maxsovs, me mgoni fraqciebmac es aRniSnes. magram miuxedavad
amisa samxedro komisiis umravlesobam mainc daadgina, rom es pir
veli nawili, rogorc mogaxseneT, meuRlis gamo ganTavisuflebuli
ar iyos, magram es nawili dastoves, radganac komisia fiqrobs, rom
SesaZlebelia moxdes faqti, rom bavSvi darCes da yovlad SeuZle
belia, rom bavSvi davtovoT upatronod da jarSi waviyvanoT mama.
476
rac Seexeba meore nawilis SeniSvnis amoRebas am kanon-proeqtidan,
komisiam (saministros proeqtSi, romelic am saministrom warmoad
gina, ar iyo es SeniSvna) Seitana es SeniSvna imitom, rom TviTon es
muxli aris agebuli im safuZvelze, rom jarSi gawvevisgan Tavisu
fldebodes imitom ki ara, rom dedis erTaa, an sxva ram aseTi, aramed
imitom, rom is marCeneli aris ojaxisa da es SeniSvna mxolod xazs
usvams imas, rac gatarebuli aris am mcnebaSi, sityva “marCeneli“.
da marTla, Tu Cven jarSi ar waviyvaneT, gavanTavisufleT mdidris
Svilic, ese igi iseTi mamis Svili, romlis arc mama Sromobs, arc Svi
li, maT aqvT qoneba, Semosavali da am SemosavliT scxovroben, Tu
amasac ar waviyvanT, gavanTavisuflebT, maSin sityvas „mrCenels“,
„erTaderT mrCenels“ ekargeba mniSvneloba. rom es ar iyos, SegveZ
lo dagvewera, rom dedis-erTas ar waviyvanT, magram kanon-proeqts
miznaT ar aqvs dedis-erTas ganTavisufleba. dedis-erTa iqneba Tu
ara, Tu mama jer moxucebuli ar aris, gansazRvrul wels ar gadas
cilebia, Sromis unari aqvs, is jarSi midis, ar Tavisufldeba. Tavi
sufldeba is, Tu marCeneli aris ojaxisa.
ai es aris safuZveli, ZiriTadi safuZveli da am SeniSvniT mxolod
xazi gasmulia.
komisia icavda am azrs da me piradad, gansakuTrebiT, moviTxov,
rom es SeniSvna darCes, vinaidan es aris xazis gasma mTel safuZvlisa,
razedac aris pirveli muxli aSenebuli da samarTalic moiTxovs amas,
_ mdidris Svili, Tu ki is ar muSaobs da marCeneli ar aris, risTvis
unda ganTavisufldes?
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, meore Sesworebis Sesaxeb ras brZanebT?
momxsenebeli. komisiis saxeliT vicav, rom es nawili darCes ise,
rogorc aris.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, aq gaxldaT Semotanili ori Seswore
ba social-demokratebisa da nacional-demokratebisa. pirveli Ses
worebis Sesaxeb me gavige.
rac Seexeba erovnul-demokratebis Sesworebas, Tqven mis Sesaxeb
ara giTqvamT ra.
gTxovT gamosTqvaT Tqveni azri erovnul-demokratebis Seswore
bis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebeli. me megona, rom am Sesworebas jer daicavdnen da
mere mogaxsenebdiT, magram radganac damcveli aravin aris, mogax
senebT Semdegs: es Sesworeba, maSasadame, moiTxovs erTad-erTi
marCenali gavanTavisuflod, magram mxolod alos dros, rodesac
muSaoba aris, danarCen dros jarSi unda iyos, magram es ar iqne
ba faqtiurad daxmareba. ras niSnavs ganTavisufleba erTi TviT.
TiTqos erTi TviT ganisazRvrebodes misi muSaoba ojaxSi. Cven am
kanon-proeqtSi mxedvelobaSi gvqonda miRebuli erTi umTavre
si mizani, _ mxedvelobaSi gvqonda miRebuli soflis meurneoba,
rom soflis meurneoba ar ganadgurdes, rodesac erTi muSa aris,
477
am erTad-erTi muSis jarSi wayvaniT. tyuilad goniaT nacion
al-demokratebs, rom soflis meurneobis dasacavad SeiZleba er
Ti-ori TviT wavides saxlSi samuSaod, da danarCen dros ki moscil
des saxls. es ese ar aris. marTalia umTavresi muSaoba aris alos
dros, gazafxulze da Semodgomaze, magram soflis meurneobas unda
xelis Sewyoba savsebiT, zamTarSiac aris Taviseburi muSaoba da
amis gareT meurneoba zafxulSiac ver SesZlebs muSaobas. muSa xeli
zamTarSiac aris saWiro. aviRoT Tunda pirutyvebi, zamTarSi Tu
ar iqneba movlili, zafxulSi samuSao iaraRi ar eqneba. amis garda
SeiZleba is meurneobiT ver irCendes Tavs, bevri aris iseTi, rom
jer saxlSi muSaobs da mere midis zamTarSi qalaqSi, qiraze, rom
iqidan miumatos da ojaxi arCinos zedmeti qiriT. Tu safuZvlad mi
viRebT, _ „erT-erTi marCeneli“ unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli, zed
metia laparaki imaze, rom is ganTavisufldes erTi-ori TviT da ara
metiT. amitom me vicav ise, rogorc aris am SeniSvnis amouReblad.
am mosazrebebiT me winaaRmdegi var im Sesworebisa, romelic Semoi
tanes erovnul-demokratebma.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. kenWs vuyri. vin aris
winaaRmdegi im Sesworebis, romelic Semotanilia erovnul-demokra
tiul fraqciis saxeliT? petre surgulaZis mier Semotanili Ses
woreba uaryofili gaxlavT.
kenWs vuyri meore Sesworebas, Semotanils social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebuli gax
lavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-2 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxls krebis wevris surgulaZis azriT,
unda daematos Semdegi (kiTxulobs) „mowmobaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos
dawvrilebiT SeRavaTis maZiebel piris ojaxis nivTieri mdgomareoba
da agreTve, aris Tu ara es piri ojaxis im wevris namdvili marCenali,
romlis gamo mas SeRavaTi unda mieniWos“.
erTad erTi Sesworeba, romelic gaxlavT Semotanili, es gaxlavT.
sityva ekuTvnis grigol giorgaZes.
g. giorgaZe. am Sesworebas erTgvari instruqciuli xasiaTi aqvs,
magram yovelive gaugebrobis Tavidan asacdenad, Tu rogor unda iyos
Sinaarsi mowmobisa, romelic unda warmoadginos im pirma, romelic
SeRavaTs Txoulobs, Cven araviTari sawinaaRmdego ara gvaqvs, rom es
Sesworeba iyos miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebeli.
guruli. es Sesworeba zedmetad mimaCnia, imitom rom upirve
les yovlisa mowmobaSi unda iyos aRniSnuli qonebrivi mdgomareo
ba ojaxisa. Cven pirvel muxlidan amoviReT SeniSvna, romelic Seexe
boda ojaxis uzrunvelyofas. raki es SeniSvna amoviReT, exla mizani
ekargeba mowmobaSi ojaxur mdgomareobis aRniSvnas. rac Seexeba, rom
CamoTvlili iyos bevri ram, es zogierTi qvemod aris. erTgvari in
478
struqciis nairi muxlebi aqvs am kanon-proeqts, romelic albaT wa
kiTxuli gaqvT yvelas.
amitom am muxlSi aRniSvna amisa zedmetia. es qveiT aris da es ak
mayofilebs am Sesworebis mizans.
Tavmjdomare. gaaTaveT? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom miRebul iqnas,
is Sesworeba, romelic Semotanila erovnul demokratiul fraqciis
saxeliT? Sesworeba miRebulia. Semdegi. momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 3,
4-5 da 6 mux.) kreba kenWis yriT ucvlelad iRebs 3-6 muxls.
guruli. (kiTxulobs me-7 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb Semotanili aris Sesworeba. Ses
worebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis giorgaZes:
grigol giorgaZe: (s.-d.) soc.-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT me
Sesworeba Semomaqvs, rom SevaTanxmod erTmaneTSi es muxli da SeniSv
na. ise rom me-7 muxli miviRoT aseT SesworebiT: (kiTxulobs) is pirni,
romelTac ojaxuri mdgomareoba samxedro begaris moxdaSi SeRava
Tis uflebas aniWebs, hkargaven am uflebas Tu adgilobriv TviTmarT
velobis daskvniT isini ar arian ojaxis namdvili marCenelni. Cvenis
azriT, saWiroa, rom mSoblebis gancxadebas adasturebdes adgilo
brivi TviTmmarTveloba, es imitom, rom mSoblebma raime kapriziT
ar ganacxadon, rom es Cveni Svili ar gvacxovrebso. ase rom Cveni Ses
woreba iqneba saredaqcio xasiaTis Sesworeba, magram...
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, batono oratori, neba miboZeT. mxolod
am Sesworebaze iyo laparaki da ara redaqciaze; redaqcia rogori
iqneba amaze gveqneba laparaki maSin, rodesac es komisias gadaecema
da iqidan Semova. maSasadame Tqven, Tu me gavige, Sesworebas iziarebT.
vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. wina oratoris Sesworeba mainc arafers ar dauS
lis. magram am mxriv miReba, rogorc is aris Semotanili, rom es
sruliad amovSaloT, sxva redaqcia miviRoT, sxvas mivandoT, imis gan
sazRvra _ aris marCeneli Tu ara, _ yovlad SeuZlebelia. magram aq
miRebuli aris mxolod is SemTxveva, rodesac samxedro samsaxurSi
gasawvevis ojaxs, meti marCeneli ar hyavs ojaxs. magram namdvilad ki
ar arCens. aris aseTi SemTxvevebi sofelSi, SeiZleba qalaqaTac iyos,
rom ojaxis wevrebi gaWirvebaSi arian, samadloT arian, maTxovro
ben, Svili glaxa gamouvidaT, dadis da eSmakobs sadRac da ar arCens
ded-mamas. aseT Svils kanonma ar unda mianiWos Tavisufleba, TiTqos
is marCeneli iyos, da namdvilad ki aravis ar arCens. Tu ki ded-mama ar
ganacxadebs _ is ar unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli.
aq ixmares sityva, rom SeiZleba vinmem jiutobiT, kapriziT ga
nacxados, rom Svili ar marCenso. yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom Svil
ze ded-mamam ganacxadon ar gvarCenso. yovlad SeuZlebelia aseT
kaprizis SiSi. Tu ki marTla arCens _ SiSi yovlad SeuZlebelia. maSa
sadame am mxriv iqneba piriqiT, SesaZlebelia meore movlena, SeiZleba
Svili ar arCendes, magram ar ganacxadon, rom maT Svili ar arCenT. ai
479
es movlena ki iqneba. imis SiSiT, rom marCenel Svilze dedam an mamam
sTqvas, rom ar marCenso, _ yovlad SeuZlebelia, es moulodneli aris,
ar moxdeba. amitom am Sesworebis miReba zedmeti aris.
rac Seexeba imas, rom TviTmmarTvelobas miendos mowmoba qonebis
mxriv, _ aq aris miRebuli sxva muxlebi, mxolod aq aris, rom es Svi
li asrulebs Tu ara Svilis movaleobas da ded-mamaze ukeT es aravin
icis.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe
bulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 8 da 9 muxls) muxlebi kenWis yriT miRe
bulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-10 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi Sesworeba aris Semotanili petre sur
gulaZis mier.
p. surgulaZe. me-10 muxlSi es Sesworeba loRikuri Sesworeba
aris, amas dacva ar unda. am muxlSi sweria: „erT, an ori wlis vadiT“.
aq pirdapir ucodinaroba aris enisa, anda loRikuri Secdoma. unda
iyos erTi wlidan or wlamde. ese igi iqneba 1 weliwadi, 1 1/2, 9 Tve.
ise, rom am Sesworebas dacva ar unda.
mxolod me mindoda Tqveni yuradReba mimeqcia, rom Semdegi
damateba aris.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, mxolod me-10 muxlze ilaparakeT.
p. surgulaZe. Zalian kargi.
Tavmjdomare. batono momxsenebelo, Tqveni daskvna.
momxsenebeli. amas me mgonia gaasworebs saredaqcio komisia. amis
garda saWiroa sxva gramatikuli Sesworebac da amas saredaqcio
komisia gaasworebs.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlis SesworebiT? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-11 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs surgulaZes.
petre surgulaZe (er.-dem.), me-11 muxlSi unda iyos aRniSnuli is
sasjeli, romelic moelis cru mowmobis mimcem pirs. ai Cemi winadade
ba es aris.
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven aq winadadebas iZleviT me-11
muxls daematos? rogor gavigoT? es muxli Seicvalos ise, rogorc
Tqven gaqvT warmodgenili, Tu am muxls daemateba?
p. surgulaZe. ara, me-10 muxli sjis im pirT, romelTac surT gan
Tavisufldnen samxedro samsaxuridan, da me-11 muxli unda sjides im
pirT, romelnic anTavisufleben ukanonod samxedro begrisagan sxva
da sxva pirT. ai, batonebo me-10 muxlSi aRniSnuli aris is sasjeli,
romelic moelis cru mowmobis warmomdgen pirT, im pirT, romlebsac
surT samxedro begaras gaeqcnen. magram Cemis azriT is dainterese
buli piri, romelsac surs raime movaleobas daemalos, misTvis mZime
480
movaleobas, _ SesaZlebelia is dasjili ar iyos ise, rogorc is piri,
romlis mowmobiT is dainteresebuli piri sargeblobs. amitom kanon
Si usaTuod unda iyos aRniSnuli sasjeli im Tanamdebobis pirisTvis,
romelic cru, yalb, mowmobas miscems ama Tu im pirT, romelnic samxe
dro begaras unda gaeqcnen. amitom Cveni winadadeba iyo amnairi, rom
me-11 muxlad am kanonSi Sevides Semdegi sityvebi: „samxedro begaraSi
SeRavaTis mopoebisaTvis cru mowmobis mimcemi Tanamdebobis piri is
jeba cixeSi dapatimrebiT eqvsi Tvidan or wlamde“.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, Tqven gnebavT, rom es darCes, _ Tu es me-
11 muxli Seicvalos?
p. surgulaZe. ara, me-11 muxlad unda darCes Cemi winadadeba. maSin
kanonis me-11 muxli iqneba me-12 muxlad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. upirveles yovlisa, sayveduri unda vsTqva samxe
dro komisiis im pirebis mimarT, romelnic xSirad krebebs ar eswrebi
an da aq axal-axali muxlebi SemoaqvT. (surgulaZe: me gaxldiT!)
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad b. momxsenebelo, ilaparakeT saganze da
nuravis sayvedurs nu ucxadebT, imitom, rom es Tqven kompetencias ar
Seadgens.
momxsenebeli. axali muxlis Setana ar vici ramdenad saWiroa. aq am
kanonis me-10 muxlSi aris sasjeli im pirTaTvis, romelnic jarSi ga
sawvevi arian da jarSi gawvevas Tavs arideben. maT, im moxeleebis gar
da, romlis Sesaxeb Semotanili aris axali muxli, SeiZleba daexmaron
bevri sxvebi, ara moxeleebi, SeiZleba ubralo moqalaqec iyos damx
mare, dausjelni arc isini darCebian. magram aq yvelas ver aRvniSnavT.
Cven gvaqvs saerTo kanonmdebloba, saerTo kanoni sasjelis Sesaxeb,
da Cemis azriT, isini daeqvemdebarebian im kanons. amitom, me mgonia,
zedmetia, rom SevitanoT kidev axali muxli.
Tavmjdomare. aris aseTi winadadeba, rom me-11 muxlad Semotani
li iyos Semdegi: (kiTxulobs surgulaZis winadadebas). vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? miRebulia. maSasadame me-11 muxli iqneba me-12-teT. vin
aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-13 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Tqven winaaRmdegi brZandebiT am muxlisa? (sur
gulaZe: diax!) mobrZandiT.
petre surgulaZe (e.-d.) am kanonis gavrceleba im jaris kacebze, am
dros, rodesac Cveni mdgomareoba metad rTuli da gamourkvevelia
_ saocar arev-darevas gamoiwvevs. CvenSi ukve arev-dareva daiwyo.
mTeli qveyana scdilobs, rom gainTavisuflos Tavi. rodesac 1-2 sof
lis mcxovreblebs gaanTavsufleben _ me-3-4 saRerReli aeSleba, masac
moundeba sofelSi gaqceva. me vfiqrob, rom vinaidan damfuZnebeli
kreba dainteresebulia, rogorc Cvens damoukideblobis dacvaSi, ise
Sinagan cxovrebis ganmtkicebaSi, _ yovel Rones unda iRebdes Cveni
jaris gasaZliereblad.
481
am mokle droSi, vidre Cveni politikuri mdgomareoba savsebiT
ar gamorkveula, Cemis winadadebiT, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi mainc, am
kanoniT ar unda isargeblon im pirT, romelnic exla jarSi arian.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. aq igive unda gavimevoro, rac vilapa
rake saerTo kanonis Sesaxeb, pirvel ganxilvis dros; es iseTi md
gomareoba aris, rodesac erTad erTi marCeneli, erTad erTi muSa
ojaxisa wayvanili aris jarSi, mis ganTavisuflebas scdilobs TiTon
sazogadoeba. amas usamarTlod sTvlis TiTon jari da es mdgomareo
ba imdenad mwvave iyo, rom yvela jaris nawilis ufrosebi da TiTon
jaris umaRlesi xelmZRvaneli samxedro ministri iZulebulni iyvnen
esargeblaT droebiT daTxovnis uflebiT da is jaris kacebi, Zalian
bevri maTgani daTxovnilni arian droebiT 1, 1 1/2 TviT mainc, rom
dauTesavad ar darCes yanebi. Cven rom exla es winadadeba miviRoT, ma
Sin isev vtovebT arev-darevas, am kiTxvas ise vtovebT ufrosebis gan
kargulebaSi. isini isev iZulebulni iqnebian, rom am Tavis uflebiT
isargeblon da daiTxovon xolme 2 kviriT _ 1 TviT jaris kacebi. faq
tiurad, mogaxsenebT da vimeoreb, is kanoni, romelic 1 wlis winaT
miiRo parlamentma da romelsac araviTari SeRavaTi ar eZleva ar ga
sula cxovrebaSi. SeRavaTi gaCda ai am saxiT, rom droebiT iTxovdnen
xolme ufrosebi. sxva gamosavali ver naxes. amitom winaaRmdegi var,
rom es mdgomareoba darCes da komisiis saxeliT winadadebas viZlevi,
rom kanoni dResve iyos miRebuli da ZalaSi Sevides.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. surgulaZis Sesworebas
kenWs ver uyri, radganac Sesworeba droze ar iyo Semotanili ise,
rogorc reglamenti amas moiTxovs, da reglaments me ver davarRvev.
kenWs vuyri me-13-e muxls. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mecamete muxli miRe
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi Tanaxmad kanon-proeqtisa?
kanon-proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi _ pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa miwebis mim
Reb komis. momuSaveT dRiur sargos gadidebis Sesaxeb.
Semdeg sakiTxis momxsenebelia krebis wevri anjafariZe.
482
baSi, rom komisiis wevrebs mudam uxdebaT mogzauroba Tavis samsax
uris aRsasruleblad, da amitom TiTqmis or ojaxaT cxovroben, Cven
davinaxavT, rom es jamagiri Zalian cota aris. adgilobriv agrarul
reformaTa gamtarebel ganyofilebas yovel dRe mosdis Suamdgom
loba, rom rogorme dRiuri sarCo mainc iqnes gadidebuli. agrarul
reformaTa ganyofilebam aRZra saTanado Suamdgomloba, magram cen
tralur saadgil-mamulo komisiam am sakiTxis gadawyveta daukavSi
ra saerTo Statebis gadidebas, da radganac es Statebi jer ar aris
Semotanili, amitom moxda erTgvari saqmis arev-dareva, radganac
saukeTeso muSakebi, vinaidan isini gacilebiT naklebs iReben vidre
sxva dawesebulebebSi, garbian saadgil-mamulo dawesebulebebidan
da mimRebel komisiebidan, da amiT, rasakvirvelia, saqme ferxdeba.
amitom miwad moqmedebis saministros Semoaqvs es kanon-proeqti da
iTxovs rom Tavmjdomares komisiisas, mis wevrebs da miwis mzomelebs
gaedidos dRiuri sarCo 15 dan 25-T maneTamde.
(anjafariZis moxsenebis dros Tavmjdomaris alags iWers simon
mdivani).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. maSasadame pirveli ganxil
va damTavrebuli aris. Semdegi kanon-proeqti. momxsenebelia imnaiS
vili.
483
kanon-proeqti samoqalaqo kanonTa kreb. me-10-e tom.
1-el nawil. me-9-e muxl. da sisxlis samarTlis sasj.
debul. me-1665 mux. gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
484
giorgi gvazava. me ar mindoda ametexa exla dava imitom, rom ker
Zo laparakidan vici, rom b. jafariZe gadayenebuli aris. maSasadame
mTavrobam icno, rom ukanono iyo zogierTi misi gankarguleba. amiT
SeiZleba Cveni fraqcia dakmayofildes mxolod maSin, roca mTavroba
amas ganacxadebs da daadasturebs. amitom ar mgonia, rom saWiro iyos
arsebiTad Seudge am sakiTxis moxsenebas da ganxilvas. Tu mainca da
mainc gnebavT, mokled mogaxsenebT raSia saqme (xma: ar gvinda!).
sam maiss palatis ufros Tavmjdomares Cabarda gankarguleba
iusticiis ministris amxanagisa, rom igi gadayenebulia da agreTve
misi kancelaria gauqmebuli. iusticiis ministris amxanagi asabuTeb
da Tavis gankargulebas imiT, rom 5 ivniss gamovida kanoni Statebis
Semcirebis Sesaxeb. Tu waikiTxavT am kanons, Tqven dainaxavT, rom es
kanoni araviTar uflebas ar aZlevda ministris amxanags gamoeca ase
Ti gankarguleba. gamodis ise, rom TiTqos 5 ivnisis kanoni asrulebu
li ar yofila. maSin iusticiis ministrad iyo mesxiSvili. Cven Segvi
Zlian miviRoT iseTi STabeWdileba, rom TiTqo mesxiSvils araferi
ar gaukeTebia, Tumca kanoni gamovida, magram yuradReba ar miuqcevia
da Sesaxeb Statebis Semcirebisa araferi ar mouxdenia, es ki ase ar
aris. Cven viciT, Tu ra mizani hqonda am kanons. es kanoni ganxorciele
buli da asrulebuli iyo ministris mier. kanoni, rogorc saTauri
dan sCans, Seexeba Statebis Semcirebas. maSin sasamarTlos palata iyo
palata mTel kavkasiisa, maSin es iyo didi uSvelebeli dawesebule
ba, romelic awesrigebda sasamarTlos saqmeebs am did teritoriaze.
roca saqarTvelo gamoiyo, gamoacxada Tavis damoukidebloba, misi
teritoria Semcirda, aseTi uSvelebeli palata saWiro aRar iyo.
ministrma moaxdina es Semcireba, romelzedac kanoni laparakobs. ma
Sin iyo 6 departamenti, 4 samoqalaqo, ori departamenti sisxlis sa
samarTlosi. maSindel ministrma Seamcira es ricxvi, darCa mxolod
ori departamenti: erTi samoqalaqo da meore sisxlis sasamarTlosi.
maSasadame Semcireba, is Semcireba, romelzedac laparakobs 5 ivni
sis kanoni, ukve momxdari faqti iyo. gadayenebuli iyo samsaxuridan
4 Tavmjdomare am departamentebidan, maTi mdivnebi da 20-25 wevri am
departamentebisa.
TiTon kanonSi aris naTqvami: „dauyoneblivi Semcireba.“ es sityva
„dauyoneblivi“ naxmari aris, maSasadame, am kanons hqonda droebiTi
xasiaTi, mizani am kanonisa winaswar gansazRvruli iyo da brZaneba
kanonisa Sesrulebuli iyo dauyovnebliv.
meore, rodesac gavida 7-6 Tve, ministris amxanagi sargeblobs
swored am kanoniT da ambobs, Statebi unda SevamciroTo. Tqven xedavT
aqedan, rom am gankargulebas araviTari loRikuri safuZveli ara
aqvs. iq laparakia Statebis Semcirebaze, aq ki gadayenebuli ufro
si Tavmjdomare palatisa. rom Tavmjdomare ramdenime pirisagan Ses
dgebodes, kidev SesaZlebeli iqneboda aseTi axsna. magram ufrosi
Tavmjdomare mxolod erTia da misi Semcireba yovlad SeuZlebelia,
485
agreTve misi kancelariis, Statis Semcireba sxvaa da kancelariis
gauqmeba sul sxvaa.
bolos da bolos gamodis, rom es gankarguleba kanonieri ki ar
aris, kanons ki ar emyareba, aramed es gaxlavT magaliTi namdvil TviT
nebobisa. aq mxolod TviTneboba aris ministris amxanagisa, mas undoda
gadayeneba ufrosi Tavmjdomarisa da gadaayena kidec. TiTon minis
tris amxanagi ambobs, rom ufrosi Tavmjdomaris movaleobas vandob
ama da am pirso. maSasadame, es Tanamdeboba ki ar yofila gauqmebuli,
es aris formaluri mxare sakiTxisa.
me moveli axsnas ministrisa da maSin ufro dawvrilebiT mogiy
vanT faqtebs, Tu ram miiyvana b. ministris amxanagi am zomamde, am kan
onis darRvevamde.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis ministrs b. gegeWkors.
iusticiis ministri evgeni gegeWkori. moqalaqeno, me mgonia,
rom yovelive SekiTxva unda iyos aSenebuli raime faqtze. SekiTxvis
avtors, rasakvirvelia unda hqondes gaTvaliswinebuli, rom moxda
romelime aqti, romlis Sinaarsi, an formaluri mxare mas miaCnia mi
uReblad, da ai swored am niadagze Sendeba SekiTxva.
me unda ganvacxado Tqven winaSe, rom is faqti, romelzedac iyo
aSenebuli es SekiTxva, is gankarguleba, romelic moaxdina iustici
is ministris yofilma amxanagma, sergo jafariZem, es gankarguleba
me ukve gavauqme, ise rom aRdgenili aris status quo. am SemTxvevaSi me
mgonia, rom yovelnairi niadagi im laparaks, romelic Tqven aq mois
mineT, espoba, da me swored vfiqrobdi, rom es SekiTxva ukanve iqnebo
da waRebuli.
ar davmalav Tqvens winaSe, rom me winaswar SekiTxvis avtori ga
vafrTxile. man Zalian kargaT icis, rom es gankarguleba ukve ar ar
sebobs. maSasadame Tfilisis palatis ufrosi b. mRvdliSvili Tavis
adgilzea, da me vfiqrob exla laparaki am SekiTxvaze da am SekiTxvis
irgvliv yovlad uniadagoa da mxolod dros waarTmevs damfuZnebel
krebas.
ai aseTi aris saqmis mdgomareoba. meti ganmarteba me zedmetad mi
maCnia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis sergi jafariZes.
sergi jafariZe. (s. d.) Tumca aseTi mimarTuleba miiRo sakiTxma,
magram me mainc unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi. (gvazava: aki mogaxseneT, rom
movxsni. Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, gTxovT dabrZandeT). kanonSi naTq
vamia pirdapir ese (kiTxulobs). an, meore muxli (kiTxulobs).
es kanoni ukve gamoqveynda da iusticiis ministrma mesxiSvilma is
argebla imiT da Seamcira Statebi, rogorc amaze mogaxsenaT SekiTx
vis avtorma. maSasadame, erTi sakiTxi iyo gadasaWreli. am kanonis
gamoyenebas daekarga Zala Tu ara? 22 weliwadi iurisprudenciasTan
maqvs saqme, kanonis ganmartebas vaxden da Cems winaSe aseTi pasuxi
daisva: is kanoni, romelSiac ar aris aRniSnuli vada imis moqmedebi
486
sa, an romelSiac ar aris gansazRvruli, rom am kanoniT sargebloba
SeiZleba mxolod erTxel, erT aqtis moxdeniT, es kanoni, Cemis azriT,
yovelTvis ZalaSi rCeba.
am Cemma ganmartebam, rogorc me Cemi rwmeniT mesmis, gamoiwvia
dava da am davis niadagze me gadavdeqi, radganac iusticiis ministri,
rogorc Semdeg gamoirkva amaSi ar dameTanxma. amitom me gadavdeqi da
is darCa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. im gancxadebiT, romelic gaakeTa iusticiis min
istrma da misma yofilma amxanagma, Cveni fraqcia dakmayofilebuli
aris.
Cven vxedavT, maSasadame, rom mTavroba iziarebs Cven azrs, rom
ukanonoba da usamarTloba moxda, da imeds gamovsTqvamT, rom amisTa
na moqmedebas, rasakvirvelia, adgili aRar eqneba.
am mosazrebiT Cven dakmayofilebulni varT da vxsniT Cven SekiTxvas.
Tavmjdomare. me Zalian bodiSs vixdi, magram im gancxadebis Sem
deg, romelic avtorma Semoitana, me erTad erT SesaZleblad mimaCnia
davsva sakiTxi amis Sesaxeb. unda mogaxsenoT, rom raki moxsnili aris
SekiTxva, (marTla giTxraT, reglamentSi araviTari saxelmZRvane
lo ar gvaqvs) piradad ese mimaCnia: _ aSkaraa, unda gadavideT Semdeg
sakiTxze. sxvanairi gamosavali ar aris.
neba miboZeT sakiTxi amowurulad CavTvalo. avtorma es sakiTxi
amowurulad CaTvala da ama Tu im sabuTiT, ama Tu im mosazrebiT xsnis
SekiTxvas.
neba miboZeT gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze, Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT
487
SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa
mTavrobisadmi Zegvis xidis amfeTq. da sxvaTa
sasjelis sruliad ganTavisuflebis gamo.
488
aris gadmoTargmnili, im ukanasknel magaliTebisagan, romlebsac Cven
vxedavT safrangeTSi da sxva ganaTlebul saxelmwifoebSi. maSasadame,
Cveni sasamarTlo marTlac ise maRla sdgas, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia
am sasamarTlos angariSi ar gauwion, da Cven ise mogvepyron, rogorc
epyrobian kafrebs an zulusebs.
ai amitom me viTxov ganmartebas imisa, Tu rogor moxda es da ra
Zalam aiZula Cveni mTavroba, rom iman daarRvia kanoni? aq iseTi dar
Rvevaa kanonisa, rom sxvagan TviTon mTavrobas gadaayeneben xolme, da
pasuxis gebaSi aZleven.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis ministrs.
iusticiis ministri evgeni gegeWkori. es sakiTxi, rom, ai swored
ise iyo dayenebuli, rogorc aq krebis wevri gvazava ganmartebas
iZleoda, Tavis Tavad cxadia, yovelive is mosazrebani, romelic man
moiyvana angariS gasawevi aris.
piradad me sruliad ar minda Tqven winaSe davmalo, rom sazoga
dod Smagailovis danaSauloba da mTeli es istoria Tavidanve ara
normalur pirobebSi iyo gaxveuli. yvela Tqvengans kargad moexsen
eba, rom am sakiTxisadmi metad mwvave da didi interesi gamoiCina in
glisis sardlobam, isic mogexsenebaT Tqven, Tu raze iyo agebuli es
interesi. inglisis sardlobam Tavidanve ganacxada, rom Smagailovi
_ es misi agenti aris da is rac man moimoqmeda, es iyo mimarTuli ara
saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdeg, aramed misi mtris, germaniis
da germaniis koaliciis winaaRmdeg.
me ar Seudgebi sruliad imis ganmartebas Tu ramdenad dasabuTebu
li iyo is motivebi, mxolod aRvniSnav Tqvens winaSe im faqts, romel
ic yvela Tqvengans kargad moexseneba.
arc es minda me uarvyo, rom marTlac, rogorc sakiTxi sasamarT
losi, misi prestiJis dacvisa, es sakiTxi, Tavis Tavad cxadia, ar iyo
Catarebuli ise, rogorc amas saqme moiTxovda, magram aseTi msjelo
ba iqneba msjeloba ganyenebuli, realur pirobebs acdenili da ai
swored am realur pirobebis angariSis ar gaweva.
me unda aRvniSno, rom es sakiTxi bolos da bolos gaxda saerTaSo
riso sakiTxad. rodesac saqarTvelos mTavroba darwmunda amaSi da
miiRo imis dasamtkicebeli sabuTebi, rom marTla Smagailovi ingli
sis agentia, rom is Tavis moqmedebaSi xelmZRvanelobda im motivebiT,
romelzedac Tavidanve migviTiTa Cven inglisis sardlobam, Cvenc ar
SegveZlo amisTvis angariSi ar gagvewia da swored maSin, rodesac es
gaxda saerTaSoriso sakiTxad, _ Cven, mTavrobam, davinaxeT saWirod
gadagvedga is nabiji, romelic gadavdgiT.
SesaZlebeli aris, rom damfuZnebelma krebam gaiziaros is, rac
aq brZana b. gvazavam, rom Cven winaswar am SemTxvevaSi unda es sakiTxi
gagvexada sagnad Tqveni msjelobisa da gadawyvetisa. me ar vici,
formaluri sabuTi aq ar iyo, piriqiT is dadgenileba, romelic dam
fuZnebelma krebam gamoitana, Cven gvaZlevda uflebas gvefiqrna, rom
489
patiebis ufleba es aris ufleba mTavrobisa, da ramdenadac maxsovs, wi
naaRmdeg azrs swored b. gvazava icavda. is da misi partia, am SemTxveva
Si, gancalkevebuli darCa. (xmauroba) Tu ar vscdebi social-revoli
ucionerebic. (xmauroba. xma: parlaments ekuTvnis es ufleba!).
yovel SemTxvevaSi, umravlesoba arc arsebiTad, arc formalu
rad aseT azrs ar iziarebda. maSasadame, konstituciis darRvevas aq,
rasakvirvelia, adgili ara aqvs, radganac Cven gadavdgiT nabiji, ro
melic sruliad eTanxmeboda Cvens gadawyvetilebas.
meore sakiTxi swored amasTan aris dakavSirebuli. es is, rom iyo
Tu ara Cveni suverenobisTvis, Cven saxelmwifos da damfuZnebeli kre
bis prestiJis dasacavad saWiro, Cven mier am sakiTxis aq Tqvens wi
naSe dasma. me vfiqrob, vinc am sakiTxs Rrmad Caswvdeba da yovelnair
pirobebs angariSs gauwevs, me danamdvilebiT SemiZlian vsTqva, rom
Tu es nabiji, CvenTvis kidev saTuoT aris, Tu es nabiji marTlac vis
mes prestiJs amcirebs, _ Cven ar gvqonda am SemTxvevaSi ufleba, rom es
sakiTxi gagvexada Tqveni msjelobis, gadawyvetilebis da moqmedebis
sagnad. raTa da rogor? amaze zedmetia laparaki. Tqven advilad mix
vdebiT da gaigebT.
ai Cveni ganmarteba. aq dava imazea, rom sasamarTlos Rirseba
Cven ver davicaviT da Cven ver SevasruleT is, rac saWiro iyo, Cve
nis azriT, aq zedmetia. albad amaze kidev ufro magari, ufro la
mazi sityvebi iTqmoda. am sakiTxSi albad, Cvenc ar CamovrCebodiT b.
gvazavas. Cven SeiZleba ufro farTodac dagvesva es sakiTxi, mxolod
me unda aRvniSno, rom mas Semdeg, rac es sakiTxi gaxda saerTaSori
so sakiTxad, mas Semdeg, rac Cven davrwmundiT, rom Smagailovi iyo
marTladac agenti inglisisa, mas Semdeg, rac Cven movismineT, rom in
gliss ar ZaluZs moiTminos, radganac xedavs, rom misi agenti ar xe
lmZRvanelobda im viwro mosazrebiT, romelzedac iyo gamotanili
ganaCeni saqarTvelos sasamarTlosi, aramed mas hqonda ufro farTo
motivebi da farTo gegma, da ingliss ar ZaluZs, rom man ar daicvas
Tavisi Rirseba da is mosTxovs saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas,
rom man gaanTavisuflos misi agenti, _ Cven marTladac gauwieT an
gariSi da Smagailovi sruliad gavanTavisufleT. me vaRiareb Tqvens
winaSe, rom Cven Cveni uflebiT, patiebis uflebiT visargebleT da
Smagailovi aramc Tu saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan, aramed amier-kavka
siis sazRvrebidan gavaZeveT.
aseTia, batonebo, saqmis mdgomareoba. me vfiqrob, rom am SemTx
vevaSi Cven ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT sxva da sxva mosazrebebiT, unda
davrCeT realur niadagze.
ai amiT xelmZRvanelobda mTavroba Tavis moqmedebaSi, da me mgo
nia, rom mTavrobis aseT moqmedebaSi iseT did danaSauls, rogorc
fiqrobs da eZiebs b. gvazava, miudgomlad veravin ver naxavs.
mTavroba acxadebs, rom swored Cveni saxelmwifos interesebi
moiTxovda, rom Cven es nabiji gadagvedga, da gadavdgiT kidec.
490
exla, rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebelma krebam unda sTqvas Tavisi
sityva, da marTlac, Tu damfuZnebeli kreba dainaxavs, rom aq mTav
robam, an misma erTma wevrma, iusticiis ministrma, es danaSauloba
Caidina, maSin, rasakvirvelia, iusticiis ministri Sesafer daskvnas
gamoitans.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gr. giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, dayenebul SekiTxvaSi da im
ganmartebaSi, romelic Cven movismineT am SekiTxvis avtorisgan,
sakiTxebi erTi meoreSi aris areuli.
aq laparakobdnen, rom sasamarTlos dadgenileba gauqmebulia,
rom raRac Zala Caeria sasamarTlos saqmeebSi da amiT sasamarTlos
uflebebi Sekvecilia, Seryvnilia sasamarTlo. me mgonia, es ese ar
aris. sasamarTloSi jer gamoZieba iyo am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, sasamarT
lom es saqme gaarCia, Tavisi ganaCeni gamoitana. aq araviTari gareSe
Zala, araviTari gavlena sasamarTloze ar yofila, _ maSin es ganaCen
ma dagvanaxva Cven, rodesac es saqme irCeoda da Cvenma sasamarTlom
daamtkica, rom is aris sruliad damoukidebeli. amiT gaTavda sa
samarTlos funqciebi.
mere iwyoba meore mxare, mxare praqtikuli da politikuri, da
rogorc aq iyo aRniSnuli _ saerTaSorisoc. amis Semdeg mTavrobis
winaSe daisva es sakiTxi, da mTavrobam miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi yvela
pirobebi, rogorc saerTaSoriso ise adgilobrivi da sxva pirobebi,
man gamoitana erTgvari dadgenileba da esa Tu is pirovneba man Sei
wyala, an da ama Tu im pirovnebas sasjeli Seucvala. es dadgenileba
mTavrobisa iyo mizan Sewonili, ese iyo dakavSirebuli sxva da sxva
pirobebTan, romelnic Cven garSemo arseboben.
ai exla ismis sakiTxi _ aseT pirobebSi, rodesac mTavroba awar
moebs erTgvar politikas, gamoaqvs esa Tu is dadgenileba ama Tu im
sakiTxis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi Cveni suvereniteti ilaxeba Tu ara, ro
melime dadgenilebis gamotaniT? suverenoba, batonebo, maSin Seilaxe
ba, rodesac romelime sxva Zala TviTon gaauqmebs sasamarTlos dadge
nilebas, an vinmes cixidan gamouSvebs, magram rodesac mTavroba TviT
xedavs, rom pirobebis mixedviT, romelic arsebobs, misTvis aucilebe
li aris esa Tu is nabiji gadasdgas, imitom, rom daicvas Cveni damou
kidebloba da suveneroba, is am SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad moqmedobs, _
amaSi araviTari darRveva suverenitetisa ar aris. winaaRmdeg SemTx
vevaSi Tqven SegiZliaT nabiji mTavrobisa, yovelive misi dadgenile
baSi, romelic gamomdinareobs ama Tu im praqtikul mosazrebidan, ama
Tu im ZalTa ganwyobilebidan, dainaxoT suverenobis Selaxva. ai ami
tom, sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi xeluxlebeli aris. mTavrobam gadas
dga es nabiji, gadaswyvita es sakiTxi, rogorc amas moiTxovs Seqmnili
pirobebi, da am SemTxvevaSi Cveni suverenoba xeluxlebeli aris.
im pirobebSi da praqtikaSi, romelic dRes arsebobs, mTavrobas
hqonda ufleba, rogorc ganaCenis Secvlis, ise visime Sewyalebis.
491
maSasadame, man ganaxorciela Tavisi ufleba, romelic hqonda, sanam
damfuZnebeli kreba sxvas, sxva dadgenilebas ar gamoitans am konsti
tucionur sakiTxis Sesaxeb. mTavroba ganacxadebs Tavis uflebas ise,
rogorc amas moiTxovs adgilobrivad Seqmnili pirobebi, da misgan
gadadgmuli nabiji, Cvenis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi, aris rogorc kanon
ieri, ise mizanSewonili.
sp. kedia. batonebo, Smagailovis sakiTxi erTob seriozuli sa
kiTxia, mas aqvs didi principialuri saxelmwifoebrivi xasiaTi. igi
samarTlianad aRelvebs sazogadoebriv sindiss. me ver warmovidgen,
rom Cvens mTavrobas Tavis Tavad, Tavis iniciativiT da gareSe Zalis
Caurevlad saxelmwifo damnaSave Smagailovi cixidan gamoeSva. Tqven
kargad mogexsenebaT, Tu ra pirobebSi gairCia Smagailovis saqme. mo
gexsenebaT, Tu ra garemoebebi iyo, rodesac saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
somxebi galaSqrebas apirobdnen.
amas winad miuZRoda agreTve oktombris Sua ricxvebSi somexTa
jaris saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg aqtiuri moqmedeba; Tqven isic kargad
iciT, rom somxebi maSin sxvebsac ukavSirdeboden Cvens winaaRmdeg,
rom CrdiloeTidan somxeTis dasaxmareblad rusis Zalebic modioda.
am dros saWiro iyo Sig saqarTveloSi Sinaur ajanyebisa da amboxebis
mowyoba. saqarTvelom es rom igrZno, fexze dadga da ZalTa mobili
zacias Seudga. swored am dros b. Smagailovi afeTqebs Zegvis xids,
rom amiT SeuZlebeli gamxdariyo saqarTvelos yvela nawilebidan meo
mar ZalTa Semokreba. gasagebia is Rrma aRSfoTeba, romelsac iwvevs
es garemoeba mTels saqarTveloSi; da ai am xalxis saqme, Smagailovisa
da kompaniisa, gaarCia kidec sasamarTlom, romelmac maT sikvdiliT
dasja gadauwyvita. mTeli qarTveli xalxi moeloda am kanonier sas
jelis aRsrulebaSi moyvanas. aseTi iyo is sulieri ganwyobileba da
fsixologiuri atomosfera, romelSiac imyofeboda mTeli saqarTve
lo. xalxi moeloda rom saqarTvelos sityva da ganaCeni pativis ce
maSi darCeboda, aseT damnaSaveT Rirseuli sasjeli gardaxdebodaT.
magram viciT, rom Smagailovi dRes Tavisufalia da arxeinad das
eirnobs. irkveva, rom mTavroba Tvis nebis patroni ar iyo am saqmeSi,
b. ministrma Tvis sityvaSi, kidevac aRniSna, aq saerTaSoriso xasiaTis
politikuri momentia Careuli. me mgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSiac mTav
robas didi danaSauli Caudenia, radgan man aSkarad SebRala saqarT
velos saxeli da prestiJi, da Cveni marTlmsajuloba; da es moxda ise,
rom damfuZnebel krebas amis Sesaxeb araferi moxsenebia. Tqma imisa aq,
TiTqos mTavrobas hqonda amis ufleba da rom aq araviTari presti
Ji ar aris Selaxuli, safuZvels moklebulia. rodesac gareSe Zala
modis ieriSiT Cvens sasamarTlos Rirsebis winaaRmdeg da mis dadge
nilebas abaTilebs, rodesac gareSe Zala saqmeSi ereva da saxelmwifo
damnaSavis ganTavisuflebas moiTxovs, mTavroba valdebuli iyo mTe
lis Tavis simtkiciT amarTuliyo Tavis sasamarTlos dasacavad, Tun
dac krizisi Seqmniliyo amis garSemo, imitom, rom es sakiTxi ZiriTadi
492
sakiTxia erovnul Rirsebisa, Tavmoyvareobisa, marTlmsajulobisa
da suvenerobisa. Cven mTavrobas es azrad ar mosvlia, da miisakuTra
ufleba es sakiTxi Tavis kabinetSi gadaeWra. aseTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi,
romlis garSemo mTeli eris guli da gonebaa mokrefili da romelic
mis ZiriTadi Rirsebis sakiTxs Seadgens, mTavrobis kabinetSi ver gad
awydeba. damfuZnebeli kreba am SemTxvevaSi mTavrobas mieSveleboda.
rodesac mTavroba xedavs, rom mas aiZuleben Tavis qveynis suveneroba
sakuTari xeliT Sealaxvion, man unda mouwodos qveyanas, yovel cocx
al Zalas, uwinares yovlisa parlaments. mTavrobis xelSi mZlavr
damxmared am SemTxvevaSi iyo damfuZnebeli kreba. mTavrobam es ver
gamoiyena, Tavisa da Tavis qveynis Rirsebis dasacavad. da ai sworeT es
aris samwuxaro movlena da amaSia misi danaSaulic. dRes tribunaze
es sakiTxi imitom gamovitaneT, rom Semdeg mainc iseTi sakiTxi, rome
lic exeba eris ZiriTad Rirsebas, marTlmsajulobas da suverenobas,
Sinaurulad ar gadaswydes xolme; mTavrobam unda gamoiyenos yvela
is Zala, romelic mis xelSi aris, da ara dasTmos-ra im sakiTxSi, rome
lic exeba Cven xalxis, Cven qveynis suverenobas. marTalia, is gancxade
ba, romelic Cven movismineT mTavrobisagan, Seicavs motivebs sinanu
lisas rom es ese moxda, magram es sakmarisi ar aris. Cven gamovsTqvamT
imeds, rom SemdegSi mainc aseTnairi sakiTxi ar gadawydeba mTavro
bis wreSi. Cven am sakiTxis garSemo ar gvindoda Segveqmna didi Sex
la Semoxla. magram rac iTqva, is unda Tqmuliyo, rom SemdegSi mainc
metis sifrTxiliT da mokrZalebiT moepyras saqarTvelos mTavroba
saqarTvelos Rirsebas.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs kidev sityva? msurveli aravin gaxlavT.
maSasadame kamaTi dasrulebulia.
me maqvs aq ori rezoliucia, erTi damfuZnebel krebis erovnul-
demokratiul fraqciisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
493
soc. dem. fraqciis formula.
494
viT, romelic Cven gvaqvs, fosta-telegrafis dabali mosamsaxureni
iReben dRes yvelgan 580 maneTs, am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT ki isini miiRe
ben 450 maneTs Tu isini msaxuroben sadme provinciaSi, mxolod tfilis
Si mosamsaxure miiRebs 600 maneTs. amnairad vinc tfilisSi msaxurobs
mas moemateba mxolod 20 maneTi, provinciaSi ki daakldeba, radganac
nacvlad 580 maneTisa, romelsac exla iRebs, miiRebs 450 maneTs.
ai, swored am mosazrebiT am kanon-proeqtidan komisiam gamohyo
fosta-telegrafis uwyebis mosamsaxureebi, amas daeTanxma uwyebis
warmomadgeneli, romelic sabiujeto komisiis sxdomas daeswro da
agreTve Sromis ministric. amnairad fosta-telegrafis uwyebebSi
mosamsaxureTaTvis Sedgenili iqna calke dekreti.
rogorc mogaxseneT, am gamoyofas miznad hqondaT dasaxuli, rom
fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis momatebam kuriozul
Sedegamdis ar migviyvanos da nacvlad momatebisa, dakleba ar gamov
ides. saerTod jamagirebis ganzraxuli mimateba iwvevs damatebiTi
xarjs, romelic uwyebaTa Soris ganawilebulia am dekretze darTul
nusxis mixedviT. nusxa Semdegia (kiTxulobs nusxas). es kanon-proeqti
aris warmodgenili dekretis saxiT.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisia winadadebas iZleva eg dekreti iqnes
miRebuli da Sevides ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? sityva
ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) me aviRe sityva mxolod imisTvis, rom aR
vniSno zogierTi uxerxuloba, romelsac qmnis kanon-proeqtis ga
mourkvevloba da Semdeg kidev misi gadamuSaveba komisiis mier.
erTgan da meoreganac adgili hqonia iseT defeqtebs, romlis ga
mosworeba, Cemis azriT, aucilebeli iqneba. roca uwyeba adgens pro
eqts jamagirebis momatebisas, man TiTon unda miiRos yovelive zoma,
rom amas marTla moqondes momateba jamagirebisa da ara dakleba, rom
momatebis saxiT ar gamovides dakleba jamagirebisa zogierT darge
bis mosamsaxureebisaTvis. me mgonia, rom es ar aris Zneli saminis
trosTvis, Tu is aiRebs Zvel Statebs da am Statebis mixedviT mouma
tebs jamagirebs. es Zalian martivi saqmea da amitom rasakvirvelia,
rom es proeqti aseT saxiT warmoadgines. magram aseTive saqme daemar
Ta sabiujeto komisiasac. mas auRia erTi dekreti da or dekretaT
gauyvia, xolo krediti ki erTi dautovebia. Cven gvaqvs amrigaT ori
dekreti jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb; erT dekretisTvis gvaqvs
kreditic, xolo meoresTvis ki ara, radganac krediti ar gauyviaT.
cxadia, roca gahyves dekreti, calke unda gamoeyoT is Tanxac, rome
lic gamoyofil dekretis asrulebas moundeba. axla ki moxda is, rom
krediti erT dekretisTvis gvaqvs da meoresTvis ara. me mgonia, rom
yvela amis gamo, Cven dagvWirdeba arsebiTad am or dekretis erTi
meoresTan SeerTeba da erT dekretaT miReba. es aucilebelia imisT
vis, rom ar gameordes is, rac ianvarSi daemarTa ganaTlebis saminis
495
tros. maSin Cven miviReT kanon-proeqti maswavleblebis jamagirebis
momatebis Sesaxeb, krediti ki gauxsneli darCa. ukanasknel dromde
kreditis gaxsna ver movaswariT da maswavleblebma ver miiRes droze
momateba jamagirebisa, ris gamo ukidures mdgomareobas ganicdian.
dRevandel SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia igive ganmeordes.
saerTod es dekreti unda miviRoT, magram Cemi aRniSnuli mxare
saWiroa komisiam da uwyebam mxedvelobaSi miiRon, rom Semdeg mainc
ar ganmeordes.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxsenebelis daskvna.
ivane WavWaniZe. me rogorc winad mogaxseneT, sabiujeto-safinan
so komisias erTad-erTi mizani hqonda, saxeldobr is, rom kuriozuli
mdgomareoba ar Seqmniliyo am kanon-proeqtis miRebiT, rom momatebis
magivrad dakleba ar gamosuliyo.
rac Seexeba imas, rom am dekretSi Setanili unda iqnas Sesaferi
si muxli, raTa daculi iqmnes fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis in
teresi, _ Cven, ra Tqma unda, am winadadebis winaaRmdeg ar viqnebiT.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame winadadeba aris, rom es ori dekreti,
erTi is, romelic momxsenebelisagan ukve moismineT, da meore, romel
sac me-13 adgili uWiravs, SeerTebuliyvnen. me werilobiTi winadade
ba ar maqvs, radganac ese gavige es winadadeba, ese vuyri kenWs. magram
Tu avtors ar unda, rom kenWi uyaro, kenWs ar uyri. vin aris winaaRm
degi, rom SeudgeT dekretis ganxilvas muxlobriv? gTxovT waikiTx
oT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls orive nawiliT).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. Cven gvinda, rom mesame muxlidan amoiSalos si
tyvebi: „da fosta-telegrafis dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureebze“. ase
rom es muxli mTlianad Seicvalos da gamovides axali redaqciiT.
„zemoaRniSnuli momateba ar vrceldeba respublikis rkinis gzisa da
damfuZnebeli krebis kancelariis mosamsaxureebze“.
am Cven SesworebasTan dakavSirebuli aris Semdegi Sesworeba,
romelic Cven gvinda SevitanoT, da exlave ganvacxadeb, rom azri am
Sesworebisa naTeli iyos damfuZnebeli krebisTvis. Cven gvinda, rom
fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureni agreTve am dekretSi iyvnen mox
senebulni, vinaidan krediti am dekretiT aris gaxsnili. amitom am
muxls unda daematos axali muxli, CaerTos axali Sinaarsi ai, aseTi
(kiTxulobs): „zemoaRniSnuli momateba ar vrceldeba agreTve fos
ta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebze, romelTaTvis unda dawesebul iqnes
Semdegi jamagirebi: a) yvela im mosamsaxureT, romelnic iReben Tviur
jamagirad ara umetes aTasi (1000) maneTisa, miematoT ormocda aTi
(50) procenti. b) yvela im mosamsaxureT, romelnic iReben Tviurad
aTas (1000) maneTze mets, miematoT oTxasi (400) man. TveSi.
Tu aseT momatebas miiRebT fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis
Sesaxeb da am mesame muxlis Semdeg kidev muxls, maSin es krediti, ro
496
melic gaexsneba Sinagan saqmeTa uwyebas, savsebiT dahfaravs am or
xarjs. sxva mosamsaxureebis da fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebs
savsebiT daakmayofilebs da aRarc dayofa dasWirdeba. amitom mesame
muxlSi aseTi Sesworeba unda SevitanoT da agreTve daumatoT meoTxe
muxli fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis jamagiris momatebis Sesa
xeb, romelic am procentiT gansazRvruli iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, Tqveni Sesworeba aseTia, magram aq gamo
dis punqti da ara muxli. (arseniZe adgilidan: ara, muxli!) maSasadame
es iqneba meore muxli da ara meoTxe. (arseniZe: meore iqneba, Tu meoTxe
oRond ki Caematos da!) vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? aravis.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me mgonia aq cota gaugebroba moxda. is Sesworeba,
romelic aq social-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT iqna Semotanili,
exeba mesame muxls, me ki jer meore muxlic ar wamikiTxavs. me wavikiTxe
mxolod pirveli muxli. pirveli muxli aris gayofili sam nawilad,
ase rom, jerjerobiT es Sesworeba naadrevia:
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT meore.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs meore muxls. muxli kenWis yriT miRebulia).
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq gaxlavT is Sesworeba Semotanili; romelzedac
mogaxsenaT krebis wevrma arseniZem. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. radganac muxlis Setana aq gaamartivebs sakiTxs da
saerTod is mizani, romelic finansiur komisias hqonda, savsebiT dac
uli iqneba, me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom es Sesworeba iqnes
Setanili.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom miRebul iqnas
muxli im SesworebiT, romelic warmoadgina soc. dem. fraqciam?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. aris winadadeba imave fraqciis,
rom meore muxls daematos Semdegi (kiTxulobs) vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia. Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs Semdeg 5-8 mux. muxlebi kenWis yriT
miRebulia) amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom dabal mosamsaxureebs, Tu
damateba pirvel aprilidan Seva ZalaSi, am momatebiT bevrs 300 mane
Ti arc ki moemata, miemataT 200 an naklebi. xolo ufro maRal mosam
saxureebs 300 maneTi darCebaT, am mxriv dasjili iqnebian mxolod dab
ali mosamsaxureni. da rom es ase ar moxdes, safinanso uwyeba Semodis
winadadebiT, rom es damateba Sevides ZalaSi pirvel maisidan da ara
pirvel aprilidan.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. nusxa brZaneT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs samoqalaqo uwyebebis saxelmwifo mo
samsaxureTa 1919 wlis maisis 1-dan yovel Tviur damatebiTi jama
girebiT dasakmayofileblad gadasadeb Tanxis nusxas).
nusxa da saerTo jami kenWis yriT miRebulia.
497
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi gaxlavT fosta-telegrafis dawesebulebis
mosamsaxureTa jamagirebis momatebis dekreti. sityva ekuTvnis momx
senebels.
iv. WavWiniZe. es dekreti Seexeba fosta-telegrafis dawesebule
bebSi mosamsaxure moxeleT.
dRes Tqven miiReT dekreti yvela moxeleTaTvis jamagirebis ga
didebis Sesaxeb. radgan am miRebul dekretSi Setanil iqmna soc.-
demokratiuli fraqciis Sesworeba, romelic savsebiT faravs dekrets
fosta-telegrafis moxeleTa jamagirebis gadidebas da akmayofilebs
maT moTxovnilebas, Cemis azriT eg dekreti moxsnili unda iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. ise rom Tqvenis azriT, es ukve Sevida dekretSi
(WavWaniZe: diax, Sevida!).
axla winadadeba gaxlavT, rom raki es dekreti zedmetia, amitom
uaryofili unda iyos. kenWs vuyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? winadade
ba miRebulia. es dekreti, rogorc dekreti, uaryofilia. Semdegi da
ukanaskneli gaxlavT (kiTxulobs)
498
magram imisTvis, rom es Senoba saTanadoT iyos mogvarebuli, saWiro
aris misi gadakeTeba, da es gadakeTeba jdeba daaxlovebiT 500000 man.
xarjT-aRricxva amisi Semotanilia, romelic, rasakvirvelia, zogadi
aris, magram unda viqonioT mxedvelobaSi, rom winaswar ar SeiZleba
gamoangariSeba yvela xarjebisa, radganac es xarjebi dRiTi dRe izr
deba, safasuri yvelaferze gadidebuli aris, gadidebuli aris masa
lis fasic, da amitom mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT, samuSao Sesrule
buli unda iyos sameurneo wesiT. Sesruleba muSaobisa davalebuli
aqvs Sromis saministros, da xelmZRvaneloba ki satexniko komisias,
romelic arsebobs Sromis saministrosTan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobisTvis? vin aris
winaaRmdegi gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT waikiTxoT es
dekreti. ukacravad, aq sweria dekreti da ara kanon-proeqti.
momxsenebeli. kanon-proeqti gaxlavT.
Tavmjdomare. es dekreti gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? winadadeba gax
lavT Semotanili, rom pirvel muxlSi sityvebi „Sromis saministros“,
Seicvalos sityviT „mTavrobas“. vis surs amis Sesaxeb sityva?
krebis wevri arseniZe.
r. arseniZe. (s.-d.) me mgonia, rom es krediti unda mieces mTavro
bas da ara Sromis saministros, vinaidan araviTar konstituciiT ar
SegviZlian warmovidginoT, rom saministroebis mosaTavsebel binis
Seqmna, gind aSeneba, iyos movaleoba Sromis saministrosi.
Sromis saministros movaleoba aris muSebis interesebis dacva,
Sromis interesebis dacva da ara sxva raime.
gakeTeba remontisa, marTalia, rogorc gavigeT moxsenebidan, mas
evaleba, magram amis davaleba SeiZleba romelime inJenerebisTvis,
moijaradreebisTvis an romelime departamentis ganyofilebisTvis,
romelsac Cven vavalebT Senobebis remontebs. Cven vaZlevT kredits
mTavrobas, vinaidan es aris Senoba mTavrobis dawesebulebebisTvis.
yvela saministroebi unda moTavsdnen am SenobaSi da ara kerZo ram
erTi dawesebuleba. amitom krediti unda mieces saerTod mTavrobas
da ara erT saministros.
mTavrobam unda gadasces es vinme moijaradres, gind romelime aR
masrulebel texnikur Zalas, romelsac miendoba es saqme. amitom Cveni
winadadeba aris _ sityvebi „Sromis saministros“ Seicvalos sityviT
„mTavroba“.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. komisias araferi ar aqvs am Sesworebis sawinaaR
mdego.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri am winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
Sesworeba miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
499
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. winadadeba
gaxlavT meore muxlidan amoiSalos sityva „naRdi“. Tu sityva aravis
surs, kenWs uyri Sesworebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebuli
gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad dekretisa? miRebuli gax
lavT da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
dRevandeli sxdoma gaTavebuli gaxlavT. exla mdivani mogaxsen
ebT momavali sxdomis dRiur wesrigs.
qr. SaraSiZis asuli (kiTxulobs Semdegi sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs wesrigis Sesaxeb sityva? vin aris winaaRm
degi dRiuri wesrigisa? wesrigi miRebuli gaxlavT. sxdoma dax
urulia.
Tavmjdomare sxdomas daxurulad acxadebs naSuadRevis 5 s. da 45 w.
500
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meTvramete sxdoma
501
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti _ dekretisa _ borCalo-
axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansaz
Rvris Sesaxeb.
gadaeces adgilobriv mmarTvelobisa da TviTmarTvelobis komisias.
dRiuri wesrigi:
502
anna soloRaSvilis asuli (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis
mier dekretSi Setanil cvlilebebs).
Tavmjdomare. me-2 muxlis Sesaxeb winadadeba gaxlavT Semotani
li, rom sityva „ixsneba“ Seicvalos sityviT „gaxsnilia“. Sesworebis
Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs g. faRavas.
g. faRava. aq sityva „ixsneba“ unda Seicvalos sityviT „gaxsnilia“,
vinaidan ufro garkveuli iqneba: „ixsneba“ Tu „gaxsnili“ aris. „ixsne
ba“ rom davtovoT ar aris garkveuli moxsnilia es kreditebi Tu gax
snilia. amitom unda Seicvalos sityva „ixsneba“ sityviT „gaxsnilia“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. sawinaaRmdego ara maqvs ra.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba
miRebulia.
503
g) me-4 muxlSi _ sityvebi „mamaTa sqesisa“ Seicvalos sityvebiT
„mamrobiTi sqesisa“.
d) me-5 mux. SeniSvnaSi bolo sityvebi „niSnavs an mazris an ubnis
eqimi“ unda iyos: „daniSnavs an mazris an ubnis eqimi“.
e) me-7 muxlSi _ sityva „begris“ Semdeg Caematos „moxdaSi“.
v) me-8 muxl. SeniSvnaSi _ sityva „namdvil samsaxuridan“ Semdeg
Caematos „marqafa laSqarSi“.
z) me-10 muxlSi _ sityvebi _ „danaSaulobis mixedviT“ gadatanili
iqnes win Semdeg sityvisa: „daisjeba“.
damfuZnebeli kreba adgens: damtkicebul iqnes saboloo teqsti
kanonisa, Tanaxmad aRniSnul Sesworebisa.
504
meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb.
505
Zleba Cven gviTxran, rom am wlidan daiwyo omi da maSasadame aq iyo
fronti da agreTve mravali dawesebuleba, romelTac pirdapiri kav
Siri hqondaT omTan. magram dRes es mosazreba usafuZlo iqneba imitom,
rom es fronti aRar aris, daiSala, agreTve moxda sruli likvidacia
im dawesebulebebisa, romelTac hqondaT kavSiri am omTan, ase rom,
arc erTi rusis jaris kaci am frontze aRar aris. es TariRi CvenTvis
aris ubralo anaqronizmi da amitom miuRebeli aris. meore mosazreba
aris ama Tu im administratiul erTeulze miwera. am pirobis miReba
SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vinme daamtkicebs, rom vinc ama
Tu im administratiul erTeulze miwerilni arian, gacilebiT ufro
dainteresebulni arian Cven respublikis ganmtkicebaSi, vidre isini,
vinc administratiul erTeulis gareSe darCnen. magram amas veravin
ver daamtkicebs. aq es muxli oraT hyofs saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs,
mkvidrni da ara mkvidrni, ese igi Cven da isini. CvenTvis es sruliad
miuRebelia. TiTon termini „administratiuli erTeuli“ gamourkvev
eli aris. rom es gamourkveveli aris amas TviT mTavrobam miaqcia yur
adReba da gaukeTa Tavisi ganmarteba. am ganmartebis ZaliT adminis
tratiul erTeulad iTvleba sxva da sxva wodeba, Tavad-aznaurebis
wodeba, glexTa, meSCanTa, veqilTa korporacia, ese igi, iseTi wodeba
ni, romelSiac Cawerilni unda iyvnen mxolod qarTvelebi. magaliTad,
Tavad-aznaurobis wodebaSi Sedian mxolod qarTveli Tavad-aznaure
bi, glex-kacebSi arian mxolod qarTveli glex-kacebi. rac Seexeba sxva
erebis demokratiul elementebs, isini ar iricxebian arc Tavad-az
naurebis wodebaSi, arc veqilTa korporaciaSi, arc glexTa. es aris
mimarTuli sxva erebis demokratiul elementebis winaaRmdeg. amitom,
Cvenis azriT, is miuRebelia. saerTod mTel kanon-proeqtis, rogorc
viciT en bloe momxre arian rogorc social-demokratebi, ise feder
alistebi, maT Soris aris sruli allianse-i, es savsebiT gasagebia. Cven
viciT, iyo dro, rodesac social-demokratebi cnobili iyvnen Tavisi
erovnuli niRilizmiT magram, Tan da Tan, maT gadalaxes rubikoni da
Cven viciT, rom maT aRiares ara marto erovnuli avtonomia, aramed
aRiares TviT damoukidebloba.
Tu ramdenad daSorda social-demokratia Tavis pirvel pozi
cias, es aSkarad sCans Semdeg faqtidan. Cven viciT, rom amier-kavka
siis glexTa yrilobaze b. noe Jordaniam waikiTxa vrceli moxseneba
erovnul sakiTxis Sesaxeb. b. Jordania Tavis moxsenebaSi ambobda,
rom erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmna da gaZRola burJuaziis saqme ari
so. aseT politikas dRes TviTon social-demokratia awarmoebs. ase
moxda udidesi metamorfoza, ese igi social-demokratia ganaciona
listda. amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom am kanons, ase TavgamodebiT icavs
social-demokratebis partia. is partia, romlis centraluri orga
no ramdenime xnis winaT, swerda: „somxis ltolvilebi dauyonebliv
gandevnil unda iqnen saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan, xolo is pirebi,
romlebic ar arian saq. moqalaqeni, gandevnil unda iyvnen Cveni sof
506
lebisa da qalaqebidan, gansakuTrebiT somxebi“.
Semdeg „saxalxo saqme“ ganagrZobs: „aucileblad unda gaiwmindos
Cveni qveyana Sxamian parazitebisagan. Cven unda moviciloT Tavidan
is tvirTi, romelic Cven gvawveba finansiuradac _ eseni arian somxis
ltolvilebi“. ai amas hqvia zoologiuri nacionalizmi. (xmauroba).
Tu gindaT, rom Cvenma kanonma Tavis mizans miaRwios, rom Seasrulos
Tavisi daniSnuleba, ese igi Cveni damoukideblobis ganmtkiceba, _
mTeli Cveni arsebiT unda SevebrZoloT am nacionalizms.
Tavmjdomare. social-revoliucionerebis fraqciis mier aris Se
motanili Sesworeba:
„I. sruliad amoiSalos kanon-proeqtis mTeli pirveli nawili
(muxlebi: 1, 2, 3, 4 da 5) da mis nacvlad Setanil iqnes Semdegi ori
muxli:
1) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis moqalaqeT CaiTvle
ba yoveli piri, romelic scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze am
kanonis gamoqveynebamde, Tu is sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kano
nis gamoqveynebisa ar ganacxadebs uars saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze.
2) pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxadeba waredgineba adgilo
briv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze
uaris mTqmelT aRniSnavs gansakuTrebul wignSi“.
II. garda amisa, kanon-proeqtis meore nawilis me-7 muxlis pirvel
SeniSvnidan amoiSalos sityvebi: „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxe
dro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“; agreTve
amoiSalos sruliad imave me-7 muxlis SeniSvna meore: „agreTve vadis
mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTvelos moqalaqeT yove
li ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli“.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe (s.-d.). batonebo, yvela naTqvamis, an dawerilis
sargebloba unda moxdes imgvarad, ra gvaradac is iyo naTqvami da ro
goradac amas ayenebs esa Tu is avtori. da rodesac romelime avtorma,
an noe Jordaniam aRniSna, ra mniSvneloba hqonda burJuazias saxel
mwifos SeqmnaSi da rogor miiltvoda is, es kidev imas sruliad ar
niSnavs, rom vinme dRes idges am niadagze, an dRevandel momentSi as
rulebdes istoriul movaleobas.
Cven vqmniT saxelmwifos: (xma: burJuaziuls!) da ai am TvalTaxed
visagan gamovdivarT. Tqven angrevT saxelmwifos da aqedan gamomdin
areobs Tqveni Sexeduleba (xma: demagogia!) me unda mogaxsenoT, rom
Tu demagogiaze ityviT, mTeli is sityva, romelic aq warmoiTqva,
namdvili demagogiaa. da rodesac Tqven ambobT, rom yvelas, miuxeda
vad raime obieqtiur niSnobliv Tvisebisa, mieces erTgvari ufleba
saxelmwifoSi, es ar aris saxelmwifos aSeneba. (xmauroba, zari Tav
mjdomarisa).
datas, romelic aq aris wamoyenebuli, didi istoriuli mniSvn
eloba hqonda. Tqven ganacxadeT, rom ar mogismeniaT b. sayvareliZis
507
meore sityva, Tu ras niSnavs es data, _ msoflio omis dawyeba, magram,
Tqven kargad iciT, rom es aris is istoriuli data, rodesac moxda
didi xalxTa gadajgufeba erT adgilidan meore adgilas yofil ruse
Tis saxelmwifoSi. es iyo is fronti, romelsac es s. r. eyrdnoboden,
da romlis meoxebiT yoyoCobden erT dros Cveni s. r. daba qalaqebSi,
sadac es fronti Tavmoyrili iyo. am gvarad, saxelmwifos Seqmna da
aSeneba yovlad SeuZlebelia. is, visac aqvs raime interesi saxelmwi
foSi, isini, vinc dainteresebulni arian mis aSenebaSi, warmatebaSi,
da SeqmnaSi, _ ai aseTi pirebi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebia. saqarTve
loSi da sxva adgilebSi mTel ruseTis teritoriisa iseTma pirebma
moiyares Tavi sruliad SemTxveviT, omis mizeziT, romlebsac aravi
Tari interesi ama Tu im teritoriasTan ara aqvT. magram isini, vinc
cxovroben ai am dromdis adgilobriv, isini vinc miweril iyvnen ama
Tu im teritoriis erTeulze, aSkaraa, maT hqondaT interesi, maT ain
teresebdaT adgilobrivi mdgomareoba da pirobebi, ainteresebdaT
adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebrivobis organizmis Seqmna. ai, aqedan ga
movdivarT Cven, da am debulebaze aris damyarebuli es muxli. Tqveni
winadadeba ki iseTia, rom sruliad amoiSalos es muxli da yvela visac
es ki surs, gaxdes saqarTvelos moqalaqeo. es xom namdvilad ar iqneba
arc Cveni demokratiis interesis dacva, da SeiZleba, arc im pirTa dac
va, visac Tqven aseT uflebas aniWebT. es iqneba erTgvari karis gaxsna
da sargebloba droebiT imiT, rac maTTvis dRevandel pirobebSi xel
sayrelia. Tqven nu daiviwyebT imas, rom moqalaqe saxelmwifom yvel
gan unda daicvas, saqarTvelos moqalaqe Tu sxva saxelmwifoSi midis,
_ iqac unda davicvaT es moqalaqe, misi interesebi. iq, ucxoeTSi unda
Seiqmnas mTeli organizacia, romelic maT, moqalaqeTa interesebs da
icavs. warmoidgineT iseTi mdgomareoba, rom auarebeli xalxi aris, am
auarebelma xalxma gamoacxada survili, e. i. ar Semoitana gancxadeba
Cveni moqalaqeobis winaaRmdeg, _ ar uaryo Tqveni winadadeba, rom me
ar msurs Tqveni moqalaqeobao. maSasadame, is saqarTvelos moqalaqeT
darCeba, da erTi an ori Tvis Semdeg es xalxi aqedan daiZra, wavida.
Cveni saxelmwifoc valdebulia maTi interesebi daicvas, rodesac
isini wavlen sxva saxelmwifoSi, ise rom am SemTxvevaSi, moqalaqeoba
ubralo sityva ki ar aris, es mdgomareoba bevr movaleobas akisrebs
saxelmwifos. amrigad, CvenTvis, Cveni demokratiisTvis, Cveni saxelm
wifoebriv wes-wyobilebisaTvis da im revoliuciis monapovarTa Ses
anarCuneblaT _ es xelsayreli ar aris. garda amisa, did movaleobas
akisrebs TviT saxelmwifos, _ rom is miiRoT, vinc survils ganacxa
debs is ki ara, vinc uars ar ityvis, _ yvela imas Tu warmoidgenT, maSin
namdvilaT mixvdebiT, namdvilaT aRiarebT imas, rom Cven am SemTxveva
Si demokratiul niadagze vdgevarT, demokratiul xazs vawarmoebT;
es erTi da meore, Tqveni Sexeduleba demokratiuli ki araa, namdvi
li anarqistulia. imitom Tqveni winadadeba uaryofili unda iyos da
pirveli muxli ucvlelad unda darCes.
508
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri gobeCia.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno! wina sxdomaze, rodesac moqa
laqeobis kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb saerTo msjeloba swarmoebda, Cven
ma fraqciam am kanon-proeqtSi zogierTi Sesworeba Seitana. me maSin
dawvrilebiT Sevexe kanon-proeqts da aRvniSne is garemoeba, rom am
ukanaknels didi progresi emCneva SedarebiT moqalaqeobis im kanon
Tan, romelic erovnul sabWos mier iyo miRebuli. magram kanon-pro
eqtis Rirsebis aRniSvnasTan erTad me Sevexe agreTve mis uaryofiT
mxareebsac, me vamtkicebdi da exlac vimeoreb, rom socialistur da
internacionaluri TvalsazrisiT yovlad miuRebelia mexuTe muxlis
arseboba kanon-proeqtSi im SinaarsiT, romliTac is aris warmodge
nili sakonstitucio komisiis mier. me moviTxovdi, rom damfuZnebel
krebas Tavis sakanonmdeblo moRvaweobaSi Tavidan aecdina iseTi ten
dencia, romelic mimarTulia mxolod erTi erovnebis privilegiuri
mdgomareobis Seqmnisaken. me es Cemi moTxovna maSin sakmaod davasabuTe
da ganmeoreba imis, rac yovel internacionalist-socialistisTvis
udao unda iyos, zedmetaT mimaCnia. me mesmis am sakiTxebSi feder
alistebis pozicia, romlebic saqarTveloSi mudam hqadagebdnen da
avrcelebdnen zoologiur nacionalizmis ideebs. CemTvis gaugebari
iyo mxolod social-demokratebis pozicia, romlebic dResac iCeme
ben internacionalistobas, magram mas Semdeg, rac me movismine miSa
arseniZis da sayvareliZis sityva, RrmaT davrwmundi imaSi, rom Cven
ma social-demokratiam daiviwya Tavisi socialisturi programa da
warsuli internacionalisturi moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi, savsebiT
dahkarga Tavisi socialisturi saxe da gadaiqca dakargul social
izmis partiaT. saubeduroT, kanon-proeqtis zogad ganxilvis dros,
reglamenti saSvalebas ar maZlevda pasuxi gameca im ori oratori
saTvis, romelTa gamolaSqreba Cems winaaRmdeg im saxiT, romliTac
es imaT ikadres, mxolod maT srul ususurobas amtkicebda. es or
atorebi iyven b.b. mesxiSvili da arseniZe. b-ni mesxiSvili dacinviT
me didi revoliucioners miwodebda da es man Tavis sityvaSi asjer
mainc gaimeora. es sityva _ „dido revoliucionero“ iyo erTad erTi
da masTan umTavresi argumenti, romelic man didi rixiT Cveni fraqci
is Sesworebis winaaRmdeg moiyvana. rac Seexeba danarCen mosazrebebs,
romlebic b. mesxiSvilma Cveni Sesworebis winaaRmdeg moiyvana, isi
ni sruliad uadgiloT iyo Tqmuli da ar gamomdinareobda im axs
na-ganmartebidan, romliTac me davasabuTe Cveni fraqciis mier Set
anili Sesworebebi moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtSi. marTalia, me didi
revoliucioneri ara var da amas arc vCemulob, magram b. mesxiSvils
Tavis Tavi didi revoliucioneraT moaqvs. mxolod amaze am tribuni
dan TviT b. mesxiSvilis mier yvirili zedmeti iyo. namdvili revoli
ucioners reklama ar sWirdeba, radganac namdvili revoliucioneris
saqmeebi TviT RaRadeben mis revoliucionerobaze. axla aviRoT da
gavSinjoT „WeSmarit revoliucioner“ mesxiSvilis sagmiro revoli
509
ucionuri saqmeebi. am ramodenime wlis wineT b. mesxiSvilma Tfili
sis qalaqis cenzian sabWoSi warmosTqva Tvisi „istoriuli“ sityva,
romelSic is gundruks ukmevda ruseTis reaqcionur mTavrobas da
qarTveli xalxis sisxliT da mkerdiT ruseTis biurokratias dacvas
aRuTqvamda. b-n mesxiSvilis azrebs savsebiT iziarebda misi partia,
romelic revoliuciis dawyebamde ramodenime Tvis wineT ruseTis
biurokratias gayinul gulis molbobas lamobda da gvirgvinosan
nikolozis suraTs Tavis socialistur gazeT „saxalxo furcel
Si“ aTavsebda. yvela amis Semdeg b. mesxiSvilis mier sxvis revoli
ucionerobaze xmamaRla laparaki, marTla rom sasaciloa.
b-nma mesxiSvilma ganacxada, rom me msurs Cemis proeqtiT mivsce mo
qalaqeobis ufleba yvela imaT, vinc dascems zurgSi laxvars revoli
ucias da demokratias, vinc uWers mxars revoliuciis da saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis mowinaaRmdegeebs, denikinelebs da spekuliantebs.
warmosTqva es saSineli sityvebi mesxiSvilma da gaaTava. saidan ga
moiyvana b-ma mesxiSvilma es daskvna alahma uwyis, magram, albaT, mas
sxvanairaT esmis loRikis kanonebi da amitom bevri ar moeTxoveba. da
es yvelaferi momawera me mxolod imitom, rom bolos pateTiuraT gae
Tavebia Tavisi sityva: „exla Tqven TiTon gansajeT, vin aris Cven orSi
revoliucioneri“-o. b-n mesxiSvils hgonia, rom revoliucionerobi
saTvis sakmarisia yoveli sityva, romelic mas pirs moadgeba. mesxiS
vils hgonia, rom yvela is, vinc mowerili iyo respublikis teritori
is romelsame administratiul erTeulze 1914 wlis ivnisis 19-amde,
usaTuod revoliuciis, demokratiis, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
momxrea da denikinis da spekuliantebis mteria. ara, b-no mesxiSvilo,
bevri imaTgani, vinc miwerilia respublikis romelsame administra
tiul erTeulze, kontr-revoliucioneric aris, denikinis momxrec
da masTan spekuliantic da, Tqveni loRikiT rom vimsjeloT, radga
nac Tqven kanon-proeqtis pirvel muxls ucvlelad iRebT, Tqven kon
tr-revoliucionerebis da spekuliantebis damcveli yofilxarT,
magram me, b-no mesxiSvilo, amas Tqven ar dagwamebT, mxolod momavli
saTvis erT rames mogTxovT: rodesac Cems winaaRmdeg raime braldebis
wamoyenebas moisurvebT, cotaTi mainc moifiqreT da ubralo loRi
kas mcireodeni angariSi gauwieT. b-n mesxiSvils arc Cemi iuristoba
moswons, radganac me ganmicxadebia, rom Zveli kanoni qveSevrdomo
bisa ar varga da es iqidanac sCans, rom warmodgenil kanon-proeqtis
bolo muxli Zvel kanons auqmebso. mesxiSvili ambobs: rodesac axal
kanons viRebT da amave sakiTxze Zveli kanonic arsebobs, yoveli axali
kanoni gaauqmebs Zvel kanons ara imitom, rom Zveli kanoni ar vargoda,
aramed imitom, rom gamocemulia amave sakiTxze axali kanoni. b-n mesx
iSvils unda scodnoda, rom moqalaqeobis Zveli kanonis uvargisoba
erTxmaT aRiara saqarTvelos parlamentis sakonstitucio komisi
am, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis damatebiTi kanon-proeqtis
ganmartebaSi sityva-sityviT Semdegs swerda: „saqarTvelos erovnul
510
sabWos 1918 w. 16 ivlisis kanonma saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa gareSe das
tova Cveni qveynis didZali mcxovrebni, rogorc qarTvelni, ise ucx
oelni, romelnic miwerilni ar arian arc erT administratiul er
Teulze da romelTa politikuri da samoqalaqo mdgomareoba dRemde
gamourkvevelia. aseTi autaneli mdgomareobis mosaspobaT saWiroa
damatebiTi kanoni da sxva“. ase rom marto me ar vyofilvar Zveli kan
onis „mSvenierebis“ uarmyofi, b-no mesxiSvilo. „Zveli kanoni mTli
anad moyvanilia axal kanonis pirvel muxlSio“, ganacxada mesxiSvilma
da amitom axalma kanonma Tavis Tavad unda gaauqmos Zveli kanonio.
saqmec imaSia, rom Zveli kanonis meoTxe muxlis ZaliT calke axali
moqalaqeobis kanoniT gansazRvruli unda yofiliyo mxolod piroba
ucxo saxelmwifos qveSevrdomis miRebisa saqarTvelos respublikis
moqalaqed da saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis dakargvisa, warmodgenili
kanon-proeqti-ki, winaaRmdeg Zveli kanonis meoTxe muxlisa, saqarTve
los moqalaqeebaT acxadebs sxva da sxva pirT, romlebic administra
tiul erTeulze sruliaT ar iyo miwerili, e. i. axali kanoni arRvevs
Zveli kanonis moTxovnilebas da miT ukanasknelis uvargisobasac aR
iarebs, rac gamosaxulia axali kanonis bolo muxlSi. b-ni mesxiSvili
mekiTxeboda, SesaZlebelia amisTana argumentacia iuristis miero?
naTqvamidan aSkaraa, rom aramc Tu SesaZlebelia, aramed aucilebe
lia, Tu iuristi mesxiSvili iuristiulaT iazrovnebs da moqalaqeo
bis Zvels da axal kanons kargaT Caukvirdeba.
meore oratorma b-n arseniZem Cem mier wamoyenebul debulebis wi
naaRmdeg ganacxada: „b. gobeCiam unda icodes, rom rodesac revoli
uciis saxels gamoitans am tribunaze, cotaodeni codnac unda ga
moiCinos revoliucionuri praqtikisao“. marTalia me ar momismenia
b-n arseniZis mier kembrijis da berlinis universitetebSi wakiTxuli
leqciebi sxva da sxva qveynis revoliuciebze da amitom, SesaZlebelia,
am tribunaze ver gamovdiode revoliucionuri praqtikis codnis
Sesaferisi „bagaJiT“, magram is leqcia, romelic man Cven erTi kviris
wineT am tribunidan wagvikiTxa internacionalis Sesaxeb, Cemis az
riT ver mowmobs pativcemul leqtoris codnis did bagaJze. arseniZem
gviTxra: „internacionalisagan mxolod erTi ram gagvigonia: erTi
eri _ erTi saxelmwifo“. arseniZis azriT, romelsac Turme social
isturi internacionalic iziarebs, klasTa brZola da muSaTa kla
sis interesebis dacva iseT saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba, sadac erTi eri
binadrobs da Turme Tu ise moewyo saxelmwifo, rom ukanaskneli erTi
eris farglebma STanTqa, maSin bolo moeReba sxva da sxva erTa Soris
SuRlsa da brZolas, e. i. am Cveni codvil dedamiwis zurgze damyarde
ba TiTqmis yoveli bedniereba. Cven rom vimsjeloT arseniZiseburad,
maSin saqarTvelodan unda ganvdevnoT yvela erTa Svilebi garda qa
rTveli erisa, radganac mxolod maSin iqneba Cveni demokratiuli re
spublika mowyobili Tanaxmad im internacionalis formulisa, rome
lic sadRac amoukiTxavs b-n arseniZes, magram wakiTxulis azri albad
511
ver gaugia. socialistur internacionalisagan yovel socialists
mxolod erTi ram gaugonia, b-no arseniZe: is rom yovel sxva da sxva
erebiT dasaxlebul saxelmwifoSi umravlesobis eris socialisteb
ma Tanabrad unda daicvan TavianT da ucxo erTa mSromelTa inter
esebi. b-ni arseniZe ki acxadebs: Tu erovnuli saxelmwifo daarsdeba,
rasakvirvelia, iq erTi eri iqneba gabatonebulio. saqarTveloSi qa
rTveli eris gabatoneba ise esmis b-n arseniZes, rogorc gabatoneba
qarTveli revoliucionerebis da qarTveli reaqcionerebisac, Torem
yovlad SeuZlebelia kanon-proeqtis mexuTe muxlis TavgamodebiT
dacvis Semdeg vinmem, rogorc amas sCadis arseniZe, ganacxados, rom
am kanoniT Cven vicavT muSaTa klass, demokratias da muSaTa klasis
mtrebs laxvarsa vscemTo. me mesmis, rodesac erTi eris gabatonebas
saxelmwifoSi mxars uWers burJuaziul partiis warmomadgeneli par
lamentSi. burJuazias amis dasabuTebac SeuZlia mecnierulad, radga
nac mis mier aRzrdili da mosyiduli mecnierebi bevrs sweren amaze im
mizniT, rom asiamovnon TavianT mwyalobelT. magram sruliad gauge
baria, rodesac imave wyarodan hkrefen proletarul partiis warmo
madgenelni masalas, rom gaamarTlon imave sakiTxze Tavisi Semcdari
ara socialisturi da ara internacionalisturi azri. yovel SemTx
vevaSi me darwmunebuli var, rom Sors ar aris is dro, rodesac Cveni
mSromeli xalxi TviT Seignebs Cveni fraqciis simarTles moqalaqeo
bis sakiTxSi da maSin is ityvis, vin icavda mSromelTa interess da vin
idga namdvil socialistur poziciaze _ Cven, Tu is partia, romelsac
amieridan unda ewodos _ partia dakarguli socializmisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s.-f.). rogorc etyoba socialist-revoliucio
nerebi emzadebodnen mTeli 7 dRe imisaTvis, rac dRes Tqven aq mois
mineT (gobeCia: maSin ar momces mesamed sityva). Tqven Tu ar mogcemdnen
sxva Tqven amxanagebs miscemdnen, Sengelaias ar ulaparaknia, is ilapa
rakebda. am momzadebis dros Tqven ar xelmZRvanelobdiT saRi azriT.
Tqven sityvaSi marto is vpove, rom gaiZaxiT _ socialistur Tvalsaz
risiT es kanoni ar miiRebao. (xma: es ar mogwons?) me ar momwons imisT
vis, rom am sityvas am SemTxvevaSi araviTari Sinaarsi ara aqvs (xma:
arc eqneba TqvenTvis!) arc TqvenTvis hqonia da arc momavalSi eqneba.
es advili dasamtkicebeli aris.
b. Sengelaia brZanebs, rom saxelmwifos Seadgens eri, terito
ria da kanoni. (kedia: da federalistebi!) Tu federalistebidan ar
Sesdgeba b. gvazava sabednierod arc nacional-demokratebisagan
Sesdgeba. Tqven ggoniaT, rom saxelmwifos Tqven aaSenebT. (sicili.
gvazava: me ra SuaSi var?) ar vici romeli iyo Tqvengani, magram me ese
gavige. (Tavmjdomare: kerZo laparaks Tavi daanebeT!) Tu is mcneba
marTali aris, rom unda iyos teritoria, kanoni da eri, aqedan moqa
laqe Sengelaias unda gamoeyvana Sesaferi daskvna, magram mTeli misi
sityva swored am mesame debulebis winaaRmdeg aris. Cven vambobT, rom
512
vqmniT saxelmwifos, socialist-revoliucionerebi Tanaxmani arian,
rom unda SevqmnaT saxelmwifo da saxelmwifo swored am sam ele
ments unda eyrdnobodes. maS raSia saqme? Turme imaSi, rom roca am
saxelmwifos vaSenebT, unda miviRoT kanoni, romlis ZaliT yvelani
saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovrebni ganurCevlad unda aRiarebu
li iqnan qveSevrdomad. Tu ususurobaze aris laparaki _ es sxvaa;
_ swored es warmoadgens ususurobas. soc.-revoliucionerebis az
riT yvelani unda gveRiarebina qveSevrdomad Cveni damoukideblo
bis gamocxadebisTanave. maS yvelas unda movaxvio moqalaqeoba, gana
es socialisturi Tvalsazrisi aris? (xma: Tu moisurveben!) aqedan
gaiZaxian „Tu moisurvebeno“, Tu ar moisurves? saqme Turme survi
lze yofila. ase saxelmwifos aSeneba SeuZlebelia. saxelmwifo ey
rdnoba ers, eri Sesdgeba moqalaqeebisagan, romelnic iRWurvebian
uflebebiT, valdebulebiT da movaleobiT, _ am elementebidan iqmne
ba mcneba qveSevrdomobisa.
qveSevrdomoba saxelmwifosTvis aucilebeli moTxovnileba aris.
es aris safuZveli, cocxali Zala, romelic Seadgens saxelmwifos
Semadgenlobas, es Sesagnebelia, magram ganzrax ar undaT, rom Sei
gnon. Cvens winaSe aris aseTi magaliTi: roca vaSenebdiT Cvens saxel
mwifos, davinaxeT, mravali elementebi Cven winaaRmdeg iyvnen da
eserebi eyrdnobodnen amisTana elementebs. eseni saqarTvelos damou
kideblobas Zirs uTxridnen (Sengelaia: tyuilia!) Tqven ambobT, rom
es tyuilia, magram me garwmunebT, rom es istoriiT damtkicebulia da
garwmunebT, rom yvela saxelmwifoebriv dawesebulebaSi SemodiodiT
im elementebis meoxebiT. eseni saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis winaaRmdeg
iyvnen. (maWavariani: rac marTalia _ marTalia!) (xma: tyuilia!).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT, nu laparakobT!
baraTaSvili. Tqven ambobT, marTali ar aris, magram gadaxe
deT Tqven fraqcias da winandel fraqcias, da dainaxavT, ra elemen
tebiT iyo savse. xo dainaxeT ra moxda Tqven Soris. moxTa gaTiSva,
_ swored im niadagze, rom Tqveni Tanamoazreni _ amxanagebi winaaR
mdeg iyvnen „saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa“. Tqven es gaviwydebaT,
swored kanoni Tqven mier Semotanili aRmarTulia saqarTvelos Ta
visuflebis da damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg. Tqveni proeqtebi unda
gaamravloT im elementebiT, romelnic samudamod daangreven am da
moukideblobas. (maWavariani: RmerTma nu mogvaswros) mec ar mgonia
da verc moaswroben aseT movlenas. Cven vambobT rom saxelmwifo unda
eyrdnobodes imisTana qveSevrdoms, romelic dakavSirebulia is
toriulad, ekonomiurad, romelic dakavSirebula sulierad. Tuki
imisTana kanons miviRebT, rom dRidan damoukideblobis gamocxa
debis, yvelas vaRiarebT Cven qveSevrdomebaT, CvenTvis saziano aris,
eserebis azri socialisturi Tvalsazrisi ki ar aris, aramed social
izms ewinaaRmdegeba, dRevandel Cven pirobebs unda gauwioT angari
Si, Tu es Sesworeba gatarda moitans arev darevas, Searyevs saxel
513
mwifoebriv weswyobilebas, da aurdaurevs ekonomiur mdgomareobas.
(maWavariani WeSmaritia)! eserebi keTil survilebaze laparakoben,
aRmocenebul srul gaugebrobaze.
Cven viciT, rom aw arsebulni saxelmwifoebi did yuradRebas
aqceven qveSevrdomobis sakiTxs. saxelmwifo gaxlavT moqalaqeTa
imisTana organizacia, romelic iqmneba ZaliT. SeuZlebelia, rom
warmovidginoT dRes Cven imisTana saxelmwifo, romelic iZulebiTi
ar iyos Seqmnili, Cven ver warmogvidgenia dRevandel dRes imisTana
saxelmwifo, romelic Seqmnili iyos sruliad Tavisuflad, saca gan
sazRvruli ar aris moqalaqeTa valdebuleba da movaleoba. amisTana
gansazRvra xdeba kanoniT, romelSic CarTulia Zaladoba.
qveSevrdomobis kanons didi mniSvneloba aqvs, da bevrs igi ar
moswons, radgan uSlis moqalaqeTa erTgvar TviTnebobas. rasakvirve
lia unda moiwvioT imisTana elementebi, romelnic saqarTvelos qve
Sevrdomobas da saxelmwifos TanaugrZnoben. rac „saxalxo“ gazeTSi
ewera, wakiTxva unda da Semdeg mofiqrebac. dRes Cvens mowinaaRmde
geebs es ver SevatyeT.
me mogaxseneT Tqven, rom wakiTxuls gageba unda. „saxal. furce
li“ imas amcnobda, rom saxelmwifoSi unda iyvnen imisTana qveSevr
domni, romelnic TanaugrZnoben am saxelmwifos miswrafebas, saxelm
wifos ganmtkicebas. is pirni, romelnic Cven gvemterebian, Cveni norCi
saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg moqmedoben, gandevnili unda iqnen saqarTve
los teritoriidan. b. Sengelaias ise hgonia, rom es zoologiuri mi
swrafebaa. zogs Taviseburad esmis zoologia, yvela Tavis arSiniT
zomavs. ra TvalsazrisiT uyurebda gazeTi am sakiTxs, advilad gasage
bi iyo. Cven pirdapir vacxadebT da vacxadebdiT, rom umTavresad Cven
veyrdnobiT qarTvel ers, qarTvel mSromel xalxs. mware gamocdile
bam dagvimtkica, rom Cven viyaviT marTalni. Cveni saxelmwifo iqmneba
Cveni sakuTari ZalebiT. Cveni damoukidebloba Cven TviTon gamovWe
deT. Cven uars ara vyofdiT, rom sxva erebis warmomadgenelnic, imde
nad, ramdenad dakavSirebulni arian am saxelmwifosTan, mxars dagvi
Werdnen, magram bevri vnaxeT, bevri viwvnieT, bevri gamovcadeT. ara
sando pirebs mouyriaT CvenSi Tavi, bevri sxva naciis warmomadgenelni
gamoCndnen, romelnic ebrZodnen am damoukideblobas da Cven gveSin
ian, rom swored amaT ar movaxvioT Tavs moqalaqeoba. Cveni kanoni
naTelia, cxadia, yovelmxriv gaTvaliswinebulia _ sakiTxi aris gaT
valiswinebuli uflebrivad, teritoriulad, nacionalurad. vinc
dakavSirebulni arian Cvens saxelmwifosTan da aRmouCens daxmarebas,
visac raime Rvawli miuZRvis, vinc administratiulad miwerilia, bo
los da bolos vinc moisurvebs Cven qveSevrdomobas, xdebian saqarTve
los qveSevrdomebad. gana amiT Cven vdevniT vismes? amiT ara qarTvels
veubnebiT wavidnen aqedan? gana maT keTil miswrafebaT gzas uWriT,
gana ar vaZlevT yvelas saSualebas icxovros CvenSi? qarTvel xalxis
warmomadgenlebs cils ver daswameben. aba gviCveneT visa vdevniT? maS
514
ra aris aq sawinaaRmdego?! gana ewinaaRmdegeba yoveli Cveni naTqvami
socialistur Tvalsazriss? carieli sityvebiT fons ver gavlen. ga
molaSqreba mesxiSvilis winaaRmdeg moklebulia simarTles. marTali
iyo igi, roca ambobda, rom Tavi imisTvisa gvaqvs, rom unda marTlac
rom veridoT waramara laparaks. demagogiur gamosvlebs araviTari
safuZveli ara aqvs.
es kanon-proeqti, romelic Cven mier unda iyos miRebuli, icavs
saxelmwifos, icavs mSromel xalxis interesebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. me winaaRmdegi var Semotanil Sesworebisa da ai,
ra mosazrebiT; am kanon-proeqts, yvela saxelmwifos moqalaqeobas,
safuZvlad aqvs ori principi, obieqtiuri da subieqtiuri. obieqti
uri aris is, romelic TvaliT dainaxeba, romlis xelis Sexeba SeiZle
ba, romelic nebis da survilis gamoTqmis gareSe gamoxatavs ama Tu
im adamianis mdgomareobas; subieqtiuri _ aris Tavis nebis piradi
gamoxatva Tavis sityviT, Tavis eniT. Cven proeqtis pirvel muxlSi
upiratesoba aqvs micemuli obieqtiur niSans, obieqtiuri niSnebis
Tviseba aris, Tu vin aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. rac Seexeba eserebis
mier wamoyenebul 1 muxls, aq upiratesoba aqvs micemuli subieqtiur
princips. aq sweria: (kiTxulobs. xmauroba.) me vambob upiratesobaze,
obieqtiuri niSnebic aris aq aRniSnuli, magram es imdenad umniSvne
loa, rom maze laparakic ara Rirs.
aq sweria: (kiTxulobs) da ai, me vambob, _ aq obieqtiuri niSnebi
savsebiT gaqarwylebulia, es sityvis masalaT aris moyvanili, da ara
viTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs. aq sweria: „kanonis gamoqveynebamdis vinc
ki scxovrobda“, amiT mTeli is fronti, romelic daiZra yarsisa da
erzerumidan da gaiara saqarTvelos teritoriaze, yvelani am gamo
qveynebamdis scxovrobdnen aq, da Semdeg wavidnen ruseTSi, arc erT
maTgans saSualeba ar eqneba sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi gamoacxados, rom
ar surs Cveni moqalaqeoba, da am kanonis mixedviT, yvela isini unda
vaRiaroT Cvens moqalaqeebaT. vinaidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi imaT
veraferi gamoacxades, mTeli rigi aseT SemTxveviT ganvlil pirebi
sa, romelic Cvens damoukideblobis gamocxadebamdi cxovrobda Cven
teritoriaze iqnebian Cvengan gamocxadebuli saqarTvelos moqa
laqeebaT. Tu aris sadme antidemokratiuli, gaugebari, umizno, mi
zanSeuwoneli proeqti, aris eserebis pirveli muxli subieqtiur mo
tivebiT, yovelgvar obieqtiur niSnebis uaryofiT. maT albaT egonaT,
rom is, rac daweres, aris namdvili obieqtiuri niSani: magram es aris
niSani imdenad SemTxveviTi xasiaTisa, imdenad zogadis xasiaTisa, rom
araviTar konkretiul saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, namdvil moqalaqeTa
kontigenti gamovarkvioT.
komisiis proeqtSi ki Cven gvaqvs principi obieqtiuri, swori da
mtkice. es obieqtiuri principi aris administratiul erTeulze mi
wera. ese igi adamiani, romelsac surs gamovacxadoT Cvens moqalaqeT,
515
ara Tu gauvlia SemTxveviT Cvens teritoriaze, ara Tu droebiT
cxovrobda, aq sanam surda, da roca moisurva, wavida, aqedan aramed
erTgvarad miRebuli gaxTa kidevac am teritoriaze, aqaur adminis
tratiul erTeulze miewera, ese igi mazris, guberniis, an soflis
sazogadoebrivi mcxovrebeli gaxda. amiT Tavisi nebis yofa gamoxata,
amiT man sTqva, me dRes var mijaWuli im miwa-wyalze, romelsac saqa
rTvelo ewodeba. cxadia, rodesac saqarTvelo beds icvlis, acxadebs
damoukideblobas da sxva misi mcxovreblebic iziareben mis beds.
ai, es principi gaxlavT miRebuli komisiis mier. rodesac Cven 26
maiss gamovacxadeT damoukidebloba, amiT gamocxadnen damoukideb
lad yvela isini, vinc am teritoriis udavo mcxovreblebi arian. da
narCenis Sesaxeb Cven calke muxlebi gvaqvs, da maSin mogaxsenebT, ro
gor gadavWeriT imaTi bedi, vinc ase udavo moqalaqeT ver CaiTvleba.
Cven, rom migveRo principi, romelic aq wamoayenes eserebma e. i. vinc
ar ganacxadebs uars sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, yvela is Cagvewera saqa
rTvelos moqalaqeT, aq dairRvevoda meore mTavari principi, is, rom
saxelmwifo TiTon ki ar iRebs moqalaqes, aramed saqarTvelos moqa
laqeT Semodis is, visac es surs. saxelmwifo ki ara, aramed ubralo
sazogadoebac rom aviRoT, romelsac Tavis miznebi aqvs da raime sa
gans emsaxureba, isic yvela msurvels ar miiRebs. Tqven gsurT, rom
iyoT Cveni wevri, magram exla Cven gekiTxebiT, gvsurs Tu ara, rom
Tqven iyoT Cveni sazogadoebis wevri. me mgoni ase kiTxvis dayeneba
savsebiT samarTliania. Tqven gsurT Cveni moqalaqeoba, magram Cven
ki ar gvsurs, rom Tqven iyoT Cveni moqalaqe. (xma: dRes!) dResac ise,
rogorc momavalSi. me vambob amitom, damfuZnebel krebis mowve
vamdis, manam, sanam Sesdgeboda namdvili kontigenti moqalaqeobi
sa, Cven SegveZlo gamogvecxadebina mxolod iseTi kanoni, rogoric
aris 16 ivlisis debuleba. maSin arc dava, arc laparaki ar SeiZle
boda amis winaaRmdeg, miuxedavaT amisa, iyvnen es moqalaqeni momxre
Tu mowinaaRmdege im nabijisa, romelic Cven gadavdgiT, iqneboden
es reaqcionerebi, Tu revoliucionerebi, Tu isini, visac Tavis Tavi
revoliucionerebi egonaT, reaqcionerebi ki iyvnen. yvela is xalxi,
romelTac am teritoriasTan hqonda dakavSirebuli Tavis bedi da
scxovrobda aq, ar SeiZleboda ar gamogvecxadebia Cvens moqalaqeT.
da isini Cven gamovacxadeT udavo moqalaqeebaT. Semdgom kanonmde
blobas aqvs saqme am udavo moqalaqeebTan. damfuZnebeli kreba am pir
vel muxlis safuZvelze Seikriba, marTalia 109 social-demokrati
mogvca, xolo social-revoliucionerebi cota ar iyos Seaviwrova,
magram yvela amisTvis xom am ZiriTad kanons ver gavauqmebT. es aris
pirveli muxli amoRebuli 16 ivlisis debulebidan. es gaxlavT sa
fuZveli, romelzedac aSenda Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba _ es simtkice
Cveni damoukideblobisa.
me vambob, rom rodesac gamodis am tribunaze deputati da ambobs
es muxli amoSlili unda iyoso _ es ambobs, movWraT is safuZveli, ro
516
melzedac Cven vzivarT. Tu ki safuZvels moSliT, romelzedac saxel
mwifo aSenebs mTel cxovrebas, maSin xom unda gaauqmoT TviT dam
fuZnebeli kreba, Tu loRikas davicavT, da axlad moviwvioT igi, axal
qveSevrdomobis kanonis mixedviT, vinaidan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ar
gecodinebaT vin agvirCia, Cvenma moqalaqeebma Tu sxvisma. Tu es kanoni
gavauqmeT, Cven vambobT, samma Tvem unda ganvlos da mxolod maSin gav
igebT, varT Cven moqalaqeni Tu ara. manamde ki Cven eWvis qveS viqnebiT
da ar gvecodineba, varT moqalaqe Tu ara, gvaqvs ufleba damfuZnebel
krebis wevrobisa Tu ara. rom gavigoT, moqalaqe varT saqarTvelosi
Tu ara, (xma: gobeCia italielia!) unda ucadoT 3 Tve; iqneba am xnis
ganmavlobaSi vinmem ganacxados kidec, rom ar surs aq cxovreba, an ar
surs gaxdes damfuZnebel krebis wevri. yvela am mosazrebiT am muxlis
miReba yovlad SeuZlebelia.
aq iyo sxva sabuTi wamoyenebuli: es kanon-proeqti Turme ar aris
socialisturi. me aq gamaxsenda Semdegi debuleba: yvela is ver Seva
sasufevelSi, vinc iZaxis „ufalo, ufaloo“. Cvenc ese vfiqrobT, yve
la is, vinc iZaxis: „socializacia, socializaciao“, kidev ar aris nam
dvili socialisti (gobeCia: Tqven aZlevT patents?). mudam am sityvis
gameoreba me marwmunebs winaaRmdegSi, mudam am zogad principebis
erTi-meoreze wamoyeneba da misi konkretizaciis mouxerxebloba,
marwmunebs SemdegSi: rom zogierTebma zogadi principi amoikiTxes,
magram misi cxovrebasTan Segueba da cxovrebis yovel movlenisTvis
gamoyeneba ver moaxerxes. socializmis mniSvneloba dRes imaSi md
gomareobs, rom es principi cxovrebis im konkretul movlenas Sevu
guoT, romelic win gvidgas. Cven socialistebma unda gamoviyenoT
es principi imgvarad, rom igi gaxdes sasargeblo im klasisTvis, ro
melic umTavresi matarebelia socialistur ideis, e. i muSaTa kla
sisTvis, mSromel elementebisTvis. am mxriv Tu SevxedavT im klass,
romelmac mogvca Cveni damoukidebloba, unda, rom Cven swored es
kanoni unda gamogveca da ara is, romelzedac aq eserebi gveubnebi
an. am kanonis saSualebiT Cven gamovacaleT saxelmwifos mTeli rigi
iseT elementebisa, romelic am demokratias, am xalxs uSlida xels
Tavis SemoqmedebiTi muSaobaSi. Tu am faqts uaryofs vinme, maSin vi
tyvi, rom es debuleba yalbad migviRia, magram Tu es faqti marTalia,
Tu es swori, istoriuli movlenaa, maSin es muxli yofila revoli
ucionuri imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc Cven namuSavars da Cven namoRvawevs
dangrevas upirebda. revoliucia tribunaze fasebis Tqmas ki ar Sei
cavs, revoliucia imaSi gamoixateba, rom demokratiis mtrebs lax
vrad moxvdes. da ai me vambob, am kanoniT Cveni demokratiis mtrebs
Zalian gavuZneleT Cvens winaaRmdeg brZola da muSaoba. raki es ase
moxda, cxadia, es kanoni iyo sasargeblo demokratiisa da maSasa
dame Tavis arsebiTi mniSvnelobiT revoliucionuri. (xma: naciona
listebisTvis!) nacionalistebisTvisac iyo sasargeblo, imitom rom
demokratiul wyobilebis dros ufro meti Tavisufleba aqvs yovel
517
jgufs da mimdinareobas, vinem sxva romelime wyobilebaSi. cxadia,
rom demokratiis frTis qveS nacionalistebi winandelze ukeT cx
ovroben, Tumca winaaRmdegi arian misi, me mgonia, socializmis dros
kidev ufro ukeT icxovreben, roca ganxorcieldeba muSaTa klasis
ideali, maSin es nacionalistebi TiTon kmayofilebiT ityvian, ai, ra
bednieri varT muSaTa klasis xelSio. magram es ar gvaZlevs sabuTs
imisas, rom socialistebi nacionalistebad gamovacxadoT mxolod
imitom, rom nacionalistebi (xmauroba) siamovnebiT SeuerTden
am maRal sazogadoebas. (gvazava: samoTxe iqneba!) vin SemouerTde
bodes am kanon-proeqts es ki ar aris mniSvnelovani, mTavari aris
is, rac gakeTdeba, rac obieqtiurad moyveba am kanons. xolo ivane
gaiRimebs, petres ewyineba, Tu ra moxdeba, es famusovis principia
da ara socialistebis. Semdeg isic gviTxres, rom es kanon-proeqti
Turme socialistur principis winaaRmdeg yofila, imitom rom so
cialistebs arasodes ar uTqvamT erovnul saxelmwifos daarseba
kargiao. me unda xelaxlad gavimeoro is, rac erTi kviris ganmav
lobaSi SeeZlo Cem win molaparake orators gamoerkvia, saxeldobr,
rom internacionalizmi da socializmi qadagebs swored aseT prin
cips: „erTi eri, _ erTi saxelmwifo“. es aris principi, magram rom
maT ukuRmarTad ar gaigon, ise rogorc maT gaiges citatebi Jor
danias citatebidan, me unda ganvacxado, rom es debuleba ar aris
absoliuturi mcneba. erTi eri, _ erTi saxelmwifo yvela pirobeb
Si, yvela erisTvis, SeiZleba ar gaxdes saukeTesod, magram es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu Tqven saWirod da aucileblad dainaxavT, rom erTi
eri gadaiqces erT saxelmwifod, Tqven Tqven sruli ufleba gaqvT
es iaraRad gamoiyenoT muSa xalxis, mSromel xalxis sasargeblod,
maT gasaZliereblad. ai es pincipi, aseTi SezRudviT mudam miRebuli
iyo social-demokratebis mier. SeiZleba istoriidan dagisaxeloT
erTi faqti. 1903 wels samzRvar gared gamovida erTi wignaki _ „qa
rTveli nacionalistebi“, sadac ewera, rom Cven SegviZlian damou
kideblobac miviRoT erisa. es iyo 1903-4 wels. im dRidan moyole
buli dRemdi saqarTvelos social-demokratebs saerTod arasodes
aseT principisTvis ar gadauxveviaT.
erTi eri _ erTi saxelmwifo; ra aris es principi? am principze
aris aSenebuli erTi muxli yvela social-demokratebis programi
sa, _ erTa TviT gamorkveva, da es marto social-demokratiul pro
gramaSi ki ar gaxlavT, aramed yovel socialistur programaSi aris,
da roca socialisti programaSi icavs raime muxls, unda icodes is
ZiriTadi principi, romlidanac es muxli gamomdinareobs, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Cavardeba TiTon Tavis parti
is winaSe. Cven aq gviTxres bagaJze, da me unda ganvmarto, rom arc me
msurda mometana Cemadnebi da mTeli xrova wignebisa, me vgulisxmobdi
qonebriv bagaJs, codnas an wignebiT an cxovrebaSi SeZenils, da ara
wignebs da sxva raime aseT nivTier sagnebs. da Tu is aseT saoxunjoT
518
gamoiyenes, rom me ver movitane wignebio, es mxolod Tavis Tavis ga
oxunjeba aris, da ara azrisa, romelic aq iyo wamoyenebuli. yvela
am azrebis gamo, me mgoni SemiZlia davskvna Semdegi, is pirveli mux
li, romelic wamoyenebulia proeqtSi, aris namdvili gamomxatveli,
konkretiulad dRevandel pirobebSi Camoyalibebul im interesebisa,
romelic unda daicvas Cvenma demokratiam. is principi ki, romelic
aris wamoyenebuli eserebis mier, Semotanili Sesworebis saxiT, aris
sruliad gamousadegari Cveni demokratiisTvis, da rogorc aseTi, ga
moiwvevs CvenSi mxolod uazrobobas, arevs darevs Cvens cxovrebas, da
swored am mosazrebiT unda uaryofil iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. kenWs uyri im Ses
worebas, romelic Semotanilia soc.-rev. mier. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
Sesworeba uaryofilia. saerTod uyri kenWs pirvel muxls. vin aris
winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi social-demokratebis fraqcias Semoa
qvs aseTi Sesworeba, amoiSalos: (kiTxulobs) „magram 1914 w. ivnisis
19-de (Zveli stiliT) ukanaskneli 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv
cxovrobda saqarTvelos dRevandel teritoriaze“ amis magivrad Cai-
weros: „magram 1914 w. ianvris 1-dan ganuwyvetliv cxovrobs saqarTve
los teritoriaze“.
am Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) meore muxls komisiis redaqciiT uwin mxars
uWerdnen social-demokratebi sakonstitucio komisiaSi, magram ex
la SemoaqvT Sesworeba da saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrebis xan
grZlivobas moqalaqeobis mosapoeblaT amokleben ori wliT, moqa
laqeobis mosapoeblaT exlac didi staJia dawesebuli _ TiTqmis xuT
naxevari weliwadi.
kanon-proeqtis meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse wakiTxva rom iyos
dawesebuli reglamentis ZaliT, maSin social-demokratebi, albaT,
sruliaT uaryofen yovelgvar staJs moqalaqeobis uflebis mosapoe
blaT, radganac maTi azri moqalaqeobis sakiTxSi, rogorc es exla
gamoirkva, ganicdis TandaTanobiTi evoliucias. Cveni fraqciis az
riT, rodesac axali saxelmwifo arsdeba gansazRvrul teritori
aze, yovel pirs, romelic cxovrobs am ukanasknelze, ufleba unda
hqondes Tavis Tavi CaTvalos am axlad daarsebul saxelmwifos moqa
laqed da sul sxvanairad unda daisvas sakiTxi mxolod imaT Sesaxeb,
vinc saxelmwifos daarsebis Semdeg Semoixizneba saxelmwifos teri
toriaze. amaT unda moipovon moqalaqeoba naturalizaciiT da ami
saTvis unda arsebobdes erTgvari wesi. TiTqmis yvela, saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, iyo
ruseTis respublikis moqalaqe da TanabraT sargeblobda respub
likis moqalaqeTa uflebebiT miuxedavaT imisa, Tu romel ers ekuT
vnoda esa Tu is piri. rodesac saqarTvelos, rogorc gansazRvrul
519
teritoriis damoukidebloba gamocxadebul iqna, maSin xelovnuraT
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebTa Soris uTanasworoba gaCnda. nacionalis
turi TvalsazrisiT amis dasabuTeba SeiZleba. nacionalisti ambobs:
me qarTveli var, saqarTvelos teritoria Cemi mama papis sisxliT aris
morwyuli da amitom sxva erTa Svilebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze
mivaniWeb moqalaqeobis uflebas maSin, rodesac amas me davinaxav sa
WiroT da im saxiT, romliTac es me msurs. magram internacionalisti
ise ver imsjelebs, miT umetes socialisti, da amitom Cveni fraqcia
winaaRmdegia am SemTxvevaSi cxovrebis xangrZlivobis yovelgvari
staJis dawesebisa imaTTvis, vinc damoukideblobis gamocxadebis
dRes scxovrobda saqarTveloSi.
momxsenebeli raJden arseniZe. me Tavidanve vicodi, rom is ora
torebi, romelnic aq gamobrZanden, Cems winaaRmdeg, saganze ar ilapa
rakebden, da marTlac ase Caidines.
aq erTi principi aris aRiarebuli erTi kategoriis moqalaqeebi
sTvis, isini ki sul sxvebze gvelaparakebian, romlebzedac Cven gvaqvs
sxva muxlSi laparaki _ saxeldobr muSebze. da sxva aseTgvar aq da
binavebul xalxze. SeiZleboda exlave ar gagveca amaze pasuxi, magram
mainc minda wavukiTxo da gavagebino maT, rom imaTTvis, vinc muSebi
arian, gvaqvs sxva winadadeba mesame muxlSi. am muxlSi ai, ra sweria
(kiTxulobs).
cxadia, imis Tqma, rom muSebs ori weliwadi aCuqeso, Tu ori weli
wadi apatieso, _ es iyo sityvis masalaT motanili, an da gaugebrobiT,
amaze amitom aRar SevCerdebi.
am muxlis Sesaxeb arsebiTad ar mogaxsenebT, TiTqos meore muxliT
ibRalvebodes sxva erebis uflebebi, TiTqos am muxliT vaniWebdeT
raRaca upiratesobas qarTvelebs da varTmevdeT upiratesobas sxva
eris xalxs. aq sweria: „yofili ruseTis qveSevrdomi“. cxadia aqedan
SeiZleba erTi daskvna gamoitanoT, im ucxoelebs, romelnic germani
is, avstriis, inglisis da sxva saxelmwifos qveSevrdomebi arian, es
muxli ar exebaT. marTlac es muxli mxolod ruseTis qveSevrdomebs
exebaT: yovelive ruseTis qveSevrdoms, vinc ki iyo winaT ruseTSi, iyo
is rusi, qarTveli, somexi, Tu musulmani, es exeba yvelas ganurCevlad.
maSasadame es muxli aris internacionaluri, da Tu vixmare ter
minologia gobeCiasi, es iqneba socialisturi, vinaidan brZanebs, raki
internacionaluria ueWvelad socialisturi ariso.
me vambob, es aucileblad internacionaluri gaxlavT swored
imitom, rom yvela naciisTvis erTi da igive muxli aris miRebuli.
(xmauroba). magram swored amitom ar gvinda davarqvaT socialistu
ri, rom „internacionaluri“ bevri ara socialistic gvinaxavs, bur
Juac da reaqcioneric, _ internacionaluri Tu revoliucionuri
fraziT. me vambob, rom es muxli internacionaluria imiT, rom igi Ta
nasworad exeba yvela erebs, visac raime kavSiri da damokidebuleba
aqvs im saxelmwifosTan, romelic Cven davaarseT. amitom es muxli Ta
520
nasworad awesebs SeRavaTs im pirTaTvis, romelnic aq scxovrobdnen
ramodenime xnis ganmavlobaSi mainc, ese igi SemTxveviT ki ar arian aq,
aramed ramodenime xani mainc ucxovriaT Cven teritoriaze, da Cven
SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom ramodenimed mainc arian dainteresebulni,
ramodenimed mainc arian dakavSirebulni Cven xalxTan gansazRvrul
dros. (xma: vin mogcaT amis ufleba? xmauroba. zari.)
Tavmjdomare. batonebo, umorCilesad gTxovT, kerZo laparaks
Tavi daaneboT, yovlad SeuZlebelia ese krebis warmoeba. keTil ineb
eT, nu uSliT orators!
raJden arseniZe. aq gvekiTxebian, vin mogcaT uflebao? me unda gan
vacxado, rom damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisTvis aseTi SekiTxva samarcx
vinoa! (taSi).
Cven es neba mogvca xalxma. (neli taSi) (kedia: ufro gabedulad
daukariT!).
amitom Cven vkanonmdeblobT im xalxis saxeliT, romelmac gamogvg
zavna da im pirebisTvis, romelnic pirvel muxlis ZaliT ar moxvden
Cvens qveSevrdomebaT, Cven unda SevqmnaT erTgvari SeRavaTi imisda
mixedviT, Tu ramodenad arian isini SekavSirebulni Cven qveyanasTan,
da am SekavSirebis niSnad Cven aviReT maTi xangrZlivi cxovreba Cvens
teritoriaze.
komisiis mier iyo miRebuli 1914 w. 19 ivnisi da imis win kidev 3
w. cxovreba am teritoriaze da es im mosazrebiT, rom SesaZlebelia
mraval maTgans omSi gawvevis gamo daetovebinaT es teritoria, da es
iZulebiTi wasvla am teritoriidan naklad gvinda CavuTvaloT da
am iZulebiTi wasvlis gamo ar unda wagverTmia maTTvis moqalaqeTa
miRebis ufleba. da swored amitom SevitaneT, rom 3 weliwadi vinc
scxovrobda CvenSi, imaT mivceT ufleba moqalaqeoba moiTxovon da
dauyonebliv miiRon kidec-Tqo. rasakvirvelia, rom did omianobas
ar hqonoda am Cven damoukideblobis gamocxadebamdin adgili, Cven
maSin vityodiT, vinc aq sami weliwadi scxovrobda saqarTvelos da
moukideblobis gamocxadebis dRemde. magram Cven vambobT, rom auare
beli pirebi, romelsac kavSiri aqvs Cvens xalxTan, ar iyo aq omis gamo,
is wasuli iyo sxvagan sadme Soreul frontze 1914 wlidan, da sami
wlis winad ki ueWvelad iyo aq, vinaidan sxva raime mosazreba aqedan
ar moiTxovda mis wasvlas. es erTi.
meorec, omi iyo da omis ganmavlobaSi aq iyo SemTxveviT omis gamo
Camosuli auarebeli xalxi, romelTac ar undodaT saqarTveloSi
cxovreba. cxadia aseT xalxs rom mivadgeT da SevTavazoT Cveni moqa
laqeobis ufleba, es Cven saxelmwifoebriobas arc Rirsebas Sehmatebs
da arc sargeblobas moutans. amitom miviReT Cven pirveli sami muxli
da ar gavyeviT im cariel frazeologias, romelic ambobs, rom visac
surs, is unda miiRoT.
aq kidev Cven gveubnebian, Tqven rogor bedavT am muxlis miRe
bas, rodesac zogierTi ara qarTveli reaqcioneri quCaSi dadis da
521
zogierTi qarTveli revoliucioneri ki cixeSi ziso. me unda gan
vacxado, rom amas araviTari kavSiri, araviTari damokidebuleba
ara aqvs moqalaqeobasTan. cxadia, vinc cixeSi sxedan raime danaSau
lobis gamo sxedan da vinc raime danaSaulobas Caidens, igi ueWve
lad cixeSi moxdeba, isic, vinc revoliucioners uwodebs Tavis Tavs,
cixeSi moxdeba, Tu danaSauli Caidina. aq moqalaqeoba ver ixsnis mas
verc cixidan, verc sxva sasjelisagan, swored amitom me mgonia, rom
sabuTi aq mosatani ar aris. demokratiul respublikaSi ar iWeren
quCaSi ama Tu im kacs imisTvis, rom mas reaqcioneri hqvian, da ara
revoliucioneri an socialisti. rom ar iWeren es ar CaiTvleba
borotebaT demokratiul respublikisTvis, vinaidan CvenSi arse
bobs Tavisufleba pirovnebisa, da amas vaxorcielebT. piriqiT, rom
vsTqvaT, ratom iWerT moqalaqeso, es kidev gasagebi iqneboda? ma
gram imis Tqma, rom moqalaqes zogs iWerT da zogi ise dadiano, es
raRac gaugebrobaa, romelTac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs imas Cven
gasabWob saganTan.
swored amitom vambob, unda ilaparakoT muxlis gamo, da ara sxva
saganze, romelic sruliad ar Seexeba am muxls. esec gviTxres, Tqven
albad SezRudva imitom SeitaneT am muxlSi, rom viRacis geSiniaTo.
Cven, rom gveSinodes, gaviqceodiT. Cven ki ar gveSinian, Cven vibrZviT,
da radgan vibrZviT, amisTvis vqmniT iseT kanons, romelic brZolaSi
gamogvadgeba. Tqven ki ggoniaT, rom roca kanonis daweriTa da kanonis
cxovrebaSi gatarebiT vawarmoebT brZolas _ es SiSi ariso. Tu kano
niT brZola SiSia, maSin xeli unda aiRoT kanondeblobaze, vinaidan
SiSi Seferis TqvenisTana revoliucioners!
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri im Sesworebas, romelic Semotanilia
soc.-dem. fraqciis mier da romelic ukve mogxsendaT. vin aris wi
naaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlis
Sesworebis? meore muxli miRebulia. Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mesame muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-4 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi gaxlavT Semotanili ori Sesworeba.
erTi social-demokratiul fraqciisa, (kiTxulobs). „am muxlis ZaliT
miRebuli dadgenileba momrig. mosamarTlem dauyonebliv unda acno
bos saTanado prokurors. ukanasknels ufleba eZleva dRidan aslis
miRebisa ori kviris vadaSi gaasaCivros aseTi dadgenileba“.
meore eserebis fraqciisa. (kiTxulobs): „pirvel muxlSi aRniSnu
li gancxadeba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles,
romelic aRniSnavs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze uaris mTqmelTa gan
sakuTrebul wignSi“.
es ori Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli raJden arseniZe. eserebis Sesworeba miuRebelia
ukve imitom, rom maTi pirveli muxli, romelsac is ekuTvnis, uaryo
522
filia. amitom TavisTavad cxadia, es Sesworeba uaryofili unda iyos,
unda moixsnas, imitom rom uazrobas Seitans kanonSi da es damfuZneb
el krebis Rirsebas ar Seefereba.
aris meore Sesworeba, romelic social-demokratiis fraqciis
saxeliT aris Semotanili. es Sesworeba Seicavs erTgvar garantias
imisas, rom mosamarTle ar iyos ukontrolo, rom mas hqondes kontro
li saxelmwifosi, Tundac prokuroris saxiT. me piradad amis winaaRm
deg araferi ar meqneba, Tumca es miRebuli ar iyo komisiaSi, komisiis
azriT mosamarTlec sakmaris garantias warmoadgens saxelmwifos in
teresebisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri social-demokratiul fraqciis Ses
worebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba social-demokratiul
fraqciisa miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi soc.-rev. fraqciis wina
dadebis? vin aris momxre? (soc.-revoliuc.). social-revoliucioner
ebis Sesworeba uaryofilia.
me-4 muxli SesworebiT miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-5 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mexuTe muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-6 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis litera a-Si social-demokratiul fraq
cias Semoaqvs aseTi cvlileba (kiTxulobs): lit. a. Sicvalos Semdeg
redaqciiT: „Svili saqarTvelos moqalaqisa, dabadebuli saqarTve
los teritoriaze, an mis gareT“.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli arseniZe. es saredaqcio xasiaTis Sesworeba aris. igi
azrs arsebiTad ar scvlis, amitom winaaRmdegi ar varT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlis SesworebiT? muxli miRebulia.
Semdegi.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-7 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aris Sesworeba social-revoliucionerebisa, pir
veli gaxlavT aseTi (kiTxulobs): amoiSalos pirvel SeniSvnidan si
tyvebi: „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoe
briv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“.
meore Sesworeba aris agreTve amoiSalos sruliad SeniSvna me-
2-e: „agreTve vadis mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTve
los moqalaqeT yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli“.
momxsenebeli arseniZe. pirveli SeniSvnidan amoiSalos (kiTxu
lobs): „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoe
briv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“.
me zedmetad mimaCnia amis amoSla da ai ratom: aq aris erTis ni
Sani miRebuli, „TvalsaCino Rvawli“, mxolod raSi gamoixateba es zo
gadi mcneba, gamourkvevelia. aseT pirobebSi kanonmdebeli mimarTavs
xolme ramodenime magaliTis CamoTvlas, romliTac aRniSnavs mimar
523
Tulebas kanonmdebelis azrisa. aqac kanonmdebeli aRniSnavs, rogor
mdgomareobas ewodeba TvalsaCino Rvawli. ai, magaliTad aRniSnulia
mecnieruli samxedro an sxva ram amisdagvari sazogadoebrivi sarge
bloba, es aris didi Rvawli mTeli xalxisTvis, mTeli erTeulisTvis
da ara is, rac romelime kerZo pirs, partiis wevrs miaCnia did Rvaw
lad, magram arsebiTad ki ar Seadgens Rvawls. imisTvis, rom TvalsaCi
no Rvawli ar iyos ganxiluli yovelive piris, individis piradi Sexed
ulebis mixedviT, aris CamoTvlili zogierTi didi Rvawli, romelTan
SedarebiT Cven SegviZlia sxva Rvawlic davafasoT. ai, am azriT aris
CamoTvlili aq magaliTebi da komisiis azriT es unda darCes.
rac Seexeba meore SeniSvnis amoSlas, me es sruliad miuReblad
mimaCnia da ai ratom: am SeniSvniT SeRavaTi eZleva ucxo qveSevrdom
qarTvels. am Sesworebis avtorni winaaRmdegni arian, rom amas nacio
nalizmaT sTvliT da sxva, magram araferi aseTi aq ar gaxlavT. nacio
nalizmi aris, rodesac Tavis xalxis sasargeblod sxva ers rame zians
moutan. Cven rom gvsurdes saqarTvelos da qarTvelebis sargeblobis
mosatanaT, ziani mivsceT sxva ers, sxva eri davCagroT, davimorCil
oT, rame xarjebi, begarebi gadavaxdevinoT da sxva, _ es iqneboda na
cionalizmi, zoologiuri nacionalizmi, kaci-Wamioba. xolo Cven rom
Cven teritoriaze yoveli qarTveli iolad da advilaT miviRoT da
gamovacxadoT qarTvel moqalaqeT, amiT me mgonia arc erTis inter
esebs ar vbRalavT, arc erT ers Cven ar vCagravT. piriqiT, Cven amiT
xels SevuwyobT, rom moxdes konsolidacia erebisa, rom eris gafant
vas xeli SevuSaloT, radgan amiT eri advilad iCagreba. am SeniSvnis
miRebiT Cven xels SevuwyobT mxolod erovnul Cagvris Semcirebas da
Sesustebas. amitom is miRebuli unda iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs vuyri pirvelsa da meore Sesworebas. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? (umravlesoba). pirveli da meore Sesworeba uaryofil
ia. maSasadame muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs me-8 da me-9 muxls) muxlebi
kenWis yriT miRebulia.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs me-10 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq gaxlavT Sesworeba Semotanili social-demokra
tiul fraqciisa. pirveli aseTi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs) lit. „b-dan
amoiSalos sityvebi „samsaxurSi Seva“ da Caematos nacvlad ukanas
knelisa: „samxedro, an samoqalaqo Tanamdebobas miiRebs“. maSasadame,
Tu inebebT da miiRebT, gamova ese (kiTxulobs). meore Sesworeba gax
lavT aseTi „paragrafi „g“ sruliad gamoricxul iqnes“.
momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli arseniZe: litera „b“ Sesaxeb Sesworeba aris iseTi,
rom igi Secvlil iqnes Semdeg nairad: „samxedro an samoqalaqo Tanam
debobas miiRebs.“
Sesworebis winaaRmdeg araferi ar maqvs. litera „b“-Si Semotani
li Sesworeba azrs ar scvlis da ar ewinaaRmdegeba.
524
rac Seexeba litera „g“ Sesworebas, rom igi sruliad amoSalos,
komisiis saxeliT me winaaRmdegi var amis, imisTvis, rom miscemodaT
saSualeba zogierT moqalaqeT ganecxadebinaT da wasuliyvnen iq, sad
ac moqalaqeoba surT da sadac moRvaweoben.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi im Sesworebis, romelic Se
motanilia social-demokrat. fraqciis mier? pirveli da meore Ses
woreba miRebulia.
me-10 muxli SesworebiT miRebulia.
raJ. arseniZe. kiTxulobs (me-11 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? me-11 muxli miRebulia. vin
aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad kanon-proeqtisa? kanon-proeqti mTli
anad miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqtis momxsenebeli anjafariZe.
525
(g. anjafariZis sityvis dros Tavmjdomaris alags iWers simon
mdivani).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi rom gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze? aravin. maSasadame, muxlobrivi ganxilva moxdeba Semdeg
krebaze.
Semdegi sakiTxi: (kiTxulobs)
526
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)
meoce sxdoma
527
geronti qiqoZis gancxadeba.
dRiuri wesrigi:
528
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT:
529
momxsenebeli ivane WavWaniZe. damfuZnebel krebas ukve mieRo
erTi kanoni, romelic Seexeboda saerTo jamagirebis momatebas da
es saerTo momateba miRebulia pirvel maisidan. ase rom, marTalia
sabiujeto-safinanso komisias ar hqonia msjeloba da Tavisi daskv
na ar gamoutania, magram, me mgonia, misi azric aseTi iqneboda da am
Sesworebas miiRebda da zedmet kredits erTi TvisTvis ar daadas
turebda.
ase rom, am Sesworebas me viReb.
Tavmjdomare. diax! maSasadame Tqven momxre brZandebiT social-
demokratiul fraqciis Sesworebis. kenWs vuyri, vin aris winaaRmde
gi? aravin. miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi mesame muxlis Sesworebis?
aravin. miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi mxolod kanon-proeqtisa?
kanon-proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi
sakiTxi gaxlavT: (kiTxulobs).
530
meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa epidemiasTan
brZolaSi daRupul da Sromis unar-dakargul
mosamsaxureTa ojaxebis Sesaxeb.
531
SegveZlo mogveTxova eqimebisTvis wasuliyvnen da ebrZolaT imaT am
senis winaaRmdeg.
Tqvens SesworebaSi me vxedav, rom cifra ganaxevrebuli aris,
30.000 magivrad miRebuli aris 15.000 maneTi, Cven viangariSeT ro
gorc minimaluri es cifra; Tqven TiTon warmoidgineT amnairi an
gariSi. vTqvaT, eqims eZleva 1500 man. TveSi, maSasadame is wliurad
Rebulobs 18.000 maneTs, da Tu miviRebT im zomas, romelic sazoga
dod dazRvevis dros aris miRebuli, muSebs eZlevaT, Tu ara vcdebi,
aTi wlis raodenoba, maSasadame, es gamova 180.000 magram, rasakvir
velia, Cven ase did cifras ver aviRebdiT da aviReT minimaluri ci
fra da es cifra gaxlavT sworeT -1/6 imisa, rac misaRebia sxva Sem
TxvevaSi.
magram am SesworebiT es cifra ukve Semcirebulia Zlier, amitom
Cven vfiqrobT, rom ufro samarTliani iqneba es minimaluri cifra
darCes, _ Cven gveZleva maSin saSualeba imaT movTxovoT, rom wavid
nen. Cven gvaqvs gasamarTlebeli sabuTi, rom Tu vinicobaa isini daiR
upnen, cotaodeni daxmareba mainc miecema imaT ojaxebs.
es erTi.
meore mosazreba is aris, rom dRes-dReobiT 15.000 maneTi ras
warmoadgens? 15.000 maneTi Zalian naklebi ram aris, nametnavad Tu mi
viReT mxedvelobaSi maneTis dRevandel Rirebulobas da aseTi mcire
di rames micema Cven migvaCnia uxerxulad da usamarTlod.
gansakuTrebuli Sroma sWiria eqims, gansakuTrebuli gawvrTna,
rom gamomuSavdes rigiani eqimi epidemiasTan sabrZolvelad, yvela
eqimi amisTvis ar gamodgeba. isini windawin grZnoben, rom msxverplad
ewirebian samSoblos, amitom Cven am garemoebas unda SevxedoT sxva
nairad. Tu eqimebis Sesaxeb miviRebT Cven mxedvelobaSi aseT sabuTebs,
maSin TavisTavad cxadia, es gadava ferSlebze, sanitrebze da mowy
alebis debze. amitom erTnairi sazomiT unda moveqceT, rogorc
muSebs, ise imaTac da ar unda iyvnen isini daCagrulni da amitom Ses
worebis winaaRmdegi var.
sasurvelia, rom darCes igive zoma, igive jami, romelic aq iyo
warmodgenili. Tu Tqven amas miiRebT, Cven gveqneba saSualeba ufro
medgrad movTxovoT Tavis movaleobis Sesruleba. dRes-dReobiT es
eqimebi Zalian winaaRmdegi arian wasvlisa, amitom aris miRebuli iZu
lebiTi zoma, es iZulebiTi zoma gavrcelebulia jer-jerobiT quTai
sis guberniaSi da Cven iZulebuli viqnebiT gavavrceloT tfilisis
guberniaSi, miT umetes, rom mokle xanSi erTi epidemia kidev mogve
lis _ xolera. SesaZlebelia sul veRar viSovoT eqimebi Tu aseTi pa
tara sazomiT gauswordebiT imaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b-n TevzaZes.
s. TevzaZe (s.-d.). saministrosagan warmodgenil saerTo mosazre
bas, rasakvirvelia, Cven viziarebT da samarTlianic aris, magram rac
Seexeba im cifris datovebas, romelic iyo saministros mier warmod
532
genili, e. i. rom eqimebs erTdroul daxmarebad mieces 30.000 man. amis
winaaRmdegi varT da ai ratom:
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom es zoma Seexeba saxelmwifo saerTo zomas, e.
i. saxelmwifo sadac gagzavnis eqimebs, imaTze gavrceldeba es daxmare
ba. magram es rom miviRoT Cven erT did arev-darevas da gaugebrobas
gamoiwvevs, me mets vityvi, SeiZleba avadmyofoba ufro gavrceldes,
imitom, rom bevri eqimebi daanebeben Tavs im alagebs, sadac praqtikaze
arian da sadac daxmarebas iReben. magaliTad, qalaqis TviTmarTvelo
ba erTdroul daxmarebas aZlevs 15.000 maneTs. me mgonia dRes-dReo
biT, rasakvirvelia, qalaqis TviTmarTveloba ar aris savaldebulo
saxelmwifosTvis, magram me darwmunebuli var es did arev-darevas da
did gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs, amitom am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda
Cveni fraqcia, roca Semohqonda aseTi Sesworeba, radganac miRebuli
aris aseTi sistema. es sistema SeiZleba erobebSiac aris miRebuli. ase
Ti daxmareba rom SemoviRoT da gavadidoT es daxmareba, TavisTavad
cxadia, is eqimebi an unda gagveficnen da gviTxran 30.000 man. daxmareba
mogveciT an da unda daanebon Tavi samsaxurs da gadavidnen iq, sadac
ufro xelsayreli iqneba. am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda Cveni fraq
cia, roca Semohqonda aseTi Sesworeba. me mgonia, damfuZnebeli kreba
amas miiRebs. Cveni winadadeba aris eqimebs mieces im zomis daxmareba,
ra zomiTac aZlevs qalaqis TviTmarTveloba daxmarebas _ 15.000 maneTs.
Semdeg aq aris kategoriebi. rasakvirvelia, Tu erTi Seicvala,
meorec unda Seicvalos. kategoriebi aq aris Semdegi. Cven gveqneba
gayofili mTeli nawili mosamsaxureebisa or kategoriaT. pirvelSi
Sedian eqimebi, meoreSi ferSlebi, mowyalebis debi, sanitrebi da me
dezinfeqtorebi. pirvel kategorias miecema 15.000 m. im mosazrebiT,
romelzedac me mogaxsenebT. meore kategorias miecema 10.000 maneTi
erT-drouli daxmareba, me mgonia, es damakmayofilebeli iqneba, mi
uxedavad imisa, rom fulis kursi daeca da sxva. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
es ufro samarTliani aris da ufro ar arev-darevs isedac areul-da
reul zogierT nawilebs am dargisas. Cveni fraqcia amas icavs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? msurveli ara
vin ar aris. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli anjafariZe. komisiis saxeliT winaaRmdegi var Ses
worebisa, romelic aq iyo Setanili social-demokratiul fraqciis
mier.
mTavari mosazreba is aris, rom aseTi daxmareba aqvs miRebuli qa
laqis TviTmarTvelobas da saxelmwifom rom es daxmareba gaadidos,
am SemTxvevaSi qalaqis TviTmarTvelobac iZulebuli iqneba, rom aseve
moiqces. me mgonia, es mosazreba marTali ar aris. me mgonia saxelmwifo
Tavis dReSi ar miiRebs saxelmZRvanelod im dadgenilebas, romelic
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobas aqvs miRebuli. miT umetes, rom epidemiasT
an brZola, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi mis sivrces, exla gadadis um
Tavresad saxelmwifos xelSi.
533
mTavrobis warmomadgenelma aq mogaxsenaT, Tu ra pirobebSi xdeba
es brZola, Tu ra pirobebSi xdeba daqiraveba Statebisa. me mgonia, Tu
ki Cven daqiravebul pirebs cotaodeni garantia ar miveciT imis, rom
Tu gardaicvlebian, maTi ojaxebi ar darCebian ulukma-purod, _ Cven
amiT saqmes gavafuWebT. me darwmunebuli var, qalaqis TviTmarTvelo
ba iZulebuli Seiqmneba, rom es Tavisi dadgenileba gamoscvalos. es
aSkaraa CemTvis, kidevac rom miviRoT Cven is daxmareba, romelic qa
laqma miiRo. magram qalaqisTvis Tavis dadgenilebis gamocvla ufro
advili aris, imitom rom SedarebiT ufro martivi aparati aqvs,
saxelmwifos ki ufro rTuli aparati aqvs.
amitom, vambob, rom es cota ar iyos CvenTvis xelsayreli ar aris
da samarTlianoba moiTxovs rom davtovoT 30.000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre im Sesworebisa, rom 30.000 maneTis
magier iyos 15.000 maneTi? vin aris winaaRmdegi? umciresoba. (winaaRm
deg xmebi misces soc. rev. soc. federalist. da nacional demokrateb
ma) Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad muxlisa? pirveli muxli miRebuli
gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxlSi social-demokratiul fraqcias Se
moaqvs Semdegi winadadeba: „20.000 maneTi Seicvalos 10.000 maneTiT“.
vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. rac Seexeba daxmarebis SemoRebas, rasakvirvelia,
winaaRmdegi var im mosazrebiT, romelic me gamovTqvi pirvel muxlis
Sesaxeb. magram aq erTi Sesworeba aris Setanili. Tqven iciT kargaT,
rom mTavrobam sam kategoriaT dahyo personali, romelsac daxmareba
sWiria. social-demokratiul fraqciis azriT saWiro aris sami kate
goriis magivrad ori kategoria. da ai sworeT social-demokratiul
fraqcia ferSlebs uTanasworebs sanitrebs. me ar var imis winaaRm
degi, rom specialuri medezinfeqtorebi gadavitanoT mesame kate
goriaSi, magram gaTanasworeba ferSlebisa da sanitrebisa es, Cemis
azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia, radganac ubralo muSaobis da avakaci
ur muSaobis Soris unda iyos raime gansxvaveba. ai, am mosazrebiT me
winaaRmdegi var Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi im Sesworebebis, romelic
Semoitana s.-demokratiulma fraqciam? (Sesworebani soc.-demokra
tiuli xmebiT miRebulia) Sesworebani miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq aris Sesworeba, rom amoiSalos sruliad mesame
muxli. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin aris. momxseneb
lis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa im mosazrebiT,
romelic me mogaxseneT.
534
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom amoiSalos mesame muxli?
(winaaRmdegni arian soc.-rev. soc.-fed. er.-demokr.)
muxli amoSlili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeq
ti mTlianad miRebuli iyos? (winaaRmdegni arian soc-rev. soc.-fed.
da er.-dem.).
kanon-proeqti miRebuli gaxlavT da gadaecema saredaqcio komi
sias.
Semdegi sakiTxi:
535
vis saTanado ricxvi xmosnebisa. am mazrebisTvis, maSasadame, saWiro
aris gamorkveva ramdeni xmosani unda yavdes borCalos mazras da ram
deni unda yavdes axalqalaqis mazras. dRes borCalos yofil mazri
dan Semodis saqarTvelos teritoriaSi sami nawili. es gaxlavT TviT
borCalos raioni, TrialeTis raioni da ekaterinenfeldis raioni.
sul mcxovrebTa ricxvi am sam raionSi Seadgens 111,862 kacs. bor
Calos raionze aqedan modis 28,840 kaci, ekaterinenfeldis raionze _
28,562 kaci da TrialeTis raionze _ 54,460 kaci. xmosanTa rodenobis
gamorkvevis dros, mTavroba, saerobo debulebis Sedgenis dros, xe
lmZRvanelobda Semdegi sistemiT: saerTod iyo aRebuli sami cifra:
minimumi, saSualo da maqsimumi. minimaluri gaxlavT 25, saSualo 35,
maqsimaluri 45. mazris xmosanTa ricxvis gansazRvris dros, saWiro
aris Semdegi wesi miviRoT: unda aviRoT mTeli guberniis teritoria,
da gamovarkvioT (viciT, rasakvirvelia), ramden mazras Seicavs gu
bernia. Semdeg saSualo cifri unda gavamravloT mazris raodenobis
cifrze. magaliTad: aviRoT Tbilisis gubernia: Sedgeba 9 mazrisagan,
saSualo cifiri gaxlavT 35, 35 rom gavamravloT 9 jer, miviRebT 315.
es aris im xmosnebis ricxvi, romelic modis mTel Tbilisis guberni
aze. Semdeg Cven unda gamoviangariSoT metri, saarCevno metri. ami
tom saWiroa mTeli guberniis mcxovrebTa raodenoba gavyoT 315-ze,
rom gavigoT TviT xmosans ramdeni mcxovrebi agzavnis. mTel Tbili
sis guberniaSi scxovrobs 1.126,542 kaci (garda qalaq Tbilisisa). es
ricxvi unda gavyoT 315-ze da miviRebT 3576 kacs; ai es cifiri gax
lavT saarCevno metri. sxvaTa Soris aq aRebulia amomrCeveli ki ara,
aramed mcxovrebi. magram es garemoebas ar scvlis. proporcia rCeba
igive. saarCevno metri, rom aviRoT, da masze gavyoT yoveli mazris
mcxovreblebis raodenoba, miviRebT im cifrs, romelsac veZebT.
rogorc mogaxseneT weRan, borCalos mazris udavo raionebSi
scxovrobs 111.862 k. Cven es cifiri rom gavyoT 35-ze miviRebT bor
Calos mazrisTvis xmosnebs. maSasadame, borCalos mazras unda hyavdes
saerobo krebulis xmosnebis ricxvi _ 31 xm.
amave rigad unda moviqceT, roca axalqalaqis mazris xmosnebis
ricxvis gamorkveva dagvWirdeba; axalqalaqis mazraSi mcxovreblebis
ricxvi, im cnobebis mixedviT, romelic dRes mogvepoveba, Seadgens
106.307 suls; rom gavyoT 35-ze, miviRebT 29 xmosans. amitom aris rom
borCalos mazraSi unda iyos 31 xmosani, axalqalaqis mazraSi 29 xmo
sani. mTavroba Semovida TviTmmarTvelobis komisiaSi am winadadebiT
da sTxovs damfuZnebel krebas daamtkicos Semdegi dekreti (kiTxu
lobs): proeqti dekretisa borCalos mazraSi...
Tavmjdomare. ukacraod. es zogad msjelobis Semdeg. vis surs si
tyva? aravis. gadavdivarT muxlobriv ganxilvaze. gTxovT waikiTxoT
pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls. kenWis yriT muxli miRe
bulia).
536
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxlSi gaxlavT Semotanili social-demokra
tiul fraqciis winadadeba. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs WiabriSvils.
andria WiabriSvili. im cifirebis Tanaxmad, romlebic aq momxsen
ebelma gagvacno, TiTo arCeulze amomrCeveli aris 3576 kaci. radga
nac qalaqebic Sedian saerobo organizaciebSi da maTac unda hyavdeT
TavianTi warmomadgenlebi da axalqalaqSi ki scxovrobs daaxlovebiT
6526 kaci, amitom maT mouwevT 2 warmomadgeneli, da saWiro aris Cveni
fraqciis azriT, rom ueWvelad iyos es garemoeba naxsenebi, rom axal
cixis mazraSi mcxovreblebma airCion 2 warmomadgeneli am erobaSi.
ai am mosazrebiT aris Semotanili es Sesworeba.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli sxva aravin aris. momxsenebelis
azri.
momxsenebeli ciskaraSvili. es Sesworeba, rasakvirvelia, saWiro
aris da mxolod SemTxveviT iyo gamoSvebuli im dekretidan, romelic
warmodgenilia.
saqme imaSi aris, saerobo debulebis me-131 muxlSi gansazRvru
li gaxlavT, rom xmosnebi unda iyvnen mazridan calke da qalaqidan
calke. roca komisia ixilavda am dekrets, gulisxmobda, rom swored
ase daiyofoda: rom qalaqs ergeboda amdeni da mazras kidev amdeni.
saerobo debulebaSi es aris gansazRvruli da amitom SeiZleba mi
viRoT.
radganac axalqalaqSi swored imdeni mcxovrebia, rogorc mogax
senaT WiabriSvilma, da TiTo amorCeulisaTvis saWiroa 3576 kacis xma
_ axalqalaqs ergeba ori kaci.
amitom Sesworeba misaRebia.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebisa? winaaRmdegi ar
avin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlis SesworebiT? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. mesame muxli miRebulia. proeqti mTlad miRebulia
da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi:
537
kanoni, romlis ZaliT, arakvalificiur mosamsaxures, romelsac, Sesa
Zlebelia wera-kiTxvac ki ar icodes, eniSneba 600 maneTi Tviurad, sof
lis maswavleblebis ZiriTadi jamagiri ki, amave dros aris 400 maneTi.
iciT, agreTve, Tu ra did da metad samZimo movaleobas eweva sax
alxo soflis maswavlebeli da ra cud pirobebSi uxdeba asruleba Ta
vis mZime da did movaleobisa. TiTqmis yvela Tqvengans uswavlia sof
lis skolaSi da kargad gecnobebaT is suraTi, romelsac warmoadgens
saxalxo skola. binebic ki, sadac mecadineoba warmoebs, metad sam
wuxaro suraTs warmoadgens: xSirad pirdaRebul kedlebSi zamTris
susxiani qari, TavisuflaT danavardobs da maswavlebeli, nabadSi
gaxveuli, an gaxunebul paltoSi, zis da Tavis movaleobas pirnaTlad
asrulebs. miuxedavaT am mZime mdgomareobisa saxalxo skolis maswav
lebeli moTminebiT itans am Tavis gaWirvebas, da mis ukmayofilo xmas
iSviaTad gaigonebs adamiani.
ruseTSi saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi skolebis maswav
leblebisaTvis SemoRebuli iyo xuT wleulebi xangrZlivi samsaxuri
saTvis, xolo saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi ki, gamotovebuli iyvnen
da maTTvis ar iyo xuT wleuliani jildo. yoveli xuTi wlis samsax
urisTvis iyo dawesebuli xuT wleuli. magaliTad, saSualo skolis
maswavlebeli, Tu is 5 w. imsaxurebda, miiRebda xuT wleul damate
bas; Semdegi xuTi wlis samsaxurisaTvis miiRebda meore xuT wleuls,
Semdeg mesamisa da meoTxes. ise rom, ruseTSi winaT oTxi xuTwleuli
damateba iyo. saqarTveloSi pirveli xuTwleuli maswavleblebs sam
saxuris dawyebisTanave eZleodaT. ase iyo imisTvis, rom amier kavkasia
privilegiur mxareT iTvleboda. moxelis ruseTidan amier-kavkasiaSi
da zogi sxva ganapira qveynebSi gagzavna sasjelad iTvleboda. da rom
es „sasjeli“ gamoesyidnaT, pirvel xuT wleuls Tavidanve aZlevdnen.
eg kanoni ar vrceldeba saxalxo skolis maswavleblebze, maTTvis ar
iyo SemoRebuli xuTwleuli damatebebi; ruseTis biurokratias saW
irod ar miaCnda saxalxo skolis maswavleblis Sromis dafaseba da
waxaliseba. demokratiul saqarTveloSi ar SeiZleba gavimeoroT is,
rac maSin xdeboda.
am mosazrebiT Cvenma saxalxo ganaTlebis saministrom, rom es us
amarTloba iyos gamosworebuli, Semoitana kanon-proeqti, romliTac
saxalxo skolis maswavlebelT unda daeniSnoT xuTwleuli damate
bebi. pirveli xuTwleuli daeniSnebaT dRidan samsaxuris dawyebisa
ise, rogorc saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi skolebis maswav
leblebs. marTalia xuTwleulis odenoba mcirea _ saministros wina
dadebiT da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis dadasturebiT TviTveu
li xuTwleuli damateba 240 maneTiT ganisazRvreba, _ magram Cvenis
azriT marto xuTwleulebiT ar SeiZleba sax. skolis maswavleblis
nivTieri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. amisTvis saWiroa sxva zomebi _
ZiriTadi jamagiris gadideba da sxva. xolo xuTwleuli erTgvar da
jildoebas Seadgens imisTvis, visac umsaxuria mTeli rigi wlebisa.
538
sabiujeto-safinanso komisia samarTlianad sTvlis saxalxo ga
naTlebis saministros winadadebas, rom, rogorc saSualo da umaRles
pirvel dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblebisTvis, ise saxalxo skolis
maswavleblebisTvisac dawesdes xuTwleuli damateba. sul, saminis
tros cnobebiT, Cven gvyvavs 2905 saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli. maTem
atikuri sisworiT gamoangariSeba im Tanxisa, romlis gaReba iqneba
saWiro respublikis xazinidan im damatebis gansaxorcieleblad,
romlebzedac mogaxseneT, aq SeuZlebelia, radgan eg Tanxa ueWvelad
meryevi iqneba. daaxlovebiT navaraudevia yovel wliurad 1,045,800
maneTi. saerTod ki yovel wlisaTvis calke unda iqnes gamoangariSe
buli xuTwleulebis mier gamowveul xarjebis dasafaravi Tanxa da
saerTo xarjT-aRricxvis wesiT gaRebuli. sabiujeto-safinanso komi
sias winadadeba Semoaqvs es kanon-proeqti miRebul iqmnes da Sevides
ZalaSi 1919 wlis 1 ianvridan.
Tavmjdomare. meore momxsenebeli SaraSiZis asuli.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia ar iz
iarebs im azrs, romelic miiRo sabiujeto da safinanso komisiam sax
alxo maswavleblebisaTvis 5-wleul damatebis dawesebis Sesaxeb. sax
alxo ganaTlebis komisias ufro samarTlianad miaCnia dawesdes ara
250 maneTi, aramed 400 maneTi da ai, ra mosazrebiT. sabiujeto da sa
finanso komisias ZiriTad jamagirad miaCnia is jamagiri, romelsac
iRebda maswavlebeli 50 proc. damatebamde. magram Cven viciT, rom
sxva dawesebulebebSi ZiriTad jamagirad iTvleba is jamagiri, ro
melic Sesdga mas aqeT, rac es 50 proc. damateba gatarda. Tu ZiriTad
jamagirad CavTvliT 600 maneTs Tviur jamagirs, romelsac miiReben am
damatebis gatarebis ZaliT saxalxo maswavleblebi, maSin raodenoba
5-wleul damatebisa amis mixedviT, unda gadidebul iqnes: Tu aviRebT
5 proc., rogorc dawesebulia 5 w. damateba saSualo da pirvel-daw
yebiT umaRles saswavleblebisTvis, maSin saxalxo skolis maswavle
belma unda miiRos Tviurad ara 240 man. rogorc daadgina sabiujeto
komisiam, aramed 360 maneTi. saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiam, romlis azr
sac am SemTxvevaSi albad saxalxo ganaTlebis saministroc gaiziarebs
da daeTanxmeba, saWirod dainaxavs, rom es Tanxa gamrgvalebuli iyos,
da sasurvelad miiCnia dawesdes nacvlad 240 m. 400 maneTi 5-wleuli
damateba saxalxo maswavleblebisTvis.
safinanso komisiam aRniSna, rom is pativs scems saxalxo skolis
maswavleblebs im mZime movaleobis SesrulebisTvis, romelic mas
kisrad awevs marTlac mZime saxalxo skolis maswavleblis tvirTi.
mgoni ar aris arc erTi dawesebuleba, arc erTi dargi cxorebisa, sa
dac aseT pirobebSi uxdebodeT mosamsaxureebs muSaoba, rogorc sax
alxo maswavlebels. Tu isini udrtvinvelad itandnen dRemdis am md
gomareobas, Tu imaTi xma ase naklebad ismoda, me mgonia es garemoeba
gvavalebs metis yuradRebiT movepyraT imaT da gansakuTrebuli pa
tiviscemiT aRvniSnoT es Cveni yuradReba saxalxo maswavleblisad
539
mi. dRes Tu ara _ xval gatarebuli iqneba sayovelTavo ganaTlebis
proeqti CvenSi da saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli bevri dagvWirdeba.
Cven viciT, rom dRes am asparezs gaurbodnen uniWieresi, da ufro
meti unariT dajildovebuli pirebi. gaurbodnen am saqmes imitom,
rom nivTieri mdgomareoba maswavleblebisa metis metaT Seviwroe
bulia. aseT mdgomareobaSi kulturuli cxovrebac ki SeuZlebeli
iyo. aviRoT Tu gnebavT is 5 wleulebi, romlebsac vawesebT Cven sof
lis maswavleblebisTvis. aq aRniSnes, rom jer kidev ruseTis mflo
belobis dros arsebobda iseTi 5 wleulebi, im drosac iyo Segneba
rom tvirTi saxalxo maswavleblisa gansakuTrebiT mZimea, rom es
saqme moiTxovs mis aRmsruleblisagan gansakuTrebiT did ZalRones.
amitom iyo, rom maswavleblisTvis dawesebuli iyo es 5 weli. am xuT
wleuli damatebiT Cven gvinda saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli wavax
alisoT. gvinda movizidoT am asparezze saukeTeso Zalebi da SevqnaT
namdvili saxalxo skola, da ara imis aCrdili da landi, rogorc
dRemdis iyo, magram am damatebiT, romelic gansazRvrulia safinan
so komisiis mier, saxalxo maswavlebeli me mgonia erT gazeTsac ver
iyidis dReSi, rom gaigos ra xdeba qveyanaze. metis metad mcirea es
damateba, da srulebiT samarTliani iqneba, rom Cven davawesoT 400
maneTi nacvlaT 240 maneTisa. safinanso komisiis warmomadgeneli am
bobs, rom 5 wleulebis raodenobis gansazRvris sakiTxi ar unda dau
kavSiros dRevandel siZvires, rom ar unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi is
pirobebi, romelnic dRes suls gvixuTaven, vinaidgan es 5 wleule
bi wesdeba ara sami an ori wliT, aramed ufro xangrZliv droisaT
vis. amasTanave dasZens, rom dRevandel pirobebis Sesamsubuqeblad
saxelmwifom sxva gvar damatebiT unda uSvelos maswavlebelTo. ma
gram Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom es „sxvagvari damateba“ jer-jero
biT maswavleblebisTvis ar aris. Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom isic ki,
rac iyo kanonmdeblobiTi gziT gatarebuli maswavleblebis Sesaxeb,
isic ar miuRiaT maswavlebelT. da rom isini xmas ar iReben, es ar
niSnavs imas, rom isini kmayofilni arian. Cven ar vaZlevT maT ara
viTar SeRavaTs sxvagvar damatebis saxiT da am xuT-wleul damate
basac metis-metad vukvecavT. me mgonia, rom am 5-wleul damatebas
didi zneobrivi mniSvnelobac eqneba. es, rogorc aRvniSne kidevac,
waaxalisebs maswavlebelT. garda amisa xalxis TvalSiac meti pativ
iscema eqnebaT imaT, visac saxelmwifo ufro Rirseulad daafasebs.
da Tu Cven, kanonmdeblobiTi dawesebuleba, ver movepyrobiT mas
wavlebels jerovanad, isini damcirdebian TavianT TvalSiac da im
xalxis TvalSiac, romlis Svilebis aRmzrdelaT mowodebulni ari
an. amitom, saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia Suamdgomlobs, rom saxalxo
maswavleblebisaTvis dawesdes xuT-wleuli ara 240, aramed 400 mane
Ti. danarCenSi saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia iziarebs safinanso komi
siis azrs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs lasxiSvils.
540
giorgi lasxiSvili (s.-f.). moqalaqeno! am kaTedridan, rasakvir
velia zedmeti aris laparaki saxalxo skolis mniSvnelobaze da sax
alxo maswavleblebis daniSnulebaze.
Cvens respublikaSi SeiZleba ar iyo udidesi da uwmindaesi saqme,
vidre saxalxo ganaTlebis gavrceleba. Cven amas kargad vgrZnobT da
amisTvis saministroSi muSavdeba didi proeqti, sayovelTao saxalxo
swavla-ganaTlebis SemoRebisTvis. amisTana didi saqmisTvis didi mza
deba aris saWiro.
unda vsTqvaT, rom dRes saxalxo skolis mdgomareoba moSlil
ia da daqsaqsuli. saqme imaSia, rom is jamagiri, romelic hqondaT
saxalxo maswavleblebs, iseTi mcire iyo, iseT unugeSo mdgomareo
baSi Caayena saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi, rom bevri kargi maswav
lebeli CamoSorda sofels, wavida da sxva saqmes eweva. exla aseTi
saqme bevri aris. Cven rom axali skolis gaxsna gvindoda, imisTvis
dabrkoleba iyo imaSi, rom saxalxo maswavlebels versad vSoulob
diT. axla did reformis gatarebisTvis aucileblad saWiro iqneba
didi kadri maswavleblebisa da kargi maswavleblebi, gaqceulebi
unda davabrunoT, movizidoT sofelSi. da axali kadris SeqmnisTvis
saWiro aris ekstraordinaluri zoma, saSualeba. me vfiqrob, rom es
saSualeba aris swored is damateba, romelic ar hqondaT winad sax
alxo maswavleblebs.
magram me vfiqrob, rom 5-wleuli damateba ar aris is ekstraor
dinaluri da mizanSewonili zoma, romelic did saqmisaTvis saWiro
aris, da rodesac Cven gvqonda winad saministroSi muSaoba, bevri
mowveuli pirebi im azrisa iyvnen, rom CvenTvis exla, am momentSi,
am saqmis gamosworebisTvis, saWiro aris sxva zomebs mivmarToT, _
davawesoT ara xuTwleuli, aramed 3-wleuli damateba. es damatebe
bi, sam-wleuli da zogan or-wleulic, arsebobs zogierT demokrati
ul qveynebSi. Tu sam-wliani damatebis wesi miRebuli iqneba, SeiZleba
sTqvan, rom es sxvagvari wesi aris, radgan saSualo saswavleblebSi
5-wleulebi aris, aq ki erTgvari gamoyofa iqneba, erTgvari priv
ilegia Seiqneba saxalxo skolisTvis. amis pasuxad unda iTqvas, rom
saxalxo skolas dRes ar awyens aseTi privilegia. Tu ara da ratom
ar SeiZleba saSualo skolis maswavleblebisTvisac dawesdes sam-
wliani damateba? yovel SemTxvevaSi Tu raime mosazrebiT 3-wliani
damateba ar iqneba miRebuli, _ maSin rasakvirvelia, Cven mxari unda
davuWiroT im Sesworebas, romelic gamosTqva saxalxo ganaTlebis
komisiam. aq meti emateba. magram me ki vfiqrob, rom es saqme ukeTesad
gadawydes im droSi, romelSiac Cven vcxovrobT, _ umjobesi iqneba
3-wleulis damatebis SemoReba. da Tu amas gaiziarebT, moviTxov, rom
es kanon-proeqti daubrundes isev saskolo komisias. man ganixilos
orive SesaZlebloba: an sam-wliani damateba, an momatebis jamis ga
dideba da amnairad gadamuSavebuli proeqti warmoadginos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
541
ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! me unda mogaxsenoT safinanso sabiu
jeto komisiis azri amis Sesaxeb. es sakiTxi irCeoda safinanso sabiu
jeto komisiaSi, da iqac iyo winadadeba ganaTlebis komisiisa, rom
dawesebuli yofiliyo ara 240 man. xuTwleuli damateba, aramed 400
maneTiani. damfuZnebel krebis wevrma SaraSiZem aRniSna, rom aq erT
gvari procentiuli norma aris aRebuli. saSualos da umaRles pir
vel dawyebiTi skolebis maswavleblebisTvis xuTwleuli damatebaT
naangariSevia 5 proc. ZiriTad jamagirisa; swored aseTive wesi iyo
gamoangariSebuli saxalxo skolebis maswavlebelTaTvisac xuTwleu
li damateba. magram aq meore kiTxva iyo aRZruli ganaTlebis komisiis
momxseneblis mier. es is, rom sabiujeto safinanso komisiam ZiriTad
jamagirad CaTvala 400 maneTi, ese igi winandeli jamagiri. am ukanask
nelaT Cven eg ZiriTadi jamagiri gavadideT 50%-iT, e. i. 600 maneTad
gavxadeT. q-ni SaraSiZe moiTxovs, rom eg ukanaskneli 600 m. iqnes miRe
buli ZiriTad jamagiraT. am cifris 5% Seadgens 360 man., xolo ganaT
lebis komisia ki 400 maneTian xuTwleulebis SemoRebas moiTxovs.
magram, Cven rom am gzas davadgeT da ZiriTad jamagirad CavT
valoT 50%-iT gadidebuli jamagirebi, maSin amisdamixedviT unda
xuTwleuli damatebebi saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi
skolebis maswavleblebsac, ese igi unda SevcvaloT is kanon-proeq
ti, romelic sul ramdenime xnis winaT iqmna miRebuli Cvens mier. me
mogaxseneT Cem moxsenebaSi, rom SeuZlebelia vebrZoloT dRevandel
soflis maswavleblebis autanel nivTier mdgomareobas xuTwleuli
damatebiT. Tu ki Cven vgrZnobT, rom imdenad mZime da autanelia sax.
skolis maswavleblis nivTieri mdgomareoba, rom arsebul jamagire
biT maT ar SeuZlianT cxovreba, ratom ar SeiZleba SemoviRoT siZ
viris mier gamowveuli damateba? xolo xuTwleulebis siZviresTan
dakavSireba ar iqneba mizanSewonili, radgan xuTwleulebis kanoni
iwereba ara marto siZviris droisaTvis; misi moqmedeba gacilebiT
ufro xangrZlivi iqneba, vinem siZvire. me eWvi ar mepareba damf. kre
bis wevris amx. SaraSiZis gancxadebaSi, rom ganaTlebis saministroc
ar aris momxre xuTwleulebis 400 maneTamde gadidebis, magram ganaT
lebis saministro warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi 240 maneTiani xuT
wleulebis SemoRebis winadadebas iZleva da ara 400 maneTianis. Cven
ar SegviZlia vixelmZRvaneloT zepiri gancxadebiT, rodesac Cven
xelT aris werilobiTi sabuTi.
rac Seexeba damfuZnebel krebis wevris moqalaqe lasxiSvilis
winadadebas, rom SemoRebul iqnes ara xuT wleuli damateba, aramed
sam wleuli, amis Sesaxeb Semdegi unda mogaxsenoT: im masalebidan, ro
melic Tan axlda am kanon-proeqts, sCans, rom winaT yofila laparaki
sam wleul damatebaze. magram amis winaaRmdeg wasulan saxelmwifo
kontroliori da finansTa ministric; erTic da meorec emxrobian xuT
wleul damatebas da ara sam wleuls. mosazreba maTi ufro formalu
ri xasiaTisaa, _ es gulaxdilad unda vaRiaro. maTis ganmartebiT sam
542
wleuli damateba arsad ar arsebobs, da risTvis mainc da mainc Cven
unda SemoviRoTo. principialurad me ar var winaaRmdegi sam wleul
damatebis SemoRebisa, magram praqtikulaT misi ganxorcieleba did
uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs: saxeldobr, Tu saxalxo skolebis maswavle
belTaTvis SemoviRebT sam wleul damatebas, maSin saSualo da uma
Rles pirvel dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblebisTvis unda SemoviRoT
sam wliuri damateba, nacvlad xuT wleulisa, es ki niSnavs arsebul
sistemis gardaqmnas, rac did drosa da Sromas moiTxovs. aman SeiZle
ba arev-darevac Seitanos. SeiZleba amiTac xelmZRvanelobden finans
Ta ministri da saxelmwifo kontroliori, romelnic ar eTanxmebian
sam wleul damatebas da icavden xuT wleuls. amis garda im miznis mis
aRwevad, romelic damfuZnebel krebis wevrma lasxiSvilma dagvixa
ta, verc sam wleuli damateba iqneba sakmarisi, moqal. lasxiSvilis
azriT. saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi, Tu maT sam wleul damatebebs
dauwesebT, pedagogiur moRvaweobas ar gaeqcevian da sxva ufro did
jamagirebiani adgilebis Zebnas ar dauwyeben; am nairaT Cven skolaSi
SerCeba gamocdili da saqmis kargaT mcodne maswavleblebi. me mgonia,
rom Cven am zomiT verc gaqceuls davabrunebT, verc gaqcevis msur
velT davikavebT.
Cemis azriT amisTvis saWiro aris ufro radikaluri zoma: gadide
ba ZiriTad jamagirisa. me vfiqrob amas saTanado yuradRebas miaqcevs
ganaTlebis saministro da Sesafer kanon-proeqts Tavis droze Semoi
tans. rogorc mogexsenebaT am mokle droSi unda SemoviRoT sayovel
Tao ufaso swavleba, amas dasWirdeba didi ricxvi maswavleblebisa,
rom maswavlebelTa sakmao ricxvi gveyolos, saWiroa iseTi ZiriTa
di jamagiris daweseba, romelic uzrunvelyofda maswavlebels. rac
unda Zlieri hqondes kacs pedagogiuri mowodeba, igi maswavleblo
bas mainc ar irCevs, Tu eg mas simSils da mudam gaWirvebul nivTier
mdgomareobas uqadis. yvela zemo moyvanil mosazrebebis gamo me wi
naaRmdegi var SevscvaloT ukve arsebuli sistema xuT wleulebisa sam
wleulebis axali sistemaze. me vicav sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis
dadgenilebas: dawesdes xuT wleuli damatebebi; TviTeuli damateba
ganisazRvros 240 maneTiT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebls SaraSiZis asuls.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. (s.-d.) sruliad samarTlianad aRniS
navs b-ni WavWaniZe, rom sakmarisi ar aris xuTiwliuris raodenobaSi
gadideba saxalxo maswavleblebis mdgomareobis ZiriTad gaumjobe
sobisaTvis. magram, rac unda iyos, me mgoni cotaodenad mainc ukeTesi
iqneba mdgomareoba am maswavleblebisa Tu nacvlad 240 maneTisa isini
miiReben 400 man. xuTiwleul damatebaT. marTalia, dRevandel siZ
vireSi amas TiTqmis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, magram 400 man.
TiTqmis orjel metia 240 maneTze. b. WavWaniZis am sabuTiT Cven Segve
Zlo gveTqva rom 240 maneTs ara aqvs mniSvneloba da sruliad zedme
tia, xuTi wleul damatebis SemoReba saxalxo maswavleblebisaTvis.
543
rac Seexeba xuT procentul momatebas, roca saskolo komisiam
daadgina 400 maneTi nacvlad 240 man. maSin sxvaTa Soris es principi
5% damatebisa uaryofil iqna, xuTi procenti metis metad cvalebadi
ricxvi gamova dRevandel mdgomareobaSi. dRes rom ZiriTadi jamagi
ri aris 400 maneTi Tviurad, xval SeiZleba 600 gaxdes, an kidev metad
gaizardos. maSin Cven unda SevcvaloT raodenoba xuTwleulisa. Tu
sasurvelia, rom xuTwleuli damateba ufro xangrZlivi droisTvis
iyos dawesebuli, maSin unda aviRoT ara procenti, aramed unda ga
davwyvitoT da ganvsazRvroT, rom xuTwleuli damateba unda iyos
amdeni da amdeni maneTi. maSin ufro xangrZlivi xasiaTi SeiZleba
hqondes am damatebas. rac Seexeba imas, rom sayovelTao ganaTlebis
SemoRebisaTvis saWiro zomebi iqneba miRebuli momavalSi da maswav
leblis mdgomareoba gaumjobesdeba, aseTi gadaWra sakiTxisa didi
usamarTloba iqneba maswavleblebis mimarT. mitom rom is, rac mo
mavalSi moxdeba, dRes maswavleblebs ver uSvelis. Cven dRes ufro
metsa da mets vTxovT maswavleblebs da gvinda gvqondes ufleba am
moTxovnisa. rodesac aseTi naklebi pativiscemiT movepyrobiT mas
wavleblobas, vumatebT sxva dawesebulebebs mets, amaT naklebs va
ZlevT, radganac metis mets mcire jamagirs iReben da xuTwleebsac
aseTis dazogvid vaZlevT, ufleba ara gvaqvs movsTxovoT maT is, rac
marTlac moeTxovebaT. saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros Tvalsazri
si swored iseTive unda iyos da am mxriv winaaRmdegoba komisiisa da
uwyebis azrs Sua sruliad ar aris mosalodneli. me kvlav vSuamdgom
lob, rom dawesebul iqnas 400 man. xuT-wleuli damateba da ara 240 m.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad pirveli ganxilva dasrulebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? winaaRm
degi aravin aris. maSasadame miRebulia da muxlobrivi ganxilva iqne
ba Semdeg sxdomaze.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: SekiTxva social-revoliucionerebisa
Sinagan saqmeTa da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT gaficvisTvis qalaqis
mosamsaxureTa gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.
mdivani (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis teqsts).
Tavmjdomare. rogorc mogxsendaT, es SekiTxva saswrafoa. sis
wrafis dasacavad sityvas mivcem damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Senge
laias. Tqven gankargulebaSi gaxlavT mxolod aTi wuTi.
544
SekiTxva socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa Sinagan
da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT gaficvisaTvis qalaqis
mosamsaxureTa gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.
leo Sengelaia (s.-r.). batonebo! Cven moviTxovT, rom Cven mier Se
motanili SekiTxva damfuZnebel krebam ganixilos saswrafod. Cven am
SekiTxvis Semotana ufro adre gvindoda, magram Cven angariSs uwe
vdiT or garemoebas, erTis mxriv Cven ar gvindoda Sinaur frontze
brZola gagveCaRebina maSin, rodesac gareSe Zala ultimatumebs gvi
yenebda, meores mxriv Cven velodiT mTavrobis nabijebs. Cven gvego
na, rom mTavroba gamonaxavda Seqmnil mdgomareobidan racionalur
gamosavals, gvegona mTavroba am saqmes ise moagvarebda, rogorc
Seefereba socialistur damfuZnebel krebas da mis mier dayenebul
mTavrobas, magram Cvenda samwuxarod, es Cveni molodini ar gamarTl
da. qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxureebi saSinel mdgomareobas
ganicdian, administraciis ukanono zomebis gamo nawili gadasaxle
bulia da nawili maTi quCaSi aris gamoyrili. Cven gvgonia, rom dam
fuZnebeli kreba amis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv iqoniebs msjelobas.
Tavmjdomare. batono, niniZe, Tqven winaaRmdeg gsurT?
niniZe (adgilidan): Cveni fraqcia Tanaxma aris!
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdeg sityva, aSkara aris, aravis ar surs. ma
Sasadame SekiTxva saswrafod aris miRebuli.
545
Cven vicodiT, rom arc erTs mTavrobas Tavis deklaracia cxovre
baSi ar gautarebia. Cven vicodiT, rom arc erT mTavrobas Tavisi da
pireba savsebiT ar Seusrulebia, magram ar gvegona, ar gvjeroda, rom
socialisturi mTavroba Jordaniasi iqamdisin mividoda, rom damSeul
qalaqis muSebs cixeSi ukravda Tavs, mxolod imitom rom isini gaif
icnen, mxolod imitom rom maT jamagiris momateba moiTxoves (xmauro
ba). (xma: es namdvili demagogia aris!) im mTavrobam, romelmac am tri
bunidan ganacxada, rom igi ivlis damfuZnebel krebis karnaxiT, rom
imuSavebs revoliuciis dasagvirgvineblad da revoliuciis monapo
varTa gasamtkiceblad, isic ki ver SesZlo, rom Tavis deklaraciis
yvelaze ufro elementaruli muxlebi cxovrebaSi gaetarebina. da ai,
Sedegebic revoliuciis gafarToebis nacvlad Cven gvaqvs gafarToeba
represiebisa. demokratiis monapovarTa ganmtkicebis magivrad Cven
gvaqvs ganmtkiceba administratiul TviTnebobisa.
amas wined, social-demokratiuli gazeTi „borba“, Tavis mk
Txvelebs umtkicebda, rom CvenSi yvelaze ufro revoliucionu
ri da memarcxene partia social-demokratia ariso. warmoidgineT
es memarcxene partia ise gamarcxenda, rom TviT uzomieres nacio
nal-demokratebze marjvniT gadixara da dRes misi locva-kurTx
eviT Cveni mTavroba iseTive saSualebiT ebrZvis gaficvebs, ra sa
SualebiTac ebrZoda gaficvebs winaT Zveli mTavroba, rodesac am
gaficvebs xelmZRvanelobda TiTon social-demokratia. samwux
arod Cvenda, Cven aq unda gavimeoroT is, rac ara erTxel gviTqvams.
dRes social-demokratiis moRvaweobaSi ar aris ra socialistu
ri, arc revoliucionuri da arc demokratiuli. pirdapir unda
iTqvas, dRes saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi aris fraqcia nacio
nal-demokratebis, erTi mraval ricxovani, meore mcire ricxovani.
sxva gansxvaveba maT Soris arsebiTi ar aris. vinaidan aSkara aris,
rom is social-demokratia, romelic dRes ebRauWeba istoriul saz
Rvrebs, romelmac daakanona mudmivi reguliaruli jari monarqiuli
wesdebiT, is social-demokratia, romelmac miwa, xalxis avla-dide
ba auqcionSi gayida, _ arafriT ganirCeva nacional-demokratebisa
gan. gasakvirveli ar aris, Tu social-demokratia Tavis administra
tiul praqtikaSic baZavs nacional-demokratias da masTan erTad
gaficvebs ebrZvis. es sruli aliansi social demokratebisa da nacio
nal-demokratebisa Cven davinaxeT sxvaTa Soris qalaqis TviTmarTve
lobaSi. iq b. goTuam sruli kmayofileba gamosTqva im zomebis gamo,
romelic miiRo social-demokratiam TviTmarTvelobis mosamsaxu
reebis gaficvis winaaRmdeg. social-revoliucionerTa fraqcias Ta
vis revoliucionur movaleobad miaCnia damfuZnebel krebis maRali
yuradReba vrclad SeaCeros im saSinel usamarTlobaze da ukanono
baze, romelic Caidina erTis mxriv qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam da meo
res mxriT Cvenma administraciam, qalaqis gaficul mosamsaxureebis
546
mimarT. saqmis faqtiuri viTareba albad bevr Tqvengans ecodineba, es
viTareba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT daicvaT siCume!
Sengelaia. mogexsenebaT daaxlovebiT ianvridan qalaqis mosam
saxureebis, sxva da sxva seqciebSi Tavi iCina, aSkara ukmayofilobam.
es ukmayofileba gamowveul iyo im mZime nivTier mdgomareobiT, ro
melSiac imyofebodnen qalaqis mosamsaxureebi. saqme imaSia, rom qa
laqis mosamsaxureebi 2-3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ver Rebulobdnen siste
matiurad jamagirs. es xdeboda rogorc SarSan, ise am welsac. bolos
da bolos rodesac mosamsaxureebma moTmineba dakarges, maT mimarTes
TavianT aRmasrulebel komitets, da sTxoves rom mas mieRo saswrafo
zomebi. aRmasrulebelma komitetma adgilobriv gamoirkvia mdgo
mareoba, da gaecno mosamsaxureebis mdgomareobas, da rodesac dar
wmunda, rom mosamsaxureebis mdgomareoba marTlac autaneli iyo,
misca winadadeba qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, moexdina SeerTebuli
sxdoma. es SeerTebuli sxdoma qalaqis gamgeobisa da aRmasruleb
el komitetisa moxda pirvel marts. am sxdomaze aRmasrulebelma
komitetma wamoayena mTeli rigi zomebisa. is moiTxovda rom gamgeo
bas mieRo saswrafo zomebi, sxvaTa Soris aRmasrulebelma komitetma
moiTxova, rom am saqmeSi Careoda mTavroba, da momxdariyo Tanabari
ganawileba xarjebis qalaqis sabWos da mTavrobis Soris. qalaqis
gamgeobam yvela es zomebi uaryo da Tavis mxriv daumata, yvela es
beletristika aris da saqmes ver uSveliso. 2 marts, moxda delegat
Ta yriloba, romelmac moismina sxva da sxva seqciebis mier gamotani
li rezoliuciebi, moismina agreTve moxseneba qalaqis gamgeobisa da
aRmasrulebel komitetisa Soris momxdar molaparakebis Sesaxeb da
Semdeg daadgina, rom moexdina mSvidobiani gaficva. 8 marts es dad
genileba ganixila profesionalurma sabWom da daadatura. mosamsax
ureTa mZime mdgomareoba, vidre es sxdoma moxdeboda, aRmasrulebel
komitetma vrceli moxseneba warmoudgina profesionalur sabWos,
ris Semdeg man daadastura autaneli nivTieri mdgomareoba mosam
saxureebisa da aRiara, rom saWiroa zomebis miReba. 18 marts moxda
oficialuri sxdoma profesionalur sabWoSi, man dagmo mosamsaxu
reebis gaficva, man uwoda dezorganizatoruli da miuwoda mosam
saxureebs wesierebisTvis, Tavis mxriv aRmasrulebel komitets daav
ala mowveva saswrafo sxdomisa mosamsaxureebisa. 23 marts moxda es
saswrafo sxdoma mosamsaxureebisa. am krebas daeswro 1200 mosamsax
ureze meti, daeswren Sromis saministros, qalaqis gamgeobis da pro
fesionalur sabWos warmomadgenelni. am sxdomaze qalaqis gamgeobis
pasuxi iyo Semdegi: qalaqis gamgeoba umtkicebda, rom mas fuli ara
aqvs da verc iSovis axlo momavalSi fuls; Semdeg umtkicebda, rom es
gaficva uazroa da ufro gaarTulebs mdgomareobas. rodesac es pa
suxi moismina krebam, TiTqmis erTxmad daadgina gamoecxadebina mSvi
547
dobiani ekonomiuri gaficva. amis pasuxad qalaqis sabWom 25 marts
gamoitana Tavis istoriuli dadgenileba, sadac sweria: vinaidan
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobis mosamsaxureTa nawilis mier gamocxadebu
li gaficva mimarTulia demokr. TviTmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg da ar
aris mizanSewonili. sabWo adgens: 1) mieces winadadeba gaficulT
Seudgnen muSaobas 27 marts dilis 9 saaTidan, 2) vinc ar gamocxadde
ba, Tavis nebiT samsaxuridan gasulad CaiTvleba da 3) saavadmyofos
gaficulebi mieces pasuxis gebaSi.
26-27 marts moxda delegatTa yriloba, iqmna msjeloba qalaqis
sabWos rezoliuciaze da daadgina moiTxovos, 25 martis sabWos dad
genilebis gauqmeba da niSnad protestisa, _ gaaZlieros gaficva. 28
marts, rogorc mogexsenebaT, moxda muSaTa parlamentis sxdoma. mu
SaTa sabWom social-demokratebis gavleniT, dagmo mosamsaxuree
bis gaficva, viTarca antidemokratiuli. (xmauroba) (diax, diax! so
cial-demokratebis xmebi).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT daicvaT siCume!
l. Sengelaia. swored am dRidan iwyeba sastiki represiebi gafi
cul mosamsaxureebis winaaRmdeg: 28 marts saRamos dapatimrebul
iqmnen ramdenime piri. 28 martidan 6 aprilamdi dapatimrebul iqnen
Semdegi pirebi qalaqis mosamsaxureebidan (kiTxulobs): cercvaZe,
xvalisi, kulikovi, meliqovisa, miteli, kikaliSvili, jorbenaZe,
kareci, xudadovi da sxv. 30 marts qalaqis gamgeobam ganacxada:
„vinaidan qalaqis mosamsaxureebi Tanaxmad 25 martis dadgenilebisa
daTxovnili arian, msurvelebs SeuZlianT daubrundnen muSaobas da
amisTvis Semoitanon sam aprilamdi Txovna. miReba moxdeba saerTo
wesiT,“ xolo 2 aprils gamgeobam gamoakra rigebi jamagirebis miRe
bis Sesaxeb. 2 aprils moxda saswrafo sxdoma delegatTa yrilobisa,
romelmac iqonia msjeloba Seqmnil mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da daad
gina, vinaidan gamgeobam ukve daiwyo jamagirebis darigeba, gaficvis
mizani SeiZleba mixweulad CaiTvalos da SeiZleba gaficva moxsnan.
mxolod moiTxoves, rom yvela dapatimrebuli ganTavisuflebuli yo
filiyvnen. 3 aprils delegatTa yrilobaze gamocxadda qalaqis Tavi
da man ganacxada, rom koleqtiurad mosamsaxureebis ukan miReba Seu
Zlebelia, man ganmarta, rom zogierTi piri aris dapatimrebuli mis
pirad gankargulebiT. rac Seexeba 25 martis dadgenilebas, qalaqis
Tavma ganacxada, rom movaled sTvlis Tavis Tavs, rom es dadgenile
ba cxovrebaSi gaataros. miuxedavad aseT kategoriul gancxadebi
sa, delegatTa yrilobam daadgina, moixsnas gaficva, koleqtiurad
daubrundnen muSaobas da moiTxoves dapatimrebulTa ganTavisufle
ba da garantia imisa, rom gaficvisaTvis aravin dasjili ar iqneba.
amis sapasuxod qalaqis gamgeobam gamoitana dadgenileba, sadac acxa
debda, rom delegatTa yrilobis rezoliuciaSi moyvanili motive
bi marTali ar aris. jamagirebs imitom ki ar arigeben, rom gaficvis
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SeeSindaT, rom koleqtiuri miReba mosamsaxureebisa ewinaaRmdegeba
qalaqis sabWos dadgenilebaso da sxva.
amnairad mosamsaxureebis winaSe yvela gzebi daketili Seiqm
na, qalaqis gamgeoba irwmuneboda, rom fuli aRar gvaqvso, magram
rogorc mogexsenebaT, 2 aprils qalaqis gamgeoba ukve Seudga ja
magiris darigebas. ekonomiur gaficvas yovelgvari mniSvneloba
da azri daekarga da maSin daadgines moeTxovaT mosamsaxureebi
mieRoT, magram gamgeoba uarze iyo, fulebs ki arigebda, maSasadame
es motivic moixsna. da raki mojadoebul wreSi moeqcnen mosamsaxu
reebi, maT mimarTes ukanasknel saSualebas profesionalur sabWos
da sTxoves, rom is Careuliyo am saqmeSi da mieRo TavisTavze
gaficvis likvidaciis iniciativa. profesionalur sabWom iqonia
msjeloba amis Sesaxeb da miiRo dadgenileba, rom mas ar SeuZlian
TavisTavze aiRos likvidaciis iniciativa. mxolod Tu mosamsax
ureni aRiareben, rom maTi pozicia Semcdari iyo da TiTon gaficva
uazro iyo, im SemTxvevaSi CavereviT da miviRebT saTanado zomeb
so. ra Tqma unda, aseTi ara-demokratiuli, ara-amxanaguri pozicia
mosamsaxureebs ver daakmayofilebda. delegatTa yrilobam iqonia
amaze msjeloba da daadgina TiTqmis erTxmad _ moxsnas gaficva da
koleqtiurad samsaxurs Tavi daanebon. es delegatTa yrilobis
dadgenileba daadastura saerTo krebam 7 aprils. aseTia mokle
istoria gaficvisa. aq TavisTavad ibadeba kiTxva: ram gamoiwvia
es gaficva, ra iyo misi mizani? umTavresi mosazreba, romliTac
amarTlebdnen da amarTleben gaficvis winaaRmdeg miRebul repre
siul zomebs gaxlavT is, rom TiTqos gaficvas politikuri xas
iaTi hqonda (xmauroba. Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, nu uSliT ora
tors). Cven gadavaTvaliereT mTeli masala, romelic moipoveba am
gaficvis Sesaxeb, gadavaTvaliereT yvela rezoliuciebi, sxva da
sxva sxdomebis angariSebi, krebebis oqmebi da kategoriulad vacxa
debT, rom gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonia. Cven amaSi davr
wmundebiT, Tu ganvixilavT im mosazrebebs, romlebic mohyavT imis
dasamtkiceblad, rom TiTqo gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqonda.
am mxriv sainteresoa gazeT „borbas“ pozicia. gazeT „borbas“ 68 no
merSi sweria: „Ясно для всякаго должно быть и то, что эта забастовка, какъ
форма экономической борьбы не имѣетъ никакого смысла. Остается такимъ
образомъ допустить, что забастовка городскихъ служащихъ преслѣдуетъ не
экономическiя, а политическiя цѣли“.
es debuleba, es mosazreba borbisa ar aris dasabuTebuli arc
loRikurad, arc faqtiurad, „borba“ Tavis SexedulobaSi sarge
blobs geometriul meTodiT egreT wodebuli доказательствомъ отъ
противнаго. mas udaoT miaCnia, rom es gaficva uazro aris rogorc
ekonomiuri, maSasadame, es politikuri ariso. magram unda mogax
senoT, rom „borbas“ msjelobaSi araviTari loRikuri kavSiri ar
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aris. am loRikiT rom vimsjeloT, yvelafris damtkiceba SegviZlian.
SegviZlian vsTqvaT dRes, raki social-demokratebi ar amyareben so
cialistur weswyobilebas, maSasadame soc.-dem. anarqistebi ariano.
saqme imaSi ki ar aris, rogor uyurebs „borba“ am gaficvas, saqme imaSi
aris, rogor uyureben am gaficvas mosamsaxureni, hqonda Tu ara maT
TvalSi gaficvas azri. am mxriv Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom maT TvalSi
am gaficvas sruli azri hqonda. isini ambobdnen: „marTalia, qalaqs
fuli ara aqvs, viciT rom kasaSi araferi aris da Cven arc vibrZviT
cariel kasis winaaRmdeg, magram Cven vibrZviT im indiferentizmis
winaaRmdeg, romelsac iCens qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeoba. Cven
darwmunebuli varT, rom Tu qalaqis sabWom moindoma mas SeuZlian
miiRos saTanado zomebi“. sxvaTa Soris asaxelebdnen rom mTavrobas
SeeZlo Carevoda am saqmeSi, daxmareba gaewia; miT ufro rom qalaq
ma gaiRo iseTi xarjebi, romelSiac saxelmwifo arsebiTad dainter
eseuli aris, da romelic marto qalaqis saqme ar aris _ mag. brZola
epidemiasTan _ es xom marto qalaqis saqme ar aris, amis xarjebi marto
qalaqs ar unda daawves. ase rom es mosazreba srulebiT dasabuTebu
li ar aris. sxvaTa Soris saintereso sabuTi, _ Tu SeiZleba mas sabu
Ti uwodoT, _ moiyvana koniaSvilma 28 maiss muSaTa sabWos sxdomaze.
man moiyvana Semdegi mosazreba: 1) imis damamtkicebeli, rom gaficvas
politikuri xasiaTi hqonda, koniaSvilma moiyvana aseTi sabuTi: muSa
rebruxma ganacxada, rom gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqondao. es
aris erTi mosazreba. 2 mosazreba gaxlavT is, rom baqos proletar
iatis warmomadgenelma Tbilisis muSebs uwoda „nawili ruseTis
proletariatisa“, maSasadame, gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi aqvso. 3
motivi aris, is SeniSvna, romelic iyo moTavsebuli gazeT „Трудовое
Знамя“-Si sadac ewera, rom qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, rom namdvili,
WeSmariti demokratiis gamomxatveli yofiliyo, maSin mis winaaRm
deg es gaficva ar moxdebodao.
ai es sami mosazreba iyo moyvanili imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
gaficvas hqonda politikuri xasiaTi. gavarCioT eseni. aviRoT pir
veli mosazreba; pirveli mosazreba aris is, rom viRac rebruxma
ganacxada, rom politikuri aris gaficvao _ maSasadame, daskvnis
b. koniaSvili, es gaficva politikuri ariso. me mgonia politikur
moRvawem ese ar unda imsjelos (niniZe: rebruxi xelmZRvaneli iyo), is
ar iyo xelmZRvaneli, is ar msaxurobda TviTmmarTvelobaSi, is aris
metalisti. diax, yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom ese vimsjeloT, viRacam
raRaca sTqva, _ da maSasadame politikuri gaficva ariso. saqme imaSi
ki ar aris, Tu vin rogor uyurebs am gaficvas, saqme imaSi aris Tu
TiTon mosamsaxureni, rogor uyureben am gaficvas. rac Seexeba meo
re gancxadebas rom baqos warmomadgenelma Tfilisis muSebs ruseTis
proletariatis nawili uwoda, maSasadame gaficva politikuri ari
so, _ es iseTi uloRiko msjeloba aris, rom masze SeCereba ar Rirs.
baqos proletariatis warmomadgenels SeuZlian aramc Tu Tfilisis
550
muSebs uwodos ruseTis proletariatis nawili, mas SeeZlo Tavis Ta
visaTvis ispaniis mefe ewoda, magram amiT is ar gadaiqceva ispaniis
mefed da arc saqarTvelo espaniad. aq araviTari loRika ar aris. rac
Seexeba im SeniSvnas, romelic „Трудовое Знамя“-Si aris moTavsebuli, es
SeniSvna Tu rames amtkicebs _ amtkicebs mxolod erT rames, saxeldo
br imas, rom cdilobs Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenos mTavrobis, Tu
xelmZRvanel partiis Secdomebi, da misces iseTi ganmarteba, romelic
ama Tu im jgufisaTvis xelsayrelia. rac Seexeba Sinaars SeniSvnisas,
romelic „Трудовое Знамя“-Si dabeWdili aris, unda mogaxsenoT, rom es
SeniSvna aris loRikuri daskvna im poziciisa, romelic gazeTma „bor
bam daikava“. „borbam“ daswera, yovlad SeuZlebelia demokratiul
TviTmmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg brZolao. „Трудовое Знамя“ Rebulobs am
debulebas da ambobs. diax, marTalia. yovlad SeuZlebelia demokra
tiuli organos winaaRmdeg brZola, da Tu demokratiul TviTmmarT
velobis winaaRmdeg ibrZvian, maSasadame albaT Tqveni demokratiuli
TviTmmarTveloba demokratiuli ar ariso.
Cven gvaqvs sxva faqtebi, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gaficvas
politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonda. magaliTad, Cven viciT rom gaficvis
Sesaxeb moxda ara erTi kreba, gamotanilia ara erTi rezoliucia.
Tqven ver damisaxelebT verc erT krebas, verc erT rezoliucias,
sadac wamoyenebuli yofiliyo raime politikuri moTxovnileba.
magaliTad, 23 aprils, rodesac moxda saerTo kreba qalaqis mosam
saxureebisa, maT warmomadgenelma kulikovma Semdegi moTxovnileba
wamoayena: jamagiris, rogorc Zvelis ise momaval jamagiris Tavis
droze miReba. meore, koleqtiuri xelSekruleba da maTi gaTanas
woreba sxva mosamsaxureebTan am jamagirebis miRebaSi da saarbi
traJo komisia mosamsaxureebisa. ai es mTavari moTxovnilebani wa
moayenes maT da es moTxovnilebani ganmeorebuli iqmna muSaTa sabWos
sxdomaze. Semdeg Cven gvaqvs mTeli rigi rezoliuciebisa sxva da sxva
kavSirebis mier gamotanili da arsad ar aris naTqvami, rom es gafic
va aris politikur xasiaTisa. (xma: arc ityvian) (xma: mTavrobis moq
medebaze ilaparakeT!) (Tavmjdomare: keTil inebeT, nu xmaurobT!).
magaliTad aris rezoliucia gamotanili qalaqis kavSiris mosam
saxureebis mier. am rezoliuciaSi naTqvami aris, rom gaficva aris
mxolod da mxolod mSvidobiani da ekonomiuri. mosamsaxureni ambo
ben Tavis rezoliuciaSi, rom gaficvas aqvs mxolod ekonomiuri da
iZulebiTi xasiaTi. gaficvis komiteti Tavis mowodebaSi ambobs, rom
gaficvas iZulebiTi da mSvidobiani xasiaTi aqvs (xma: ram aiZulaT?)
SimSilma, batonebo, diax Tqven SeiZleba ar grZnobdeT, magram isini
grZnoben SimSils. gaficvas, rom ar hqonda politikuri xasiaTi amas
adasturebs da amowmebs is mowodebac, romelic gamosca gaficvis
komitetma, iq sweria: „Товарищи! Забастовка, объявленная гор. служащими
и носящая исключительно экономическо-правовой характеръ, несмотря на всѣ
старанiя нашихъ противниковъ, продолжаетъ протекать мирно и преслѣдовать
551
экономическiя цѣли. Она остается такой, какой была и мы не выйдемъ изъ рамокъ
профессiональнаго движенiя“.
maSasadame, aSkara aris, rom gaficva politikuri ar iyo. ma
gram vsTqvaT, batonebo, rom gaficvas hqonda politikuri xasiaTi.
mere? Cven ar viciT arc erTi socialisturi partia, romelic uary
ofdes politikur gaficvis Tavisuflebas. maSasadame, Tundac, rom
gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqonoda, Cven ar gvqonda, qalaqis
TviTmmarTvelobas ar hqonda araviTari ufleba migveRo is repre
siuli zomebi, romelic iyo miRebuli. yvela socialisturi partia
moiTxovs gaficvis uflebas. ai TviT soc.-dem. programaSi sweria: „С.-
демократия требуетъ: “неограниченную свободу совѣсти, слова, печати, собрании,
стачекъ и союзовъ “. (xma: viciT, batono!) iciT, batonebo, diax, magram
saqme imaSia, rom Tqven erTi giweriaT programaSi da meores akeTebT
cxovrebaSi. Cven vamtkicebT, rom gaficvas ar hqonia politikuri xa
siaTi, mizezi iyo autaneli nivTieri mdgomareoba mosamsaxureebisa,
mizani ki am mosamsaxureebis uflebriv da ekonomiur mdgomareobis
gaumjobesoba. mosamsaxureebis mdgomareoba iyo autaneli, isini
sistematiurad jamagirs ver Rebulobdnen, SimSilis niadagze maT
Soris vrceldeboda gadamdebi seni. yofila magaliTebi, rom muSao
bis dros mosamsaxureni fexze ver dgebodnen, iqceodnen. magaliTad,
erTma inJinerma ganacxada: „me ar SemiZlian muSaobis gagrZeleba, im
itom rom muSebi fexze ver dgebian, iqceviano. amis Sesaxeb rodesac
konievs moaxsenes, b. konievma sityva-sityviT, rogorc gadmomces, sTq
va: `Неполученiе жалованiя столь же мало влiяетъ на увеличенiе заболѣваемости,
какъ свѣерный полюсъ на климатъ Тифлиса.~
ai batonebo, ra pasuxs aZlevs mosamsaxureebs demokratiul re
spublikaSi demokratiis warmomadgeneli TviTmmarTveloba. rom
gaficvas hqonda mxolod ekonomiuri xasiaTi es mtkicdeba auareb
el faqtebiT. aviRoT igive „borba“, an da mowodeba, romelic gamos
ca gaficvis komitetma. im mowodebaSi, romelic gamosca gaficvis
komitetma, pirdapir sweria: „Стоны и вопли нашихъ голодныхъ матерей
женъ и дѣтей заставляютъ насъ, измученныхъ нуждой и голодомъ, за неимѣнiемъ
физическихъ силъ, оставить работу... Пока можно было терпѣть, пока намъ
довѣряли въ кредитъ, пока имѣли хоть что нибудь, мы продавали послѣднюю
рубаху и терпѣли~...
ai, batonebo, gaficvis mizezi. amis Sesaxeb TviT gaficvis komite
ti ai rasa swers:
„Причины забастовки различно освѣщались различными группами, но
причина ея одна – это не выплата жалованiя служащимъ за 2 мѣс. Это голод и
нищета на которые обрекло своихъ работниковъ гор. Самоуправленiе. Это шагъ,
продиктованный отчаянiемъ изголодавшихся людей“ da sxv. (xma: yvelaferi es
wakiTxuli gvaqvs!)
wakiTxuli gaqvT, magram samwuxarod daskvna ver gamoiyvaneT, is
daskvna romelic unda gamoeyvana demokratias. „borbaSi“ pirdapir
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sweria: „Да не подумаетъ кто нибудь, что мы закрываем глаза набѣдственное
положенiе служащихъ гор. самоуправ. Мы сознаемъ, конечно, весь ужасъ
людей, неполучающихъ жалования по 2-3 мѣсяца и обреченныхъ на голодное
существованiе“. (Борьба №51) rom maTi mdgomareoba autaneli iyo, rom
autanel nivTier mdgomareobam isini aiZula gamoecxadebinaT gafic
va, amas amtkicebs Tundac is pasuxi, romelic eraZem gasca deleg
acias, romelic gagzavnili iyo Sromis ministrTan mosamsaxuree
bisagan. eraZem uTxra, es aris moTavsebuli borbis #59. „Вопросъ по
которому говоритъ делегацiя, имѣетъ двѣ стороны 1) положенiе служащихъ и
средство достиженiя цѣли. Что касается первой стороны, положенiя служ. то даже
враги не могутъ сказать, что служащiе въ своихъ требов. не правы и не должны
быть неудовлетворены“. ai batonebo, Tqven xedavT, rom maTi mdgomareoba
marTlac auwereli iyo, amas adasturebs iseTi oficialuri organo,
rogoric gazeTi „borba“, amas adastureben iseTi pirni, rogorc ar
ian Tqveni warmomadgenelni saministroSi eraZe da sxva. maTi mdgo
mareoba autaneli iyo. maSasadame, gaficvis mizezi iyo ekonomiuri
mdgomareoba, isini moiTxovdnen Tavisi mdgomareobis gaumjobese
bas, Tavis droze jamagirebis miRebas da koleqtiur xelSekrulebis
dadebas. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom yovel dargSi arsebobs mosamsaxure
Ta da damqiravebelTa Soris erTgvari xelSekruleba, arsebobs kole
qtiuri xelSekruleba. es aris kerZo dawesebulebebSi, da miT ufro
unda iyos sazogado dawesebulebaSi, rogorc aris TviTmmarTveloba,
radganac maT mosamsaxureebis da TviTmmarTvelobis Soris xdeboda
xSirad konfliqtebi, da rom am konfliqtebs moeRos bolo, rom mu
dam ar iyos dava, saWiroa erTgvari garantia, erTgvari kodeqsi. es
ki SeiZleba mxolod koleqtiur xelSekrulobis dadebiT. unda mogax
senoT, rom delegatTa yrilobaze, koleqtiuri xelSekruleba unda
daedoT 31 marts, xolo saarbitraJo komisias unda daewyo muSaoba
15 aprilidan magram, qalaqis gamgeobam es ar Seasrula. mizezad moi
yvana is, rom maSin TfilisSi ar iyo Camosuli axlad arCeuli qalaqis
Tavi. warmoidgineT, batonebo, rom amodena xalxis bed-iRbali damok
idebuli aris imaze Tu, rodis CamobrZandeba esa Tu is qalaqis Tavi.
es yovlad SeuZlebeli aris demokratiul respublikaSi. erTad erTi
loRika, romelic safuZvlad udevs mTel am istorias, TviTmmarTve
lobis moqmedebas aris is loRika, romelic ambobs „Seni SeWmva rom
msurs, mizezad isic kmarao“. aq aris aSkara, rom raRac mizezis gamo
undodaT winandel mosamsaxureebis daTxovna, da mxolod es iyo da es.
rodesac gamgeoba Seudga jamagirebis darigebas, mosamsaxurebma
maSinve moxsnes gaficva da gana es sakmarisi ar iyo? magram es ar aR
moCnda sakmarisad, albad sxva miznebi hqondaT. aseT pirobebSi rogor
unda moqceuliyo mTavroba, socialisturi, demokratiuli mTavroba?
socialisturi mTavroba unda Careuliyo saqmeSi, mas sakmao yuradRe
ba unda mieqcia mosamsaxureTa mdgomareobisTvis, is valdebuli iyo
daecva mosamsaxureTa interesebi. amis magivrad Cven sul winaaRmdegs
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vxedavT. administracia sastik zomebs Rebulobs gaficulTa winaaRm
deg: zogi dapatimrebulia, zogi gadasaxlebuli, zogi dRemdis cixeSi
aris da maT winaaRmdeg araviTari konkretiuli braldeba ar yofila
wardgenili. Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im uazro frazas, romelic
iyo moyvanili sagangebo razmis orderebSi, esa da es piri daWerili
aris за организацiонное выступленiе. ra aris es „организацiонное выступленiе“
aravin ar icis. administracia moiqca sastikad, imdenad sastikad, rom
Zveli TviTmpyrobeli biurokratia mets verafers izavda. es aris, ra
Tqma unda, Sedegi im gaxrwnisa, im moSlilobisa, romelsac Cven vxedavT
TviT administraciaSi. ramdenadac gaxrwnilia administracia, ramde
nad moSlilia administratiuli aparati. amas adasturebs Tundac is
xmebi, romelic ase daJinebiT gavrcelebulia da romelic ambobs, rom
amas winad sagangebo razmma gaCxrika damfuZnebeli krebis erT-erTi
deputati. amboben, rom es deputati gaxldaT social-demokratiul
fraqciis wevri. Cven ar viciT ramdenad marTalia es xmebi, magram Cven
viciT, vin arian sagangebo razmSi da viciT, rom maTgan yvelaferi
mosalodneli aris. isini yvelafers gaakeTeben. rasakvirvelia, so
cial-demokratebma miiRes yoveli zomebi, rom es faqti ar gaxmaurebu
liyo, es gasagebic aris, vinaidan cxadia, rodesac es sagangebo razmi,
romelic mowodebuli aris ebrZolos kontr-revoliucias, Cxreks dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs social demok. deputats. gana es s.-d. minis
trisTvis „skandali“ ar aris? amis Semdeg, ra Tqma unda Cven araviTari
garantia ara gvaqvs, rom igive sagangebo razmi ar miva sxva deputat
Tan ara marto gasaCxrekad, aramed dasapatimreblad. maSin, me vekiTxe
bi b. ministrs, ra iqneba es, brZola kontr-revoliuciis winaaRmdeg Tu
namdvili kontr-revoliucia?! (arseniZe adgilidan: rac iqneba, maSin
gaigeT!). es sagangebo razmi gadaiqca namdvil kontr-revoliucioner
Ta budeT; maTi meTaurebi gaxlavT kedia, panCuliebi. es is xalxia,
romelTac ara erTi socialisti gamousalmebia wuTisofels da rom
lis gamo ara erTma socialistma suli dalia ruseTis civ tundreb
Si. ai vin arian b. ministris TanamSromelni da ai vin amtkicebs Cven
Si demokratiul reJims. ai am xalxis saTareSod gadaiqca mTeli Cveni
respublika. batonebo, rubikoni gadalaxulia, Cveni administracia
apatimrebs, Cxreks, scems da asaxlebs Cveulebriv moqalaqeebs, igive
administracia Cxreks deputatebs, male albad, jeri ministrebzedac
miva! yvela am movlenebis Semdeg, Cven gvaqvs, batonebo, sruli ufleba
Cveni administraciis ufrossa da umcros xelmZRvanelT uTxraT: qu-
ousque tandem abutere pacientia postra!
kirile niniZe. (s.d.) batonebo! Cemis fiqriT, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrs b. Sengelaias, rom marTla hqondes iseTi seriozuli sabuTi,
rogoric aris damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gaCxreka, is Tu marTlac
icavs demokratiis interess, valdebuli iyo es SekiTxva Semoetana
pirvelad, vinem is Semoitanda im SekiTxvas, romelic dRes movis
mineT Cven.
554
magram me mgonia, rom fraqcias, romelic aq gamovida am SekiTxviT,
ara aqvs saSualeba, ara aqvs survilic ki imisa, rom marTla emsaxuros
demokratiul interess da demokratiul wyobilebis ganmtkicebas.
amas, Cvenis fiqriT, amtkicebs mxolod is SekiTxva, romelic dRes Cven
aq movismineT. me rasakvirvelia, ar vilaparakeb im konkretiul bral
debaze, romelic mimarTulia mTavrobis winaaRmdeg. konkretiulad
mTavrobas, albaT braldeba is, rom mis TanxmobiT dapatimrebulni
iyvnen iseTi pirebic, romlebsac araviTari danaSauloba ar Caudeni
aT. sanam ar mogvismenia ganmarteba mTavrobisa, manam rasakvirvelia
arafris Tqma Cven ar SegviZlian, mxolod sadavo aris is debuleba,
is formaluri debuleba, romelic b. Sengelaiam wamoayena. debuleba
imis Sesaxeb, viTom sakanondeblo kodeqsebSi ar sweria administra
tiuli dapatimreba (xmauroba) organizaciuli. (xmauroba)... rogori
organizacia iyo, ar viciT, amaze mogaxsenebT Semdeg, rodesac mTav
roba ganmartebas mogvcems, maSin gavigebT marTla organizaciuli
iyo Tu ara.
es Seexeba saqmis arsebiT mxares.
magram debuleba social-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa, viTom
ar iyo dasaSvebi administratiuli datusaReba, es debuleba amoRe
bulia im arxividan, im partiis arxividan, romlis moRvaweobas Cven
kargad varT gacnobili. es arxivi gaxlavT egred wodebuli ruseTis
social-demokratiul partiis Tbilisis, kavkasiis saolqo komite
tis da agreTve social-revoliucionerebis „znamia narodas“, ro
melic gaxlavT imis arsenalidan (xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari. xma:
Seurigdnen!)
garda amisa, TiTon es formaluri mxarec koWlobs ucodinarobiT.
formalurad parlamentisgan dadasturebuli gvaqvs, rom mTavrobas
neba aqvs miiRos administratiuli zomebi da manam, sanam es ar gauqmeb
ula, es ufleba, romelic Cven mTavrobas mivaniWeT, eserebis fraqcias
ara aqvs ufleba wamoayenos braldeba swored am formalur mosazre
biT. (xma: ukanonobaa!) kanonad Cven migvaCnia is, rac miRebulia da da
dasturebulia Cvens mier, da ara is, rac xdeba Tqven sxdomebze. aseTia
kanoni da sanam es kanoni amave mgzavs kanoniT ar gagviuqmebia, Cven ar
gvaqvs araviTari sabuTi usayveduroT mTavrobas, ratom isargeble
ama Tu im kanoniTo. piriqiT, imas, vinc dainteresebulia Cveni qvey
nis bediT, unda Semoetana SekiTxva, Tu man dainaxa, rom mTavroba ar
sargeblobs da arRvevs im kanons, romliTac valdebulia isargeblos.
magram, rogorc vxedav, eserebis fraqcia amas gverds uxvevs da mosTx
ovs mTavrobas swored im kanonis darRvevas, romelic arsebobs.
amitom me vimeoreb, arsebiTad b. Sengelaias ar upasuxeb manam, sa
nam mTavrobis ganmartebas ar movismenT. konkretiulad hqonda Tu ara
sabuTi, hqonda Tu ara ufleba daepatimrebina esa Tu is piri, gaeZeve
bina Cveni teritoriis sazRvrebidan; _ am sakiTxs Cven ar vexebiT,
radganac amis Sesaxeb ar mogvismenia mTavrobis ganmarteba, magram
555
rac Seexeba formalur braldebas, es yovelgvar safuZvels moklebu
li aris. arsebiTad me mgonia, rom SekiTxva Sengelaiasi mimarTulia
ara mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, aramed mimarTulia demokratiis da TviT
muSaTa klasis winaaRmdeg da rom es asea amis sabuTi Cven mogvca Ti
Ton b. Sengelaiam, rodesac mogviTxrobda am sakiTxis istorias. ra
sTqva man? man sTqva da amasTan wamoyenebulma faqtma Cven gviTxra, rom
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas ar hqonda saSualeba, fizikuri saSuale
ba daekmayofilebina is moTxovnilebebi, romelic mosamsaxureebma
warudgines qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas. ar moepoveboda kasaSi saW
iro fuli, rom daekmayofilebina isini jamagirebiT, erTi Tu ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi, daekmayofilebina is moTxovnilebani, romel
sac udebdnen ultimatumis saxiT es mosamsaxureni, da rom es ase iyo,
es daadastura TviT muSaTa klasis konpetenturma organom, _ pro
fesionalurma kavSirma. profesionalur kavSiris sabWom ar moiwo
na is nabiji, romelic am mosamsaxureebma gadasdges da uTxra, rom am
pirobebSi aseTi gaficvis gamocxadeba _ es iqneba ugunuroba; _ rom
es ase aris, sxvaTa Soris sCans iqidanac, rom am gaficvas, romelic
arsebiTad dawyebuli iyo „Cinovnikebisagan“ da sxva moxeleebisagan,
kancelariis mosamsaxureebisagan, amaT ar miemxrnen TviT qalaqis mo
samsaxureebis is nawili, romelic ufro axlo aris muSaTa klasTan da
mets gaWirvebas, mets SimSils ganicdis, vidre „Cinovnikebi“. es gax
lavan wylis sadenis muSebi, tramvais muSebi da sxvebi. b. Sengelaias
kargad unda moexsenebodes is, rom swored muSaTa klasma, romelic
imave dros iyvnen am qalaqis mosamsaxureebad, ar moiwona is gaficva
da TiTon am umaRlesma organom, romelic muSebs aqvT profesional
ur kavSiris saxiT, am organom es gaficva dagmo.
da rodesac b-ni Sengelaia kiTxulobs, ra zomebi miiRo mTav
robam, albaT b-ni Sengelaia fiqrobs, rom mTavroba unda wasuliyo
da daeSala qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, romelic ar ahyva „Cinovnike
bis“ moTxovnilebas, da gaereka profesionaluri sabWo, romelsac es
ar moewona.
rodesac aseTs axirebul pretenziebs gviyenebs b-ni Sengelaia,
mas gonia, rom es aris revoliuciis da socializmis gaRrmaveba. me
mgonia, rom es gaRrmaveba ki ar aris, vulgaruli Tqmisa ar iyos,
Zir gavardnili revoliucia aris da social-revoliucionerebis
revoliucia Zir gavardnilia. (xmauroba. zari. xma: Tqveni revoliu
cia?) Cveni revoliucia b-no, emyareba muSaTa klass da ara im jgufs,
romelic gamodis „Cinovnikebis“ saxeliT da emyareba „znamia social
izmis“ gverdiT, romlebmac aq moindomes sxolastiuri gamarTleba da
raRac loRikuri msjelobiT gindodaT gagemarTlebinad. raki ar iyo
„znamia socializmis“ politika daculi, ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis
gamoyvana, rom es moqmedeba ar iyo politikuri.
me mgonia, b-n Sengelaiam icis, rom sityvaze meti mniSvneloba
aqvs saqmes da is saqme, romelic Caidina nawilma qalaqis mosamsaxu
556
reebis, romlebmac ar gauwies araviTari angariSi arc TviTmmarTve
lobis mdgomareobas, arc imis kasis mdgomareobas, arc muSaTa profe
sionalur sabWos dadgenilebas, arc muSaTa qalaqis mosamsaxureebis
demokratiul da marTlac proletarul nawilis damokidebulebas am
saqmesTan, _ me mgonia, cxadia aq b-ni Sengelaia ibrZvis daClungebul
iaraRiT ufro muSaTa klasis da demokratiis winaaRmdeg, me vambob
qalaqis TvTmmarTvelobazed, romelzedac aq iyo laparaki, da arse
biTad es SekiTxva unda yofiliyo Setanili sabWoSi, radgan es daad
gina sabWom, romelic aris arCeuli demokratiuli wesiT. da es sabWo
Tu ar daeyrdno b-n zurabovis moTxovnilebas, romelic iq brZande
boda, ver daeyrdno maTi damcvelebis b-n Sengelaias da misi jgufis
moTxovnilebas (xmauroba). (zari).
Tavis Tavad cxadia, aq ar aris araviTari darRveva arc social
izmis, arc demokratizmis. me mgonia, rom b-n Sengelaias aseTi SekiTx
va unda warmoedgina muSaTa klasisTvis da unda eTqva: ratom Tqven
mxars ar uWerT Cven gamofitul socializms da ratom frazis raxuni
ufro mniSvnelovanaT ar migaCniaT, vidre namdvili demokratiuli
muSaoba. da aseTi SekiTxvaze, muSaTa klasi TiTon miscemda pasuxs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanags.
557
l. Sengelaia. Cven SemovitaneT ori SekiTxva da rogorc moismineT
pirvelzedac pasuxi ar migviRia jer. marTalia, esec saswrafo aris,
magram jer radganac pirvel saswrafoT SekiTxvaze pasuxi ar mogvis
menia, amitom am SekiTxvis siswrafes vxsni.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, siswrafe moxsnili aris. SekiTxva iqneba
ganxiluli Cveulebrivis wesiT. aq rCeba ukanaskneli sakiTxi.
558
pirTa saZiebeli
a
abaSiZe ambrosi mixeilis-Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 346
abaSiZe haidar (haidarbeg) alibegis Ze (s. d.) _ sanjay-beg aba
SiZeTa STamomavali, sazogado moRvawe da publicisti, pedagogi.
swavla daiwyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis baTumis skolaSi. 1905-1908 swavlobda osmaleTSi, Sem
deg dabrunda baTumSi da 1912 daamTavra saqalaqo saswavlebeli.
1913 maswavleblobda. aqveynebda werilebs qarTul presaSi samxreT
saqarTvelosa da aWarisw mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, osmalTa mier Zal
iT gamahmadianebul qarTvelebSi aRvivebda erovnul TviTSegnebas,
ilaSqrebda panTurqizmisa da panislamizmis winaaRmdeg. pirveli
msoflio omis dros xalxs ganumartavda omis namdvil miznebs. misi
iniciativiT gaixsna aWaraSi qarTuli skolebi. iyo social-demokra
tiuli partiis aqtiuri wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri
1918 wlidan, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 1919 wlidan, aqtiur monaw
ileobas iRebda axalcixis konfliqtis mogvarebasa da baTumis olqis
sakiTxis daregulirebaSi. 1918-1920 ww. „samuslimano saqarTvelos“
ganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis aqtiuri wevri. moiTxovda memamulu
ri miwaTmflobelobis likvidacias da glexebisaTvis miwis usasyid
lod gadacemas 106, 154
adeiSvili _ quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosi, saidumlo
miliciis ufrosi 310, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 359, 399, 432,
446, 447, 448, 451, 452, 456, 459
aTabegovi server-begi _ generali, warmoSobiT qarTveli, iyvnen
gvarad jayeli. serverbeg aTabegis mama iyo axalcixis faSa. ruseTma
gadmoibira es faSa, da misca tituli – princ qoblianski adigenski da
daarqves gvari aTabegov. e. i. mama begebisa, Turqulad aTa – mamaa. 164,
180, 304
alahi _ RmerTis saxeli islamSi 510
aleqsandre III _ ruseTis imperatori 1881-1894 wlebSi, romanovebis
dinastiidan. aleqsandre II-is Svili 409
aleqsi-mesxiSvili (mesxiSvili) Salva vladimeris Ze _ advokati,
politikuri da sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos socialist-fede
ralistTa partiis erT-erTi lideri. 1902-1904 ww-Si odesis univer
sitetSi swavlobda, saidanac studentTa revoluciur moZraobaSi
monawileobisTvis garicxes. 1909 daamTavra xarkovis universitetis
559
iuridiuli fakulteti. 1910 wels TbilisSi advokatoba daiwyo.
1917-1918 ww.-Si saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, imave wlebSi
amierkavkasiis komisariatis iusticiis ministri (komisari), damou
kidebeli saqarTvelos pirveli koaliciuri mTavrobis iusticiis min
istri. 1919-1921 ww.-Si damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 38, 59, 77, 79, 80, 109,
156, 305, 306, 353, 433, 435, 436, 437, 439, 485, 486, 509, 510, 511, 515
andronikaSvili konstantine manuelis (emanuelis) Ze _ social-
demokrati, Jurnalisti, swavlobda moskovis universitetis iurid
iul fakultetze, Semdgom gadavida imave fakultetis kievis univer
sitetSi. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis (saxelmwifo
kontrolioris amxanagi (moadgile)), 1918 wels Sedioda erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wlis Tebervlidan iyo damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT) 61, 106, 155, 363
anjafariZe giorgi nestoris Ze _ iuristi, advokati, 1905 wlidan
rsdmp-s wevri. swavlobda moskovis universitetSi. 1917 wlis Teberv
lis revoluciis Semdeg iyo baTumis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputa
tebis sabWos Tavmjdomare. 1917 wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1918 wlis Tebervlidan amierkavkasiis sei
mis wevria, 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli mu
SaTa partiis siiT. iyo krebis sabiujeto safinanso komisiis wevri;
1920 wels arCeul iqna baTumis qalaqisTavad; monawileobas iRebda
1924 wlis ajanyebaSi 51, 65, 107, 163, 182, 184, 354, 367, 369, 482, 483, 498,
525, 526, 531, 533
arTmelaZe daviT adamis Ze _ generali, daamTavra Tbilisis qveiT
iunkerTa saswavlebeli (pirveli TanrigiT). 1918-1921 wlebSi msax
urobda saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. 1920-1921 wlebSi sard
lobda qarTuli armiis pirvel brigadas, romlis Stabic soxumSi
iyo da icavda afxazeTis mimarTulebas. 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi
meTaurobda gagris mxridan SemoWril me-9 wiTeli armiis winaaRmdeg
mebrZol SenaerTebs. 1921 wlis martSi baTumidan general mazniaS
vilTan erTad gandevna qemalistebi 304, 305
aristotele _ Zveli berZeni filosofosi da mecnieri, enciklope
disti, platonis moswavle, aleqsandre makedonelis aRmzrdeli 18
arseniZe raJden maTes Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, iuristi, publi
cisti. quTaisis sasuliero seminariis dasrulebis Semdeg swavlob
da iurievis (tartus) universitetis iuridiul fakultetze. qarT
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis quTaisis
ganyofilebis namdvili wevri, erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokrati.monawileoba miiRo 26 maisis aqtis
SemuSavebis procesSi. aqtiur saqmianobas eweoda partiis centralur
560
komitetSi. garkveuli periodi muSaobda partiis mTavari periodu
li organos _ gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtorad. 1919 wlis TebervalSi
arCeul iqna saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, sadac ikaveb
da iuridiuli da sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris posts, 1921
wlis saqarTvelos konstituciis ZiriTadi principebi swored misi
SemuSavebulia. 1920 wlis 2 ianvridan oficialurad daikava demokra
tiuli respublikis iusticiis ministris posti, iyo araerTi samar
Tlebrivi reformis avtori, iniciatori 27, 28, 33, 34, 38, 41, 51, 55, 58,
60, 61, 67, 68, 77, 97, 114, 117, 118, 134, 139, 140, 143, 145, 155, 157, 188, 195,
199, 200, 212, 218, 221. 226, 235, 237, 238, 241, 249, 256, 261, 268, 270, 273,
280, 285, 286, 311, 312, 320, 323, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 342, 355, 359, 360,
362, 379, 380, 382, 384, 394, 397, 398, 425, 437, 443, 495, 496, 497, 499, 505,
509, 511, 512, 515, 520, 521, 522, 524, 525, 529, 554, 558
asaTiani aleqsandre samsonis Ze _ (erovnul.-dem.) iuristi, Jur
nalisti, swavlobda moskovis komerciul institutSi ekonomikis
specialobiT, daasrula peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli
fakulteti. erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZne
beli, mTavari komitetis wevri. 1918 wlidan erovnuli sabWos wev
ri, arCeuli iyo adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis
komisiis mdivnad, safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis wevrad, 1919 wli
dan saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatia, sxva wevrebTn er
Tad warmoadgenda edp-s fraqcias. yrilobaze airCies Tavmjdomaris,
spiridon kedias, moadgiled. Sedioda krebis sabiujeto-safinanso,
Sromis, agrarul da sameurneo komisiebSi 52, 61, 108, 110, 112, 156, 200,
207, 210, 211, 221, 223, 224, 247, 248, 249
auStrovi ruben giorgis Ze – (social-demokrati), muSaTa aRmas
rulebeli komitetis wevri, saxalxo gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli
da mTvari Stabis mdivani, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis xmosani 107, 155
axvledianebi _ jariskacebi 350
axvlediani _ leCxumis mazris mcxovrebi 350
axmetelaSvili vladimer giorgis Ze (axmeteli) _ damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi germaniaSi. qarTvel
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gudauTisa da
Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 106
axmetelaSvili siko (simon) giorgis Ze (axmeteli) _ oficeri,
samxedro eqimi, erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919 wlidan saqa
rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevri saqarTvelos social-demorati
uli muSaTa partiidan, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe
li sazogadoebis wevri 108, 155
561
b
badriZe ilia giorgis Ze – 1902 w. rsdmp Tbilisis komitetis wev
ri, aralegaluri stambebis Seqmnis monawile. 1905 wels monawileo
da avWalaSi bombebis damamzadebeli saxelosnos mowyobaSi. badriZe
aseve iyo sagangebo sasamarTlos wevri. monawileoba miiRo saqarT
velos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi.
1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokrati
uli muSaTa partiis siiT 107, 154
bakuraZe vasil zurabis Ze _ rsdm partiis menSevikuri fraqciis
wevri, 1919 w. TebervalSi saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSa
Ta partiis siiT arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 108
baraTaSvili iese (ioseb, osiko) aleqsandres Ze. (soc. fed.)
_ advokati, sazogado da politikuri moRvawe, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. daamTavra peter
burgis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. saqarTvelos social
ist-federalistTa partiis liderTagani, partiis mTavari komitetis
wevri, 1918 wlis maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnu
li sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. miuxedavad imisa, rom emxrobo
da saqarTelos federaciul mowyobas, mxari dauWira saqarTvelos,
rogorc unitaruli sistemis saxelmwifos aucileblobas; asrulebda
iusticiis ministris movaleobas, 1919-1921 ww.-Si iyo damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri da soc. fed. fraqciis warmomadgeneli; iyo `saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis sakonstitucio safuZvlebis Semd
geni komisiis“ wevri, aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos pirveli
konstituciis meTeqvsmete Tavis „saxelmwifo da eklesia“ SemuSavebis
procesSi 50, 60, 61, 66, 70, 71, 109, 112, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 133,
134, 143, 150, 154, 185, 186, 193, 194, 195, 198, 211, 216, 220, 230, 233, 235,
259, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326
beriSvili pavle abramis Ze _ social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti
is wevri, profkavSirebis sabWos wevri, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
108, 527
biuli pavle iakobis Ze _ social-demokrati (menSevikuri fraqcia),
pedagogi. ganaTleba miiRo specializebul germanul saswavlebelSi
besarabiis guberniaSi. pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda saqarTve
loSi arsebul germanul koloniebSi, maT Soris daba elisavetalSi
(sof. asureTi). damoukideblobis periodSi aqtiurad moRvaweobda
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasa da germanel mosaxleobas So
ris urTierTobaSi. 1919 wlis Tebervlidan saqarTvelos damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri. iyo krebis agraruli da saxalxo ganaTlebis komis
iebis wevri 108, 154, 200
bolqvaZe (nakaSiZe) elisabed iosebis asuli _ partiuli met
saxelebi: „Tamara“ „misko“, xvaramze“. politikosi, social-demokra
562
tiuli partiis wevri, menSeviki. ganaTleba tfilisis qalTa gimnazia
Si miiRo. 1904 w-dan Caeba revoluciur moZraobaSi. iyo guriis qalTa
organizaciis Tavmjdomare (1905) da sdp guriis komitetis wevri
(1907). 1907-1917 ww-Si revolucionerobisTvis gasaxlebuli iyo kavka
siidan. 1917 w-is Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg airCies guriis qalTa
sazogadoebis Tavmjdomared. (1919-1921) iyo saqarTvelos demokra
tiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri,
Sedioda krebis Sromisa da momaragebis komisiebSi. sabWoTa ruseTis
mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg darCa samSobloSi da SeuerTda
antisabWoTa moZraobas 108, 154
bruneviCi _ generali, denikinis warmomadgeneli 281
burduli _ erovnul-demokratebis partiis warmomadgeneli 450, 453
g
gagloevi giorgi aleqsis Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlobda goris
sasulieri seminariaSi da germaniaSi sainJinro saswavlebelSi. 1903
wlidan da ruseTis social-demokratiuli partiis wevri. mogvianebiT
gaerTianda ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis menSevike
bis fraqciaSi. publikaciebs aqveynebda rogoc rusul, aseve qarTul
presaSic. CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, kerZod armavirSi, daaarsa „Sromis
birJa“. 1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg g. gagloevi xdeba armaviris mu
SaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos Tavmjdomare. amave wels igi
gaxda saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri. 1919 wels damfuZnebeli
krebis arCevnebSi monawileobda saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli
partiis saxeliT da arCeul iqna damfuZnebel krebaSi 107
gegeWkori evgeni petres-Ze _ politikuri, saxelmwifo da sazogado
moRvawe, qarTuli social-demokratiis erT-erTi lideri, iuristi.
daamTavra moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. aqti
urad monawileobda studentur moZraobaSi. iyo qarTvel studentT
saTvistomos ucvleli Tavmjdomare. 1903 gawevrianda rsdmp-Si. par
tiaSi momxdari ganxeTqilebis dros e. gegeWkorma menSevikebis mx
are daikava. 1907-1912 ww-Si iyo III mowvevis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros
deputati quTaisis guberniidan da social-demokratiuli fraqciis
erT-erTi lideri, k. CxeiZesTan erTad. icavda poloneTisa da fine
Tis saxelmwifoebriv uflebebs, sistematurad TanamSromlobda so
cial-demokratiul gamomcemlobebTan. mWidrod TanamSromlobda
antantis blokis diplomatebTan. iyo moTave kavkasiuri (somxeT-saqa
rTvelo-azerbaijan-mTielebis) konferenciebisa. man araerTxel iTa
maSa Suamavlis roli somxebsa da azerbaijanelebs Soris. miaCnda ra,
rom erTiani kavkasia iyo damoukideblobis dacvis mTavari piroba.
iyo pirveli respublikis sagareo saqmeTa (1918-1919) da iusticiis
ministri (12 marti, 1921), amierkavkasiis komisariatis Tavmjdomare,
563
amierkavkasiis mTavrobis (seimis) Tavmjdomare, ruseTis saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros deputati. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe
li sazogadoebis wevri 72, 73, 106, 271, 279, 286, 390, 486, 489
gedevaniSvili ioseb (soso) konstantines Ze _ socialist-fede
ralistTa partiis wevri, samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, (saqar
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis samxedro ministris amxanagi,
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali, generali-maiori) ruseT-
iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio omebis monawile. qarTuli saarmio
korpusis Seqmnis erT-erTi iniciatori da xelZRvaneli; 1918 wels
saqarTvelo-somxeTis omebis dros mTavarsardlis posti ekava. 1918
wlidan erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1919 wlis martidan damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri. 1918-1921 ww-Si i. gedevaniSvili qarTul samxedro sko
laSi samxedro istorias aswavlida. iyo afxazeTisa da SavizRvis
pireTis qarTuli garnizonis sardali. 1921 wlidan borCalos mazris
qarTuli garnizonis sardali. ruseT saqarTvelos 1921 wlis Teber
val-martSi i. gedevaniSvili samxreTisa da samxreT-aRmosavleTis
frontis sardlad dainiSna. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg saqarTveloSi
darCa 109, 170, 200, 240
geleiSvili petre pavles Ze _ social-demokrati, mTavrobis war
momadgeneli. daamTavra quTaisis saqalaqo saswavlebeli. Tanam
Sromlobda peterburgis social-demokratiul organoebSi: „novoe
slovo“, „naCalo“, „Jizn“, sadac amierkavkasiis ganyofilebas gana
gebda. 1903-05 ww.-Si iyo baqos saqalaqo TviTmmarTvelobis mdivani.
1918 wels gaxda amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos mi
waTmoqmedebisa da Sromis ministris moadgile, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis samtrediis ganyofilebi
sa da Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri 107
gelovani _ erovnul-demokratebis partiis warmomadgeneli 450, 453
gernSteini (bernSteini) erik adolfis Ze _ maswavlebeli, 1919
wlis Tebervlidan saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevri so
cial-demokratiuli patriis siiT. krebaSi iyo momaragebis komisiis
wevri da safinanso komisiis mdivani. aqtiur rols TamaSobda ger
maniasTan ekonomikuri da politikuri kavSirebis damyarebaSi 106
gvazava giorgi beJanis Ze _ iuristi, mwerali, mTargmneli, publi
cisti, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. daamTavra moskovis saimperatoro universitetis iuridiuli
fakulteti. muSaobda advokatad, TanamSromlobda qarTul da ru
sul presaSi. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-er
Ti damfuZnebeli; 1917 wels Sedioda amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebul
komitetTan Seqmnil erovnebaTa sabWos SemadgenlobaSi; 1917 wels aq
tiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos erovnuli yrilobis muSaobaSi,
564
airCies erovnuli sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevrad; 1919 wlidan iyo
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, edp-is saparlamento fraqciis lideri,
sakonstitucio komisiis wevri da mdivani, konstituciis saredaqcio
komisiis wevri, aseve Sedioda krebis (parlamentis) sareglamento
da sagareo saqmeTa komisiebSi. 1920 wels gamosca naSromi „ZiriTadi
principebi sakonstitucio uflebisa“ 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 51, 52, 59, 60, 61,
67, 68, 70, 71, 78, 79, 108, 128, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 142, 152, 153, 154, 155,
172, 179, 182, 215, 217, 220, 221, 222, 233, 254, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,
269, 270, 283, 326, 329, 342, 345, 351, 355, 359, 361, 379, 385, 429, 454, 458,
484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 511, 518
gvaramaZe Tavaz-yadir mamac-guli oRli (gvaramaZe osman Savyi)
_ qarTveli mahmadiani, social-demokrati, rsdmp-is menSevikuri
frTis wevri. 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, axalcixis miwis muSaTa deputatTa sabWos
wevri, axalcixis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ikavebda calsaxad proqar
Tul orientacias. 1919 wels redaqtorobda gazeT „ganaxlebul mes
xeTs“ 108, 307, 308
gvarjalaZe konstantine iagoris Ze _ eqimi, diplomati, poli
tikuri da sazogado moRvawe, social-demokrati, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 1918-1921 ww.-Si.
umaRlesi ganaTleba SveicariaSi miiRo, swavlobda medicinas, sazo
gadoebriv mecnierebasa da filosofias. iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa
ministris moadgile; 1921-1924 ww.-Si iyo konstantinopolSi saqarT
velos mTavrobis rwmunebuli da saTvistomos xelmZRvaneli; 1920-30-
ian wlebSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda socialisturi internacio
nalis muSaobaSi, rogorc qarTuli seqciis warmomadgeneli 106
gvetaZe arqipo daviTis-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
gvetaZe bagrati giorgis-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 346
giorgaZe andria meTodes-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
giorgaZe grigol timoTes Ze (kimoTes Ze) _ politikosi, istoriko
si, iuristi, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero seminaria,
swavlobda tartusa da odesis universitetebSi. 1909 daamTavra xar
kovis univeristetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1905-1920 ww-Si iyo so
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri. 1909-1910 ww.-Si _ gaz. „fonis“
redaqtor-gamomcemeli (quTaisi). 1918 wlis aprilSi dainiSna amierka
vkasiis federaciuli respublikis samxedro ministrad. 1918 wlis 26
maiss damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg dainiSna samxedro minis
trad, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan,
1920 wels dainiSna baTumis olqSi mTavrobis warmomadgenlad. qarT
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, quTai
sis guberniis komisari 106, 155, 280, 301, 354, 410, 478, 479, 491, 507, 526
565
giorgaZe maqsime nikos-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
giorgobiani _ yaCaRi 349
gobeCia ivane pavles Ze. (s. r.) _ socialist-revolucioneri, nafici
veqili. ganaTleba peterburgis universitetSi miiRo, sadac iurid
iuli fakulteti daamTavra. ruseTis socialist-revolucionerTa
partiaSi saqmianobas peterburgis muSaTa organizaciebSi eweoda.
iyo quTaisis sagubernio aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomaris
moadgile, quTaisis muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris
moadgile,kavkasiis jariskacTa samxareo sabWos wevri, quTaisis gu
berniis komisari, kavkasiis jariskacTa sabWoebis yrilobebis del
egati.monawileobda saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul yrilobaSi da
xelmZRvanelobda yrilobis erovnuli sakiTxis seqciis muSaobas.
erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917-1921 ww., saqarTvelos respublikis dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele
beli sazogadoebis wevri 36, 37, 42, 52, 59, 60, 61, 68, 103, 109, 131, 136,
157, 200, 266, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 286, 287, 328, 345, 378, 379, 385, 386,
395, 396, 422, 433, 434, 435, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 509, 511, 512,
517, 519, 520
gobeCia ioseb pavles Ze. _ saqarTvelos socialist-revoluciuri
partiis (eserebis) erT-erTi meTuri, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo
sa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri eserTa partiidan. socialist-
revolucionerT sapalamento fraqciis Tavmjdomare da partiis cen
traluri komitetis wevri 109, 156
gogiCaiSvili filipe gabrielis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moR
vawe, ekonomikis mecierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos mecnierebis dam
saxurebuli moRvawe, qarTuli ekonomikuri skolis erT-erTi fuZemde
beli. daamTavra laipcigis universitetis filosofiis fakultetis
ekonomikis ganyofileba filosofiis doqtoris xarisxiT (1901).
1905-1906 ww.-Si redaqtorobda gazeT „iverias“, sxvadasxva dros iyo
Tbilisis saqalaqo saTaTbiros, kavkasiis soflis meurneobis sazoga
doebis statistikuri biuros xelmZRvaneli (1903-1913 ww.), sruliad
ruseTis saerobo kavSiris rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi (1914-1916),
kaxeTis rkinigzis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare (1917-1918). saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo kontroliori anu ministri
(1918-1920 ww.-Si), Tbilisis universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebeli,
erovnuli krebisa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 42, 362, 370, 371
gogoli nikoloz vasilis Ze (rus. Николай Васильевич Гоголь) _
ukraineli-rusi mwerali, Tanamedrove rusuli realizmis mama 452
goTua _ qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli 546
566
gomarTeli ivane gedevanis Ze _ eqimi, mwerali, publicisti, kri
tikosi. swavlobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro saswavlebelSi, Semdeg
1894 w. oqros medliT daamTavra Tbilisis me-2 gimnazia. amave wels
Cairicxa moskovis saimperatoro universitetis samedicino fakulte
tze. paralelurad, Seudga fsiqologiis, istoriis, literaturis,
filosofiis Seswavlas da daiwyo publicisturi moRvaweoba. igi
TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi _ „iveriaSi“, „kvalSi“, „jejil
sa“ da „moambeSi“, aqveynebda mxatvrul da istoriul-publicistur
statiebs. 1906 wels ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo saTaTbiros dep
utatad airCies social-demokratiuli partiidan. man gansakuTre
buli politikuri aqtiuroba 1917 w-dan daiwyo. iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, (social-demokratiuli partia), „mesame dasis“ wevri,
„alioneli“). mmarTveli social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi ga
morCeuli ideologi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis gamgeobis wevri 61, 108, 155
gonaSvili dimitri mixeilis Ze _ saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevri social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiidan. 1923 wlidan ko
munisturi partiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri. – 107.
goqaZe andria _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
goqaZe giorgi _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
goqaZe vasili andrias Ze _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
guruli zaqaria daviTis Ze _ social-demokrati, eweoda Jurna
listur moRvaweobas, werda social-demokratiul presaSi: „Cveni
sityva“, „cxovrebis sarke“, „wyaro“ da sxv. misi werilebis didi naw
ili muSaTa problemebs exeboda. social-demokratiul partiaSi gan
xeTqilebis dros menSevikebs miemxro da am poziciaze darCa sicocxlis
bolomdeerovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan; 1919 wlidan damfuZne
beli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, saxalxo gvar
diis Stabis wevri. muSaobda social-demokratiuli partiis centra
lur komitetSi 107, 155, 363, 368, 444, 445, 475, 476, 478, 479, 482
gurjua vasil giorgis Ze – social-demokrati, 1902 wlidan CaerTo
ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi da gaxda ruseTis social-demokra
tiuli partiis „menSevikuri“ fraqciis wevri. 1905 wels aqtiurad
monawileobda revoluciur moZraobaSi afxazeTSi, gudauTaSi. saqa
rTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, delegirebuli iyo
afxazeTSi avtonomiuri mmarTvelobis Camosayalibeblad. iyo seimis
deputati, afxazeTis erovnuli sabWos wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 107
567
d
davaraSvili mose raxamis Ze _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (so
cial-demokratiuli partia), rabini. profesiiT maswavlebeli iyo.
moRvaweobda quTaisSi. 1917 wels saqarTvelos erovnul krebaSi war
moadgenda saqarTvelos ebraelobas; iyo 1918 wlis 26 maisis saqarTve
los damoukideblobis aqtis erT-erTi xelmomweri. 1919 w-is Teberval
Si social-demokratiuli partiis siiT airCies damfuZnebeli krebis
wevradsxva ebrael deputatebTan erTad, mxars uWerda im kanonebis
miRebas, romelic icavda ebraelTa erovnul interesebs. dawyebiT sas
wavleblebSi „Toras“ swavlebasTan erTad, eweoda religiur da sazo
gadoebriv moRvaweobas qarTvel ebraelTa Soris 107, 154, 155
dgebuaZe aleqsandre ivanes Ze _ muSa, 1919 wels Sedgenili anke
tis ganaTlebis grafaSi miTiTebuli aqvs: _ Sinauri, dabali ganaT
leba; 1917 wlis dekemberSi iyo saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis erT-
erTi damaarsebeli da organizatori; arCeuli iyo saxalxo gvardiis
mTavari Stabis wevrad; uSualod monawileobda saxalxo gvardiis
sabrZolo operaciebSi. 1917 wels airCies saqarTvelos damoukide
beli respublikis erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1919 wels damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partiidan), iyo Tavdacvis min
istris mrCeveli. aqtiurad monawileobda qarTuli jaris organize
bisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis gaweul RonisZiebebSi. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis borjomis da Tbilisis
ganyofilebebis wevri 106, 155
denikini anton ivanes Ze _ rusi generali, mxedarTmTavari, TeTri
moZraobis lideri.1917 april-maisSi iyo umaRlesi mTavarsardlis
Stabis ufrosi, Semdeg – dasavleTis da samxreT-dasavleTis fron
tebis sardali. i. 1918 Semodgomaze gaxda „samxreT ruseTis Sei
araRebuli Zalebis“ mTavarsardali da ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTvelis
admiral a. kolCakis moadgile. denikini icavda „mTliani da ganuy
ofeli“ ruseTis principebs da ar cnobda carizmis damxobis Semdeg
aRmocenebul damoukidebel erTeulebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos; pre
tenzias acxadebda mTel samx. qonebaze, romelic omis dros amierka
vkasiaSi dagrovda. moiTxovda dauyovnebliv gadaecaT ruseTisTvis
TviT afxazeTi. misi samxreTis dasayrdeni amierkavkasiaSi e. w. „rusTa
erovnuli sabWo“ iyo. sakuTari Sesakrebi biuroebis meSveobiT de
nikinma moxaliseTa armiaSi gasawvevad marto TbilisSi 4000-ze meti
oficeri aRricxa 67, 173, 180, 271, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282,
284, 285, 286, 288, 305, 388, 392, 393, 407, 410, 414, 415, 421, 423, 424, 440,
458, 510
didbariZe maqsime sofromis Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347
don kixoti _ migel de servantes saavedras nawarmoebis „maxvilgon
ieri idalgo don kixot lamanCelis“ gmiri 282
568
e
eliava nikoloz zurabis Ze _ iuristi da Jurnalisti, advokati.
daasrula moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1898-1917
wlebSi iyo rsdmp-is wevri bolSevikTa fraqciidan, 1917 wlidan men
SevikTa fraqciis wevri, monawileobda revoluciur moZraobaSi, iyo
mgznebare marqsisti. erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wev
ri, saxalxo meurneobis umaRlesi sabWos ekonomisti, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT), Tbilisis qalaq
is mouravi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga
doebis namdvili wevri. Tbilisis ganyofilebis wevri 50, 51, 61, 65,
106, 131, 154, 174
eligulaSvili ioseb aaronis Ze _ daamTavra quTaisis realu
ri saswavlebeli da moskovis komerciuli instituti. saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo moRvawe, iyo sagareo vaW
robis komitetis, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri. misi faqsimile dafiqsirebulia saqarTvelos damou
kideblobis aRdgenis aqtze. iyo saqarTvelos dr-is finansTa da vaW
roba-mrewvelobis ministris moadgile. Sedioda dasavleT evropis
qveynebSi gagzavnili samTavrobo delegaciebis SemadgenlobaSi, rom
lebic saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT
sagareo valis aRebas cdilobdnen. 1920 wels dainiSna saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis ekonomikur warmomadgenlad parizsa da roterdamSi,
ris gamoc gaTavisuflda damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobidan. gasabWoe
bis Semdeg qveynis erovnuli saganZuris mcvelis, eqvTime TayaiSvi
lis TanaSemwed dainiSna. misi xelSewyobiT SeiZina saqarTvelos
devnilma mTavrobam parizTan axlos, daba levilSi mdebare mamuli
da sasaxle (1922). iyo emigrant qarTvel ebraelTa asociaciis Tavmj
domare. safrangeTis okupaciis periodSi (1940-1944ww.) gavlenian qa
rTvel emigrantebTan erTad mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qarTveli
ebraelebis gadarCenaSi 61, 108, 154, 433, 527
elini _ miTologiis Tanaxmad, elinTa miTiuri winapari. eladas
eponimi 106, 505
emuxvari arzayan (dimitri) konstantines Ze _ swavlobda quTai
sis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac Caeba revoluciur moZraobaSi da
dauaxlovda qarTvel nacionalistebs da mesamedaselebs. „soxumis
respublikis“ lideri (1905). afxazi politikuri moRvawe, afxaze
Tis mTavrobisa da saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos damZ
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (1919-1921 ww.). igi proqarTuli orientaciis
afxazi lideri iyo da misi Zalisxmevis Sedegad miiRo 1919 wlis 20
marts arCeulma afxazeTis saxalxo sabWom dadgenileba avtonomiuri
statusiT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis SemadgenlobaSi
afxazeTis Sesvlis Sesaxeb 108
569
eno emil _ I msoflio omis monawile rumineTis frontze, safrangeTis
armiis kapitani, xelmZRvanelobda safrangeTis saidumlo samsaxurs
ukrainaSi. frangi vice-konsuli kievSi gansakuTrebuli uflebamo
silebiT da konsuli odesaSi. 1918-1919 ww. rusofili. TeTrdvard
ielTa momxre. iasis (rumineTi) TaTbiris Catarebis erT-erTi inicia
tori 403
eraZe giorgi pavles Ze _ rsdmp-s baTumisa da Tbilisis komitetebis
wevri, iyo rsdmp londonis (1907) yrilobis delegati tfilisis or
ganizaciidan. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg iyo tfili
sis muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile. 1917
wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1919
wels _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partiis
siiT), 1918-1919 ww. iyo Sromis ministris moadgile, 1919 wlis bolos
dainiSna Sromisa da momaragebis ministrad da daevala sasursaTo
krizisis daZlevisTvis muSaoba. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106, 204, 553
v
vadaWkoria solomon ivanes Ze _ politikosi, muSaobda asoTam
wyobad tipografiebSi. 1898 wels SeuerTda „mesame dass“. ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „menSevikebis“ fraqciis wev
ri, 1901 w-dan 1908 wlamde iyo rsdmp-is Tbilisis komitetis wevri.
aralegalur gazeT „dilas“ pasuxismgebeli redaqtori. saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa (1918 w.) da dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (social demokratiuli partiis saTadarigo
siiT 1919 wlis maisidan.) Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani. demokra
tiuli respublikis mTvrobis topografiis gamge. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 358
vardoianci mikiC karapetis Ze _ ganaTleba Tbilisis saxelosno sas
wavlebelSi miiRo. rsdmp-s wevri 1898 wlidan, 1905 wlidan menSeviki,
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokrati
uli partia). wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri; sax
alxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevri. okupaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo
winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 106
vilsoni Tomas vudro _ politikosi, amerikis SeerTebuli Sta
tebis 28-e prezidenti (1913--21 ww), nobelis samSvidobo premiis lau
reati (1919) 405
z
zaxarovi dimitri vasilis Ze _ iuristi, swavlobda moskovis uni
versitetSi, iuridiul fakultetze. is aseve iricxeboda moskov
is sasamarTlo palataSi moskovis olqis nafic veqilTa siaSi. 1910
570
w-dan veqilad daiwyo muSaoba soxumSi, Semdeg ki soxumis olqis ko
misari gaxda. 1919 wels arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad so
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT 108
zurabovi arSak _ seimis deputati. social-demokrati, qalaq
Tbilisis mosaxleobis warmomadgeneli ruseTis II saxelmwifo duma
Si, 1917 w-is 11 ivnisis rsdmp (menSevikebis) amierkavkasiis VI yriloba
ze arCeul iqna amierkavkasiis social-demokratiuli organizaciebis
saolqo komitetis wevrad 557
zurabovi nerses _ jariskaci, 1918 wels mivlinebuli iyo muSaTa,
glexTa da jariskacTa deputatebis komitetSi 557
T
TayaiSvili eqvTime svimonis Ze _ (wminda eqvTime RvTiskaci), qarT
veli mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, akademikosi, Tbili
si saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. ozurgeTis sa
mazro saswavleblisa da quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis dasrulebis
Semdeg, 1887 wels daamTavra peterburgis saimperatoro univer
sitetis istoria-filologiis fakulteti, iqve moipova mecniere
baTa kandidatis xarisxic. aqtiurad monawileobda, saqarTvelos
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis dafuZnebaSi, 1917 wels iyo saqarT
velos pirveli erovnuli yrilobis delegati, gaxda sabWos wevri, uZ
Rveboda sabWos sabiblioTeko komisias, 1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri, arCeuli iyo krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgiled, aseve
muSaobda damfuZnebeli krebis saxalxo ganaTlebis, xelovnebis komis
iebSi. (erovnul-demokratiuli partia), qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, saqarTvelos saistorio
da saeTnografio sazogadoebis damaarsebeli da Tavmjdomare. misi
TaosnobiT dafuZnda saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi 15, 59, 63, 79, 108,
117, 153, 154, 156, 159, 187, 200, 201, 239, 251, 283, 291, 431, 469, 501, 527
Tevzaia biqtor vasilis Ze _ iuristi, qarTveli social-demokrati,
revolucioneri, publicisti, Jurnalisti, (fsevdonimi „b. TeklaTe
li“). daamTavra Jenevis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti, amave
universitetSi, rogorc privat-docenti, politikur ekonomiaSi
leqciebs kiTxulobda. 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi aqtiur
monawileobas iRebda foTsa da samegreloSi. 1917 airCies soc. dem.
partiis centralur komitetSi. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub
likis periodSi iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wev
ri. damfuZnebel krebaSi muSaobda Sromis komisiaSi. 1918-1920 ww-Si
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis elCi ukrainis saxalxo re
spublikaSi 106
TevzaZe sardion onisimes Ze _ ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo. 1904 wli
dan Sedis ruseTis sdp (social-demokratiuli partia), 1917 wlidan
571
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg damfuZnebeli krebis wevria.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri.
1924 wlis ajanyebis monawile. saqarTvelos bolSevikuri okupaciis
Semdeg saqarTvelo ar dautovebia 108, 154, 200, 232, 532
TofuriZe diomide aleqsandres Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, so
cial-demokrati, Jurnalisti, iuristi. umaRlesi ganaTleba Jenevis
da parizis iuridiul fakultetebze miiRo. erTxans iyo gaz. „kva
lis“ redaqtori. Semdeg rusul gamocemebSi muSaobda saratovsa da
moskovSi. 1903 monawileoba miiRo rsdmp-is II yrilobaze da miemxro
menSevikebs. iyo amierkavkasiis da Semdeg saqarTvelos momaragebis
komitetis Tavmjdomare. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1919 wels airCies
quTisis qalaqis Tavad. 1919 wels muSaobda baTumSi saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis diplomatiuri misiis xelmZRvaneblad.
iyo CarTuli baTumSi myof inglisis warmomadgenlebTan molaparake
bebSi, sadac ara erTxel daisva rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianobis, aseve,saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis de faqto
da de iure aRiarebis sakiTxi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 107, 345, 362
i
imnaiSvili nikifore besarionis Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlob
da germaniaSi hales universitetis filosofiis fakultetze. 1904
SeuerTda rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. eweoda pedagogiur
saqmianobas. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg goris mazris
muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, 1918 wlidan erovnuli
sabWosa da 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokra
tiuli partiis siiT. krebaSi saqmianobda ganaTlebis, sabiblioTe
ko, sareglamento da safinanso-sabiujeto komisiebSi. iyo Tbilisis
erovnuli samxatvro galereis da foTis radiosadguris Seqmnis ini
ciatori, 1920 wlidan social-demokratiuli, Sida opoziciis gazeT
„axali sxivis“ jgufis wevri. „sxivelebTan“ erTad moiTxovda parti
isa da samTavrobo Tanamdebobebis SeuTavseblobis sakiTxis mogvare
bas. 1921 w-is TebervalSi jgufi damfuZnebel krebaSi damoukidebel
social-demokratiul fraqciad Camoyalibda. sabWoTa ruseTis mier
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Semdeg darCa
saqarTveloSi. TanamoazreebTan erTad garkveuli periodi gamosce
mda gaz. „axali sxivs“. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe
li sazogadoebis xaSuris ganyofilebis namdvili wevri 60, 108, 154,
200, 473, 483
iremaSvili ioseb giorgis Ze _ pedagogi, politikosi, 1898 wli
dan iyo rsdm partiis wevri. daamTavra goris sasuliero seminaria
572
da swavla Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi gaagrZela. aswavlida go
ris sasuliero seminariaSi. 1911 w-s i. iremaSvili iakob gogebaSvil
ma sakuTari xarjiT gagzavna kievSi saswavleblad, sadac daamTavra
kievis komerciuli instituti, misi moTxrobebi ibeWdeboda: „xoml
Si“, „naperwkalSi“, „axal azrSi“, „Cven gazeTSi“ da sxva gamocemebSi.
1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli
partiis saTadarigo siidan), iyo duSeTis komisari. qarTvelTa So
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. 1922 w-s bol
Sevikebma daapatimres da sxva social-demokratebTan erTad qveynidan
gaasaxles. emigraciaSi yofnisas dawera wigni „stalini da saqarTve
los tragedia’’, romelSic mwvaved akritikebda Tavis yofil megobar
sa da Tanamoazres i. stalins 358, 527
k
kaizeri _ (germ. Kaiser, laT. caesar) _ imperatorTa saxelwodeba, german
ul enaSi kaizeri aris imperatoris sinonimi. umravles sxva enebSi
ki kaizeri ufro xSirad ixmareba gaerTianebuli germaniis imperiis
(1871 _ 1918) („meore raixi“) imperatorebis misamarTiT 428
kalaZe ermaloz Tedores Ze _ social-demokrati, ganaTleba jer
ojaxSi, Semdeg ki soflis saswavlebelSi miiRo. 1905 wlidan iyo
rsdmp-s menSevikebis fraqciis wevri, 1919 wels airCies saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (so
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. 1917-1921 wlebSi iyo sax
alxo gvardiis Sorapnis Stabis wevri 108, 155
kandelaki konstantine platonis Ze _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis saxelmwifo moRvawe, daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sem
inaria da moskovis komerciuli instituti. iyo finansTa da vaWro
ba-mrewvelobis ministris moadgile (1918-1919) da Semdeg (1919-1921)
ministri, didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub
likis fulis niSnis (bonis) mimoqcevaSi SemoRebis mizaniT Catarebul
mosamzadebel samuSaoSi. misi faqsimile dafiqsirebuli iyo qarTuli
qaRaldis niSnis yvela nominalze. misi saqmianobis Sedegad im perio
dis qarTuli maneTi mezobel qveynebTan SedarebiT stabilur kurss
inarCunebda. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga
doebis wevri 14, 73, 107, 338
kareci _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 546
kaciaSvili nikoloz aRdgomelis Ze _ social-demokratiuli
partiis wevri 1899 wlidan. saSualo ganaTleba Tbilisis saTavadaz
nauro gimnaziaSi miiRo. monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluciaSi, 1907
wels monawileoba miiRo rsdmp-is londonis yrilobaSi, 1907 wels
arCeul iqna Tbilisis guberniidan ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros
mdivnad. 1919 wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi moipova wevris
573
mandati saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT,
Tumca krebis gaxsnamde moulodnelad gardaicvala 108
kaxiZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 452
kaxiZe _ yaCaRi 350, 351
kedia spiridon malxazis Ze _ publicisti, saqarTvelos erovnul-
demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da Tavmjdomare;
swavlobda sorbonis universitetSi, daamTavra monpelies universi
teti da muSaobda fiziologiaSi doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad.
1917 wels Camoayaliba erovnul-demokratiuli partiis saorgani
zacio mTavari komiteti; 1917 wels airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad,
monawileobda amierkavkasia-osmaleTis baTumis sazavo konferencia
Si, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno da sakonstitucio komi
siaSi; 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad; iyo sakon
stitucio, TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis mudmivi
komisiebis wevri; parlamentSi Camoayaliba memarjvene opozicia da
mudmivad akritikebda xelisuflebis saqmianobis xarvezebs, miu
TiTebda Secdomebze, gansakuTrebiT qveynis Tavdacvis ganmtkicebis
saqmeSi. misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT momzadda konstituciis Tavi
„saxelmwifo Tavdacva“. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 76, 77, 86, 108, 142, 156, 212, 244, 352,
382, 417, 453, 492, 512, 521, 554
kvaracxelia ioseb antonis Ze _ 1904 wlidan rsdmp-s menSevikuri
fraqciis wevri, dawyebiTi ganaTleba walenjixis soflis skolaSi
miiRo. 1905 wels revoluciisas politikur saqmianobas eweoda soxum
Si; 1917 wels partiuli saqmianoba ganagrZo walenjixaSi, xelmZRvane
lobda wiTel razmebs. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokraiuli muSa
Ta partiis siiT 108
kvinitaZe giorgi ivanes Ze (namdvili gvari Ciqovani) _ gene
rali, daamTavra jer Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi, Semdeg konstan
tines samxedro saswavlebeli. ruseT-iaponiis 1904-1905 ww-is omis
monawile. msaxurobda aRmosavleT-cimbiris msrolelTa me-9 polk
Si. kapitani (1905). 1910 1-li TanrigiT daamTavra generaluri Sta
bis nikolozis saxelobis akademia. gagzavnil iqna me-16 grenaderTa
polkSi. 1911 kavkasiis samxedro olqis davalebaTa oberoficeria.
amave dros muSaobda samxedro saswavlebelSi. pirveli msoflio
omis monawile. podpolkovniki (1915). 1918-1921 ww-Si msaxurobda
saqarTvelos SeiraRebul ZalebSi. generali (1918). 1918 wels dain
iSna respublikis jarebis mTavarsardlad da ministris TanaSemwed.
maleve gadadga da gaxda sadaxlo-Sulaveris frontis sardlis,
general mazniaSvilis savele Stabis ufrosi. 1919 samxedro Senaer
Tebma misi meTaurobiT daamarcxes axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazraSi
mebrZoli separatistebi. ibrZoda e.w. „samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis“
574
mTavrobis SeiaraRebuli formirebebis winaaRmdeg. gaaTavisufla
Zveli qarTuli mxare artaani. 1920 wlis aprilSi dainiSna saqarT
velos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardlad. imave wlis 8 seqtem
bers datova Tanamdeboba. 1921 wlis 16 Tebervals mesamed dainiS
na qarTuli armiis mTavarsardlad. 18 Tebervlidan 24 Tebervlis
CaTvliT qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi misi sardlobiT icavdnen
dedaqalaqs. iyo qarTuli samxedro skolis damaarsebeli da pirve
li ufrosi 170, 171
kikaliSvili _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure. – 548.
kikvaZe Tevdore (Tedore) gabrielis Ze _ pedagogi, social-
demokrati, daasrula Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. aqtiurad
werda Jurnal „kvalSi“, iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri, ganaTlebis muSakTa profesiuli kavSirisa
da ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebuli saskolo komitetis da sais
torio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis wevri (1912 wlidan); qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisis ganyo
filebis mudmivi wevri; saqarTvelos gasabWobis Semdeg, 1921 wlidan
muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis komisariatSi, samxedro kooperativSi,
leqciebs kiTxulobda qarTul enaSi samxatvro akademiaSi, rusul
enas aswavlida pedagogiur institutSi 52, 108, 154
kiRuraZe lavrenti (lavrosi) pavles Ze _ fizika-maTematikosi,
ganaTleba iurievis universitetSi miiRo. iyo rsdmp-s wevri, aqti
urad monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi qalaq soxum
Si. 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, iyo agraruli
da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiebis wevri. arCeuli iyo qalaq foTis
sabWos xmosnad da sabWos Tavmjdomared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 108, 154, 155
kobiaSvili _ sasamarTlos wevri 450
kovaliovi mixeil andrias Ze _ rsdmp-is wevri, 1917 wlidan Tbili
sis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis aRmasrulebeli komitetis
wevri; saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT 106
kolCaki aleqsandre vasilis Ze _ saerTaSoriso antibolSevikuri
armiis generali, rusi samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, mecnieri da
polaruli mkvlevari, okeanografi, ruseTis samoqalaqo omSi TeTrg
vardiuli moZraobis erT-erTi lideri. ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTveli
da rusuli armiis mTavarsardali (1918 wlis noemberi 1920 wlis ian
vari). ruseT-iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio omis monawile wm. gior
gis kavaleri, admirali (1918) 284
koniaSvili aleqsandre grigolis Ze _ qarTveli general-maiori,
brigadis generali, pirveli msoflio omis monawile, swavlobda jer
575
tfilisis I klasikur gimnaziaSi, Semdeg _ tfilisis kadetTa saswav
lebelSi. monawileobda pirvel msoflio omSi. 1918 wels dainiSna
soWis olqisa da SavizRvispireTSi dislocirebuli qarTuli Senaer
Tebis sardlad. 1919 wels damarcxda denikinis armiasTan brZolaSi.
iyo Tbilisis miliciis ufrosi. 1920 wels monawileobda antisaxelm
wifoebrivi ajanyebis CaxSobaSi cxinvalis regionSi. 1921 wels meTau
robda saxalxo gvardiis batalionebs 550
konievi g. g. _ qalaqis mouravis amxanagi 552
kopaleiSvili ilia ivanes Ze _ daamTavra pirveladi saswavlebeli.
1898 wlidan social-demokratiuli jgufis wevri, rsdmp-s menSeviku
ri fraqciis aqtiuri wevri, partiis baTumis komitetis wevri (1903
w.). 1919 wlis TebervalSi arCeul iqna saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli mu
SaTa partiis siiT. krebaSi saqmianobda Sromis, agraruli da TviT
mmarTvelobis mimarTulebiT. soc. demok. partiis Sidaopozociuri
gazeTis „axali sxivis“ jgufis wevri. jgufis wevrebTan erTad moiTx
ovda partiisa da samTavrobo Tanamdebobebis SeuTavseblobis sakiTx
is mogvarebas. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis wevri 107, 154, 200
kulikovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548, 551
kuCarianci _ agenti 406, 407, 493
l
lasxiSvili giorgi mixeilis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moR
vawe, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da Sevida
odesis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, saidanac studentTa
xalxosnuri organizaciis wevrobisTvis garicxes. iyo saqarTvelos
socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli da lid
eri, safuZveli Cauyara „axalgazrda iverielebis“ erovnul-radi
kalur mimdinareobas, 1900-dan iyo partiuli gazeTis „cnobis fur
clis“ da sxva organoebis faqtobrivi redaqtori. 1905 wels parizSi
yofnisas iyo gazeT „saqarTvelos“ erT-erTi redaqtori. pirvel
erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, iyo prezid
iumis wevri, Sedioda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos e.w. droebiTi
koaliciuri mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSi, ekava ganaTlebis ministris
posti. misi reformebiT moxda qarTuli skolis nacionalizacia _
„gaerovneba“, maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli kursebis Seqmna qarTul
enaze swavlebisaTvis da sxv. 1919 wels airCies umaRlesi sakanonmde
blo organos _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad socialist-federalist
Ta partiidan; Sedioda sakonstitucio komisiis SemadgenlobaSi. igi
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri 61, 109, 541, 542, 543
576
lvovi giorgi evgenis Ze _ Tavadi, denikinis warmomadgeneli pariz
Si 284
lomTaTiZe aleqsandre spiridonis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe,
umaRlesi ganaTleba xarkovis universitetSi miiRo, sadac studen
tur moZraobas xelmZRvanelobda da erT-erT saukeTeso oratorad
iTvleboda. iyo Tbilisis xmosani pirveli msoflio omis dros, so
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri, monawileobda sruliad ruseTis
sabWoebis yrilobis muSaobaSi, iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZne
beli krebis wevri, arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomar
is moadgiled, faqtobrivad asrulebda Tavmjdomaris movaleobas,
radgan TviT Tavmjdomare, karlo CxeiZe, didi xniT evropaSi imyofe
boda. aRniSnul postze a. loTaTiZem Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc Seu
valma da miudgomelma Tavmjdomarem. damfuZnebeli krebis debatebs
is iSviaTi taqtiT xelmZRvanelobda da politikur wreebSi didi
avtoritetic moixveWa. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 57, 63, 79, 106, 117, 159,
187, 201, 239, 251, 291, 307, 357, 372, 399, 431, 469, 501, 527
lomTaZe _ yaCaRi 350
lominaZe _ yaCaRi 349
loria filipe glaxunis (glaxunas) Ze _ 1903 wlidan iyo ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri, menSeviki. ganaTleba
miiRo sofel noRas samrevlo skolaSimonawileobda 1905-1907 wlebis
revoluciebSi Tbilissa da ozurgeTis mazraSi. 1917 wlidan iyo mu
SaT da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos aRmaskomis wevri. 1918 wli
dan iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1919 wlis TebervalSi
airCies damfuZnebei krebis wevrad. iyo gzaTa da Sromis komisiebis
wevri. 1919 wlidan iyo Tbilisis sabWos xmosani. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 108, 154, 155
loskutovi andria vasilis Ze _ ruseTis social-demokratiuli
muSaTa partiis menSevikebis fraqciis wevri, TanamSromlobda qar
Tul social-demokratiul partiasTan. 1919 wels airCies saqarTve
los damoukidebeli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, Sedi
oda krebis Sromis komisiaSi 106, 154
m
mavoeli _ ingliseli eqimi 392
mamedovi gusein guli-mamed oRli, mamedovi husein yuli-
mamed oRli (mamedovi, mamed oRli) _ 1899 wlidan iyo ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. 1904 wlidan iyo mus
limuri social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „hummetis“ (energia)
erT-erTi damaarsebeli. 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos res
publikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokra
577
tiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. aqtiurad muSaobda saqarTvelos mus
limebis problemebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad
Camoyalibebul sxvadasxva komisiaSi. arCeuli iyo iormuRanlos Te
mis Tavmjdomared 51, 107
mark tveni (semiuel lenghorn klemensi) (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)
_ amerikeli mwerali 219
mayaSvili abel (balo) gabrielis Ze _ samxedro mosamsaxure. daam
Tavra yazanis qveiT iunkerTa saswavlebeli. ruseTis armiis generali,
saqarTvelos erovnuli armiis erTerTi mSenebeli, general-maiori,
pirveli msoflio omis monawile, 1918 wlidan msaxurobda qarTul
jarSi. 1918 wels somxeTTan omis dros iyo axalqalaq-axalcixis maz
ris general-gubernatori da axalqalaqis frontis sardali, Tbili
sis komendanti. 1919 w. msaxurobda azerbaijanis respublikis armiaSi.
1920 wels dainiSna ganjis samxedro skolis ufrosad 165
maWavariani ioseb ivanes Ze _ social-demokrati 1898 wlidan, 1905
wels miemxro rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. daamTavra Tbili
sis sasuliero seminaria. 1919 wels social-demokratiuli parti
idan airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad. krebaSi saqmianobda agrarul komisiaSi 61, 108, 154
maWavariani ioseb konstantines Ze (kvimati) _ iuristi, nafici
veqili, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, saqarTvelos erovnul-demokra
tiuli partiis TvalsaCino wevri. daasrula peterburgis saimper
atoro universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. samSobloSi dab
runebisTanave CaerTo sazogadoebriv da publicistur saqmianobaSi,
TanamSromlobda gazeT „cnobis furcelSi“. 1909 wlidan iyo qarT
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili
wevri. 1917 wels edp-is damfuZnebel yrilobaze airCies partiis mTa
vari komitetisa da misi prezidiumis wevrad, aseve edp-is Tavmjdom
aris moadgiled. 1918 wels airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, arCeuli
iyo sabWos mudmivmoqmed iuridiul komisiaSi; 1919 wels edp-s siiT
arCeul iqna saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo kre
bis iuridiuli komisiis wevri 61, 108, 156, 346, 351, 352, 363, 395, 449,
453, 484, 513, 514, 530
maxaraZe gerasime Tomas Ze _ politikosi, diplomati, miiRo saSu
alo ganaTleba, swavlobda peterburgis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze, 1918 wlis Tebervlidan iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wev
ri. 1918 wels dainiSna damoukidebeli saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa
ministris pirvel moadgiled. iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiidan), amasTan erTad
iyo Tbilisis muSaTa deputatebis sabWos erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli.
mis mier parlamentSi ramdenime kanon-proeqti iqna Setanili. 1919
wlis ivlisSi dainiSna somxeTis respublikaSi saqarTvelos warmo
578
madgenlad, 1920 wels ki _ saqarTvelos elCad sabWoTa ruseTSi 106,
154, 345, 475
maxvilaZe eleonora mixeilis asuli ter-farsegova _ pedagogi,
politikosi, swavlobda Tbilisis qalTa gimnaziis kursebze. iyo so
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis baTumis komitetis soxumis jgu
fis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli. jgufma 1905 wlis noember-dekemberSi
xelSi Caigdo soxumis mmarTveloba, Camoayaliba saxalxo milicia da
aiZula xmosnebi gadamdgariyvnen da daiwyo sayovelTao arCevnebiT
axali TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisTvis mzadeba. 1919 wels airCies
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wev
rad. iyo Sromisa da saxalxo janmrTelobis komisiebis wevri, araer
Ti sakanonmdeblo iniciativis avtori. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 154, 155
mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze _ mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze
(partiuli metsaxeli „tria“) _ politikuri moRvawe, karlo Cxei
ZesTan erTad monawileoba miiRo baTumis soc. demokratiuli orga
nizaciebis CamoyalibebaSi. Cabmuli iyo „mesame dasis“ saqmianobaSi.
1907 w-is seqtemberSi, ilia WavWavaZis dasaflavebaze, man muSebis
saxeliT warmoTqva gamosaTxovari sityva. 1908 wels evropaSi yof
nis dros, urTierTobda ruseTis soc.dem. moZraobis liderebTan:
plexanovTan, aqselrodTan da sxv. monawileobda sparseTis revolu
ciaSi. 1918-1921ww. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sa
xalxo komisari 107
mdivani svimon gurgenis Ze _ (cnobili bolSevikis _ budu mdivnis
Zma), qalaq baTumis TviTmmarTvelobis xmosani, baTumis saolqo komite
tis Tvmjdomare. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomar
is moadgiled social-federalistTa partiis kvotiT, Tavmjdomare
obda damfuZnebeli krebis gareSe saqmeTa komisias. iyo saqarTvelos
pirveli elCi somxeTis respublikaSi. 1921 wels mTavrobam wargzavna
elCad TurqeTSi _ qemalis mTavrobisTvis unda mietana saqarTvelos
gan TurqeTis cnobis firmani. igi mTeli cxovreba amayobda imiT, rom
pirveli iyo elCebs Soris, vinc TurqeTs Tavisufleba miuloca. iyo
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
59, 63, 79, 109, 117, 148, 156, 159, 186, 187, 201, 239, 291, 307, 345, 348, 357,
399, 400, 414, 431, 469, 483, 501, 526
meliqovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
mesxi _ okribas mcxovrebi 352
miTaiSvili aleqsandre _ leCxumis erobis Tavmjdomare 351
miliukovi pavle nikolozis Ze _ ruseTis imperiis cnobili poli
tikuri moRvawe, liberaluri opoziciis warmomadgeneli, istoriko
si da publicisti, ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis sagareo saqmeTa
579
ministri 1917 wels. samoqalaqo omis aqtiuri monawile. denikinis
warmomadgeneli parizSi. konstituciur-demokratiuli partiis, sa
xalxo Tavisuflebis patriis, kadetTa partiis lideri 284, 458
milni jorj frensisi _ baroni (salonikisa da rubislavis (aberdinis
sagrafo), britaneli mxedarTmTavari, feldmarSali, inglisis jarebis
sardali balkanebsa da Sav zRvaze. stambolis sardali 271, 281, 409
miteli _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
miqelaZe osman Savyi efendi _ qarTveli musulmani, umaRlesi ga
naTleba miiRo stambolis universitetSi. 1919 wlis agvistodan iyo
saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. umaRlesi
ganaTleba miiRo stambolis universitetSi. 1919 wlis seqtembridan
airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT;
iyo „samuslimano saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis komitetis“ wevri.
axalcixeSi gamomavali gazeTis „mesxeTis“ redaqtori 107, 179
miqelaZe _ milicieli 346, 347
monomaxi konstantine _ bizantiis imperatori 1042 wlis 11 ivnisi
dan 1055 wlis 11 ianvramde 18
morCaZe _ yaCaRi 346, 349, 350, 351
murvaniZe giorgi eqvTimes Ze _ pedagogi, ganaTleba foTSi miiRo,
samoqalaqo saswavlebelSi. 1902 wlidan gaerTianda rsdmp-Si, „men
Sevikebis“ fraqciaSi; 1905 wels iyo rsdmp guriis komitetis suf
sis raionuli komitetis warmomadgeneli; 1906 wels moRvaweobda
baqoSi, 1907 wels samudamod gadasaxlebul iqna cimbirSi, sadac
agrZelebda partiul saqmianobas; 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluci
is Semdeg airCies baikalispira rkinigzis komisrad. saqarTveloSi
dabrunebis Semdeg, 1918 wels, gaxda ozurgeTis qalaqisTavi. 1919
wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli
partiis siiT 107
mRvdliSvili mixeil _ sasamarTlo palatis Tavmjdomare 310, 359,
360, 362, 400, 432, 470, 484, 486
n
naTaZe grigol (gigo) iasonis Ze _ qarTveli istorikosi, msof
lios istoriis dargebis fuZemdebeli da medievistikis pirveli
warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi, profesori (1926), saqarTvelos ssr
mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, swavlobda Tbilisis qarTul sa
Tavadaznauro gimnaziaSi, Semdeg vaJTa meore gimnaziaSi. 1898 Sevida
kievis universitetis istoria-filologiis fakultetze, saidanac
studentur demonstraciebSi monawileobisaTvis, 1901-1902 ww-Si,
orjer garicxes universitetidan. mcire xniT swavla ganagrZo Jen
580
evis universitetSi. sabolood, 1907 eqsternad daamTavra moskovis
universiteti. aswavlida jer Tbilisis, Semdeg quTaisis qarTul saT
avadaznauro gimnaziebSi da saxalxo universitetebSi. iyo wera-kiT
xvis gamavrcelebeli da saeTnografio-saistorio sazogadoebebis
wevri, TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi. 1917 w-is Teberval-martis
demokratiuli revoluciis Semdeg g. naTaZe aqtiurad monawileobda
saqarTvelos politikur procesebSi, jer rogorc rusuli eserTa
partiis, 1918 w-dan ki saqarTvelos eserTa partiis TvalsaCino wev
ri. 1918 w-is maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos gafarToebul SemadgenlobaSi. iyo saqarTvelos damfuZnebe
li krebisa da eserTa partiis fraqciis wevri, (soc. revolucioneru
li partia, fraqciis mdivani). imavdroulad, ganagrZobda pedagogiur
moRvaweobas. muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis saministroSi, xelmZRvan
elobda saskolo dawesebulebaTa sammarTvelos. 1919 miiwvies Tbili
sis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sadac gardacvalebamde kiTxulobda
leqciebs da iyo Sua saukuneebis istoriis kaTedris gamge 52, 59, 61,
63, 68, 79, 109, 117, 156, 159, 201, 239, 251, 253, 255, 291, 292, 307, 357, 431,
469, 501, 527
naTaZe leo (levan) iasonis Ze _ politikosi, social-demokra
ti, Jurnalisti. daamTavra 4 klasi saTavadaznauro skolaSi, me-5-8
klasebi Tbilisis mesame gimnaziaSi, xolo umaRlesi ganaTleba peter
burgis universitetSi miiRo. iyo gaz. „Борьба“-s da social-demokra
tiuli gazeTis “erTobis“ redaqtori. kavkasiis samoswavlo olqis ko
misari. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa
da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), aqti
ur sakanonmdeblo muSaobas eweoda ganaTlebis sistemis reformire
bis xelSewyobis kuTxiT. monawileobda respublikis konstituciis
SemuSavebaSi. saqarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis wevri. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdego
bis moZraobaSi 60, 61, 107, 124, 128, 129, 133, 140, 150, 154, 155, 232, 304
nikolaZe nikoloz (niko) iakobis Ze _ didi qarTveli sazogado da
politikuri moRvawe, “TergdaleulTa~ brwyinvale warmomadgeneli,
publicisti, kritikosi, iuristi, samarTlis doqtori. daamTavra
quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da 1861 swavla peterburgis univer
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze ganagrZo. studentur demonstra
ciebSi monawileobis gamo daapatimres, universitets CamoaSores,
peterburgSi cxovreba aukrZales da saqarTveloSi gamoistumres.
monawileobda saqarTveloSi mimdinare Zvel da axal TaobaTa (mama
Ta da SvilTa) Soris gamarTul ideur-politikur brZolaSi. 1864 sa
frangeTSi gaemgzavra da sorbonis universitetSi Cairicxa. swavlob
da JenevaSic, dasrulebiT ki 1868 ciurixis universiteti daasrula.
iqve naSromisaTvis „ganiaraReba da misi ekonomikur-socialuri mniS
vneloba“ samarTlis doqtoris kvalifikacia miiRo. 1887-1891 ww.-Si sa
581
TaveSi edga TbilisSi gamomaval rusulenovan gazeT „Новое обозрение“-s,
Semdeg gamoscemda Jurnal „moambes“ 1894-1912 ww-Si iyo foTis qalaqis
Tavi da didi Rvawli dasdo portisa da qalaqis modernizacias. saqar
Tvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli.
1917 wlis ivnisSi edp-is pirvel yrilobaze yrilobis sapatio Tav
mjdomared airCies. 1917 wlis noemberSi iyo saqarTvelos pirveli
erovnuli yrilobis delegati. yrilobam igi erovnuli sabWos Semad
genlobaSi, sabWom ki Tavisi aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevrobis kan
didatad airCia. 1918 w-is maisSi, rogorc amierkavkasiis delegaciis
wevrma, monawileoba miiRo baTumis sazavo konferenciaSi baTumSi qa
rTveli delegatebis germaniis delegaciasTan daaxloebam daaCqara
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis gamocxa
deba, raSic TvalsaCino wvlili n. nikolaZes miuZRvis. aqve Seadgina
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtis erT-erTi proeqti, romelic
baTumSi Casul n. Jordanias gadasca. 1918 wlis 27-28 maiss CarTuli
iyo saqarTvelosa da germanias Soris foTis droebiTi SeTanxmebis
gaformebaSi.samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis gaweuli RvawlisaTvis
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetma n. nikolaZe Tamar mefis
ordeniT daajildova. 1919 w-is TebervalSi, edp-s siiT, airCies saqa
rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo krebis gzaTa komisiis
wevri. 1920 w-is aprilSi deputatobisagan ganTavisuflda, radgan
miavlines evropaSi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri misiis wevrad. iyo qa
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis foTisa
da Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 108, 156
nikolozi _ nikoloz II aleqsandres Ze _ ruseTis ukanaskneli im
peratori (1894-1917 wlebSi). poloneTis mefe, fineTis didi hercogi.
misi mmarTveloba 1917 wels ruseTis revoluciiT dasrulda 510
niniZe kirile ieses Ze _ rsdmp-s wevri, menSvikuri fraqciis wevri;
swavlobda dorpatis universitetSi. 1908 wlidan qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, iyo am sazogadoe
bis mdivani xonsa da xaSurSi. erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919
wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, damoukidebeli social-demokra
tiuli fraqciis wevri. 1920 w-dan akritikebda social-demokrati
uli partiis moqmedebas da partiis SigniT opoziciur jgufs saTave
Si Caudga. partias ZiriTadad mTavrobisa da centraluri komitetis
gaumijnaobaSi adanaSaulebda. 1920 w-is bolos ramdenime pirTan er
Tad gamoeyo social-demokratiul partias. maT gamosces jer gaze
Ti „axali sxivi“, xolo Semdeg, 1921 wels, Seqmnes damoukidebeli
social-demokratiuli fraqcia damfuZnebel krebaSi, am jgufs „sx
ivelebi“ ewoda. aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli 1924 w-is ajanyebaSi. iyo sam
xedro komisiis wevri. advokatobas uwevda saqarTvelos kaTolikos
patriarq ambrosi xelaias 70, 106, 154, 155, 184, 194, 195, 205, 210, 220,
223, 262, 268, 311, 330, 450, 545, 550, 554
582
nodia vasil giorgis Ze _ muSa, social-demokrati, revolucioneri
da publicisti. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 107,
154, 155, 526
nucubiZe (Salva) varlam isakis Ze _ cnobili qarTveli filoso
fosi, sazogado moRvawe, mecnieri da mTargmneli, literaturaT
mcodne, kulturis istorikosi, qarTuli filosofiis istoriis
mecnieruli skolis fuZemdebeli, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka
demiis akademikosi. 1910 daamTavra peterburgis universitetis
istoria-filologiis fakulteti filosofiis ganxriT. 1911-1914
ww-Si iyo laifcigis universitetis studenti. laifcigSi yofnis
dros Camoayaliba originaluri filosofiuri moZRvreba _ aleTo
logia. 1915 mieniWa aRniSnuli universitetis filosofiis doqto
ris xarisxi. 1916-1918 ww-Si peterburgis universitetis leqtoria.
iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos da
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri saqarTvelos memarcxene social-feder
alistTa partiidan. partia gamoeyo ZiriTad partias da 1921-1923
ww-Si TanamSromlobda bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan, Tumca mkac
rad akritikebda maT erovnul politikas. S. nucubiZe iyo qarTvel
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 36, 42,
51, 109, 156, 200
nucubiZe ilia daviTis Ze _ daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sas
wavlebeli. swavlobda kievis komerciul institutSi. iyo ruseTis
socialist-revolucionerTa partiis wevri, 1918 wlis maisSi Seqm
nili saqarTvelos socialist-revolucionerTa partiis erT-erTi
lideri. Sedioda partiis centraluri organos, gazeT „Sromis“
saredaqcio kolegiaSi.1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos demokra
tiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wels
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, Sedioda eserTa partiis xuT
kacian fraqciaSi 60, 61, 108, 194, 200, 231, 232, 233, 310, 345, 349, 350,
351, 352, 456
o
oniaSvili daviT efremis Ze _ erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), menSeviki. saSualo ga
naTleba miiRo goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi, SemdgomSi swavla
ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. umaRlesi iuridiuli
ganaTleba miiRo iurievis (tartus) da laifcigis universiteteb
Si. 1904 SeurTda social-demokratiul partias. 1918 w-is Teber
val-maisSi iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, social-demokratebis
fraqciis saxeliT. 1918 w-is 22 aprils amierkavkasiis damoukide
blobis gamocxadebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba seimis sxdomaze
swored man gaakeTa. 1917 saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobaze airCies
583
erovnuli sabWos wevrad social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. xeli
moawera 26 maisis damoukideblobis aqts. erovnul sabWoSi asruleb
da mdivnis movaleobas. eweoda aqtiur sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas,
iyo araerTi kanonis iniciatori. 1919 w-is TebervalSi airCies dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi xelmZ
Rvanelobda krebis iuridiul komisias, aseve iyo TviTmmarTvelo
bisa da safinanso komisiis wevri. 1920 w-is 3 dekembers saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis miwaTmoqmedebis ministrad dainiSna.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
mudmivi wevri, Tbilisis, gorisa da foTis ganyofilebis wevri.
sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
okupaciis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi. aqtiurad monawileobda wi
naaRmdegobis moZraobaSi. iyo social-demokratebis aralegaluri
centraluri komitetis wevri. monawileobda damoukideblobis
komitetis saqmianobaSi da CarTuli iyo ajanyebis momzadebis pro
cesSi 8, 61, 106, 118, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 255, 256, 257,
268, 270, 331, 332, 341, 444, 445, 470, 526
p
paiWaZe _ ingliseli eqimis _ mavoelis mkvlelobaSi braldebuli 394
panievi (fanianci) konstantine abgeris Ze _ social-demokrati.
rsdm partiis wevri 1905 w-dan. Tavdapirvelad bolSevikuri partiis
wevri iyo. 1918 airCies soxumis qalaqis sabWoSi. 1919 w-is Teberval
Si social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad airCies. Sedioda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da safinanso-
sabiujeto komisiebSi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis gamgeobis wevri. qalaqis
TviTmarTvelobis sasursaTo ganyof. gamge. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg
Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 61, 107
panCuliebi (igulisxmeba faCuliebi) _ sagangebo razmis xel
mZRvanelebi 554
paSalidi (faSalidisi) ivane (ionis) giorgis Ze _ social-
demokrati, saberZneTis socialisturi partiis damfuZnebeli. saSu
alo ganaTleba miiRo Tbilisis rusul gimnaziaSi. umaRlesi ganaT
lebis misaRebad jer odesis universitetSi swavlobda, saidanac
studenturi moZraobis wevrobisTvis garicxes, Semdeg moskovis uni
versitetSi moipova eqimis 317 diplomi. 1903 w-dan rsdmp-s wevri.
eqimad muSaoba daiwyo qalaq soxumSi, aqtiurad monawileobda so
cial-demokratiuli organizaciebis saqmianobaSi. 1917 w-dan SeuerT
da qarTul social-demokratiul partias. iyo damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT, iyo afxazeTis
erovnuli sabWos wevri. TanamSromlobda qarTul da saqarTveloSi
gamomaval berZnul gazeTebTan. – 107.
584
pepinovi, axmed pepinaSvili _ omar faikis disSvili, gadaiqca qa
rTveli moqalaqidan azerbaijanel moqalaqed, (seimis wevri) social
isturi fraqciis lideri gaxda azerbaijanis parlamentSi. pepinovis
Semoyvanilia pirveli matarebeli wiTlebiT yovelgvari brZolis ga
reSe baqoSi 164
petliura simon vasilis Ze _ ukraineli samxedro da politikuri
moRvawe, ukrainis damoukideblobisTvis mebrZoli, ukrainis saxalxo
respublikis direqtoriis meTauri (1919-1920), flotis armiis mTa
vari sardali 388
petre I didi _ sruliad ruseTis ukanaskneli mefe (1682 wlidan) da
sruliad ruseTis pirveli imperatori 1721 wlidan) 484
platoni _ berZeni filosofosi, sokrates moswavle, aristoteles
maswavlebeli, filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis
damfuZnebeli 411
J
Jordania noe nikolozis Ze _ Jordania noe nikolozis Ze _ qar
Tuli social-demokratiis aRiarebuli lideri, publicisti, Te
oretikosi, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis wevri. monawileobda pirveli qarTuli marqsistuli
organizaciis „mesame dasis“ dafuZnebaSi. daamTavra Tbilisis sa
suliero seminaria. swavlobda varSavis veterinarul institutSi.
1903 wels iyo rsdmp kavkasiis kavSiris komitetis wevri, imave wels
saTaTbiro xmiT monawileobda rsdmp II yrilobaSi da miemxro menSe
vikebs. im periodSi mkveTrad daupirispirda erovnuli saxelmwi
foebriobis aRdgenis moTxovnas saqarTvelos avtonomiis formiT.
1905-1907 ww. Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT warmoebda ideur-orga
nizaciuli brZola bolSevizmis winaaRmdeg. 1917 wlis Tebervlis
revoluciis Semdeg saTaveSi Caudga axali xelisuflebis revolu
ciur organoebs. 1917 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul
yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos, aRmasrulebeli komitetisa da
prezidiumis Tavmjdomared. 1918 wlis 26 maiss n. Jordaniam erovnu
li sabWos saxeliT saqarTvelos damoukideblba gamoacxada. 1919
wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi social-demokratiuli parti
is saarCevno siis pirveli nomeri iyo. 21 martidan damfuZnebelma
krebam saqarTvelos damoukidebeli demokratiuli respublikis
mTavrobis Tavmjdomared airCia 7, 18, 28, 37, 41, 42, 58, 71, 72, 73, 80,
106, 129, 153, 266, 281, 506, 507, 518, 546
Joresi Jan _ frangi politikuri moRvawe, 1902 wels saTaveSi Caudga
safrangeTis socialistur partias. 1905 wlidan gaerTianebuli so
cialisturi partiis erT-erTi lideri 260, 265, 269
JorJolaZe eristo _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347
585
JorJolaZe _ studenti 352
JRenti viqtor (leonti) almasxanis Ze _ social-demokrati, ga
naTleba baTumis saxe _ losno saswavlebelSi miiRo, profesiiT feiqa
ri iyo. 1918 wlidan gaxda erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg 1919 wels dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri. muSaobda cxinvalSi sagangebo rwmunebulad.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis tuaf
sesa da Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 108, 155
r
ramiSvili isidore ivanes Ze _ politikosi, cnobili pedagogi da
ganmanaTlebeli, social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damaarse
beli. Tavdapirvelad ganaTleba miiRo ozurgeTis sasuliero saswav
lebelSi, SemdgomSi swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminari
aSi. 1906 monawileobda rsdmp-s stokholmis konferenciaSi Tbilisi
organizaciis mandatiT. 1906 w-s airCies ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros deputatad. 1907 monawileobda rsdmp londonis V yri
lobaSi. 1913-1917 ww-Si gadasaxlebuli iyo samaris guberniaSi. 1917
saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobaze social-demokratebis siiT airCies
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, amave wels _ ruseTis
damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad. iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri. 1918
wels osmaleTis armiis Semotevisas natanebis frontze aqtiur poli
tikur daxmarebas uwevda general mazniaSvils. 26 maiss xeli moawera
damoukideblobis aqts. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wev
rad social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. demokratiuli resublikis
dros iyo xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli soxumis olqSi. damoukide
blobis periodSi partiis centraluri komitetis davalebiT mog
zaurobda regionebSi da aqtiur propagandistul saqmianobas eweoda
rogorc partiis wevrebSi, aseve moqalaqeebSi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevri 106
ramiSvili noe besarionis Ze _ social-demokratiuli partiis
erT-erTi lideri; kavkasiis glexTa deputatebis sabWoebis centris
Tavmjdomare, qarTvel menSevikTa ck-s wevri da am partiis organos,
gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtori. daamTavra ozurgeTis sasuliero sas
wavlebeli. 1901 quTaisis sasuliero seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg,
derptis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze Sevida, Tumca revo
luciur moZraobaSi monawileobisaTvis garicxes da 1902 saqarTve
loSi dabrunda. 1908-1909 ww-Si swavlobda laifcigis universitetSi
(germania). Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg (1917) gaxda kavkasiis glex
Ta deputatebis sabWoebis centris Tavmjdomare, qarTvel menSevikTa
ck-is wevri da am partiis organos, gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtori. igi
cnobili iyo partiuli fsevdonimebiT: petre, semionovi n. 1917 w-is
noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 w-is
586
26 maiss, rodesac saqarTvelom damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrioba
aRidgina, n. ramiSvilis meTaurobiT Seiqmna saqarTvelos droebiTi
mTavroba, Tumca erT TveSi, 24 ivniss, gadadga da xelisufleba n. Jor
danias gadasca. ramiSvilma Sinagan saqmeTa ministris posti Caibara
da, paralelurad, 1919 w-is ganmavlobaSi iyo samxedro ministri.
imave wels aseve airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. misi xelmZRvan
elobiT mimdinareobda jaris reorganizacia, ganaTlebis reforma,
kavSirgabmulobis sferos ganviTareba, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
iCenda Tbilisis universitetis mimarT. Sss ministrobis dros ki ux
elmZRvanela saqarTvelos mivardnil soflebSi gzebis gayvanas, fos
ta-telegrafisa da skolebis aSenebas. man mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTa
antisaxelmwifoebrivi aqciebisa da spekulaciis winaaRmdeg brZoli
saken. Ss saministroSi Camoayaliba gansakuTrebuli razmi, romelsac
qveyanaSi wesrigi unda daecva. razmma didi roli Seasrula saxelmwi
fos uSiSroebisaTvis gamorCeuli principulobisa da ukanonobasTan
Seurigebeli brZolis gamo, damoukideblobis wlebSi zedmetsaxelad
„rkinis ministri“ Searqves. iyo Sinagan saqmeTa, samxedro da ganaT
lebis ministri; saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli
Tavmjdomare; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis wevri. qarTuli emigraciis wevrebidan yvelaze aqtiurad
uWrda mxars 1924 wlis ajanyebas, CarTuli iyo poloneli xalxis an
tisabWoTa moZraobaSi 73, 106, 181, 304, 348, 349, 366, 453, 454
rebruxi _ muSa 550
reiteri pol _ inglisSi1849 wels erT-erTi udidesi sainformacio
saagento „reiteris“ damaarsebeli 394, 395, 408
rusia meliton ivanes Ze _ iuristi, iyo ruseTis social-demokrati
uli muSaTa partiis wevri; saSualo ganaTleba lanCxuTSi miiRo, ris
Semdegac kerZo pedagogoba daiwyo. saswavleblad xarkovSi gaemgza
vra, magram studentur gamosvlebSi monawileobis gamo saswavlebli
dan garicxes. 1904 wels tfilisis social-demokratiuli muSaTa or
ganizaciis wevri gaxda. muSaobda „menSevikebis“ fraqciaSi. 1917 wlis
noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 wlis
ganmavlobaSi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamen
tis wevri. 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos respublikis dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis siiT. iyo TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis Tavmjdomare, iurdi
uli, teqnikuri, centraluri saarCevno da sakonstitucio komisiebis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri 61, 107, 154, 155, 169, 355
ruxaZe levan porfiles Ze _ social-demokrati, ganaTleba miiRo
saostato saswavlebelSi, eweoda pedagogiur saqmianobas. axalgaz
rdobidanve SeuerTda rsdm partias. 1917 w-is dekemberSi aqtiurad
monawileobda social-demokratiuli partiis wiTeli gvardiis
587
SeqmnaSi. iyo saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebebis wevri, misi Taosno
biT aRdga obolTa TavSesafari da sxva dawesebulebebi axalcixeSi.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wev
ri social-demokratiuli partiidan, saxalxo gvardiis yrilobaze
airCies mTavari Stabis wevrad. sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi.
monawileobda antisabWoTa gamosvlebSi. 1922 gadaasaxles saqarT
velodan 108, 200
rcxilaZe grigol (gigo) simonis Ze _ politikosi da sazogado
moRvawe, iuristi, publicisti, kritikosi. daamTavra Tbilisis gim
nazia, Semdeg, 1902 wels peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli
fak-ti. monawileobda socialist-federalisturi partiis daarse
baSi, 1909 wels Seadgina partiis programa. 1919 wlis martidan dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (soc. federalistTa sarevolucio partia),
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos sazavo delegaciis wevri. Sedioda „sa
konstitucio safuZvlebis Semdgeni komisiis“ SemadgenlobaSi. iyo
pirveli qarTuli universitetis daarsebis aqtiuri monawile da Se
dioda universitetis damaarsebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobis Semad
genlobaSi. damoukideblobis bolo TveebSi airCies damfuZnebeli
krebis socialist-federalisturi fraqciis Tavmjdomared. qar
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelis sazogadoebis namdvi
li wevri 109, 156, 354
s
sabaxtaraSvili konstantine beJanis (beJukis) Ze _ diplomati.
gimnaziis dasrulebis Semdeg swavla ganagrZo moskovis universite
tis iuridiul fakultetze, Tumca 1905 wlis moskovis SeiaraRebul
ajanyebaSi monawileobis gamo ver daasrula. mogvianebiT, JenevaSi
gaemgzavra, sadac iuridiuli mecnierebis Seswavla ganagrZo da uma
Rlesi saswavlebeli warmatebiT daamTavra. JenevaSi igi emigrantebis
social-demokratiul jgufs SeuerTda. 1917 wlis Tebrvlis revo
luciis Semdeg dabinavda foTSi, sadac revoluciur organizaciebs
xelmZRvanelobda. am periodidan k. sabaxtaraSvili sxvadasxva sapa
suxismgeblo Tanamdebobaze muSaobda, qalaq baTumis ganaxlebuli
TviTmmarTvelobis qalaqis Tavi. iyo erovnuli sabWos wevri mcire
xniT, ekava Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgilis Tanamdeboba, Semdeg
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partia).
ekava sagareo sameTa ministris moadgile, wargzavnil iqna saqarTve
los demokratiuli republikis elCad italiaSi. iyo qarTvelTa So
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
savinkovi boris _ denikinis warmomadgeneli parizSi 284
sazonovi _ denikinis warmomadgeneli parizSi 284
588
salayaia ioseb beJanis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), damoukidebeli saqa
rTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgeneli poloneTSi. Tavmjdomareobda
varSavaSi arsebul qarTul sazogadoebas. qarTvelTa Soris wera-
kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106, 154, 345, 354
saluqvaZe anania maqsimes Ze (JuJispireli) _ social-demokrati,
muSaobda social-demokratiis Tbilisis organizaciaSi, social-
demokratiuli muSaTa partiis saolqo komitetis wevri, saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis periodSi iyo erovnuli sabWosa da
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. werda moTxrobebs. iyo qarTvelTa So
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. saqarTvelos
gasabWoebis Semdeg emigraciaSi wasvlaze uari ganacxada. 1924 w-is
ajanyebis Semdeg daapatimres da yirimSi gadaasaxles 107, 155, 200
sayvareliZe pavle daviTis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, publicisti,
social-demokrati („alioneli“); erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebe
li krebis wevri; damfuZnebeli krebis sakonstitucio komisiis Tav
mjdomare. ilaSqrebda osuri separatizmis winaaRmdeg. man uaryo e.w.
„samxreT oseTis“ erovnuli sabWos mier warmodgenil e.w. „samxreT os
eTis“ kantonis proeqti, romelic moiTxovda avtonomiur warmonaqmns
ara marto Sida qarTlis, aramed saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebzec
(duSeTi, raWa, Sorapani). qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele
beli sazogadoebis wevri, sarevizio komisiis wevri 37, 38, 40, 60, 61,
107, 155, 232, 233, 292, 299, 302, 303, 311, 371, 383, 440, 505, 507, 509
servedbeg-aTabegovi (serverbed-aTebegovi) serveT-beg-aTebe-
govi _ seimis wevri, warmoSobiT qarTveli, iyvnen gvarad jayeli.
serverbeg aTabegis mama iyo axalcixis faSa. ruseTma gadmoibira es
faSa, da misca tituli – princ qoblianski adigenski da daarqves
gvari aTabegov. e. i. mama begebisa, Turqulad aTa – mamaa 164, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 393
simeoni _ simeon RvTismetyveli 28
sirbilaZe ermaloz ivanes Ze (metsaxeli emil) _ pedagogi, Tav
dapirvelad saswavleblad Telavis skolaSi Sevida, Semdeg ki swavla
Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi ganagrZo. pedagogiur moRvaweoba
daiwyo duSeTis mazraSi, eweoda revoluciur propagandas. iyo dam
fuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis saTadarigo
siidan. 1919 wlidan xdeba saqarTvelos saxalxo gvardiis mTavari
Stabis wevri. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani 358
sirbilaZe vasili lukas-Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347
sirbilaZe _ yaCaRi 349
soloRaSvili ana (olRa) ilias asuli _ pedagogi, sazogado
moRvawe. daamTavra xarkovis universitetis istoria-filologi
is fakulteti istoriis specialobiT. 1903 w-dan iyo saqarTvelos
589
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. pedagogiur saqmia
nobasTan erTad revoluciur gamosvlebSic monawileobda. marqsis
tul ideebsa da aralegalur revoluciur literaturas acnobda
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebSi rvoluciurad ganwyobil muSebs,
am saqmeSi Cabmuli iyo ZmasTan _ grigolTan da dasTan _ evgeniasTan
erTad. misi TaosnobiT baTumSi gaixsna nuriis bazari, agreTve,
wignTsacav-samkiTxvelo. 1917 w-is noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevrad. iyo goris qalTa internacionaluri ka
vSiris erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da gamgeobis wevri. 1918 w-s iyo
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri; 1919
wlis 12 martidan iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokra
tiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. iyo saredaqcio, sapensio da centra
luri saarCevno komisiebis wevri, sabiblioTeko komisiis mdivani.
misi iniciativiTa da moxsenebiT saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam
miiRo dekretebi da kanonebi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani;
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
61, 161, 162, 163, 188, 189, 192, 200, 202, 242, 243, 244, 249, 288, 289, 290,
362, 502, 503, 529
sulaqveliZe apolon almasxanis Ze _ ruseTis social-demokrati
uli muSaTa partiis wevri. ganaTleba soflis skolaSi miiRo. 1919
wels saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis siiT arCeul iqna
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. 1921 wels datova par
tia da monawileobda fraqcia „sxivis“ SeqmnaSi (fraqciis lideri _
grigol giorgaZe), fraqciis social-demokratiuli partiisgan gam
oyofis mTavar mizezad „sxielebi“ asaxelebdnen partiis liderebis
erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobisken swrafvas,Sidapartiuli demokrati
is Sesustebas, warumatebel politikur kurss 107
sulTanovi _ eqimi, eweoda panTurqistul agitacias 164
surgulaZe simon elizbaris Ze _ social-demokrati, rsdrp-s wev
ri, 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 107
surgulaZe petre rostomis Ze _ Jurnalisti, saqarTvelos Ta
visuflebisaTvis aqtiuri mebrZoli, erovnul-demokratiuli parti
is erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. 1894 daamTavra Tbilisis aleqsandres saxe
lobis saostato (samaswavleblo) instituti. pedagogiur saqmianobas
Seudga quTaisis progimnaziaSi gamge-maswavleblad, xolo Semdeg
muSaobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro gimnaziis istoriis pedagogad.
1909 p. surgulaZis redaqtorobiT daarsda erovnul-demokrati
uli mimarTulebis yovelkvireuli Jurnali „eri“, romelic Tergda
leulTa Jurnalistur tradiciebs ganagrZobda da mTel Zalisxmevas
erovnuli interesebis dacvas axmarda. igi iyo damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, samxedro komisiis wevri. Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis droe
biT komisiaSi, romelmac 1919 wlis martSi axalcixe-axalqalaqis maz
rebSi server-begis xelmZRvanelobiT mowyobili ajanyebis mizezebi,
590
Sedegebi da regionSi arsebuli viTareba Seiswavla. xSirad aqveyneb
da statiebs edp-s mTavar beWdviT organoSi, gazeT „saqarTveloSi“
saxelmwifoebrivi da samxedro aRmSeneblobis aqtualur sakiTxebze.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri, TurqeTSi emigraciaSi yofnis dros iyo edp-s sazRvargareTu
li centraluri biuros wevri 51, 108, 156, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370,
475, 478, 480, 481, 482
t
tatiSvili ivane (giorgi) aleqsis Ze (metsaxeli: giorgi) _ ga
naTleba ojaxSi miiRo, bavSvobidanve muSaobda mojamagired.1905
wlidan rsdmp wevri, aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluci
ur moZraobaSi. monawileobda rsdmp Tbilisis komitetis partiul
jgufSi, romelic miznad isaxavda ilia WavWavaZis mkvlelobis ga
moZiebas 108, 154
tomsoni ser uiliam montgomeri _ general-maiori, britanuli
saeqspedicio korpusis sardali sparseTSi, Semdeg samxreT kavkasiaSi.
britaneTis armiis generlebis msgavsad ar iyo saqarTvelos demokra
tiuli respublikis xelisuflebisadmi keTilganwyobili 393, 405
toroSeliZe (orjonikiZe) minadora efremis asuli _ politi
kuri moRvawe, eqimi, medicinis doqtori, social-demokrati. quTai
sis wm. ninos qalTa gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdgom swavla gaagrZela
Jenevis universitetis medicinis fakultetze (1901), sadac dauaxlo
vda marqsistul jgufebs, aqtiurad muSaobda Jenevis socialistur
wreebSi `iskris~ damxmare jgufSi; iqve iqorwina malaqia toroSe
liZeze. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 w-is revoluciaSi, miemxro men
SevikTa fraqcias, misi meuRle ki bolSevikebs. 1905 wels amierkavka
siaSi social-demokratiul partiaSi ganxeTqilebis dawyebis Semdeg
iyo aqtiuri „menSeviki~. 1906 kvlav JenevaSi dabrunda swavlis dasas
ruleblad. saidanac 1914 wels evakuaciis wesiT daabrunes ruseTis
imperiaSi. muSaobda Tbilisis qalTa kavSirSi. iyo Tbilisis qalTa so
cial-demokratiuli organizaciis xelmZRvaneli. 1917 w-is noembridan
iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, Semdgom ki, 1918 wels, saqa
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri. 1919 wels
airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad social-demokratebis siiT. iyo Sromis komisiis mdivani da sax
alxo janmrTelobis komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. wiTeli armiis
SemoWrisas iyo frontis xazze. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdgom, ameriku
li daxmarebis administraciaSi (American Relief Administration) muSaobis
paralelurad, xelmZRvanelobda qalTa aralegalur organizacias,
romlis mizani politpatimarTa ojaxebis daxmareba iyo. arCeuli iyo
saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris gamgeobis wevrad. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 154, 155
591
u
ugrexeliZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 352
urataZe grigol (griSa) ilarionis Ze _ saxalxo maswavlebeli,
social-demokratiuli partiis TvalsaCino moRvawe, guriis glex
Ta moZraobis erT-erTi meTauri. daamTavra ozurgeTis oTxklasiani
saswavlebeli, baTumSi ki samaswavleblo kursebi gaiara. muSaobda
lanCxuTis skolis maswavleblad. umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad
peterburgSi gaemgzavra, sadac fsiqonevrologiur institutSi
Caabara, Tumca ar dausrulebia. peterburgSi aqtiurad monawileob
da studentur gamosvlebSi. 1911 wels amierkavkasiis organizaciam
saswavleblad parizis social-demokratiuli partiis skolaSi gag
zavna. sadac Sexvda da axlos gaicno v. lenini, l. kamenevi, i. armamdi,
n. krupskaia, zinovievi, lunaCarski da sxv. kargad icnobda agreTve
rusuli menSevizmis liderebsac. 1915 wlidan n. Jordanias momxreTa
rigebSi Cadga, xelmZRvanelonda gazeT „axali kvalis“ gamocemas. 1918
wels iyo quTaisis saqalaqo sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile, erovnu
li sabWos wevri, 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli re
spublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. iyo samandato komisii wev
ri, aqtiurad muSaobda gazeT „erTobis“ redaqciaSi. monawileobda
ruseT-saqarTvelos samSvidobo xelSekrulebis momzadebaSi. doku
ments xeli moawera ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saxalxo komisris moadg
ile l. karaxanTan erTad 52, 63, 105, 109, 114, 154, 157
f
faiyi omar _ TurqeTis agenti, eweoda pan-islamur agitacias. mu
sulmanur-Turqul literaturaSi cnobili mwerali 164, 165, 167
famusovi pavel afanasieviCi _ aleqsandre griboedovis komediis
„vai Wkuisagan“ personaJi 518
farnievi, (teqstSi fanievi) aleqsandre ivanes Ze _ social-
demokrati, demokratiuli respublikis periodSi miwaTmoqmedebis
saministrosa da glexTa centris rwmunebuli; 1919 wels airCies
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT; mkacrad ilaSqrebda osuri separatizmis winaaRmdeg; qarTvel
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106
faRava giorgi (gogita) aqvsentis Ze _ rsdmp partiis menSevikebis
fraqciis wevri 1913 wlidan; swavlobda quTaisis saTavadaznauro
gimnaziaSi. umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad swavla moskovis univer
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze gaagrZela. 1919 w-is TebervalSi saqa
rTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis siiT airCies saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. 1919 w-is
12 marts damfuZnebeli krebis sazeimod gaxsnis sxdomaze. g. faRava,
rogorc yvelaze axalgazrda wevri, asrulebda mdivnis movaleobas.
592
social-demokratiuli partiis kvotiT iyo sakonstitucio komisiis
wevri. damoukideblobis periodSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli partiul
da saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaSi, xSirad mogzaurobda regionebSi
propagandistuli saqmianobis gasawevad. monawileobda raWasa da
leCxumSi arsebuli administrciis krizisis Semswavlel delegacia
Si; saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis pirveli Tavmjdomare,
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvi
li wevri, mudmivi wevri 17, 61, 108, 193, 351, 503
fircxalava samson giorgis Ze _ iuristi, publicisti, politiko
si, daamTavra quTaisis gimnazia, 1898 wels ki peterburgis universi
tetis iuridiuli fakulteti. swavlis wlebSi qarTvel studentTa
saTvistomos Tavmjdomare iyo. 1902-1910 ww-Si iyo qarTvelTa So
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobis mdivani
da saqmeTa mmarTveli. redaqtorobda soc-federalistT parti
is organoebs: „glexi“ (1906), „miwa“ (1906-1908). monawileobda so
cialist-federalistTa partiis Camoyalibebis procesSi. 1905-1907
ww-is periodSi Sedioda partiis mTavar komitetSi da erTxans iyo
partiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. 1917 wlis aprilSi monawileobda
saqarTvelos interpartiuli sabWos organizebis procesSi, rome
lic saTaveSi Caudga erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis
brZolas. 1919-21 ww.-Si damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, 1917-1921ww.-Si
iyo soc.federalistTa partiis centraluri organos, gaz. „saxalxo
saqmis“ redaqtor. 1921 wels xeli moawera saqarTvelos pirvel kon
stitucias 51, 61, 109, 156, 157
fircxalaiSvili ilia giorgis Ze _ eqimi, iuristi, social-
demokrati, ganaTleba odesis universitetSi, samedicino fakulte
tze miiRo, ris Semdegac social-demokratiuli organizaciis mu
SaobaSi Caeba. 1903-1913 ww-Si swavlobda moskovis universitetSi
iuridiul fakultetze, muSaobda nafic msajulad. 1917 w-is revolu
ciis Semdeg quTaisis qalaqis komisari gaxda. amave wels airCies saqa
rTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1919 wels airCies Tbilisis qalaq
is sabWos xmosnad, Semdgom ki -damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. Sedioda
social-demokratebis fraqcia „axali sxivis“ jgufSi. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. 1921 w-is ok
upaciis Semdeg Caeba winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 108, 155, 344
fruiZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi, eqimbaSi 351
q
qelbaqiani _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 352
qiqoZe geronti dimitris Ze _ publicisti, mwerali, kritikosi da
mTargmneli, literaturaTmcodne. quTaisis realuri saswavleblis
dasrulebis Semdeg, 1903 w-dan swavlobda laifcigis, Semdeg bernis
593
universitetis filosofiis fakultetze, romelic daamTavra 1912.
Tavdapirvelad miemxro social-demokratiul mimdinareobas da iz
iarebda misi biolSevikuri frTis ideologias. msoflmxedveloba _
kosmopolituridan erovnul safuZvelze Seicvala p. surgulaZis xe
lmZRvanelobiT JenevaSi Seqmnili „Tavisufali saqarTvelos jgufis“
ideologiis gaziarebis Semdeg. iyo saqarTvelos erovnul-demokra
tiuli partiis TvalsaCino wevri. 1917 wels airCies erovnuli
sabWos wevrad, iyo sakonstitucio, sabiujeto da safinanso komis
iebis wevri. redaqtorobda edp-is gazeT „saqarTvelos“ (1918-1919).
1919 w-is TebervalSi edp-is siiT gaxda saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli
krebis deputati. 1919 w-is maisSi edp-dan gavida, magram damfuZneb
el krebaSi darCa rogorc damoukidebeli deputati. 1921 w-is martSi
saqarTvelos revkomma igi ramdenime moRvawesTan erTad gagzavna ba
TumSi, raTa n. Jordania samSobloSi darCenaze daeyoliebinaT, Tum
ca uSedegod. saqarTveloSi komunisturi reJimis damyarebis Semdeg
CamoSorda politikur saqmianobas. 1921-1922 ww-Si iyo miwaTmoq
medebis saxalxo komisris moadgile, xolo Semdeg literaturul da
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo asparezze gadainacvla. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevri 61,
108, 157, 311, 528
qoblianski _ ix. servedbeg-aTabegovi (serverbed-aTebegovi) ser
veT-beg-aTebegovi 180
qobulaZe _ leCxumis ajanyebis monawile. igulisxmeba 1918 wlis ra
Wa-leCxumis glexTa ajanyeba menSevikTa batonobis winaaRmdeg 350
qumsiSvili (qumsiaSvili) nikoloz giorgis Ze _ social-
demokratiuli muSaTa partiisa da 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg axali cxovrebiseuli arCevani gaa
keTa da daasrula Tbilisis konservatoria. iyo Tbilisis operisa da
baletis solisti, dramatuli tenori. 1924 wels mas saxalxo artis
tis wodeba mieniWa 107
R
Rlonti Tevdore (Tedo) zurabis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, publi
cisti, memarcxene socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi lid
eri, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (socialist-federalistebis partiis mecxre kandida
ti). 1921 wlis ianvarSi partiis me-5 konferenciaze moiTxova sabWoTa
konstituciis aRiareba. memarcxene socialist-federalistTa parti
asTan erTad TanamSromlobda TbilisSi Semosul sabWoTa saokupacio
xelisuflebasTan, monawileobda okupirebuli saqarTvelos sabWoe
bis I yrilobaSi, sadac airCies centraluri aRmasrulebeli komite
tis wevrad. 1926-1928 ww.-Si saWoTa xelisuflebam gadayenebuli iv.
594
javaxiSvilis magier T. Rlonti daniSna saxelmwifo universitetis
reqtorad 240, 275, 281, 334, 340, 341, 355, 446
y
yifiani ruben luarsabis Ze _ social-demokrati. pirveldawyebiTi
ganaTleba miiRo sofel lailaSis saswavlebelSi. mis poetur nawar
moebebs da moTxrobebs beWdavda: „mogzauri“, „Teatri da cxovreba“,
„eSmakis maTraxi“, „maTraxi da salamuri“ da sxva Jurnali-gazeTebi.
aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli 1905 w-is revoluciaSi, aqtiurad monawileob
da 1905 wlis revoluciaSi, xelmZRvanelobda raWa-leCxum-svaneTis
gamosvlebs. demokratiuli respublikis periodSi eweoda aqtiur
politikur moRvaweobas, iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 351
S
SaraSiZe daviT grigolis Ze _ (qristine SaraSiZis Zma), so
cial-demokrati, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokratTa rusul enaze gamomaval gazeT
„Борьба“-s redaqtori; „brZolis xmis“ redaqtori, „damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos“ Tanaredaqtori; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis ga
mavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 107, 246, 306, 471, 472
SaraSiZe qristine giorgis asuli _ politikuri da sazogado
moRvawe, filologi, pedagogi, social-demokratiuli partiis wev
ri 1905 wlidan. 1899-1904 ww-Si swavlobda quTaisis wm. ninos qalTa
gimnaziaSi, saidanac garicxes moswavleTa revoluciur moZraobaSi
monawileobisTvis. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 w-is revoluciur
moZraobaSi. muSaobda maswavleblad quTaisis kerZo gimnaziaSi (1907),
iyo quTaisis saxalxo universitetis gamgeobis wevri (1910-1911); sa
bavSvo Jurnal „jejilis“ saredaqcio kolegiis wevri; 1919 wels air
Cies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. damfuZnebel krebaSi
iyo krebis prezidiumis umcrosi mdivani, sabiblioTeko, saredaqcio
d saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiebis wevri (1919-1921), parlamentis wev
robisas aqcents umTavresad saxalxo janmrTelobis kanonmdeblobasa
da ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis problemebze svamda. iyo qarTvel
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobisa da
Tbilisis universitetis damfuZnebeli sazogadoebis wevri. saqar
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis sabWoTa ruseTis mier okupire
bis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi da monawileobda winaaRmdegobis
moZraobaSi. Sedioda saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis qalTa komitetSi, romlis mizani politpatimarTa ojaxebis
daxmareba iyo 59, 61, 63, 79, 107, 117, 154, 159, 187, 201, 239, 251, 252, 291,
307, 357, 358, 397, 399, 431, 500, 501, 527, 537, 539, 542, 543
595
SarvaSiZe yadir Tanbegis Ze (SarvaSiZe yadir Tufan-begis Ze),
(ServaSiZe) _ eqimi, social-demokrati. swavlobda baTumisa da
Tbilisis klasikur gimnaziebSi. moswavleobis periodSi monawileob
da 1905 w-is revoluciur gamosvlebSi. 1909 w-dan swavla gaagrZela
iurievis (tartus) universitetis samedicino fakultetze. I msof
lio omSi monawileobda rogorc samxedro eqimi, 1916 wels dabrun
da samSobloSi da CaerTo „wiTeli jvris“ saqmianobaSi. 1917 wlidan
aqtiurad monawileobda baTumSi mimdinare politikur movlenebSi.
iyo „qarTvel muslimTa“ komitetis wevri. 1917 wels saqarTvelos
erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad. osmaleTis
mier baTumis okupaciis Semdeg saTaveSi Caudga „samuslimano saqarT
velos ganmaTavisuflebel komitets“. demokratiuli respublikis sa
sargeblod aqtiur propagandistul muSaobas eweoda axalcixis, fo
cxovis da zemo aWaris raionebSi. 1919 wlis dasawyisSi monawileobda
axalcixis samxedro operaciaSi. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli kre
bis wevrad 107, 357, 358
SevCuki gerasime dimitris Ze _ rsdmp-s menSevikuri fraqciis wev
ri, TanamSromlobda qarTul social-demokratiul partiasTan, 1919
wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT, Sedioda
Sromis komisiaSi 108, 154
Sengelaia (taqstSi Sengelia) leo andrias Ze _ iuristi, social
ist-revolucioneri, 1908 wlidan ruseTis socialist-revolucioner
Ta partiis wevri, 1917 wlidan iyo socialist-revolucionerTa parti
is centraluri organos „Sromis“ redaqtori; aqveynebda naSromebs
agrarul sakiTxebze. 1918 wlis maisSi qarTvel eserTa ruseTis parti
idan gamoyofis Semdeg saqarTvelos socialist-revoliucionerTa
partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomare, ck-s partiuli gazeTis
„Sromis“ redaqtori, 1919 wlidan damfuZebeli krebis wevri, eserTa
fraqciis lideri. l. Sengelaia eserebTan erTad gamoirCeoda mTavro
bis kritikiT memarcxene poziciebidan 108, 156
ServaSiZe varlam aleqsandres Ze (Ziki) _ eqimi, swavlobda sox
umis saswavlebelSi, umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo xarkovis universi
tetSi. iyo marqsistuli organizaciis wevri. 1917 wlis revoluciis
Semdeg afxazeTis erovnuli sabWos Tavmjdomare gaxda. 1919 wels
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli partiis
siiT. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. – 106, 155.
Smagailovi _ inglisis sardlobis agenti 406, 407, 420, 425, 443, 489,
490, 492, 493
596
C
Ciqava aleqsandre Citos (xitus) Ze _ pedagogi, daamTavra quTaisis
sameurneo saswavlebeli. 1905 wlidan rsdmp-s menSevikuri fraqci
is wevri; 1919 wlis TebervalSi saqarTvelos social-demokrati
uli muSaTa partiis siiT airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad. iyo TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis wevri. a. Ciqava wlebis gan
mavlobaSi iyo wkgs-is namdvili wevri 8, 107, 148, 149, 150, 151, 154
CixlaZe rafiel aleqsandres Ze _ pedagogi, social-demokratiuli
partiis aqtiuri moRvawe, 1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wev
rad, muSaobda sakontrolo komisiaSi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da erevnis ganyofilebis
wevri 1914 wlidan da amave organizaciis Tbilisis ganyofilebis wev
ri 1917 wlidan 61, 107, 154, 200, 307
CxeiZe daviT anduyafaris Ze _ filologi, istorikosi, padagogi,
politikosi. swavlobda Tbilisis vaJTa meore teqnikumSi. swavlis
periodSive Caeba social-demokratiuli organizaciis muSaobaSi.
1906 rsdmp-s wevri gaxda. 1911 Sevida kievis universitetSi istori
ul-filologiuri ganxriT. swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg muSaoba dai
wyo pedagogad kievSi, sxva qarTvelebTan erTad gamoscemda Jurnal
„Заря“-s. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebli krebis wevrad
social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. misi TaosnobiT 1927 wels da
fuZnda Telavis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisis ganyofilebis
wevri 108, 155
CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) simonis Ze _ saxelmwifo da politikuri
moRvawe. daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
ukrainaSi. 1887 garicxes novorosiiskis universitetidan, ris Sem
degac Sevida xarkovis veterinarul institutSi Tavisufali msme
nelis rangSi, saidanac, dauzustebeli informaciiT, 1888 garicxes
revoluciuri ideebis gamo. 1892 TanamoazreebTan erTad ayalibebs so
cial-demokratiul organizacia „mesame dass“. 1907-1912 da 1912-1917
ww.-Si iyo me-3 da me-4 saxelmwifo saTaTbiroebis deputati Tbilisis
guberniidan, sadac 1912 wlamde Tavmjdomareobda social-demokra
tiul fraqcias. 1918 wlis aprilSi igi gaxda axladarCeuli sakanon
mdeblo organos, amierkavkasiis seimis Tavmjdomare, xolo amave wlis
26 maisidan _ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan erovnu
li sabWos Tavmjdomared darCa. Tavmjdomareobda 1918 wels parizis
samSvidobo konferenciaze gasagzavn delegacias. xelmZRvanelobda
londonisa da san-remos konferenciebze qarTuli delegacias; 1919
wlis 12 marts dauswreblad airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmj
domared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe
bis wevri 21, 106, 408
597
Cxenkeli akaki ivanes Ze _ social-demokrati, iuristi da publi
cisti, menSevikTa erT-erTi lideri ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi. daam
Tavra xonis saswavlebeli da Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero seminar
iaSi, gaficvaSi monawileobis gamo, saswavleblidan garicxes (1893).
1896-1901 ww-Si ruseTSia, kievSi, moskovsa da peterburgSi, swavlobs
iuridiul mecnierebas. studentTa revoluciur gamosvlebSi monaw
ileobisTvis swavla veRar gaagrZela da samSobloSi dabrunda. 1902-
1904 ww-Si afxazeTSi advokatad muSaobda, ebrZoda ruseTis dampy
roblur-Sovinistur politikas, werda statiebs qarTul da rusul
presaSi, monawileobda sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. 1907 daamTavra
laifcigis universiteti da swavla gaagrZela SveicariaSi, Jenev
is universitetSi. 1912 wels soc. demkratiuli partiis siiT gaxda
meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputati afxazeTidan da baTum-yar
sis olqidan. saTaTbiros tribunidan icavda e.w. „moRalate aWar
lebis“ uflebebs da bevri adamiani gadaarCina sikvdiliT dasjas.
1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg Sevida amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli
komitetis SemadgenlobaSi. 1917-1918 wlebSi saqarTvelos erovnu
li sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevria. amierkavkasiis demokratiuli
federaciuli respublikis damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg
gaxda axali saxelmwifos mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. 1918 wlis 26 maiss,
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg dainiSna sagareo
saqmeTa ministrd, 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad so
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. saerTaSoriso asparezze
didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos damoukideblobis cnobisTvis da
erT ligaSi miS gawevrianebisTvis. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis sruluflebiani elCi safrangeTSi, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri – 106
CxikviSvili beniamin (benia) grigolis (gigos) Ze _ politikosi,
swavlobda quTaisis sasoflo-sameurneo skolaSi, (ar dausrulebia)
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, me
marcxene socialisti, ris gamoc bolSevizmTan siaxloves say
vedurobdnen. ekava Tbilisis qalaqis Tavis Tanamdeboba 1919-1920,
1919 wels gaxda afxazeTis gubernatori, 1920 _ quTaisis, Semdeg
baTumis olqis general-gubernatori. 1921 wels dainiSna Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris moadgiled. 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqa
rTvelos okupaciis Semdeg wavida emigraciaSi. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106
c
cabaZe vasil zaqarias Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlobda Tbilisis
saxelosno saswavlebelSi. 1901 wels iyo recolucioner-demokrat
Ta dasis wevri ioseb stalinTan erTad, Tbilisis rsdmp-s Tbilisis
komitetis wevri; Sedioda bolSevikur fraqciaSi, Semdeg miemxro
598
menSevikebs. 1918-1921 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli res
publikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. iyo qar
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
cercvaZe _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
cincaZe giorgi iosebis Ze _ maswavlebeli, daamTavra quTaisis sasu
liero seminaria. social-demokratiuli partiis wevri 1905 wlidan,
guriis 1905 wlis movlenebis monawile. 1917 wlidan iyo Tbilisis mu
SaTa da jariskacTa sabWos wevri, Semdeg saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. iyo qa
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
cincaZe noe konstantines Ze _ pedagogi, fizika-maTematikosi,
politikuri d sazogado moRvawe, social-demokrati. saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis ganaTlebis ministris moadgile.
daamTavra sasuliero seminaria da umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo
fizika-maTematikosis specialobiT. seminariaSi swavlis periodSi so
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri gaxda. 1918 wli seqtembridan iyo
Tbilisis qalTa gimnaziis direqtori, 1919 wlis 5 aprilidan saqarT
velos demokratiuli respublikis ganaTlebis ministris moadgile.
1918 wlidan parlamentis wevria, 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri. n. cincaZem SeZlo rusuli skolebis qarTuliT Secvla, moamar
aga saxelmZRvanelobiT da evropaSi uamravi axalgazrda gagzavna sas
wavleblad. emigraciaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda radio „Tavi
suflebis“ saqmianobaSi. misi iniciativiT moxda parizidan harvardis
biblioTekaSi social-demokratiuli partiis erovnuli mTavrobis
arqivis gadatana. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis wevri 21, 51, 59, 60, 61, 107, 153, 154, 155, 160, 306, 354
cincabaZe (teqstSi cincibaZe) grigol dimitris Ze _ social-
demokrati, asoTamwyobi, 1917 wlidan saqarTvelos social-demokra
tiuli partiis ck-s komitetis wevri, 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos parla
mentis wevri, 1919 wels arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 108
ciskariSvili gabriel dimitris Ze _ 1914 wlidan rsdmp-s men
Svikuri fraqciis wevri, 1919 wels arCeul iqna saqarTvelos demokra
tiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, aqtiur saqmianobas
eweoda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da sabiblioTeko komisiaSi. iyo
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
52, 106, 530, 535
Z
Zvelaia barnab pavles Ze _ social-demokrati. iyo senakis mazris
social-demokratiuli komitetis lideri da organizatori.1905
SeuerTda rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. aqveynebda werilebs
partiul presaSi.monawileoba miiRo 1905 revoluciaSi adgilo
599
briv doneze. social-demokrati, damoukideblobis periodSi iyo
soc.-demokratiuli partiis senakis mazris komitetis lideri da
samazro erobis xmosani. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublik
is damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da senakis ganyofilebaTa
wevri 107, 154
w
wereTeli irakli (kaki) giorgis Ze _ iuristi, politikosi _ so
cial-demokrati, menSevikebis erT-erTi lideri, publicisti, udide
si qarTveli tribuni, social-demokratiuli gazeT „kvalis“ faqto
brivi redaqtori, ruseTis meore saxelmwifo saTaTbiros opoziciis
lideri. i. wereTelma Tbilisis pirveli gimnazia oqros medliT
daamTavra da imave wels swavla moskovis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze gaagrZela. 1901 miiRo monawileoba studentTa mRel
varebaSi da Tavmjdomareobda studenturi organizaciis aRmas
rulebel komitets. dawera „Cveni miznebi“, romelic studentTa mis
wrafebebs gamoxatavda. i. wereTeli moskovel studentTa moZraobis
aRiarebuli lideri gaxda. 1907 meore saxelmwifo saTaTbiros depu
tatad airCies, sadac social-demokratiuli fraqciisa da, saerTod,
ruseTis social-demokratiis erT-erTi aRiarebuli lideri gaxda.
1917 wels gaxda ruseTis droebiTi koaliciuri mTavrobis wevri da
fosta-telegrafis ministri. 1917 wlis ruseTis Tebervlis revolu
ciis erT-erTi meTauri. saqarTvelos delegaciis erT-erTi warmomad
geneli versalis sazavo konferenciaze. 1917 wlis maisSi gaxda ruse
Tis droebiTi koaliciuri mTavrobis wevri da fosta-telegrafis
ministri. droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis Semdeg _ social-demokra
tiuli muSaTa partiis fraqcis Tavmjdomare saqarTvelos erovnul
sabWoSi da damfuZnebel krebaSi. saqarTvelos delegaciis wevri
parizis samSvidobo konferenciaze 106, 408
wulaia pavle lukas Ze (depo) _ rsdmp-s menSevikur fraqciis wevri,
1919 wlidan arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, iyo sakonsti
tucio da gzaTa komisiebis wevri 61, 108, 155
wulaZe vasil qaixosros Ze _ social-demokrati. swavlobda soflis
skolaSi da baTumis gimnaziaSi. monawileobda guriis 1905 wlis mov
lenebSi. 1906 wlidan rsdmp-s wevri, iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, muSaobda, Tbilisis ganyo
filevaSi. iyo saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 108, 200
600
W
WavWaniZe ivane Tedores Ze _ maTematikosi, pedagogi, politikosi,
daamTavra moskovis universitetis maTematikis fakulteti. studen
tobidanve SeuerTda menSevikur fraqcias. 1917 wlis Tebervlis rev
oluciis Semdeg arCeuli iyo xonis qalaqisTavad, 1919 wlis wlis 12
marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe
li krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti
is siiT. iyo gzaTa komisiis Tavmjdomare, samandato komisiis mdi
vani, sarekomendacio, TviTmmarTvelobis da safinanso-sabiujeto
komisiebis wevri, paralelurad iyo momaragebis ministris, Semdeg
ki _ Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 52, 61, 107, 154, 200, 252, 253,
255, 256, 257, 325, 327, 330, 331, 459, 471, 472, 494, 496, 498, 526, 529, 530,
537, 542, 543
WeliZe Teimuraz stefanes Ze _ social-demokrati. profesiiT iyo
xarazi. ganaTleba miiRo onis sazogadoebis sasoflo skolaSi. 1905
wlidan iyo ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „menSe
vikebis“ fraqciis wevri. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 wlis revo
luciur moZraobaSi raWa-leCxumSi. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad; iyo sameurneo-sagamgeo
komisiis wevri; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo
gadoebis wevri 108
WiabriSvili andria (andro) iakobis Ze (Wreli) _ politikosi,
rsdmp-s „menSevikuri“ fraqciis wevri; daamTavra pirveldawyebiTi
saqalaqo saswavlebeli. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg
airCies tfilisis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos aRmas
rulebeli komitetis wevrad. 1917 wlis noembridan saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevri. saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis, SemdgomSi
saxalxo gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli da organizatori. arCeuli
iyo saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevrad. 1918 wlis ganmavloba
Si iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri.
1919 wels arCeuli iyo Tbilisis samazro erobis xmosnad, 1919 wli
dan _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad. iyo sabiujeto-safinanso da samxedro komisiebis wevri. qa
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbili
sis ganyofilebis wevri 61, 107, 143, 144, 202, 204, 205, 224, 226, 537
WiWinaZe _ gzaTa departamentis direqtori 463
WiWinaZe nikoloz (parmen) _ eqimi, politikosi, social-demokra
tiuli partiis menSevikuri frTis wevri, monawileobda 1905 wlis
revoluciur gamosvlebSi. 1918-1920 wlebSi iyo Sinagan saqmeTa minis
tris, noe ramiSvilis moadgile da periodulad ministris movaleo
bas asrulebda. 1920 wlis 3 dekembers dainiSna samxedro ministrad.
601
iyo Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgile; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. (misi dakrZalvis dRe gadai
qca pirvel antisabWoTa demonstraciad) 531, 559
x
xalil-faSa _ TurqeTis generali 166, 167
xvalisi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure. bol
Seviki 548
ximSievi (ximSiaSvili) jamal-begi _ samahmadiano saqarTve
los (aWaris) warmomadgeneli, ruseTis mxareze gadavida da mas
polkovnikoba misces 304
xomeriki noe giorgis Ze _ politikosi, daamTavra quTaisis sameur
neo skola, sadac aralegalur wreebSi socialistur moZRvrebas
gaecno da social-demokratiuli partiis wevri gaxda. 1903-1906ww.
aqtiurad monawileobda guriis glexTa moZraobasa da guriis re
spublikis gamocxadebaSi; iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub
likis miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromisa da gzaTa ministri; damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, misi TaosnobiT, 1919
wlis 31 ianvars, damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo agraruli reformis
Catarebis gadawyvetileba. reforma gulisxmobda miwis CamorTmevas
msxvili memamuleebisTvis da gadanawilebas glexobaze, saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi rCeboda mdinareebi, tyeebi da saZovrebi. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 73, 106, 336
xoWolava muxran-iona maqsimes Ze (muxran odiSeli) _ politiko
si, rsdmp-s wevri, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZne
beli krebis wevrad airCies 1919 wlis 12 martidan, iyo sakonsti
tucio, samxedro, gzaTa da saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiebis wevri. 1920
wlisaTvis muSaobda baTumSi didi britaneTis saokupacio Zalebis
sardlobasTan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis
diplomatiur warmomadgenlad. 1921 wlis ianvarSi saqarTvelos
soc.-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis sxva 11 wevrTan erTad Camoayali
ba opoziciuri jgufi „sxivi“ 106, 155, 157, 200
xudadovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
xuciberaZe spiridon _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 346
j
jafariZe konstantine iasonis Ze _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917 wlidan, 1918 wels demokra
tiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarTveli. 1919 wels airCies
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumis SemadgenlobaSi,
602
iyo sakonstitucio komisiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da soxumis ganyofileba
Ta wevri. sabWoT ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Semdeg darCa
saqarTveloSi, monawileobda antisabWoTa gamosvlebSi da propagan
das eweoda. Sedioda social-demokratiuli partiis aralegaluri
organizaciis cekas SemadgenlobaSi 28, 52, 57, 61, 63, 64, 71, 79, 107,
117, 154, 156, 159, 187, 201, 239, 291, 307, 345, 357, 399, 431, 469, 501, 527
jafariZe sergo daviTis Ze _ social-demokrati, saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1918 wels saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarTveli, ius
ticiis ministris moadgile, nafic msajulTa sabWos Tavmjdomare,
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namd
vili wevri, Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri (1920). sabWoTa ok
upaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 61, 107, 157,
485, 486, 526
jiblaZe vladimer giorgis Ze (metsaxeli: lado, petrovi) _ 1897
wlidan rsdrp-s wevri. swavlobda kulaSis skolaSi, Semdeg swavla
Tbilisis saxelosno saswavlebelSi ganagrZo. aqtiurad iyo CarTu
li 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi; muSaobda menSevikebis fraq
ciaSi. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg gadasaxlebidan dab
runda, imave wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos
wevrad. iyo saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli
da organizatori, saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevri; 1918 wlis
Tebervlidan _ amierkavkasiis seimis wevri. 1918 wlis ganmavlobaSi
iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri.
1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT; iyo samxedro komisiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 155
jiblaZe silibistro (silva) besarionis Ze _ politikuri lid
eri, publicisti monawileobda 1905-1907 wlebis revoluciaSi; swav
lobda ozurgeTis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, romlis damTavrebis
Semdeg swavla Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi gaagrZela. reqtor
Cudeckis cemisTvis 1884 igi seminariidan garicxes da ori wliT dis
ciplinarul batalionSi gaamweses. iyo „mesame dasis“ damfuZnebeli
wevri (yvirila, 1892). iyo qarTveli social-demokratebis erT-er
Ti lideri da kavkasiis samxedro olqis Stabis ufrosis, general
griaznovis mkvlelobis organizatori (1906); 1917 wlis noemberSi
airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 wlidan iyo saqa
rTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis ck-s wevri, amierka
vkasiis seimis wevri 1918 wlis Tebervlidan. 1919 wlis TebervalSi
airCies damfuZnebel krebis wevrad. damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli
sxdoma, rogorc krebis uxucesma wevrma, s. jiblaZem gaxsna. iyo qarT
603
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 17,
21, 106, 155, 411
jorbenaZe _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
juReli valeriani (varlam) anTimosis Ze (valerian anTimozis
Ze) _ qarTveli politikosi da samxedro piri, (social-demokratiuli
partiis wevri, menSevikuri fraqcia), Tbilisis muSaTa da jariskac
Ta deputatebis sabWos aRmasrulebebli komitetisa da saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1918 wlidan amierkavkasiis seimisa da saqa
rTvelos parlamentis wevri.) 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wev
ri (social-demokratiuli muSaT partiis siiT), samxedro komisiis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. emigraciaSi sxva samxedroebTan erTad SeimuSava ajanyebis ge
gma. safrangeTSi specialuri wvrTnis gavlis Semdeg aralegalurad
dabrunda saqarTveloSi, Sevida damoukideblobis komitetis samxe
dro komisiaSi da saTaveSi Caudga ajanyebis samzadiss 106, 155
А
Агаевъ – [agaevi hasan beg meSadi husein oRli] _ eqimi, Jurnalisti,
sazogado da politikuri moRvawe. 1918 wlis 7 dekembridan azerbai
janis demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomaris moad
gile 53
Г
Гаглоев Георгий – [gagloevi giorgi] _ social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis samxreT oseTis demokratiuli organizaciebis konferenciis
Tavmjdomare. rsdr partiis wevri 1900 wlidan, londonis komparti
is yrilobis delegati, pirveli social-demokratiuli jgufebis or
ganizatori e.w. samxreT oseTSi 251
З
Зурабовъ А. – [zurabovi a.] _ saqarTveloSi somexTa erovnuli sabWos
Tavmjdomare 54
К
Качеишвили – [yaWeiSvili] _ glexTa deputatTa sabWos warmomadgene
li, axalqalaqis olqis yvela Temisa da soflis warmomadgeneli 241
М
Мейбомъ _ [meibomi] _ saqarTveloSi germaniis erovnuli sabWos Tav
mjdomare 54
604
Н
Наримановъ А. – [narimanovi a.] _ musulmanTa erovnuli sabWos Tavmj
domare saqarTveloSi 54
С
Спилiоти – [spilioti n.] _ berZenTa erovnuli sabWos Tavmjdomaris
amxanagi (moadgile), Semdgom Tavmjdomare 64
Т
Темирхановъ _ [temirxanovi] _ kavkasiis mTielTa respublikis sakav
Siro sabWos Tavmjdomare 64
Х
Хатисовъ Александръ – [xatisovi aleqsandre ivanes Ze (xatisiani)] _
somxeTis respublikis mTvrobis warmomadgeneli _ tfilisis admin
istraciuli sabWos wevri 1905 wels, 1908-1910 ww. _ Tbilisis Ta
vis moadgile. daamTavra vaJTa pirveli gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
moskovis universitetis samedicino fakultetze, Semdgom xarkovis
universitetis samedicini fakultetze, italiaSi, safrangeTsa da
germaniaSi Seiswavla higiena, sazogadoebrivi, samarTaldamcavi da
municipaluri saqme. 1910 wlidan arCeul iqna qalaqis Tavad. pirveli
msoflio omis dros xatisovi Tavmjdomareobda qalaqebis aliansis
kavkasiis komitets. xatisovi iyo somxeTis moxaliseTa razmebis da
somexi ltolvilebis daxmarebis erT-erTi organizatori. 1916 wels
aqtiurad monawileobda dasavleT somxeTidan devnilebis dasaxmare
blad, romelTagan bevrma TavSesafari hpova tfilisSi. 1915-1917
wlebSi arCeul iqna somxeTis erovnuli biuros Tavmjdomaris moadg
iled (tfilisi). 1917 wels gadadga qalaqis Tavis Tanamdebobidan da
SeuerTda daSnakcuTiunis partias (oficialurad soxeTis revolu
ciuri federacia, SemoklebiT daSnaki). meTurobda somxeTis erovnul
biuros, Tavmjdomareobda somxeTis politikuri partiebis krebas.
monawileobda somxeTis erovnuli sabWos SeqmnaSi. 1918 wlis aprilSi
amierkavkasiis demokratiuli federaciuli respublikis Seqmnis Sem
deg dainiSna finansTa da sursaTis ministrad, agreTve amierkavkasiis
seimis mTavrobis qvelmoqmedebis ministrad. iyo somxeTis mTavrobis
605
Tavmjdomare, somxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri, sakrebulos wevri
da erT-erTi saqalaqo komisiis Tavmjdomare 53
Терхачатурянъ Грикоръ – [terxaCaturiani griqor] _ somxeTis sabWos
Tavmjdomaris warmomadgebeli 53
Э
Емухвари (Эмухвари) – [emuxvari arzayan (dimitri) konstantines Ze] _
afxazi politikuri moRvawe, afxazeTis saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare.
swavlobda quTaisis sasuliero seminariaSi (1896), sadac Caeba rev
oluciur moZraobaSi da dauaxlovda qarTvel nacionalistebs da
mesamedaselebs. „soxumis respublikis“ lideri (1905). iyo afxazeTis
mTavrobisa da saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos damfuZne
beli krebis wevri (1919-1921) a. emuxvari proqarTuli orientaciis
afxazTa lideri iyo da swored misi didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad, 1919
w-is 20 marts axlad arCeulma afxazeTis saxalxo sabWom Tavis pirve
live sxdomaze miiRo dadgenileba avtonomiuri statusiT saqarTve
los demokratiuli respublikis SemadgenlobaSi afxazeTis Sesvlis
Sesaxeb 64
606
adgilTa saZiebeli
a aWara 180
abasTumani 172, 178 axalqalaqi 87, 164, 165, 166, 167,
aderbaijani, aderbeijani 12, 168, 187, 240, 246, 252, 288, 304, 305,
31, 52, 73, 88, 164, 173, 174, 176, 248, 393, 416, 502, 528, 530, 535, 536, 537
253, 256, 388, 460, 464, 465, 467, 468 axalcixe (mazra) 50, 51, 65, 67,
adleri 305 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 87, 160, 161,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
avstraliis federatiuli re-
170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178,
spublika 120
180, 182, 183, 187, 188, 192, 193,
avstria 119, 520 199, 240, 246, 252, 288, 304, 305,
azerbeijani 255, 290, 343, 372, 308, 358, 393, 416, 537
377, 460, 464, 465, 467 axtala 109, 113, 114
azia 23
aleqsandropoli _ aleqsan b
drupolisi (Alexandrupolis) 101
baTomi/baTumi 87, 164, 165, 169,
amerika/amerikis SeerTebuli 180, 285, 286, 394, 403, 405, 406,
Statebi 23, 41, 88, 98, 120, 219, 407, 408, 424, 425, 427, 461
231, 343, 344, 382, 404, 411, 418,
baqo 164, 173, 248, 279, 405, 408,
419, 440, 442
427, 550
amierkavkasia 14, 20, 24, 25, 176,
belgia 119
205, 211, 252, 253, 288, 396, 405
berlini 511
anaria 394
bzibi (bzifi) 271, 272, 274, 280,
artaani, arataani 172, 180, 304, 305, 415
392, 393, 404, 406, 414, 416, 420,
422, 423, 424, 425, 426
borCalo 87, 88, 89, 308, 333, 408,
427, 449, 450, 502, 528, 530, 535, 536
ardagani 165, 416
borjomi 45, 165
arTvini 172
brazilia 373
arpaCai 404
bresti 394, 400, 401
afxazeTi 74, 86, 415
aRmosavleT-samxreT kavkasia 393
g
aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo 173
gagra/gagris olqi 171, 271,
awyuri 169, 170, 416 305, 392, 414, 415, 422, 423, 424, 425
607
ganja 248 T
germania 32, 54, 81, 98, 99, 100, Tbilisi 89, 110, 113, 114, 129,
166, 372, 373, 374, 390, 391, 394, 137, 165, 214, 248, 333, 343, 348,
400, 401, 402, 403, 410, 426, 428, 358, 388, 405, 406, 422, 423, 450,
489, 520 455, 536, 550, 555
giundaSi 304 Telavi 104, 105, 109, 113
golandia/holandia 18, 299 TianeTi 222, 333, 450, 451, 453,
goris mazra 464 454
gulgula 104, 109, 113, 114 TrialeTi 536
guria 447
i
d imereTi 447, 464
dania 373 inglisi 32, 81, 98, 120, 233, 255,
271, 272, 278, 280, 281, 284, 305,
dasavleT evropa 98, 165, 269,
332, 344, 374, 385, 390, 391, 392,
332, 340
393, 395, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407,
didi britaneTi 23, 73 408, 409, 411, 413, 416, 420, 421,
donis raioni 275, 281 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428,
dorpati (tartu) 358 429, 441, 451, 489, 490, 520, 535
duSeTi 83, 103, 222, 447, 454 indoeTi 411, 421
ispania/espania 18, 551
e
evlaxis raioni 464 k
evropa 23, 30, 67, 74, 81, 82, 84, 88, kavkasia 164, 165, 168, 173, 285,
94, 97, 98, 279, 298, 318, 332, 391, 343, 344, 393, 396, 403, 408, 409,
392, 418, 419, 433, 458, 488, 505 427, 485, 555
ekaterinenfeldi 536 kavkasionis qedi 213
erzrumi/erzerumi 515 kaxeTi 45, 111, 160, 240, 247, 249,
251, 288, 289
v kembriji 511
vandea 126 „kolxida“ 305
varxani 170 konstantinopoli 166, 406, 408
z l
zaqaTlis olqi 87 leCxumi 349, 350, 351
zestafoni 214 litva 18
londoni 210, 406
lori/lore 101, 308
608
m r
malta 405 raWa 104, 109, 112, 113, 114, 167
mandikori 346, 347, 350 rostovi 387
mesxeTi 165, 166, 173, 180 ruseTi 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29,
metexi 348 30, 31, 32, 33, 43, 44, 46, 67, 74, 81,
83, 121, 163, 164, 166, 173, 174, 179,
meqveni 349, 351
180, 185, 224, 225, 261, 268, 279,
meqsika 323 284, 285, 288, 295, 296, 298, 299,
mexadiri/maxadiri 271, 426 300, 301, 315, 331, 372, 374, 375,
mTielTa respublika 18, 63, 64, 377, 379, 381, 382, 383, 387, 388,
73, 88, 421 395, 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 407,
moskovi 88, 97, 101, 284, 406 408, 412, 419, 421, 424, 435, 438,
441, 449, 473, 484, 508, 510, 515,
moxisi 452
519, 520, 531, 538, 550, 551, 554, 555
mtkvari 304
s
n
saberZneTi (elini) – 18
naxiCevani 405
samtredia 210
novorosia 275
samuslimano saqarTvelo 74,
norvegia 18 180, 181, 308, 357, 358, 429
samxreT amerikis saxelmwifo
o 372, 373
odesa 403, 409 samxreT kavkasia 168, 393
ozurgeTi 393, 394 samxreT oseTi 251
okriba 345, 347, 348, 349, 351, 353, safrangeTi 17, 23, 67, 68, 70, 71,
446, 447, 448, 449, 451, 452, 453, 90, 98, 102, 118, 121, 126, 128, 135,
455, 456, 457, 459 140, 230, 235, 259, 260, 284, 299,
osmaleTi 29, 31, 83, 159, 163, 164, 322, 323, 343, 344, 352, 372, 373,
165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, 179, 374, 377, 382, 389, 391, 403, 404,
180, 183, 298, 300, 393, 394, 402, 407, 408, 411, 436, 439, 441, 442,
403, 404, 408, 409, 410, 416, 417, 458, 488, 489
427, 441, 449 saqarTvelo 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
„otradnoe“ 305 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
46, 50, 54, 57, 58, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69,
70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82,
p 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94,
parizi 88, 98, 271, 284, 374, 380, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 103, 110, 114,
391, 400, 401, 402, 423 117, 131, 137, 145, 147, 152, 159,
petrogradi 263, 408 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169,
poloneTi 18 170, 171, 172 173, 179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 201, 202
TiTqmis yvela gverdze
609
seidi 304 y
senaki 210 yarajala 109, 113, 114
serbia 120 yarsis olqi 164, 165, 180, 304,
siRnaRi 126, 214 305, 393, 403, 404, 416, 515
somxeTi 18, 30, 31, 53, 73, 88, 166, yubani/kubani 274, 275, 281, 282
167, 173, 290, 343, 377, 405, 460, 492,
535 S
soWi 183, 271, 272, 275, 276, 277, 280, Sveicaria 17, 23, 41, 119, 121, 129,
281, 287, 304, 307, 392, 406, 414, 415, 136, 140, 141, 233, 258, 262, 263,
423 264, 269, 324, 343, 372, 442, 488
soxumi 87, 129, 183, 392 Soreuli CrdiloeTi 473
sparseTi 18, 377, 441
stamboli 173, 271 C
surami 210, 464 Cili 373
Coloqi mdinare 394
t CrdiloeT kavkasia 173, 343
tamali 304
tfilisi/Tfilisi 17, 24, 27, 42, c
45, 46, 49, 57, 63, 79, 83, 117, 139,
cimbiri 473
187, 201, 239, 251, 291, 303, 307,
332, 338, 357, 393, 399, 431, 450,
451, 454, 455, 461, 462, 469, 486, Z
495, 501, 510, 527, 532, 550, 553 Zegvi 359, 400, 420, 432, 450, 470,
tyibuli 31, 32 487, 488, 492, 494, 310
Ziranura 304
u
ukraina 18, 31, 403 w
wyneTi 105
f
foTi 136, 451, 461 x
focxovis raioni/focxveri xaniori 304, 416
167, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183, 308, xaSuri 104, 113, 214
392, 393, 404, 406, 414, 416, 422,
423, 424, 425, 426
j
javaxeTi 165, 166, 173
q
quTaisi 45, 83, 137, 199, 201, 310,
h
337, 345, 349, 352, 359, 399, 432,
446, 456, 469, 532 holandia 18
610
С
Северный полюс – 552
Тифлис – 54, 552
611
I tomis pirTa saZieblebisTvis gamoyenebuli wyaroebi:
613