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eZRvneba saqarTvelos d e mo k r at i uli r e s p ubli k i s

d amfuZnebel i kre bi s 100 w li s Tav s


saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
dokumentebi

7 tomad

tomis saredaqcio sabWo


irakli iakobaSvili, mzia xositaSvili, emzar jgerenaia
saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba


sxdomis oqmebi

tomi I

1919 wlis 12 marti _ 27 maisi

Tbilisi 2019
UDC(uak)328(479.22)+94(479.22)
s-323

seria: saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dokumentebi

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebi. 7 tomad. tomi I;


1919 wlis 12 marti _ 27 maisi. ideis avtori da Semdgeneli _ irakli
iakobaSvili, wignis redaqtori da saZieblis Semdgeneli _ mzia xosi­
taSvili. winaTqma emzar jgerenaiasi.
Tbilisi, saqar­Tvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis ga­
mocema. 2019 weli. 613 gverdi.

ISBN 978-9941-9652-8-9 (yvela tomis)


ISBN 978-9941-9620-5-9 (pirveli tomis)

`saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebis~ 7-tomeulSi


Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis plenaruli sxdomis oqmebi. sxdomis oqmebi wignis saxiT pir­
velad qveyndeba. gamocema daexmareba saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis
da sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis mkvlevrebs. `saqarTvelos
damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebis~ cifruli versia xelmisawvdo­
mia saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis cifrul bib­
lioTekebSi.

© saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka, 2019


sarCevi

winaTqma. emzar jgerenaia 7


saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
kreba. irakli iakobaSvili 11
pirveli sxdoma 17
meore sxdoma. 27
mesame sxdoma 57
meoTxe sxdoma. 63
mexuTe sxdoma 79
meeqvse sxdoma 117
meSvide sxdoma 159
merve sxdoma 187
mecxre sxdoma 201
meaTe sxdoma 239
meTerTmete sxdoma 251
meTormete sxdoma 291
mecamete sxdoma 307
meToTxmete sxdoma 357
meTxuTmete (sagangebo) sxdoma 399
meTeqvsmete sxdoma 431
meCvidmete sxdoma 469
meTvramete sxdoma 501
meoce sxdoma 527
pirTa saZiebeli 559
adgilTa saZiebeli 607
I tomis pirTa saZieblebisTvis gamoyenebuli wyaroebi 613
6
winaTqma

saqarTvelos pirvelma respublikam, miuxedvad xanmokle arsebo­


bisa, uaRresad mniSvnelovani dokumenturi memkvidreoba dagvitova,
romelsac warmatebiT swavloben Tanamedrove saqarTvelos Zveli da
axali Taobis istorikosebi. Tumca misi gamocemisa da mkvlevrebisa
da farTo sazogadoebisaTvis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT jer kidev
bevria gasakeTebeli. amitomac sulac ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom saqar­
Tvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis sagamomcemlo saqmiano­
bis erT-erTi mTavari mimarTuleba saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis,
maT Soris saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dokumentebis
gamocemaa.
erovnulma biblioTekam „saqarTvelos saxelmwifos xelmZRva­
nelebis“ seriiT ukve gamosca noe Jordanias sajaro gamosvlebis,
mimarTvebis, diskusiaSi misi monawileobis amsaxveli masalebis sam­
tomeuli, romelic saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis 100
wlisTavs mieZRvna (ix. „saqarTvelos saxelmwifos xelmZRvanelebi.
noe Jordania“ tomi XIII, XIV, XV, 2018); saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis pirveli konstituciis momzadebis uaRresad saintere­
so procesis mimdinareobis amsaxvel dokumentebs erovnulma bib­
lioTekam Tavi mouyara ortomeulSi: „saqarTvelos pirveli respub­
likis konstitucia (1921) masalebi, dokumentebi“ (I tomi gamovida
2015 wels, xolo II tomi _ 2018 wels).
2019 wlis 12 marts saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis _ pirveli qarTuli parlamentis _ daarsebidan asi
weli sruldeba. damfuZnebeli krebis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom maT
brwyinvaled SeZles damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomis procesis dokumen­
tireba. maTi didi nawili maSindel periodul gamocemaSi gamoqveyn­
da, xolo nawili saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi inaxeba. damfuZnebe­
li krebis sxdomis oqmebis stenografiuli angariSi Tavdapirvelad
gazeT „saqarTvelos respublikaSi“ ibeWdeboda. mogvianebiT amave
gazeTis damatebis saxiT gamodioda. sxdomis oqmebi sabWoTa saqar­
Tvelos mkvlevarTaTvis xelmiuwvdomeli iyo. isini gansakuTrebul
sacavebSi iyo daculi. ase magaliTad, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kre­
bis sxdomis oqmebi (stenografiuli angariSebi) marqsizm-leninizmis
institutis (dRes sastumro biltmoris Senoba rusTavelis prospeq­
tze), e.w. „imelis“ biblioTekaSi iyo saguldagulod gamoketili.

7
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg marqsizm-leninizmis institutic
istorias Cabarda, xolo misi biblioTekis nawili _ erovnuli bib­
lioTekis sabiblioTeko resursebis departamentis direqtoris, le­
van TaqTaqiSvilis ZalisxmeviT _ saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnul
biblioTekaSi aRmoCnda. maT Soris iyo saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli
krebis sxdomis stenografiuli angariSebic. dRes is erovnuli bib­
lioTekis fondebSia daculi. saqarTvelos parlamentis arqivis
ufross, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors, baton irakli iakobaSvils,
romelTanac erovnul biblioTekas mravalmxriv saintereso Tanam­
Sromloba akavSirebs, saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis damfuZnebe­
li krebis sxdomis oqmebis _ stenografiuli angariSebis _ gamocemis
idea gauCnda, rasac erovnuli biblioTekis mecnierebis, kulturisa
da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departamentma mxari dauWira. gamocemis
momzadebaze momuSave erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromlebisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT sasiamovno aRmoCnda erT-erTi stenografiuli an­
gariSi, sadac damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi biblioTekis TanamSrom­
lebis Sromis anazRaurebaze msjelobdnen. aq moviyvanT stenografu­
li angariSis am nawils:
„Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis dam. kr. wevrs Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. biblioTekis gamgisTvis 950 maneTi Zalian cota
aris. dRevandel pirobebSi aseTi TanxiT cxovreba yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia. miT umetes, rom biblioTekis gamges eqneba Zalian didi Sroma.
katalogebi unda Seadginos, wignebi unda daalagos sxva da sxva naw­
ilebis mixedviT.
amisTvis winadadeba Semomaqvs, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces
1000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, kenWs uyri Sesworebas social-demokra­
tiul fraqciisas, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces 1000 man. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
oniaSvili kiTxulobs: biblioTekis gamgis TanaSemwe 1-750 _ Tviurad.
jami Seicvleba aq miRebul cvlilebebis mixedviT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlad Statisa? aravin. miRe­
bulia“.
(ix. saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba, VI sxdoma, 29 marti, 1919 weli)
gamomcemlebma gadavwyviteT ar Segvecvala sxdomis oqmebis or­
Tografia da punqtuacia. amiT gvsurda, davxmarebodiT qarTuli
enis mkvlevrebs, enaTmecnierebs, romlebic qarTuli enis erovnul
korpusze muSaoben da romelTaTvisac mniSvnelovania qarTuli enis
istoriuli ganviTarebis etapebis Seswavla. am gamocemiT isini kvle­
visTvis mza masalas miiReben.
damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocema momavalSic gagr­
Zeldeba. 2020 wels dagegmilia erovnul arqivSi daculi damfuZnebe­
li krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocema.

8
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomis oqmebis gamocemaze
muSaobdnen erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromlebi: mzia xositaSvi­
li, xaTuna daviTuri, Salva papalaSvili, nano omanaZe, ekaterine Wel­
iZe, neli giorgaZe, marina alania, neli nadiraZe, neli kacitaZe, naTia
xotenaSvili. TiToeulma maTganma didi Sroma gaswia. gansakuTrebu­
lad unda aRiniSnos mzia xositaSvilis wvlili gamocemis momzadeba­
Si. man pirTa saZiebels ganmartebebi daurTo. aseve gvsurs madloba
gadavuxadoT erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromels, maia Sonias, ro­
melmac yuradRebiT waikiTxa gamocemisTvis windarTuli teqstebi.

emzar jgerenaia

mecnierebis, kulturisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departamentis direqtori


ilias saxelmwifo universitetis profesori

9
10
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebeli kreba

saqarTvelos istoriaSi demokratiulad arCeul pirvel umaR­


les sakanonmdeblo organod aRiarebulia 1919 wels sayovelTao, Ta­
naswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebis safuZvelze proporciuli
principiT, faruli kenWisyris Sedegad arCeuli saqarTvelos dam­
fuZnebeli kreba.
damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc urTierTsapirispiro mosazrebebis
mqone sazogadoebis fenebis demokratiuli konsolidaciis saSuale­
ba, franguli `ganmanaTleblobis~ fuZemdeblur ideaTa Soris (ker­
Zod ki _ Jan-Jak rusos `sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba, anu politi­
kur uflebaTa principebi~-dan) gaCnda. qveyanaSi damfuZnebeli krebis
(sxva dasaxelebiT _ `konstituanta~-s) arCevisa da amoqmedebis ZiriT­
adi amocana TviT am qveyanaSi sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas Soris
urTierTTanamSromlobis principebis SemuSaveba da am principebis
qveynis ZiriTad kanonad (sxva sityvebiT _ qveynis konstituciad) dam­
kvidrebaa.
saqarTveloSi damfuZnebeli krebis arCevis ZiriTadi mizanic
qveynis ZiriTadi kanonis _ saqarTvelos konstituciis _ SemuSave­
ba da dakanoneba da amiT qarTul sazogadoebaSi revoluciuri su­
liskveTebis dacxroma, qveynis cxovrebis mSvidobian, kanonebiT
gansazRvrul kalapotSi moqceva iyo. saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma
krebam es valdebuleba warmatebiT Seasrula _ SeimuSava saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis konstitucia da 1921 wlis 21 Teber­
vals oficialurad daakanona kidec.
saqarTveloSi damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi Sedga 1919 wlis
ga­zafxulze.1 axladarCeuli damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli sajaro
sxdo­­ma gaixsna 1919 wlis 12 marts saqarTvelos dedaqalaq TbilisSi.
damfuZnebeli krebis gaxsnis dRed 12 marti sagangebod iqna Ser­
Ceuli: 1917 wlis 12 marts saqarTvelo gaxda sakuTari Tavis patroni:
12 marts daingra ruseTis imperia.
Tumca „ar kmara marto dangreva Zvelisa: saWiroa mefis TviT­­­­­m­
pyrobelobis nangrevebze xalxis TviTmpyrobelobis gamagreba, Zvels

1. `sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba, anu politikur uflebaTa principebi~.

11
saflavze axal, mtkice saZirkvelis dafuZneba. da ai aqedan warmodge­
ba Cveni meore ideali: srul-uflebiani damfuZnebeli yriloba _ es
gvirgvini revoliuciisa, mis monapovarTa ganmtkicebisa.
mTeli 9 Tve atara ruseTis demokratiam idea am yrilobisa, bo­
los didi vaivaglaxiT da tanjviT warmoSva man [sruliad ruseTis
damfuZnebeli] yriloba. magram, aqve gamoaSkaravda sisuste [ruse­
Tis] am demokratiisa. man ver SesZlo misi movla patronoba, da ai erT
cxo­velisa ar iyos _ dabadebisTanave STanTqa mSobelma Tavis Sobi­
li: [1917 wlis] oqtombris gadatrialebam gadauSva anarqiis morevSi
didi gemi didi revoliuciisa~.
1919 wels, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis 12 marts dawyeba
Cveneba iyo, rom, mxolod demokratiulma saqarTvelom itvirTa gan­
xorcieleba Tebervlis revoliuciis monapovrisa, mxolod demokra­
tiul saqarTvelos sazogadoebam, „erTad-erTma, ar dahkarga gone­
ba, ar mieca sasowarkveTilebas _ am saerTo gancdis dros. mxolod
am demokratiam gadaarCina Cveni patara navi, mware xvedrs, didi
revoliuciis, didi gemisa, romelzedac mTeli 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mikruli iyo magari jaWviT. mxoloT man erTma aacila es navi aTasgvar
dabrkolebas da kldeebs, anarqiis uZiro zRvaSi amozidulT da moiy­
vana aq, am samSvidoboSi, am diad am Zvirfas ganZiT, saqarTvelos dam­
fuZnebeli krebiT~.2
1919 wlis 12 marts, saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam daadas­
tura 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos mier gamocxa­
debuli saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da xeli moawera „saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis aqts~, 12 marti ki saqarTvelos demokratiul res­
publikaSi sadResaswaulo, uqme dRed gamocxadda.3

***
damfuZnebel krebaSi (1919-1921 w.w.) sxvadasxva dros arCeulni
iyvnen 7 politikuri partiis, 9 erovnuli umciresobis warmomadgene­
li, sul 145 deputati _ maT Soris 5 qali. damfuZnebelma krebam Sei­
muSava da oficialurad miiRo 400-mde kanoni.4
dauRalav sakanonmdeblo saqmianobasTan erTad saqarTvelos
damfuZnebelma krebam saWirod miiCnia mis mier gaweuli saqmiano­
bis Sesaxeb informaciis qveynis mTels teritoriaze gavrceleba. am

2. silibistro jiblaZes sityvidan damfuZnebeli krebis pirvel sxdomaze, 1919 wlis


12 marts.
3. bedis ukuRmarTobiT, 1922 wlis, imave 12 marts, TbilisSi, saqarTvelos damfuZnebe­
li krebis imave darbazSi, saqarTvelos, somxeTis da azerbaijanis sabWoTa socialis­
turi respublikebis centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetebis delegatTa konferen­
ciaze damtkicda xelSekruleba „amierkavkasiis sabWoTa socialistur respublikebis
fede­ratiuli kavSiris“ Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
4. dawvrilebiT damfuZnebeli krebis Sesaxeb ix: `saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba~.
`sabWoTa warsulis kvlevis laboratoriis~ gamocema, Tbilisi, 2019 w.

12
mizniT Seiqmna sagangebo `sapropagando komisia~, romlis mTavari
mizani saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo mSene­
blobis sakiTxebis rigiTi moqalaqisaTvis gasagebi eniTa da formiT
wardgena iyo. damfuZnebelma krebam daaarsa sakuTari stamba, sadac
daigegma or aTeulamde amgvar gamocemaTa damzadeba. 1919-1921 wleb­
Si mxolod 7 wignis dabeWdva da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi
gavrceleba moxerxda. esenia: `mahmadiani qarTvelebi~, `Cveni damou­
kidebloba~, `risTvis da rogor SeuerTda saqarTvelo ruseTs~, `ro­
gor cxovroben sabWoTa ruseTSi~, `bolSevizmi da demokratizmi~,
`saqarTvelos bunebrivi simdidre~ da `sxvadasxva qveynis saxelmwi­
foebrivi weswyobileba~.
1921 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisSi damfuZnebeli krebis muSaoba
SeferxebiT mimdinareobda, mkveTrad Semcirda plenaruli sxdomebis
raodenobac. sabWoTa wiTel armiasTan saomari moqmedebebis dawyebis
gamo sakanonmdeblo saqmianobam plenaruli sxdomebidan damfuZnebe­
li krebis prezidiumSi gadainacvla. sakanonmdeblo muSaoba garTul­
da imiTac, rom krebis aparatis TanamSromel mamakacTa didi umravle­
soba gawevrianda sabWoTa wiTeli armiis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad
Sekrebil moxaliseTa razmSi. krebis muSaoba srul SeCerebas gadaar­
Cina damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebam, romlis Tanaxmadac 7 Tanam­
Sromels damfuZnebeli krebis gankargulebaSi darCena daevala.

***
1921 wlis Teberval-martSi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis damxoba (iseve, rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis Zalado­
brivi Sewyveta) Cvenma sagareo faqtorebma, upirvelesad ki saqar­
Tvelos bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiam ganapiroba.
„saqarTvelom, rogorc damoukidebelma respublikam, iarseba
sul ori weli da aTi Tve _ es is vadaa, romlis ganmavlobaSi saparla­
mento qveynebi xSirad erTi mniSvnelovani kanonis miRebas da cxovre­
baSi gatarebas undebian xolme!5 (...)
saqarTvelo dabyrobili iqna swored maSin, roca ukve Casaxuli
iyo misi ekonomiuraT gamagrebis saSualebani da roca igi Sevida
saerTaSoriso ojaxSi rogorc kanonieri da sruluflebiani wevri.6
(...) saqarTvelos ubedureba imaSi iyo, rom mas sxvebze ufro adre mo­
staces damoukidebloba ise, rom man ver moaswro Tavis ekonomiur
SesaZleblobaTa savsebiT gaSla da gamoyeneba. sxvebma ufro met xans
iarsebes da amitom metic moaswres.~7 (...)
5. konstantine kandelaki. `saqarTvelos erovnuli meurneoba“, wigni II. „damoukidebeli
saqarTvelo: misi socialuri da ekonomiuri mdgomareoba“, parizi, 1960. gv. 211. saqar­
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis finansTa ministris, konstantine kandelakis am naS­
romis vrceli varianti Cvens mier gamzadebulia uaxloes xans gamosacemad.
6. iqve, gv. 212.
7. iqve, gv. 214.

13
is, rac saqarTvelom SesZlo da moaswro gaekeTebia mowmobs qarT­
veli xalxis simwifesa da saqarTvelos ekonomiur SesaZleblobas Ta­
vis _ Tavis patronobisTvis; sxvisi mowyalebis Semyure is nivTieraT
aras dros yofila da Tavis moTxovnilebebs igi martod _ marto, Ta­
vis sakuTar resursebiT ikmayofilebda rogorc damoukideblobis ga­
mocxadebis win, ise damoukidebel saxelmwifoT arsebobis periodSi.
saqarTvelos damoukideblaT arsebobis saSiSroebis Ziri sxvagan
iyo istoriulaT da iqve darCa: mis geografiul mdebareobaSi da misi
didi mezoblebis agresiuli ganwyobilebaSi.8
`rogoris warmodgenis ar unda viyoT Cven Cvenis Tavisuflebis
xanazed, rogoris kritikiT ar unda ganvixiloT yvelaferi, rasac
adgili hqonda am xanaSi, igi yovel SemTxvevaSi TvalsaCino adgils
daiWers saqarTvelos saerTo istoriaSi. Cven gvaxsovs marto nakli
da Secdomebi da dadebiT mxareebs ar veZebT da arc vixseniebT. jer
erTi, marto is rad Rirs, rom yvela qarTvel modgmis xalxebs: qar­
Tlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi, megrelebi, afxazebi, gurulebi, aWar­
lebi, svanebi da ingiloebi [1918-1921 wlebSi] mWidrod gaerTianebul
erad gamoviden msoflio asparezze. aseT gaerTianebas XIII saukunis
Semdeg adgili ar hqonia qarTul istoriaSi. (...) Cveni inteligenci­
is da niWier moRvaweTa Tavganwirulma muSaobam XIX saukunis meore
na­xevrisa Tavis mizans miaRwia, eri Seakowiwa, erovnuli meoba Seag­
nebia da erToba daamyara.
araviTar separatiul ltolvas qarTvel tomTa Soris Cveni Ta­
visuflebis dros adgili ara hqonia. (...) saqarTvelo iyo moTave ka­
vkasiis erebis erT politikur organizmad Seqmnisa da amierkavkasiis
seimis mowyobisa da Tu am cdam nayofi ar moitana da gaerTianeba ar
moxda, amis mizezi Cveni mezoblebis politikurad moumzadebloba da
Seugnebloba iyo.
rodesac amier kavkasiaSi sami respublika daarsda, de facto samive
cnobili iyo, magram maTSi marto saqarTvelom SesZlo, rom antantas
is de jure _ Tac ecno. es ar RirsebiaT arc erTs Cvens mezoblebs.
saqarTvelos suverenoba ara Tu marto evropis saxelmwifoebma
icnes, icno agreTve ruseTmac da specialuri xelSekrulobiT sajar­
oT aRiara misi suverenoba arsebuls sazRvrebSi. arc erTi sxva kavka­
siis saxelmwifo ruseTs ar ucvnia damoukideblad. marTalia man Sem­
deg veragulad Tavs dagvesxa da mospo Cveni Tavisufleba, magram igi
dResac ver bedavs Tqmas, rom `saqarTvelo ZaliT davibyario~, ara­med
_ `TviT xalxma mogviwviao~. (...)
`Cveni Tavisufleba marTalia xanmokle iyo, magram amisgan droSic
bevri TvalsaCino saqmeebi gakeTda. Cvenma sazogadoebam daibruna
avtokefalia, SevsZeliT dagvearsebia qarTuli universiteti da je­
rovnad mogvewyo masSi umaRlesi ganaTleba. daarsda auarebeli gim­

8. iqve gv. 215

14
naziebi da sxva skolebi da swavlis miRebis saqme mkvidr niadagze dam­
yarda, daarsda senati da moewyo saxalxo sasamarTlo da sxva.
me aRar gavagrZeleb sxva TvalsaCino saqmeebis aRnusxvas, vityvi
mxolod, rom warmateba aSkara iyo da rom uxeS Zalas aneqsia ar mo­
exdina, saqarTvelo dRes erTi samagaliTo patara saxelmwifo iqne­
boda. Tu Cven ver gamoveciT Cveni damoukideblobis drois sabuTebi
da aqtebi, es Cven miutevebel danaSaulobad CagveTvleba da momavali
Taoba amas Cven ar gvapatiebs~.9

***
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis arseboba 1921 wlis martSi Za­
ladobrivad Sewyda saqarTveloSi SemoWrili bolSevikuri ruseTis
uxeSi Zalis mier. Sedegad, krebis deputatTa erTi nawili iZulebu­
li gaxda ucxoeTSi gaxiznuliyo da politikuri emigraciis pirobeb­
Si gaegrZelebina saqmianoba; saqarTveloSi Segnebulad darCenili
deputatebi mudmivi devna-Seviwroebis Tu fizikuri ganadgurebis
msxverplni gaxdnen; saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis arsebobis
mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis yvela,
_ 1919-21 wlebSi gamocemuli Tu saarqivo-dokumenti miuwvdomeli
gaxda rigiT moqalaqeTaTvis; saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis dam­
saxurebani amoiSala qarTuli sazogadoebrivi mexsierebidan, aikrZa­
la ara Tu damfuZnebeli krebis saqmianobis samecniero kvleva, _ misi
sazogadod xsenebac ki.
dRes ukve tabumoxsnili istoriuli dokumentebis gamosace­
mad momzadebis saqmeSi Seufasebeli Rvawli miuZRvis saqarTvelos
erovnuli biblioTekis TanamSromelTa jgufs mecnierebis, kultur­
isa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis departamentis direqtor emzar jger­
enaias xelmZRvanelobiT. rom ara sami wlis ganmavlobaSi misi da misi
jgufis saqmisadmi amgvari kvalificiuri damokidebuleba, es gamoce­
ma aseTi srulyofili saxiT ver Seiqmneboda.
didi madloba maT am saqmis warmatebiT dasrulebisTvis.
warmodgenili dokumentebis mravaltomeuli gamocema, dar­wmu­
nebuli varT, did daxmarebas gauwevs miukerZoebel mkiTxvels saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli umaRlesi sakanon­
mdeblo organos, _ saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis naazrevisa da
saqmianobis SeswavlaSi.

9. saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagis [moadgiles], eqvTime


TayaiSvilis moxsnebidan, 1939 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis, damfuZnebeli krebis
prezidiumisa da qarTul politikur partiaTa sabWos gaerTianebul (e.w. `kolegiis~)
sxdomaze. am sxdomaTa 1922-1939 wlebis sruli stenogramebi Cvens mier Tavmoyrilia da
gamzadebulia uaxloes xans gamosacemad.

15
***
emigraciaSi, saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis legitimaciis
Se­saxeb msjelobisas, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma ilia nucubiZem ga­
moTqva saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa saerTo mosazreba:
`aris ori ufleba _ revoliucionuri da formaluri.
pirvelia, _ roca xalxi revoliuciuri gziT auqmebs arsebul
reJims da qmnis axal konstitucias. daiwereba revoliuciuri
kanoni, romelic iqceva formalur normad.
meore _ formaluri ufleba _ dawerili konstitucia TviT
gaiTvaliswinebs TavisTvis gauqmebis wesebs da pirobebs.
mesame _ saokupacio ufleba ar arsebobs. Cveni konstitucia ki
okupantebma gaauqmes.
amitom Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba iuridiulad arsebobs.~
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebiT iwyeba saqar­
Tvelos demokratiulad arCeul umaRles sakanonmdeblo organoTa
mowvevebis aTvla. amdenad, demokratiuli saqarTvelos damfuZnebe­
li kreba (1919-1921) parlamentis pirvel mowvevadaa miCneuli. Sesa­
bamisad, 2016-2020 wlebis mowvevis parlamenti aris „saqarTvelos re­
spublikis mecxre mowvevis parlamenti~.

irakli iakobaSvili
saqarTvelos parlamentis arqivis gamge
dekemberi, 2018 weli

16
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

pirveli sxdoma

oTxSabaTi 1919 wlis martis 12. tfilisi. sasaxle.

kreba iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 saaTsa da 12 wuTze.


Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa
silibistro jiblaZe.
mdivnobs uumcrosesi wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa
giorgi faRava. (s.-d.)

silibistro jiblaZis sityva.

batonebo!
am dResac moveswari! Cems grZel cxovrebis miwurulSi bevri bed­
nieri dRe gamTenebia, magram es yvelaze unetaresia.
Cemma xnovanobam wilaT marguna gaxsna am diadi, am ormagi dResas­
waulisa.
batonebo, dido batonebo!
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! upirveles yovlisa, neba miboZeT mo­
giZRvnaT Cemi gulwrfeli, gulis siRrmidan amoRebuli salami!
neba miboZeT mogilocoT es diadi dRe, dRe Cveni xalxis davaJk­
acebisa, misi srul wlovanobisa!
neba momeciT didis mokrZalebiT mivesalmo da dabla Tavi daukra
ucxo saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebs. (taSi)
salami dids britaneTs. (taSi; deputatebi fexze adgomiT miesal­
mebian britaniis warmomadgenlebs) am akvans demokratiisas. (taSi).
neba miboZeT mivesalmo safrangeTs, samSoblos revoliuciisas.
(taSi da ovacia). neba miboZeT mivesalmo, amerikis bumberaz SeerTebul
Statebs, simbolos Tavisuflebisas (mxurvale taSi da ovacia).
patara Sveicarias, (taSi da ovacia,) am yvela devnilTa mfarvels.
me mwams, me mjera, rom didi da maRali kultura am kulturul
saxelmwifoebisa, mohfens Tavis Zleva mosils sxivs Cven norCsa da pa­
tara respublikasac.

17
gaumarjos ruseTis yvela erebs, romlebic ganTavisufldnen
TviTmpyrobeli mefis brWyalebisagan (taSi).
mivesalmebi Cven mezobel respublikebs, aderbeijans, (taSi) som­
xeTs (taSi) da mTielTa respublikas (taSi) mivesalmebi sparseTis
warmomadgenels (taSi) mivesalmebi poloneTis axal respublikis war­
momadgenlebs (taSi) warmomadgenels litvisa da ukrainisa (taSi), mi­
vesalmebi saberZneTs, ispanias, norvegias da holandias. (taSi).
axla neba miboZeT mxurvale salami miuZRvna Cvens mTavrobas da mis
belads b. n. Jordanias (mxurvale taSi). maT RirseulaT atares mZime qudi
monomaxisa, romelic maTda uneburaT daaxura maT uCveulo momentma.
vaSa, vaSa, Tqven gamWriaxobas da saqmianobasa.
batonebo, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! neba miboZeT kvlav Tqven
mogesalmoT! keTili iyos Tqveni fexis Semodgoma am TeTr darbazSi,
sadac, vin icis, ramdeni Savi saqmeni gakeTebula! bednieri iyos Tqveni
aq dabinaveba, aq am Tqven saxlSi, romelsac sxvebi hpatronobdnen, ro­
melSiac xalxis mtrebi xalxis xarjze qeifobdnen da dros atarebd­
nen, xalxis borkilebs sWeddnen da amagrebdnen.
kurTxeul iyos safuZveli im axal saxelmwifoebrivi Senobisa,
romlis asagebaT Tqven brZandebiT mowodebuli.
metad seriozul momentSi dagakisra Tqven droTa brunvam es Tqve­
ni mZime movaleoba. Cven mowameni varT, batonebo, iseT ambebis, moZrao­
bis, cvalebadobisa, romlis msgavsi aseTi farTo masStabiT ar axsovs
msoflio istorias. moZraoba-cvalebadoba sulia cxovrebisa, magram
es yvelasaTvis gasagebi WeSmariteba, winaT TviT udidesi mecniere­
bisTvisac warmoudgeneli da miuwdomeli saidumloeba iyo. filo­
sofos aristotels verc ki warmoedgina saxelmwifoebrivi cxov­reba
gareSe monobis institutisa. es xdeboda imitom rom procesi ganvi­
Tarebisa, moZraobisa metis-metaT neli nabijiT midioda. dRes sxva
suraTi iSleba Cvens Tval win. dRes istoria TiTqos gamoerkva saRa­
Tas Zilidan, amoifSvnita Tvalebi da pirvelaT ixila Tavisi codve­
bi: is saSineli, gulSemzaravi sizantiT da zmorviT CoCavs da xoxavs.
man TiTqos igrZno mTeli simZime am codvebis da ai Tavisi warsulis
asanazRaureblaT auSva Tavisi dambuli mali merani. Cven vxedavT, ra
Tav-bru damsxmeli siswrafiT mieCqareba win es merani, da Cven vxedavT,
ra saSinel ryevas da ngrevas iwvevs are-mareSi es moZraoba. ingreva
saxelmwifoebi, ispoba, Tumca dro-moWmuli, magram jer kidev Zleva
mosili wodebebi, nafotiviT imsxvreva taxtebi RvTis mier mironcx­
ebulTa. romelTa erTi saxeli SiSis zars scemda mTel qveynierebas.
erTi sityviT cxovreba veRar eteva Tavis tanSi, gaficicebiT kans
icvlis, ganaxlebis-gadaxalisebis gzaze dgeba. sazogadoebriv urT­
ierTobaTa axali kvanZi iskvneba.
Tavis TavaT ismeba sakiTxi, ra davkargeT Cven, da ra SeviZineT,
Cven am saerTaSoriso oromtrialSi. pasuxi moklea: davkargeT is, ris
dakargva da damarxva yovelTvis Seadgenda Cveni demokratiis saocne­

18
bo sagans, mis pirvel ideals, wyevla-krulviT gaduSviT mefis TviT­
mpyrobeloba im ufskrulSi, romlis piramdis miiyvana man mraval tan­
juli da wamebuli Sromeli xalxi. ai, batonebo, sidiade Tebervlis
da martis revoliuciisa.
bednieri aris es axali Taoba, romelmac mxoloT ixila damar­
xva, magram Tavis norC sxeulze ar ugrZvnia saSineli brWyalebi or­
Tavian arwivis reJimisa. magram, es cotaa, es ar kmara. ar kmara mar­
to dangreva Zvelisa. saWiroa mefis TviTmpyrobelobis nangrevebze
xalxis TviTmpyrobelobis gamagreba, Zvels saflavze axal, mtkice
saZirkvelis dafuZneba. da ai aqedan warmodgeba Cveni meore ideali:
srul-uflebian damfuZnebeli yriloba.
damfuZnebeli yriloba _ es gvirgvinia revoliuciisa, mis monapo­
varTa ganmtkicebisa. mTeli 9 Tve atara ruseTis demokratiam idea
am yrilobisa, bolos didi vaivaglaxiT da tanjviT warmoSva man es
yriloba. magram, aqve gamoaSkaravda sisuste am demokratiisa. man ver
SesZlo misi movla patronoba, da ai erT cxovelisa ar iyos _ dabadebi­
sTanave STanTqa mSobelma Tavis Sobili. oqtombris gadatrialebam
gadauSva anarqiis morevSi didi gemi didi revoliuciisa.
locva-kurTxeviT moigonebs momavali Taoba madlieri Cvens
demokratias da mis mTavrobas, romelmac erTad erTma ar dahkarga
goneba, ar mieca sasowarkveTilebas _ am saerTo gancdis dros. mxo­
lod am demokratiam gadaarCina Cveni patara navi, mware xvedrs, didi
revoliuciis, didi gemisa, romelzedac mTeli 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mikruli iyo magari jaWviT. mxoloT man erTma aacila es navi aTasgvar
dabrkolebas da kldeebs, anarqiis uZiro zRvaSi amozidulT da moiy­
vana aq, am samSvidoboSi, am diad am Zvirfas ganZiT, damfuZnebeli kre­
biT. cxadia, es didi saqme aris Sedegi ara ubralo, brma, da bednieri
SemTxvevis, rogorc zogierTni fiqroben, aramed Cveni demokratiis
im swori politikuri sibrZne-simwifisa, razedac es es iyo mogaxseneb­
diT. ar aris dargi iseTi rTuli da saidumloebiT moculi, rogorc
politika. da vai im xalxs, romlis politikur xelmZRvanelebs ar Se­
swevs gamWriaxoba Caixedon am saidumloebis siRrmeSi da gaikvlion
gza am iSviaT xelovnebis bnel labirintSi. TviTeuli nabiji mrudeT
gadadgmuli am sferoSi, SeiZleba gaxdes sabediswero nabijad mTeli
xalxisaTvis.
aba ra xeiri daayares, batonebo, TavianT xalxs im politikurma
partiebma, romlebic mxolod sxva xalxis daRupvaze, sxvis ubedure­
baze ocneboben. meore cocxali magaliTi. ras fiqroben da ras cdi­
loben Cveni fex-mardi komunist-bolSevikebi? mTel qveynierebaze da
ara marto ruseTis cxovrebaSi, socializmis xelaT ganxorcielebaze
da erTi muWa wiTel armielebis xiStebiT veeberTela ruseTis glexTa
am umaRles socialur samefoSi gadatyorcnas.
sul sxva gza airCia Cvenma demokratiam. kaci-Wamiaobas da mezo­
belTa mZulvarebas man daupirdapira WeSmariti demokratiuli prin­

19
cipi erTa solidarobisa da keTil-ganwyobilebisa komunistTa dam­
Rupvel eqsperimentebs, _ win daxeduleba da Sors-mWvreteloba. Cveni
survili iyo ruseTis demokratiasTan erTad brZola da Wirsa da lx­
inSi masTan yofna, masTan sicocxle. magram mware sinamdvilem gvimtyu­
na, da gagvicrua es imedebi. anarqiis talRebma mogvwyvita mas da ob­
laT gagvriya. da roca Cven angariSi gauwieT am sinamdviles, magraT
SemovibareT, SemovibekneT pirvelad mTel amierkavkasiis da Semdeg
Cven respublikis farglebSi. Cvenma „keTilis mosurneebma“ daiwunes
da dagmes es Cveni taqtika. Semdeg roca Cveni da Cveni ganmartoebul
respublikis mdgomareoba imdenad garTulda, rom daisva kiTxva Cve­
ni fizikuri yofna ar yofnisa da roca Cven ar yofnas yofna varCieT,
da karzed mosul gansacdels Tavi davaxwieT, es imave Cvenma „keTi­
lis msurvelebma“ aramc Tu dagviwunes, aramed pirdapir damalulad
demokratiul principis Ralatad CamogvarTves da astexes saSineli
gangaSi: _ qveyana iqceva, Cven Tan mivyvebiT, Tqven ki raRac sakuTar
arsebobaze foCixobTo.
aseTia, batonebo, buneba buSmenTa moralisa. rodesac amoSiSv­
lebuli xmlebiT Tavs gesxmian, karg saqmes Svrebian! roca Tavs icavT
veragul Tavdasxmidgan es _ cudze ucudesia! davutovoT buSmenebs
maTi buSmenuri morali da gavswioT win, im Cveni gziT, swori gziT,
romelmac ara erTxel gamogviyvana gamousvleli Cixidgan, romelmac
SegvanarCuna Zvirfasi monapovari revoliuciisa.
batonebo, dRes am revoliuciis, ruseTis revoliuciis 2 wlis
Tavia. Cveni demokratia, madlieri demokratia ar daiviwyebs did
amags ruseTis demokratiisas. muxlis modrekiT movixseniebT am
demokratiis gmirebs, romelTac Tavi dasdves sakacobrio samsxver­
ploze. 2 weliwadia rac mopovebul Cvens Tavisuflebas emuqrebian
yovel mxridan mozRvavebuli mtrebi. saxeli da dideba Cven xalxis
rCeul Svilebs, _ saxalxo gvardia da axalgazda jars, romelTac Tvi­
si Tavdadebuli mamacobiT SeinarCunes, daicves Segvinaxes da Cagab­
ares Tqven es Tavisufleba (taSi). awi, batonebo, Tqvens xelT aris
bedi am Cven qarcecxlSi gamotarebuli avla-didebisa. ver vityviT,
rom sruliad uzrunveli, dazRveuli iyos es Tavisufleba mosalod­
nel saSiSroebisagan, vinaidan ar sCans dasasruli im qaosisa, romlis
alSi Caagdo mTeli ganaTlebuli kacobrioba saSinelma msoflio
omma. magram erTi ram ki SeiZleba aq iTqvas gadaWriT: xalxi, romel­
mac mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi daicva Tavisi vinaoba, xalxi, ro­
melsac ar SeeSinda CrdiloeTis susxian zamTris, romelmac gamoiCi­
na unari TviTmpyrobelobis sqeli da civi yinvis qveS politikuri
da moqalaqobrivi zrda-ganviTarebisa, es xalxi ar daiRupeba da
arc daRupavs mopoebul Tavisuflebas. maS gaumarjos saqarTvelos
Tavisufali damoukidebeli respublikis Tavisufal demokratias,
gaumarjos saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas. erTxel kidev giZRvniT

20
Cems gulwrfel salams da kidev gisurvebT warmatebas da Tavisufal
muSaobas (xangrZlivi taSi).
damfuZnebel krebis muSaobisaTvis saWiro aris Rirseuli da
daxelovnebul xelmZRvanelis arCeva. inebeT batonebo dasaxeleba kan­
didatebisa. sityva ekuTvnis noe cincaZes.

damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris da mis ufrosi


amxanagis arCeva.

noe cincaZe. (s.d) soc.-dem. fraqciis saxeliT winadadeba Semo­


maqvs: arCeul iqmnas dRes damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomare da mis
ufros amxanagi. damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomared Cven vasaxelebT
nikoloz simonis Ze CxeiZes (taSi) da mis ufros amxanagad aleqsandre
lomTaTiZes.
Tavmjdomare. aris Tu ara sxva kandidatebi? sxva kandidatebi
araa. vin aris momxre TavmjdomareT nikoloz CxeiZis arCevisa? wi­
naaRmdegi aravinaa. vin Seikava Tavi? aravin. erTxmaT arCeulia (xan­
grZliv taSi). vin aris momxre, rom al. lomTaTiZe arCeul iyos ufros
amxanagad. vin Seikava Tavi? aravin. erTxmaT arCeulia (aleqsandre
lomTaTiZe ikavebs Tavmjdomaris adgils. silibistro jiblaZe mas
esalmeba da Tavmjdomaris adgils stovebs. deputatebi al. lomTa­
TiZes taSis cemiT egebebian).

aleqsandre lomTaTiZis sityva.

moqalaqeno, xalxis ndobiT aRWurvilno, mesveurno, saqarTve­


los demokratiul respublikisa! uwinaresyovlisa miiReT Cemi mx­
urvale madloba da dabali salami im diad ndobisTvis, romelic me
gamomicxadeT, da romliTac me damakisreT aseTi sapatio, magram mas­
Tanve friad mZime, mo­valeoba.
nu Tu dResac gamoCndeba iseTi vinme, vinc gabedavs da ityvis, rom
saqarTvelos da mis demokratias ar Seswevs gonebrivi, sulieri da
fizikuri Zala, rom aramc Tu mtkice saZirkveli Cauyaros saxalxo,
saerovno saqmes, aramed ganamtkicos am saZirkvelze uryeveli, miuva­
li cixe-simagre xalxis neba-survilebis, misi saxelmwifoebrivobis
gamomxatveli da damgvirgvinebeli.
ai dRevandeli dRe, moqalaqeno, aSkarad RaRadebs imas, rom
saqarTvelo da misi xalxi momwifebulia. mtkicedaa Semdgari Tavis
sakuTar fexze, da TviT gamosWedavs Tavis sakuTar beds. dRevande­
li dRe amis saukeTeso gamomxatvelia, dRevandeli zeimi aSkarad me­
tyvelebs amas.

21
me Cems Tavs nebas mivcem movigono sami momenti istoriisa ukanask­
nel saukunis ganmavlobaSi. momenti, rodesac 19 saukunis ganTiadze
maSindelma saqarTvelos mesveurebma saukeTesod dainaxes, rom Tavis
xalxis da Tavis eris bediRbali mosazRvre did saxelmwifosTvis Cae­
barebinaT. Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, Tu ra pirobebSi moxda es istori­
uli aqti, Tqven iciT ras gamoeloda saqarTvelo, rogorc saxelmwi­
foebrivi erTeuli maSin dadebul xelSekrulebisagan, da ra miiRo
man sinamdvileSi. magram iciT isic, rom is didi saxelmwifo, romel­
mac mas Tavis mfarveloba aRuTqva, sxva rames saqarTvelos ver miscem­
da. iq, did ruseTSi xalxi gminavda TiTon maSindel saxelmwifoebriv
reJimis sastik salteebSi CaWedili; da Cven gvesmis, Tu ratom am nairi
politika iqmna nawarmoebi maT mier patara saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. saW­
iro iyo, rom dabadebuliyo axali Zala, axali gzis gamkafavi xalxis
gansaTavisufleblad. da mecxramete saukunis meore naxevarSi gaCnda
kidec es Zala, romelic Seudga axali gzis, axali politikuri gezis
gamonaxvas. es gza iyo gza saerTo, Zmuri im xalxTan, romlis saxelmwi­
foebriv sazRvrebSi saqarTvelo moaqcia istoriulma msvlelobam da
ai am saerTo gziT iara Cvenma xalxma, Cvenma demokratiam da Tqven iciT,
moqalaqeno, Tu ra Sedegebi mohyva aseT brZolis gzas _ SeerTebulma
Zalam ruseTs da saqarTvelos demokratiebisam, daangria TviTmpyro­
beloba, es Zir moWmuli, Zir dampali saxelmwifoebrivi weswyobile­
ba, da istoriis wiaRSi gadaisrola is erTxel da samudamod. es moxda
27 Tebervals, ori wlis wined. es meore istoriuli momenti.
dRes, 12 marts wlis Tavia am diadi gadatrialebisa. Tu gadaavlebT
Tvals am ori wlis ambavs, movigonebT mokled ra xdeboda aq, CvenSi.
ras miaRwies iq, da ra gvaqvs aq CvenSi, patara saqarTveloSi. saqarT­
velos demokratia aq iseTi mdidari gamodga, rom mas, visac dascinod­
nen kidec, ra SeuZlian am patara da ganuviTarebel xalxs da erso, mas,
moqalaqeno, Tamamad SeuZlian sTqvas, rom maSindeli didi ruseTis,
didi demokratiis brZolis dros TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg Cveni
xalxis Svilni saukeTeso mebrZolni da xelmZRvanelni iyvnen im sabe­
diswero brZolaSi, da es oqros asoebiT aRibeWdeba istoriaSi. da Tu
dRes es movigoneT TqvenwinaSe, es imisTvis, rom erTxel kidev gaigon,
rom saqarTvelos SeuZlian aramc Tu Tavis sakuTar saqmeebs gauZRves,
aramed sxvasac daexmaros. Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rom manam, sanam
ruseTis bediRbals da ruseTis demokratiis vaJkacur Tav ganwirul
brZolis dros ruseTSi batonobda is politikuri saxelmwifoebrivi
aRmSeneblobis sibrZne, romelic dResaa saqarTveloSi, ruseTis er­
Tiani demokratiuli fronti uryeveli iyo. is, rac am politikis dam­
arcxebis Semdeg ganicada ruseTma, aaSkaravebs Tqven winaSe romeli gza
da gezi yofila xalxisaTvis sasargeblo dRevandel socialur poli­
tikur pirobebSi. es iyo erTad erTi gza, rom ruseTis gaerTianebuli
demokratiuli ojaxi ar gapartaxebuliyo da demokratiis suvereno­
bis adgili jgufis batonobas da Zaldatanebas ar daeWira. marTalia

22
dRes ruseTi mborgav zRvas warmoadgens, marTalia boboqrobs iq sazo­
gadoebrivi cxovreba, magram, moqalaqeno, es imis momaswavebeli rodia,
TiTqos demokratia Tavis navTsayudels gadadiodes, piriqiT mas umza­
deben xangrZlivs damarcxebas, da kidev ufro met Savbnel dReebs.
damarcxda saerTo gziT mosiarule ruseTi, Cven Cvens sakuTar
Zalis da bedis anabara dagvtoves aq, maSin rodesac Cven vicodiT,
rom gvyvavda iseTi mezobeli, sadac aziuri, despotiuri weswyo­
bilebas jer kidev mkvidri safuZveli aqvs da dRes Tu ara, xval am
despotizmis msxverpli unda gavmxdariyaviT. dadga meore momenti,
rodesac, kavkasionis qedis aqeT, mcxovreb xalxTaTvis Seiqmna iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom saerTo ZaliT SesaZlebeli iyo saerTo keTildRe­
obis gamoWedva, magram es ese ar moxda. me aq ar gamoudgebi mizezebis
gamorkvevas. es istorias mivandoT, dadga iseTi, mdgomareoba, roca
TviTeul ers, TviTeul demokratias TviT unda ezrunva Tavis Tavze.
da ai gasul wlis 26 maisidan dawyobili dRevandlamdin, saqarTve­
los demokratia viTa gaafrTebuli lomi ibrZvis, rom SeinarCunos
monapovari didebul revoliuciisa Tavis miwa wyalze. ase moisurva
saqarTvelos demokratiam Tavis, Tavis gamorkveva da am gzas adgia
is dResac.
ai Sedegi Tavganwirul brZolisa, moqalaqeno, man Tavisi wminda
droSa, saqarTvelos demokratiis saukeTeso Svilebis sisxliT gan­
banili, moitana aq, ai am damfuZnebel krebaSi da mogiwodaT Tqven,
rom ganagrZoT es saSviliSvilo, damoukideblobisaTvis saarsebo
mniSvnelobis saqmis keTeba.
moqalaqeno, Cven gvinda erTi ram. nuravin SegviSlis xels am
muSaobis dros, Cven gvinda ganvacxadoT aqedan da gvsurs, rom es
Cveni gancxadeba isminos mTelma kacobriobam da saTanado angariSi
gauwios mas: Cven gvinda azia davtioT, evropis saerTo xalxTa ojaxSi
SevideT, da Cveni ZaliT da sxvis daxmarebiTac, Tu es daxmareba vismes­
gan gveRirseba, gavxdeT sworuflebiani wevri evropiul xalxebTan,
evropiul demokratiaTa da maT saxelmwifoTa saerTo ojaxisa. (taSi).
Cven gvinda, rom gaigos es yvelam, gauwios amas angariSi, me mgoni
rom is evropis saxelmwifoebi, romlis warmomadgenlebi dRes arian
aq, didi britaneTi, ganTqmuli Tavis demokratiul konstituciiT,
didi revoliuciis akvani, didi safrangeTi, demokratiuli Sveicar­
ia, didi amerika, amas saTanado angariSs gauweven, da marTlac, rom
Cven gvergeba wili am sakacobrio lozungis ganxorcielebis dros,
romlis ZaliT mcire eris da mis demokratias saSualeba unda mieces
Tavis sakuTari bedi TviTon gamosWedos (taSi).
dasasrul, batonebo, xazi unda gausva kidev erT garemoebas: ar­
ian warmomadgenelni Cveni mezobel saxelmwifoebisa, norC respub­
likebisa. me nebas vaZlev Cem Tavs, mivmarTo maT mxolod erTi sur­
viliT. Cven xelT aris Cveni xalxisa, Cveni demokratiis bed-iRbali,
Cven SegviZlian davangrioT am erebis bedniereba, samudamo saflavi

23
moumzadoT maT da maTs idealebs. magram Cven xelT aris agreTve gam­
ovWedoT maTTvis saukeTeso momavali. da me mgonia, rom es SegveZleba
mxolod maSin, rodesac Cven, mezoblebTan erTad, saerTo ZaliT xeli
xelT Cakidebuli, Zmurad vivliT. maSin Cveni mtrebi arc ise saSiSre­
bi iqnebian. me visurveb rom ai aseTi gza agveRos Cven yvelas da saer­
To gonebrivi, sulieri da fizikuri ZalTa SeerTebiT gvebrZolnos
saukeTeso momavlisaTvis (taSi).
erTxel kidev momeciT neba, uRrmesi madloba mogiZRvnaT am did
ndobisaTvis, da TqvenTan erTad SevsZaxo: _ gaumarjos Tavisufal da­
moukidebel demokratiul saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas, gaumar­
jos Cvens stumrebs, maT saxelmwifoebs, da maT mier warmodgenil
demokratias (taSi).
Semdegi sakiTxi, romlis gadawyveta da gadaWra dRevandel wes­
rigSi aris navaraudevi, es gaxlavT Semdegi aqti damoukideblobisa,
neba momeciT mogaxsenoT...
(aleqsandre lomTaTiZe kiTxulobs, deputatebi fexze adgomiT
ismenen saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqts.)

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba, _ arCeuli pirdapiri, Tanas­


wori, sayovelTao, faruli da proporcionaluri saarCevno sistemiT
orive sqesis moqalaqeTa mier, _ Tavis pirvelsave sxdomaze, 1919 w.
martis 12-s, qveynisa da istoriis winaSe aRiarebs, rom is savsebiT
iRebs da adasturebs saqarTvelos erovnul sabWos mier 1918 w. maisis
26-s, naSuadRevis 5s. da 10 w. tfilisSi gamocxadebuls saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis Semdeg aqts:

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqti.

„mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo arsebobda, rogorc


damoukidebeli da Tavisufali saxelmwifo.
„meTvramete saukunis dasasruls yovel mxriv mtrisagan Sevi­
wroebuli, saqarTvelo Tvisi nebiT SeuerTda ruseTs im pirobiT,
rom ruseTi valdebuli iyo saqarTvelo gareSe mtrisagan daecva.
„ruseTis didi revoliuciis msvlelobam ruseTSi iseTi Sinagani
wyobileba Sehqmna, rom mTeli saomari fronti sruliad daiSala da
rusis jarmac dastova amierkavkasia.
„darCnen ra Tvisi ZalRonis amarad, saqarTvelom da masTan er­
Tad amierkavkasiam, TviT idves Tavs sakuTari saqmeebis gaZRola da
patronoba da Sesaferi organoebic Sehqmnes; magram gareSe ZalTa
zedgavleniT amierkavkasiis erTa SemaerTebeli kavSiri dairRva da

24
miT amierkavkasiis politikuri mTlianobac daiSala.
„qarTveli eris dRevandeli mdgomareoba aucileblad moiTxovs,
rom saqarTvelom sakuTari saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia Sehqmnas,
misi saSualebiT gareSe Zalis mier dapyrobisagan Tavi gadairCinos
da damoukidebel ganviTarebis mtkice safuZveli aagos.
„amisda Tanaxmad saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo, 1917 wlis noembris
22-s arCeuli saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobis mier, dRes acxadebs.
1) amieridan saqarTvelos xalxi suverenul uflebaTa matarebe­
lia da saqarTvelo sruluflebiani damoukidebeli saxelmwifoa.
2) damoukidebel saqarTvelos politikuri forma _ demokrati­
uli respublikaa.
3) saerTaSoriso omianobaSi saqarTvelo mudmivi neitraluri
saxelmwifoa.
4) saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas surs saerTaSoriso
urTierTobis yvela wevrTan keTilmezobluri ganwyobileba daam­
yaros, gansakuTrebiT ki mosazRvre saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan.
5) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika Tavis sazRvrebSi Ta­
nasworad uzrunvelhyofs yvela moqalaqis samoqalaqo da politikur
uflebebs ganurCevlad erovnebisa, sarwmunoebisa, socialur mdgo­
mareobisa da sqesisa.
6) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ganviTarebis Tavisu­
fal asparezs gauxsnis mis teritoriaze mosaxle yvela ers.
7) damfuZnebel krebis Sekrebamde mTelis saqarTvelos marTva-­
gamgeobis saqmes uZRveba erovnuli sabWo, romelic Sevsebuli iqneba
erovnuli umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebiT, da droebiTi mTavroba
pasuxismgebelia sabWos winaSe.

xelis mowera aqtze.

aleqsandre lomTaTiZe. exla, batonebo keTil inebeT da xeli


moawereT am didebul aqts. me neba momeciT daviwyo mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomariT. (xels aweren aqtsa).

morigi sxdomis daniSvna.

aleqsandre lomTaTiZe. Semdegi sakiTxebi dRevandel wesrigSi


aRar aris. Semotanili aris winadadeba. am winadadebaSi aris ori
sakiTxi, erTi Sesaxeb Semdeg sxdomis dRis daniSvnisa, da meore dRi­
ur wesrigis mier.
winadadeba aris Semotanili social-demokratiis fraqciis mier.
am winadadebiT morigi sxdoma unda dainiSnos zeg, 14 marts, dilis 12
saaTze. jer es sakiTxi unda gadavwyvitoT. sxva winadadeba ar aris.

25
neba momeciT uyaro kenWi. vin aris momxre, rom sxdoma dainiSnos
14-s? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame, damfuZnebel krebis sxdoma
iqneba 14 marts 12 saaTze.

morig sxdomis dRiuri wesrigis damateba.

aleqsandre lomTaTiZe. Semdegi sakiTxi Seexeba dRiur wesrigs


damfuZnebel krebisa. wanadadeba gaxlavT Semdegi;
pirvel sakiTxad gaxlavT prezidiumis danarCen wevrebis arCeva
da meore, mTavrobis moxseneba.
es ori sakiTxi mxolod aqvs ganzraxuli social-demokratiis
fraqcias. Tu isurvebT raimes damatebas, am cvlilebas TiTon im kreba­
ze gadaswyvetT, radganac damfuZnebel krebas surs, rom jer-jero­
biT dRiur wesrigSi iyos ori sakiTxi: pirveli prezidiumis arCeva
da meore mTavrobis moxseneba. amiT dRevandeli sxdoma gaTavebulia.
aris erTi winadadeba da Txovna. me mgoni rom krebas araferi eqne­
ba sawinaaRmdego. ai aq aris sinemato-grafiuli da fotografiuli
aparati, da gvTxoven es didebuli momenti aRbeWdili iqmnes.
batonebo, dRiuri wesrigi gaTavebulia, da unda mogaxsenoT, rom
damoukideblobis aqti erTxmaT aris miRebuli.

kreba ixureba 2 s. da 50 w.

26
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meore sxdoma.

oTxSabaTi 1919 wlis martis 14. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs Tavmjdomaris ufrosi amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
kreba ixsneba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 20 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT.


Tqvenis gadawyvetilebiT, jer-jerobiT, mxolod ori sakiTxia
dRiur wesrigSi.
pirveli _ prezidiumis wevrTa arCeva,
meore _ mTavrobis gancxadeba.
gaxlavT agreTve werilobiTi gancxadeba saxelmwifo kantro­
liorisa, Sesaxeb imisa, rom masac surs dRes mokle moxseneba gaukeTos
sxdomas.
moisurvebT Tu ara, rom es mesame sakiTxi agreTve iqmnes Setani­
li? winaaRmdegi aravin aris.
maSasadame mesame sakiTxad iqneba _ moxseneba saxelmwifo kontro­
liorisa.
aris kidev axali winadadeba: dRis wesrigSi dasmuli iqmnes sa­
mandato komisiis arCeva. (arseniZe: meoTxe sakiTxad!) diax! meoTxe
sakiTxad. winaaRmdegi aravin aris.
maSasadame: pirveli sakiTxia: _ prezidiumis wevrTa arCeva.
meore _ mTavrobis gacxadeba.
saxelmwifo kontrolioris mokle moxseneba _ mesame, da samanda­
to komisiis arCevnebi _ meoTxe.
dRiuri wesrigi, maSasadame, damtkicebuli gaxlavT.
pirveli sakiTxi _ prezidiumis wevrTa arCeva.
vis surs am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
arseniZes.

27
damfuZnebel krebis ufros mdivnis arCeva.

raJden arseniZe. (s.d.) me minda patara winadadeba Semovitano.


dRes avirCioT mxolod ufrosi mdivani. danarCeni prezidiumis wevr­
Ta arCeva gadavdoT Semdeg sxdomisTvis, im mosazrebiT, rom SesaZle­
beli gaxdes yvela fraqciebTan, yvela mimdinareobasTan molaparake­
ba da SeTanxmeba.
krebis gasaZRolad prezidiumis wevrebisagan, dRes sakmarisi
iqneba Tavmjdomare da mdivani.
danarCeni wevrebi SeiZleba amovirCioT Semdeg krebaze.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame winadadeba aris Semosuli, rom dRevan­
del sxdomaze moxdes nawilobrivi arCevnebi prezidiumisa. am wina­
dadebis Sesaxeb surs vismes sityva aiRos Tu ara? msurveli aravin
aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi arseniZis mier Semotanil winadadebisa?
winaaRmdegi aravin aris. winadadeba krebis wevris arseniZisa miRe­
bulia.
exla gTxovT kandidatebi daasaxeloT.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
r. arseniZe. (s.d.) ufros mdivnad Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs konstan-
tine jafariZes.
Tavmjdomare. aris Tu ara sxva kandidatebi? sxva kandidatebi ar
aris. maSasadame me kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre, rom ufros mdivnad
iyos arCeuli deputati konstantine jafariZe. erTxmad aris arCeuli
konstantine jafariZe. (taSi).
meore sakiTxi _ mTavrobis gancxadeba.

mTavrobis gancxadeba.

mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania. saqarTvelos respublikis


mTavroba mdablad Tavs gikravT, gisurvebT keTil mobrZanebas da Tan
geTxovebaT. mTavrobam miaRwia exla Tavis ZiriTad mizans: moiwvia
saqarTvelos namdvili baton-patroni. Sehyara damfuZnebeli kreba
da ai exla mas SeuZlia Tqvens winaSe ganimeoros mxcovani moxuc sime­
onis sityvebi.
magram sanam davtovebdeT Cvens posts, sanam gadaviqceodeT erT
TqvenTaganaT da mand, Tqvens Soris CavjdebodeT, manamdis saWiroT
migvaCnia damfuZnebeli kreba SeviyvanoT saxelmwifos saqmeTa mdgo­
mareobaSi, gavacnoT ra iyo mTavroba, saidgan modioda da saiT midi­
oda is.
saqarTvelos mTavroba arsebobs dRidan saqarTvelos damou­
kidebel saxelmwifod gamocxadebisa. xolo es damoukideblobis ga­
mocxadeba moxda, saqarTvelos gareSe mdgom Zalebis zegavleniT, misi
sagareo saqmeTa msvlelobis procesSi. erTis mxriT ruseTis Cveni

28
qveynidan wasvliT, meore mxriT osmaleTis mosvliT – ai am orma isto­
riulma movlenam dabada Cveni damoukidebloba, rogorc aucilebeli
saSualeba am qartexilSi Tavis gadarCenis da istoriul warRvnis­
agan Tavis dasaRwevad. mTavrobis winaSe idga erTi mTavari sagani,
romlis miRwevisaTvis mas unda moenaxa mTeli Tavis ZalRone. mas cx­
ovrebam dauyena erTi amocana, erTi dillema da es dillema aris, Tu
ra gziT SevsZlebT am patara eris, misi patara saSualebebiT aoxre­
bisagan gadarCenas, misi fizikuri arsebobis da kulturis SerCenas.
Cven, didi ruseTis frTeb qveS Sefarebuli, gadaCveulni Tavis
movlas da batonobas, moulodnelaT davrCiT Cveni Tavis amara da ai,
am garemoebam ukarnaxa mTavrobas moqmedebis gezi da gegma.
sagareo saqmeTa msvlelobam misca dasabami saqarTvelos mTav­
robas da Sinaarsi mis moRvaweobas. da Cven dRes Tamamad SegviZlia
ganvacxadoT, rom es istoriuli daniSnuleba mTavrobam gaamarTla.
msoflio omi dasrulda ise, rom saqarTvelo uvneblad gamovida
msoflio cecxlis rkalebidan, xolo didi revoliucia sruldeba ise,
rom saqarTvelom Tavi daaxwia, rogorc anarqias, ise revoliuciis
monapovarTa dakargvas.
maSasadame Cven gvaqvs dRes sam gvari nayofi:
sagareo myudroeba,
saSinao myudroeba,
revoliuciis yvela monapovari.
arc erTi damfuZnebeli kreba ar Sekrebila aseT xelsayrel sazo­
gadoebriv pirobebSi. yvela iZulebuli iyo es samive nayofi TviT
moepoebia; TviT ebrZola misTvis da ise ganexorcielebina. Cvens dam­
fuZnebel krebas yovelive es mza-mzareuli daxvda. mas darCenia mx­
olod am nayofis ganviTarebis Sesaferi iuridiuli da politikuri
kalapotis Seqmna da mudmivi sagareo myudroebis damkvidreba.
ranairaT moxda es, rogor mivaRwieT am mizans?
mTavroba im azrs adga, rom sagareo simtkices mogvcems mxoloT
Sinauri simtkice. garedan mosul mter-moyvares gaumagrdebiT im­
denaT, ramdenad Cven Sin SevsZlebT erTi didi frontis Seqmnas da
masze Seuryevelad dayrdnobas. am frontis Seqmna SeiZleba mxolod
revoliuciis monapovarTa niadagze xalxis darazmviT demokratiul
droSis gareSemo.
droSa revoliuciis da demokratiis gaxda simbolod Cveni Sin­
auri erTobis, Cveni nacionalur simtkicis da gaWivrebidan Tavis
gadarCenis. ai, es droSa gaxda mTavrobis droSaT, mas vemsaxurebodiT
Cven. Cven ar wamogviyenebia arc erTi iseTi lozungi, ar migviRia arc
erTi iseTi kanoni, Tu gankarguleba, romelic mogvaSorebda eris sa­
sicocxlo elementebs da maT magier Segvmatebda usicocxlo da dro
moWmul wreebs. is, rac istoriam da revoliuciam uaryo _ uarvyaviT
Cvenc; is, rac istoriam da revoliuciam sasicocxloT dastova, mas
CavafrindiT Cvenc da maTgan SevkariT erTi mtkice revoliuciuri

29
da saxelwifoebrivi Zala. pirvelad CvenSi Seiqna mTavroba, romlis
garSemo Semokrba yvela demokratiuli da revoliucionuri orga­
nizaciebi, marTla mTavroba, romelsac uprotestoT emorCileboda
mTeli demokratia, mTeli eri. aseTi mTavroba jer ar Seqmnila ruse­
Tis arc erT kuTxeSi, arc erT erSi _ es iq momavlis saqmea da axla
rogoric unda iyos es mTavroba, vinc unda Sediodes Sig, – es Zala mas
eqneba mxolod erTi pirobiT ki – is ar unda gadascdes demokrati­
is, revoliuciis niadags. am pirobis gareSe verc erTi mTavroba ver
iarsebebs, mis gareSe iqmneba anarqiis da kontr-revoliuciis Savi uf­
skruli, raica Tan Caitans Cvens damoukideblobasac.
ai aseTia is saerTo politikuri kalapoti, romelSiac moZraob­
da, moqmedebda da Tavisi miznisaken midioda mTavroba da masTan er­
Tad misi warmomSobi parlamenti. es ori organo _ erTi kanonmdeblo­
biTi, meore _ marTvelobiTi, xeli-xel Cakidebulni moRvaweobdnen
da erTxelac maT Soris ar Camovardnila egreT wodebuli kabineTis
krizisi.
Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom am saerTo principebs Cven vatarebdiT
cxovrebaSi ara moqadageobiTi saSualebiT, aramed konkretiul
zomebiT, sxva da sxva reformebiT, am zomebTa Soris mTavari adgili
uWiravs Tavdacvis zomebs; e. i. SeiaraRebul Zalebs da diplomatias.
pirveli ganiyofeba orad: – gvardia da mudmivi jari. axalia gvardia,
Zvelia mudmivi jari da ai, am maTi Tvisebidan, warmosdga maTi Rirse­
ba-naklulevaneba. gvardia Seiqna revoliucionur talRebSi saukeTe­
so mowinave elementebisgan da es instituti Cven davakanoneT. bevri
iyo misi mowinaaRmdege, mara misma saqmeebma exla TviT urwmunonic ki
daarwmuna mis aucileblobisa da diad saxelmwifo sargeblianobaSi.
gacilebiT meti yuradReba iyo miqceuli mudmiv jarisaken, mara aq
Cvenma cdam ver gamoiRo saWiro nayofi. amis mTavari mizezia, rasak­
virvelia oTxi wlis omi. yazarma xalxs SesZulda da veWvob, rom ar­
amc Tu CvenSi, evropaSiac SesaZlebeli gaxdes es sakmao mudmivi jaris
yola da misi didxans damagreba. Cven am mxriv gvmarTebs reformis mox­
dena, drosTvis angariSis gaweva. mara erTi ki mainc faqtia: Cveni Sei­
araRebuli Zalis saSualebiT Cven SevirCineT Cveni saSinao da sagareo
myudroeba, jari da gvardia gaWivrebis dros Tavis simaRleze idgnen
da mters mxneT ebrZoden.
rasakvirvelia, amas marto xmliT ver SevsZlebdiT, rom aq diplo­
matiac ar mogvSveleboda da Tu patara respublikebis Zalebs Cveni
ZaliTac gauswordebodiT _ did saxelmwifoebTan damokidebulebis
daWera mxolod diplomatiur gziT SegveZlo da Cvenc savsebiT vis­
argebleT miT. mokavSireebTan megobruli ganwyobileba gvaqvs. deleg­
acia sazavo kongresze gavgzavneT da Cven eWvi ar gvaqvs, imaSi, rom Cven
xalxTa ligaSi SevalT, rogorc srul uflebiani wevri, mezobel res­
publikebTan megobruli damokidebulobiT. somxeTTan diplomatiur
kavSiri aRdgenilia. yvela es moiTxovs xarjebs, erTob did xarjebs

30
da Tu miviRebT saxeSi imas, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xazinas dRi­
dan bolSevikebis gadatrialebisa 1917 w. oqtombridan cali kapeiki
ar miuRia ruseTidan, – advilaT warmoidgenT Cvens finansiur gaWir­
vebas. xolo roca saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamovacxadeT xazina
sruliaT carieli iyo. miuxedavaT amisa, dRemde suli mainc ki mivi­
taneT ise, rom araviTari sagareo vali ar agviRia. marTalia Semosav­
lis wyaro finansiuri TvalsazrisiT veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs,
magram bonebis beWvdis meti sxva gza ar gvqonda. amas mohyva fulis
kursis dacema, e. i. gamocemuli bonebi Cveni deficitia, saSinao sesx­
ia, mara sagareo sesxi yvela am vnebas mogvitanda da imave dros ucxo
Zalis movale gavxdebodiT. amave dros mTavroba Rebulobda yovel
Rones moewyo gadasaxadebis axali sistema, amkrefi aparati, axali da­
moJnebi da sxva da sxva. yvela am zomam saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
pirvel Svid Tves mogvca 69, 044, 000 man. Tu mas rkinis gzis Semosavals
27, 114, 000 m. miumateT, gamova, rom xazinis Semosavali pirvel ianvram­
di yofila sul 96, 188, 000 man., xolo gasavali ki iyo 342, 244, 000 man.,
deficitia 246, 086, 000 raica daifara bonebis gamoSvebiT, imave xnis
ganmavlobaSi Cveni sagareo vaWroba udris: SemovitaneT ucxoeTidan
140, 929, 260 man. xolo gavitaneT 87, 494, 105 man. maSasadame jami Cve­
ni sagareo aReb-micemobisa gasuli wlis ukanasknel eqvs Tves udrida
228, 343, 336 m. Semozidva aRemateba gazidvas 53, 435, 095 m. raica aix­
sna imiT, rom Cven vsaWiroebT ucxo purs da Saqars. mTavari vaWroba
gvqonebia ukrainasTan – udris 110 mil. man. Semdeg modis ruseTi _ 50
mil.man., osmaleTi _ 32 mil., aderbeijani _ 6 mil., somxeTi _ milioni,
da danarCenebi 56 mil.
mrewvelobis xriT TiTqmis arafeli axali ar gakeTebula am xnis
ganmavlobaSi, Tu saxeSi ar miviRebT tyibulis qvanaxSiris damuSave­
bas rkinis gzebis saWiroebisaTvis. aq, rogorc xedavT vaWroba-mrewv­
eloba da gadasaxadTa sistema jer kidev ar dgas im doneze, rom saxel­
mwifos deficiti am saSualebidan dagvefara. marTalia gvaqvs erTi
didi dargi, romelzedac Cven did imedebs vamyarebT, mara jer-jero­
biT ki es saqmec ver iZleva saWiro Semosavals. me mogaxsenebT saxel­
mwifo qonebaze agraruli reformis wyalobiT saxelmwifos xelSia
dRes dagrovili or milion desiatinamde tye, naxevar milionamde
saxnavi miwebi, rvaas aTasamde saZovari, kurortebi Tavis sasaxlee­
biT, madneul wyliT, madnebi da sxva. magram yvela es, rogorc axal
SemoRebuli saWiroebs Sesafer mowyobas, dayenebas, Sesafer sameur­
neo da saeqploatacio aparatebis Seqmnas, raica did xarjebs iTxovs.
uwyebis varaudiT wels es qoneba mogvcems 90 mil., man., xolo daixar­
jeba 71 mil. maneTamdis. aq rasakvirvelia CaTvlili ar aris saxnavi
miwebis gadacema glexebze kerZo sakuTrebaT, Tanaxmad parlamentis
dadgenilebisa, saidanac moveliT ara nakleb oras milion maneTs, ra­
ica, rasakvirvelia Cvens finansebs gaaumjobesebs droebiT. mara ver
mospobs deficits. rogorc xedavT mTavari ZarRvi Cveni saxelmwifo

31
moTxovnilebisa, garda Tavdacvisa gareSe da Sinaur mterTagan, aris
finansiur mdgomareobaSi, ris gamokeTeba sabolooT dagvayenebs mt­
kice, Seuryevel safuZvelze.
CveulebrivaT saxelmwifo gasavali ifareba umTavresad ga­
dasaxadebiT; saxelmwifos aSenebis procesSi gadasaxadis akrefa
Zneldeba, vinaidan administratiuli aparatebi darRveulia, qone­
brivi mdgomareoba areuli da gamourkvevelia, ara Tu akrefa, gasaW­
iria imis Tqma, Tu vis unda daadva gadasaxadi vis xelSia dRes dagro­
vili gadasaxadis sagani – qoneba. dRes, am spekuliaciis xanaSi Znelia
qonebis kadastris Sedgena, vinaidan dRevandeli Raribi xval uceb
mdidrdeba da dRevandeli mdidari xval uceb Raribdeba.
Cvens finansiur mdgomareobas amZimebs rkinis gza, romelic iZle­
va did deficits. es aixsneba TviT am gzis muSaobiT. es gzebi iZule­
buli iyvnen Tavisive saSualebiT gadaeyvana jer ruseTis eSelonebi,
mere germaneli da osmalos jarebi, Semdeg kidev _ osmaloebi da bo­
los ingliselebi. ase Tavs daatyda metad didi tvirTi da yovelive
es unda ezida arsebuli texnikuri saSualebiT. amiT, rasakvirvelia,
es saSualebani gacvda, gadna, gamocvla ar SeiZleba da mxolod mis Se­
keTebiT vcxovrobT. garda amisa, saTbobi masalis Tavis droze uqon­
loba, vaWroba mrewvelobis sisuste, saqonlis gadazidva gadmozid­
vis nakleboba, saukeTeso muSebis da mosamsaxureTa xSiraT gvardiaSi
frontze gamgzavreba, muSaobas Camocileba – ai yvela es qmnis rkinis
gzaTa deficits, misi Semosavlis naklebobas.
rogorc xedavT, Cveni finansiuri mdgomareoba mWidroT Sekav­
Sirebulia msoflio omis SedegebTan: cxovreba normalur kalapotSi
Cadgeba – finansebic, rasakvirvelia, sxva saxes miiReben da Cven udef­
icitoT SegveZleba vicxovroT, Tu ki, rasakvirvelia, Sesaferi saSin­
ao politikuri urTierToba SevqeniT.
am mxriT mTavroba da parlamenti gamudmebuli muSaobda. erobaTa
SemoReba, administraciis mowyoba, momrigebel mosamarTleTa insti­
tutis Seqmna, samarTlis da swavlis gaerovnebiT xalxTan daaxloveba
da sxv. da sxv.
me minda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba mTavrobis moqmedebas Sromis
sferoSi. miuxedavaT didi siZvirisa da gaWirvebisa Cven Tavidan
avicileT gaficvebi. erTaT-erTi didi gaficva moxda tyibulis
maRaroebSi, mara aq iseTi axirebuli da SeuZlebeli moTxovnilebani
iqna wamoyenebuli, rom is mTavrobasTan erTaT dagmo mTelma Sekav­
Sirebulma muSaTa klasma da ase movaxdineT misi likvidacia umt­
kivneuloT. es aixsneba imiT, rom muSaTa klasi sruli ndobiT epyroba
mTavrobas da is darwmunebulia Sromis interesi davicavT sawar­
movo ZalTa ganviTarebis farglebSi. Cvenma Sromis saministrom ara
erTi da ori gamzadebuli gaficva Tavis CareviT Caaqro, raica amt­
kicebs imasac, rom patronebic ndobiT epyrobian am uwyebas, magram,
mouxedavaT yvela amisa, muSis xelfasis sakiTxi sdgas mTeli Tavisi

32
simwvaviT. qiris momateba ar sWris am kiTxvas, vinaidan cxovrebis gaZ­
vireba kidev ufro matulobs da ase muSa mainc gaWirvebaSi vardeba.
am kiTxvis mowesrigeba SeuZlebelia, sanamdis Cveni ekonomiuri da
finansiuri mdgomareoba ar gamokeTdeba da saxalxo meurneoba nor­
malur kalapotSi ar Casdgeba. erTi mTavari cementi am gamokeTebisa
aris Sromis nayofis gamravleba, Sromis ganTavisufleba. rac meti
Rirebuleba iqneba Seqmnili, miT ufro meti simdidre grovdeba, miT
ufro met Rirebulebas movizidavT garedan da ase avswevT Cvens va­
liutas da fulis kurss. Sromis nayofierebis dacema erTi mizezia
dRevandeli ekonomiuraT dasustebis da maSasadame Sromis pirobebis
gauaresebisac. sawarmovo ZalTa ganviTarebaSi dRes erTnairaT dain­
teresebulia saxelmwifo, muSa, glexi da mrewveli.
ai aseTia saerToT Cveni respublikis dRevandeli mdgomareoba;
me ar mogaxsenebT imaze, Tu ra unda gakeTdes dReidan, es Tqveni da
Tqven mier Seqmnili mTavrobis saqmea; me gagacaniT mxolod arsebu­
li mdgomareoba da vambobT, rom rac SegveZlo – vimuSaveT, ruseTis
sxva saxelmwifoebTan da erebTan SedarebiT Cveni saxelmwifos gemi
mSvidaT moviyvaneT Tqvenamdis, Tqvenis namdvil baton-patronam­
dis. ai CaibareT es gemi, miiReT saxelmwifos sadave da gaakeTeT is,
rac Cven ver gavakeTeT, rac davakeliT an, rac gamogvrCa. jer kidev
Sorsa varT imisagan, rac unda iyos, jer ar ganxorcielebula Cveni
politikuri gegma; damfuZnebeli kreba sworeT am gegmis gansaxor­
cieleblaTaa mowodebuli da is ar daiSleba mis ganxorcielebamdis.
parlamentis mTavroba midis da adgils uTmobs damfuZnebel kre­
bis mTavrobas.

s. d. fraqciis rezoliucia.

Tavmjdomare. Tqven moismineT gancxadeba mTavrobisa. rogor


inebebT exla, surs Tu ara vismes sityva am gancxadebis Sesaxeb? (ar­
seniZe: miviRoT ukamaToT!) vin aris winaaRmdegi aseT winadadebisa?
(gvazava: romeli winadadebisa?) krebis wevri arseniZe winadadebas
iZleva, rom, gancxadeba, romelic movismine mTavrobisagan, _ ukam­
aToT miviRoT. aq Semotanilia rezoliucia... (kiTxulobs... „Sewyn­
arebul iqnes gancxadeba mTavrobisa. gadadgomis Sesaxeb da daekaos
imave mTavrobas ganagrZos respublikis saqmeTa marTva axali mTavro­
bis Sedgenamde“.
aris Tu ara sxva raime winadadeba? me kenWs uyri. surs Tu ara
krebas social-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba miiRos? (kenWis
yra). erT-xmad aris miRebuli:
exla meore sakiTxad gaxlavT axali mTavrobis Sedgenis sakiTxi.
amis Sesaxeb surs Tu ara vinmes sityva? erTi gancxadeba maqvs aq. sit­
yva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

33
axali mTavrobis Sedgenis sakiTxi.

raJden arseniZe. (s. d) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! es unda iyos


pirveli aqti damfuZnebel krebis namdvil praqtikul muSaobisa. es
pirveli aqti iqneba Sedgena axali mTavrobisa. saerTod, umTavre­
si, is, rac esaWiroeba dRes Cven saxelmwifos, es aris mmarTvelobis
aparatis gaRoniereba, ganmtkiceba da gamagreba. saerTod cnobilia,
rom revoluciur ngreva, Senebis xanaSi yvelaze susti mmarTvelobis
aparati gaxlavT. kanonmdebloba revoliuciis dros SeiZleba ufro
metis energiiTac moqmedebdes, magram aRmasrulebeli Zala yovelT­
vis sustobs. TviT revoliuciis ryeva, qanaoba amis aucilebeli sa­
fuZveli da niadagia. cxadia, aseT pirobebSi erTi dadgenilebiT ver
SehqmniT iseT mtkice, mWidro, magar da Zlier aparats, rogoric saW­
iro aris. magram Cven pirvel aktSi mainc unda gamoixatebodes Cveni
miswrafeba da ltolvileba aseT aparatis Seqmnisa. Cven mTavrobis
saTaveSi iseTi organizacia unda SevqmnaT, iseTi pirebi unda Cavay­
enoT, romelTac SeuZliaT am did saqmes gauZRven, romelTac endoba
TviT damfuZnebeli kreba, da romelnic saTanadod gauweven angariSs
damfuZnebel krebis neba survils, mis momaval muSaobas. es TiTqmis
SeiZleba udao WeSmaritebad CavTvalod, magram mTavari aq is aris,
Tu rogori unda iyos organizacia mTavrobisa. magram es didi kon­
stitucionuri sakiTxi gaxlavT, da dRes Cven am kiTxvis gadaWras ar
SevudgebiT. me mgonia udidesi sagania Cven damfuZnebel krebisa, da
es albad did dros, bevr davas da bevr kamaTs gamoiwvevs; amas did
dros movandomebT, uamisod ar SeiZleba. magram Cven dRes dReobiT
dauyonebliv mainc gvinda mTavroba. marTalia Cven jer ar gvaqvs
konstitucia magram SegviZlia gvqondes erTgvari konstitucionu­
ri praqtika. warsuls Tu gadavxedavT Cven davinaxavT, rom gvaqvs
erTgvari precendenti. es precendenti imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mTav­
roba sdgeba prezidiumis Tavmjdomaris mowveviT, es erTi mxriv. meo­
re praqtika aris Semdegi: sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba irCevda erT
pirs da es piri adgenda mTavrobas. damfuZnebel krebis praqtikaSi,
saerTo istoriaSi aris magaliTebi, rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba an
TviTon irCevda mTel Semadgenlobas mTavrobisas, an andobda erTs
pirs mTavrobis Sedgenas. sxva iyo iq, sadac mefoba ar gauqmebula
misi saSualebiT adgendnen aRmasrulebel organos. Cven SegviZlian
rasakvirvelia, mxedvelobaSi miviRoT istoriuli magaliTebi, ma­
gram adgilobriv praqtikasac unda gauwioT angariSi. es praqtika ki
gveubneba erTs rames. Cveni damfuZnebel krebis winamorbedi gaxldaT
erovnuli sabWo, Semdeg parlamenti, da mis praqtika am SemTxvevaSi,
erTgvari cda iyo mTavrobis Sedgenisa da misi muSaobisa. ar praqti­
kam jer-jerobiT uaryofiTi Sedegebi ar moitana. yovel SemTxvevaSi
Cven viciT dRevandel gancxadebidan, rom mTavrobis da sakanonmde­
blo dawesebulebis Soris konfliqti ar momxdara, e.i. ar momxda­

34
ra saministros krizisi. es erTi damamtkicebeli sabuTia imis, rom
SeTanxmebuli muSaoba kanonmdebel dawesebulebisa da mTavrobisa,
arsebobda im organizaciis saSualebiT, romelic Cven gvqonda par­
lamentis dros; am praqtikis mixedviT, unda davadgeT Semdeg gzas:
damfuZnebeli kreba airCevs erTs da mas miendoba Sedgena kabineti­
sa, romelic warmosdgeba Cvens winaSe Tavis deklaraciis da Tavis
Semadgenlobis dasamtkiceblad. aseT praqtikas hqonda Tavis sabuTi,
aqvs exlac: es gaxlavT is, rom Cven gvyvavs aRmasrulebeli aparati,
romelsac airCevT, SeuZlia iyos SeTanxmebuli erTi meoresTan, ese
vsTqvaT Sezavebuli, rom maTi muSaoba iyos mTliani, da ar iyos da­
fantuli, dabneuli. yvelani rom Cven avirCioT, SeiZleba es ufro
savsebiT gamoxatavdes damfuZnebel krebis nebisyofas, magram es
aparati ver iqneba yvelaze swrafi da swori gamtarebeli damfuZneb­
el krebis survilisa. aRsrulebisTvis saWiroa mTlianoba nebisa da
survilisa, es ki gveqneba mxolod maSin, rodesac kabineti Sesdgeba
erTi arCeul pirisagan da danarCeni ki mowveulni iqnebian. maSin isi­
ni Seadgenen ueWvelad erTgvar Tanamoazreebs maT Soris iqneba erT­
gvari winaswari SeTanxmeba pirovnebisas, ideebis, praqtikis; erTi
sityviT, aseTi kolegia mogvcems iseT aRmasrulebel aparats, ro­
melsac marTla SeuZlia moqnilic iyos da swrafi muSaoba SeiZlos,
da amnairad Sedgenili aparati umjobesad gauZRveba im muSaobas,
romelzedac me migiTiTebT.
am rigad pirveli debuleba, romelic me minda wamovayeno Tqven
winaSe, es iqneba is, rom damfuZnebelma krebam aarCios erTi piri, ro­
melic ueWvelia, iqneba mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, da Seadgens mTel
kabinets.
me minda amasTanave meore garemoebasac gavusva xazi.
Cven respublikaSi dRemdis ar yofila mTeli respublikis sxva
warmomadgeneli, garda mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisa. Cven ar gvyolia
arc prezidenti, arc dagviyenebia wineT es sakiTxi, da me ar vambob,
rom dResac ueWvelia, ar SeiZleba sabolood gadiWras es sakiTxi.
es didi konstitucionuri sakiTxi gaxlavT, magram Tu damfuZnebeli
kreba aris warmomadgeneli mTeli erisa, mas unda hyavdes aseTive war­
momadgeneli mTeli respublikisa; misgan arCeuli piri, cxadia, unda
iyos pirovnuli gamomxatveli im suverenuli uflebebisa, romelic
ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebas, da visac vandobT ueWvelad am ufle­
bas. is iqneba, Tu ginda, prezidenti, Tavmjdomare respublikisa. misi
uflebis sakiTxi sadaoa, magram erTi ram udavo unda iyos yvelasT­
vis, rom es iqneba warmomadgeneli respublikisa, da iqneba umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli, da maSasadame is iqneba gansaxierebuli warmomad­
genloba am respublikisa Tavis pirovnobaSi. es erTgvari funqciaa
prezidentisa, magram esaa prezidenti, romelic aris imave dros kabi­
netis wevri, wevri mTavrobis, da maSasadame iseTive pasuxismgebeli
damfuZnebel krebis winaSe, rogorc yvela sxva wevri kabinetisa. ai

35
Tu Cven miviRebT am or ZiriTad mTavar debulebas, maSin Cveni praqti­
ka gamoixateba SemdegSi: Cven dRes SegviZlian davasaxelod, avirCioT
erTi piri da mivandoT mas Sedgena solidarul da pasuxis mgebeli
kabinetisa, romelic warmosdgeba Cvens winaSe Tavis deklaraciiT,
aseTi gaxlavT Cveni winadadeba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs nu­
cubiZes.
Salva nucubiZe (s. f.) social-federalistebis fraqciis saxeliT
unda ganvacxado, rom mTavrobis Semadgenlobis sakiTxSi, radganac
ase ismeva sakiTxi, fraqcia kenWis yraSi monawileobas ar miiRebs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravin aris. aq aris werilobiTi winadadeba Semotani­
li social-demokratiul fraqciis mier. sxva winadadeba Semotanili
ar aris. winadadeba Semdegi gaxlavs... „respublikis mTavrobis Sesad­
genaT damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs erT pirs, romelic iqneba mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare;
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare amave dros aris umaRlesi warmomadgene­
li respublikisa“
rogor moisurvebT, _ erTad uyaro kenWi, Tu ganawildes?
g. gvazava. winadadebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba?
Tavmjdomare. mobrZandiT.
giorgi gvazava. (n. d.) am winadadebaSi meore nawili, me mgoni dRes
ar unda iyos dasmuli.
meore nawilSi laparakia gansakuTrebiT iseT sakiTxzed, romel­
sac SeuZlian didi dava gamoiwvios, radganac es aris sakiTxi konsti­
tucionuri, sakonstitucio sakiTxi, sakiTxi saxelmwifos warmomad­
genlobis.
am sakiTxs exla ver davsvamT. Cven veTanxmebiT social-demokra­
tiul fraqciis pirvel winadadebas im mxriv, rom arCeuli unda iyos
Tavmjdomare mTavrobisa, amiT gadavwyvitoT es sakiTxi dRes, da nu
davsvamT meore sakiTxs, romelic aris ufro Rrma, ufro rTuli,
ufro sadavo da gansakuTrebiT sakonstitucio. amitom winadadeba
Semomaqvs, es meore nawili winadadebisa moxsnili iyos da miviRoT mx­
olod pirveli nawili.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekvuTvnis krebis wevrs go­
beCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis
saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven ar viqnebiT winaaRmdegi social-demokra­
tiuli fraqciis winadadebis pirveli nawilis dResve ganxilvisa.
Cven SesaZleblaT migvaCnia, rom dResve iqnes dasaxelebuli is piri,
romelic kabinets Seadgens, magram Cven winaaRmdeg viqnebiT, rom is
piri, romelsac unda miendos mTavrobis Sedgena, dResve aRiarebul
iqnes respublikis umaRles warmomadgenlaT, ese igi prezidentaT. re­
spublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobis sakiTxi _ metaT seriozuli

36
sakiTxia, igi erTi ZiriTad sakonstitucio sakiTxTagania da amitom
moiTxovs seriozul ganxilvas. es ki SesaZlebelia sakonstitucio
komisiaSi, sadac sakiTxi yovelmxriv unda iqnes garkveuli da mxolod
Semdeg SeiZleba dasmul iqnes damfuZnebel krebis sxdomaze. respub­
likaSi prezidentis Tanamdebobis daarsebis sakiTxi _ metad-sadavo
sakiTxia, is aucileblaT gamoiwvevs did kamaTs, rac dRes SeuZlebe­
lia, radganac es sakiTxi jer ar ganuxilavs sakonstitucio komisias,
amitom Cveni fraqcia moiTxovs, rom meore nawili social-demokrati­
ul fraqciis winadadebisa sruliad moixsnas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevr. sayvareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe (s. d.) batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
baton gvazavam ganacxada, rom kiTxva respublikis warmomadgenlobi­
sa aris uaRresi konstitucionuri kiTxvao. me vambob; es marTalia,
magram TiTon kiTxva premieris daniSvnisa, TiTon mTavrobis organi­
zaciis, misi struqturis kiTxva, _ igive konstitucionuri sakiTxi ar
aris? maSasadame Tavis Tavad es argumenti araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
aris sabuTi, rom movxsnaT meore nawili. meore mxriv, Cven ar gvesmis
SeniSvna damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa b. gobeCiasi TiTqos es warmo­
madgenloba, raRac sxva ram iyos. gana premieri im saxelmwifoSi, sa­
dac prezidenti, gansakuTrebuli piri ar aris warmomadgenlad, ar
warmoadgens am saxelmwifos? gana amden-xans Cveni pirveli premieri,
piradad batoni noe Jordania warmomadgeneli ar iyo mTeli Cveni re­
spublikisa? gana igi ar iyo aRWurvili im uflebebiT, romliTac mas
SeeZlo respublikis mTavrobis saxeliT elaparakna yvela saxelmwifo
warmomadgenlebTan, Sinaur da sagareo cxovrebaSi, sagareo saer­
TaSoriso urTierTobaSi? maSasadame es kiTxva Tavis Tavad aSkaraa,
rom warmomadgeneli am Cven respublikaSi premieri, premier-minis­
tri, amave dros aris warmomadgeneli saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi
da Sinaur wyobilebaSi, mTeli respublikis. es Tavis Tavad cxadia.
Cven batonebo, vityodiT, ra Tqma unda sityvas, „prezidenti“, Segve­
Zlo, Tavis Tavad cxadia, gveTqva is, rac aq iyo naTqvami, rom Cveni
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare aris amave dros warmomadgeneli, umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli mTeli Cveni respublikisa. Cven SegveZlo gveTqva
„prezidenti“ pirdapir magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom amas marTla See­
Zlo didi dava gamoewvia TiTon prezidentis uflebaze. aris sxva da
sxva prezidenti misi sxva da sxva uflebebi, ai amitom Cven, am Jamad
amas vtovebT. konstitucionuri komisia iqneba arCeuli ueWvlad da
is cxadia imas uaRres yuradRebas miaqcevs. dRes raki es sadavoa da
amaved dros saWiroa rom Cvens prezidents, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares
hqondes aSkaraT gamoTqmuli uflebebi, aSkarad unda vTqvaT, rom
mas aqvs ufleba respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobisa es didaT
saWiroa, rogorc Sinaur cxovrebis, saerToSoriso urTierTobis
ganmtkicebisaTvis. saWiroa rom is piri, romelic aris mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare, premieri iyos Cveni respublikis umaRlesi warmomad­

37
geneli. Cvens respublikaSi araviTari sxva umaRlesi Zala ar iqneba
garda damfuZnebel krebis, da mTavrobisa unda iyos aRniSnuli, rom
is aris imave dros umaRlesi warmomadgeneli Cveni respublikisa. aq
sadao araferia, faqtiurad es ase iyo politikur praqtikaSi da asec
iqneba. magram aucileblad saWiroa, rom iyos miRebuli damfuZnebeli
krebis mier _ rogorc gamoxatuloba Cveni survilisa, rom Cven gvy­
vavs premier-ministri, romelic adgens mTavrobas, da is, imave dros,
aris warmomadgeneli, ara ubralo warmomadgeneli, aramed umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli Cveni republikisa. es aris aucilebeli da Cveni fraq­
cia amas aRiarebs aucileblad, rom miiRos damfuZnebelma krebam.
konstitucionuri sakiTxi, rogorc es, ise sxva sakiTxebi, rogorc
konsitucionuri ZiriTadi uflebelis sakiTxi, SemuSavebuli iqneba
SemdegSi. exla ki Cven ai am formulas mxars uWerT da winadadebas va­
ZlevT mTel krebas, rom miRebuli iqmnas erTxmaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili. (soc. fed.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! so­
cial-federalistTa fraqciis saxeliT mec moviTxov, rom meore naw­
ili im winadadebisa, romelic Semotanili iyo social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier, nu iqneba ganxiluli. marTalia damfuZnebel krebis
wevri sayvareliZe amtkicebs, rom aq axali araferia, rom uwinac,
rodesac vadgendiT mTavrobas, Tavmjdomare uaRresi da uzenaesi
warmomadgeneli iyoo. magram uwin, rodesac mTavrobas vadgendiT,
amisTana specialuri dadgenileba ar dagvWirebia. dRes, amas Tqven
xazs usvamT imitom, rom amiT gindaT SehqmnaT faqtiurad preceden­
ti da rodesac dadgeba konstituciis sakiTxi, Tqven mza-mzareuli
faqti geqnebaT cxovrebaSi gatarebuli. amave dros Tqven winaswar
swyvetavT kiTxvas, saWiroa Tu ara demokratiul respublikisTvis
prezidenti da Tu saWiroa ra ufleba unda hqondes. Tqveni mosazre­
ba, rom am uflebebze mere vilaparakebTo, marTali ar aris, imitom
rom SeiZleba gamoCndes, mimarTuleba, romelic TviT faqts preziden­
tis arsebobisas uaryofs. amitom Semomaqvs winadadeba, rom es meore
sakiTxi gamovacalkeoT, radganac kiTxva respublikis uzenaes warmo­
madgenelisa, Zalian seriozuli da marTla ZiriTadi konstitucio­
nuri sakiTxia, da ase advilad faqtiurad precedentis SeqmniT nu ga­
davwyvetT am sakiTxs.
Tavmjdomare. b. arseniZe.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno. me mitom, gam­
ovedi xelmeored tribunaze, rom Zalian gamikvirda kamaTi, romelic
aRiZra am Cemis azriT, udao, sakiTxis garSemo. marTalia, saxelmwi­
fos warmomadgeneli aris damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc erTi koleq­
tiuri mTeli, magram Tu ggoniaT Tqven, rom imas SeuZlian, rogorc
mTels, gaxdes aRmasrulebeli Zala warmomadgeneli mTeli respub­
likisa, unda mogaxsenoT, es iqneboda metad uxerxuli warmomadgen­
loba. orSi erTi, an saxelmwifos unda yavdes Tavisi warmomadgene­

38
li, iseTi piri, visTanac SeiZleba kaci mivides, vis Sesaxeb SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom faqtiurad is aris respublikis warmomadgeneli; Cven
SegviZlia mivandoT es warmomadgenloba an mTavrobas mTlianad,
an erT pirs. sxva gza ar aris. an unda avirCioT gansakuTrebuli
prezidenti, an unda mivandoT prezidentoba mTels kolegias; sxva
saxe, sxva forma warmomadgenlobisa istorias jer ar gamoumuSave­
bia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu daviwyebT SemuSavebas, amas swrafad da
male ver movaswrebT. es erTi. meore, mogaxseneT ukve, rom dRes kon­
stitucias ar vwerT. Cven gvinda praqtika miviRoT da is praqtika,
romelic dRemdis iyo, da romelmac dRemdis Tavis Tavad uvargisoba
ar gamoiCina, unda savargisad CaiTvalos, imitom rom aseT sistemis
dros arc erTi saministros krizisi ar yofila. es gaxlavT erTi
debuleba. meore mTavari debuleba gaxlavT is, romelzedac wina
sityvaSic mogaxseneT. aq unda iTqvas, rom faqtiurad Tavmjdomare
mTavrobisa iyo warmomadgeneli respublikisa, maSasadame es ufleba
faqtiurad TviT cxovrebiT, hqonda mas miniWebuli, parlamentisgan
ki ar iyo dadasturebuli. me ar minda, rom dRes vismes hqondes ufle­
ba, romelic ar aris dadasturebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier. Cven
gvgonia, rom uzenaesi uflebebis matarebeli aris damfuZnebeli
kreba, yovel mTavrobis wevrs aqvs mxolod is ufleba, romelic dam­
fuZnebel krebis mier mieniWeba, da ara aqvs araviTari ufleba, ro­
melsac damfuZnebeli kreba mas ar mianWebs, me mgonia isic, rom suv­
erenoba xalxisa gamoixata damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebSi, da yoveli
ufleba, yoveli aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo samosamarTleo da
sxva, ekuTvnis dRes damfuZnebel krebas, da misgan unda gamomdinare­
obdes; yovel aRmasrulebel Zalas SeuZlia miiRos ufleba mxolod
damfuZnebel krebisagan. Tu is iTvisebs uflebas amis gareSe, is iqne­
ba sakanonmdeblo uflebis uzurpacia da ar iqneba gamoxatva xalxis
nebisa, es iqneba, Tu gnebavT, brZola Sejax-Semojexeba.
da maSin miviRebT, rom damfuZnebel krebis gareSe faqtiurad
myardeba iseTi ufleba, romelic ar icis damfuZnebelma krebam me ar
minda, rom Seiqnas aseTi mdgomareoba, Tundac erTi saaTic da amitom
suverenobis gamomxatvels, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, Cven ueWvelad
unda mivceT is minimumi uflebisa, romelic faqtiurad eqneba mas, da
Tu Cven ar mivcemT im uflebas, romelic faqtiurad eqneba mas, es sa­
sargeblo da gamosadegi ar iqneba Cven muSaobis nayofierebisaTvis.
Tqven gindaT, rom Cven prezidentis uflebaze vidaoT _ Zalian kargi;
vidavoT mxolod amazed Semdeg, rodesac konsitucionur muSaobas
SevudgebiT, magram warmomadgenlobas xom ver gaeqceviT, unda hyavdes
xom respublikas Tavis warmomadgenloba da amitom axla Cven vambobT,
warmomadgenloba mieces im mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, romelsac Cven
avirCevT. danarCeni kabineti ar iqneba arCeuli, is, visac Cven exla
avirCevT, mas eqneba es ufleba. rodesac vetyviT, rom es ufleba aRar
gaqvT-Tqo, cxadia, mas es ufleba aRar eqneba. es aris damfuZnebel kre­

39
bis xelSi, es gamomdinareobs misgan. me minda es gatardes dRes, da ar
gadaidos sxva drosTvis. dava aq sruliad zedmetia. visac preziden­
ti unda, an visac prezidenti ar unda, warmomadgenloba orives das­
Wirdeba. visac unda rom mTavroba iyos, warmomadgenlobis matarebe­
li, es sul sxva kiTxvaa.
da me vambob, es warmomadgenloba iseTi aucilebeli sagania, ro­
melsac Cven gverds ver auxvevT erTi saaTiTac ki. amitom es ufleba
unda iqmnes dResve damtkicebuli, dResve miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. surs kidev vismes sityva aiRos, Tu ara? msurveli
aravin aris. maSasadame, gamoirkva Semdegi. erTi sakiTxi, me mgonia,
udavo aris _ is, rom winadadebas nawil-nawilad uyaro kenWi. es davas
ar iwvevs. amitom neba miboZeT kenWi uyaro pirvel nawils, erTxel
kidev mogagonebT. (kiTxulobs)... „saqarTvelos respublikis mTavro­
bis Sesadgenad damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs erT pirs, romelic iqneba
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare.“
vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? erTxmad
aris miRebuli. meore nawilis Sesaxeb ori winadadeba aris. erTi _
rom sakiTxi dResve gadiWras. meore _ dRes nu gadiWreba es sakiTxi.
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre, rom dRes gadavWraT es sakiTxi? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? umravlesoba momxrea. maSasadame, es sakiTxi dRes gad­
iWreba, formula aseTi aris. (kiTxulobs). „mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
aris imave dros umaRlesi warmomadgeneli respublikisa.“ sxva raime
winadadeba aris, Tu ara?
gvazava. Sesworeba SeiZleba?
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba? maS mobrZandiT.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) me winadadeba Semomaqvs am formulaSi
sityva umaRlesi mainc amoiSalos. darCes (sicili) warmomadgeneli
respublikisa. ukacravad, aq sasacilo araferi ar aris. (Tavmjdom­
aris zari) aq damfuZnebeli krebaa da vlaparakob imas, rac saWiroa.
da rac Cem valdebulobas warmoadgens. umaRlesi saWiro ar aris,
vinaidgan umaRlesi warmomadgeneli da umaRlesi Zala exla mainc, am
momentSi aris damfuZnebeli kreba. Cven gvinda erTi kaci. es texnikur
saWiroebas Seadgens. radganac Cven varT 130-kaci, da Cven ar Segvi­
Zlian warmomadgenloba gavwioT, amitom Cven gvinda erTi warmomad­
geneli, es SeiZleba. amitom sityva umaRlesi warmomadgeneli CvenTvis
misaRebi ar aris. me Semomaqvs Sesworeba, rom umaRlesi amoiSalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevr pavle say­
vareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe (s. d.) batonebo! batoni gvazava winadadebas
iZleva, rom amoiSalos sityva umaRlesi da davtovoT marto war­
momadgeneli. es uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs, vinaidgan saxelmwifos,
respublikas, mravali warmomadgeneli hyavs, magram Cven gvinda gam­
ovxatoT amiT erTi saxelmwifos meTauri, respublikis Tavi, „glava
gasudarstva“-s rom uZaxian. ar aris arc erTi respublika, arc erTi

40
monarqia, arc konstitucionuri arc parlamentaruli, romelsac
ar hyavdes meTauri, „glava gosudarstva“, rusulad rom vsTqvaT. ai
aseTi umaRlesi warmomadgeneli aucileblaT saWiro aris CvenTvis.
Tqven ambobT, rom umaRlesi warmomadgeneli saqarTvelosi damfuZne­
beli kreba ariso. es marTali gaxlavT, magram damfuZnebel krebidan
gamodis is Zala, romelsac Cven vaniWebT Cvens warmomadgenlobas,
Cven umaRles warmomadgenlobas, romelic apirovnebs, rogorc aR­
masrulebeli Zalis meTauri, umaRles warmomadgenlobas, apirovnebs
Cven suverenobas da amve dros pasuxis mgebelia damf. kreb. winaSe.
aq araviTari winaaRmdegoba ar aris, da me makvirvebs rom amisTana
marTla aSkara udavo sakiTxi, rom umaRlesi warmomadgeneli unda
hyavdes saxelmwifos, da unda hyavdes, sworeT aRmasrulebeli Za­
lis saxiT, iwvevs kamaTs. vinaidan arsad ar aris iseTi praqtika, is­
eTi weswyobileba, sadac umaRlesi warmomadgeneli, (глава государства)
iyos damfuZnebeli kreba, parlamenti an da mTeli mTavroba, rogorc
brZanebs federalistTa fraqciis warmomadgeneli, es SeuZlebelia,
es arsad ar gaxlavs.
ai aiReT uaRresi demokratiuli Sveicaria an amerikis SeerTebul
Statebi da amerikis sxva respublikebi, romelTac bolos da bolos
vgevarT (xma: umaRlesi) diax umaRlesi, amitom vlaparakob umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli unda iyos is piri, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba
miandobs premierobas da imave dros warmomadgenlobas Cven suv­
erenul uflebisa, rogorc saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi, ise Sinaur
wyobilebaSi. Cven mxars uWerT, usaTuod unda darCes umaRlesi, uami­
sod azri ikargeba. es umaRlesi aucileblad saWiroa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs kidev sityva? vin aris im Sesworebis mom­
xre romelic Semoitana krebis wevrma gvazavam, rom sityva umaRlesi
amoiSalos. vin aris am Sesworebis momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
didi umetesoba winaaRmdegi aris. sxva raime Sesworeba ar aris. vin
aris momxre am rezoliuciis meore nawilisa? miRebulia. exla kenWs
uyri mTel rezoliucias. vin ari momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? es
rezoliucia miRebulia. aq rezoliuciaa erT pirze. rodis ganixi­
lavT am sakiTxs? rodis gindaT airCioT mTavrobis Tavmjdomare? si­
tyva ekuTvnis parlamentis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) me mgoni aseTi sakiTxis gadadeba saWiro ar
aris, radganac erTi mTavroba gadadga da es Cven miviReT. meore mTav­
robis Casaxva exla unda moxdes. dResve aucileblad unda Caisaxos
es mTavari Zala, romelic warmosdgeba da Seadgens mTavrobas. Tu es
miRebuli iqneba maSin davasaxelebT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. gTxovT daasaxeloT.
r. arseniZe. social-demokratiul fraqciis mier mTavrobis Tavmj­
domareT dasaxelebulia noe nikolozis Ze Jordania. (mxurvale taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sxva winadadeba da kandidatura xom ar aris? ma­
Sasadame winadadeba aris, rom axali mTavrobis Sedgena miendos dam­

41
fuZnebel krebis wevrs noe nikolozis Ze Jordanias. vin aris momxre
am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi. vin Seikava Tavi. es winadadeba
erT xmad aris miRebuli. (mxurvale taSi. n. Jordanias fexze adgomiT
miesalmebian).
Salva nucubiZe. (soc. fed.) Tavmjdomarem ver SegvamCnia ueWve­
lad, amitom ganacxada, rom erT xmad iqmna arCeuli mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomareo, vinaidan Cvenma fraqciam Tavidanve ganacxada, rom ar
miiRebs monawileobas kenWis yraSi, Tavis Tavad cxadia, mas xma arc
winaaRmdeg da arc momxreT ar miucia.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) Zveli mTavroba ukve gadadga, amitom axali
unda iqnes arCeuli. Tu am axali mTavrobis Sedgena evaleba erT pirs,
Cven principialuraT ara varT winaaRmdegi mTavrobis Sedgenis aseTi
sistemis, magram Cven winaaRmdegi varT, rom mTavrobis Semadgeneli
piri aRiarebul iqnas respublikis umaRles warmomadgenlaT, radga­
nac aseTi dadgenileba, Cvenis azriT, winaswar swyvets metaT sadao
sakiTxs _ eyoleba saqarTvelos prezidenti Tu ara.
Cveni dRevandeli dadgenileba, rom Cveni pirveli ministri imave
dros aris respublikis warmomadgeneli, qmnis iseT precedents, rom
momavalSi damfuZnebel krebas advilaT SeuZlia _ da amisTvis sabu­
Tic eqmneba _ am umaRles warmomadgenels uwodos prezidenti an Tu
gnebavT koroli. Cven ki winaaRmdegi varT korolis arCevis, Tu ginda
korolad TviT noe Jordania iyos dasaxelebuli.
amitom socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciam Tavi Seikava
winadadebis pirveli nawilis kenWis yris dros, xolo is winaaRmdeg
aZlevs xmas, rodesac kenWs uyrian winadadebis meore nawils.
Tavmjdomare. neba miboZeT gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze. Semdegi gax­
lavT saxelmwifo kontrolioris moxseneba.
sityva ekuTvnis saxelmwifos kontroliors.

saxelmwifos kontrolioris moxseneba.

saxelmwifo kontroliori filipe gogiCaiSvili. b-nno, saqarTve­


los damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! neba miboZeT movaxseno saqarTvelos
uzenaes krebas mokle angariSi imisa, Tu rogor moewyo, ra gaakeTa da
ra mdgomareobaSia dRes saqarTvelos saxelmwifo kontroli, rome­
lic Cveni „saxelmwifos marTvelobis calke nawils Seadgens“ da rom­
lis meTauroba da pasuxis-mgebloba saqarTvelos parlamentis mier me
mqonda dakisrebuli.
rodesac me saxelmwifo kontrolis Tanamdebobis asrulebas
Seudeqi (warsuli wlis ivlisis 1-s), saqarTvelos teritoriaze mo­
qmedebdnen Semdegi sakontrolo dawesebulebani: tfilisis sakon­
trolo palata, amier kavkasiis rkinis gzaTa kontroli, qarTuli
korpusis savele kontroli, da yofil amier-kavkasiis komisariatis

42
saxelmwifo kontrolioris kancelaria. yvela am dawesebulebebSi
360-mde moxele iricxeboda.
radgan aseTi Semadgenloba sakuTriv saqarTvelos kontrolisaT­
vis metad didi iyo da mZime xarjs adebda xazinas, amitom me pirvel
rigSi dasaxelebul dawesebulebaTa Statebis Semoklebas Seudeqi, im
angariSiT ki, rom likvidaciis Semdeg datovebul moxeleT SesZlebo­
daT, samsaxuris staJiT, SeedginaT gamocdil da kontrolis dargis
mcodne muSakTa jgufi.
amasTanave erTad miRebul iqna zomebi respublikis yvela im dawe­
sebulebaTa registraciisaTvis, romelnic valdebulni arian kon­
trols angariSi warmoudginon, raTa SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo Tvaly­
uris devna sarevizio angariSebis Tavis drozed warmodgenisaTvis.
am garemoebis gamorkvevam cotad Tu bevrad cxad hyo saqarTvelos
momavali kontrolis samuSaos zoma da masTan is Semadgenloba, rome­
lic saWiro unda yofiliyo mis wesierad moqmedebisaTvis.
amis Semdeg pirvel Cem sazrunav saqmed miviCnie gamorkveva da
SemuSaveba im safuZvelTa da debulebisa, romelzedac unda agebuli­
yo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo kontrolis wyobileba da saxelmwifoe­
brivi saqmianoba. es saqme saSuri iyo miT ufro, rom ruseTis kanonmde­
bloba Sesaxeb saxelmwifo kontrolisa Cvens politikur wyobilebas
srulebiT ar Seefereboda.
ruseTSi kontroli, rogorc viciT, mTavrobis kontroli iyo da
ara saxelmwifo saTaTbirosi. saTaTbiro ramdenime wlis ganmavloba­
Si cdilobda es kontroli mis organod gardaeqmna. magram amas sastik
winaaRmdegobas uwevda mTavroba, romlis SemadgenlobaSi saxelm­
wifo kontrolioric Sedioda, rogorc kabinetis wevri. saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros zedamxedvelobis qveS iyo mxolod saxelmwifo kontro­
lis angariSi, saxelmwifo xarjTaRricxvis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb, ma­
gram es angariSi ar warmoadgenda saxelmwifos Semosaval-gasavlis
arsebiTad reviziis Sedegs da aRniSnavda, ramdenad kanonieri da
wesieri iyo aRmasrulebeli Zalis moqmedeba saxelmwifo meurneobis
marTva-gamgeobaSi. es angariSi iyo arsebiTad sakaso angariSi Tanx­
aTa trialisa saxazino kasebSi da sabalanso Tavmoyra saxelmwifo
biujetisa.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom respublikis kontrols ar Seefereboda
aseTi ganwyobileba sakanonmdeblo organosadmi, romelic gadamwyve­
ti msajulia misi, Tu ramdenad wesierad an uwesod aris Sesrulebu­
li biujeti. eWvs gareSea, saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikaSi
kontroli unda yofiliyo organo sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebisa da
sruliad damoukidebeli mTavrobisagan. es ZiriTadi azri ukve miRe­
buli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis mier saxelmwifo kontrolior­
is Tanamdebobis dawesebis dros da igi me miviCnie saxelmZRvanelod,
rodesac kontrolis wyobilebisa da debulebis proeqtis SemuSave­
bas Seudeqi.

43
ruseTis kanoni kontrolis debulebis mxrivac ar Seeferebo­
da Cvens mdgomareobas aucileblad saWiro iyo, rom saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kontrolis agebuleba Sefardeboda Cvens mdgomareobas,
aucileblad saWiro iyo, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv wyo­
bilebas, mis sidiades da finansiur mdgomareobas. amitom kontrolis
centraluri meqanizmi da misi adgilobrivi nawilebi saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kontrolSi unda SeduRebuliyvnen erT erTeulSi saqa­
rTvelos respublikis saxelwodebiT. magram ise ki, rom kontrolis
amgvar gaerTianebas, rasakvirvelia, xeli ar unda SeeSala, saWiroe­
bis mixedviT, patara sakontrolo nawilis gamoyofisaTvis, raTa sa­
kontrolo aparati SeZlebisadagvarad daaxlovebuli yofiliyo
adgilobriv aRmasrulebeli Zalis ganmkargulebel organoebTan.
igive ruseTis kanoni kontrolis samoqmedo asparezis sifarTis
mxrivac ar Seefereboda Cvens saWiroebas. saqme imaSia, rom ruseT­
Si kontroli umTavresad Semdgomi reviziis mwarmoebeli iyo da
mxolod saxelmwifo meurneobis zogierT dargSi masTan erTad as­
rulebda winaswarsa da faqtiur kontrols. me ki, Tanaxmad dawin­
aurebeul qveynebis magaliTisa, mizanSewonilad vscani Semedgina
proeqti srulis kontrolis dawesebisa, romelmac unda awarmoos
rogorc Semdgomi, agreTve winaswari da faqtiuri revizia, _ yovel
SemTxvevaSi ufro msxvil xarjebisaTvis mainc, rogorc, magaliTad,
sameurneo-saoperacio, dasamzadebeli, saaRmSeneblo da sxva.
xsenebul safuZvelze agebuli da vrclad SemuSavebuli „saxel­
mwifo kontrolis debuleba“, misi Statebi „reviziis wesdeba“, ro­
melSiac dawvrilebiT aRnusxuli iyo mdgomareoba, agebuleba, xa­
siaTi, ufleba da movaleobani saxelmwifo kontrolisa da misi da
angariS-valdebul dawesebulebaTa da pirTa urTierTSorisi damok­
idebuleba, warsuli wlis seqtembris 25-s warvudgine parlaments,
romlis mier damtkicebul iqmna mcire cvlilebebiT, dekembris 6-s da
Tanaxmad kanonisa, imave Tvis 28-s ZalaSi Sevida.
mxolod amis Semdeg SemeZlo me Sevsdgomodi kontrolis or­
ganizacias da misi moqmedebis ganxorcielebas garkveuli kanonis
safuZveliT. TavisTavad cxadia, rom aseTi mokle xnis ganmavloba­
Si Statis Sevseba SeuZlebeli iyo. erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi (1 Te­
bervlamde) mainc moxerxda dawesebul Statis 2/2-mdis ayvana moxele­
Ta raodenobisa.
Tumca pirvel xanebSi Zvel sakontrolo dawesebulebaTa likvi­
daciis saqmesa da xsenebul kanon-proeqtebis SemuSavebaSi viyavi
garTuli, magram imave dros Cemi sazrunveli iyo kontrolis dawe­
sebulebaTa faqtiuri gaerTianeba. am mizniT yvela es dawesebule­
bani oqtombris 1-isaTvis kanon-proeqtis navaraudev gegmisamebr
SeerTebul da moTavsebul iqnen erT SenobaSi, ramac gaadvila saqmis
saerTo xelmZRvaneloba. masTan erTad SevimuSave gaerTianebuli
kontrolis moqmedebis gegma, romlis ZiriTadi safuZveli im pro­

44
gramaze iyo damyarebuli, romelsac gvikarnaxebda saxelmwifo meur­
neobis mdgomareoba da gadametebuli, mouwesrigebli zrda saxelm­
wifo xarjebisa, masTan raime sabiujeto sistemis uqonloba. saqmis
mdgomareobis namdvili suraTi rom gadaSliliyo, kontrolisaTvis
saWiro Seiqmna: 1) gamoerkvia, ra kreditis mqone arian sxva da sxva
angariSvaldebulni dawesebulebani da pirni. 2) faqtiurad gascno­
boda zogierT ufro msxvil sameurneo operaciebis warmoebas mainc
da 3) mieRwia sabiujeto angariS-warmoebis saqmis wesierad dayenebi­
saTvis, saTanado angariSebis aucilebliv kontrolSi warmodgeniT.
aseTi gegmis mTlianad Sesruleba metad mZime iyo, rogorc xalxis
uyolobis gamo, agreTve imitom, rom bevri saxelmwifo dawesebuleba­
ni jer kidev ar Camoyalibebulan, gardamavali xanis gansakuTrebul
Tvisebaze da saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobis droebiT moTxovnile­
baze, rom ara vsTqvaT-ra. miuxedavaT amisa, im azriT gamsWvalulma,
rom am aRmSeneblobisaTvis SesaZloa Semweoba aRmoeCina, kontrol­
ma yovelive RonisZieba ixmara, raTa misi cnobani mTavrobas gamoey­
enebia saxelmwifosa da xazinis inte­resisaTvis.
jer saxelmwifo biujetis Sedgenis Sesaxeb unda mogaxsenoT,
rom kontroli garda imisa, rom amis Sesaxeb Tavis droze mTavroba­
sac mimarTa moxsenebiT da safinanso komisiaSic aRZra ramdenjerme
es sakiTxi, mraval gziT cdilobda am saqmis asrulebis daCqareba ga­
moewvia. da mgonia, SemiZlian vTqva, rom Tu dRes Cveni biujetis Sed­
genis saqme win waweulia im mxriv rom xarjTaRricxvaTa umravlesoba
Sedgenilia _ romelTac, unda gvaxsovdes, didi, friadi didi Semok­
leba da Semcireba esaWiroebaT, _ amaSi kontrols, misi sasayvedurod
gamxdar ulmobelobis wyalobiT, cotaTi wili udevs.
iyo ramdenime imis maCvenebeli garemoeba, rom sxva da sxva dawe­
sebulebani aRar uweven angariSs saxarjTaRricxvo da sakaso wesebs,
rom Semosavali TiTqmis aRar Sedis xazinaSi, rom bevri xarjTam­
krefni xarjaven maT xelSi Semosul Tanxebs Tavis sammarTveloTa
Sesanaxad da sxva da sxva sameurneo saWiroebaze, kontrolis winaSe
anagariS warudgenlad, da rom sameurneo dargSi muSaoba araa Sefar­
debul-SeTanxmebuli xazinis interesebTan, ris gamo kontrolma pir­
vel rigSi tfilisis xazinis sakaso-sabuxhaltero angariS-warmoebis
faqtiuri mimoxilva moaxdina.
saangariSo sakredito nawilis mimoxilvis Semdeg saxelmwifo
kontroli sxva da sxva ufro TvalsaCino sameurneo dargTa faqti­
ur Semowmebas Seudga, SemdegSi ganagrZobda da exlac ganagrZobs mis
Sesrulebas sxva da sxva calke SemTxvevebSiac.
pirvel rigSi faqtiurad Semowmebul iqmnen: 1) yofil sasursaTo
saministros dawesebulebani _ tfilisSi; 2) miwad-moqmedebis saminis­
tros dawesebulebani _ tfilisSi, borjomSi da kaxeTSi; 3) momarage­
bis komitetis dawesebulebani tfilisSi da quTaisSi. Semdeg xdeboda
da xdeba faqtiuri revizia rk. gzisa, centralur sasursaTo sabWos

45
operaciebisa, samxedro saministros da saxalxo gvardiis sxva da sxva
dawesebulebaTa, agreTve calke samxedro nawilebisa, maT Soris imaT­
ic, romelnic brZolis velze imyofebodnen.
samwuxarod, ver vityvi, rom romelime dawesebulebaSi yvelaferi
wesierad aRmoCeniliyos. mxolod zogierT maTganSi aRmoCenili uwe­
soeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT droTa viTarebis aucilebel Sedegad, ma­
gram danarCenebSi ki kontroli Sexvda angariSebis areul-dareul,
uTavbolo mdgomareobas xSirad maT srul uwarmoeblobasac, fulsa
da saqonlis uweso xarjvas da aSkara borotmoqmedebasac. sxva dawe­
sebulebebSi faqtiurma reviziam gamoamJaRavna iseTi nakli da urigo­
ba, romelic mowmobda an saqmis sazaralod mimarTvas, an saxelmwifo
meurneobis saxifaTo, unugeSo mdgomareobas.
saqarTvelos uzenaes krebas amJamad bevri pirvelxarisxovani sa­
Suri saqme aqvs gasakeTebeli da amitom ver vbedav aq misi yuradRe­
ba SevaCero im uwesobisa da borotmoqmedebis kerZo SemTxvevebze, an
imaze, Tu ra iRona kontrolma imaT gamo. zogi ram imaTgan, naTqvamis
konkret magaliTebiT dasasabuTeblad, aRnusxulia vrcels werilo­
biT moxsenebaSi, romelTac aqve warmovadgen.
faqtiuri reviziiTa da sxva sakontrolo cnobebiT saxelmwifo
kontroli darwmunda, rom am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa uwinares yovlisa
mtkice zomebi sabiujeto sistemis mosawesrigeblad. erT aseT zomad
man miiCnia yvela uwyebaTa xarjebis winaswari revizia.
1917 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT ruseTis droebiTi mTavro­
bisa saxelmwifo kontroliors ufleba hqonda miniWebuli, sadac da
rodesac igi saWirod dainaxavda, mudmivi winaswari kontroli daew­
esebia. Tanaxmad am kanonisa, me gadavwyvite SemomeRo winaswari kon­
troli gasul wlis 9 noembridan yvela xarjebisaTvis, romlebsac ax­
denen saministroni da tfilisSi arsebuli mTavrobis marTvelobani,
dawesebulebani da saxelosnoebi. es kanonieri gadawyvetileba vac­
nobe mTavrobas da yvela saministroebs da Sevatyobine, rom amis Sem­
deg arc erTi asignoba xazinisa da arc erTi moTxovna fulisa bankebis
saxelze ar iqneba ganaRdebuli, ukeTu am dokumentebs ar eqneba grifi
saxelmwifo kontrolisa meTqi.
me ar veWvobdi aseTi rTulisa d axali saqmis siZneleSi; ar veWvob­
di imaSic, rom kontroli ver aicdenda uwyebebis mxriT sayvedurebs,
TiTqos winaswari revizia aferxebs saqmes, agvianebs gardaxdas da sx.
magram miuxedavad amisa, kontroli mainc Seudga winaswari reviziis
ganxorcielebas da xsenebul ricxvidan mokidebuli es revizia swar­
moebs, TumcaRa kontrolis moxeleebs uxdebaT muSaoba araCveule­
briv pirobebSi, _ saCqarod da mraval ricxovan mTxovnelebisa, kerZo
pirTa da dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureTa mudmivi ieriSebis qveS, ro­
melnic, xSirad muqariTac ki, moiTxoven „dauyovnebliv“ kontrolis
mier damtkicebas asignobisas, miuxedavad imisa, aris amisaTvis saW­
iro sabuTi da safuZveli Tu ara.

46
winaswari reviziis cdam mogvca swored is Sedegebi, romelTaTvis
zrunavda kontroli. daaxlovebiT Tvis ganmavlobaSi (9 noembridan 1
Tebervlamde) Semovida sawinaswarreviziod yvela uwyebebidan (gar­
da rkinis gzisa, romelzedac exlave calke mogaxsenebT) 5942 asignoba
saerTo jamiT 93.550.525 man. 63 kap., romelTagan samxedro gvardiis
Stabs uwevs. 55.719.813 man. 35 kap. am Tanxidan miCneulia swored da
damtkicebulia 20.413.063 man. 53 kap, gadadebulia Semdgomi revizii­
saTvis 70.82.731 man. 87 kap. da daumtkicebelia 3.052.730 m. 22 kap. es
ukanaskneli Tanxa (3 milioni), maSasadame, kontrolis daumtkiceblo­
bis mizeziT ar iqmna gamowerili dasaxarjavad da darCa xazinaSi.
70.082.731 man. 87 kap. xarji gadadebul iqmna Semdgomi revizii­
saTvis umTavresad imitom, rom ufro didi nawili gamoTxovili iyo
avansis saxiT (samxedro uwyebisa da saxalxo gvardiisaTvis), xolo
avansi sazogadod unda gamarTlebul iqmnes mxolod Semdeg misi
daxarjvisa. ara mcire nawili aRniSnuli xarjisa gacemulia. sxva
da sxva SemTxvevis gamo, im dawesebulebaTaTvis, romelTa Stati sab­
olood kidev ar iyo SemuSavebuli da damtkicebuli; xandaxan xsen­
ebuli Statebi mTavrobis mierac-ki ar iyo damtkicebuli. yvela am
SemTxvevebSi kontrolma SeuZleblad scno xarjebis winaaRmdeg pro­
testi ganecxadebia, vinaidan es SeaCerebda mTavrobisaTvis saWiro
organizaciebisa da mTel dawesebulebaTa moqmedebas. magram, amt­
kicebda ra aseT xarjebs pirobiT, saxelmwifo kontroli daJinebiT
moiTxovda uwyebaTagan, rom maT daeCqarebiaT Statebis SemuSaveba
da dasamtkiceblad wardgena, rac maT umravles SemTxvevaSi kidevac
Seasrules.
xolo rac Seexeba dasaxarjavad ganzraxul jamis (3.052.730 man. 22
kap.) daumtkiceblobis mizezebs, aseTebi mravalnairi iyo. magaliT­
ad iyo ariTmetikuli Secdoma gamoangariSebaSi, ar iyo sabuTi, rom­
liTac SesaZlebeli yofiliyo ama Tu im fulis moTxovnis sisworis
damtkiceba, ar iyo gamarTlebuli wineT micemuli avansi, srulebiT
ar iyo mTavrobis mier nebadarTuli krediti da sx.; xandaxan mizezi
iyo xazinisadmi pretenziis cxadi ukanonobac.
didi nawili gadarCenili anu dazogvili xarjebisa uwevs mTav­
robis erTi dawesebulebis angariSebis gasworebas meoresTan, rode­
sac ganzraxuli iyo fuli gadaetanaT kerZo kasebSi imis magivrad,
rom fuli Setanili yofiliyo xazinaSi da Caricxuliyo xazinis Se­
mosavlad, rogorc amas moiTxovs kanoni, vinaidan es fuli gayidul
saxazino saqonelsa da qonebaSi iyo aRebuli.
winaswarma reviziam garda imisa, rom gadaarCina amdeni Tanxa
usworo da ukanono daxarjvas, gadagvadgmevina sruliad gansaz­
Rvruli nabiji dawesebulebaTa mravalricxovan mimdinare angariS­
Ta gadasasinjavad, mraval maTganis dasaxuravad, xazinaSi sakredi­
to angariS-warmoebis mosawesrigeblad da dasasrul _ xeli Seuwyo
Statebis Sedgenisa daCqarebas uwyebaTa dawesebulebebSi.

47
winaswari reviziis fargalSi Sedis agreTve ganxilva: sxva da sxva
gvari sameurneo-saoperacio gegmebisa, xelSekrulebaTa (xazinisaT­
vis saWiro masalebis motanis Sesaxeb), dasamzadebel saqonlis fasebi­
sa, xarjTaaRricxvis zedmet kreditebisa da Semweobisa dawesebule­
bebsa da calke pirebisaTvis misacemad, xazinis gasacemisa winandel
valdebulebis gasasworeblad, da bolos ganxilva uwyebaTa Statebi­
sa da xarjTaaRricxvis proeqtebisa. calke SekiTxvebi da momarTvani
mTavrobis dawesebulebaTa, am gvari SemTxvevebis gamo, Semovida kon­
trolSi mTeli saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi 300. ganxilul sakiTx­
Ta an SuamdgomlobaTa udidesi nawili gaSvebuli iqmna kontrolis
mier pirobiT, e.i. jamis SekveciT da misi mxriT wardgenil iqmna sawi­
naaRmdego pasuxi da SeniSvnebi _ zogi xazinisadmi pretenziebisa da
moTxovnaTa da dausabuTeblobis gamo, zogi am moTxovnaTa siWarbis
gamo da xandaxan ki mxolod imitom, rom gamoangariSebaSi Secdoma
iyo daSvebuli. amgvarad winaswaris wesiT ganxiluli SemTxvevebis
saboloo Sedegi gamoixata imaSi, rom xazinis xarjebi Semcirebul
iqmmna 7 milioni maneTiT.
dasasrul oriode sityva rkinis gzis operaciebis Sesaxeb.
saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi kontrolis sawinaswar sare­
viziod Semovida 3.283 asignoba _ 80.271. 831 m. 12 kap. am saerTo jamidan
gamoricxul iqna kontrolis winaswari reviziis Semdeg, asignobebis
mospobiT an asignobebSi gasacemad daniSnuli Tanxebis SemcirebiT,
sul 406. 273 man. 2 kap. danarCeni jamidan (79. 865. 558 man 10 k.) 1919
w. 1 TebervlisaTvis damtkicebulia 50. 602. 131 m. 25 k., gadadebulia
Semdgomi reviziisaTvis 15.411. 320 m. 25 kap. da daumtkicebelia e. i.
uaryofilia 12.852.105 m. 89 kap.
Semdgomi reviziisTvis gadadeba gamowveuli iyo umTavresad
gzaTa mosamsaxureebis damatebiTi dajildovebis xarjebiT, rome­
lic swarmoebda saeqsploatacio kreditidan da unda dafaruliyo
Sesaferis wyaroebidan, agreTve imiT, rom xarjebis umravlesoba sas­
wrafod iyo moTxovnili da yvelas ganxilva winaswar reviziis dros
SeuZlebeli xdeboda da kontroli iZulebuli iyo, nawili xarjebisa
Semdgomi dokumentaluri reviziis droisaTvis gadaedo.
xolo rac Seexeba asignobaTa daumtkiceblobas, mizezi Sem­
degSi mdgomareobda: reviziis dros aRmoCnda gasacem fulis zed­
meti gamoangariSeba xarjebis gadatana ara saTanado wyaroze an
maTTvis Tavisufal kreditis uqonloba; agreTve zedmeti xarjebi
eqsploataciisa da am xarjebis dasafaravad kreditebis ara Tavis
drozed gaxsna.
faqtiuri reviziiT gasinjul iqmna 41 sadguri da 507 matarebeli.
sadgurebze aRmoCnda, rom Semosavali yvela ar iyo daniSnulebisame­
br Setanili, xolo matareblis reviziis dros aRmoCndnen mravali
ubileTo mgzavrebi. orive SemTxvevaSi kontrolis moTxovniT gadax­
dili da Setanil iqna xazinaSi 11,000 man. garda amisa SemosavalTa

48
Semdgomi reviziis wyalobiT Seenaxa xazinas 16.972 man. 57 kap. Semo­
savali, xolo sul erTad 28.000 man. sadgurebis reviziis dros aRmo­
Cenil iqna usargeblod gaCerebuli datvirTuli vagonebi, sadguris
sawyobebSi bargi da amanaTebi ara saTanado dokumentebiT da sxva.
rkinis gzis marTvelobis sxva da sxva ganyofilebaTa saqmiswar­
moebis reviziam aRmoaCina misi sruli arev-dareva da uwesrigoba,
romelic aris Sedegi, erTis mxriT mosamsaxureTa mier Tavis movale­
obis asrulebis ucodinarobisa, xolo meores mxriT maTi Sromis nay­
ofierebis dacemisa.
mTavari buhalteriis saSemosaval-gasavalo operaciebisa da naR­
di fulis moulodnelma faqtiurma reviziam didi defeqtebi aRmoa­
Cina, maT Soris borot-moqmedebac.
amas garda kontrolis mier daniSnul iqna rkinis gzis yvela
saqonlis sawyobebis sruli faqtiuri revizia. es revizia jer ar ga­
Tavebula, magram man ukve aRmoaCina davTrebSi Seutaneli sxva da sxva
masalebi ramodenime milion maneTisa.
xsenebuli qoneba axla SeaqvT davTrebSi, kontrolis moTxov­
nilebiT. amave reviziam aRmoaCina agreTve did fulad Rirebuli sxva
da sxva saqonlis danaklisi.
saangariSo drois ganmavlobaSi kontrolis warmomadgeneli
monawileobas iRebda rkinis gzis marTvelobis sabWos sxdomaze sad­
ac ganxilul iqna sul 965 moxseneba.
kontrolis protestebsa da SeniSvnebs is Sedegi mohyva, rom 1918
wlis xarjT-aRricxvaSi pirad Semadgenlobis Sesanaxad da sxva da
sxva samuSaosTvis navaraudevi gasavali amoSlil da Semcirebul iq­
mna _ 2.700.000 maneTiT, xolo 1919 w. xarjTaRricvxaSi – 15 1/2 milion
maneTiT.
es aris umTavresi mxareebi da Sedegni saxelmwifo kontrolis
moqmedebisa. Tumca kontrols safuZveli Cayrili aqvs, magram ar Sem­
iZlian vTqva, rom misi organizacia dasrulebuli da saqmeebis mowyo­
ba yovel-mxriv damTavrebul iyos. mTavari Sesasrulebeli morigi
saqmea mudmivi winaswari da faqtiuri reviziis mowyoba saxelmwifos
sxva da sxva adgilebSi, _ tfiliss gared. am saqmis jerjerobiT mTa­
var damabrkolebel mizezs mcodne da gamocdil moxeleTa nakleboba
Seadgens.
am nairad, moqmedeba Cemi da moRvaweoba Cemdami rwmunebul saxelm­
wifo kontrolisa saangariSo dros ganmavlobaSi gamoixata SemdegSi:
1) gatarebulia kontrolis reforma, Cveni saxelmwifos moTxov­
nilebasTan Sefardebuli, raica gamoixata 1918 w. 6 dekembris kanonSi.
2) miRebulia zomebi saxelmwifos angariS-warmoebis an angariS­
Ta warmodgenis sistemis mosawesrigeblad da angariSebis sareviziod
warsadgenad, dawyebulia agreTve maTi Semowmebac.
3) gamokvleulia mravali dargi saxelmwifo meurneobisa, sad­
ac aRmoCenilia arev-dareva, uTvalyuroba da borot-moqmedeba, ris

49
Sesaxeb Tavis dros ukve moxsenda saTanado uwyebaTa, mTavrobas saW­
iro zomebis misaRebad.
da 4) winaswari reviziiT, agreTve xazinisadmi wardgenil moT­
xovnilebaTa ganxilviT da faqtiuri reviziiT acilebulia usworo,
udrovo an mizanSeuwoneli saerTo jamiT 32 milion maneTzed meti.
me TviTon vici, rom moxsenebuli Sedegebi didi araa, magram im
garemoebaSi, romelSiac Cven vcxovrobT, Cemi patara Zal-Rone da
didi mecadineoba, samwuxarod, mets ver gaswvda.
movaxseneb-ra yvela amas saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebas, rome­
lic amieridan uzenaesi patroni da gamgebelia saxelmwifos yvela
dargisa da maT Soris kontrolisac, aqve warmovadgen Cemi, viTarca
saxelmwifo kontrolioris, Tanamdebobidan gadadgomis qaRalds da
suliT da guliT vinatri, vimedovneb da moveli rom es uzenaesi Za­
la-uflebisa da avtoritetis patroni kreba saxelmwifo kontrolis
mowyobis saqmesac iseT simaRleze aiyvans da ganamtkicebs, rogorc es
Cveni saxelmwifos moTxovnilebas Seefereba.
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiis fraqcia iZleva Semdeg wina­
dadebas. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs) „Sewynarebul iqnes saxelmwifo kontralio­
ris gancxadeba misi gadadgomis Sesaxeb. damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs
imave saxelmwifo kontraliors ganagrZos muSaoba axal saxelmwifo
kontralioris arCevamde“.
sxva winadadeba xom ar aris? maSasadame kenWs vuyri. vin aris wi­
naaRmdeg am winadadebisa? vin aris momxre? vin Seikava Tavi? maSa­
sadame, erTxmad aris miRebuli. Semdeg Cven unda SeudgeT komisiis
arCevnebs. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? gTxovT waikiTxoT.

sagangebo komisiis arCeva.

mdivani (kiTxulobs gancxadebas axalcixeSi gasagzavn komisiis Ses­


axeb) „arCeul iqnes damfuZnebel krebis wevrTagan sagangebo komisia ax­
alcixis mazraSi mdgomareobis gamosarkvevad da saTanado zomebis mis­
aRebad.“
Tavjdomare. me Zalian bodiSs vixdi, magram es CemTvis moulodneli
iyo. me davsvi sxva sakiTxi, aq aris sakiTxi samandato komisiis arCevnebis
Sesaxeb. es ki, unda ganvacxado, rom rigs gareSe aris Semotanili. gsurT
rom es sakiTxi movisminoT, Tu ara? sityva ekuTvnis baton eliavas.
nikoloz eliava. (s. d.) me im winadadebis Sesaxeb minda vilapara­
ko, romelic rigs gareSe aris.
Tavmjdomare. diax, diax, mobrZandiT.
nikoloz eliava. (s. d.) dRes, batonebo, pirveli saqmiani dRe aris
damfuZnebel krebisa. mogexsenebaT, rom erTi sakiTxi Cveni respub­
likisa ar aris normalur pirobebSi, Cayenebuli.

50
me mogaxsenebT axalcixis mazraze,
yvelas mogexsenebaT, ra moxda axalcixis mazraSi. amitom so­
cial-demokratiis fraqcias saWirod mieCnia, rom dResve pirvel
krebis dros, am mxares miaqcios damfuZnebel krebam ueWvelad yur­
adReba da arCeuli iqmnas gansakuTrebuli komisia, am mdgomareobis
gamosarkvevlad, da saWiro zomebis misaRebad. me mgonia rom es iseTi
gasagebia da yvelasaTvis misaRebia, rom met dasabuTebas ar moiTxovs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb? msurveli
aravin aris. maSasadame, winadadeba moismineT Tqven da me kenWs uyri.
(gvazava: romeli winadadebas?) ukacravad me kenWs uyri im winadade­
bas, romlis Sesaxeb b. eliavam fraqciis davalebiT mogaxsenaT. saman­
dato komisiis Sesaxeb Semdeg iqneba moxsenebuli. winadadeba aris,
rom axalcixis mazraSi mdgomareobis gamosarkvevlad damfuZnebel
krebam gamoarCios Tavis wridan komisia, da daavalos iq wasvla da
saqmis gamoZieba. surs vismes sxva winadadebis Semotana? msurveli ar­
avin aris. vin aris momxre am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRmdeg? erT
xmad aris miRebuli.
ramdeni kacidan unda Sesdges es komisia? (arseniZe: samidan!) ara­
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom sami kaci iyos arCeuli? winaaRmdeg aravin
aris. gTxovT daasaxeloT kandidatebi.
nikoloz eliava (s. d) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs or kandidats: ma­
med oRlis da anjafariZes.
Tavmjdomare. mamed-oRli ar aris, aris mamedovi.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs petre surgulaZes.
Salva nucubiZe (s. f.) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs samson fircxalavas.
Tavmjdomare. kidev aris Tu ara? maSasadame dasaxelebuli gax­
lavT oTxi piri: mamedovi, anjafariZe, petre surgulaZe da samson
fircxalava (gvazava: oTxi iyos!)
raJden arseniZe. Cven winadadebas viZleviT miviRoT oTxive aq
warmodgenili kandidati.
Tavmjdomare. kreba ar aris winaaRmdegi imisa, rom amoirCios
samis magivrad oTxi kaci? maSasadame erT xmad arian arCeulni oTxi
kaci. (eliava: dauyovnebliv unda wavidnen.)
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT samandanto komisiis arCeva. gamosarkvevi
aris sakiTxi, Tu ramdeni kacisagan gsurT, rom iyos es komisia Semd­
gari. (xmauroba) gTxovT kerZo laparaks Tavi daaneboT. sityva ekuT­
vnis cincaZes.

samandanto komisiis arCeva.

noe cincaZe. social demokratiul fraqcias winadadeba Semo­


aqvs arCeul iqmnas 7 _ kaci. Cveni fraqciidan iqneba 4-k. da sxva
fraqciebidan, maSasadame TiTo warmomadgeneli.

51
Tavmjdomare. diax, 7-wevridan, winadadeba gaxlavs aseTi: rom sa­
mandanto komisia Sesdgebodes 7 kacisgan.
vin aris winaaRmdegi. maSasadame komisia gaxlavT 7-d wevriani.
social-demokratiuli fraqcia asaxelebs Semdeg wevrebs _ (kiTxu­
lobs.) grigol urataZe, ivane WavWaniZe, Tevdore kikvaZe, gabriel
ciskariSvili. gTxovT sxva fraqciebs daasaxelon. sityva ekuTvnis
krebis wevrs gvazavas.
gvazava. (er. dem.) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs aleqsandre asaTians.
Tavmjdomare. diax, mexuTe, gaxlavT asaTiani. sxva fraqciebs, vis
surT daasaxelon? (xma federalistebis mxridan: osiko baraTaSvi­
li.) umorCilesad gTxovT aq mobrZandeT. marTalia reglamenti jer
ar gvaqvs miRebuli magram me piradad mgonia, rom Zveli reglamenti
unda darCes ZalaSi, da unda vixelmZRvaneloT imiT, sanam axali ar
migviRia. baraTaSvili aris dasaxelebuli meeqvseT.
ivane gobeCia. Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs gigo naTaZes.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame dasaxelebuli gaxlavT Semdegi pir­
ni: soc.dem. fraqciis mxridan: grigol urataZe, ivane WavWaniZe, Te­
vdore kikvaZe, gabriel ciskaraSvili, soc.revol. _ grigol naTaZe,
erovnul demokratebis mxridan _ aleqsandre asaTiani. neba miboZeT
kenWi uyaro. vin aris winaaRmdeg? es komisia erT xmaT aris arCeuli.
Semdeg, auarebeli werilebi da depeSebi, aris mosuli damfuZnebel
krebis saxelze. ar vici Tqven rogor moisurvebT, magram me piradad,
da mdivans gvgonia, am Jamad marto or wevrs prezidiumisas, saWirod
migvaCnia ramdenime mniSvnelovani da sayuradRebo depeSebi wavikiT­
xoT da danarCenebi gadavceT presas. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

milocvebi damfuZnebel krebis gaxsnis gamo.

konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs):

aderbeijanis parlamentisagan.

На торжественном собранiи. 12 марта въ день второй годовщины Великой


Русской революцiи, Азербеджанскiй парламентъ поручилъ мнѣ привѣтствовать
дружественную Республику съ историческимъ днемъ открытiя Учредительнаго
собранiя.
Грузiя единая въ стремленiи къ осуществленiю своихъ нацоiнальныхъ чаянiй
не страшась никакихъ преградъ и не останавливаясь ни передъ какими жертвами
достигла того чего еще не добился ни одинъ изъ самоопредѣлившихся народовъ.
Появленie грузинскимъ народомъ чрезвычайной воли въ дѣлѣ осуществленiя
своихъ чаянiй составить лучшую страницу исторiи освобожденiй народов.
Учредительное Собранiе Грузiи, призванное къ окончательному опредѣленiю
формы государственнаго бытiя Грузiи, безъ сомнѣния, явится выразителемъ чаянiй

52
и другихъ народов Кавказа лишь въ нацiонально-территорiальной независимости
видящихъ свое нацiональное счастье.
Одухотворенныя искренней любовью и взаимнымъ уваженiемъ правъ другъ
друга, независимыя государственныя образованiя Кавказа сумѣютъ безболѣзненно
разрѣшать всякiя внутреннiя вопросы какъ бы они остро не стояли. Азербежданскiй
парламентъ шлетъ горячiя пожеланiя благодѣнствiя Грузiя въ лицѣ лушчихъ ея
сыновъ призванныхъ разрѣшать иногосложныя задачи и убежденъ что сѣмья
Кавказскихъ народовъ съумѣетъ всегда съ честью отстоять дорогой Кавказъ отъ
посягательствъ всякихъ черных силъ.
Предсѣдатель Парламента Агаевъ.
(damfuZnebeli kreba milocvas taSiT egebeba)

somxeTis mTavrobisgan.

Въ историческiй день, когда мощно заявляетъ свою волю независимый


народъ Грузiи, Правительство республики Арменiи посылаетъ суверенному
Учредительному Собранiю свой искреннiй привѣтъ. Да прозвучитъ торжественно
и радостно всенародно голосъ, голосъ самостоятельной и независимой Грузiи
столь близкi сердцу ея исконнаго Армянскаго сосѣда и пусть укрѣпится навсегда
драгоцѣнная нерушимая связь между Грузiей и Арменiей счастье и сила которыхъ
так неразрывно связаны между собою. Правительство Арменiи твердо увѣренъ,
что Учредительное Собранiе Грузiи соберетъ вокруг себя всѣ живыя силы страны и
полностью претворить въ жизнь вышую волю ея на благо и счастье всего населенiя
ея народовъ и племенъ.
Да здравствуетъ независимая Грузiя!
Да здравствуетъ Учредительное Собранiе ея!
Исполняющiй должность Предсѣдателя
Правительства Республики Арменiи Александръ Хатисовъ.
Министръ Иностранныхъ дѣлъ Тигранянъ.
(damfuZnebeli kreba molocvas taSiT egebeba)

somxeTis sabWosgan.

Совѣтъ Арменiи горячо привѣтствуетъ Учредительное Собранiе Грузiи дол­


женствующее заложить основы Государственнаго бытiя страны исконны намъ
дружественной и близкой, глубоковѣрены, что демократическiе принципы и
cоцiальные права трудяшагося народа восторжествуетъ въ собранiи и нацiональныя
меньшинства сотрудничествъ съ Грузинскимъ народомъ приложить всѣ свои силы
къ устроенiю
За предсѣдателя совѣта Грикоръ Терхачатурянъ.
(damfuZnebeli kreba molocvas taSiT egebeba).

53
saqarTvelos mahmadianTa erovnul sabWosagan.

Привѣтствуя Грузинскiй народъ великим днемъ открытiя Учредительнаго


Собранiя, Мусульманскiй нацiональный Совѣтъ Грузiи шлетъ собранiю пожеланiя
успѣхов сложной трудной работѣ созданiи конституцiи, закрѣпляющей завоеванiя
революцiи и выражаетъ увѣренность, что будутъ выработаны нормы, при которыхъ
лучшiя чаянiя и стремленiя нацiональныхъ меньшинствъ получатъ полное свое
осуществленie
Да здравствуетъ Демократическая Грузинская Республика!
Предсѣдатель Совѣта А. Наримановъ
(kreba molocvas taSiT egebeba).

saqarTvelos germanelTa erovnul sabWosagan.

Нѣмецкiй Нацiональный Совѣтъ въ Грузiи, как представитель, ея гражданъ


нѣмецкой нацiональности в день великаго событiя, открытiя Учредительнаго
Собранiя независимой Грузiи, привѣтствуетъ и поздравляетъ въ Вашемъ лицѣ
Грузинскiй народъ и правительство его съ исполненiемъ давно лелѣяной мечты и
выражаетъ пожеланiе благополучнаго процвѣтанiя всего народа.
Предсѣдатель Мейбомъ.
(kreba molocvas taSiT egebeba).

saqarTvelos somexTa erovnul sabWosagan.

Армянскiй Нацiональный Совѣтъ Грузiи горячо привѣтствуетъ Учредительное


Собранiе Грузiи. Советъ выражаетъ свою глубокую увѣренность, что учредительное
собранiе укрепитъ демократическiй строй Грузiи, сплотитъ всѣ нацiй, живущiя в
Грузiи, установитъ тѣсныя дружескiя отношенiя съ сосѣдними республиками и
выведет всю Грузiю на широкий путь мирнаго свободнаго развитiя.
Да здравствуетъ Учредительное Собранiе!
Да здравствуетъ свободная Грузiя!
Предсѣдатель Нацiональнаго совѣта А. Зурабовъ.
(kreba depeSas taSiT egebeba).

saqarTvelos ebraelTa erovnul sabWosagan.

Въ высокоторжественный день открытiя Грузинскаго Учредительнаго Собранiя,


Тифлисскiй Еврейскiй Нацiональный Совѣтъ считаетъ своимъ прiятнымъ долгомъ
привѣтствовать представителей Грузiи довести страну до рѣдкаго нацiональнаго
праздника свободнаго и самостоятельнаго устроенiя своей нацiональной жизни.
Еврей, населяющiе Грузiю увѣрены, что грузинскiй народъ, представители, котораго
всегда первыми горячо отставили права угнетаемаго еврейскаго народа, въ своей
странѣ останется вѣренъ принципамъ высшей справедливости, свободы, равенства
и братства.
Тифлисскiй Еврейскiй Нацiональный Совѣтъ

54
Tavmjdomare. sxva depeSebi aris sxva da sxva kuTxebidan mosu­
li, da Tanaxmad Tqveni gadawyvetilebisa, gadavcemT presas. me mgo­
nia gamovTqvam krebis survils, Tu ki im ucxo saxelmwifoebs, vinc
Cven mogviloca samadlobo depeSebs gaugzavniT. (xmebi: gTxovT!) sxva
sakiTxi dRiur wesrigSi aRar aris. me mgonia, rom erTi sakiTxi unda
gadavWraT. rodis moisurvebT Semdeg krebas. (arseniZe: samSabaTs!)
ramden saaTze? (arseniZe: 12-ze) umorCilesad gTxovT, srul 12-saaTze
mobrZandeT, imitom rom krebas swored 12-ze gavxsni. krebas vxurav.
ukacravad, dRes saxelmwifo TeatrSi iqneba sazeimo saRamo dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrebisTvis.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.

55
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

mesame sxdoma

oTxSabaTi 1919 wlis martis 18. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs Tavmjdomaris ufrosi amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani k. jafariZe.
kreba ixsneba naSuadRevis 12 saaTsa da 25 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. _ gTxovT dabrZandeT, kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT mdi­
vani mogaxsenebT dRiur wes-rigs.
mdivani (kiTxulobs) dRiuri wesrigi:
1) saboloo teqsti saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Sedge­
nis dekretisa.
2) prezidiumis wevrTa arCeva.
3) sxva da sxva komisiebis arCeva.

social-demokratiul fraqciis sakanonmdeblo


winadadeba.

social demokratiul fraqciis mier Semotanilia Semdegi


sakanonmdeblo winadadeba: (kiTxulobs).
soc.-demokratiul fraqcias Seaqvs Semdegi sakanonmdeblo wina­
dadeba deputatobis da moxeleobis SeuTavseblobisa da deputatTa
dietisa.
1) mTavrobis dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureni ar SeiZleba imave
dros iyvnen damfuZnebel krebis wevrad. gamonakliss Seadgenen: mTav­
robis wevrebi (ministrebi), maTi amxanagebi, elCebi da saxalxo gvar­
diis Stabis wevrebi.
am ukanasknelTaTvis SeTavseba dasaSvebia.
2) adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevrebs da xmos­
nebs ar ekrZalebaT iyvnen imave dros damfuZnebel krebis wevrad.

57
3) daeniSnos damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gasamrjelod 1,500 man.
Tviurad.
4) aravis ar aqvs ufleba aiRos jamagiri erT da imave dros dam­
fuZnebel krebidan da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebidan, an adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobebidan.
5) yoveli wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa, romelic pirvel muxlSi
aRniSnul dawesebulebebSi msaxurebs, valdebulia erTi Tvis ganmav­
lobaSi dRidan kanonis miRebisa, warmoadginos sabuTi imisa, rom man
SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevraT ar CaiTvleba da mis adgils Semdegi kandida­
ti daiWers.
Tavmjdomare. mdivanma mogaxsenaT dRiuri wes-rigi da agreTve
sakanonmdeblo winadadeba, romelic Semoitana social-demokrati­
ulma fraqciam.
jer dRiuri wes-rigis Sesaxeb surs Tu ara vinmes Tavisi azri
gamosTqvas? msurveli aravin gaxlavT. neba miboZeT dRiuri wesrigi
miRebulad CavTvalo.
axla sakanonmdeblo winadadebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva? sityva
ekuTvnis damfuZebeli krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) SeiZleba es winadadeba gadavceT dasamuSave­
blad komisiaSi. Cven Sesaferisad migvaCnia gadaeces safinanso da sa­
konstitucio komisiebs, vinaidan am winadadebas aqvs finansiuri da
erT gvari sakonstitucio xasiaTi. maSasadame gadavceT or komisias,
romelTac dRes amovirCevT.
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdegi aravin aris, rom es sakanonmdeblo
winadadeba gadaeces safinanso da sakonstitucio komisias? vis surs
sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame es winadadeba miRebulia da ga­
daecema safinanso komisias.
exla mdivani mogaxsenebT saboloo teqsts dekretisas. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs).

dekreti #1

saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Sedgenisa.

1. daevalos damfuZnebel krebis wevrs noe Jordanias saqarTve­


los respublikis mTavrobis Sedgena _ misive TavmjdomareobiT.
2. mTavrobis Tavmjdomare imave dros saqarTvelos respublikis
umaRlesi warmomadgenelia.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes raime Sesworebis Semotana? msur­
veli arvin aris. maSasadame es teqsti sabolood miRebuli gaxlavT.

58
Semdegi sakiTxi _ prezidiumis wevrebis arCevaa. vin aris msurve­
li sityva aiRos? sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs S. mes­
xiSvils.

prezidiumis wevrTa arCeva.

Salva aleqsi mesxiSvili. (s. f.) social federalistebis saxeliT


Tavmjdomaris meore amxanagad vasaxeleb damfuZebel krebis wevrs b.
svimon mdivans.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n. d.) _ Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevrs: eqvTime TayaiSvils.
Tavmjdomare. aris Tu ara sxva kandidatura?
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs prezidiumis wevris
Tanamdebobaze gigo naTaZes.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, me bodiSs vixdi, magram jer erTi sakiTxi
unda gamovarkvioT. aq sami piri daasaxeles prezidiumis wevraT. ga­
mourkvevelia, vin ra Tanamdebobazed: erTi garkveulad iyo dasaxele­
buli s. mdivani, rogorc Tavmjdomaris amxanagi. sxvebi ki iyvnen
dasaxelebulni, rogorc prezidiumis wevrebi. gTxovT gamorkveuli
iyos, ramdeni wevri iqneba da vis ra Tanamdebobaze asaxelebT.
giorgi gvazava. (n. d.) Cemi azri aSkara iyo, me megona rom lapara­
ki aris Tavmjdomaris meore amxanagze. mxolod am Tanamdebobaze me
vasaxelebdi damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs eqvTime TayaiSvils, rogorc
meore amxanags Tavmjdomarisas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva eZleva damfuZnebels krebis wevrs noe cin­
caZes.
noe cincaZe. (s. d.) prezidiumis Semadgenloba Cemis azriT, unda
ganisazRvros ase: unda arCeul iyvnen ori amxanagi Tavmjdomarisa, da
ori umcrosi mdivani. maSasadame aq dasaxelebuli iyo Tavmjdomaris
amxanagis Tanamdebobaze ori piri, rogorc gavige: s. mdivani da eqv­
Time TayaiSvili. maSasadame ori mdivania asarCevi, erTi mdivani ukve
dasaxelebulia, gigo naTaZe. meore mdivans Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs
qristine SaraSiZes.
Tavmjdomare, sxva kandidatura rogorc sCans ar aris, rogor
inebebT, calke uyaroT kenWi Tu yvelas erTad? (xma: yvelas erTad!)
winaaRmdegi aravin aris? vin aris momxre, rom dasaxelebuli wevre­
bi damfuZnebel krebisa arCeul iyvnen krebis prezidiumis aRniSnul
Tanamdebobebzed? me mgonia erT xmad aris miRebuli. gTxovT mobrZan­
deT aq da daikavoT Tqveni adgilebi. (taSi.)
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT arCeva sxva da sxva komisiebisa. vis surs
am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sityva aiRos? sityva ekuTvnis n. cincaZes.

59
komisiebis arCeva.

noe cincaZe: (s. d.) Cven fraqcias winadadeba Semoaqvs: arCeul iqnes
dRes oTxi komisia: sareglamento, sakonstitucio, sabiujeto-safi-
nanso da saredaqcio. am komisiebis Semadgenloba, Cemis azriT unda
ganisazRvros ase:
saredaqcio komisiaSi Svidi wevri, sakonstitucioSi _ TxuTmeti,
ag­reTve safinanso da sabiujetoSi _ TxuTmeti da sareglamentoSi _
Svidi.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT erTxel kidev waikiTxoT
mdivani (kiTxulobs komisiebis nusxas)
sareglamento komisiaSi social demokratiuli fraqcia asaxelebs
(xmebi: jer ricxvi, ramdeni kacisgan aris Semdgari komisia?)
sareglamento komisia...
Tavmjdomare. Tu ara vcdebi, winadadeba aris arCeul iyos oTxi
komisia, sareglamentoSi _ Svidi wevri, sakonstitucioSi _ TxuT­
meti, sabiujeto-safinansoSi _ TxuTmeti da saredaqcioSi _ Svidi.
gsurT Tu ara am winadadebis Sesaxeb gamosTqvaT azri? msurveli ar­
avin aris. maSasadame miRebulad unda CaiTvalos. exla gTxovT daas­
axeloT kandidatebi. erT fraqcias ukve dasaxelebuli hyavs kandi­
datebi sareglamento komisiaSi. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

sareglamento komisiis arCeva.

mdivani (kiTxulobs) soc. dem. fraqcia sareglamento komisiaSi


asa­xelebs: l. naTaZes r. arseniZes, p. sayvareliZes, n. imnaiSvils.
Tavmjdomare dasaxelebulia mxolod oTxi wevri, gadawyvetili
gaxlavT Svidi. gTxovT danarCeni kandidatebi wamoayenoT.
giorgi gvazava. (adgilidan): Cveni fraqcia me masaxelebs.
Tavmjdomare: kidev vis surs?
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) sareglamento komisiaSi vasaxelebT dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrs ilia nucubiZes.
mdivani: (kiTxulobs) social federalistebis fraqcia asaxelebs
ioseb baraTaSvils.
Tavmjdomare. sxva kandidatura, rogorc sCans, ar aris maSasadame
da­saxelebulni gaxlavan: (kiTxulobs).
leo naTaZe (s. d.) raJden arseniZe (s. d.), pavle sayvareliZe (s. d.),
n. imnaiSvili (s. d.), giorgi gvazava (er. dem.) ilia nucubiZe (s. r.) iese
baraTaSvili (soc. fed.).
gsurT eseni arCeulnad CaiTvalon? Semdegi: _ sakonstitucio
komisia. gTxovT waikiTxoT vis asaxelebs social-demokratiuli
fraqcia.

60
sakonstitucio komisiis arCeva.

mdivani. _ (kiTxulobs): soc. dem. fraqcia sakonstitucio komisi­


aSi asaxelebs Semdeg pirebs: arseniZes r., jafariZes s., sayvareliZes
p., naTaZes l., jafariZes v., andronikaSvili k., CixlaZes r., rusias m.,
faRavas g., wulaias p.
sakonstitucio komisiaSi social federalistebi asaxeleben
ioseb ba­raTaSvils da giorgi lasxiSvils.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) _ Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs spiridon ke­
dias da giorgi gvazavas.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs) socialist-revolucionerTa fraqcia
asaxelebs ivane gobeCias.
Tavmjdomare. _ maSasadame dasaxelebuli gaxlavT kandidatebi.
sxva kandidatebi aRar aris. neba miboZeT es komisia iseT Semadgenlo­
biT, romelic miiReT, arCeulad CavTvalo.
mesame _ safinanso sabiudjeto komisia. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

safinanso sabiujeto komisiis arCeva.

mdivani (kiTxulobs): social demokratiuli fraqcia asaxelebs


TofuriZes d., eliavas n., cincaZes n., oniaSvils d., SaraSiZes d., Wi­
abriSvils an., eligulaSvils i., panievs k., urataZes gr., WavWaniZes iv.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia asaxelebs grigol naTaZes.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) _ Cveni fraqcia asaxelebs geronti qiqoZ­
es da aleqsandre asaTians.
Tavmjdomare. _ esec miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT meoTxe _ sare­
daqcio komisia.

saredaqcio komisiis arCeva.

mdivani (kiTxulobs): social-demokratebi asaxeleben: arseniZes


r., Sa­raSiZes qr., soloRaSvils ol., gomarTels iv.
saredaqcio komisiaSi socialist-federalistebi asaxeleben: sam­
son fircxalavas.
nacional-demokratebi. asaxeleben ioseb maWavarians.
social revoliucionerTa fraqcia asaxelebs: ilia nucubiZes.
Tavmjdomare. esec miRebulia. dRiur wes-rigSi sxva araferi ar
gaxlavT, neba miboZeT kreba davxuro. mxolod keTil inebeT da daniS­
neT Semdegi krebis dRe da saaTi, surs Tu ara vinmes winadadeba Semoi­
tanos? SeiZleba keTils inebebT da prezidiums miandobT! (arseniZe:
agre sjobia!)

61
sxdomis daxurva.

Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, miendoba es sakiTxi prezidiums. exla


sxdoma daxurulaT unda CaiTvalos. ukacravaT, jer erTi, rom gauad­
viloT Cven qvestors deputatebis suraTebis SeZena rac aucilebeli
aris, _ aq fotografi aris mosuli da gTxov damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrebs, nu daizarebT, baRSi gamobrZandiT, sadac fotografi gada­
giRebT. meore: komisiis wevrebs, romelnic arian amorCeulni, umor­
Cilesad vTxov darCnen mosalaparakeblad.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

62
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meoTxe sxdoma.

paraskevi, 1919 wlis martis 21. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi aleq­


sandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZe.
sxdoma iwyeba 12 s. 35 w.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT.
sanam dRiur wes-rigzed gadavalT neba miboZeT, mogaxsenoT dam­
fuZnebel krebis saxelze gamogzavnili depeSebi.
gTxovT waikiTxoT.
konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs)

mTielTa sabWosgan

Въ эти исторические дни сосѣдния вамъ Грузiя дождалась величайшаго счастья


– собрать лучшихъ своихъ сыновъ для устроенiя судьбы народа. Правительство
Республики союза Горцевъ Кавказа привѣтствуетъ державнаго хозяина Грузiи,
ея Учредительное Собранiе и выражаетъ твердую уверенность, что это Высокое
Собранiе усиленно выполнитъ задачу по установленiю такихъ основныхъ
законовъ, которые поставятъ Грузiю и ея народъ наряду съ самыми культурными
демократическими странами мiра.
Да поможетъ Вамъ Аллахъ въ вашей трудной и ответственной работѣ!
За прѣдседатѣля Совѣта Министровъ Князь Тарновскiй.
(damfuZnebeli kreba taSiT egebeba milocvas).

63
mTielTa sabWosgan

Въ эти великiе, радостные и историческiе дни, когда собралось въ стлоицѣ


Грузiи Учредительное Собранiе, _ Хозяйнъ Всей Грузинской Земли, Союзный
Совѣтъ Республики Горцевъ шлетъ ему горячiй привѣтъ. Союзный Совѣтъ Горцевъ
вѣритъ твердо, что умудренные опытомъ, собрвшiеся лучшiе люди Грузiи быстро
залечатъ всѣ тяжелыя раны прошлаго дорогой имъ Грузiи и оздоровивъ, сдѣлаютъ
ее образцомъ среди истинно-демократическихъ республикъ. Отъ души желаемъ
братскому Грузинскому народу полнаго успѣха въ его чрезвычайно великой и
отвѣтственной работѣ.
Предсѣдатель Союзнаго Совѣта Республики
Горцевъ Кавказа Темирхановъ.

ellinTa erovnul sabWosgan.

Нацiональный Совѣтъ Эллиновъ Грузiи горячо привѣтствуетъ Учредительное


Собранiе Грузинской Демократiи отъ имени всѣхъ Эллиновъ Грузiи, готовыхъ на всѣ
жертвы на защиту Грузiи, съ польной вѣрой, что свободная Грузинская Республика
всегда будетъ стоять на стражѣ свободъ, завоеванныхъ революцiей и законныхъ
правъ меньшинствъ.
Товарищъ Предсѣдателя Спилiоти

Актъ об Автономiи Абхазiи

Первый Абхазскiй Народный Совѣтъ, избранный на основѣ всеобщаго, пря­


мого, равнаго и тайнаго избирательнаго права, въ заседанiи своемъ отъ 20 марта
1919 г. Отъ имени народовъ Абхазiи постановилъ.
1) Абхазiя входитъ въ составъ Демократической Республики Грузiи, как ея
автономная единица, о чемъ поставитъ въ извѣстность Правительство Республики
Грузiи и ея Учредительное Собранiе,
2) Для составленiя Конституцiи Автономной Абхазiи и опредѣленiя взаимо­
отношенiй между центральной и автономной властью, избирается смѣшанная
Комиссiя въ равномъ числѣ членовъ от Учредительнаго Собранiя Грузiи и Народнаго
Совѣта Абхазiи и выработанныя положенiя по принятiи ихъ Учредительнымъ
Собранiемъ Грузiи и Абхазскимъ народнымъ Совѣтомъ, должны быть внесены въ
конституцiю демократической Республики Грузiи.
Предсѣдатель Абхазскаго Народнаго Совѣта Емухвари
(damfuZnebeli kreba taSiT egebeba milocvas).

Tavmjdomare. me mgonia, rom damfuZnebeli kreba miandobs Tavis


prezidiums sapasuxo depeSebi gaugzavnos, rogorc winad yofila.
exla mdivani waikiTxvas dRiur wesrigs.
konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs).

64
dRiuri wes-rigi

1) _ prezidiumis winadadeba droebiT saxelmZRvanelod parla­


mentis reglamentis miRebis Sesaxeb.
2. _ axalcixis ambebis gamosarkvevad sagangebo komisiisTvis
borot-moqmedTa da meamboxeTa datusaRebis uflebis micemis Sesaxeb.
3. _ gancxadeba mTavrobis Sedgenis Sesaxeb.
4. _ mTavrobis deklaracia.
Tavmjdomare. surs vismes sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb? msurve­
li aravin aris. maSasadame krebas surs im rigzed ganixilos ra rigi­
Tac Semotanilia wesrigi.
wesrigi damtkicebulia.
prezidiumis saxeliT gTxovT, sanam sareglamento komisia regla­
ments SeimuSavebdes da kreba mas miiRebdes, neba dagvrTaT, miviRoT
saxelmZRvanelod saqarTvelos parlamentis reglamenti.
surs Tu ara vismes amis Sesaxeb sityva? aravis. maSasadame aravin
aris winaaRmdegi.
winadadeba miRebulia.
meore sakiTxis Sesaxeb unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi. Tqven keTil ineb­
eT da airCieT damfuZnebel krebis komisia axalcixis mazraSi gasagza­
vnad im mizniT, rom am komisias gamoeZia adgilobrivi mdgomareoba,
gamoerkvia mizezebi Seqmnil mdgomareobisa da mieRo saTanado zome­
bi. aseTi gaxldaT Sinaarsi im rezoliuciisa, romelic Tqven miiReT.
komisiis mizani iyo ase mowyobiliyo.
komisiis Tavmjdomarisagan anjafariZisagan movida depeSa, ro­
melSiac is iTxovs, rom gaarkvios damfuZvnebelma krebam Semdegi:
eqneba Tu ara am komisias ufleba, rom Tu vinicobaa, rom komisiam ga­
moarkvia borotmoqmedeba, miagnos borot-momqmeds, daatusaRos igi.
ai amis Sesaxeb komisia gTxovT, rom Tqven, damfuZnebelma krebam, sa­
Tanado pasuxi gasceT.
vTxov damfuZvnebel krebas gamosTqvas Tavisi azri.
vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs eliavas.

msjeloba sagangebo komisiis Sesaxeb.

nikoloz eliava. (s. d.) Cveni fraqciis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven
swo­red ise gvesmis damfuZvnebeli krebis dadgenileba amis Sesaxeb,
rogorc amas moiTxovs garemoeba.
damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebiT, komisias, sxvaTa Soris, hqon­
daT miniWebuli ufleba, rom mieRo saWiro zomebi. saWiro zomebSi
Sedioda is ufleba, romelzedac komisiis Tavmjdomare ekiTxeba
damfuZnebel krebas, da vfiqrobT, rom Cveni dadgenileba ise unda

65
iyos gagebuli, rom komisias aqvs sruli ufleba yovelnairi zomebi
miiRos. sxvaTa Soris, saca aRmoaCens borot-moqmedebas gadaayenos
adgilidan da, Tu mdgomareoba moiTxovs, daatusaRos da gadasces ga­
sasamarTleblad esa Tu is piri.
ase gvesmis Cven da winadadebas viZleviT, rom damfuZvnebelma
krebam ganmartos es Segneba, daamtkicos da sTxovos prezidiums ac­
nobos komisiis wevrebs, rom mTavroba saTanado gankargulebas moax­
dens, raTa yvela Tanamdebobis pirma icodes, rom es damfuZnebeli
krebis komisia umaRlesi uflebiT aris aRWurvili.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) me mgonia, rom am sakiTxs aqvs principi­
aluri xasiaTi.
Cven amiT vqmniT precedents. komisias eZleva ufleba, rom daatu­
saRos. Cveni fraqcia am SemTxvevaSi jer-jerobiT winaaRmdegi aris,
rom es komisia aRWurvili iyos am TanamdebobiT.
marTalia, damfuZnebeli kreba aris baton-patroni, damfuZne­
beli kreba rogorc moisurvebs, ise unda iyos yoveli kiTxva gad­
awyvetili. rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebel krebas aqvs neba da ufleba
Sehqmnas amisTana precedenti. rasakvirvelia SeuZlian damfuZvneb­
el krebas ubrZanos, rom sworeT amisTana aRmasrulebeli ufleba
miiRos am komisiam, magram es sruliaT ar iqneba mizan-Sewonili.
Cven komisia gavgzavneT, rom gamoarkvios adgilobrivi mdgo­
mareoba, gamoikvlios mizezebi am mdgomareobisa, magram amasTanave
marTalia darTuli iyo is azri, rom saTanadoT zomebi mieRo, ma­
gram ar iyo gamorkveuli, Tu ra aris saTanado zomebi.
adgilobrivi mdgomareoba ase isaxeboda Cven winaSe, rom iq aris
general-gubernatori, iq aris gansakuTrebul uflebebiT gagzavni­
li sagubernio inspeqtori, mere iq aRmsrulebeli roli ekuTvnis
Cvens mTavrobas, e. i. sami dawesebulebaa, sami piri aris, romelnic
am SemTxvevaSi aasruleben aRmsrulebel rols. raT gindaT, sworeT
dRes, sworeT am komisias mivaniWoT aseTi funqciebi. Cemis azriT
es Seitans erTgvar ryevas, funqciebis arev-darevas. (xma: gansaz­
Rvrulia!).
gansazRvruli ar gaxlavT, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! gansaz­
Rruli ar aris imisTvis, rom iq arian imisTana pirebi, romelTac
swored es unda aasrulon. sruliaT sakmarisi iqneba, rom gamoaaS­
karavon sagani, mokrifon masala, Seatyobinon mTavrobas, Seatyobi­
non im pirebs, romelnic iq arian. amis da mixedviT, saqme gakeTdeba.
Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom isini Seasruleben Tavis movaleobas.
me mgonia, rom swored mdgomareobiT ar aris gamowveuli rom am
uflebiT aRvWurvoT es komisia.
amis da mixedviT, me mgonia, rom Zveli dadgenileba unda darCes
sisruleSi: mizezebi gamoirkves da moxsendes damfuZnebel krebas.
merme es saqme gadawyvetili iqneba. amis da mixedviT, Cven ver mivani­

66
WebT am komisias _ uflebas, rom marTva gamgeobaSi dResve Caerios
da miiTvisos aRmasrulebeli funqciebi.
Tavmjdomare. sanam Semdeg orators mivcemdi sityvas, me saWirod
mimaCnia mogaxsenoT amonaweri im sxdomis oqmisa, roca damfuZnebel
krebam miiRo dadgenileba. es amonaweri Semdegi gaxlavT: „arCeu­
li iqnes damfuZnebel krebis wevrTagan sagangebo komisia axalcixis
mazraSi gamosarkvevlad da saTanado zomebis misaRebad.“
aseTi gaxlavT amonaweri.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvzava. (er. dem.) batonebo, Cven Zalian gatacebulni varT
sxva da sxva istoriuli magaliTebiT. Cven xSirad vbaZavT xolme dam­
fuZnebel krebas, romelsac hqonda adgili evropaSi, sxva da sxva dros.
gansakuTrebiT Cven yuradRebas ipyrobs safrangeTis konventi. marTa­
lia, iq damfuZnebeli kreba ereoda mmarTvelobis yovel dargSi, es iyo
ara marto kanondebeli organo: man Tavis Tavzed miiRo sxva da sxva
funqciebic: samosamarTleo, saadministracio da sxva. magram Cven unda
gaufrTxildeT amisTana wess. exla ar aris is saerTaSoriso pirobebi,
romelnic iyvnen maSin evropaSi, gansakuTrebiT safrangeTSi, da sa­
frangeTis irgvliv. maSin safrangeTi rogorc mogexsenebaT, SemTxveu­
li iyo mtrebiT, reaqcionur evropiT. (xma: exlac aseTi mdgomareoba!)
ukacravad! revoliuciaa mTel ruseTSi da revoliucionuri moZrao­
baa irgvliv (arseniZe: denikinic revoliucioneria?) maSin evropa, ro­
gorc mowyobili Zala, saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia, mimarTuli iyo
safrangeTis da revoliuciis winaaRmdeg. aseTi pirobebi Cemis azriT,
amier-kavkasiaSi ar aris. kidev ufro uaresi mdgomareoba iyo SigniT
safrangeTSi. bevri iyo naSTebi absoliutizmisa da saWiro iyo brZo­
la sxva da sxva elementebTan; fsixologia sul sxva iyo, gaJRenTili
warsul reJimiT. aq bevri iyo momxre mefisa. saadministracio Zalas
provinciaSi Seadgendnen iseTi pirebi, romelnic iyvnen dayenebulni
mefis mier da amisTana sxva.
sruliad es ar aris saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ga­
mocxadda maisSi da amis Semdeg Cven movaxerxeT gagvewminda adminis­
tracia. yvelgan davayeneT Cveni kacebi, demokratiis ndobiT aRWurvi­
lni. aq analogias me mgonia adgili ara aqvs. amitom me vambob, ar aris
sakmarisi safuZveli rom mivyveT im gzas, romelzedac idga safrange­
Tis konventi. aq sul sxva garemoebaa.
maSasadame Tu konventi ebRauWeboda yovel-gvar uflebebs, ro­
gorc sakanondebulos, agredve marTva-gamgeobas da sasamarTlos, _
es misabaZi ar aris. Cven administracia gvyavs, saministroebi gvaqvs.
administracia emorCileba ministrs, ministri xom Tqveni ndobiTaa
aRWurvili? Tu administracia ar asrulebs imas, rasac ubrZanebs aq­
edgan ministri, is gamocvlili an gadayenebuli iqmneba. mTeli apara­
ti saxelmwifosi Cven xelSia. aseT mdgomareobaSi Sereva sxva da sxva
funqciebisa yovlad Seuwynarebelia da arc aris sasargeblo CvenTvis.

67
ar aris sasargeblo xalxisTvis. aseTi arev-dareva ar unda SevitanoT.
ramdenadac SegviZlian garkveul gzas unda davadgeT da garkveu­
li zomebi miviRoT. adgilobrivi administracia, rogorc aq iTqva
aris. marTalia Cvens dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo: miiRos komisiam sa­
Tanado zomebio, magram, me mgonia es imas ki ar niSnavs rom es komis­
ia Caerios yovelTvis da yvelgan sadac misi Careva sruliad saWiro
ar aris (xma: saWiroa?) ukacravad, batonebo ar aris saWiro imitom,
rom komisias yovel wams SeuZlian iqonios kavSiri CvenTan an saminis­
trosTan: aris telegrafi, telefoni, rasac moklebul iyo safrange­
Ti konventis dros. maSin ar iyo saSualeba. exla komisias yovel wuTs
SeuZlian elaparakos ministrs, maSasadame, ra saWiroa, rom komisiis
Tavmjdomares aseTi gansakuTrebuli ufleba gadavceT? (naTaZe. rad
aZlevdiT...) nu gcxveniaT batono, gaaTaveT. (naTaZe: raT aZlevdiT xmas
komisiis gagzavnaze)?
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, umorCilesad gTxovT adgilidan nu
laparakobT.
g. gvazava. Tu yurs migdebT aq gaigebdiT. komisia gavgzavneT, rom
adgilobriv gamoerkvia adgilobrivi mdgomareoba, da saTanado zome­
bic mieRo. am zomebis miRebis dros Cven gvgonia _ komisia daadgebo­
da kanonier gzas, kanonierad moiqceoda, kanoner zomebs miiRebda.
e.i. mihmarTavda arsebul saxelmwifoebriv aparats da misi SemweobiT
da saSualebiT imoqmedebda. Cven is azri-ki ar gvqonia, rom komisiam
miiTvisos yovelgvari Zalaufleba. SeiZleba man moindomos namdvili
kanonmdeblobiTi xasiaTis brZaneba gasces, kanoni gamosces esec „sa­
Tanado zoma“ iqneba, magram gana SeiZleba amisTana ufleba mivaniWoT?
Cven amisTana ufleba ar migviniWebia maTTvis. Tu vinme dasaWeria unda
Seatyobinon im organos, romelsac evaleba amgvari sakiTxebis mowyo­
ba, da warmoeba. amitom Cveni fraqciis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven wi­
naaRmdegni varT Semotanil winadadebisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ivane gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia (s. r.) moqalaqeno! damfuZnebel krebis sagangebo
komisiaSi, romelic axalcixis mazraSi momxdar ambebis gamosaZie­
blad iyo Cven mier arCeuli, Sedis yvela fraqciis warmomadgeneli
garda Cveni fraqciisa. SemTxveviT, mxolod Cven fraqcias ara yavs
Tavs warmomadgeneli am komisiaSi, da rodesac ismeba sakiTxi, mieni­
Wos Tu ara am komisias ama Tu im moqalaqis daWeris ufleba, Cveni
fraqcia, SeiZleba, sxva fraqciebze ufro nakleb iyves dainterese­
buli komisiis am uflebis miniWebaSi, magram, Tu gaiTvaliswinebT
damfuZnebel krebis iuridiul bunebas, dasmuli sakiTxi sul ad­
vilaT gadaiWreba. marTalia, jer gamorkveul ar aris, daimsaxurebs
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis momaval moRvaweobiT xalxis
ndobas Tu ara (social-demokratiul skamebze xmaurobaa. arseniZe:
ooo!), magram erTi-ki axlave unda vaRiaroT: Tu damfuZnebeli kre­
bis muSaobis dawyebisTanave Cven misi prestiJis dacemas xeli Sevu­

68
wyveT, maSin Cven metaT cud samsaxurs gavuwevT mis momavals. yvela
partiebi, romelTac am Cvens krebaSi yavT warmomadgenlebi, yovel­
dRe da yovelgan gaiZaxoden presis saSvalebiT, Tu sityviT, rom saqa­
rTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba aris namdvili baton-patroni saqarTve­
losio, rom saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam sruliad axlad unda
moawyos Cveni cxovrebis TiTqmis yoveli mxareo, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba aris uzenaesi srul uflebiani patroni qveynisao da sxva. Tu
es yvelaferi marTalia, maSin Cven damfuZnebeli kreba ufro maRla
unda davayenoT, vidre Cveulebrivi sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba. me
mesmis, rodesac saxelmwifoebriv-uflebrivi cxovreba Camoyalibebu­
lia raime garkveul formebSi, rodesac aris SemuSavebuli konsti­
tucia, romelic sazRvravs uflebebs sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebrivi
organoebisas, maSin daisvas sakiTxi, aqvs Tu ara, magaliTad, sakanon­
mdeblo dawesebulebas ufleba daiWiros esa Tu is piri. magram saqmec
sworeT imaSia, rom Cven jer ara gvaqs konstitucia, saxelmwifoe­
briv-uflebrivi cxovreba mowesrigebis stadiaSia, Cveni damfuZne­
beli kreba yvela arsebul saxelmwifoebriv organoebze da kerZo
pirebze ufro maRla sdgas da yovelgvari uflebiT mas SeuZlia is­
argeblos, radganac is TviTon aris yovelgvari iuridiul uflebis
wyaro. Tu Cven gaviTvaliswinebT yvela amas, zedmeti iqneba imaze
laparaki, rom damfuZnebel krebas, an mis mier arCeul da ndobiT aR­
Wurvil komisias ufleba ar aqvs kerZo piri daapatimros, Tu amas res­
publikis interesi moiTxovs. gana SesaZlebelia warmovidginoT Cvens
respublikaSi iseTi piri, romelsac meti ufleba mivaniWoT, vidre
damfuZnebel krebas? magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, yovel gen­
eral-gubernators da TiTqmis yovel komisars ufleba aqvs droebiT
daiWiros da satusaRoSi gaagzavnos respublikis moqalaqe, Tu amas
isini saWirod dainaxaven. Tu es ufleba miniWebuli aqvs kerZo pirebs
_ moxeleebs, ratom aseTi uflebiT ar unda aRiWurvos damfuZnebel­
ma krebam Tavis Semadgenlobidan arCeuli ramodenime piri, romelnic
imave dros, rogorc xalxis mier arCeulni, metis ndobis Rirsni ar­
ian. federalistebis fraqciis warmomadgenelma dRes gailaSqra ax­
alcixis komisiisTvis daWeris uflebis miniWebis winaaRmdeg, magram
ratom federalistebi ar ilaSqreben general gubernatoris imave
uflebis winaaRmdeg. am sakiTxSi erTi ram udavoa, is rom damfuZnebel
krebas sruli ufleba aqvs daiWiros yoveli moqalaqe, romlis daka­
vebas moiTxovs saxelmwifos interesi. agreTve krebas sruli ufleba
aqvs ganaxorcielos es daWeris ufleba, an TviTon an da sxva pirebis
saSvalebiT. axalcixis komisia erTxmaT iyo krebis mier arCeuli da
Tu is adgilobriv, gamoZiebis dros, romelime piris daWeras mizanSe­
wonil zomad miiCnevs, amis ufleba Tqven mas unda misceT. yovel kerZo
SemTxvevaSi rom Cven SegvekiTxos komisia, daiWiros Tu ara man esa Tu
is piri, rogorc amas zogierT oratori moiTxovs, es saqmes ki ar gaad­
vilebs da gaaumjobesebs, aramed ufro gaarTulebs da TviT daWeris

69
uflebac mizans ver miaRwevs, maSin ukeTesi iqneba, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba sul erTianad aiyaros aqedan, gadasaxldes axalcixis mazraSi,
TviTon gamoiZios saqme da daiWiros is, vis dakavebasac is saWirod
dainaxavs. magram amas, sabednieroT, arc saqmis mdgomareoba da arc
krebis-Rirseba ar moiTxovs, yvela amis gakeTeba SeuZlian TviT axal­
cixis komisias, romelsac unda mivaniWoT daWeris ufleba da es arc
saxelmwifroebriv sxva da sxva funqciebis erTi meoreSi areva da arc
komisiis mier sxvisi uflebis miTviseba iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, magram aq exla molaparake orato­
ris sityvaSi erTi adgili iyo, romlis uyuradRebod datoveba Seu­
Zleblad mimaCnia. aq iTqva: jer kidev kiTxva aris, damfuZnebeli kreba
daimsaxurebs Tu ara xalxis ndobaso. me mgoni rom am tribunidan aseT
laparaks adgili ar unda hqondes da vimedovneb, rom amieridan arc
eqneba adgili.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevr niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) batonebo! aq komisiis uflebebis winaaRmdeg
wamoayenes ori mosazreba. erTi ekuTvnis gvazavas. es aris formalu­
ri mosazreba. is ambobs, rom komisias, romelic airCia damfuZnebel­
ma krebam da gagzavna axalcixeSi, ar unda mieces ufleba, rom is Cae­
rios pirdapir administraciis moqmedebaSio. meore mosazreba aris
b. baraTaSvilisa, romelsac eSinia, rom ar moxdes areva sakanonmde­
blo da aRmasrulebel funqciebisa. me mgonia, rom orive es mosazre­
ba gaugebrobazea agebuli. b. gvazava aq urevs erTmaneTSi parlamen­
tarul weswyobilebas da im mdgomareobas, romelic arsebobs CvenSi
dRes. iuridiulad didi gansxvavebaa parlamentsa da damfuZnebel
krebas Soris. parlamenti moqmedobs saministros SemweobiT, is an­
dobs imas gansazRvrul aRmasrulebel Zalas da Semdeg SekiTxvis
saSualebiT mosTxovs pasuxs mTavrobas da Tu dainaxes, rom samin­
istro ver atarebs am xazs, romelic Seefereba mdgomareobas, ro­
melic gamomdinareobs kanonmdebelTa muSaobidan, maSin mTavrobas
undoblobas ucxadebs, da es ukanasknelic unda gadadges, magram is,
rac parlamentis Sesaxeb iTqmis, misaRebi ar aris damfuZnebel krebis
Sesaxeb. damfuZnebeli kreba exla hqmnis konstitucias, exla amyarebs
axal cxovrebas, da aqedan cxadia, rom mas aqvs iuridiulaTac, uzen­
aesi ufleba, is umaRlesi ufleba, romelic mas xalxma miando. aqedan
cxadia, rom, iuridiulis TvalsazrisiT mosazreba b. gvazavasi ver
uZlebs veraviTar kritikas. rac Seexeba im analogias, romelic gva­
zavam moiyvana, isic ar aris swore. sworeT dRes saqarTvelo ufro
autanel mdgomareobaSia, vidre iyo konventis dros safrangeTi. Cven
viciT, rom es damoukidebeli arseboba Cveni iSva 4 wlis saerTaSor­
iso omis Semdeg, rodesac xalxis ekonomiuri Zalebi sruliaT ganad­
gurebuli iyo. aseTs autanel mdgomareobaSi safrangeTi sruliad
ar imyofeboda. es erTi. meore, Cven viciT, rom Tumca safrangeTis wi­
naaRmdeg mTeli saxelmwifoebi iyvnen amxedrebulni, magram safran­

70
geTi Tavis ZalebiT, teritoriis sivrciT warmoadgenda did saxel­
mwifos da amas ki Cven ver vityviT saqarTveloze. saqarTvelo dRes
iZulebulia didi angariSi gauwios gareSe Zalebs. ai aseT pirobebSi,
rodesac yovel kuTxidan sxva da sxva elementebi, damrRvevi elemen­
tebi Cven gviwyoben ajanyebas, gana SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dRes ufro
karg mdgomareobaSi varT, vidre safrangeTi iyo, did revoliuciis
dros? es optimizmi araferze ar aris damyarebuli (gvazava: moigon­
eT noe Jorndanias sityva mSvidobianobaze). noe Jordanias sityvaSi,
batonebo, SedarebiT iyo aRniSnuli, rom im drosTan SedarebiT, ro­
melic arsebobda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis win,
Cven ukeTes pirobebSi vimyofebiT, magram, es kidev ar niSnavs imas,
viTom dRes saSiSroeba ar arsebobdes.
aseTivea b. baraTaSvilis azri. imas eSinia, rom moxdeba aRreva fun­
qciebisa; magram es ar aris marTali, radganac araviTar aRrevas adgili
ar eqneba. damfuZnebel krebis komisia, romelic moqmedobs axalcixis
mazraSi, aRWurvilia Cveni ndobiT da umaRles uflebiT, yvela adgi­
lobrivi Zala administraciisa am mxareSi unda emorCilebodes mas. ase
rom, is aris umaRlesi organo, umaRlesi warmomadgeneli am mxarisa da
saWiroa mxolod kontaqtisTvis, rom ecnobos mTavrobas, rom man Tavis
agentebis moqmedeba Seufardos am komisiis moqmedebas. es aris loRika
im debulebisa, romelic miviReT Cven. Cven vTqviT. rom komisias eZle­
va ufleba saTanado zomebis misaRebaT. exla b. gvazavam brZana, rom es
saTanado ufleba Turme gamoixateba imaSi, rom milicias an gamomZieb­
els moaxsenos saqmis viTareba. me bodiSs vixdi, magram Zalian makvir­
vebs rom, rodesac Tqven aseT dadgenilebas aZlevdiT xmas, rodesac
b. baraTaSvili hfiqrobs, rom, is irCevda komisias im azriT, rom komis­
ia aasrulebs ubralo gamomZieblis rols, is daemorCileba adgilo­
briv administracias. me mgonia rom es SeugneblaT, rasakvirvelia,
damcirebaa damfuZnebel krebis uflebisa. me vambob mxolod imaze, rac
davadgineT, rom komisiam unda miiRos saTanado zomebi, da es saTanado
zomebi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom umaRlesi kontroli unda awarmovos, _
da im komisiam, romelic Cven gavgzavneT, _ unda miiRos yoveli saWiro
zomebi. ise, rom aq axali araferia. da vimeoreb sxvanairad arc Segve­
Zlo gveTqva, radgan damfuZnebel krebis komisia romelic Cven gavgza­
vneT axalcixis mazraSi, aRWurvili unda iyos uzenaes uflebebiT.

soc. dem. da er. demok. winadadebani.

Tavmjdomare. sityva aravis nebavs. maSasadame kamaTi Sewyvetilia.


aq Semosulia ori rezoliucia: erTi social-demokratiul fraq­
ciisa, da meore erovnul demokratebisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
konstantine jafariZe. (kiTxulobs) „Tanaxmad 14 martis sxdomaze
miRebul rezoliuciisa, sagangebo komisias, romelic gagzavnilia ax­

71
alcixis mazraSi, ufleba aqvs saWiroebisamebr gasces gankarguleba
borotmoqmedTa da moRalateTa dasatusaReblad, misces aseTi pire­
bi samarTalSi ganurCevlaT maTi mdgomareobisa da Tanamdebobisa“.

soc. demok. fraqcia.

erovnul-demokratiuli fraqcia winaaRmdegi aris mieniWos is


ufleba romelsac aq moiTxoven.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame ori umTavresi winadadeba aris: erTi
mom­xre da meore sawinaaRmdego. vin aris momxre rom dadasturebu­
li iqmnes Suamdgomloba axalcixeSi gagzavnil komisiis Tavmjdom­
arisa? kenWs uyri pirvel rezoliucias. (kenWis yra) didi umetesoba
momxre gaxlavT. maSasadame pirveli rezoliucia komisiis Sesaxeb
iqneba aseTi: „Tanaxmad 14 martis sxdomaze miRebul rezoliuciisa,
sagangebo komisias, romelic gagzavnilia axalcixis mazraSi, ufleba
aqvs saWiroebisamebr gasces gankarguleba borot moqmedTa da moRa­
lateTa dasatusaReblad, misces aseTi pirebi samarTalSi ganurCev­
lad maTi mdgomareobisa da Tanamdebobisa“.
ai maSasadame gadawyvetileba damfuZnebel krebisa.

mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.

Tavmjdomare. exla neba miboZeT gadavideT mesame sakiTxze: mTav­


robis Sedgenis Sesaxeb. sanam sityvas mivcemde unda mogaxsenoT Sem­
deg qaRaldis Sinaarsi:
„Cemi Tanamdebobis asrulebas droebiT vandob gareSe saqmeTa min­
istrs evgeni petres-Zes gegeWkors.“
saqarTvelos respublikis
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania.

es cnobisTvis mogaxseneT. exla sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmo­


madgenels.

mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis gancxadeba

axali kabineTis Sedgenis Sesaxeb.

mTavr. Tavmjd. moadgile evgeni gegeWkori. mTavrobis davalebiT,


maqvs pativi vauwyo damfuZnebel krebas, rom man ukve Seayena mTavro­
ba Semdegi SemadgomlobiT:

72
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare:
noe nikolozis Ze Jordania.
sagareo saqmeTa da iusticiis ministri:
evgeni petres Ze gegeWkori.
Sinagan saqmeTa, saxalxo ganaTlebis da samxedro saqmeTa ministri:
noe visarionis Ze ramiSvili.
miwad moqmedebis, Sromis da gzaTa ministri:
noe giorgis Ze xomeriki.
finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministri:
konstantine platonis Ze kandelaki.
(damfuZnebeli kreba mxurvale taSiT egebeba mTav. Tav. moadgilis
gancxadebas).

mTavrobis deklaracia.

evgeni petres Ze gegeWkori. mTavroba akeTebs Semdeg gancxadebas:


moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
asrulda saqarTvelos eris survili. Sesdga suverenuli organo,
damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic mowodebulia SeimuSaos respublikis
konstitucia da mtkice niadagze daamkvidros damoukidebeli saxel­
mwifo, mTavroba, rogorc aRmasrulebeli organo damfuZnebeli kre­
bisa da pasuxis mgebeli mis winaSe, miznad isaxavs demokratiis inter­
esTa dacvas. revoliuciis monapovarTa ganmtkiceba da gafarToveba
damoukidebel saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSi _ ai is mTavari
mizani, rasac emsaxureba axlad Semdgari mTavroba. yvelasaTvis cxa­
dia, rom demokratiuli saqarTvelo arasodes ar Seurigdeba poli­
tikur monobas da qeds ar moixris mowinaaRmdegeTa winaSe, romelnic
mis arsebobas emuqrebian (taSi).
marTalia Cvens norC respublikas win kidev mravali dabrkole­
ba eRobeba: msoflio samSvidobo kongress Tavisi ukanaskneli sity­
va Cveni damoukideblobis Sesaxeb ar warmouTqvams, magram Cven sru­
li imediT SevyurebT momavals. xalxi, romelmac sZlia reaqcia da
anarqia, moigeria ucxo ZalTa Tavdasxma, eWvs gareSea SeinarCunebs
da uzrunvelhyofs Tavisufal politikur arsebobas. didma brita­
neTma, romelmac CvenSi fexi Semodga da romelTanac Cven veswrafviT
urTierT interesebis uzrunvelyofiT daaxlovebas, ukve aRviTq­
va Cveni damoukideblobis aRiareba. saqarTvelos mTavroba mow­
adinebulia mokavSireTa danarCen saxelmwifoebTanac SeTanxmebis
miRwevas da maTi daxmarebiT saerTaSoriso ojaxSi srul uflebian
wevraT Caricxvas.
Cven siamovnebiT aRvniSnavT, rom mezobeli saxelmwifoni _ som­
xeTi, aderbeijani da mTielTa respublika, romelTanac Cven veltviT

73
ganvamtkicoT keTilmezobluri urTierToba, sabolood daadgnen da­
moukidebel saxelmwifoebrivobis gzas, xolo es saukeTeso Tavdebia
maTTan mWidro kavSiris damyarebisa da saerTo ZalRoniT Cveni poli­
tikuri Tavisuflebis dacvisa.
saqarTvelos sagareo, agreTve saSinao mdgomareobas metis metad
arTulebs msoflio omiT gamowveuli ekonomikuri da social-poli­
tikuri krizisi, romelic Cven Tvalwin axal-axal qveynebs moedva da,
romelic, TandaTan viTardeba da Rrmavdeba. magram Cven darwmunebu­
li varT, rom saqarTvelos demokratiis Semoqmedeba da unari sZlevs
am dabrkolebaT da evropaSi mosalodnel cvlilebas CvenSi mSromel­
Ta batonobis gansamtkiceblad gamoiyenebs.
moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! mTavroba Tavis movale­
baT racxs aSkarad ganacxados, rom saqarTvelos ganapira kuTxeebSi
bneli reaqcionuri elementebi scdiloben respublikis damxobas da
am mizniT gareSe Zalebs iSvelieben. afxazeTsa da samuslimano saqa­
rTvelos mTavroba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas apyrobs. Cveni mizania
am kuTxeeebSi Taviseburi ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa, adgilobrivi
ZalebiT Sinauri marTva-gamgeobis mowyoba da deda samSoblosTan
SegnebulaT dakavSireba. abxazeTis saxalxo sabWos mowveviT, romel­
ic arCeulia sayovelTao, Tanaswori, pirdapiri, faruli da propor­
cionaluri sistemiT orive sqesis mier, ukve Caeyara safuZveli afxaz­
eTis saqmeTa am niadagze mowesrigebas.
saqarTvelos mTavroba mwvaveT grZnobs samuslimano saqarTvelos
didi nawilis droebiT CamoSorebas da scdilobs istoriuli us­
amarTlobis gamosworebas da mTliani respublikis farglebSi mTeli
samuslimano saqarTvelos Tavmoyras.
mTavrobas ganzraxuli aqvs droebiT qal. axalcixeSi samuslima­
no saqarTvelos mmarTvelobis Sedgena da am mxareSi demokratiul
reformaTa ganxorcieleba.
mTavroba darwmunebulia, rom am kuTxeebis SemoerTeba da kul­
turuli aRorZineba aucilebeli pirobaa Cveni respublikis nor­
maluri ganviTarebisa da TviT arsebobisac ki. Cven vimedovnebT, rom
samarTliani miswrafeba saqarTvelos erisa hpoebs srul TanagrZno­
bas mokavSire saxelmwifoTa mxriv.
respublikis farglebSi yvela moqalaqe ganurCevlad erovnebisa
da rwmenisa Tanaswori politikuri uflebiT sargeblobs _ mTavro­
ba miznaT isaxavs Seqmnas pirobebi yvela erTa kulturul erovnul
uflebaTa sruli uzrunvelyofis da maTi ganviTarebis. Cvens mdgo­
mareobas ar Seefereba marTva-gamgeobis is rTuli sistema, romelic
gvianderZa ruseTis imperiam.
mTavroba miznaT isaxavs marTva-gamgeobis gamartivebas. is Seec­
deba savsebiT daeyrdnos TviTmarTvelobis organoebs, romelTac
mieniWaT ufleba adgilobriv marTva gamgeobisa da romelnic xalxTan
daaxlovebulni arian. mTavroba axlo momavalSi SemoiRebs saerobo

74
TviTmarTvelobas im mazrebSi, romelnic jer kidev moklebulni ari­
an am instituts da daCqarebiT Seudgeba wvril saerobo erTeulobis
mowyobas, romelnic demokratiuli respublikis safuZvels warmoad­
genen da xalxis batonobas ganamtkiceben.
mxolod am gziT SeiZleba Seqmna iseTis adgilobrivi adminis­
traciisa, romelic kanonTa da gankargulebaTa erTguli aRmasrule­
beli iqneba da xalxs namdvil samsaxurs gauwevs.
respublikis ganmtkiceba sasamarTlos reformis damTavrebas da
mis amuSavebas moiTxovs. pirvel rigSi mTavroba Seecdeba nafic msa­
julTa institutis dauyovlebliv ganxorcielebas da umaRles sa­
samarTlos daarsebas.
mTavroba aRniSnavs, rom omis xanaSi mraval moaruli seni gav­
rcelda da xalxs fizikur ganadgurebas uqadis. mTavroba adgilo­
briv TviTmarTvelobebTan SeTanxmebiT Seecdeba dauyovnebliv Sesaf­
eri zomebis miRebas da sanitaruli saqmis gaumjobesebas.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofaT da demokrati­
uli wyobilebis gansamtkiceblad mTavroba miznad isaxavs sayovel­
Tao SeiaraRebis dakanonebas. amave dros Cven SevecdebiT davrazmoT
moZravi da sakmaod gawvrTnili mudmivi jari, romelic saxalxo gvar­
diasTan erTad ikisrebs respublikis Sinaur da gareSe mterTagan
dacvas (taSi).
umiwawylo da mcire mamulian glexTa miwiT uzrunvelsayofad
mTavroba ganagrZobs agraruli reformis daCqarebiT ganxorciele­
bas da xels Seuwyobs intensiuri sasoflo meurneobis aRorZinebas.
mTavroba upirveles movaleobaT racxs aRniSnos mwvave finansiu­
ri krizisi, rasac respublika ganicdis. savsebiT mowyvetili mravali
Tvis ganmavlobaSi msoflio bazars da samrewvelo centrebs, saxel­
mwifo iZulebuli iyo mravalgvari moTxovnilebani mxoloT saku­
Tari ZaliT daekmayofilebina. biujetis Seuferebelma zrdam, raica
gamowveuli iyo saxelmwifos araCveulebrivi xarjebiT, gamoiwvia
bonebis zedmeti beWdva.
mTavroba miznaT isaxavs xarjebis Semoklebas da biujetis axlo
momavalSi mogvarebas, gadasaxadebis axal sistemis gamomuSavebas mS­
romelTa interesebis uzrunvelyofiT da Semosavlis axali wyaroebis
gamonaxvas, sakredito operaciebis mowesrigebas, saxelmwifo qoneba­
Ta finansiuri keTildReobisaTvis gamoyenebas da am gziT krizisis
ganelebas da safrTxis Tavidan acdenas.
mTavroba darwmunebulia, rom saRi finansiuri meurneoba moiTxovs
ucxoeTTan gacvla-gamocvlis mowesrigebas da sawarmovo ZalTa ganvi­
Tarebas. am mizniT mTavroba Seecdeba farTo asparezi gauxsnas kerZo
iniciativas rogorc warmoebis, ise aReb-micemobis sferoSi, xolo
spekuliaciis winaaRmdeg miRebul iqneba gansakuTrebuli zomebi.
mTavroba xels Seuwyobs soflad intensiuri meurneobis gaCaRe­
bas, agredve respublikis farglebSi axal sawarmovo dargebis Seq­

75
mnas. amave mizniT mTavroba Seecdeba ekonomikuri da finansuri poli­
tikis mezobel respublikebTan SeTanxmebiT mogvarebas.
mTavroba siamovnebiT aRniSnavs, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarT­
velobani da kooperatiuli sazogadoebani dRiTi dRe magrdebian
sawarmovo da saaRebmicemo asparezze da farTo Semoqmedebis unars
iCenen. mTavroba miznaT isaxavs maT daxmarebas, am gziT sazogadoebriv
sakuTrebis gafarToebas da mis xalxis sakeTildReoT gamoyenebas.
mTavroba mTeli Tavisi Zal-RoniT Seecdeba Sromis interesebis
dacvas da socialuri kanonmdeblobis farTo safuZvelze agebas amave
dros mas saWirod miaCnia aRiaros, rom Sromis nayofiereba sagrZno­
blad daeca. xolo es erTi mizezTagania ekonomiuri arev-darevisa da
sanovagesi da sxva saqonelze fasebis awevisa. mTavroba miznaT isaxavs
xeli Seuwyos Sromis nayofierebis zrdas da am saqmeSi is daeyrdnoba
Segnebul muSaTa banaks, darwmunebuli, rom es aucilebeli gzaa ekono­
miuri cxovrebis aRorZinebisa da mSromelTa batonobis gan­mtkicebisa.
sasursaTo krizisi TandaTan mwvavdeba. mTavroba scdilobs mis
ganelebas sazogadoebriv ZalTa amoqmedebiT, TviTmarTvelobaTa da
koperativTa am saqmis garSemo SekavSirebiT da imedovnebs, rom saer­
To Zal-RoniT SesZlebs am saqmis mogvarebas da mosalodnel safrTxis
Tavidan acilebas.
pirveldawyebiTi skolebi ukve gadaeca adgilobriv TviTmarT­
velobebs. mTavroba dauyonebliv Seudgeba TviTmarTvelobebTan
SeTanxmebiT pirvel dawyebiTi ufaso savaldebulo da sayovelTao
swavla ganaTlebis SemoRebas. mTavrobis mizania agreTve saSualo
skolebisa qalaqTa da erobaTa xelSi gadacema. amave dros mTavroba
aRniSnavs, rom Tanamedrove skola daSorebulia cxovrebas. mTavro­
ba Seecdeba samoswavlo gegmis ZiriTad gadasinjvas, saswavlebelTa
axali tipis gamomuSavebas da umTavres miznaT isaxavs xalxSi pro­
fesionalur-texnikur da sameurneo codnis gavrcelebas da skolis
axal safuZvelze agebas.
mTavroba Tavis movaleobaT aRiarebs axlo momavalSi ganaxor­
cielos eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gancalkeveba.
mravalgvari da mZime movaleoba ekisreba mTavrobas, magram Cven
imedi gvaqvs, rom damfuZnebeli krebis karnaxiT da misi aqtiuri
monawileobiT marTva-gamgeobis saqmeebSi Cven vsZlevT dabrkolebebs,
davicvaT respublikis damoukideblobas, SevinarCunebT da gavafar­
ToebT revoliuciis monapovarT. (mxurvale taSi).
Tavmjdomare. rogorc dainaxavdiT es ori sakiTxi: gancxadeba
mTavrobisa mTavrobis Sedgenis Sesaxeb da deklaracia mTavrobisa,
gakeTebulia.
tribunidan erTad moxsenebuli iyo mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris
moadgilis mier. exla rogor inebebT, moisurvebT, Tu ara gancxadebis
da deklaraciis Sesaxeb dResve kamaTs? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
kedias.

76
fraqciaTa gancxadeba.

spiridon kedia. (er. dem.) sazogadod SemoRebuli aris rom fraq­


ciebi winaswar gaecnobian xolme mTavrobis deklaracias pasuxis ga­
sacemad. (xma: sad aris, romel qveyanaSia?) radganac dRes es ese ar iyo,
saWiroa, rom fraqciebma mosmenis Semdeg kargad ganixilon mTavrobis
deklaracia. amitom me moviTxov, rom pasuxi deklaraciaze, iqmnes Sem­
deg krebisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili. (s.f.) mTavrobis deklaraciis ganxilva metad
seriozuli da mniSvnelovania, amitom yvela fraqcias unda hqondes
saSualeba gaecnos am deklaracias, aswonos deklaracia, da amis da
mixedviT Tavisi daskvna moaxsenos damfuZnebel krebas.
aqamdis aseTi adaTi iyo CvenSi. mTavroba Tavis deklaracias
dabeWdils ugzavnida fraqciebs, fraqciebi ixilavdnen da amitom
xSirad, xSirad ki ara, iyo imisTana SemTxvevebi, rom imave dRes mTav­
robas gasces pasuxi dRes es ar momxdara, amitom moviTxovdiT, rom
deklaraciis ganxilva gadidos Semdeg sxdomisaTvis, da es kreba dain­
iSnos ara uadres kvirisa. Tu Tqven moaxdenT xvalisTvis krebas, es
naCqarevi iqneba da Cven ver movaswrebT deklaraciis ganxilvas. (ar­
seniZe: neba momeciT)
Tavmjdomare. keTil inebeT da reglamentis muxli SeasruleT. si­
tyva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.d.) me mgoni, rom partiebi da fraqciebi erTi
erTmaneTs arc ise daSorebulni arian, rom ar icodnen, ra mimar­
Tulebisa aris esa Tu is mTavroba, Tu ragvar mTavar xazs aiRebs mTav­
roba Tavis deklaraciaSi. SeiZleba mxolod detalebze, vilaparakoT,
wvrilmanebze da ara mTavarze, da amitom imis Tqma, rom ar vici ra
moxdao, es aris ubralo mizezebi.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, me saWirod mimaCnia, ganvacxado fraqci­
is saxeliT rom es sabuTi dakmayofilebuli iyos, da mainc da mainc
fraqciebs mieces saSualeba TavianTi ufro dasabuTebuli, azri ga­
mosTqvan. am mosazrebiT Tanaxma varT, rom deklaraciis ganxilva ga­
didos Semdeg krebamdis.
rac Seexeba imas, rom Semdegi kreba gavagrZeloT da gavaWianurod
orSabaTisTvis Tu samSabaTisTvis, me es Seufereblad mimaCnia da mi­
zan Seuwonelad. da ai ra mosazrebiT. erTi imitom, rom mxolod mas
Semdeg ra damTavrdeba kamaTi gamoirkveva davamtkicebT mTavrobas
misi SemadgenlobiT, Tu uarvyofT mas. mxolod damtkicebis Semdeg
miecema mTavrobas saSualeba muSaobisa. marTalia gardamavali xanaa
or sam dRes didi mniSvneloba ara aqvso, ityvian, magram me unda gan­
vacxado, rom dRevandel dRes, dRevandel mdgomareobaSi, xandisxan,
saaTic bevrs niSnavs aramc Tu dReebi. TviTeul dRes umTavrobod
darCenils umTavrobod datovebuls, SeuZlia didi ziani moutanos

77
respublikas, gansakuTrebiT exlandel xanaSi. amitom me Cven vadge­
varT im azrs, rom kreba gadidos Semdeg dRisTvis.
me mgoni yvela fraqciebi moaswroben, rac mosaazrebeli aqvT, moi­
azron da TavianTi pasuxi gascen mTavrobis deklaracias.
Tavmjdomare. rogorc sCans krebis gadadebis winaaRmdeg aravin
aris. neba momeciT es winadadeba miRebulad CavTvalo.
damfuZnebeli kreba momxrea, rom sxdoma gadadebuli iyos. rac
Sexeba imas, Tu rodis dainiSnos kreba, amis Sesaxeb aris winadadeba
xval 22-marts 12 saaTze. sxva winadadeba ar gaxlavs. (gvazava: aris!)
keTil inebeT da gamogzavneT.
meore winadadeba gaxlavT erovnul-demokratebisa, rom kreba
daniSnul iyos kviras 23-marts.
vin aris momxre, rom kreba dainiSnos xval 22-marts?
maSasadame miRebulia. kreba daniSnulia xvalisTvis. vin aris
momxre rom dainiSnos 12 saaTze?
didi umravlesoba momxre aris, rom dainiSnos xval 12-saaTze.
sxva sakiTxebi dRiur wesrigSi ar aris.
maSasadame krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 30 wuTze.

78
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

mexuTe sxdoma

SabaTi, 1919 wlis martis 22. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZe.
sxdoma iwyeba 12 s. 15 w.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT, mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs)

dRiuri wesrigi.

1) msjeloba mTavrobis deklaraciis Sesaxeb da


2) samandato komisiis moxseneba.
Tavmjdomare. ra wesiT moisurvebT wesrigis ganxilvas, im wesiT,
romelic mogaxsenaT mdivanma, Tu SescvliT wesrigs? vis surs sityva
aiRos? (g. gvazava: jer samandato komisiis moxseneba movisminoT!)
msurveli aravin aris, maSasadame Tqven moismenT am sakiTxebs ise,
rogorc Setanilia.
jer msjelobas iqoniebT mTavrobis deklaraciis Sesaxeb, da mer­
meT moismenT samandato komisiis moxsenebas.
mTavrobis deklaraciis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mes­
xiSvils.

79
Salva aleqsi-mesxiSvilis sityva.

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! dRevandel rTul da me­


tis metad sapasuxismgeblo momentSi, didi mniSvneloba aqvs im samo­
qmedo gegmas, romliTac unda ixelmZRvanelos mTavrobam.
Cven movismineT guSin mTavrobis deklaracia, romelic miznad
isaxavs daicvas demokratiis interesebi, ganamtkicos da gaafarTo­
vos revoliuciis monapovari damoukidebel saqarTvelos respub­
likis farglebSi. Cvens, socialist-federalistebis mizansac Sead­
gens damoukidebel saqarTvelos respublikis ganmtkiceba, mSromeli
xalxis interesebis dacva da misi poziciebis imdenad gamagreba, rom
momavalSi igi momzadebuli daxvdes sruls ganTavisuflebas. magram
Cven miuReblad migvaCnia gza, romliTac mTavroba apirebs siaruls.
gamoqveynebuli deklaracia zogierTis damatebiT TiTqmis ar gansx­
vavdeba winandel deklaraciisagan. aRnusxul gegmas mniSvneloba
hqonda saqarTvelos politikur damoukideblobis ganmtkicebisaT­
vis. es sakiTxi, rogorc aRniSna mTavrobis angariSSi b-ma noe Jorda­
niam da rasac xazs usvams mTavrobis deklaracia, dRes bevrad ukeT­
ess pirobebSia, vidre saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis
dros. partiaTa SeerTebuli Zala aucileblad saWiro iyo da Tval­
saCino Sedegebsac miaRwia. dRes ki metis metad garTulebul da gam­
wvavebul pirobebSi Sin da gared, deklaraciaSi aRniSnuli zomebi
sakmarisad aRar gamodgebian.
gadaxedeT, moqalaqeno, ra xdeba CvenSi!
revoliuciis ganmavlobaSi soflis meurneobis garda, romlis
nayofi Cvens ers ar hyofnis, Cveni mcire industrialuri warmoeba
sruliad daeca.
materialuri Rirebuleba Zalian naklebad mzaddeba, kapital­
izmi ganviTarebulia metad sustad da imedi kerZo iniciativis amoZ­
ravebisa, rogorc es deklaraciaSia aRniSnuli, marTali ar aris.
mokle xanSi kerZo iniciativa verafers Sehqmnis, miT umetesad,
rom kapitalistebi gaurbian mrewvelobas, radganac eSinianT gar­
damavali xanisa da Tanac ar kmayofildebian im sargebliT, romelic
SeuZlian moitanos normalurad dayenebulma warmoebam. amas arCeven
spekuliacias da ukve arsebul saqonelze saSinlad fasebis awevas.
saerTaSoriso omma da revoliuciam iseTi pirobebi Sehqmna Cvens
gareSe, rom faqtiur blokadas ganvicdiT da mokle xanSi aReb-mice­
mobis mowesrigeba da saqonlis Semotana ver moewyoba.
TviT mTavroba aRniSnavs, Tu ra mdgomareobaSia Cveni finansebi.
ar gvaqvs garkveuli finansiuri sistema; auarebel bonebis beWdam
sxva pirobebTan erTad sruliad dasca bonebis fasi. saxelmwifos xar­
ji saSineli aqvs, Semosavali ki metad mcire.
muSaTa da saxelmwifo mosamsaxureTa mdgomareoba pirdapir au­
tanelia. jamagiri, romelic SeuZlian mTavrobas misces, upirveles

80
moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas ver gaswvdeba. es ki pasuxismgeblo­
bis sisustesTan erTad hqmnis niadags im aRviraxsnil qurdobis da
meqrTameobisaTvis, romlis mowameni Cvena varT. magram didi umrav­
lesoba simSils ganicdis. am metad seriozul kiTxvas jamagiris mo­
matebiT ver uSveliT. bonebis fasi iseTis siswrafiT ecema, rom jama­
giris momateba saqmes ver moagvarebs.
b-bo! es mkrTali suraTia imis, rac xdeba Cvens gareSe.
Cven mowameni varT ruseTSi da evropaSi Sromisa da kapitalis, so­
cializmisa da imperializmis brZolisa. brZola titaniuria. veTanx­
mebiT Tu ara brZolis meTodebs, erTi ram aSkaraa. saerTaSoriso
omisagan gamowveulma krizisma daupirispira erTi meores ori banaki.
revoliucionurma qarcecxlma naTlad daanaxva TviT imperialisteb­
sac ki, rom Zveli socialuri urTierTobaTa dabruneba SeuZlebelia.
es aSkarad gamoiTqva inglisis mrewvelTa yrilobaze, amave azrs adga
germaniaSi damfuZnebeli kreba. miudgomel meTvalyurisaTvis aSka­
ra unda iyos, rom Cven vimyofebiT gardamaval xanaSi da dResve unda
Caeyaros mtkice saZirkveli momaval socialistur wyobilebas. amiT
imis Tqma ki ar minda, TiTqos dResve SeiZlebodes socializmis ganx­
orcieleba. ara. me mxolod aRvniSnav, rom TviT imperialistebic ki
grZnoben seriozul socialur gardaqmnis aucileblobas, social­
istebi ki movaleni arian, sadac ki maT SeuZlianT, gaSalon Semoqmedeb­
iTi niWi da mtkice niadagi moupovon socialistur weswyobilebas. ai
mokled obieqturi pirobebi, romelSiac uxdeba moqmedeba saqarTve­
los mTavrobas da saWiroa seriozuli gegma, rom am mdgomareobidan
saqarTvelos mSromeli xalxi gamarjvebuli gamovides.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobas advilad veravin mospobs, Tu
TviT CvenSi ar dagvangria cxovrebis mouwesrigeblobam. socialis­
turi mTavroba, socialistur damfuZnebel krebis ndobiT aRWurvi­
li, valdebulia gabeduli nabijebi gadadgas, Torem im gziT, romel­
ic deklaraciaSia naCvenebi da radikalebs ufro SeeferebaT, vidre
socialistebs, verafers gaxdeba.
sursaT-sanovagis, ekonomiuris da finansiuri krizisis asacde­
nad, mTavroba ver daeyrdnoba kerZo iniciativis da kapitalizmis
umtkivneulod ganviTarebas.
sruliad unda Seicvalos arsebuli gegma warmoebisa soflad da
qalaqSi. soflis meurneobaSi, mrewveloba-aRebmicemaSi mTavroba
unda miiswrafodes, sadac ki SesaZloa, koleqtivizaciisaken.
Zirianad unda Seicvalos parlamentis mier miRebuli agraruli
kanoni, romlis cxovrebaSi gatarebas mTavroba apirebs. amis magier
unda gatardes miwis socializacia. mTavroba yovelmxriv unda daex­
maros koleqtiur warmoebas soflad. amiT Seiqmneba erTad erTi saRi
niadagi soflis meurneobis ayvavebisaTvis.
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobaTa, erobaTa da saxelmwifos xelSi unda
gadavides warmoebis yvela dargi, romelsac massiuri xasiaTi aqvs.

81
yvelafris CamoTvla saWiro ar aris; imas garda, rac ukve gansazoga­
doebrivebulia, me miuTiTeb, magaliTad kreditis centralizaciaze
saxelmwifos xelSi, sursaT sanovagis saqmes, samTamadno mrewvelo­
bas, binebis sakiTxs, eleqtroniT sargeblobas, afTiaqebs, zogierT
qarxnebs da bevr sx.
erTis sityviT yvelgan, sadac ki SesaZlebelia, mTavroba unda
cdilobdes ekonomiur cxovrebis umTavress dargTa sazogadoebriv
organizaciaTa xelSi gadacemas.
gansakuTrebiTi yuradReba unda mieqces kooperatiul moZraobis
ganviTarebas da maT daxmarebas saxelmwifos mier. marTalia, mTavro­
bis deklaraciaSi sxvaTa Soris esec moxsenebulia, magram swored es
unda Seiqmnas mTavrobis moqmedebis deda boZad. rasakvirvelia, me ar
moviTxov kerZo iniciativis mospobas. dRevandel pirobebSi es Seu­
Zlebelicaa, magram mTavrobis ekonomiuri sistema amas verc daemyare­
ba da arc unda daemyaros.
socialur urTierTobis gardaqmnaSi TviT mTavrobam unda ga­
moiCinos iniciativa da ara morcxvad ambobdes, rogorc es deklara­
ciaSia, rom, Tu evropaSi moxda rame sasargeblo mSromel xalxisTvis,
amiT visargebloTo. ase kiTxvis dayeneba SeuZlebelia.
mxolod zemoaRniSnuli gabeduli azriT da ara kapitalizmis fe­
tiSad gadaqceviT, mTavroba Seqmnis saR niadags ekonomiur da finan­
siur mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad.
erTs garemoebas minda moviqcio kidev Tqveni yuradReba.
Tu mTavrobam alRo ar auRo Tanamedrove moments, cxovreba Tavi­
sas mainc gaitans da amiT SeiZleba sababi mieces anarqiul elementebs
socializmis saxeliT Cvensken gamoilaSqron. agvir dagvireven wesi­
erebas da mizanSewonil, saR saxelmwifo Semoqmedebis magier CvenSi
gaCaRdeba anarqia da samoqalaqo omi.
sagareo politikaSi Cven dRevandlamdis garemoebaTa mixedviT
imperialistur saxelmwifoebTan gvqonda saqme. Cveni mTavrobis mova­
levobaa exla daiWiros kavSiri da iqonios meti urTierToba social­
istur elementebTan Cvens gareSe da evropaSi.
yvela am mosazrebaTa gamo mTavrobis gegma ar migvaCnia mizanSe­
wonilad. Cvenis Rrma rwmeniT, Tu mTavrobam ar Sescvala radikalu­
rad Tavisi gegma, mizans ver miaRwevs da Cven, gamsWvalulni diadis
mizniT saqarTvelos respublikis ganmtkicebisa da mSromel xalxis
sabolood gamarjvebisa, vawarmoebT kritikas yvela nabijebisas, ro­
melnic ewinaaRmdegebian Cvengan aRniSnul gegmas.
moqalaqeno! damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva diadi faqtia yoveli
eris cxovrebaSi. es faqti aRniSnuli unda iyos. me movelodi mTav­
robis deklaraciaSi gancxadebas amnistiis Sesaxeb, magram ver vnaxe
igi. Cven moviTxoveT, rom gamocxadebuli iyos sruli amnistia yve­
la politikur damnaSaveTaTvis da Seumsubuqdes sasjeli ubralo
borotmomqmedT.

82
neba miboZeT, exla fraqciis davalebiT wavikiTxo socialist fe­
deralistTa deklaracia.

deklaracia

socialist federalistTa fraqciisa.

saqarTvelos moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


1919 wlis martis 12 iseve aRibeWdeba saqarTvelos istoriis
furclebze, rogorc SarSandeli maisis 27-i. dafuZnebelma krebam
unda daagvirgvinos saqarTvelos ganTavisufleba. ganamtkicos misi
politikuri saxe da Seudges xalxis cxovrebis socialur gardaqmnas.
bevri da mZime samuSaoa Cvens win. xalxi elis damfuZnebel krebisa­
gan dids Semoqmedebas. magram momaval muSaobis gegmis naTelsayofad
saWiroa mokled warsulis gaTvaliswineba.
ruseTis revoliuciam daamsxvria TviTmpyrobeloba, daSala Zveli
ru­seTi. axalis Seqmna SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod yvela nawilis gaTanas­
worebiT.
revoliuciis pirvelma xelmZRvanelebma amas droze alRo ver
auRes da damarcxdnen kidec. oqtombris revoliucia gaRrmaveba iyo
ruseTis revoliuciisa. magram erebis Tavisufleba, TviTgamorkvevis
uflebis diadi lozungi imxanadac mxolod sityvebad darCa. saqarT­
velom ki es lozungi revoliuciisa ganaxorciela da amas mowmobs
dRevandeli Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba.
amitom vambobT Cven, rom saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ruseTis
revoliuciis Sedegia, misi erT-erT diad lozungis xorcSesxmaa. da
es garemoeba gvavalebs revoliuciis pirveli dRe iseTsave didmniS­
vnelovan dRed aRviaroT, rogorc maisis 26 da martis 12.
moqalaqeno! Cven SevTanxmdiT social-demokratiasTan qarTveli
eris Tavisuflebis formis Sesaxeb. da es forma dRevandel pirobeb­
Si damoukideblobaa. social-demokratiam Tavs idva saxelmwifoe­
briobis Seqmna da gantkiceba. Cven partias Tavdapirveladve miznad
hqonda dasaxuli saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis Camoyalibeba,
imitom rom Cven erovnuli Tavisufleba migvaCnda saukeTesod da
aucilebel pirobad socialur Tanasworobis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
social-demokratiac am gzas daadga. Cvenc mTeli ZalRoniT SeudeqiT
mSobeli xalxis samsaxurs maTTan erTad da ara dagvizogavs ra brZo­
lis velze, Tu samoqalaqo saamSeneblo muSaobaSi.
Cvens ers iSviaTad axsovs iseTi gansacdelebi, rogoric daaty­
da SarSan. osmaleTma mogvwyvita samusulmano saqarTvelo da gala­
Rebuli eSureboda tfilisisa da quTaisisaken. bolSevikuri ruse­
Ti gvemuqreboda. mezoblebi SuriT da mtrobiT Semogvyurebdnen.
duSeTis mazrasa da samegreloSi ajanyebam ifeTqa. Sin araqarTve­

83
li elementebi SeTqmulebas gvimzadebdnen. amas zed daerTo didi
ekonomiuri krizisi, romelic gamoiwvia msoflio omma, xolo gaar­
Tula Cvenma saerTo mouwyoblobam. saWiro iyo SeerTebulis ZaliT
dacva axlad mopovebuli Tavisuflebisa, Seqmna saswrafod elemen­
taruli saxelmwifoebrivi aparatisa da ndobis mopoeba respublik­
isadmi xalxSi.
pirvel xanebSi saqarTveloSi marTlac gaerTianebuli erovnu­
li fronti iyo, magram male dairRva igi da mTeli simZime muSaobi­
sa da brZolisa axali weswyobilebis gansamtkiceblad mxolod or
partias daawva social-demokratebs da socialist-federalistebs.
Cveni da maTi SeTanxmebuli muSaoba kritikis Seneleba, dadebi­
Ti saqmianoba aucilebeli piroba iyo axlad Seqmnil saxelmwifos
keTildReobisaTvis.
damoukideblobis arsebobis aTma Tvem ganvlo. marTalia saqarT­
velos sakiTxi jer sabolood gadaWrili araa da ara erTi safrTxea
mosalodneli, magram dRes saqarTvelos respublikis azri sakmaod
gantkicebulia qarTvel xalxSi. gareSe mtrebmac igrZnes Zala Cve­
ni saxelmwifoebriobisa da Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba ufro
saimedoa. dRes mowveulia dafuZnebeli kreba da saqarTvelos damou­
kideblobas xels advilad veravin Seaxebs.
es damoukidebloba dRevandel pirobebSi migvaCnia erT-erT saxed
eris Tavisuflebisa. Cven federalistebi viyaviT da dResac feder­
alistebi varT. msoflio cxovrebis ganviTarebis gza iseTia, rom
federatiuli kavSiri erebisa aucilebeli pirobaa kacobriobisa, am
am kavSirs daJinebiT moiTxovs agreTve TviT Cveni qveynis garTulebu­
li ekonomiuri interesebi.
amitom Cven gvmarTebs megobruli kavSiri viqonioT yvela saxelm­
wifosTan, gansakuTrebiT ki mezobel erebTan.
Cveni sagareo politika sxva da sxva garemoebaTa gamo dRe­
vandlamde iZulebiT mimarTuli iyo mxolod didi imperialistul
saxelmwifoebisaken da maTi saSualebiT Cveni Tavisuflebis uzrun­
velyofisaken. magram Cven viciT, rom revoliucia ar damTavrebula
da gadavida evropaSiac. Cven mowmeni varT msoflio ZiriTad gar­
daqmnisa da socialuri revoliuciis xanaSi SevdivarT. amitom Cve­
ni partia saqarTvelos saxelmwifosagan moiTxovs met daaxlovebas,
kavSiris gabmas socialistur demokratiasTan Cvens garSemo da ev­
ropaSi.
exla damfuZnebel krebis winaSe sdgeba gadasawyvetad sakiTxi: ra
socialuri Sinaarsis unda iyos Cveni saxelmwifo, ra unda ganaxor­
cielos, ra mizani unda daisaxos man? aq Cveni da mmarTveli partiis
gza erTmaneTs Sordeba, Cveni gegmebi erTmaneTs upirispirdebian.
mmarTveli partia apirebs saqarTveloSi daamyaros martooden
demokratiuli saxelmwifo da erideba misces mas socialisturi xa­
siaTi.

84
Cven ki, socialist federalistebi vamtkicebT: erovnuli aRor­
Zineba wilad xvda saqarTvelos mSromel xalxs da mis ideologias.
saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis droSa aris droSa socialisturi
demokratiisa. am demokratiis, mSromeli massis saqmea Cveni qveynis
ekonomiuri aRorZinebac Segnebuli gansazogadoebruli meurneobiT,
romelic unda moawyon kooperativebma, saerobo da saqalaqo TviT­
marTvelobam da mTelma saxelmwifom. damfuZnebelma krebam am mizniT
unda gadasinjos agraruli kanoni da miwaTmflobeloba moawyos so­
cializaciis principebze.
amas gvikarnaxebs finansiuri mosazrebac. saqarTvelo ekonomi­
urad CamorCenilia, mcxovrebTa saSualo Semosavali Zlier mcirea,
saqarxno safabriko warmoeba ganuviTarebelia; saxelmwifos Semo­
savlis wyaro naklebad aqvs: gadasaxads ver gaawers xalxs imdens,
rom dahfaros Tavisi xarji. verc kapitalistebis dabegvra uSve­
lis, radgan maTi ricxvi mcirea. erTad erTi saRi saSualebaa farTo
sazogadoebrivi, saerobo, saqalaqo da saxelmwifoebrivi meurneobis
mowyoba. mxolod am gziT avicdenT, sxvaTa Soris, sursaT sanovagis
ima krizissac, romelic dRes ase mwvavea.
amgvari muSaobiT ganxorcieldeba ornairi mizani: ganaRdeba,
aiwevs Sromis nayofieroba, ganmtkicdeba respublikis finansiuri
mdgomareoba. Seiqneba ekonomiuri simdidre da meores mxriT nawi­
lobrivi gasazogadoebuli meurneobiT SevemzadebiT socialisturi
warmoebisaTvis.
Cven ar gvgonia, rom dResve SesaZlebeli iyos socializmis ganx­
orcieleba. dRes aris mxolod garda mavali xana da Cvenma saxelmwi­
fom unda Seiqnas socializmisTvis elementebi. socializmi martood­
en saqarTveloSi ver ganxorcieldeba, magram saqarTvelo mzad unda
iyos socializmis misaRebad da ara marto propagandisa da agitaciis
meoxebiT, aramed meurneobis TandaTanobiTi koleqtivizaciiT da es
unda exebodes erTnairad rogorc qalaqs, ise sofels.
Cveni sakuTari moqmedebiT unda mouspoT anarqiul Zalebs yove­
live sababi socializmis saxeliT gamoilaSqron Cvensken: es SeuZlian
Cven saxelmwifos, Tu daadgeba zemoxsenebul socialur cvlilebaTa
gzas da kerpad ar gaixdis burJuaziuli demokrataul wyobilebas.
Cveni miznebi gansazRvraven saxelmwifoebriv aparatis agebu­
lobasac. Tavdacva dResac sazrunav sagnad gvaqvs da unda gvqondes:
amisTvis saWiroa samxedro saqmis reorganizacia da TandaTanobiT ga­
dasvla saxalxo miliciis sistemaze, magram udidesi yuradReba unda
movaqcioT im dawesebulebebs, romelTa mizani aris Sromis da meurne­
obis organizacia.
saWiroa farTo decentralizaciis ganxorcieleba, unda dam­
yardes mWidro kavSiri TviT xalxTan. mTavroba unda emyarebodes
adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs, amasTanave ganxorcielebul unda
iqmnas moqalaqeTa iniciativis ufleba da referendumi.

85
didi yuradReba unda mieqces agreTve erovnul umciresobaTa
uflebis uzrunvelyofas, Tu Cven afxazeTsa da samahmadiano saqarT­
veloSi ar ganvaxorcielebT gamocxadebul TviTmarTvelobas, friad
garTuldeba saqme da Cven ver SamovikrebT Cvens garSemo gafantul
elementebs.
damfuZnebel krebaSi Cven yovelTvis kritikas gauwevT da Seve­
brZolebiT imisTana nabijebs, romelic zemoxsenebul mizezebs ewi­
naaRmdegeba.
savsebiT viTvaliswinebT Cven dRevandels mZime da rTul
pirobebs. erTi mxriT unda davamyaroT saqarTvelos saxelmwifoe­
brioba. movawyoT sakuTari Tavisufali cxovreba, meore mxriT Semza­
debulad SevegeboT im socialur revoliucias, romelic ukve daw­
yebulia. swored es garemoeba gvavalebs vawarmooT kritika fxizeli
da saqmiani.
magram Cveni respublikis dacvaSi, visganac unda moelodes mas sa­
frTxe, socialist-federalistTa partia yovelTvis mzad iqneba mxar­
Si amoudges damfuZnebel krebas da TavdadebiT, sakuTaris sisxliT
daicavs saqarTvelos Tavisuflebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs kedias.

spiridon kedias sityva.

spiridon kedia. (er. dem.) damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! arasodes


aseTis simkacriT ar gamoTqmula winaaRmdegoba sinamdvilesa da ide­
ologias Soris.
is garemoeba, rom Cven damfuZnebel krebaSi 127 meti socialis­
ti zis, xolo sinamdvile Zalas gvatans saxelmwifos aRsagebad saRi
burJuaziuli safuZvlebi da meTodi vixmaroT, _ es garemoeba gviCven­
ebs, rom survili da didi rwmenac uZluria socializmis dasamyare­
blad da sinamdvilis gardasaqmnelad. es garemoeba Tanac gveubneba,
rom saWiroa gadavxedoT warsul gzasa da moqmedebas. am warsulis
gadaxedva da gadasinjva qarTvelma xalxma Tqven dagavalaT, b. b. dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrno.
pirvelaT saqarTvelom Tavis Tavi Caibara da daiyudna, pirvelaT
mTeli qarTveli xalxi daeufla Tavisi qveynis mmarTva-gamgeobas; es
pirvelaT airCia da Seadgina damfuZnebeli kreba, romelmac saqarTve­
los ZiriTadi kanonebi unda dasweros. amiT istoriam didi movaleo­
ba dagvakisra. Cvens namoqmedebs da naazrevs istoria waikiTxavs da
gansjis. Cveni dRevandeli namoqmedari gansazRvravs momavlis mimar­
Tulebas da beds. da sworeT amitom Cven ver viqnebiT Tavisufalni
da Cveni qeifis amyolni Cveni uflebis moxmarebaSi, Cvens moqmedeba­
Si, saqarTvelos maradiul mimdinareobaSi Cveni aq yofna erTi wuTia.
da am wuTma ar unda Seiwiros Cveni qveynis ukvdaveba, imis niSnebi ki

86
bevrad bevria Cvens yoveldRiur moqmedebaSi. pirveli saqme, romel­
ic unda damfuZnebel krebas gaekeTebina, mTavrobis Sedgena iyo; es
ukve moxda da axali mTavroba warsdga kidevac damfuZnebel krebis
winaSe. es mTavroba CvenTvis ucnobi ar aris. mis Semadgenloba igivea,
rac saqarTvelos parlamentis dros iyo. araviTari axali elemente­
bi am mTavrobaSi ar Semosula, arc pirovnebis saxiT da arc rogorc
fsiqologiuri motivi. amitomac am mTavrobis momavali saqmianobis
warmodgena SeiZleba misi warsuli moqmedebis analizis saSualebiT.
14 marts mTavroba warsdga Cvens winaSe Tavis moqmedebis an­
gariSiT. 21 marts man dagvixata momavali moqmedebis programma. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom 21 martis aqeT Cveni mTavrobis ZiriTadi Sexedule­
bebi da programma ver gamoicvleboda da darCeboda, rac 21 martam­
de iyo. amitomac misi momavali moqmedeba rom gamovicnoT, sakmarisia
gadavxedoT mis warsuls, imas Tu ras warmoadgenda igi damfuZnebel
krebis mowvevamde.
erTi umTavresi aqti saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi _ saqarTvelos da­
moukidebloba _ moxda Cveni mTavrobis politikis da mTeli im mimar­
Tulebis winaaRmdeg saidanac mTavroba aris gamosuli. meored rac
ZiriTadia da centri da romlis garSemoc trialebs mTeli qarTve­
li xalxis energiac da politikac, Cveni mTavrobis miswrafebas ar
warmoadgenda da mis ganxorcielebaSi mas arc fsixologiuri monaw­
ileoba miuRia, da arc moqmedobiTi. es movlena aRniSnuli iyo TviT
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris sityvaSi. cxadia, rom is mTavroba, romel­
sac saqarTvelos politikur saxelmwifoebriv damoukideblobis
Zieba Tavis dReSi ar hqonia da romelmac mxolod garemoebis Zalda­
tanebiT Caibara ukve damoukidebel saqarTvelos marTva-gamgeoba,
cxadia, rom aseTi mTavroba ver gamoiCenda im SemoqmedebiT saxelmwi­
foebriv politikas, romliTac mxolod SeiZleboda am Cveni qveynis
saxelmwifo Senobis ageba da gamagreba. aqedan warmosdga mTeli rigi
Secdomebisa saSinao da sagareo moqmedobaSi. es xalxi fsiqologi­
urad moumzadebeli iyo erovnuli saxelmwifos SeqmnisTvis. misTvis
gaugebari iyo saxelmwifoebrivi politika, romelic yovelgan uaR­
res kompromiss Txoulobs, amis nacvlad es xalxi awarmoebs cal mx­
riv da damqsaqsav politikas, idga klasobriv brZolis niadagze da
sazogadoebaSi sTesda „kamagis“ da Seurigeblobis ideologias, is
garemoeba naklebaT iyo saxifaTo saqarTvelos im nawilebSi, sadac
qarTuli eTnografia, sadac teritoria mTlianaT qarTvelebiT iyo
dasaxlebuli, sadac Segneba da fsiqologia wminda erovnulia. xolo
aseTi politika damRupavi da sabediswero Seiqmna saqarTvelos im
nawilebSi, sadac sxva da sxva istoriis dros an eTnografia aWrele­
bula an Tu eTnografiuli erTferoba Senaxula samagiero fsixikiT
da SegnebiT gadagvarebulia. da marTlac mTavrobas saqarTvelos ga­
napira kuTxeebSi Secdoma Secdomaze mosdis. soxumis olqi, baTomisa
da zaqaTlis olqebi igive borCalo, axalqalaqis da axalcixis maz­

87
rebi yvela es kuTxeebi erTi cocxali suraTia Cveni mTavrobis Semc­
dari politikisa.
amave poltikis Sedegi iyo saqarTvelos sruli izoliacia, me­
zobel saxelmwifoTagan, rogoricaa aderbeijani, mTielTa respub­
lika da somxeTi. es imitom moxda, rom mTavrobis politika, romel­
ic revoliucionur-socializmis programas adga, ver Seurigda da
ar daindo mezobeli saxelmwifoni, romelnic Zalian Soris iyvnen
sarevoliucioT socializmis programasTan. saqarTvelos mTavroba
am saxelmwifoebTan daaxlovebas erovnul saxelmwifoebriv sazomi­
Ta da saWiroebiT ki ar arkvevda, aramed partiul ideologiis Tval­
sazrisiT da amitomac ganmartoebuli rCeboda. misi moqmedebis xazia
mudmivi meryeoba qanaoba erTis mxriv am mebrZol internacionalur
politikasa, da namdvil erovnul saxelmwifoebriv politikis So­
ris, meores mxriv. da igi dResac am yofaSia. mTavrobas dResac ara
aqvs gamorkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Semoqmedobis orientacia, is Tu
romeli princips misces upiratesoba da saxelmZRvanelod gaixados,
moskovis principi Tu parizisa. dRes es ori centria mTels evropa­
sa da amerikaSi. ori centri gars ikrebs gansxvavebul idealisa da
meTodis xalxebs. erTimeoris uarmyofel Rirebulebas Seicven, ver
gamoerkvia da Cveni mTavrobis politika ar sCans, saiTken ixreba. da
es gaurkvevloba uaRresad mavnebelia da saxifaTo Tu erTis mxriT,
Cven mTavrobas moskovis centrisadmi fraqciuli siZulvili aqvs,
meore mxriv masTan principiali siyvaruli akavSirebs, maSin rodesac
parizis centri Cven mTavrobisaTvis mxoloT da mxoloT principia­
luri mZulvalobis sagans warmoadgens. es garemoeba xels uSlis imas,
rom saqarTvelos idea antantis ideam dainaTesavos.
amnairaT, saqarTvelos mTavrobis politika Sin gvasustebs gva­
kargvinebs teritorias. gamogvTiSa mezobel saxelmwifoebisagan da
ganmartoebiT dagvsva. man aqac ver Segvariga im erTaT erTi orient­
acias da centrsa, romelic dRes wesierebisa da saxelmwifoebriv
simtkicis ideas warmoadgens.
meore mxriv, axalgazrda saxelmwifos gamagrebisTvis im pirobeb­
Si, ra pirobebSiac Cven aRvmoCndiT, aucileblaT iyo wesieri jaris
Seqmna. Cven mTavrobis politika ki am saqmes im TaviTve mtrulad Sex­
vda, vinaidan igi wlobiT aRizarda am reguliari jaris siZulvilSi;
radganac misi miswrafeba saerTaSoriso gaiaraReba iyo, es idealu­
ri Sexeduloba principialuri pozicia am sakiTxisadmi man pirdapir
Cvens sinamdvileSi gadmoitana da jaris Seqmna Seaferxa TiTqmis Seu­
Zlebeli gaxada. am gvaraT ori garemoeba, _ erTis mxriv, SeuZlebloba
imisa, rom Cveni mdgomareobis Sesaferi Seqmniliyo; xolo meore mxriv
farTo lozungebi da internacionaluri politika, _ ai es ori faqto­
ri saqarTvelos gamagrebis saqmes xels uSlida. jaris Seqmnis magier,
mTavroba internacianalistur solidarobis frazebs razmavda; Se­
degaT borCalos saqme miviReT. borCalos SemTxveva aSkarad mowmobs,

88
rom Cveni mTavroba Zmoba-erTobis frazeologias ar SerCenoda da
saqarTvelo droze gaefrTxilebina, maSin saqarTvelos Tavze ar daa­
tydeboda is sircxvili da ubeduroba, romelic borCaloSi mouvida.
es mazra, saqarTvelos udavo nawili TviT Zveli mTavrobis azriTac,
nawilaT CamogvWra da nawilaT kidev sadavoT gaxda. da amis sabuT­
ze Cven mTavrobas Tavisi xelic uweria! aqedan vambobT Cvens katego­
riul azrs. saqarTvelos rom drozed mieRo saWiro zomebi, mteri
borCaloSi ver Semovidoda da borCalos mazra dResac mTlianaT
saqarTvelos xelSi iqneboda. magram, sworeT imitom, rom mTavro­
bas ar hqonda alRo da instinqti mtris cnobisa, sworeT imitom, rom
mTavroba kidev solidarobaze laparakobda, rodesac mtris jarebi
gamalebiT ukve Tbilisisken modiodnen, ai sworeT imitom mogvivida
borCalos katastrofa.
rom am sagans Tavi davaneboT da SevexoT mTavrobis moqmedebas
wminda Sinaur politikis fargalSi, Cven aq mwuxarebiT unda aRvniS­
noT misi sruli ususuroba da fsiqologiuri moumzadebloba saxel­
mwifos Seqmnis saqmisTvis.
Zveli wyobilebis Senoba dangreulia da axalis simtkice aqamdis
ver avageT; sasamarTlos damoukidebloba, romelic yovelgan da yov­
el reJimis patiosani mamuliSvilis umTavres sazrunavs Seadgenda,
saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. sasamarTlo administraciis gavlenis qveS
imyofeba. axali demokratiuli wesi sasamarTlos institutis Ses­
aqmelad ver gamoviyeneT ise rogorc saWiro iyo; arCeul mosamarT­
leTa Soris bevri iseTia, romelic am TanamdebobisTvis sruliad ga­
mousadegia. am or momentiT iwyoba sasamarTlos gaxrwna da Tu saqmes
droze ar miveSveleT, sasamarTlos gaxrwnas Tan mohyveba sazogadoe­
bis daSla, _ gaTaxsirebac.
administracia, ver sdgas Tavis daniSnulebis simaRleze, igi par­
tiuli angariSis gamasworebeli agenti ufroa, vidre saxelmwifos
cxovrebis wesierebis agenti.
umTavresi ZarRvi Cveni sazogadoebriv cxovrebisa, razedac Cve­
ni momavali hkidia gaxlavT, Cveni ekonomiur viTareba. rom garedan
araviTari xifaTic ar mogvelodes da saerToSoriso urTierToba­
Si, Cveni damoukidebloba sruliad uzrunvelyofili iyos, vimeoreb,
rom am mxriv saqarTvelos araviTari SiSi da xifaTic rom ar moe­
lodes, maSinac gveeWveba Cven norC qvenis bedi, radgan Cveni ekonomi­
uri cxovreba iseTi wesiT midis, rom SeuZlebelia katastrofamdis
ar CavaxwioT. vis miuZRvis amaSi brali? ra Tqma unda, erT wuTsac
ar unda davkargoT mxedvelobidan is saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba,
romelic dRes arsebobs, romelic arTulebs da aZnelebs ekonomiur
cxovrebas, normalur ekonomiur saqmianobas. es erTi mizezi unda
saxeSi viqonioT, rodesac dRevandeli Cveni qveynis ekonomiur fi­
nansiur mdgomareobas vixilavT; magram amis gverdiT aris adgilo­
brivi wminda subieqturi meore mizezi, romelic xels uwyobs Cvens

89
ekonomiur daSla-ganadgurebas. ai swored aq aris Cveni mTavrobis
socialisturi codo da danaSauli. 1918-wlis 7-Tvis Tavisufleba
Cven Zvelma mTavrobam 26 milioni valiT daamTavra. momaval wlisT­
vis igive mTavroba erTi orad met vals varaudobs. mTeli qoneba,
romelic saqarTvelos Tvis wilad darCa Zveli reJimisagan damou­
kideblobis gamocxadebis aqtiT erT ganZs warmoadgenda, did ganZs,
ramac finansiur-ekonomiurad didi daxmareba gagviwia ama Tu im
saWiroebis dakmayofilebis saqmeSi. saxelmwifos am qonebidan bevri
ram, ra Tqma unda, uTavbolod daekarga. dRes es mzamzareuli qone­
ba gamogvelia, aRar gvaqvs; ase rom, momdinare wlis vali swored
amis gamo, gacilebiT imaze meti iqneba, rac navaraudevia Cvenis
biujetiT. valiT scxovrobs mTeli saxelmwifo, valiT scxovroben
Cveni TviTmarTvelobebi; amave dros fulis fasi TandaTan ecema da
cxovreba ufro da ufro Zvirdeba. mosalodnelia CvenSiac is mox­
des, rac safrangeTSi revoliuciis dros, rodesac zogi pirvel saW­
iroebis saqoneli misi wona qaRaldis fuli Rirda. Tqven warmoidg­
ineT progresiulad sanovagis gaZvirebisa da fulis gaiafebis svla
da maSin dainaxavT Tqveni damoukideblobis safrTxesa da katastro­
fas. da aqamdisin araviTari Ronis Zieba ar iyo miRebuli mTvrobis
mier, rom qveynis ekonomiuri mdgomareoba gamoebrunebina. mTavro­
bas ar surs isargeblos im nacadis da erTad erTis gziT, romliTac
yovelgan da yovelTvis Seqmnila da dagrovila xalxis simdidre. ar
aris araviTari garantia, rom mesakuTres SeuZlian Tavisi moZrav
Tu uZravi qoneba Tavisuflad moixmaros, daimuSavos, gadaatri­
alos. mTeli amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi Cveni bankebi da sxva da sxva
sakredito dawesebulebebi TavianT operaciebs ar awarmoeben, maT
dahkarges ndoba; xalxs bankebSi fuli aRar miaqvs, rogorc is iyo
umal; soflis xalxi, vis xelSic dRes mTeli fulia Tavmoyrili, un­
doblad ucqeris bankebs, imitom, rom darwmunebuli ar aris, Tu iq
fuli Seitana, rom mas ukan miiRebs saWiroebis drosa. dRes mwarmoe­
beli ki martoka sofelia, qalaqSi mas Semoaqvs Tavis nawarmoebebi
da qalaqidan masve sistematiurad fuli gaaqvs; am fuls igi Sin uZ­
ravad abinavebs. es fuli, amnairad, trialidan gamodis da hkargavs
sazogado Rirebulebas, misi fasi TviT mis patronisaTvisac ecema;
imave dros soflis meurneoba Tan da Tan krizisSi Sedis. revoli­
ucionuri wesiT miwis sakiTxis gadaWram yvela daazarala, saerTo
meurneoba dasca da sargebloba vervis moutana. Tu wminda politi­
kur sferaSi revoliucia advilad asatania, ekonomiur cxovrebaSi
ase ar gaxlavT; revoliucionuri Ronis Ziebas aq pirdapir dangreva
da ganadgureba Semoaqvs. am wesma mTeli erTi nawili sazogadoebisa
quCaSi usaxsro dahyara. xolo sazogadoebis meore nawilSi mtace­
bloba da warTmevis instikti auSva, saerTod soflis meurneobaSi
arev-dareva da anarqia Seitana. amis avtoria Cveni mTavroba. magram
rogorc sxva dargSiac, man aqac kiseri moitexa da loRikur wi­

90
naaRmdegobaSi gaixlarTa. Tu memamulis mimarT igi daadga sakuTre­
bis uaryofis gzas da miwebi sruliad usasyidlod CamoarTva, umi­
wawylo da mcire mamulian glexebis mimarT ki sakuTrebis princips
daadga. am kategoriis miwis muSaobas mTavroba mxolod sasyidliT
aZlevs CamorTmeul miwebs. aseTi usistemo da uloRiko ekonomiu­
ri politika, romelic sarevolucio demagogias ver gascilebia da
SemTxveviTi partiuli zraxvebisTvis aris mogonili, qveynis ekono­
miur mdgomareobas ver moagvarebs, da soflis meurneobasTan erTad
Cveni qveynis vaWroba-mrewvelobas gaanadgurebs.
saqonlis gatana-Semotana gaZnelda. mTeli 7-8 Tvis ganmavlobaSi
mTavrobam Tvisi beci politikiT saqonlis gatan-Semotana Seaferxa,
da mxolod exla, rogorc es mTavrobis oficiozur presaSi irkveva,
igi adgeba im gzas, romelsac misgan yovelTvis uSedegoT moviTxo­
vdiT, es aris Tavisufali da kerZo iniciativis gza.
mrewvelobis sakiTxi CvenSi kidev ufro unugeSoa; aravis ara aqvs
garantia, rom Tu saqme daiwyo, raime dadebiT Sedegebs miaRwevs. muSe­
bis profesionalur kavSirebis sakiTxi, maTi _ dRevandelis formiT
pirdapir SeuZlebels hyofs ekonomiur saqmianobas, am mizezebis gamo
Cveni qveynis ekonomiuri cxovreba mieqaneba ufskrulisaken; exla ukve
TviT socialistebisTvisac cxadia, rom misi gamobruneba socialis­
turis wesiT da eqsperimentebiT yovlad SeuZlebelia. da rac ufro
male daadgeba mTavroba nacad da saimedo burJuaziul saxelmwifoe­
briv Semoqmedebis gzas, miT ufro male da advilad SeiZleba Cveni
ekonomiur finansiur mdgomareobis gaumjobesoba da Tu mTavrobas
surs xalxis ekonomiur mdgomareobis gaumjobesoba, da Cveni saxel­
mwifos konsolidacia, man unda dahgmos sarevoliucio socializmis
gza da moipovos ndoba xalxis TvalSi; yoveli mesakuTre meurnisa da
vaWar-mrewvelis TvalSi. amis garantiebs ki mTavroba ar iZleva, da
maSin rodesac Tavis deklaraciaSi iseT wvrimalsac ki aRniSnavs, ro­
goricaa sanitaruli zomebis miReba, igi saWirod ar sTvlis uTxras
soflis xalxs, da qalaqis vaWar-mrewvelebs, rom maTi namuSavari, pi­
radi iniciativiT an TaosnobiT Seqmnili saqme da qoneba xel Seuxe­
beli iqneba. mTavrobas ver gaubednia, an Tu ar surs saqveynoT da xma
maRla icnos mesakuTris ufleba Tavis sakuTrebazed! xolo Tu es ar
moxda, yovlad SeuZlebeli iqneba Cven mdgomareobis gamobruneba. Tu
raime dadebiTi iyo mTavrobis moqmedebaSi aqamdis, es imdenad xdebo­
da, ramdenadac igi xan da xan uaxlovdeboda Tavis praktikasa da mo­
qmedebaSi im burJuaziul zomebs, romlis didi SemoqmedebiTi roli
cxovrebiT da gamocdilebiT aris dadasturebuli, xolo ramdenadac
igi Sordeboda, am nacad iaraRs da waisocialist revoliucionereb­
da imdenad met zians aZlevda Cvens Sinagan da sagareo mdgomareobas.
rogori unda iyos momavalSi Cveni damokidebuleba am gvaris
warsuli mqone mTvrobisadmi. mTavrobis momavali politika, iqneba
gagrZeleba misi warsul politikisa; xolo misi warsul politika,

91
rogorc es davinaxeT aRsavsea mraval da sabediswero SecdomebiT.
igi principialad miuRebelia, radgan saxelmwifosi da sazogado
cxovrebis amSlelia da ara damlagebeli. amitom Tavis Tavad cxadia
da aSkara, mTavrobas en bloc ndobas ver mivcemT mis momaval moqmede­
baSi. magram aris erTi sakiTxi, garduvalad yvelasTvis savaldebu­
lo sakiTxi, uzenaesi savaldebulo kategoria _ Cveni qveynis Tavisu­
flebisa da damoukideblobis sakiTxi. am sakiTxSi yvela mTavrobasTan
viqnebiT yovel gasaWiris drosa. danarCen sakiTxebSi, sadac mTavro­
bis revoliuciuri socializmis miswrafeba da meTodia, principi­
al da saqmian opozicias davadgebiT. radgan dRevandeli mTavroba
mxolod SeiZleba dadges gamosadegi, rodesac igi Tavis Tavs radi­
kalurad gardaqmnis. mTavrobis muSaoba imdenad iqneba pozitiuri da
sasargeblo Cveni qveynisTvis, ramdenad igi Tavis momaval moqmedeba­
Si Tavis warsuls daupirispirdeba; ramdenadac igi SesZlebs Tavis
uaryofas, da daadgeba namdvil burJuaziul demokratiul gzas, im­
denad ufro sasargeblo da ufro swori iqneba misi nabiji da ufro
mtkice Cveni ekonomiuri mdgomareoba. misi warsul politikis gagr­
Zeleba ki Cvens qveyanas daRupavs da gaanadgurebs. amiT vaTaveb mTav­
robis deklaraciisa da angariSis mokle ganxilvas da dasasrul unda
mxolod survili gamovsTqva, rom damfuZnebel krebam, romelsac dae­
vala Cveni qveynis dafuZneba, gamoiCinos saWiro gonebis sifxizle, da
utopiurs anTebaSi ar Caswvas Cveni qveynis bedi da momavali.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.

leo Sengelaias sityva.

moqalaqeno! ocneba mraval mebrZol TaobaTa sinamdvileT iqca.


damfuZnebeli kreba es simbolo demokratiis gamorkvevisa da
eris Tavisuflebisa ukve Seudga muSaobas.
saqarTvelos demokratiis winaSe am nairad iSleba udidesi per­
speqtivebi.
damfuZnebelma krebam unda Cauyaros axali da mtkice safuZveli
Cvens social-politikur cxovrebas.
Cveni cxovrebis yovel dargs unda daaCndes damfuZnebeli krebis
mZlavri SemoqmedebiTi xeli.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem Tavis ukanasknel saangariSo moxsen­
ebaSi aq ganacxada, rom arc erTi damfuZnebeli kreba ar Sekrebila
iseT karg pirobebSi, rogorc Cveni damfuZnebeli krebao. aseTi mdgo­
mareoba bevr rames avalebs Cvens damfuZnebel krebas, marTlac Cveni
mdgomareoba Taviseburia.
Cveni qveyana aris qveyana glexuri demokratiisa. Znelia gamov­
naxoT meore respublika, sadac iseTive ZalTa ganwyobileba iyos ro­
gorc CvenSi aris, ase vsTqvaT uaristokratio da uburJuazio eri,

92
romelic in corpore Tavis beds socialistebs andobs _ ai Cveni sinam­
dvile, Cveni eris politikuri saxe.
Cvens damfuZnebel krebaSi feodalur aristokratias Tavisi war­
momadgenlebi ara yavs. es SemTxveviT ar aris, vinaidan didma revoli­
uciam feodalur klass sasikvdilo laxvari Casca!
7 Tu 8 deputati _ ai mTeli siZliere Cveni burJuaziisa! aseTia
CvenSi mebrZol ZalTa ganwyobileba, da vinc dResac, social-demokra­
tiuli damfuZnebeli krebis Semdegac gaiZaxis:
Cven vitanjebiT kapitalizmis ganuviTareblobis gamo, Cven viR­
vwiT burJuaziis politikuri batonobisaTvisa, is ar aris revoli­
ucioneri, _ is revoliuciis likvidatoria!..
(taSi eserebis skamze).
ZalTa aseTi iSviaTi ganwyobileba Cven ver gamoviyeneT revoli­
uciis ara sityvier, aramed realuri gaRrmavebisaTvis da rogorc
sCans verc gamoviyenebT. amas mowmobs mTeli warsuli Cveni politika,
amas adasturebs is deklaracia, romelic aq mTavrobam warmoadgina!
Cveni revoliucia aris mSromelTa revoliucia, revoliucia
klasobrivi, mimarTuli privilegiur klasebis politikur da ekono­
miur batonobis winaaRmdeg.
CvenSi gabatonebulma social-demokratiulma mimarTulebam es
revo­liucia warmoidgina, rogorc brZola mxolod kapitalizmsa
da feodalizms Soris, rogorc revoliucia burJuaziuli _ aq aris
dasawyisi, aq aris wyaro im oportiunistuli politikisa, romelsac
awarmoebda mTavroba, romelsac awarmoebda umravlesobis partia.
Sedegebi am politikisa yvelam kargaT icis.
TiTqmis erTi weliwadi sruldeba, rac Cven damoukidebloba gam­
ovacxadeT da am xnis ganmavlobaSi Cven ver SeviZineT verc erTi moka­
vSire. piriqiT, TiTqmis yvela mezobel erebTan Cven omi da Setakeba
mogvixda. Cven ver davicaviT nacionalizmis poziciebi da davTmeT
internacionalis poziciebic. ai Sedegi Cveni meryevi sagareo poli­
tikisa!
administracia Cveni gadaiqca TviTnebobisa da zneobrivi-gax­
rwnis sinonimaT marTva gamgeobis da zed gavlenis Zveli policiu­
ri meTodebiT man dasca prestiJi axali weswyobilebisa da niadagi
moumzada anarqias CvenSi!
dausjeli danaSauli da daumsaxurebeli warmateba gadaiqca
Cvens administratiul praqtikaSi Cveulebriv movlenad!
Cven TiTqos didi yuradReba mivaqcieT Tavdacvis saqmes, magram
ver SevqeniT verc xeiriani reguliaruli jari da verc namdvili sax­
alxo milicia! Cven TiTqmis yvela frontebze davmarcxdiT, _ es iyo
Sedegi im uprincipobisa, im orWofi politikisa, romelsac Tavdacvis
saqmeSi Cven vadeqiT. Cven miviReT kanoni reguliaruli jaris Sesaxeb,
Cven miveciT am jars monarqiuli wesdeba da amnairad axali urTier­
Tobis xanaSi Cven movisurveT Zveli sistemiT, Zveli gziT siaruli!

93
Tavisufali da miudgomeli sasamarTlo yovelTvis Seadgenda
yvela patiosan moRvaweTa ocnebas, ideals, samwuxarod Cvenda, Cveni
sasamarTlo arafriT ganirCeva Zveli biurokratiuli sasamarTlosa­
gan: igive zedgavlena sferoebisa, igive daviwyeba marTl-msajulebis
maRali pativis da movaleobisa!., ekonomiuri dargi Cveni cxovrebisa
sruliad xel uxlebeli aris. am dargs jer ar ugrZvnia revoliucia,
am dargSi revoliuciis monapovari mxolod liToni sityvaa. CvenSi
xSirad amboben Cveni respublika politikuri Tavisuflebis oazisi
ariso. CvenSi arsebuli ZalTa ganwyobileba da Tanamedrove saer­
TaSoriso situacia Cven gvaZlevs srul SesaZleblobas, rom saqarTve­
lo gadavaqcioT axali socialuri cxovrebis oazisad. damfuZnebeli
kreba, mowveuli aseT pirobebSi unda iqnes upirveles yovlisa orga­
no brZolis, organo revoliuciis socialuri gaRrmavebisa. esmis ra
am nairad daniSnuleba saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebas, social­
ist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia adgens Semdeg deklaracias.

deklaracia

socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa.

moqalaqeno! iSviaT istoriul momentSi iwyebs damoukidebeli


revoliucionuri saqarTvelo Tavis social-politikuri cxovrebis
axal saZirkvelTa dafuZnebas.
centraluri evropa, es bude msoflio reaqciisa, _ socialistu­
ri revo­liuciis mebairaxtreT gamodis.
istoriuli brZola Sromasa da kapitals Soris axal gadamwyvet
fazaSi gadadis. kacobrioba dgas umagaliTo SesaZleblobaTa da per­
speqtivebis winaSe.
Cveni qveynis Taviseburi klasobrivi struqturisa da social
politikuri ganviTarebis gamo reaqcionuri Zalebi uZlurni arian
demokratiis revoliucionur Semoqmedebas xeli SeuSalon.
respublikis Sinauri da saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba TandaTan mt­
kicdeba; saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba, mowveuli aseT pirobebSi,
unda iqnes organo revoliuciis socialuri gaRrmavebisa.
permanentuli revoliucionuri Semoqmedeba, mwyobri koleq­
tivizacia Sromisa da sakuTrebisa _ ase esmis socialist-revoli­
ucionerTa fraqcias socialisturi damfuZnebeli krebis daniS­
nuleba!
Seteva burJuaziis klasobrov poziciebze da Tavdacva demokrati­
is politikur-saxelmwifoebriv poziciebisa _ ai formula Cveni moR­
vaweobisa, Cveni taqtika saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi.
damfuZnebel krebis uaxloes miznebad socialist-revoliuci­
onerTa fraqcias miaCnia:

94
saboloo ganmtkiceba da dakanoneba demokratiuli Tavisuflebis:
sinidisis, sityvis, beWdvis, krebebis, profesiis, mimosvlisa, gaficve­
bis, kavSirebisa.
namdvili da sruli garantia pirovnebisa da binis xelSeuxeblo­
bisa; sayovelTao, Tanaswori pirdapiri, faruli da proporciona­
luri saarCevno ufleba yvela moqalaqeTaTvis ganurCevlad sqesisa,
sarwmunoebis da erovnebisa.
Cveni saxelmwifos politikuri forma aris demokratiuli res­
publika uprezidentoT.
sruli decentralizacia marTva gamgeobaSi da xalxis pirdapiri
monawileoba kanonmdeblobaSi referendumisa da sakanonmdeblo ini­
ciativis saxiT; administraciis sruli reorganizacia demokratiul
niadagze, savaldebulo da yvelasaTvis Tanaswori saero ganaTleba.
sinidisis Tavisufleba uzrunvel yofil unda iqnes, saxelmwi­
fosagan eklesiis sruli gancalkevebiT.
Tavisufal xalxur saqarTveloSi sasamarTlo unda iqnes gansaxi­
ereba umaRlesi samarTlianobisa da patiosnebisa; mxolod sasamarT­
lo xalxuri, miudgomeli da damoukidebeli ganamtkicebs uflebas da
daicavs Tavisuflebas!
samxedro sasamarTloebi da yvela samosamarTlo dawesebuleba­
ni, romelnic ewinaaRmdegebian am principebs, dauyonebliv gauqmebul
unda iqnes!
Zveli saukunoebis samarcxvino memkvidreoba _ jalaTi da saxCobe­
la Tavisufals da xalxur saqarTveloSi ar unda iqnes.
socialistur-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs sikvdiliT
dasjis dauyovnebliv gauqmebas.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs politikur dam­
naSaveTa sruls amnistias, vinaidan politikur uflebaTa SezRudva
ewinaaRmdegeba Tavisufali demokratiis uflebriv Semecnebas.
revoliuciis dagvirgvinebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs
mTavrobis sakiTxs.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia acxadebs: mxolod mTav­
roba WeSmariti socialisturi programiTa da moqmedebiT, mTavroba
ZiriTadi socialuri gardaqmnisa _ gauZRveba Rirseulad revoli­
ucionur mSromel xalxs.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia mxolod aseT mTavrobas ga­
moucxadebs Tavis ndobas da mTeli Tavisi Zal-RoniT mxars dauWers mas.
miwisa da Tavisuflebis integralur lozungSi gamoixata
revoliuciis aucilebeli gezi sameurneo qveynebSi. miwis sakiTxis
sworad gadaWras glexur saqarTveloSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
eZleva.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia damfuZnebel krebaSi mTe­
li Tavisi Zal-RoniT daicavs miwis socializacias. fraqcia moiTxovs
mTels miwaze burJuaziuli sakuTrebis gauqmebas da miwis mTeli misi

95
simdidriT, tyeebiT, wylebiT da madneulobiT xalxis saerTo avla­
didebaT gamocxadebas. parlamentis mier miRebuli reaqcionuri da
wvril burJuaziuli kanoni miwebis gayidvisa ewinaaRmdegeba, ro­
gorc miwis muSebis interesebs, ise socializmis miznebs soflad.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia moiTxovs am kanonis dauy­
ovnebliv gauqmebas!
awarmoebs ra kapitalistur weswyobilebis winaaRmdeg aqtiur
brZolas soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs warmoebaze muSaTa kantrolis
dawesebas, samuSao dRis Semcirebas (8 saaTi da sxv.) da mTeli Tvisi
Zal-RoniT daicavs yvela im zomebs, romelnic xels Seuwyoben muSaTa
klasis fizikurisa da sulieri Zalebis dacvas da socializmisaTvis
misi brZolis unaris gaZlierebas.
iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi Cveni mwarmoebeli Zalebis ganuviTare­
blobas da mZime ekonomiur kriziss, soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs qvey­
nis ekonomiurs cxovrebaSi saxelmwifosi da adgilobriv demokrati­
ul organoebis aqtiur Carevas.
am Carevis mizani unda iqnes sazogadoebrivi meurneobis da kole­
qtiur warmoebaTa uaRresi ganviTareba, vinaidan dRevandel pirobeb­
Si mxolod am gziT SeiZleba Sromis nayofierebis aweva da mwarmoeb­
el ZalTa gajansaReba.
soc. revoliuc. fraqcia moiTxovs, rom gadasaxadebis mTeli
simZime daawves mdidar klasebs, raTa Semosavalsa da memkvidreoba­
ze progresiuli gadasaxadebis dawesebiT sruliad ganTavisufldes
mSro­meli xalxis uRaribesi nawili.
saqarTvelo aris respublika yvela erebis, romlebic masSi mosax­
leoben. mxolod politika internacionaluri, politika erTa Tanas­
worobisa da solidarobisa, _ SeiZleba daedvas safuZvlad saqarTve­
los demokratiis saxelmwifoebriv moRvaweobas.
ganapira olqebis cxovrebis mogvareba, maTi erovnul-kulturu­
li moTxovnilebaTa sruli dakmayofileba, _ iqneba soc.-rev. fraqci­
is erTi umTavresi sazrunavi.
sdgas ra revoliuciis monapovarTa da eris damoukideblobis
sadarajoze, soc-rev. fraqcia moiTxovs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ar­
sebuli sistemis ZiriTad reorganizacias da saqarTvelos mudmiv
neitralobasTan erTad daicavs saxalxo miliciis sistemis dauyone­
bliv cxovrebaSi ganviTarebas, vinaidan mxolod Tavisufali eri, Ta­
visuflad gawvrTnili da SeiaraRebuli daicavs Rirseulad Tavis
damoukideblobasa da Tavisuflebas.
soc. rev. fraqcia moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma
krebam daamyaros Zmuri damokidebuleba yvela mezobel da Soreul
erebTan da gansakuTrebiT demokratiul da socialistur saxelmwi­
foebTan, vinaidan soc-rev. fraqcias Rrmada swams, rom mxolod me­
zobel erebTan da demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan solidarobiT da
urTierTi sasicocxlo interesebis swori gagebiT da uflebiTa cno­

96
ba-pativiscemiT ganmtkicdeba Cveni Tavisufleba, dagvirgvindeba mS­
romelTa revoliucia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

raJden arseniZis sityva.

damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! Cven, social-demokratebi, Tavis


miznad visaxavT, rasakvirvelia, socializmis ganxorcielebas. es
udavo sagani aris. magram am miznis, socializmis ganxorcieleba, da
sxva kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom Cven dResve SeudgeT saqarTveloSi
amis eqsperimentebs. Cven gvgonia, rom socializmisTvis arsebobs gza
mecnierulad damuSavebuli, mecnierebisagan dadasturebuli, da mTe­
li evropis muSa klasis moZraobiT Semowmebuli. da es gza erTad erT
gzaT migvaCnia am momaval samefoSi Sesavlelad. es gza gaxlavT gza
demokratiisa. mxolod demokratiis ganmtkicebiT. _ es gvwamda, da
gvwams dResac, _ SeiZleba momzaddes niadagi da gaikafos gza, rome­
lic ufro swored, ufro naklebi mtkivnelobiT, ufro adre da male
gaukafavs mSromel xalxs gzas socialistur samefoSi Sesasvlelad.
es udavo debuleba daedva safuZvlad Cvens politikas saxelmwifos
SigniT da saxelmwifos gareT. Cven gvgonia, rom dRevandeli mdgo­
mareoba, romelsac ganicdis Cveni respublika ar gvaZlevs sabuT­
sa, rom mTavari xazi SevcvaloT. is garemoeba, rom mTelma xalxma,
TiTqmis mTelma erma, yvela saqarTvelos mcxovrebelma, socialis­
tur partiebs misces Tavis ndoba da maT Soris upirveles yovlisa
social-demokratebs, es amowmebs mxoloT erTs rames, imas ki ara, rom
yvelaferi mzaT aris socializmisTvis, aramed imas, rom gza arCeuli
social-demokratiis mier aris swori, da amtkicebs kidev imas, rom
namdvili gaZRola demokratiul wyobilebisa mxolod socialistebs
SeuZliaT. Tqven moismineT sxva da sxva sityvebi da iqidan SegiZlianT
gamoiyvanoT daskvna, rom aseTi marto erTi Zalaa CvenSi; _ ar aris
Cven Sinaur cxovrebaSi sxva iseTi sazogadoebrivi jgufi Tu wreebi,
romelTac SeeZloT am mxriv gverdSi amoudgen, konkurencia gauwion,
da miT ufro win gauswron social-demokratias, rogorc namdvil
gamomxatvels demokratiis interesebisas. arCevnebis Sedegi, romel­
mac Cven aq mogviyvana, swored am azrs adasturebs. aqedan gamodis is
daskvna, rom Cveni politikis RerZad, mis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad
unda darCes SemdegSiac igive politikuri xazi, romelsac xalxma
ndoba gamoucxada. dRevandel revoliuciis talRebis qanaobidan
Cven gadagvarCina da mogviyvana damfuZnebel krebamdis swored am
mTavarma xazma Cveni moqmedebisa, romelsac aq ebrZvian. Cven, rom ga­
mogvecxadebina dauyonebliv revoliucionuri brZola Sromis da kap­
italis Sua, maTi ukanaskneli Sejaxeba dagvewyo, rogorc es moskovma
moimoqmeda, ese igi, rom moskovis gezi agveRo da misi xazi migveRo,

97
rogorc dRes gvirCevdnen aq, is ver gadagvarCenda. arc is gvixsnida,
rom parizis gezze davmdgariyaviT, vinaidan parizis gezi ar icnobs
am xazs revoliuciisa da revoliuciis msvlelobisa; Cven aviReT is
gezi, romelsac moiTxovda TviT revoliucia da misi Sinagan ZalTa
ganwyobileba da moqmedeba.
Cven ar SegveZlo angariSi ar gagvewia amisTvis, Tu ra xdeba dasav­
leT evropaSi, ra ZalTaganwyobileba ibadeba da iqmneba iq. magram
erTi unda aRvniSno xazgasmiT: rom mTavari xazi Cveni moqmedebisa
aris nakarnaxevi ZalTa ganwyobilebiT CvenSi da ara evropaSi. mTa­
vari Zala, romelzedac Cven SegviZlian daveyrdnoT, es aris urT­
ierToba saqarTveloSi da ara urTierToba germaniaSi, gind inglis­
Si, gind safrangeTSi, gind romelime sxva saxelmwifoSi. angariSis
gaweva erTia da mTavaria samoqmedo gegmis miReba imis mixedviT, Tu
ramdenad Zlieria proletariati germaniaSi, gind inglisSi, an amer­
ikaSi. diax, amaze dayrdnoba da mTavari samoqmedo gegmis amaze ageba,
niSnavs Tavis patara navis zRvis talRebSi umweod gaSvebas mxolod
imitom, rom iq sadRac did-okeaneSi didi gemebi dasrialeben. yovel
SemTxvevaSi demokratias social demokratias, romelsac dRemdis eW­
ira saWe revoliuciisa da romelic miuZRoda Cven saxelmwifos, ro
am gziT eara, Cveni navi didi xania STanTqmuli iqneboda. magram so­
cial-demokratia ar gahyva am xazs, man alRo auRo swored imas, rac
xalxis gulSi da sulSi ixateba.
Cveni cxovrebis gulSi vinc Caixedavs, is dainaxavs aSkarad rom
Cven gvRupavda da gvRupavs ara moWarbebuli warmoeba da mrewveloba,
aramed sisuste da uZluroba misi. SexedeT Tqven dRevandel kriziss,
romelsac Cven uZaxiT finansur kriziss, an ekonomiur kriziss, gana
es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom viRacas da raRacas ar misces gza Tavi­
sufal ekonomiur ZalTa ganviTarebis? sruliadac ara. saqme sruli­
adac imaSi ar aris. saqme imaSia, rom ekonomuri ZalTa ganviTareba
TandaTanobiT xdeba, da TandaTanobiT ganviTarebas ki SeuZlia dam­
yareba imaze, rac arsebobda guSin da guSinwin, xolo is, rac guSin
da guSinwin arsebobda, metad mcirea. Cveni ekonomiuri viTareba
Cambuli iyo iseT pirobebSi, rom is yvelafers garedan iRebda. igi
ufro saeqsploatacio sagans warmoadgenda ucxoel kapitalistebi­
sa, ucxoel vaWrebisa, vidre Sinaur ZalTa ganviTarebis Sedegs. cxa­
dia, maSin rodesac garSemo boboqrobs revoliuciis talRebi ingre­
va revoliuciis mier yovelive urTierToba, ingreva sawarmovo ZalTa
saSualebani, Cveni qveyana aucileblad ekonomiur krizisSi unda Ca­
vardniliyo.
Cven gveubnebian, rom 10 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar aRorZinda warmoe­
ba, ese igi ar gaCaRda fabrikebi, qarxnebi, didi texnikuri saSuale­
banio. me vityvi, ara Tu revoliuciis xanaSi, ara Tu arev-darevis
dros, sruli mSvidobianobac rom iyos Cven wyobilebaSi saqarTvelo­
Si, sruli mSvidobianobac rom iyos ganxorcielebuli Cvens garSemo,

98
ramdenime Tveebis da wlebis ganmavlobaSi warmoeba ar gaCaRdeba.
ZalTa ganviTarebis Sedegebi ise uecrad ver mogvevlineba, is SeiZle­
ba aRmocendes mxolod TandaTanobiT, sistemiurad da ara uecrad
moevlinos qveyanas, rogorc saswauli. ara, saswauli ara xdeba, da
social-demokratia sruliad marTalia, rodesac fiqrobs, rom aseTi
saswauli dRes arsaidan ar moelis Cvens qveyanas. amiT aixsneba Cveni
ekonomiuri mdgomareoba, romelsac aq bralad adeben, rasakvirvelia,
social-demokratias, da im movaleobas, romelsac igi uWers mxars. ma­
gram es niSnavs imas, rom roca navs zRvis talRebi aqanaveben, es mov­
lena daabralo menaves da ara im veeberTela talRebs, romelic navze
bevrad Zlieri arian (taSi) da marTlac rogor SeiZleba mTavrobas
davavaloT mTeli qveynis ekonomiuri aRorZineba da ganviTareba?
me mgonia, rom es unda daevalos imas, vis xelSiac aris qonebrivi
da ekonomiuri SesaZlebloba am ganviTarebisa. Cven gveubnebian maT
undoblobaze socialistur mTavrobisadmi. me amas Sevabrunebdi da
vityodi, ufro swori iqneba vilaparakoT maT undoblobaze saku­
Tar Zalebisa, sakuTar Taosnobisadmi. es samwuxaro faqtia, magram
mainc unda aSkaraT vaRiaro igi. Cven viciT, rom arc rekviziciis,
arc CamorTmevis, da arc sxva aseTi movlenis SiSiT spekuliacia arc
erT ZalTagans ar Seuwyvetia. maSin, rodesac yvelaze ufro mosal­
odnelia aseTi sarekvizicio da sxva zomebis miReba swored spekuli­
aciis winaaRmdeg rogorc xedavT, saqme aq ndobaSi da undoblobaSi
ki ar aris, aramed ufro Rrmad aris Camarxuli cxovrebis wiaRSi da
iqidan Cven verc erTi mTavroba ise swrafad, ise iolad, ise uecrad
ramdenime Tveebis ganmavlobaSi ver amogviyvans. miT ufro sakvirve­
lia, rodesac aseT pirobebSi moiTxoven dauyonebliv socialistur
gardaqmnisTvis mzadebas, da Tundac dauyonebliv gasazogadoebrio­
bas sxvadasxva warmoebis dargebisa. unda mogaxsenoT, didi guldas­
miT usmendi am sakiTxis avtorT, vinaidan es uaRresi mniSvnelobisaa
yoveli socialistisTvis. marTlac, Tu ki dResve SeiZleba gasazo­
gadoebrioba sxvadasxva dargebisa, sxva da sxva warmoebis sferoSi,
gana amas romelime socialisti uaryofs? me velodi dasaxelebas
am warmoebisas da ai Cem yurs moesma axlod ori sityva: afTiaqi da
eleqtroni. me ara mgonia, rom am or dargze warmoebisa daemyaros,
an momaval socializmis Zalebi, man unda Sehqmnas iseTi diadi ram, an
iseT faqtorad iqces, iseTi mniSvnelovani gaxdes, rom momaval wyo­
bilebis Canasaxad gardaqceva mainc moaxerxos. es ubralo municipa­
luri ekonomiuri politikaa, romelzedac Tamamad, rogorc maxsovs,
vgoneb, Zvel drosac, ai mefis weswyobileba rom iyo, maSinac Tamamad
laparakobdnen, proeqtebs adgendnen mis gansaxorcieleblad. magram
maSin aravin ar fiqrobda, rom aqedan iseTi diadi Sedegebi warmodge­
boda, romelsac aq gvixataven.
marTlac Tu iqidan warmoidgineT socialisturi nabijebis Cven­
Sic SesaZlebloba, rom germaniaSi xdeba iseTi didi gasaxelmwifoe­

99
brioba da gasazogadoebrioba warmoebis dargebisa, unda gulax­
dilaT mogaxsenoT, rom es gamowveulia iq im veeba, did ekonomiur
ZalTa ganviTarebiTa da farTe warmoebiT, romelmac saocari sis­
wrafiT gaSala frTebi am ukanasknel dros germaniaSi da romliTac
man TiTqmis mTel kaciobriobas gauswro. magram Tu es xdeba ganviTare­
bis umaRles safexurze, es kidev ar niSnavs, rom msgavsi ram CvenTvisac
SesaZlebelia, radganac aseTi ganviTareba CvenSi arc ki dawyebula
da gana SeiZleba gansazogadoebriveba imis, rac arc dawyebula? da
rodesac aseT proeqtebs gviyeneben, rogorc erTad erT saxelmwifoe­
briv gegmas, Cven unda gulaxdilad vsTqvaT: social-demokratiuli
fraqcia aseT eqsperimentebis gzas ver daadgeba. rac ar arsebobs, imis
gasazogadoebriobaze laparaki zedmetia. jer unda Zala warmoiSvas,
Seiqnas is urTierToba, is texnikuri ekonomiuri saSualeba, romel­
zedac SeiZleba dayrdnoba da Semdeg gveqneba msjeloba, Tu rogori
saxe unda mieces mis sazogado moxmarebas, gasazogadoebrivebas. mana­
mdis ki, sanam Cven ekonomiur ZalTa ganviTareba saTanado safexurs ar
miaxwevs, amaze sjobs vsdumdeT.
CvenTvis, rasakvirvelia, Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs koleq­
tiur, SeerTebul moRvaweobas, arsebiTad, rogoric aris qalaqis
TviTmarTveloba, erobebi, kooperativebi da sxva, magram ara naklebi
mniSvneloba aqvs kerZo iniciativas. sadac da visSiac ki aseT inicia­
tivas davinaxavT, Cven mxolod xelis Semwyobi viqnebiT misi. Cven, rom
daujeroT mopirdapireebs da avarTvaT kerZo iniciativas saSualeba
Tavis energiis gamoCenisa es eniSneba imas, rom qveyanas CamovarTvaT
erTi didi Zala, romelsac SeuZlian monawileoba miiRos mis momaval
ekonomiur cxovrebis ganviTarebaSi.
ai es gaxldaT is saerTo xazi Sinaur politikaSi, romelsac Cven
vadgivarT. TviT reformebi, romlebsac atarebda Cveni fraqciis xe­
lmZRvanelobiT Cveni mTavroba, TviT es revoliucionuri reformebi,
Tavis arsebiT, Tavis mniSvnelobiT am saerTo xazs ar gadascilebia;
agraruli reformac swored amave xasiaTisa iyo, da swored amisT­
vis gaxda igi misaRebi Cveni xalxisaTvis. es reforma gatarebulia
swored arCevnebis win, da arCevnebis SedegebSi Cven gvaqvs dastu­
ri imis, rom xalxs is moewona, xalxma is misaRebad CaTvala, mizanSe­
wonilad da Sesaferisad Cveni cxovrebis ur­TierTobisa.
is, rac arCevnebis win gatarebulia cxovrebaSi, rac waredgineba
xalxs arCevnebis win, iRebs dasturs, an uaryofas arCevnebSi. da ai,
Sedegi arCevnebisa Cven gveubneba, rom es nabiji iyo swori da dRes
maT gauqmebaze laparaki sul zedmetia damfuZnebel krebaSi; piriqiT
Cven gvgonia, da Rrmad darwmunebuli varT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
aseT arCevnebis Semdeg valdebulia, es aSkarad da mkafiod gamoxat­
uli neba, survili xalxisa ganaxorcielos da cxovrebaSi gaataros.
sxva gvarad ar SegviZlian warmovidginoT TviT damfuZnebel krebis
mniSvneloba da misi azri, Tu is ar ganaxorcielebs imas, rac xalx­

100
ma gamosTqva, rac misma gonebam gadasWra, rac man TavisTvis sasarge­
blod miiCnia.
saSinao politikaSi Cven, maSasadame SemdegSiac im saerTo
demokratiul xazs unda davadgeT, romelic vimeoreb, saukeTeso Tav­
debia Cveni momavali weswyobilebisaTvis momzadebisa.
aseTsave xazs unda davadgeT Cven, da videqiT kidec dRemdis
sagareo politikur urTierTobaSi: demokratiuli sagareo politi­
ka verasodes ver daemsgavseba verc viwro burJuaziul nacionalur
sagareo politikas (xma: socialisturi) diax, da verc iseTi gaxdeba,
rogorsac aq axali memarcxeneebi gvikarnaxeben, romliTac TiTqos
SeiZleboda moskovis, an sxva aseT wreebis megobrobis mopoveba. Cven
gvgonia, rom CvenTvis saWiroa da aucilebeli im axali demokratiul
xazis gatareba sagareo urTierTobaSi, romelsac dRemde vadeqiT.
aq aris laparaki ara marto imaze, rom saerTaSoriso urTierTobas
safuZvlad unda daedos urTierT ganwyobileba Zmobisa da solidar­
obis, aramed imazedac, rom am saerTaSoriso urTierTobis mTavari
ZarRvi unda iyos saerTo mSvidobianobisadmi miswrafeba, me vici ra
sastik kritikas gamoiwvevs es politika. gvetyvian, _ gana Cven mudmiv
omianobis xanaSi ar vcxovrobTo? diax vcxovrobT, me mets vityvi, saqa­
rTvelos ar hqonia arc erTi dRe, rom iaraRi ar sWerodes xelSi da
mteri ar moegerebios. magram saqme imaSi ki ar aris, rom mteri gvesx­
meva Tavs, saqme imaSia, rom xazi sagareo politikisa, sagareo urT­
ierTobisa iyos iaraRi imave dros damcveli saxelmwifosi, da meores
mxriv momniWebeli gamarjvebisa. da Cven SegviZlian Tamamad vsTqvaT,
rom is Ria, aSkara, naTeli politika, naTeli politikuri xazi, ro­
melsac awarmoebs Cveni demokratia dRemdi, daedva safuZvlad imas,
rom yoveli mteri, romelic ki garedan Semogvesia, yovelTvis moral­
uradac damarcxebul iqmna da fizikuradac damarcxda saqarTvelos
demokratiis mier. (taSi) SesaZlebelia Cven, rom veragulad da muxa­
naTurad Tavs davsxmodiT, magaliTad somxebs, SeiZleba loric agve­
Ro da aleqsandropolic, magram Cven did zneobriv damarcxebas mi­
viRebdiT. SesaZlebeli iyo agreTve, rom sxva gareSe mezoblebisTvis
dagvenaxvebina Cveni Zala, da iaraRiT Ramis sibneleSi davcemodiT,
magram me, vambob, demokratiisTvis aqvs mniSvneloba ara imas, rom
iaraRis gamarjveba moipovos, aramed imas, rom iaraRiT gamarjvebas­
Tan erTad moipovos zneobrivi gamarjvebac da ase ganamtkicos is mTa­
vari idea, rom misi sityva da misi saqme mimarTulia swored xalxis
solidarobisaken; da TviT maSinac ki, rodesac misi iaraRi sWris da
scelavs, igi unda sWrides ara ideas mSvidobianobisas, aramed am mS­
vidobianobis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTul Zalas. es aris mTavari xazi
Cveni mTavrobis politikisa dRes, da es xazi man unda gaataros kidev
ufro meti sisworiT, ufro meti gambedaobiT. Cven, rasakvirvelia
gvaqvs ara erTi wvrilmani Secdomebi. magram gana vinc axal gzas ikaf­
avs, waborZikebis ufleba ara aqvs? damisaxeleT iseTi Zveli, gamoc­

101
dili diplomati, romelsac angariSi erTxelac ar SeSlodes da maSin
me vityvi, rom Cvenc ar unda wavforxilebuliyaviT meTqi. maSasadame
is mTavari xazi, romelic gvaniWebs mudmiv gamarjvebas yovel mxriv
saerTaSoriso urTerTobis sferoSi, gana es wesi ar aris misaRebi da
dasamtkicebeli damfuZnebel krebisgan? pasuxi aq erTad erTi SeiZle­
ba. dadebiT Secdomebze Cven unda vilaparakoT maSin, rodesac konk­
retiul faqtebTan gveqneba saqme, da ara dRes, rodesac vmsjelobT
sazogado politikur xazze, Tamamad SegviZlian vsTqvaT, es xazi iyo
swori, es xazi iyo udavo, da mimniWebeli CvenTvis gamarjvebisa, da es
xazi unda darCes momavalSiac. aq kidev erT garemoebas gansakuTrebi­
Ti yuradReba unda mivaqcio, esaa izoliacia saqarTvelosi, romelic
gamowveuli iyo TiTqos am Cveni sagareo politikiT. me ki vambob, Tu
izoliaciis rgoli tydeba, da tydeba TandaTanobiT, es aris Sedegi
Cveni demokratiuli politikisa, da TviT izoliacia ki aris Sedegi
ara Cveni politikisa, aramed Sedegi imisa, rom saqarTveloa erTad
erTi kuTxe, romelsac namdvili revoliucionuri suli da guli Ser­
Ca. Tu gindaT analogia, igi im mxriv safrangeTs waagavs, safrangeTs
konventis droisas, rodesac safrangeTs mteri eseoda yovel mxriv.
magram es iyo Sedegi ara safrangeTis Sinaur da sagareo politikisa,
aramed maTi revoliucionerobisa. Tqven iciT isic, rom yvela Tav­
dasxmas, romelic ganicada saqarTvelos demokratiam, yvela Tavdasx­
mas sarCulad edo mospoba imisa, rac Cven revoliuciiT mogvipovebia,
gauqmeba yvela im Rirebulebisa, romelic xalxma sisxliT SeiZina,
da romlis SenarCuneba mas swadda, da swadia dResac. ai es gaxlavT
mTavari mizezi, umTavresi safuZveli Cven garSemo atexil omianobi­
sa. diax, es Tu, gnebavT aris omi ara marto saxelmwifoebrivi, aramed
umTavresad da upirveles yovlisa wminda klasobrivi. es aris omi am
demokratiis winaaRmdeg, vinaidan Tamamad SeiZleba vsTqva, rom Cven
gvaqvs saxelmwifo, saqarTvelos respublika, romelic ase vsTqvaT,
udris meore mcnebas, demokratias, demokratiis mmarTvelobas da
batonobas, da aris Zalebi da elementebi Cvens garSemo, romelic ra
saxiTac da ra formiTac unda Camoyalibdes, es iqneba mxolod bege­
bi da sxva Zveli gabatonebuli wreebi, romelTa interesi verasodes
ver Seurigdeba, ver SeuTanmxdeba, ver Seiwynarebs revoliucias,
demokratiis interesebs, da amaT Soris brZolis iaraRiT Setakeba
gana gasakvirvelia? yoveli forma da saxe, romelsac iRebs es omi, es
brZola, aris mxolod is Sirma, romeliTac surT dahfaron namdvili
klasobrivi, pirdapir Savrazmuli Tavdasxma Cvens demokratiaze. Ta­
vis droze TviTeul am omis istoria ase iyo gaSuqebuli da dRes amis
uaryofa iqneba mxolod faqtebis winaSe Tvalis dabrmaveba.
aseTi gaxlavT is saerTo xazi, saerTo mimdinareoba, romel­
sac adgia Cven mier arCeul pirisagan Sedgenili mTavroba da so­
cial-demokratiis fraqcia, romlis saxeliT me vlaparakob. dRes,
savsebiT iziarebs im politikas, da swams, rom damfuZnebeli kreba,

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romelic Seqmnilia qarTvel demokratiis mier Tavis brZolis un­
ariT, Tavis politikur gamWriaxobiT, dRes mxarSi amoudgeba mTeli
Tavis energiiT, mTeli Tavis ZlierebiT am mTavrobas; da es mTavroba,
rogorc dRemdis atarebda yovelgvar gansacdelSi Cveni qveynis navs,
ise dRes gaatarebs mas, raTa gadaarCinos yovelgvar xifaTisagan da
miaxwios iq, saiTkenac miiswrafeba Cveni eri, Cveni demokratia, Cveni
xalxi. (taSi).

soc. dem. da soc. federalistebis formulebi.

Tavmjdomare. Cawerili aRaravin aris. maSasadame kamaTi Sew­yve­


tilia. jer-jerobiT araviTari winadadeba ar maqvs. gaxlavT ori
rezoliucia Semotanili, erTi social-demokratebis mier da meore
social-federalistebis mier.
rezoliucia social-demokratebisa aris Semdegi (kiTxulobs)
„moismina ra moxseneba mTavrobis Sedgenis Sesaxeb da misi samo­
qmedo programa, damfuZnebeli kreba savsebiT iwonebs mas, amtkicebs
mTavrobis Semadgenlobas da gadadis morig sakiTxebze.“
kenWs uyri am rezoliucias. vin aris momxre? vin Seikava Tavi?
(Tavi Seikaves eserebma da social-federalistebma).
soc. federalistebis rezoliucia: „damfuZnebelma krebam mois­
mina gan­cxadeba mTavrobis Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb da agreTve misi
deklaracia da gadadis morig sakiTxzed“.
vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame miRebulia so­
cial-demokratebis rezoliucia (gobeCia: ar moelodiT?)
pirveli sakiTxi ganxiluli gaxlavT.
neba momeciT meore sakiTxze gadavide _ samandato komisiis mox­
senebaze. sityva ekuTnis momxsenebels urataZes.

samandato komisiis moxseneba.

grigol urataZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, samandato komisiam ganixila


centraluri komisiis oqmebi, ganixila yvela is sadavo arCevnebi, ro­
melic aRniSnulia am komisiis oqmebSi. gamoitana Tavisi dadgenileba
da pativi maqvs mogaxsenoT Semdegi: is arCevnebi, romelic samandato
komisias udavoT ucvnia komisiam Tavis mxriv daadastura. man gamohyo
mxolod is arCevnebi, romelsac gamouwvevia centralur komisiaSi
dava. aseTi gaxlavT arCevnebi: duSeTisa, romelic komisias ar daumt­
kicebia imitom, rom arCevnebis meore dRes, rodesac komisia Sesula,
unaxavs Weri Catexili da rodesac Seumowmebia saarCevno yuTi qveS
daWyletili yofila. saqme gadauciaT gamomZieblisaTvis da rodesac
gamomZiebeli daasrulebs Tavis gamoZiebas mas Semdeg moxsendeba cen­

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tralur komisias, da mxolod mas Semdeg miecema saSualeba samandato
komisias es xmebi gaanawilos sxva da sxva partiaTa Soris. amitom sama­
dato komisiam dastova es sakiTxi RiaT.
Semdegi gaxlavT xaSuris arCevnebi. xaSuris arCevnebSi momxda­
ra Semdegi defeqti: cameti amomrCeveli ar aris Setanili aRniSnul
oqmebSi, saarCevno komisias gamourkvevia is sakiTxi da iq aRmoCenila
Semdegi: erTi siidan meoreze gadaweris dros gamoCenila is cameti
amomrCeveli, amitom centralur komisias kanonieraT ucvnia arCevne­
bi da miuTvlia es xmebi pirvel nomerisTvis.
Semdeg gaxldaT aseTi SemTxveva: raWis zogierT kuTxeSi yuTi
aemoZravebiaT da sxva da sxva alagas daedgaT. amis Sesaxeb gankar­
guleba moaxdina centralurma komisiam da es soflebic TanaxmaT am
gankargulebisa moqceula. samandato komisiam es arCevnebi daamtki­
ca, mxolod daadgina, rom aReniSna es defektebi. unda mogaxsenoT,
rom rodesac centralurma komisiam gamoitana es dadgenileba, aq
daeswro yvela partiis warmomadgeneli da rogorc sCans saTanado
oqmidgan, araviTari protesti ar iyo gancxadebuli.
imave raWaSi iyo Semdegi SemTxveva: rogorc mogexsenebaT arCev­
nebi unda dawyebuliyo 14-s da dasrulebuliyo 17-s; raWis mazraSi
ki zogierT soflebSi arCevnebi 17-s daiwyo da gagrZelda 3-dRe. amis
mizezi gaxldaT is, rom arCevnebis dros mosula didi Tovli, komisia
gaCerebula gzaSi, saSualeba ar hqonia misuliyo aRniSnul adgilze
da arc amrCevlebs hqoniaT saSualeba yuTTan gamocxadebuliyvnen. sa­
mazro komisiam neba darTo arCevnebi dawyebuliyo 17-s. ase rom xe­
lovnurad da borot moqmedebiT ar yofila gamowveuli arCevnebis
daniSvna vadis Semdeg, aramed sruliad moulodnelma dabrkolebam
xeli SeuSala, da rom amrCevlebis did umetesobas miscemoda saSuale­
ba Tavis moqalaqeobrivi ufleba ganexorcielebina, samazro komisias
daurTavs neba. samandato komisiam miiRo mxedvelobaSi da arCevnebi
daamtkica, magram iqve daumata, rom esec aReniSnos damfuZnebel kre­
bis sayuradRebod.
Semdeg gaxlavT Telavis mazris arCevnebi. aq ramdenime soflis
arCevnebma eWvi gamoiwvia samandato komisiaSi. es exeba erTis mxriv
sofel gulgulas. am sofelSi momxdara Semdegi SemTxveva: adgilo­
briv sazogado yrilobas daudgenia, rom ama Tu im dRes gamovcxad­
deT yvela da yvelam mivceT xma #1. da asec uqniaT. arCevnebis dRes
marTlac yvela gamocxadebula da miuciaT xma, magram saarCevno
komisias xmebi adgilobriv ar dauTvlia. yuTi iqve daubeWdiaT da
CamoutaniaT samazro komisiaSi. samazro komisias sxva da sxva parti­
aTa warmomadgenelTan gauxsnia da marTlac aRmoCenila imdeni xma,
ramdeni amrCevelic gamocxadebula, da yvelas miucia #1. centralur
komisias es arCevnebi ar daumtkicebia manam, sanam ar gagzavnes spe­
cialuri komisia TelavSi, rom gamoerkviaT, hqonda Tu ara adgili
raime borot-moqmedebas. centralur komisiis mier gagzavnili mcire

104
komisia, dabrunebis Semdeg akeTebs moxsenebas, romlidanac irkveva,
rom araviTar borot-moqmedebas adgili ar hqonia. mxolod Tu yuTi
gasaxsnelad CamoutaniaT samazro komisiaSi, es aixsneba imiT, rom
soflis sazogadoeba ar aris gacnobili yvela kanonebs, romelnic
unda daicvas. aq hqonia adgili ubralo gulubpyvrilobas da ara
borotmoqmedebas. centralur komisiam gaiziara es Sexeduloba da
arCevnebi daamtkica.
Semdeg aris ramdenime sofeli imave Telavis mazraSi, romelTa
damtkicebam saarCevno komisiaSi gamoiwvia dava. am davas iwvevs is
garemoeba, rom zogierT yuTebSi aRmoCnda konvertebi meti, vidre
iyvnen amrCevlebi. magram es konvertebis umravlesoba iseT mcire
ricxvs warmoadgens, rom SeuZlebelia, ifiqros kacma, rom aq hqonda
raime borot-moqmedebas adgili. zogan, magaliTad aris 17-ti, zogan
2. saarCevno centralur komisiam daamtkica is oqmebi, da samandato
komisiamac daamtkica, mxolod gamosTqva, rom es defeqtebi aRsaniSna­
vi aris damfuZnebel krebis sayuradRebod. TviT is faqti, rom yuTeb­
Si meti konvertebi aRmoCnda, vidre amrCevlebi, aixsneba imiT, rom
sofelSi amrCevlebi modian erTad da siebSi aRniSvnas ver aswrebden.
Setanili ki yvela yofila. es ar CaiTvleba rasakvirvelia borot-mo­
qmedebaT da samandato komisiam es oqmebi daamtkica.
Semdeg gaxlavs wyneTis da sxva sazogadoebebis oqmebi. aq momxda­
ra, rogorc irkveva centralur komisiis oqmebidan, raRac borot-mo­
qmedeba. amis Sesaxeb daniSnulia komisiebi. komisiebis muSaoba jer ar
damTavrebula, amisTvis centralur komisias ar miuTvlia arc erT
partiisaTvis es xmebi, da samandato komisiac moklebuli iyo saSuale­
bas es xmebi mieTvala, sanam ar gamoirkveva ramdenad kanonierad mox­
da es arCevnebi. amitom es xmebi arc erT partias ar eqneba miTvlili.
jer-jerobiT am rigad yvela amis aRniSvnis Semdeg samandato komisiam
saarCevno oqmebi yvela arCevnebisa daamtkica. is xmebi, romelnic cen­
tralur komisias ar dauTvlia, samandato komisiasac ar miuTvlia.
am rigad saerTo xmebi, romelnic kanonierad aris cnobilni udris
505,477. 15-t partiaTa Soris es xmebi ganawilebulni arian ese:
siam #1. (saq. soc. dem. muS. partiam) miiRo 409.766 xma.
siam #2. (saq. er.-dem. partiam) miiRo ... 30.154 xma.
siam #3. (saq. soc. rev. partiam) miiRo ... 21.453 xma.
siam #4.(„daSnakciutiun“-ma) miiRo ... 2.353 xma.
siam #5. (saq. soc. feder. partiam) miiRo ... 33.721 xma.
siam #6. (musul. erovnul sabWom) miiRo ... 6 xma.
siam #7. (saq. rad. demokr.) miiRo ... 3.107 xma.
siam #8. (saq. erovnul partiam) miiRo ... 1.532 xma.
siam #9. (memarc. soc. federalist par.) miiRo ... 1.616 xma.
siam #10. (SoTa rusTavlis jguf. par.) miiRo ... 51 xma.
siam #11. (damouk. upart. kavS.) miiRo ... 795 xma.
siam #12. (borC. mas. mcxov. mos. jguf.) miiRo 77 xma.

105
siam #13. (rus. soc. dem. muS. par.) miiRo . 779 xma.
siam #14. (estetiurma ligam patriot.) miiRo 53 xma.
siam #15. (saq. elinTa demokr. jgufma) miiRo 14 xma.
Semdeg gamoangariSebuli aris metri. metri udris 3724 x.
metri aris dontis sistemisa da mogexsenebaT am sistemis Sinaar­
si, rom Tu romelime partia, Tu ginda savaraudo metris nakleb xmas
miiRebs, eseni iricxvebian saerTo ricxvidan da maTi xmebi aravis ar
eTvleba. am metris Tanaxmad xmebi ganawilebulia partiebTa Soris
da gamoangariSebuli aris, Tu ramdenma partiam ramdeni deputati
gaiyvana.
social-demokratiulma partiam _ 109-deputati.
1. Jordania noe nikolozis Ze.
2. jiblaZe silibistro besarionis Ze.
3. CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) simonis Ze.
4. wereTeli irakli giorgis Ze.
5. ramiSvili noe besarionis Ze.
6. gegeWkori evgeni petres Ze.
7. xomeriki noe giorgis Ze.
8. ramiSvili isidore ivanes Ze.
9. Cxenkeli akaki ivanes Ze.
10. arsenisZe raJden maTes Ze.
11. lomTaTiZe aleqsandre spiridonis Ze.
12. giorgaZe grigol kimoTes Ze.
13. maxaraZe gerasime Tomas Ze.
14. eliava nikoloz zurabis Ze.
15. CxikviSvili beniamin grigolis Ze.
16. ServaSiZe varlam aleqsandres Ze.
17. juReli valeriani anTimosis Ze.
18. niniZe kirile ieses Ze.
19. vardoianci mikiC karapetis Ze.
20. axmetelaSvili vladimer giorgis Ze.
21. andronikaSvili konstantine manuelis Ze.
22. kovaliovi mixeil andrias Ze.
23. oniaSvili daviT efremis Ze.
24. xoWolava muxriniona maqsimes Ze.
25. dgebuaZe aleqsandre ivanes Ze.
26. farnievi aleqsandre ivanes Ze.
27. Tevzaia biqtor vasilis Ze.
28. gvarjalaZe konstantine iagoris Ze.
29. abaSiZe haidar alibegis Ze.
30. gernSteini erik adolfis Ze.
31. eraZe giorgi pavles Ze.
32. loskutovi andria vasilis Ze.
33. salayaia ioseb beJanis Ze.

106
34. gelieiSvili petre pavles Ze.
35. jafariZe sergo daviTis Ze.
36. ter-parsegova maxvilaZisa eleonora mixeilis asuli.
37. saluqvaZe anania maqsimes Ze.
38. TofuriZe diomide aleqsandres Ze.
39. jiblaZe vladimer giorgis Ze.
40. mamedovi gusein guli-mamed oRli.
41. rusia meliton ivanes Ze.
42. anjafariZe giorgi nestoris Ze.
43. SarvaSiZe yadir Tanbegis Ze.
44. paSalidi ivane giorgis Ze.
45. CixlaZe rafiel aleqsis Ze.
46. sayvareliZe pavle daviTis Ze.
47. cabaZe vasil zaqarias Ze.
48. naTaZe levan iasonis Ze.
49. gagloevi giorgi aleqsis Ze.
50. urataZe grigol ilarionis Ze.
51. davaraSvili mose raxamis Ze.
52. jafariZe konstantine iasonis Ze.
53. cincaZe noe konstantines Ze.
54. Zvelaia barnab pavles Ze.
55. guruli zaqaria daviTis Ze.
56. Ciqava aleqsandre Citos Ze.
57. yifiani ruben luarsabis Ze.
58. SaraSiZe daviTi grigolis Ze.
59. mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze.
60. gonaSvili dimitri mixeilis Ze.
61. toroSeliZe minadora efremis asuli.
62. surgulaZe simon elizbaris Ze.
63. gurjua vasil giorgis Ze.
64. nodia vasil giorgis Ze.
65. auStrovi ruben giorgis Ze.
66. miqelaZe osman Savyi efendi.
67. qumsiSvili nikoloz giorgis Ze.
68. sabaxtaraSvili konstantine beJanis Ze.
69. panievi konstantine abgeris Ze.
70. kandelaki konstantine platonis Ze.
71. badriZe ilia giorgis Ze.
72. SaraSiZe qristine giorgis asuli.
73. sulaqveliZe apolon almasxanis Ze.
74. kopaleiSvili ilia ivenes Ze.
75. WavWaniZe ivane Tedores Ze.
76. WiabriSvili andria iakobis Ze.
77. cincaZe giorgi iosebis Ze.

107
78. CxeiZe daviT anduyafris Ze.
79. bolqvaZe elisabed iosebis asuli.
80. ciskariSvili gabriel dimitris Ze.
81. TevzaZe sardion onisimes Ze.
82. cincibaZe grigol dimitris Ze.
83. fircxalaiSvili ilia giorgis Ze.
84. kikvaZe Tedore gabrielis Ze.
85. kaciaSvili nikoloz aRdgomelis Ze.
86. tatiSvili ivane aleqsis Ze.
87. kvaracxelia ioseb antonis Ze.
88. wulaZe vasil qaixosros Ze.
89. imnaiSvili nikifore besarionis Ze.
90. emuxvari arzaya konstantines Ze.
91. gomarTeli ivane gedevanis Ze.
92. biuli pavle iakobis Ze.
93. eligulaSvili ioseb aaronis Ze.
94. kiRuraZe lavrosi pavles Ze.
95. gvaramaZe Tavaz-yadir-mamac-guli oRli.
96. ruxaZe levan porfiles Ze
97. axmetelaSvili siko giorgis Ze.
98. SevCuki gerasime dimitris Ze.
99. zaxarovi dimitri vasilis Ze.
100. wulaia pavle lukas Ze.
101. beriSvili pavle abramis Ze.
102. bakuraZe vasil zurabis Ze.
103. kalaZe ermaloz TeTores(!) Ze.
104. WeliZe Teimuraz stefanes Ze.
105. murvaniZe giorgi eqvTimes Ze.
106. faRava giorgi aqvsentis Ze.
107. maWavariani ioseb ivanes Ze.
108. JRenti leonti almasxanis Ze.
109. loria filipe glaxunis Ze.
erovnul-demokratiulma partiam _ 8 deputati.
1. nikolaZe nikolozi (niko) iakobis Ze,
2. kedia spiridon malxazis Ze.
3. qiqoZe geronti dimitris Ze.
4. gvazava giorgi beJanis Ze.
5. TayaiSvili eqvTime svimonis Ze.
6. maWavariani ioseb konstantines Ze.
7. asaTiani aleqsandre samsonis Ze.
8. surgulaZe petre rostomis Ze.
soc. revoliucionerebma _ 5 deputati.
1. Sengelia leo andrias Ze.
2. nucubiZe ilia daviTis Ze.

108
3. gobeCia ivane pavles Ze.
4. gobeCia ioseb pavles Ze.
5. naTaZe grigol iasonis Ze.
soc. federalistTa sarevoliucio partiam _ 8 deputati.
1. lasxiSvili giorgi mixeilis Ze.
2. rcxilaZe grigol simonis Ze.
3. nucubiZe varlam (Salva) isakis Ze
4. fircxalava samson giorgis Ze.
5. aleqsi mesxiSvili Salva vladimeris Ze.
6. baraTaSvili iese aleqsandres Ze.
7. gedevaniSvili ioseb konstantines Ze.
8. mdivani simon gurgenis Ze.
sxva danarCen partiebs ar gauyvaniaT arc erTi deputati. saman­
dato komisia winadadebas iZleva, rom damfuZnebel krebam icnos es
arCevnebi kanonierad da daamtkicos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ioseb baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (soc. f.) Cveni fraqcia zogierT SemTxvevaSi ar
eTanxmeba samandato komisiis dadgenilebas.
rogorc moismineT momxsenebelisgan raWaSi momxdar zogierT qa­
laqebSi, zogierT soflebSi raWis mazrisa arCevnebi momxdara 17, 18
da 19-s 14-15-16-s Tebervlis magier. marTalia im dros qarbuqi idga
da biuletenebi ver gadaitanes daniSnul droze, magram aqedan ver ga­
moitanT daskvnas, rom romelime komisias eZleodes Cveni debulebiT
ufleba Tavisi nebiT daniSnos axali vada arCevnebisa. amisTvis Cven
Semogvaqvs winadadeba, rom es arCevnebi gadaidos SemdegisTvis,
rodesac danarCen alagebSi moxdeba damatebiTi arCevnebi da es ki Cve­
nis azriT gauqmebuli unda iyos.
Telavis mazraSi, rogorc moismineT moxda arCevnebi sofel gul­
gulaSi. es arCevnebi ukanonoa, radganac arCevnebis kanoni aris dar­
Rveuli. me unda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba, rom ar ari daculi for­
maluri mxare. magram im formas mosdevs Sinaarsis darRvevac. me ver
vityvi, rom moxda raime borotmoqmedeba. miuxedavad amisa aRsaniS­
navia, rom sul amomrCevlebi iyvnen 429 da arCevnebSi yvelas miuRia
monawileoba. es hbades eWvs. amisTana arCevnebi arsad ar momxdara:
arc erTi avad ar gamxdara, arc erTi dahklebia, suyvela mosula yuT­
Tan. es yuTi CautaniaT mazris komisiaSi q. TelavSi da iq dauTvli­
aT, biuletenebi. es darRveva aris kanonisa, da Cven ver CavTvliT amas
wesierad.
sofel yarajala da axtalaSi, rogorc moismineT, ricxvi gamocxa­
debuli amomrCevelTa raodenobisa ar eTviseba sias. gamocxadebulni
aRniSnulni arian, siaSi da merme rodesac daiTvales biuletenebi,
ukanaskneli aRmoCnda meti. amas adgilobrivi komisia xsnis imiT, rom
xalxi erTbaSad movida da ver moaswres Cawera siaSi. es sabuTi, ar
migvaCnda sapatiod. sami dRe iyo arCevnebi, 16-ti kvira dRe iyo, xalxi

109
Tavisufali iyo da dros ganawileba SeiZleboda. komisias saSualeba
hqonda arCevnebi moewesrigebina?
Cvenis azriT ukanono iyo arCevnebi Tbilisis 14 da 20 ubanSi. Cven
gvgonia, es arCevnebic gauqmebulad unda CaiTvalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs aleqsandre asaTians.
aleqsandre asaTiani. (erovnul.-dem.) bb. damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrno! erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis davalebiT, ukve momxdari
arCevnebis zogierT mxares unda Sevexo. damfuZnebel krebis samanda­
to komisiis mdgomareoba iseTi iyo, rom mas ar unda daemtkicebina
yvela arCevnebi an da daerRvia arCevnebis didi nawili, vinaidan kan­
onis darRvevas da gadaxvevas damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi saerTo
da sayovelTao xasiaTi hqonda.
saarCevno kanoni, erovnuli sabWos mier gamocemuli, rogorc mo­
gexsenebaT, parlamentma _ Secvala social-demokratiuli partiis
winadadebiT. yvela vadebi Sesaxeb siebis gamoqveynebisa, maTi Secvli­
sa, Sesworebisa da sx., Sesaxeb saarCevno baraTebis dagzavnisa da
darigebisa, sanaxevrod Semoklebuli iyo. damfuZnebeli krebis arCev­
nebis daCqarebas social-demokratebi imiT asabuTeben, rom saerTaSo­
riso mdgomareoba amas moiTxovso, rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebeli
kreba rom oriode kviriT ufro gvian Sekrebiliyo, didi ubedureba
ar iqneboda. am vadis Semoklebas ki, rasakvirvelia, mniSvnelovani Se­
degebi moyva. ar moeswro siebis Sedgena, qalaqebs garda arsad siebi
ar gamoqveynebula da, rasakvirvelia, ar Sesworebula, komisiebi na­
Cqarevad Sedga, saarCevno baraTebi gvian midioda ad­gilebze da sx.
TviT damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno kanons didi nakli hqonda. es
ar unda daviviwyoT, rodesac momavali parlamentisaTvis saarCevno
kanonis SemuSavebas daviwyebT TviT kanonSi aRvniSnav mxolod texni­
kur nakls, isic erTs. kanoni moiTxovs, rom yvela saarCevno komisiebi
Semdgariyo adgilobriv „partiul ZalTa ganwyobilebis mixedviT“,
aseTi principi miuRebelia. SeuZlebelia sasamarTlos, adminis­
traciis, an mmarTvelobis sxva raime gamgebloba „partiul ZalTa gan­
wyobilebis mixedviT“ dgebodes. aseTi wesiT Semdgari marTveloba
arasodes ar iqneba kanonis namdvili damcveli da misi morCili. ro­
gori iyo „partiuli ZalTa ganwyobileba“, rasakvirvelia, mmarTveli
partia arkvevda da amis gamo zogierTs mazraSi komisiis wevrebad
srulebiTac ar iniSneboda Cveni partiis wevrebi.
es TviT komisiis oficialuri Semadgenloba. magram amas garda
partiebs ufleba eniWebaT Tavisi TiTo warmomadgenelni yolodaT
saarCevno komisiebSi. mraval adgilas aseTs warmomadgenelsac ar Re­
bulobdnen, Tumca kanonSi es ufleba aSkarad aris aRniSnuli. ambob­
den _ Cven amis Sesaxeb araviTari instruqcia ar migviRiao.
ase calmxrivi Semadgenlobis komisiebi awyobden mTels saqarTve­
loSi arCevnebs. aseTi komisiebis oqmebi aris is masala, romlis mixed­
viT amtkicebda arCevnebs centraluri da Semdgom damfuZnebeli kre­

110
bis komisia. komisiebis oqmebSi versad ver dainaxavT, rom komisiaSi
raime azrTa sxva da sxvaoba yofiliyos, an protestebi. es imiT aixsne­
ba, rom komisiis Semadgenloba TiTqmis savsebiT erTi partiis iyo da
es komisiebi umravlesobis dadgenilebas swerda oqmSi da TiTo oro­
la wevris azris aRniSvnas sruliad saWirod ar sTvlida.
parlamentis mraval mxriv Seuferebeli saarCevno kanoni sayovel­
Taod irRvevoda, amis pirveli magaliTi TviT parlamentis saarCevno
centralurma komisiam misca. kanoni aSkarad ambobs: „saarCevno ba­
raTebi (biuletenebi) erTnairi unda iyoso“. Tqven mogexsenebad Tu
ramdenad erTnairi iyo sxva da sxva partiebis biuletenebi, an feriT,
an qaRaldis zomiT, Tu sisqiT, an nabeWdis feriT. rasakvirvelia,
rodesac kanoni iwereboda, rom yvela partiebi biuletenSi erTnai­
ri yofiliyo es imitom, rom amas didi mniSvneloba hqonda, Semdgom
komisiam daakanona „moZravi yuTi. amis Sedegi mogexsenebaT rogori
iyo. yvelgan yuTs „aamoZravebden“, e. i. sofel-sofel Camoatarebden
saxlebSi da iq miaceminebden xmas. rasakvirvelia aseTs pirobebSi ar
SeiZleboda xmis micemis saidumloebis dacva da yovelive es mxolod
mmarTveli partiis sasargeblo iyo.
saarCevno baraTebi Tavis droze ar midioda adgilze. zogs
mazraSi partiebs arCevnebis erTi Tu ori dRis wineT gadasces bi­
uletenebi. aseTs pirobebSi, rasakvirvelia, SeuZlebeli iqneboda
maTi wesierad darigeba roca partia ar kisrulobda biuletenebis
darigebas, kanonis ZaliT, TviT komisiebs unda daerigebinaT es bi­
uletenebi. kanonis es moTxovnileba arsad ar Sesrulebula. yuTebi
wesierad ar keTdeboda, ar ibeWdeboda da iluqeboda, kanonierad
ar xsnidnen mas da ar iTvlidnen, xSirad konvertebs dauTvlelad
waiRebdnen meore sofelSi da sx, mravali iyo SemTxveva, rom xmas
aZlevdnen iseTebs, vinc siaSi Setanili ar iyo. konvertebi xSirad
xmis mimcemlebze meti aRmoCenila. am movlenebs SemTxveviTi xasiaTi
ar hqonia, aramed TiTqmis sayovelTao iyo. aqa-iq aseTi movlena aRbe­
Wdilia komisiebis oqmebSi, magram yvela aseTi arCevnebi damtkicebu­
lia centralur komisiis mier. iyo iseTi bednieri sofeli gul-gula,
kaxeTSi, sadac 429 pirs hqonda xma da yvela isini aramc Tu pirveli
nomris mimdevarni aRmoCndnen, aramed yvela jansaRi da janmrTeli
aRmoCnda da xma misca. es yuTi arc ki gauxsniaT, ise gaugzavniaT yuTi
samazro qalaqSi _ sofelma daadgina pirveli nomrisTvis xmis micema
da yvelam mas misca xmao. da aseTi arCevnebi daamtkica samazro da
centralurma komisiam. sadac partiebis sastiki brZola iyo, iq yuT­
Tan amomrCevelTa 30-50 proc. Zlivs modioda da aseTs movlenas, rom
TiTqos yvela amomrCevelma xma misca da amave dros kanoni dairRva
yuTis gauxsnelad da dauTvlelad gadataniT, mainc ar gasWra da
iWvi ar aRZra erTferovnad mowyobil komisiebSi.
Cven aq aRvniSneT kanonis iseTi darRvevani, romelsac TiTqmis
yovelgan hqonda adgili. saerTod ki, SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas,

111
rom saarCevno kanonSi ar darCenila arc erTi muxli, romelic mraval
SemTxvevaSi ar darRveuliyos.
warmomadgenlobiTi organos Seqmna, iseTi organosi, romelic
xalxis didi umravlesobis suliskveTebas da interesebs gamosaxavs,
mxolod maSin SeiZleba, Tu saarCevno muSaobis dros kanoni saval­
debulod iqneba miCneuli da erTnairi uflebiT iqnebian aRWurvil­
ni saarCevno muSaobis dros yvela partiebi da jgufebi, romelnic
arCevnebSi monawileobas Rebuloben. Torem Tu kanons araviTari an­
gariSi ar gauwia da arCevnebi moewyo „partiul ZalTa ganwyobilebis“
sistemiT, mmarTveli partia yovelTvis moaxerxebs iseTi Sedegebis
miRebas, rogoric mas esurveba.
erovnul demokratiulma fraqciam saWirod dainaxa am movlen­
ebis aRniSvna, magram ara imisTvis, miT damfuZnebeli krebis suv­
erenoba uaryos da is ar scnos, aramed imisTvis, rom es mZime Secdome­
bi ar iqnes daviwyebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier maSin, rodesac is
saarCevno kanonis SemuSavebas Seudgeba momavali parlamentisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels. sxva aravin aris Ca­
werili.
grigol urataZe (s.d.) me mogaxsenebT oriode sityvas.
pirveli nawili b. asaTianis sityvisa Seexeba momavals, Tu rogor
moviqceT momavalSi, Tu rogori kanoni SevimuSavoT da ra Seswore­
bebis Setanaa saWiro im kanondeblobaSi, romelic Cven gvaqvs. me amaze
am JamaT arafers mogaxsenebT, mxolod unda mogaxsenod centralur
komisiisadmi sayveduris Sesaxeb. me ar vici is cnobebi, romelic ba­
tonma asaTianma miawoda damfuZnebel krebas, saidan aqvs, magram is sa­
mandato komisiis wevria, da Cven yvelam erTad wavikiTxeT yvela oqme­
bi, sazogadod arsad aseTi saCivrebi, gancxadeba ar aris, rom sadme
moZravi yuTebiT ise esargeblad, rom karis-kar etarebinaT, ase rom
samandato komisias ar SeeZlo ganexila es kiTxva da amis Sesaxeb raime
ganaCeni gamoetana.
rac Seexeba imas, rom praqtikaSi moZravi yuTebi SemoRebuli iyo
aRsaniSnavia, rom centralur komisiis prezidiumSi, sadac yvela
partiebis da mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen, da Semdeg par­
lamentSi protesti aravis ar ganucxadebia, kanons rom daukvirdeT,
aris zogierTi adgilebi, saidanac SeiZleba gamoiyvanoT daskvna, rom
TiTon kanoni ar aris winaaRmdegi rom zogierT did sazogadoebebSi
moZravi yuTi iyos. mxolod yovel konkretiul SemTxvevaSi xelmZR­
vanel komisias unda ecnobos es.
rac Seexeba socia-federalistebis gancxadebas raWis mazris
arCevnebis gadadebis Sesaxeb, iq marTlac iyo SemTxveva, rom 14-s ma­
givrad arCevnebi daiwyes 17-s. b. baraTaSvili samandato komisiis wev­
ri iyo da icis, rom iq araviTar kanonis darRvevas adgili ar hqonia
garda imisa, rom didi qarbuqi iyo da imis magier, rom 14-s dawyebu­

112
liyo, daiwyo 17-s. marTalia, Tu rom ise moviqceviT, rogorc ruse­
bi ityvian по буквˆ закона, Tu gamovekideT yvela mZimes da wertilebs,
es marTlac kanonis daRveva iqneba, magram Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT
Seqmnil mdgomareobas, maSin es arCevnebi damfuZnebelma krebam unda
daamtkicos.
rac Seexeba gulgulas arCevnebs, aq iTqva: ratom sazogadod erTi
sxva partiis wevri ar iyovo. Cven swored ar viciT iyo Tu ar iyo! oqme­
bidan sCans, rom gamocxaddnen 429 amomrCeveli, da imdenive konver­
ti aRmoCnda. mogexsebaT, rom sofelma gamoitana ganaCeni yvelam xma
pirvel nomers mivceTo. aq rom iyos naTqvami, rom am sazogadoebaSi
meti amomrCeveli ar iyovo, maSin Cven SegveZleboda gveTqva ratom ar
gamocxaddnen sxva partiis wevrebi. SesaZlebelia, Tanaxmad ganaCeni­
sa, gamocxaddnen isini, vinc xmas aZlevda pirvel nomers, da SeiZleba
sul ar gamocxaddnen isini, vinc sxva partiisa iyvnen. sxvaTa Soris,
im komisiaSi, mcire komisiaSi, romelic centralur komisiam gagzav­
na sxvadasxva partiaTa warmomadgenelni iyvnen, da Tanaxmad imaT mox­
senebisa, daamtkica centralurma komisiam es arCevnebi. axla siaSi ar
Setanis Sesaxeb.
sxvaTa Soris aq erTad erTi SemTxveva aris, es aris xaSurSi, sadac
siaSi ar SetanilT miuciaT xmebi, oqmSi aris es, rom es Seexeba 13-amom­
rCevels, Semdeg, rodesac komisiam gamoirkvia es SemTxveva aRmoCnda,
rom mTavar siaSi isini Setanili yofilan, mxolod gadaweris dros
gamoutovebiaT es 13-ti kaci.
ase rom am mxriv aseTi SemTxveva erTia, magram sxva arc erTi oqmi­
dan ar sCans, rom TiTqos vinc siaSi ar iyo Catanili, imas xma mieca,
amitom Cven vfiqrobT, rom es xmebi unda iyos miTvlili ise rogorc
samandato kamisiam miuTvala.
rac Seexeba im konvertebs, qaRalds, gavrcelebas biuletenebi­
sas, aq centralurma komisiam, gamoitana iseTi dadgenileba, romelic
kanonSi aris naTqvami, erTnairi unda iyos biuletenebi, magram raki
Semdeg sxdomaze gamorkveula qaRaldis Sovnis SeuZlebloba, Semdeg
sxdomaze daadgines, SeTanxmebiT yvela partiebisa, erTnairi SeiZle­
ba ar iyoso. iq protesti aravis ganucxadebia. es saxelmZRvanelod
miiRes. sxvadasxva partiebma, yvela umTavresma partiam TiTon ikis­
ros biuletenebis dabeWdva da darigeba.
ise, rom Cveni azriT, aq ar aris ZiriTadi darRveva arCevnebis kan­
onisa. amitom Cven vfiqrobT, damfuZnebeli kreba miRebs samandato
komisiis winadadebas, rom es arCevnebi dadasturebuli da damtkice­
buli iyos.
Tavmjdomare. Tqven mogexsenaT samandato komisiis azri. zogjer
oratorebs sadavod miaCniaT Semdegi erTeulebi, raWis mazra, Tel­
avis mazra, axtala, yarajali, Tbilisis meToTxmete da meoce ubani.
aSkaraa, rom danarCeni ar miaCniaT sadavod, amitom neba miboZeT amna­

113
irad uyaro kenWi. pirvelad, danarCenebs yvela im adgilebSi momxdar
arCevnebs, romelic aq ar aris sadavo, kanonierad aris miCneuli, da
amtkicebs damfuZnebeli kreba.
rac Seexeba im danarCen erTeulebs, imaT cal-calke uyri kenWs.
aris Semotanili social-federalistebis fraqciis mier: raWaSi
momxdari arCevnebi gadidos SemdegisTvis. (arseniZe: werilobiTi
aris Semotanili?) diax werilobiTi.
vin aris momxre, rom arCevnebi raWis mazraSi CaiTvalos kanonierad
da damtkicebuli iyos? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre, rom
Tanaxmad dasabuTebisa arCevnebi gadidos im dromdis, rodesac dan­
arCenebi moxdeba? rac Seexeba raWis mazris arCevnebs, kanonierad da
damtkicebulad aris miRebuli.
Semdeg yarajala da axtala, vin aris momxre rom am ubnebis arCev­
nebi kanonierad iyos miRebuli da damtkicebuli? vin Seikava Tavi?
(Seikaves eserebma da federalistebma) esec miRebulia.
gulgula, vin aris momxre rom damtkicebuli iyos. vin Seikava
Tavi. miRebulia.
Tbilisis 14 saarCevno ubani. _ vin aris momxre, rom arCevnebi
kanonierad CaiTvalos? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? (Tavi
Seikava eserebma da federalistebma).
20-ce saarCevno ubani. vin aris momxre, rom kanonierad CaiTvalos
arCevnebi? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? (Tavi Seikaves es­
erebma da federalistebma).
exla saerTod uyri kenWs. vin aris momxre rom miRebul iqmnas
saerTo samandato komisiis moxseneba. maSasadame arCevnebi kanonieri
aris da damtkicebeli krebis mier.
amgvarad xmebi ganawilebuli aris da rogorc mogexsenebaT: so-
cial-demokratebs ergoT 109. krebaze moxsenebulia da damtkicda.
social-revoliucionerebs ergoT _ 5-Ti. damtkicebulia.
social-federalistebma _ 8. damtkicebulia.
erovnul-demokratebma _ 8. damtkicda.
es sakiTxi gaTavebulia.
exla Semdeg krebisTvis SeiZleba keTil ineboT da daadasturoT
saqarTvelos parlamentis wesi, rogorc mogexsenebaT saqarTvelos
parlaments kviraSi orjel hqonda xolme sxdoma (arseniZe: neba mo­
meciT) umorCilesad gTxovT SeasruloT reglamentis muxli. sityva
ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

morig sxdomis sakiTxi.

raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) me mgoni, rom, jer-jerobiT, dReebis dan­


iSvna naadrevia. ori mosazreba gaxlavT, _ erTi imitom, rom Cveni
muSaoba umTavresad komisiebSi xdeba, da jer-jerobiT komisiebs arc­

114
ki dauwyviaT muSaoba, radganac masala ar Semosula da ar damuSave­
bula. marto sadeklaracioT da salaparakoT ar SevikrifebiT, Se­
vikrifebiT saqmisTvis. es saqme unda momzadebuli iyos winaswar da
Semdeg imisa unda gaimarTos sxdoma damfuZnebel krebisa. ai amitom,
me vambob, dRes dReobiT amas nu davniSnavT, momavali sxdoma daniSnos
prezidiumma, roca saamiso masalebi Seikrifeba da sakiTxi misTvis
warmosdgeba. momavalSi amisdamixedviT, Tu ra gvar xasiaTs miiRebs
Cveni muSaoba da ramdenad rTuli iqneba igi, davniSnavT samuSao
dReebs, saaTebsac da wesrigs. amitom, am SemTxvevaSi, me parlamentis
wesis miReba naadrevad mimaCnia.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes kidev sityva? maSasadame wina­
dadeba aseTi gaxlavT, miendos prezidiums, rom rodesac mova masale­
bi daniSnos sxdoma. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame miRebulia, da
krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTsa da 20 wuTze.

115
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meeqvse sxdoma

SabaTi, 1919 weli. martis 29. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 s. 35 w.
Tavmjdomare. dabZandiT. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogax­
senebT dRiur wesrigs.

komisiaSi gadasacemi kanonproeqti.

k. jafariZe. sanam dRiur wesrigze gadavidodeT, mogaxsenebT, rom


Semosuli gaxlavT miwadmoqmedebis ministris kanonproeqti qalaqeb­
Si miwebis gayidvis da dagiravebis SezRudvisa.
es proeqti gadaecema agrarul da iuridiul komisiebs.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. kanonproeqti damfuZnebel krebis wevrobisa da moxeleobis


SeuTavseblobisa da wevrTa dietisa.
momxsenebelia damfuZnebel krebis wevri raJden arseniZe.

117
2. damfuZnebel krebis 1919 w. xarjT aRricxva.
momxsenebelia damfuZnebel krebis wevri daviT oniaSvili.
3. sxva da sxva komisiebis arCeva.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb sityva? aravis.
winaaRmdegi aravin aris, maSasadame dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia.
pirvel kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. mTavari da ZiriTadi am kanon-proeqti­
sa aris SeuTavsebloba sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis, damfuZnebel
krebis wevrobisa da misi Rirsebisa zogierT TanamdebobasTan. Zir­
iTadi idea, romelic gamomdinareobs Tqvens winaSe warmodgenil
kanon-proeqtidan gaxlavT is, rom daculi iqnes Rirseba damfuZnebel
krebis wevrisa erTis mxriv, da meores mxriv Tavisufali iqnes is Tav­
is sakanonmdeblo, sakontrolo da sxva mxriv muSaobaSi, romlisTvi­
sac igi mowodebulia. Cveulebriv parlamenti, Cveulebrivi sakanon­
mdeblo dawesebuleba, yoveli kanonmdebeli unda Tavisufali iyos
zogierT damokidebulebisagan, romelic zRudavs mis nebisyofas da
survils, da xels uSlis mis mier umTavres da uaRres movaleobis pir­
naTlad Sesrulebas. es ufro metad aris saWiro damfuZnebel krebi­
sTvis, vinaidan damfuZnebeli kreba ar warmoadgens mxolod sakanon­
mdeblo organos. aramed is uzenaesi gamomxatvelia xalxis suverenul
nebisyofisa. cxadia, is piri, romelsac surs xalxis yovel mxrivi
warmomadgenloba ikisros, unda Tavisufali iyos yovel gvar gareSe
damokidebulebisagan, romelic mis nebas Sehkravs da misgan miRebul
mandatis savsebiT ganxorcielebaSi xels SeuSlis. ai eseTi gaxlavT
mTavari safuZveli warmodgenil kanonproeqtisa.
sxva da sxva qveynebSi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sxva da sxva konstitucio­
nuri wesi arsebobs. Tu aviRebT zogierT mTavar respublikas da zo­
gierT patara saxelmwifoebs, romelTa mdgomareobis mixedviT Cven
SegviZlian analogia gavataroT maTsa da Cvens Soris, Semdeg suraTs
davinaxavT. safrangeTSi SeuTavsebloba qvemo palatis wevrebisa da
zogierT moxeleobisa miRebuli gaxlavT, ese igi palatis wevri, ro­
melic kanonmdeblobs, ar SeiZleba imave dros daqvemdebarebuli iyos
administraciis aparats, eqvemdebarebodes romelime moxeles, rome­
lime Tanamdebobis pirs da iZulebuli iyos misi gankarguleba aas­
rulos. igulisxmeba rom kanonmdebeli TviT aris umaRlesi ganmkar­
gulebeli, umaRlesi mbrZanebeli kanonis gamocemaSi monawileobiT
da igi ar SeiZleba iyos imave dros damorCilebuli im aRmasrulebel
Zalaze, romlisTvisac is kanons scems. rasakvirvelia, zogierTi ga­
monaklisebis Sesaxeb am Jamad ar mogaxsenebT, radganac gamonaklisi
aris mxolod im mxriv, ra mxrivac aseT SezRudvas da daqvemdebare­
bas adgili ara aqvs. maSasadame SeiZleba gamonaklisi darCes mxolod
mTavrobisaTvis, romelic umaRlesi organo aris da araviTar sxva
administratiul dawesebulebas ar emorCileba: Tu is vismeze aris
damokidebuli, aris damokidebuli mxolod sakanonmdeblo dawese­

118
bulebaze, romelTanac erTgvar kavSirSi, erTgvar urTierTobaSi
imyofeba, da imitom rodesac gamonakliss viRebT mTavrobis wevrebi­
sTvis, es am princips ki ar zRudavs, es am princips ki ar aukuRmarTebs,
ki ar spobs, aramed, piriqiT amtkicebs. marTlac damfuZnebel krebis
wevri ar unda iyos damokidebuli administraciul pirze; saminis­
tro am SemTxvevaSi aravize ar aris damokidebuli, garda sakanonmde­
blo dawesebulebisa.
magram, zogierT qveynebSi es principic ar aris savsebiT am gvarad
gadaWrili. piriqiT, Cven SegviZlian davasaxeloT metad demokra­
tiuli respublika, romelSiac mTavrobis pirebisagan, TviT aRmas­
rulebel Zalisagan moiTxoven, rom igini ar iyvnen sakanonmdeblo
dawesebulebis wevrad. es gaxlavT Sveicaria. 77-e muxli Sveicariis
konstituciisa pirdapir ambobs, rom nacionaluri sabWos wevrad, ro­
melic kanondebeli dawesebulebaa, ar SeiZleba iyos arc kantonuri
sabWos e. i. meore palatis wevri, arc kavSiris sabWos wevri. kavSirTa
sabWo ki gaxlavT konfederaciis mTavroba. es muxli ambobs agreTve,
rom nacionalurs sabWos wevri ar SeiZleba daniSnuli iyos raime
samsaxurSi. maSasadame arc mTavrobas, romelSiac Sedis prezidenti,
vice-prezidenti da danarCeni wevri aRmasrulebel organosi, da arc
maTgan daniSnul mosamsaxures ar SeuZlia iyvnen imave dros nacio­
nalur sabWos wevrebad. iq, ase vTqvaT, yoveli aRmasrulebeli Zala,
mTeli aRmasrulebeli aparati rac SeiZleba Zlierad, da yovel mx­
riv aris damorCilebuli sakanondeblo organoze. iq es damorCile­
ba aRmasrulebel Zalisa kanonmdebelze imdenaT Zlieria, rom amis
mixedviT, prezidents, magaliTad, yovelwliurad axal pirs irCeven,
agreTve TviT imave nacionalur sabWos Tavmjdomare yovel wliurad
axals irCeven, Zveli Tavmjdomare ar SeiZleba xel axla arCeul iqnes.
am faqtSi iq erTgvari SiSia gamoTqmuli imisa, rom mudmiv Tavmj­
domares, mudmiv aRmasrulebeli Zalas, respublikis saTaveSi mdgoms,
SeuZlian es Zala ase Tu ise borotad da demokratiis sazianod gamoi­
yenos. am gvarad SveicariaSi yvelaze ufro mkafiod da sastikad aris
gatarebul sruli batonoba kanonmdebelisa da sruli damorCile­
ba aRmasrulebeli Zalisa, da es ukanaskneli gadaqceulia ubralo
moxeleobaT, samagierod aRmasrulebeli Zala pasuxismgeblobas im
sistemiT, romelic aris parlamentarizmSi miRebuli, ar ganicdis;
isini muSaoben ufro, rogorc moxeleebi vinem rogorc politikuri
xelmZRvanelebi.
axla aviRoT sxva saxelmwifoebi. avstriaSi, magaliTad daSve­
bulia, rom moxele, Tu is arCeulia parlamentis wevrad, ar aris
valdebuli rom moxeleobas Tavi daanebos. agreTve aviRoT patara
saxelmwifo belgia. iq Tu parlamentis wevri dainiSna moxeled, is
valdebulia parlamentis wevrobidan gadadges da mxolod im SemTx­
vevaSi Tu mas xelaxlad airCeven, SeuZlian isev miiRos kanonmdeblo­
biT dawesebulebis wevroba. maSasadame aq sxva principi aris gatare­

119
buli. aq moxeles SeuZlian gaxdes kanonmdebeli, Tu is ukve moxele iyo,
arCevamde. inglisSi savsebiT aris miRebuli SeuTavsebloba. 1701w. 12
ivnisis kanonis mesame muxlis meSvide nawili ambobs, visac airCeven
jamagirian samsaxurSi, romelic mefisagan damokidebulia, an mis­
gan iRebs jamagirs, imas ar SeuZlian iyos TemTa palatis wevri. amiT
mosamsaxure gandevnili gaxlavT sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebidan.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi ar SeiZleba daniSvna parlamentis wev­
rebisa raime Tanamdebobaze im xnis ganmavlobaSi, sanam is iTvleba
kanonmdeblad.
patara saxelmwifoebSi sxva da sxva wesebia, magaliTad serbiaSi
imdeni gamonaklisebia ZiriTadi principebidan, rom TiTqmis yvela
moxeleebi, gansakuTrebiT eqimebi, inJinrebi da maswavlebelni, ar
arian uflebas moklebulni, rom erTsa da imave dros iyvnen kanon­
mdebelni da Tavis Tanamdebobasa da movaleobasac asrulebdnen.
yvela mosamarTleni, yovel sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da zogierTi
sasamarTlos wevrebi, agreTve mTavrobis wevrebi, pensionerebi, Ci­
novnikebi, inJinrebi da eqimebi ar arian uflebas moklebulni, rom
parlamentis wevrobasTan erTaT Tavis Tanamdebobazec iyvnen da­
tovebuli. Cven gvgonia, rom es yvelaferi gamowveulia adgilobriv
pirobebiT, da principi am mizeziT aris gamrudebuli. amitom es
magaliTi CvenTvis sayuradRebo da saintereso ar aris. magaliTad
inJinerebi, eqimebi da sxvebi TiTqmis suyvelani, Tundac isini samsax­
urSi iyvnen, SeiZleba imave dros iyvnen wevrad sakanonmdeblo dawe­
sebulebaSi. albad es gamowveulia imiT, rom intelektualuri Zale­
bi Zalian mcire aris serbiaSi; maTi ganawileba ar SeiZleba ise, rom
zogi darCes TanamdebobisTvis da zogi kanonmdeblobisTvis. amitom
SeTavseba aucilebeli xdeba. TviT inteligenciis simciris gamo. sa­
magierod iseT respublikebSi, rogoric aris avstraliis federa­
tiuli respublika, gatarebulia principi SeuTviseblobisa, sul
mcireodeni gamonaklisiT, romlebzedac am Jamad, saintereso ar
aris SevCerdeT. ai aseTi gaxlavT zogadi damokidebuleba umTavres
respublikebisa da sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebebisa am sakiTxisad­
mi e. i. SeuTavseblobisadmi yvelgan, cotad Tu bevrad, _ zogierT­
gan ufro mtkiced da sastikad, zogierTgan sustad da mkrTalad,
ama Tu im saxiT am SeuTavseblobis princips atareben cxovrebaSi.
kanonmdebels ar SeuZlian erTsa da imave dros kanonmdeblobdes da
yovel adgilas msaxurebdes. es aris erTgvari sayovelTaod miRe­
buli idea, romlis mixedviT kanonmdebeli ganTavisuflebulia sxva
Tanamdebobisagan, sxva damokidebulobisagan da es yvela konstitu­
ciaSi Sedis iq, rogorc erTi misi aucilebeli elementi, erTi misi
aucilebeli nawili da damfuZnebel krebisTvis es miT umetes mis­
aRebia da savaldebulo. amaze gaxlavT dafuZnebuli kanon-proeqti,
romelic SemuSavebulia sakonstitucio komisiis mier da warmodge­
nilia Tqvens winaSe.

120
es kanon proeqti efardeba Cven mdgomareobas, ese vsTqvaT, Cvens
faqtiur konstitucionur mdgomareobas, romelic CvenSi damyarda.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, Cveni mTavrobis wevrebi ar arian yvela arCeu­
li ise, rogorc SveicariaSi, aramed arCeuli arian mxolod erTi wev­
ri, _ Tavmjdomare mTavrobis, da danarCeni ki arian mowveuli Tavmj­
domaris mier da damtkicebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier. maSasadame
isini arian politikuradac pasuxismgebelni da eqvemdebarebian par­
lamentis yovelive votums da mis gankargulebas, mis gadawyvetile­
bas. am mxriv, Tu gnebavT es tipi warmoadgens erTgvar saSualo tips,
pirdapir saparlamento saministrosa da moxeleTa saministros So­
ris, romelic aris erT mxriv safrangeTSi, meore mxriv SveicariaSi.
amitom Cven sasurvelad migvaCnia, rom am SemTxvevaSi hqondes CvenSi
adgili safrangeTis praqtikas da ara Sveicariisas. ese igi umTavres
aRmasrulebel organos, rogorc aris saministroebi, da zogierTi
amgvari Tanamdebobani, hqondes saSualeba da ufleba erT da imave
dros iyvnen wevrebad damfuZnebel krebisa da Tan asrulebdnen Tavis
Tanamdebobas. zogierTi sxva politikuri dawesebulebebisaTvisac da
umTavresad iseTis, rogorc aris mTavari Stabi saxalxo gvardiisa, es
meTauri SeiaraRebul revoliuciisa, miRebul unda iqnes igive prin­
cipi. es uaRresad politikuri dawesebuleba, es warmomadgenlobiTi
organo ar aris administraciaze daqvemdebarebuli, da ar ganicdis
Tavis nebisyofis, survilis SezRudvas. amitom Cven SesaZleblad miv­
iCnieT mis Sesaxebac imave principis aRiareba, romelic aris miRebu­
li ministrebis mimarT, ese igi SeTavsebis principis.
Cven win dadga kidev erTi sakiTxi: es gaxlavT mdgomareoba adg­
ilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebisa, erobis da qalaqis TviTmarTvelo­
bebis. Zveli tradiciiT, romelic ruseTis saxelmwifom gvianderZa,
TviTmarTvelobis organoebi gaxlavT wminda ekonomiuri organoebi
da administratiul aparatSi, mTavrobis aparatSi, pirdapiri monaw­
ileoba maT ar hqondaT, adgili ar eWiraT, rogorc aRmasrulebel
Zalas mTavrobis dadgenilebebisa. am mxriv isini meore xarisxova­
naT iTvleboden da idgnen gareSe im mTavrobis aparatisa, romelic
saxelmwifos saerTo muSaobas emsaxureba. CvenSi im axal kanonebis
mixedviT, romelic revoliuciam mogvca, mdgomareoba Seicvala,
TviTmarTveloba gadaiqca adgilobriv aRmasrulebel ZalaT, mTav­
robis adgilobriv aparataT, magram imave dros TviT maTi Sedgena,
TviT maTi warmoSoba daemgzavsa Tavis saxiT da formiT parlamentis
warmoSobas. igi Seqmnilia imave saxiT, imave tipiT, rogorc parla­
menti, rogorc damfuZnebeli kreba, imave saarCevno sistemiT. mas
hyavs Tavisi sakanonmdeblo sabWo, Tavisi aRmasrulebeli organo,
gamgeoba, arCeuli am sabWos mier. amnairad daibada am gvari sakiTxi:
is aprati, romelic udgas saTaveSi TviTmarTvelobas ra rols Ta­
maSobs, ra uflebiT aris aRWurvili? TviT sabWos wevrTa ufleba­
Si Cven eWvi ar Segvsvlia. rasakvirelia, yovelive xmosans romelic

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kanondeblobs adgilob­riv, SeuZlian imave dros iyos kanonmdebeli
centrSi, asrulebdes sakanonmdeblo muSaobas mTeli saxelmwifos­
Tvis. es iyo udavo yvelasTvis, vinaidan aq erTi da igiveoba aris da
vinaidan isini aravis ar eqvemdebarebian. sadavo iyo mxolod am sabWos
mier arCeuli gamgeoba. erTis mxriv imas aqvs Tavisi konstitucia da
Tavisi konstituciiTaa amorCeuli, meores mxriT is valdebulia
aasrulos mTavrobis gankarguleba da mowerileba. ai am principTa
Soris iyo komisiaSi cotad Tu bevrad gamwvavebuli kamaTi. erTni
amtkicebdnen SeuTavseblobas praqtikul mosazrebiT, ro uamisod
adgilobrivi saqmeebi Seferxdeba, meore mxriT iyos mosazreba, rom
es administraciis aparatis nawili aris, maSasadame eqvemdebareba
saministros, da yvela es mosazreba moiTxovs, rom maTTvis miRebuli
iyos principi SeuTavseblobisa, ese igi erTsa da imave dros ar Sei­
Zlebodes yofna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad da TviTmarTvelobis
aRmasrulebel organos wevrad, ese igi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevrad. meores mxriv ambobdnen, rom analogia, erTi da igiveoba am
ori dawesebulebisa, adgilobriv sabWosi da centralur sakanonmde­
blo parlamentis, imave dros aris erTgvari garantia, rom es arCeu­
li pirebi umTavresad arian damokidebuli ara centralur adminis­
traciaze, aramed Tavis amomrCevlebzed, xmosnebze, vinaidan isini
arCeulni arian imave wesiT, rogorc TviT ministrebi, ese igi maTi
mdgomareoba daaxlovebiT iseTivea, rogorc ministrebisa, mxolod
ufro viwro, adgilobriv farglebSi. meores mxriv saWiroa erTg­
vari mudmivi kavSiri adgilobrivi interesebTa Soris. amitom isini
amtkicebdnen, rom amisTana pirebisTvis ar unda iyos akrZaluli or
Tanamdebobaze yofna, ese igi TviTmarTvelobis wevrad yofna da dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad yofna erT da imave dros. akrZalva aseTi
SeTavsebisa ar unda iyos daSvebuli kanondeblobis mier. ai esaa mTa­
vari debuleba, romelic aqvs safuZvlad am kanonproeqts.
mesame debuleba exeba wevrTa jamagiris miRebas. demokratiuli
principi moiTxovs, rom parlamentis wevrebs eZleodes Sesaferi ja­
magiri, rom maT SeeZloT mTeli Tavisi Zal-Rone am muSaobas moaxma­
ron da iZulebuli ar iyven Tavisi sarCeni saxsari gareSe am muSaobisa
SeiZinon. komisiaSi daibada mxolod sakiTxi gasamrjelos raodenobi­
sa, magram es sakiTxi ar Seicavda davas principialurs. dava gamoiwvia
meore sakiTxma, romelic exeba organ jamagiris aRebas.
ramodenime gamonaklisi mainc rCeba imas, rom erTi da igive piri
or adgilas msaxurobs, vsTqvaT saministroSi da parlamentSi; dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri aris da imave dros ministric, ministris amx­
anagi; damfuZnebeli krebis wevri aris erTis mxriv, meores mxriv aris
TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri. SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom erT
da igive pirma, erT da igive xazinidan aiRos ori jamagiri? komisiam
erTi mxriT daadga im azrs, rom ori jamagiris miReba SeuZlebelia
xazinidan. xazina yovel Tavis mosamsaxures, yovel Tavis xelqveiTs

122
da valdebul pirs aZlevs mxolod erT jamagirs. da is pirni, rome­
lic organ msaxureben _ aiReben mxolod erT adgilidan jamagirs,
da ara or adgilidan; es iyo umTavresi, udavo principi. bolos Cven
davuniSneT vada im pirT, romelnic am Jamad or adgilas msaxureben,
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni arian da agreTve sxva raime SeuTavsebe­
li Tanamdeboba ukaviaT, maT erT Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda moaxdi­
non likvidacia Tavis saqmisa da samsaxuris, an gaviden damfuZnebel
krebidan. an erTi, an meore. daisva kiTxva ukanaskneli gasamrjelos
raodenobaze, komisiam miiRo gasamrjelo 1500 maneTi. am sakiTxis
garSemo iyo dava: erTi nawili komisiaSi Txoulobda am jamagirebis
gadidebas im zomamde, romelic Seefereba dRevandel ekonomiur siZ­
viris viTarebas, rasakvirvelia, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi umTavre­
sad TviT deputatis mdgomareobas, da imas rom man unda SesZlos am
dietiT Tavis Tavis da ojaxis rCena, rom is ar iyves iZulebuli Ta­
vis Tavis da ojaxis gamokvebisTvis eZios gareSe saxsari, ai amisTvis
asaxelebdnen 2000-3000 maneTs Tviur gasamrjelos. xmis umetesobiT
miRebuli iqmna 1500 maneTi. aq miRebuli iyo mxedvelobaSi ara marto
mdgomareoba TviT damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa, aramed agreTve mdgo­
mareoba Cveni saxelmwifo xazinisa, saerTo finansiuri krizisi. Cven
viciT, rom xarjis yoveli aweva erT dawesebulebaSi, iwvevs xarjebis
awevas, danarCen dawesebulebaSi, yvela jamagirebis aweva ki moiTx­
ovs iseT Tanxas, romlis gaReba saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian da romlis
simZimis qveS saxelmwifo daingreva. es umTavresi safuZveli iyo imis,
rom miRebuli iqmna zomieri gasamrjelo damfuZnebel krebis wevr­
TaTvis. es gaxlavT saerTo Sinaarsi da mTavari azri am kanon-proek­
tisa, romelic Tqven winaSea wamoyenebuli.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) CvenTvis martoka erTi kiTxva aris sada­
vo. rom swored gavaSuqoT es sakiTxi es kanoni, upirveles yovlisa,
unda gvqondes mxedvelobaSi, ras warmoadgens damfuZnebeli kreba.
rogorc mogexsenebaT damfuZnebeli kreba aris sakanonmdeblo dawe­
sebuleba. mas aqvs miniWebuli sakontrolo funqciebi, _ erTi sityviT
yvela saqmis baton-patroni aris damfuZnebeli kreba. amisda mixed­
viT TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri ver iqneba imave dros wevrad
damfuZnebel krebisa. ori Tanamdeboba SeuTavsebelia. Tqven mois­
mineT moxseneba, magram ver vpoveb namdvil dasamtkicebel sabuTs,
rom SeuTavsebloba SesaZlebeli iyos. umTavresi azri moxsenebisa is
gaxlavT, rom TviTmmarTvelobis wevri arCeulia xalxisagan, rogorc
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. wesi arCevnebisa erTi da igivea, magram
am analogias martoka garegnuli xasiaTi aqvs. maSasadame Cven gamov­
ikvlioT ufleba da Tanamdeboba TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobisa, gamge­
obis wevrebisa. gamgeoba es aris aRmasrulebeli organo. amas mohyavs
aRsrulebaSi dadgeniloba mTavrobisa. TviTon momxsenebelma mogax­
senaT aq, rom swored mowodebani da brZaneba mTavrobisa romelic Se­

123
exeba adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs unda aasrulos gamgeobam, gam­
geobis wevrma, cxadia am SemTxvevaSi gamgeobis wevri mTavrobis wevrs
eqvemdebareba. gamgeobis wevri ar aris Tavisufali. igi damokidebu­
lia, is emorCileba sxvas, sxvisi brZaneba unda moiyvanos asrulebaSi.
damfuZnebel krebis wevri ki aris brZanebeli, kontroli. SeuZlian,
gaukeTos kontroli da mosTxovos pasuxi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeo­
bis wevrs; ukanaskneli movalea, rom mas pasuxi ugos, pasuxi gasces.
erT da imave dros es iqneba brZanebeli da kontroli da meore mxriv
pasuxis mgebeli, qvemdebare. aqedan Tqven xedavT rom ufleba da mov­
aleoba gansazRvruli ar aris. unda mogaxsenoT rom Cveni kanonebis
mixedviT adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobebs eniWebaT bevri
movaleoba; bevri dargi mmarTvelobisa gadadis maT xelSi, rogorc
ganaTlebis, administraciis saqme. erTi sityviT iqneba saxelmwifoe­
brivi organo. saxelmwifoebrivi dawesebuleba, es ar aris ganyenebu­
li dawesebuleba, is asrulebs saxelmwifoebriv funqciebs; SeuZle­
belia rom amisTana organo ar iyos qvemdebare; is eqvemdebareba zog
SemTxvevaSi rogorc mTavrobas, ise miT umetesad damfuZnebel krebas,
da Tu eqvemdebareba, cxadia, adgili ar unda hqondes SeTavseblobas.
Tu es ase aris, da am mxriv Cven saqme gvesmis, SeuZlebelia rom ori sxva
da sxva Tanamdeboba da sxva da sxva movaleoba SevaerToT. arCevnebis
wess araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rogorc hgonia momxsenebels.
kidev aris erTi sabuTi dasamtkicebeli. Tqven naxavdiT pirvel
muxlidan, rom Tu saxelmwifo aZlevs gasamrjelos, saxelmwifo moxe­
les ar SeuZlian damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba, damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri da moxele iReben gasamrjelos erTi wyarodan. (xma, ministri?
maS ra gansxvaveba aris?) amaze am wuTSi mogaxsenebT, ra gansxvaveba
aris. me mogaxsenebdiT wyaroze, wyaro erTi da igivea, es aris saxelm­
wifos xazina. erTi da igive wyarodan iReben fuls rogorc damfuZne­
beli krebis wevri ise adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wev­
ri. rasakvirvelia Tqven pirdapir ityviT wyaro erTi da igivea. aq
gaisma xma, _ ministrio, ministrebi, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebo _
ministrebi Seadgenen gamonakliss, Tqven gindaT es gamonaklisi gaa­
farTovoT. diax, ministri Seadgens gamonakliss, magram aqedan ar
unda gamoiyvanoT, is Sedegi, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wev­
rebic unda iyvnen aRWurvilni privilegiebiT. rogorc saxelmwifo
moxeles ar SeuZlian iyos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, ise TviTmarT­
velobis gamgeobis wevrs. gamgeobis wevris nebis yofa SezRudulia,
is ar aris Tavisufali, damoukidebeli. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
ki sruliad Tavisufalia, damoukidebeli, aravis eqvemdebareba. amis
da mixedviT Cven am meore muxlis winaaRmdeg varT, es ar aris kerZo
sakiTxi aramed principialuri kiTxvaa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs naTaZes.
leo naTaZe. (s. d.) baraTaSvilma erTi mniSvnelovani mosazre­
ba moiyvana imis uarsayofad, rom SeuTavsebloba TviTmarTvelobis

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moRvawisa da damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa SeuZlebelia. es mosazreba
marTlac seriozulia da es is mosazrebaa, romelic Cveulebriv mo­
hyavT xolme, da imaSi mdgomareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevri aRmasrulebeli organoao, da imas damfuZnebel krebam Seu­
Zlian mosTxovos pasuxi. angariSi, da maSasadame TviTmarTvelobis
gamgeobis wevri, erT da imave dros iqneba isic, vinc sTxovs angariSs,
da isic vin angariSi unda misces. magram TviT oratorma igrZno, rom
swored imave TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba SevxedoT mTavrobis organos.
mTavrobis Sesaxeb, Cven vambobT, rom SeiZleba SevaTavsoT mTavrobis
wevroba da masTan erTad damfuZnebel krebis wevroba. amasTan er­
Tad b. baraTaSvilma sTqva, rom es gamonaklisiao, da am gamonaklisis
saerTo wesaT aRiareba ki CvenTvis dauSvebeliao. Cvenc gvgonia, rom
mTavrobis Sesaxeb es aris gamonaklisi, magram Cven gvinda es gamonak­
lisi daSvebul iqnes TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebis Sesaxebac. gvaqvs
Tu ara amis raime sabuTi? me mgoni, rom sabuTi gvaqvs ara erTi, aramed
ori. erTi sabuTi gaxlavT Cveulebrivi realuri sabuTi, is sabuTi,
romelic gamomdinareobs im mdgomareobidan, romelSiac Cven exla
vimyofebiT. mogexsenebaT, rom Cven TviTmarTvelobaSi Zalian cota
moRvaweebi gvyavs, TviTmarTvelobas, rom Cven movakloT is moRvawee­
bi romelnic iq arian SeiZleba imiT saSineli ziani mivayenoT axal
TviTmarTvelobas, romelic es aris ewyoba. Cven kargad viciT, rom
didi ricxvi am TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisa damfuZnebel krebis
wevrad arian arCeuli. imaT rom avukrZaloT damfuZnebel krebis wev­
roba, an damfuZnebel krebis wevrebaT rom miviCnioT da avukrZaloT
TviTmarTvelobaSi moRvaweoba, _ es Zalian did zians moutans am
axal saqmes. Cven ase Raribni varT intelegentur ZalebiT, rom amnai­
ri nabijis gadadgma Cven ar gamogvadgeba. magram am realur mosazre­
bis garda aris kidev erTi mosazreba ufro Rrma da principialuri,
romelic amarTlebs amiT Cvens Sexedulebas. SeiZleba gamonaklisis
gakeTeba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisTvis, da es gamonaklisi am
mosazrebiT SeiZleba gavamarTloT. sazogadoT konstituciis erTi
mwvave kiTxva imaSi mdgomareobs, rom rodesac agebT demokratiul
konstitucias, rodesac romelime saxelmwifo demokratiul niadag­
ze damyardeba, am saxelmwifos Tan sdevs erTi nakli. es nakli imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobas eZleva metis metad didi ufle­
ba; demokratiul saxelmwifoSi sxvanairad arc SeiZleba. provinci­
aSi TiTon xalxis arCevnebiT Sedgenili organoebi sagrZnobelaT
damoukidebelni arian centrisagan; da mixweva im principisa, rom
saxel­mwifo iyos mTliani, erTiani, Zlieri daaxlovebuli iyos pro­
vinciis organoebTan da masTan erTad provincias mieniWos rac Sei­
Zleba meti Tavisufleba, am ori, erTi meores mowinaaRmdege prin­
cipis SeTanxmeba Zalian Znelia, da yovel konstituciaSi es sakiTxi
Zalian mwvave sakiTxaT aris miCneuli; istoriaSi yofila iseTi mag­
aliTi, rodesac am sakiTxs Zalian didi kamaTi gamouwvevia, da am kama­

125
Tis ase Tu ise gadawyvetas Zalian didi mniSvneloba hqonia. 91-wels
safrangeTis revoliuciis dros iseTi konstitucia iyo SemuSave­
buli, romelic samagaliTod ari cnobili dedamiwis zurgze da ro­
melsac Zalian bevri konstituciebi hbaZavdnen. magram exla mecnier­
ebisagan, sayovelTaoT aris aRiarebuli, rom es kontitucia, Tumca
mSvenivrad aris Sedgenili demokratiul mxriv, magram am konsti­
tucias aqvs erTi didi, Zalian didi mniSvnelovani nakli, romelic,
SeiZleba iTqvas, Tu am konstitucias ar daRupavs, mainc Zalian did
zians ayenebs. es nakli mdgomareobda imaSi, rom ar iyo SeerTebuli
centri da provincia, provinciis organoebsa da centris organoebs
Soris xidi iyo Catexili, centraluri organo iyo TiTqmis mowyveti­
li xalxisagan, provinciisagan, provincia Tavis cxovrebiT cxovrob­
da da centraluri organoebi Tavis cxov­rebiT cxovrobdnen, ase rom
ar iyo gza da xidi provinciasa da centrs Soris. rodesac centrSi
daibadeba rame saWiroeba, provincias es ar esmis, da rodesac pro­
vinciaSi raime saWiroeba daibadeba, centramdin ar midis am saWiroe­
bis xma. ai am SeuTanxmeblobam provinciis da centris interesebisa,
rogorc amboben, Zalian didi ziani miayena safrangeTis saxelmwi­
fos 1791 wlis Semdeg da safrangeTis revoliuciam pirvel welsve,
rodesac vandeis ajanyebam iCina Tavi, dainaxa, rom marTla amas rame
unda eSvelos da Semdeg konstituciis Sedgenis dros amis gamosas­
woreblad Zalian bevrs fiqrobdnen Tavs itexdnen, rom es nakli ga­
moeworebinaT. da me mgonia, rom TviTmarTvelobaSi moRvaweobis da
deputatobis SeTavseba Tu am nakls ar uSvelis savsebiT, mas ase Tu
ise Seasustebs. Seasustebs imitom rom, TviTmarTvelobis moRvawee­
bi, romelnic adgilobriv saqmes arian gacnobilni, aq movlen da adg­
ilobriv saWiroebas moitanen damfuZnebel krebaSi. magaliTad imaT
ician, ra da ra saWiroeba aris siRnaRis mazraSi, romlis dakmayo­
fileba aucilebeli aris Cven saxelmwifosTvis. maSasadame, centrSi
isini adgilobriv saWiroebis, cxovrebis xmas moitanen. adgilobrivi
saWiroebis xmas Cven gagviziareben da Cven maSasadame ar viqnebiT
mowyvetilni provincias, provinciis xma am centrSi unda gaismodes,
aq movlen adgilobrivi moRvaweebi, aq, saxelmwifos centrSi dain­
axaven im interesebs, romliTac cocxlobs dRes Cveni saxelmwifo,
aqedan mivlen provinciaSi da provincias gaacnoben im saWiroebebs,
romliTac cocxlobs saxelmwifo. aseTi moRvaweebi SemaerTebeli
Zafi iqnebian, SemaerTebeli cocxali xidi, romelic iqneba gadebu­
li, centrsa da provincias Soris. sworeT isini Seasusteben im nakls,
romelzedac me mogaxseneT.
maSasadame, isini erT da imave dros aq roca Camovlen, iqnebian
provinciis miswrafebaTa gamtarebelni, provinciaSi roca Cavlen
saxelmwifoebriv principebis matarebelni. da isini Tavidan co­
taT mainc agvacileben im partikularizms, romelic yovelTvis Tan
sdevs saxelmwifos; da aq roca movlen cotaT mainc Tavidan agvac­

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ileben im biurokratizms, romelic Tan sdevs centralur saxelmwi­
fos. centraluri saxelmwifo iqneba gamsWvaluli im interesebiT,
romlebiTac provincia cxovrobs, da provincia iqneba gamsWvaluli
im saxelmwifoebriv interesebiT, uromlisoTac provincia parti­
kuliarizmSi vardeba.
amisTvis me mogaxsenebT, rom principialurad dasaSvebi aris es
SeTavseba, aramc Tu dasaSvebia, aramed sasurvelic ki aris. es Se­
Tavseba iZulebiTi ki ar aris, amas Tavis kargi mxareebica aqvs. gamon­
aklisi SeiZleba Tu ara davtovoT am SemTxvevaSi TviTmarTvelobis
moRvaweTaTvis, ise rogorc es aris mTavrobis wevrTaTvis? es sada­
vo sakiTxia da amas aqvs, rogorc Tavis dadebiTi mxare, ise Tavisi
uaryofiTi mxare. ise rom, rogorc TiTqmis yovel konstitucionur
sakiTxebSi, SeiZleba gasamarTlebeli sabuTi vupovoT erTsac da meo­
re Sexedulebas. amisTvis saWirod migvaCnia, rom gamonaklisi dauS­
vaT TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweTaTvis.
b. baraTaSvilma sTqva, rom TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebi arian
iseTive moxeleebi, rogorc sxvebi, rogorc magaliTad mosamarTlee­
bi, rogorc kontrolSi mosamsaxureebi da sxva. Tu ki am moxeleebis
Sesaxeb SeiZleba daSveba gamonaklisisa, ratom danarCeni Cinovnike­
bis Sesaxeb ar unda dauSvaT gamonaklisi. me mgoni Sedareba Cinovnike­
bisa da TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisa sruliad Seuferebelia; maTi
Sedareba ar SeiZleba imitom, rom es TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweni ar­
ian xelmZRvanelni, politikis gamtarebelni, da ara ubralo aRmas­
rulebelni. es pirebi TviT marTvelobaTa saTaveSi dganan da saxelm­
wifos seriozul did daxmarebas gauweven. isini arian gamtarebelni
im xazisa, romelsac saxelmwifo aqedan ukarnaxebs. moxele marto
aRmasrulebeli organoa, moxeles aqvs Tavis pirdapiri movaleoba,
am movaleobas igi asrulebs da sxva arafers. TviTmarTvelobis moR­
vawes marto erTi raime movaleoba ki ara, aramed xelmZRvaneloba
aqvs dakisrebuli. SeiZleba Tu ara realuri SeTavseba am ori moR­
vaweobisa? marTlac iqneba sityvierad SevaTavsoT, da saqmiT ki Se­
Tavseba SeuZlebeli gaxdes? SeiZleba Tu ara erTi da igive kaci iyos
aqac damfuZnebeli krebis wevri da iqac TviTmarTvelobis wevri?
rodesac dgas misTana sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba provincias romlis
Sesaxebac sakmarisi cnobebi ar gvaqvs, maSin Cvengan aqedan, iqnebian
gagzavnili provinciaSi damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi, romlebic
gansakuTrebul movaleobas asruleben, da maT SemweobiT da daxmare­
biT gadavwyvetavT ama Tu im provinciis Sesaxeb kiTxvas. da rodesac
aq irCeva imisTana sakiTxi, romelic provincias ar Seexeba, romelic
saerTo saxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobas Seexeba, maSin isini, ro­
gorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrni, da masTan erTad TviTmarTvelobis
moRvaweni Tavisi movaleobis aRmasruleblad gagzavnili iqnebian
provinciaSi. amnairad, roca isini aq ufro saWiro arian, aq iqnebian,
da roca iq ufro saWiro arian, iq iqnebian. faqtiurad Tqven iciT,

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rom TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebi sworeT imnair pirobebSi scxov­
roben, rom isini iq moRvaweoben, magram provinciis SesaerTeblad
centrTan xSirad aq Camodian. yvela xedavs, rom TveSi erTxel, TveSi
orjel, or TveSi erTxel mainc isini aq Camodian da mTavrobasTan
akeTeben im saqmes, romelic Seexeba provincias. mxolod im formas
moRvaweobisas is nakli aqvs, rom isini CvenTan modian mxolod, ro­
gorc provinciis moRvaweebi, magram rodesac isini movlen, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni, amiT provinciac moigebs da centric,
moigebs da damfuZnebeli krebac, romelsac eqneba provinciis Sesaxeb
swore cnobebi. ai is mosazreba, romelic gvavalebs, rom es gamonak­
lisi TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebisaTvis davuSvaT da davakanonoT,
SeTavseba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweobisa da damfuZnebel krebis
wevrobisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. d.) me sruliad viziareb Teoretiul nawils
moxsenebisas, magram ar veTanxmebi zogierT daskvnas. ar veTanxmebi
agreTve b. baraTaSvils da b. naTaZes.
umTavresi azri am kanon-proeqtisa is aris, rom TviTeuli wevri
damfuZnebel krebisa unda iyos zneobrivad Tavisufali Tavis moq­
medebaSi. aucilebeli saWiroa saxelmwifos interesisTvis, rom wev­
ri damfuZnebel krebisa, rodesac xmas aZlevs, rodesac swyvets raime
sakiTxs, moqmedobdes sruliad Tavisuflad. ar unda iyos is gavlena,
romelic winaaRmdegia misi nebis-yofisa.
es aris umTavresi principi da is unda iyos gatarebuli da ganx­
orcielebuli. sxvaTaSoris laparaki iyo imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlian Tu
ara, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrs iyos imave dros
wevri damfuZnebel krebisa. baraTaSvilma moiyvana aseTi azri, rom
igi, aRmasrulebelia kanonis da gankargulebisa, rogorc gamgeobis
wevri da imave dros, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevri, zedamxedve­
lia da kanonmdebeli. gamodis TiTqo principialuri winaaRmdegobaa.
es mosazreba me ar mimaCnia sabuTianad.
pasuxismgebeli parlamentis winaSe aris saministro, da ara adgi­
lobrivi misi agenti. Tu ministrma gasca romelime suleluri brZane­
ba, romelic moklebulia kanonier safuZvels, is pasuxismgebelia
Cvens winaSe; gamgeobis wevri ki ara SuaSia; is mxolod amsrulebelia
ministris brZanebisa. aseTia politikur-mxare pasuxismgeblobisa. am­
itom is mosazreba, romelic moyvanilia baraTaSvilis mier, me mgonia
ar aris sakmarisi.
meore mosazreba ufro susti aris. igi moiyvana naTaZem. is am­
bobs, rom didi ubeduroba iyo safrangeTis konventisaTvis is gare­
moeba, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobebi gancalkevebulni iyvnen,
da araviTari kavSiri centrTan ar hqondaTo. rasakvirvelia es didi
ubedureba aris, amis winaaRmdegi me ara var. magram is Ronis Zieba,
romelic mohyavs b. naTaZes, yovlad miuRebelia. misi azriT, amis mo­

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sagvareblad, sakmarisia, rom erT da imave dros erTi da igive piri
iyos wevri damfuZnebel krebisa da TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobisa.
rogor ggoniaT? daWera vinmesagan ramodenime adgilisa SeaerTebs
mowyvetil provincias centrTan? me var momxre imisa, rom adgilo­
brivi TviTmarTveloba ar unda iyos mowyvetili centrisagan, magram
es sakiTxi wmindad uflebrivia da ara personaluri da amis ganxor­
cieleba SeiZleba mxolod uflebrivad da ara meqnikurad. unda iyos
gamoyofili erTnairi dargi uflebisa, romelic centrs aqvs da rom­
lis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia centralur dawesebulebaze, ma­
Sin SeuZlebelia provinciis gaTiSva an mowyveta centrisagan; magram
Tu yvela uflebebi gadaecema adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebs, maSin
rasakvirvelia isini imoqmedeben srulebiT avtonomiurad, damou­
kideblad. e.i. moxdeba im xidis Catexa, romelzedac ambobda b. naTaZe.
aq TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba saqmes ver uSvelis.
rac gind iyos, me mgoni, Cven am sakiTxs unda SevxedoT praqtiku­
lad. me darwmunebuli var, da Tqvenc albad darwmunebuli xarT, rom
wevri gamgeobisa, magaliTad soxumis TviTmarTvelobisa, ver iqneba
imave dros wevri Cveni damfuZnebel krebisa. fizikurad SeuZlebelia
iman imuSavos aqac da iqac, TbilisSi da soxumSiac. magram sul sxvaa
Tbilisi da SeiZleba mis axlo-maxlo qalaqebi. aq centrSi mogrovil­
ia mTeli intelektualuri Zala, isini muSaoben Cven TvTmarTveloba­
Si, da Tu Cven ar gvinda SevamciroT es adgilobriv Zalebis praqti­
kuli muSaoba, ar unda SeeqmnaT iseTi pirobebi, rom am momzadebul
pirebs aRukveToT sakanonmdeblo muSaobac. aq me mgonia, ar aris is
loRikuri winaaRmdegoba, romelzedac ambobs b. baraTaSvili. Tu
raime uwesrigoba moxdeba, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebSi vimeoreb
Cven pasuxs movTxovT ara im wevrs, romelic CvenTan zis, mivmarTavT
ara qalaqis TviTmarTvelobas, aramed saTanado saministros.
amnairad, rac Seexeba meore muxls, me veTanxmebi momxsenebels.
gadavdivar pirvel muxlze. aq naTqvamia, rom es kanoni SeuTavse­
blobisa ar Seexeba ministrs da mis amxanags, kontroliors da mis
amxanags. es misaRebia da amis winaaRmdegi me ara var, iq, SveicariaSi,
ministrebs ufleba ara aqvT xmis micemisa Tunca SveicariaSi aris sxva
kanoni. me mgoni, rom am gamonakliss Cvenc miviRebT. ratom? swored
imitom, rom ukve davadeqiT gzas saministros pasuxismgeblobisas.
rodesac avirCieT b. noe Jordania da mivandeviT kabinetis Sedgena, _
es iyo pirveli nabiji am sferoSi. maSasadame, Tumca jer gamorkveu­
li ar aris, damtkicebuli ar gvaqs konstitucia, magram SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, am mxriv, principi saministros pasuxismgeblobisa, usaTuod
iqneba gatarebuli Cven konstituciaSi. miT ufro rom es pasuxismge­
bloba aris erTi umTavresi garantia kanonierebis da politikuri
Tavisuflebisa. Tu pasuxismgebloba aris maSin, rasakvirvelia, aq
SeuTavseblobaze laparaki zedmeti aris. ministri aris saTaveSi aR­
masrulebel Zalisa. SeuZlebelia iTqvas, rom igi visme kide ierarqi­

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ulad emorCilebodes. Tu visme emorCileba igi, mxolod damfuZnebel
krebas. aq SeuTavsebloba ar aris.
amitom me amas vRebulob, magram me amas vumateb axal moTxov­
nilebas, SeiZleba ministri iyos wevri damfuZnebel krebisa da am­
ave dros iyos ministri, magram erTi ufleba ki unda gamovacaloT.
es aris ufleba xmis micemisa. rodesac Cven vwyvetT am sakiTxs, min­
istrs rogorc, parlamentis wevrs, ufleba aqvs aq muSaobisa, aq Re­
bulobs monawileobas msjelobaSi, gamodis kaTedraze gvaZlevs axs­
na-ganmartebas, magram ar unda hqondes, ufleba xmis micemisa, manam,
sanam is ministri aris, es imitom, rom Tu Cven miviReT principi pasux­
ismgeblobisa, yovlad SeuZlebelia sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros TiTon
ministrma miiRos monawileoba da Tavis Tavs TeTri kenWi misces. ise
rom es principi, me mgonia, SeiZleba miviRoT, imitom rom es swored
namdvili demokratiuli principia.
am nairad yvela ministri wevrebad darCebian, mxolod kiTxvis
gadawyvetis dros isini Tavs Seikaveben, xmas ar miscemen. marTalia
Tqven, social-demokratebs, dagekargebaT ori sami xma, magram Tqven
109 brZandebiT, da ra mniSvneloba aqvs amas?
es erTi, rac Seexeba elCebs, Cven principialurad winaaRmdegni
varT, rom es iyos gamonaklisi; principialurad, imitom rom, elCebi
iniSnebian mTavrobis mier da maTi xelqveiTni arian. kanon-mdebloba
amisTana TanamdebobasTan SeuTavsebelia, magram Tu miviRebT mxedve­
lobaSi exlandel mdgomareobas, roca mdgomareoba iseTi aris, rom
bevri Cveni wevrebi gagzavnilia sxva da sxva mxareebs, sxva da sxva
qveynebSi, es gamonaklisi SeiZleba davtovoT.
garda amisa rac Seexeba profesorebs, es gamonaklisi misaRebia.
imitom, rom swored profesorebi SeiZleba, CvenTvis ufro saWiro
arian, gonebiT, WkuiT ganaTlebiT brwyinvaleni ara varT, da profe­
sorebi, rasakvirvelia, Zalian sasurvelia, rom darCnen.
me mxolod winaaRmdegi var ukanasknelisa _ gvardiis Stabis Sesax­
eb. me gTxovT ar ifiqroT, rom gvardiis winaaRmdegi var, yvelam icis
rom gvardiam didi samsaxuri gagviwia. yvela afasebs mas. faqtebiT
damtkicebulia Tu ra aris es gvardia. magram me minda loRikuri
daskvna gamovitano. wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa unda iyos zneob­
rivad Tavisufali.
ra uWirs, ra waxdeba, rom es SeuTavsebloba Cven miviRoT. me unda
vsTqva, wevri gvardiisa, ubralo gvardieli iqneba, Tu ufrosi, es
sul erTia, an unda miatovos da iyos Tavisufali wevri damfuZnebel
krebisa, an aq unda miatovos, imitom rom gvardiis mosamsaxure, vinc
unda iyos, ase Tu ise, eqvemdebareba Tavis ufross, ase Tu ise, aris
mis zedgavlenis qveS. me ki, minda sindisis qveS gadawyvitos yoveli
sakanonmdeblo sakiTxi. Tu es piri momzadebulia, rogorc kanonmde­
beli vTxovoT mobrZandes aq, mxolod iq ki miatovos Tavisi samsaxuri
da Tu aucilebeli saWiroa, rom iq iyos, aq sxva vinme moviwvioT.

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erTi sityviT, SeTavseblobas aq adgili ar unda hqondes, miT
ufro rom Cven gvyavs kidev jari. es iseTive saxelmwifoebrivi dawe­
sebulebaa, rogorc sxvebi. maSin maTac unda mivceT ufleba, rom mov­
idnen aq da ikanonmdeblon. mxolod im pirobiT, rom Tu aq arian unda
iyvnen da iq samsaxurs Tavi daanebon.
aq amboben, rom gvardia aris droebiTi dawesebuleba, sarevoli­
ucio dawesebuleba. batonebo, es revoliucia xom unda rodisme gav­
aTaoT (sicili) me ki ar vicini, Tu gnebavT dangreva ganvagrZoT, Tu
es saWiroa da sasargeblo saqarTvelosTvis, ganvagrZoT, magram Tu es
aferxebs saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebas, Cven unda mouaroT Cven
Tavs. Tu Cven exla imis Semdeg, rac damfuZnebeli kreba moviwvieT,
kidev ganvagrZobT yvirils, rom revoliucia ariso, maSin ra aris dam­
fuZnebeli kreba? me mgonia, rom exla faqtiurad unda davadgeT ara
dangrevis gzas, aramed aRmSeneblobisas. (eliava adgilidan: revoli­
ucia marto dangreva aris?) ras brZanebT? (eliava: revoliucia mar­
to dangreva aris?) Tqven ki daCveuli xarT, rodesac ar mogwonT
raime sityva, sxva Sinaarsi CaudoT mas, magram es ar varga, xalxi amas
ver gaigebs, _ SeiZleba Tqven revoliucias eZaxiT damfuZnebel kre­
bis muSaobas, maSin gasageb enaze ilaparakeT, yvelas gaagebineT rom
revoliucia Turme yofila mSvidobianoba da mizanSewonili muSaoba.
me mgoni rac ginda iyos, rac Seexeba Stabis wevrebs, aq sruli adgili
unda hqondes kanons SeTavseblobisas. amboben, rom omianobis dros
Stabis wevrebi saWiro ariano da amitom wevrobas Tavs ver daanebebe­
no. me ar vici ramdenia es wevrebi, magram nu Tu iseni iseT militarul
Zalas warmoadgenen, rom saqarTvelo daiRupeba, Tu imaT, Stabs Tavi
daanebes? an iq unda iyon, an aq, amazea mxolod laparaki. amitom Cven
gvgonia, rom wevroba damfuZnebel krebisa da Stabisa SeuTavsebelia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s r.) me mivaqcev Tqvens yuradRebas am kanonproeq­
tis meore muxlze.
Cemis azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia adgilobriv TviTmarTvelo­
bis gamgeobis da damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobis SeTavseba. marTalia,
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri unda iyos gacnobili adgilobriv cxov­
rebasTan, is unda iyos provinciidan da akavSirebdes adgilobriv
cxovrebis pirobebis codniT periferiebs centrTan, magram Cveni
damfuZnebeli krebis Semadgenlobac swored iseTia, rom aq TiTqmis
yvela deputatebi provinciidan arian Camosuli da kargaT icnoben
provinciis cxovrebas. krebis wevrTa Soris bevri iseTia, romel­
nic gasuli arian adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobebSi xmosnebaT, magram
TviTmarTvelobis xmosnoba da damfuZnebel krebis wevroba SesaT­
avsebelia, radganac xmosnoba imden dros ver waarTmevs deputats,
ramdensac gamgeobis wevroba. saerobo yrilobaSi ikribebian dro
gamoSvebiT, sesiebi grZeldeba ramodenime dRe da iq daswreba yovel
Cvengans SeuZlia. saerobo yriloba _ es, Tu gnebavT, adgilobrivi pa­

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tara parlamentia; is irCevs gamgeobas, e. i. aRmasrulebel organos da
mas avalebs sisruleSi moiyvanos yoveli is dadgenileba, romelsac
yriloba gamoitans. gamgeobis wevri datvirTulia imdeni saqmeebiT,
rom is mudmiv unda eweodes adgilobriv muSaobas, is TiTqmis yovel­
dRe unda iyos Tavis kabinetSi, Tvalyuri adevnos erobis kancelari­
is muSaobas, miiRos mTxovnelebi, SeamuSavos sxva da sxva proeqtebi
yrilobis sesiaSi warsadgenaT da sxva. erTi sityviT, gamgeobis wev­
ri, Tu is sinidisieraT Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, ver SesZlebs
erTs da imave dros, emsaxuros sazogadoebas adgilobriv da aqac,
rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. Tu aseTi SeTavseba moxda, maSin
Tqven darwmunebuli unda iyveT, rom is piri, romelic moisurvebs
adgilobriv gamgeobaSic muSaobas da aqac kanonmdeblobas, verac iq
gaakeTebs verafers da CvenTvisac gamoudeqari iqneba, radganac is met
dros moandomebs gzaSi mimosvlas, vidre sadme muSaobas. me ar uarvy­
of im garemoebas, rom is rac SeuZlebelia Cveulebrivi niWis mqoni
adamianisaTvis, is SesaZlebelia ara Cveulebrivi niWiT dajildove­
bul pirisaTvis. SesaZlebelia, daibados iseTi geniosi, romelmac Ta­
vis erTi saaTis muSaobiT erobis gamgeobaSi ufro meti sargebloba
miumatos sazogadoebas, vidre sxvam Tavis erTi wlis muSaobiT. aseT
SemTxvevebisaTvis Cven SegviZlia davuSvaT gamonaklisi, magram saer­
Tod-ki Cven yvelasaTvis aseT kanons ver miviRebT. Cven kargaT viciT,
rom Cvens damfuZnebel krebaSi aseTi geniosi ar moiZebneba da amitom
gamonaklissac, imedia, aravisTvis ar davuSvebT. momavalSi, rodesac
Cven gveyoleba Cveulebrivi sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba da misaTvis
Cveni kreba Sesafer debulebas SeimuSavebs, Cven miviRebT am garemoe­
bas mxedvelobaSi da ara Cveulebrivi niWiT dajildoebul pirTaTvis
Cven gamonaklissac davuSvebT. SesaZlebelia Cven damfuZnebel kreba­
Si imdeni deputatia, rom maTi muSaoba komisiaSi ar iyos saWiro, am­
itom zogierTi deputati arc komisiaSi imuSavebs da arc sxdomebs
daeswreba, maSasadame isini provinciaSi wavlen da iq imuSaveben. Tu
es asea, maSin me ver gamigia, ratom unda viyolioT amdeni deputati
damfuZnebel krebaSi. Cemis azriT, ukeTesi iqneba Cven SevamciroT
damfuZnebel krebis deputatTa ricxvi. magram, SesaZlebelia, sxva da
sxva mosazrebaTa mixedviT aucilebelia, rom Cven damfuZnebel kreba­
Si 130 deputatze naklebi ar viyolioT, maSin imaTma unda imuSavon
aq da ara adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa aRmasrulebel organoeb­
Si. Tu romelime deputati ufro gamodgeba gamgeobis wevraT da is
iq met sargeblobas moutans sazogadoebas, maSin is valdebulia dam­
fuZnebel krebidan gavides da Tavisi adgili meore kandidats dauT­
mos ama Tu im sakandidato siidgan. yovel SemTxvevaSi yvelam Cvenganma
an erTi dawesebuleba unda airCios, an meore da yovlad SeuZlebeli
da Seuwynarebelia, rom erT da imave dros erTi da igive piri iyves
TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevri da masTan eweodes metaT rTul da
sapasuxismgeblo sakanonmdeblo moRvaweobas damfuZnebel krebaSi.

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amitom Cveni fraqcia winaaRmdegia kanonproeqtis meore muxlis da
mis winaaRmdeg xmas miscems, roca muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavalT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b. baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrma naTaZem Cven
winaaRmdeg moiyvana, misi azriT, realuri sabuTebi. pirveli sabuTi
is aris, rom adgilobriv Cven Zalebi ar gvyvavs da Tu maT nebas ar
mivcemT iyvnen damfuZnebel krebis wevrebad, es Zalebi adgilobriv
mogvakldebian. me ar vici, iqneba marTlac Tqven, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno ar gyavT es adgilobrivi Zalebi, magram unda vsTqva, rom es
Zalebi adgilobriv aris. miT umetes rom 130 wevri aris damfuZneb­
el krebaSi, amiT ar amoiwureba Cveni kulturuli Zala da, me mgonia,
es ar Seadgens imisTana ricxvs, rom SeuZlebeli iyves adgilobrivad
imisTana pirebis povna, romelTac ician saqme da Seasruleben Tavis
movaleobas. me mogaxsenebT praqtikul mosazrebas, Tu marTlac Tqven
gindaT nayofieri muSaoba aqac da iqac, SeuZlebelia, rom es piri iyos
aqac da iqac. realurad warmoidgineT, ra unda gaakeTos gamgeobis
wevrma, vsTqvaT ozurgeTis TviTmarTvelobisa, romelic mudmiv iq
unda iyos, mudam dRe unda Seasrulos Tavisi movaleoba, da meores
mxriv mudam aq unda iyos da mudmiv asrulebdes Tavis movaleobas. re­
alobis mixedviT SeuZlebelia amis SeTavseba imitom, rom aqac da iqac
erTi da igive piri ver Seasrulebs im davalebas, romelsac dRevande­
li Cveni mdgomareoba uTiTebs. argumentebi, rom adgilobrivi TviT­
marTveloba da Cven dakavSirebuli unda viyveT, sruliad marTalia
magram, aqedan ar amomdinareobs, rom TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis
wevri unda iyos damfuZnebel krebis wevrad. moqalaqeno, Tqven xarT
xalxis warmomadgenlebi, gamogzavnili, rogorc xalxis Wiri varamis,
da adgilobriv mdgomareobis mcodne. nu Tu marTla saWiroa, rom
TviTmarTvelobis wevri iyos aq, rom mxolod man icis adgilobrivi
sakiTxebi? nu Tu marTla Tqven im azris xarT, rom Cven Soris iseTi
warmomadgenlebi arian, romelTac Wir-varami xalxisa ar ician? Cven
gvgonia, rom deputatma damfuZnebel krebisa swored unda icodes
xalxis vinaoba, misi cxovreba da Wir-varami. mesame mosazreba moiy­
vanes. mTavrobis wevrebi, ministri ar aris moklebulni am uflebaso.
me mogaxsenebT es aris gamonaklisi. magram gansxvavebac aris. ministrs
Tqven irCevT, Tqveni pirdapiri ndobiT aris aRWurvili, adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobis wevrs ki Tqven ar irCevT. marTalia is pasuxismge­
beli aris Tqvens winaSe, magram upirvelesyovlisa is ar aris pasux­
ismgebeli TviTmarTvelobis sabWos winaSe. arsebiTad gansxvaveba
aris ministris da TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa Soris.
exla unda mogaxsenoT oriode sityva moqalaqe gvazavas sityvis
Sesaxeb. gvazavam gamoacxada, rom arc momxsenebels eTanxmeba arc me,
aravis ar eTanxmeba, da bolos mivida iqamdis, rom meore muxli am kanon
proeqtisa ar unda iyos miRebulio. ra mosazrebiT? erTi mosazreba
moiyvana, rom zneobrivad gamgeobis wevri unda iyos Tavisufalio. ma­

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Talia sityva „zneobrivi“ me ar mixmaria. erTi sityviT, gvazavas unda
gamoeCina originaloba. meore mosazreba moqalaqe gvazavasi, rom min­
istri aris pasuxismgebeli damfuZnebel krebis winaSe da gamgeobis
wevri ki ar aris pasuxismgebeli. gamoyavs sxvaTaSoris, aseTi sabuTi:
Tu ministri gascems sulelur brZanebas, maSin rasakvirvelia, gam­
geobis wevrs aqvs ufleba sTqvas, rom Cemi brali ar aris, ministrma
gasca aseTi brZanebao. es azri sidan momdinareobs? iqidan, rom moqa­
laqe gvazavas hgonia, ministri usaTuod sulelur brZanebas gascems.
(gvazava: sruliadac ara, azrs gageba unda!) Cven vayenebT kiTxvas ase:
ministrma gasca brZaneba? eqvemdebareba Tu ara gamgeobis wevri mas,
daasrulebs Tu ara mis brZanebas, gauwevs angariSs Tu ara? Cvenis az­
riT unda gauwios angariSi, da Seasrulos davaleba. ai am dros Sesa­
Zlebelia daibados maT Soris winaaRmdegoba. Cveni Sexeduloba mar­
toka gamgeobis wevrebs Seexeba, Cven ar vambobT sabWos wevrebzed. Cven
Soris igini arian da adgilobriv mdgomareobas da saqmeebis viTare­
bas sworad gadmogvcemen. Semdeg moqalaqe gvazavas azriT, ministrs
ar unda hqondes ufleba miiRos monawileoba kenWis yraSi. arc es aris
marTali. Tu ai aseTi sakiTxi iqneba, romelic Seexeba ministris moq­
medebas, Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom igi ar miiRebs monawileobas am
sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. magram, roca saxelmwifoebrivi da aRmaSeneb­
lobis sakiTxia, Cven ar movaklebT ministrs uflebas miiRos monawil­
eoba. Cven vemxrobiT kanon-proeqts da vamtkicebT, rom damfuZnebel
krebis da adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobis wevroba SeuTavsebelia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. kamaTi Sewyvetilia. sityva
ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. rasakvirvelia, me movelodi kamaTs, magram im
xasiaTis kamaTs, rogoric aq gaimarTa, ar movelodi; me megona, rom
iqneboda umTavresad dava principebze, principebis sisworiT Tu
mrudeT gatarebaze. amis magier aq laparakoben erTni erT kanonis ga­
monaklisze, meoreni meoreze, da swored stoveben gamonakliss, rom­
lis analogiurs upireben kanonproeqtidan amogdebas. magaliTad,
_ gamgeobis wevri SeuZlebelia, iyos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrado,
Stabis wevri da misTanebi ki SeiZlebao. damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma
baraTaSvilma ganacxada, Stabis wevri SeiZleba darCes, damfuZnebel
krebaSi, TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrs ki arao. universitetis
profesors ki SeuZliao. raSia saqme? yvela es dawesebuleba erTi ti­
pis, erTi xasiaTis aris im mxriv, ra mxriTac dRes es Cven gvainter­
esebs, ese igi moxeleobis mxriv. da me vambob, rom arc erTi aq CamoT­
vlil Tanamdebobis piri ar aris moxele, Cinovniki. Cven rom gvyavdes
magaliTad arCeuli profesorebi ki ara, daniSnuli profesorebi,
me pirveli viqnebodi winaaRmdegi maTi damfuZnebel krebis wevro­
bis, vinaidan isini iqnebodnen mgzavsi Cinovnikebisa; magram swored
imitom, rom Cven gvsurda demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iyvnen ara Ci­
novnikebi, aramed damoukidebeli moazrovneni Tavis gonebis da cod­

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nis mixedviT, amisTvis universiteti aris Tavisufali, avtonomiuri
da profesorebs irCevs kolegia. safrangeTSi arian daniSnulebic
da amorCeulebic. iq aris avtonomiis saSualo forma. Cveni univer­
sitetis avtonomia ki imaSi gamoixateba, rom profesorebi arian ara
Cinovnikebi, ara moxeleebi, aramed Tavisufali momuSaveni arCeuli
imave universitetis profesorebisagan. safrangeTis konstitucia­
Si pirdapir aris naTqvami, profesorebs, romelnic arCeulebi arian
korporaciis mier, aqvT es ufleba, palataSiac iyvnen imave dros wev­
rad. imaT ki, romelic daniSnulni arian, es ufleba ara aqvT. Cven dan­
iSnuli profesorebi ara gvyvavs, isini yvelani arCeulni arian. ise
rom SegviZlian pirdapir yvela profesorebs mivceT krebis wevrad
yofnis ufleba.
axla Cven gvinda analogia gaviyvanoT profesorebis moRvaweobas
da TviT marTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa moRvaweobis Soris. sruliad
analogiuria maTi mdgomareoba da is vinc ambobs, profesorebi Sei­
Zleba darCnen damfuZnebeli krebis wevrado, da uarhyofs gamgeobis
wevrebisTvis am uflebas, did loRikur winaaRmdegobaSi vardeba.
gamgeobis wevri arCeulia. ra aris moxeles Tviseba? moxele aris dan­
iSnuli da damniSvnels ufleba aqvs misi gadayenebisa ai aq ibRale­
ba nebis yofa damfuZnebeli krebis wevris, rodesac igive piri dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevric aris da imave dros moxelec, Tanamdebobis
asrulebeli da SeiZleba gadayenebul iqnes mis zeviT mdgom moxeles­
gan? ai magaliTad, ministrs SeZleba aqvs, Tu mas mosamsaxureTa moq­
medeba, azri an kenWis yra ar moewona, gadaayenos igi Tanamdebobisgan,
an aiZulos amiT mis nebas daemorCilos? me Tqven gekiTxebiT, romel
ministrs SeuZlian amgvarad daimorCilos TviTmarTvelobis gamge­
obis wevri? gana is ministris moxelea? gana SeuZlian ministrs misi
dayeneba, an gadayeneba? sruliadac ara! is damokidebulia savsebiT
Tavis kanonmdebel dawesebulebaze, sabWoze. xmosnebi mas gamoucxade­
ben ndobas, is Tavis adgilas sdgas da Tavis saqmes asrulebs, xmos­
nebi undoblobas gamoucxadeben, is Tavis Tanamdebobidan gadadgeba
Tanamdebobas dahkargavs. Tqven xedavT, rom aq iseTive mdgomiarebaa,
rogorc damfuZnebel krebis da Cveni saministros Soris. is damok­
idebulia swored im pirebisgan, romelTac am Tanamdebobaze daayenes,
da ara ministrisgan, ara umaRles administratiul aparatisgan, da es
aris mTavari dRes CvenTvis. maSasadame misi sakanonmdeblo muSaoba
sruliad SeuzRudelia, rogorc unda, ise miscems xmas, rogorc unda
ise amuSavebs, rogorc unda ise ikanondeblebs, sruliadac ar Sescv­
lis mis nebis yofas, mis azrs, mis azris gamoxatvas, romelime admin­
istratiuli aparatis zedgavlena am mxriv swored zneobrivis mxriv
isini sruli Tavisufalni arian iseve, rogorc prafesorebi, vinaidan
ganaTlebis ministrs ar SeuZlian profesorebis gadayeneba im Tanam­
debobidan, romelic maT uWiravT profesorTa korporaciis survil­
isamebr. aq aris arsebiTi msgavseba TviTmarTvelobis moRvaweebsa da

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profesorebs Soris. sakvirvelia, rom sadavo Seiqmnen mxolod TviT­
marTvelobis moRvaweni!
me Cems moxsenebaSi vambobdi Semdegs: Cven gvaqs zogierTi gamon­
aklisi, magram gamonaklisi ki ar spobs, ar auqmebs mTavar, ZiriTad
debulebas, aramed amtkicebs SeuTavseblobas moxeleobisas, da im
umaRles politikur organos wevrebisas, romelnic ar SeiZleba CaiT­
valon moxeleebaT. me mogaxseneT: SveicariaSi ministrebi moxeleebaT
arian gardaqceuli: da e. i. politikuri pasuxismgebloba maTze ar
sruldeba, ar arsebobs, rogorc es aris parlamentarul qvenynebSi.
ndoba maT Sesaxeb ar arsebobs; ar arsebobs undoblobis gamocxade­
ba da amiT mTeli kabineTis gadayeneba. swored amitom, isini parla­
mentis wevrni ar arian, aramed sdganan parlamentis gareSe, isini
gadaqceulni arian namdvil ubralo moxeleebaT. Tu Cven gvaqs pasux­
smgebeli saministro romlisTvis Cveni votumi undoblobisa niSnavs
dauyonebliv gadayenebas mTliani kabineTisa, maSin cxadia, maT ufle­
ba aqvT iyvnen damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebad. aq me vsTqvi, rom swored
mTavar, ZiriTad principis Tvalsazrisidan gamovdivarT, roca Cven
uSvebT aseT gamonakliss. aseTi gamonaklisi, kanonSi datovebuli, am
princips ki ar gadaabrunebs, ar gadaatrialebs, ki ar gaakuRmarTebs,
aramed am principis cxovrebaSi swored gatarebas gviadvilebs. amiT
da ara raime sxva mosazrebiT, vxelmZRvanelobdiT Cven. imis Tqma mag­
aliTad, rom q. foTis gamgeobis wevri kargad ver imuSavebs damfuZneb­
el krebaSi, eseTi mosazreba praktikulad kargad imuSavebs, Tu cudaT
imuSavebs, aq sruliad zedmetia. ratom ar SeiZleba kargad imuSaos?
sxva aq araferi ar iyo moyvanili TviTmarTvelobis gamgeobis wevrTa
SeuTavseblobis winaaRmdeg. vsTqvaT zogs Zalian didi ojaxi aqvs, da
Tu magaliTad, Svili gauxda avaT aseT wevrs, an sxva raime ubedure­
ba mouxdia ojaxSi, _ aseTi wevri praktikulad ver mova krebaSi, ver
imuSavebs komisiaSi da sxvagan. magram gana SeiZleba amisTvis ufleba
avyaroT mas? maSin bevri sxva aseTi mizezic aRmogviCndeba, da Sei­
Zleba mTeli tomebis wera mogvixdes, imaze Tu vis avyaroT ufleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad yofisa. am mosazrebaze iyo damyarebuli
mTeli debuleba d. kr. wevris gobeCiasi. man wamoayena es praktikuli
Tvalsazrisi. me vetyvi gobeCias SesZlebs Tu ver SesZlebs praktiku­
lad. es mivandoT Cven TviT imaT. imaT orTaves adgilas hyavT Tavis
patroni: iq Tavisi kanondebeli sabWo da aq damfuZnebeli kreba. Cven
gvaqs Cveni wesi, romelsac eqvemdebareba yoveli wevri damfuZnebeli
krebisa. TviTeul gamgeobas yavs TviTmarTvelobis sabWo, romelic
parlamentarul saxiT aris Sedgenili, da romelsac aqvs aseTive wesi,
da moTxovna maTgan muSaobisa am wesis mixedviT xdeba. aq kanonmdebeli
pirdapir ver gadasWris: Tqven SegiZlianT iyoT, d. kr. wevrad Tqven
ki ar SegiZlianT maT wesebSi CaerioT. sruliad zedmetia Cveni Care­
va, iq sadac TviT nebis yofa sazogadoebrivi azrisa uZRveba Tamamad
Tavis saqmes. Torem maSin unda daviwyoT profesorebzedac laparaki;

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Tu magaliTad universiteti iqneba quTaisSi gadatanili da leqciebi
yovel dRe unda ikiTxon ar eqnebaT ufleba d. kr. wevrad iyvnen. dasas­
rul iseT kazuistikis SemuSaveba dagvWirdeba, romelsac verasodes
ver amovwuravT.
am gvarad me vambob, rom arcerTi am tribunidan wamoyenebuli
debuleba, arc erTi mosazreba ar exeba im princips, romelzedac aris
aSenebuli es kanon-proeqti. me gamakvira swored giTxraT, rodesac
Tqves, rom gamgeobis wevrs ar SeuZlian SeTavseba damf. krebis wevro­
bis da umaRles saswavleblis profesors ki SeuZliano. aq principi
ki aRar aris, aris sxva raRaca mosazreba: erTma kidec gvisayvedura
Tqven xalxi ara gyavT adgilobriv magram aris sxva bevri xalxio, es
ubralo gancxadeba ar aris. amaSi partiuli kinklaoba gamoixateba
da ara saqmianoba. Cven kanons vcemT ara imis mixedviT, Tu vis hyavs bev­
ri xalxi, da vis ara. Cvens kanons vcemT principialur ideebis mixed­
viT, romelnic saRia da romlis cxovrebaSi gatareba aucilebel saW­
iroebas Seadgens saqarTvelosaTvis.
axla gadaval saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevrebzed. aq
ilaparakes imis Sesaxeb, rom isini ar unda iyvnen damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevrad. swored imitom rom gvardia aris jari, da analogia gai­
yvanes mas da mudmivi jaris Soris. me aq unda xazis gasmiT aRvniSno,
rom Stabi gvardiisa, sazogadod gvardia aris, upirvelesad yovli­
sa, politikuri organizacia, da ramdenic unda vmaloT is mainc fak­
tia, rom gvardia aris SeiaraRebuli revoliucia, romlis arseboba
gareSe politikisa warmoudgenelia. diax es gaxlavT SeiaraRebuli
revoliucia da Tu es gadaiqceva SemdegSi mudmiv jarad, maSin unda
vifiqroT rogori ufleba da rogori movaleoba eqneba mas. dRes gvar­
diis saxiT gvyavs iseTi SeiaraRebuli Zala, romelic Sedgeba Tavisu­
fali TvisnebiT mosuli xalxisagan, dRes asrulebs jariskacis mova­
leobas, xval ubralo moqalaqea, dRes frontze sdgas da ibrZvis, xval
roca is frontidan TbilisSi dabrundeba, es jaris kaci aRar iqneba,
is iqneba ubralo muSa, ubralo moqalaqe da Tavis saqmes, Cveulebriv
normalur Tavis muSaobas awarmoebs. ai aseTi mdgomareoba gvardii­
sa, qmnis mas ara jarad, aramed mxolod SeiaraRebul revoliuciad.
ai es aris mTavari gansxvaveba gvardias da jars Soris. ramdenadac
jari upartio unda iyos, imdenad gvardias ar SeuZlian iyos poli­
tikis gareSe. amitom Cven vambobT, rom revoliucionur moRvaweebi­
sTvis, Stabi politikuri dawesebulebaa, politikuri xelmZRvane­
lia, diax, rogorc texnikuri, ise politikuri xelmZRvanelia. da me
vambob, rom mas politikuri muSaoba politikuri xelmZRvaneloba wa­
varTvaT, mouspoT kanonmdeblobis ufleba, es sruliad zedmetia. ar­
aviTari mdgomareoba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisa ar moiTxovs amas.
rodesac amis winaaRmdeg laparakobda moqalaqe gvazava, is ambobda,
ra waxdeba rom ar mivceT ufleba kanonmdeblobiso. me ar mivcem amaze
pasuxs, me vambob, ra gakeTdeba imiT, rom avarTvaT es ufleba? roca

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gindaT adamians ufleba aarTvaT, unda ikiTxo gakeTdeba Tu ara imde­
ni saqme, rom Rirdes amisTvis uflebis arTmeva. is ambobs, ra waxdeba,
rom ar iyos deputatad esa Tu is gvardieli? me vambob, ra waxdeba
rom ar iyos esa Tu is deputati, ivane, petre, sergo, daTiko? an gana
imaze aris laparaki, Tu ra waxdeba? erTi raime partia rom ar iyos aq
sruliad ra moxdeba? daingreva qveyana? araferi ar waxdeba. magram
amiT gakeTdeba rame? es aris umTavresi kiTxva: gakeTdeba ram Tu ara,
rom zogierT partias damfuZnebel krebaSi Semosvla aekrZalos? ra
gakeTdeba? da Tu araferi ar gakeTdeba, me vambob, uflebis warTme­
va imisTvis, rom araferi ar gakeTdes, yovlad miuRebelia, yovlad,
SeuZlebelia kanondeblobaSi. swored am mosazrebiT, da am ZiriTad
safuZvelis gamo romelzedac aSenebulia gvardia saerTod da misi
Stabi kerZod, Cven vambobT, rom yovlad SeuZebelia gvardiisa da
Stabis wevrs avukrZaloT damfuZnebel krebaSi yofna. Tqven iciT,
rom Cven mier miRebul kanoniT, gvardiis Stabi ar emorCileba samin­
istros. is emorCileba samxedro Zalas, samxedro disciplinas maSin,
rodesac omSi aris gawveuli. danarCen SemTxvevebSi igi aris ubralo
moqalaqe, misi gamowveva SeuZlian an mTavrobis Tavmjdomares, an mTa­
var Stabs. es didi gansxvaveba gaxlavT. ase, ro, rogorc xedavT, es
Stabi erTgvarad sruliad damoukidebeli organo aris, vinaidan is
ar aris administratiuli saxelmwifos aparatis muSaobaze damok­
idebuli, es arc Cveulebrivi jaria; da amitom arc miudgeba mas prin­
cipi moxeleobisa, vinaidan masSi wminda politikuri sazogadoebrivi
moRvaweebia, romelnic frontze emorCilebian disciplinas, rogorc
namdvili jaris kacebi, namdvili sardlebi da oficrebi, da ara sxva
dros, sxva momentSi. Cven ar gvgonia, rom ganuwyvetlivi omi gveqne­
ba, magram Cven gvgonia, rom xandisxan gvardias dasWirdeba mogereba
Semoseul mtrisa, danarCen dros es iqneba ubralo moqalaqe, da ro­
gorc ubralo moqalaqe, is Seasrulebs Tavis politikur movaleobas,
kanondeblobliTi movaleobas, damfuZnebel krebis wevris movaleo­
bas. swored amitom, unda darCes kanon-proeqtSi es muxlSi Semotani­
li komisiisagan. sxva amis winaaRmdegi arsebiTi araferi wamouyenebi­
aT. garda amisa unda aRvniSno is, rac am Stabis Sesaxeb gamoiTqva:
aq Tqves, droa dadges revoliuciao gamovceT Tund dekreti, rom
revoliucia gaTavdao. amaze mogaxsenebT, rom aseTi dekretis gamoce­
ma SeuZlebelia, veraviTari dekretiT Cven revoliucias ver SevaCe­
rebT, verc gavaZlierebT. arc ki viciT damfuZnebeli kreba gaTavdeba
ufro adre, Tu revoliucia, verc amas gadagiWriT. arc damfuZnebel
krebis mowveviT SeiZleba CavTvaloT revoliucia damTavrebulad.
mxolod me mgoni, Tu Cven davagvirgvinebT imas, rac revoliuciiT Se­
viZineT, da gavaxorcielebT, cxovreba Cadgeba erTgvar kalapotSi, da
aRar iqneba ryeva da qanaoba. sanam es ar moxdeba, manamde revoliucio­
nuri moZraoba, sulerTia, moisurvebs, _ damfuZnebel krebis wevri
gvazava amas, Tu ar moisurvebs, moisurvebs sxva romelime fraqciis

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wevri amas, Tu ar moisurvebs; revoliucia maT nebaze ar aris odnav­
aTac damokidebuli. dekretebic, rom gamovceT, gaTavdes revoliu­
cia Tqo, revoliucia ar gaTavdeba. amitom es sakiTxi unda movxsnaT.
am kiTxvis wamoyeneba, unda giTxraT, axasiaTebs mxolod zogierTis
sulier ganwyobilebas; zogierTebs surT, rom revoliucia gaTavdes.
magram es Cven ar gvaZlevs sabuTs, maT subieqtur survils gavyveT,
da kanondebloba amas SeufardoT. ai es gaxlavT saerTo mosazreba,
romelic warmogidgineT Tqven, da Semdeg Tu nebas momcemT gadaval
muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze
uyri kenWs. miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli muxlobriv.

muxlobrivi ganxilva.

raJden arseniZe. (kiTxulobs.)


I. damfuZnebel krebis wevroba da saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi
sam­saxuri erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
es debuleba ar vrceldeba: ministrebsa, maTs amxanagebsa, saxel­
mwifo kontroliorsa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa, umaRles skolis pro­
fesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da maswavleblebzed. ar vrceldeba
agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar Stabis wevrebzed. aq CamoTvlil
TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva pirveli muxlis Sesaxeb?
sityva ekuTvnis gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n. d.) batonebo; am muxlis Sesaxeb me minda Sevita­
no ori Sesworeba.
erTi, rogorc iciT, Stabis Sesaxeb, meore ministrebis gadamwyve­
ti xmis micemis Sesaxeb.
baton arseniZes sityvam ver damarwmuna imaSi, rom mis mier aRi­
arebuli principi SeuTavseblobisa gatarebul iyos gvardiis Stabis
Sesaxeb. Tu Stabis wevri damoukidebelia, Tavisufalia Tavis sakanon­
mdeblo muSaobaSi, es ar ewinaaRmdegeba arc revoliuciis interesebs,
arc sxva ram moTxovnilebas. piriqiT, Tu gvardia aris SeiaraRebuli
Zala, SeiaraRebuli revoliucia, swored am Zalam unda miiRos yove­
live Ronis Zieba, rom Sehqmnas iseTi pirobebi, rom SeiZlebodes mSvi­
dobianad muSaoba, daraji unda iyos swored am damfuZnebel krebisa.
da ara win eRobebodes damfuZnebeli krebis interesebs. magram, rode­
sac Tqven am Tanamdebobas da im Tanamdebobas, Stabis da damfuZnebel
krebis wevrobas, erTmaneTSi urevT, Tqven amiT swored spobT imas, ra­
sac Tqven emsaxurebodiT. rodesac SeuTavseblobaze aris laparaki,
Tqven gvardiis wevris Sesaxeb ambobT, _ ra saWiroa rom is piri,rome­
lic aris wevri damfuZnebel krebisa Tavisufali iyos im gavlenidan,
romelsac axdens Stabi, an TiTon mTavrobis Tavmjdomare? gamodis,

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TiTqo Stabi aravis emorCileba. es yovlad SeuZlebelia. gvardia
mainc da mainc aris dawesebuleba romelic moqmedebs saxelmwifoSi,
da Tu suverenoba aris aq moqceuli, es suverenoba unda iyos seriozu­
lad daculi. Tu saWiroa StabisTvis, rom man iyolios aq Tavis war­
momadgeneli, amis winaaRmdeg aravin iqneba; mxolod Tu aseTi piri,
amorCeulia wevrad damfuZnebel krebisa, Tavi unda daanebos StabSi
samsaxurs, rom iyos Tavisufali, yovel ara-sasurvel gavlenisagan.
aq iTqva, rom igi emorCileba ara mTavrobas sazogadod, ara samxe­
dro ministrs gansakuTrebiT, aramed mTavrobis Tavmjdomareso. es
kidev uaresi. gamodis, rom Tavmjdomares aq, damfuZnebeli krebaSi,
hyavs Tavisi SeiaraRebuli Zala. es yovlad SeuZlebelia TviT kre­
bis RirsebisaTvis. amitom me winadadeba Semomaqvs pirvel muxlidan
amoiSalos Semdegi fraza: „ar vrceldeba agredve saxalxo gvardiis
Stabis wevrebze.“
meore unda mogaxsenoT, rom im ministrebs, romelnic damfuZneb­
el krebis wevrebi arian, neba ar unda hqondeT gardamwyveti xmis mice­
misa. amis Sesaxeb Cemi azri mogaxseneT, amis winaaRmdeg b. momxsenebels
araferi uTqvams. marTalia, Sveicariis magaliTi CvenTvis misabaZi ar
aris, piriqiT, Cven ukve gadavdgiT nabiji, saidanac sCans, rom min­
istri pasuxis mgebeli unda iyos, ministrebi moqmedi Zalebi arian,
isini sdganan aRmasrulebel Zalis saTaveSi, isini arian pasuxismge­
belni Cven winaSe. aseT pirobebSi yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom ministrs
mieces neba Tavis Tavs xma misces Tavis moqmedebis SefasebaSi. Tu pa­
suxsmgebloba miRebulia, es yovlad SeuZlebelia. marTalia, es aris
miRebuli safrangeTSi, magram safrangeTis magaliTi gadamwyveti ar
aris, arc Sveicariisa. (naTaZe: sad aris?) ras brZanebT? (naTaZe: sad
aris?) safrangeTSi aris, mxolod maSin rodesac sakiTxi Seexeba mis
moqmedebas. magram me sazogadod vambob: Tu Cven vRebulobT princips
pasuxismgeblobisas, saministro pasuxismgebelia, vinaidan kabineti
_ solidarulia. saerTod, am SemTxvevaSi sul erTia, sakiTxi Seexe­
ba erTs ministrs gansakuTrebiT. Tu mTavrobis moqmedebas saerTod.
Cemi winadadeba aris, rom sanam ministri Tavis movaleobas asrulebs
imas xma ar unda hqondes. amitom Semomaqvs Sesworeba meore muxlSi.
(kiTxulobs): „ministrebs, mis amxanagebs, kontroliors da mis amxan­
agebs ara aqvs ufleba gadamwyveti xmis micemisa damfuZnebel krebaSi
sanam TavianT Tanamdebobas asruleben“.
Tavmjdomare sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. marTali mogaxsenoT, sruliad ar movelodi, Tu
aq daayenebdnen am kiTxvas, Tu imas dauSvebdnen, rom SeiZleba kaci
iyos damfuZnebel krebis wevri, da xelis awevis ufleba ar hqondes.
damfuZnebel krebis wevri, yvela xom ar laparakobs? misi monawil­
eoba, dafuZnebuli nebis gamoxatvaSi is aris, rom kiTxvis gadaWraSi
iRebs monawileobas. es mTavari momentia, rodesac mtkicdeba nebis
yofa mTel damfuZnebel krebisa, da Tu am moments, am nebayofas Cven

140
gamovacliT, is xdeba potencialuri wevri, romelic SeiZleba odesme
gaxdes namdvil wevrad. potencialuri wevri, ki ar aris namdvili wev­
ri damfuZnebeli krebisa. Tu ki is iqneba damfuZnebel krebis wevri,
maSin Cven veraviTar uflebas damfuZnebel krebis wevrisas, mas ver
avarTmevT, verafer uflebidan mas ver gavanTavisuflebT, radgan
yvela konstitucias TaviT loRika aqvsa da iq, sadac ministrebi ar
arian wevri sakanondeblo dawesebulebisa, maT aqvT saTaTbiro xma.
es aris SveicariaSi, iq, sadac isini arian pasuxismgebelni da SeiZle­
ba iyvnen imave dros sakanondeblo dawesebulebis wevrad imaT aqvT
gadamwyveti xma rogorc wevrT. bolos da bolos es ufleba gamodis
ara pirovnebis mdgomareobidan, aramed gamodis mis arCevidan, iqidan,
rom is aris arCeuli. ese igi iqidan, rom is warmomadgenelia saxelm­
wifosi, rogorc kanondebeli, da rogor SeiZleba, rom kanondebelma
saqmeebi ar gadasWras? imis moyvana sabuTad, rom roca iqneba sakiTxi
mis moqmedebaze, ndobaze, maSinac miiRebs monawileobaso, sakmao ar
aris, imitom rom didi muSaoba, mTavari, udidesi da umniSvnelova­
nesi aris kanondebloba, da ara ndobis da undoblobis gamocxadeba.
es SeiZleba moxdes xSirad, es SeiZleba moxdes iSviaTad. kanondeblo­
ba ki aris mudmivi. magram Tu kanonmdebeli ar miiRebs kenWis yraSi
monawileobas is ar iqneba wevri. amitom es Sesworeba unda moisxnas,
rogorc miuRebeli.
rac Seexeba Stabis wevrebs, raki gamoiTqva sul axali mosazre­
ba, me saWirod mimaCnia aRvniSno Semdegi. me vTqvi, rom es aris poli­
tikuri organizacia, politikuri jari, damcveli revoliuciisa;
es gamoiyenes imis sabuTad, TiTqos gvardia iyos winaaRmdegi dam­
fuZnebel krebisa, ese gaamrudes Cemi sityvebi. me mgoni, rom piriqiT
swored imiT aris kargi gvardia, es SeiaraRebuli revoliucia, rom
igi aris damcveli revoliuciisa, aris damcveli Cven damfuZnebel
krebisa. romelic agreTve Svilia am revoliuciisa. damfuZnebeli
kreba _ es aris xorc Sesxmuli revoliucia. nuTu Tqven ggoniaT, rom
damfuZnebeli kreba mowveulia imitom, rom viRamac raRac moisurva?
ara es aris upirvelesyovlisa gamomxatveli am revoliuciis Semom­
qmedebiTi muSaobisa, da Tu am SemomqmedebiTi muSaobas esaWiroeba
normaluri pirobebis damcveli, rom mas Tavs ar daesxnen isini, visac
marTla unda CafuSva am revoliucionur muSaobisa. ai amisTvis Cven
gvesaWiroeba politikurad aRrzdili jari, SeiaraRebuli revoli­
ucia, romelsac warmoadgens saxalxo gvardia _ politikurad momza­
debuli Zala. am ori Zalis e. i. damfuZnebeli krebis da gvardiis
gaTiSva da dapirdapireba erTi meorisaTvis ar SeiZleba, vinaidan
isini erT da igive totze arian aRrzdilni, erTi da igive totis­
gan arian warmomdgari da imdenad SeduRebulni erTmaneTSi, rom
me pirdapir ver warmomidgenia erTi umeorod. es pirveli. meorec,
me vambob: ar Tavdeba revoliucia damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobiT.
rodesac gaTavdeba revoliucia, dadgeba normaluri mdgomareoba,

141
normaluri pirobebi. rodesac savsebiT ganvaxorcielebT revoli­
uciis monapovaraT, Tavis Tavad cxadia, maSin gvardia saWiro aRar
iqneba. gaTavdeba revoliucia, dadgeba normaluri cxovreba, da
gveyoleba jari upartio, normaluri pirobebis mixedviT, milicia
an sxva ram. da ara gvardia. gvardia imave dResve daubrundeba Tav­
is Cveulobriv muSaobas. Tqven Tu gindaT gaigoT, rodis gaTavdeba
revoliucia, ai amis niSani: rodesac aRar iqneba saxalxo gvardia,
aRar iqneba damfuZnebeli kreba, da mis adgilas daiWers Cveule­
brivi, normaluri parlamenti, an sxva amgvari ram parlamentarul
xasiaTis dawesebuleba, maSin damTavrebulia revoliucia. magram
manam, sanam, es SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba ar Sesrulebula, da axali ka­
lapoti savsebiT ar gamoWedila, cxovreba ar Camoyalibebula, _ ro­
gor SegviZlian vTqvaT, revoliucia gaTavda, revoliuciam Tavis mi­
zans miaRwia? Tu ar SegviZlian amis Tqma, cxadia arc SegviZlia xeli
aviRoT im Zalebze, romelnic am miznebs emsaxurebian. aseTia gvar­
dia, rogorc SeiaraRebuli Zala. imave revoliucionur politiki­
sa, aseTivea damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc goneba da kanonmdeblobi­
Ti warmomadgenloba imave politikisa, imave revoliuciisa. am ori
Zalis erTad yofna, TanamSromloba, SeTavseba _ es aris uaRresad
sasargeblo da sakeTildReo. swored amitom me vambob, rom gvard­
ieli unda iyos kanondeblad, vinaidan is icavs imas, rasac ewodeba
revoliucionuri kanondebloba, da revoliuciis warmomadgenlo­
ba revoliuciur xanaSi. swored amitom gvardielebisTvis SeiZleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobis SeTavseba.
amgvarad arc es da arc meore winadadeba damfuZnebeli krebis
wevris gvazavasi, romelic ambobs, rom ministrs unda mieniWos mxo­
lod saTaTbiro xma damf. krebaSi, misaRebi ar aris.

erovnul demokratiul fraqciis


Sesworeba da damateba.

Tavmjdomare. neba momeciT kenWi uyaro. aq aris Sesworeba da


damateba. pirvel muxlidan amoiSalos „ar vrceldeba agreTve sax­
alxo gvardiis Stabis wevrebzed“.
vin aris momxre, rom pirvel muxlidan amoiSalos: „ar vrceldeba
agreTve saxalxo gvardiis Stabis wevrebze. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
Sesworeba uaryofili gaxlavT. exla damateba „ministrebs, mis amxan­
agebs, kontroliors da mis amxanags ara aqvs ufleba gadamwyveti xmis
micemisa damfuZnebel krebaSi, sanam TviTs Tanamdebobas asruleben“.
vin aris momxre. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uaryofili gaxlavT.
exla muxls mTlianad uyri kenWs ise, rogorc Semotanilia mom­
xseneblis mier. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava
Tavi? (Tavi Seikava kediam)

142
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) 2. adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gam­
gobis wevrebs ar ekrZalebaT iyvnen imave dros damfuZnebel krebis
wevrad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis b. baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) Tanaxmad Cvenis azrisa am muxlidan amoRe­
buli unda iyos: „damfuZnebel krebis wevroba da adgilobriv TviT­
marTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevroba SeuTavsebelia“.
SegveZlo rasakvirvelia winaaRmdeg migveca xma. magram Cven ise
movisazreT, rom warmodgenili unda iyos Cveni azri werilobiTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs WiabriSvils.
an. WiabriSvili. (adgilidan) meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare: diax, meore muxlis Sesaxeb.
WiabriSvili. (adgilidan) meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, sxva msurveli ar aris. gsurT, batono
momxsenebelo sityva?
r. arseniZe. me komisiis saxeliT winaaRmdegi var. amis, sabuTebi
ukve mogaxseneT.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) 3. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gasamrje­
loT mieces 1500 man. Tviurad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris, araris Cem
xelT baraTi.
kenWs uyri mesame muxls. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT meoTxe muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
damfuZnebel krebis wevri sxva jamagirs verc saxelmwifo dawese­
bulebidan miiRebs da verc adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobidan.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis WiabriSvils.
andro WiabriSvili. (s. d.) social-demokratiul fraqciis az­
riT, romelsac savsebiT iziarebs da miRebuli aqvs agreTve safinan­
so komisias, sjobia, rom ase moviqceT: raki aris iseTi Tanamdebobani,
romelTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis Tanam­
debobasTan da maT aqvs ufleba ai am SeniSvnis Tanaxmad, romelic aris
aq kanon-proektSi, rom gasamjelo miiRon iq, sadac isini dainaxaven
saWirod, mxolod erT adgilas amitom vfiqrobT, rom meoTxe muxli
amoSlili iyos, mxolod darCes es SeniSvna, an es SeniSvna gadakeTdes
pirdapir muxlad, da iyos naTqvami Semdegi: (..kiTxulobs)...
- „is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxl arian moxsen­
ebulni, gasamrjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi
arCeviT.“

143
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven brZaneT, an, an. ra Sesworeba Se­
mogaqvT?
andro WiabriSvili. muxli amoSlili iyos im saxiT, romliTac aq
aris da darCes is SeniSvna, romelic aq aris. darCes meoTxe muxlad
erTi damatebiT romelic aq warmodgenilia: (kiTxulobs) „is Tanamde­
bobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni gasamrje­
los iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi arCeviT.“
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. sityva ekuT­
vnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli. im SesworebiT, romelic iq Semoitanes, Semdegi gan­
sxvaveba myardeba im muxlis Soris, romelic sakonstitucio komisi­
am miiRo da axal ganzraxul muxlis Soris. aq naTqvamia: (kiTxulobs)
„is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni,
gasamrjelos iReben, romelime erTi adgilidgan Tvisi arCeviT.“
sakonstitucio komisiis mier miRebul muxlSi ki sweria: „dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevri sxva jamagirs visac saxelmwifo dawesebu­
lebidan miiRebs da varT TviTmarTvelobidan“ da ara arCeviT, pir­
vel muxlSi ki moxsenebulni arian swored aseTi pirebi: e. i. ministri,
misi amxanagi, profesorebi da TviTmarTvelobis wevrebi, roca isini
damfuZnebel krebis wevrebi arian. gansxvaveba mainc da mainc ar aris
didi an arsebiTi. miuxedavad amisa, rom bevri ramis Tqma ar SeiZle­
ba amis winaaRmdeg, me komisiisagan ara maqvs davaleba. komisiis azri
mkafiod iyo gamoTqmuli. amitom me vicav im debulebas, romelic komi­
siis saxeliT iyo warmodgenili.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba gaxlavT Semdegi (kiTxulobs).
„is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel da meore muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni gasarmjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavis
arCeviT.“
Sesworeba, romelic mogaxseneT, rogorca sCans, exeba mxolod
SeniSvnas. amitom Tu keTil inebebT da muxls amoSliT, maSin Semdegi
sakiTxi iqneba SeniSvnisa. neba miboZeT rom kenWi uyaro. vin aris momx­
re, rom meoTxe muxli uSeniSnoT amoSlili iyos? vin aris winaaRmde­
gi? vin Seikava Tavi?
maSasadame me-4-e muxli amoSlili aris.
exla SeniSvna. winadadeba aris, rom SeniSvna muxlad gadakeTdes.
vin aris momxre rom SeniSvnas muxlis Zala mieces? vin aris winaaRmde­
gi? vin Seikava Tavi? miRebuli gaxlavT. exla SeniSvna aseTi gaxlavT:
(kiTxulobs) „is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni jamagirs iReben erT romelime adgilTan Tavisi arCeviT“.
Sesworeba. aseTi gaxlavT: (kiTxulobs) „is Tanamdebobis pirni,
romlebic pirvel muxlSi arian moxsenebulni gasamrjelos iReben,
romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi arCeviT“. vin aris momxre im Ses­
worebisa romelic mogaxsenaT krebis wevrma WiabriSvilma? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi? miRebuli gaxlavT.

144
maSasadame meoTxe muxli iqneba im saxiT, rogorc Semotanilia so­
cial-demokratiis fraqciis mier.
gTxovT waikiTxoT mexuTe muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
5. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebels Tanamdebobas asrulebs,
movalea, dRidan am kanonis miRebisa erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi, Semoi­
tanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova. wi­
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebel krebis wevris uflebas
da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.
Tavmjdomare. surs vismes sityva? msurveli ar aris. maSasadame
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waakiTxoT meeqvse muxli.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs).
6. es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame
kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris momxre kanon-proektisa mTlianad? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
vin Seikava Tavi? kanon-proeqti miRebuli gaxlavT da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias.

damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxva.

Tavmjdomare. Semdeg gansaxilveli gaxlavT damfuZnebel krebis


1919 w. xarjTaRricxva. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels daviT oniaSvils.
daviT oniaSvili. kanon-proeqti saqarTvelos damfuZnebel kre­
bis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvis damtkicebisa. rogorc saTauridan
xedavT, es kanon-proeqti gulisxmobs xarjT-aRricxvas, romelic Se­
exeba damfuZnebel krebas.
saqme imaSia, rom damfuZnebel krebas, ise rogorc saqarTvelos
parlaments warsulSi, hyavs prezidiumi da mis xelmZRvanlobiT dam­
fuZnebel krebasTan muSaobs kancelaria. kancelariis Sesanaxad, um­
Tavresad, kanon-proeqti moiTxovs xazinidad 3-milionis 179 aTas 10
man. gadadebas.
Tu Tqven am xarjT-aRricxvas am Jamad SeadarebT warsul wlis
parlamentis xarjTaRricxvas, _ dainaxavT, rom es xarjTaRricxva
sagrZnoblad gazrdilia. mizezi am garemoebisa, is gaxlavT, rom mas
Semdeg rac miRebul iqmna saqarTvelos parlamentis kancelariis
xarjT-aRricxva, _ es iyo warsul wlis ivnisSi, am dRidan dRemdis
cxovrebis pirobebi Zalian Seicvala. dRevandel pirobebSi miReba
parlamentis xarjT-aRricxvisa sityva sityviT, yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia. Tqven iciT, rom cxovreba Zvirdeba, Sromis fasi Zalian gaZvirda,

145
amasTanave fasebi sxva da sxva masalebisa romelic sWirdeba kancelar­
ias, sazRaprod gaizardnen.
jer kidev warsul wlis damlevs prezidiumSi dadga am xarjT-aR­
ricxvis gadidebis sakiTxi, magram, (Tumca es xarjT-aRricxva ganixi­
la da daamtkica safinanso komisiam, es iyo parlamentis muSaobis mi­
wurulebSi) igi parlamentma aRar ganixila.
Cven movelodiT, rom male mowveul iqneba damfuZnebeli kreba da
am sakiTxis gadaWra gadaecema damfuZnebel krebas, romelic aris ba­
toni da patroni Cveni qveynisa.
marTalia Cveni xazinis mdgomareoba autanelia, dRes igi ganic­
dis finansiur kriziss, Cveni qveyana saerTod Raribi aris, magram mi­
uxedevaT am mdgomareobisa, safinanso komisia iZulebuli iyo mainc,
zogierT muxlebis Sesworebis garda, mxari daeWira da daemtkicebina
es xarjT-aRricxva, romelsac Tqven ai am wuTSi moismenT.
me mogaxseneT, rom warsul wlis xarjT-aRricxvis datove­
ba ise, rogorc iyo SarSan parlamentSi miRebuli, dRes yovlad
SeuZlebelia. me minda magaliTi mogiyvanoT. warsul wels safos­
to-satelegrafo da sxva sakancelario xarjebi udrida 25 aTas maneTs.
magram Tqven iciT moqalaqeno, rom am sakancelario nivTebis fasebma
ise aiwies, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia darCes es jami da kancelariam
ganagrZos Tavis arseboba. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg kancelarias moux­
deba damatebiT xarjT-aRricxvis warmodgena da Tqven misi damt­
kiceba. es ki ufro gaarTulebs Cven sakanondeblo muSaobas, amitom
safinanso komisiam gaadida es jami, 25 aTasis magivrad aris 100-aTa­
si. Semdeg kidev me davasaxeleb, damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa sagzao
xarjebisTvis gadadebuli iyo 10 aTasi maneTi. wels amis miReba, ra­
sakvirvelia, yovlad SeuZlebelia. wels damfuZnebel krebis wevrebs
ueWvelia mouxdebaT ufro xSirad provinciaSi gamgzavreba, rasak­
virvelia, damfuZnebel krebis davalebiT. da es 10 aTasi maneTi Se­
darebiT sruliad ver anazRaurebs im xarjebs, romelic unda gas­
wion damafuZnebel krebis wevrebma, da es xarjebi gaizdeba. amitom
aq navaraudevi aris 100 aTasi maneTi.
rac Seexeba jamagirebs, es jamagirebic SedarebiT gadidebulia.
ramdenime magaliTs mogiyvanT.
SarSan parlamentis saqmis mwarmoebeli iRebda 650 man. Tqven
mSvenierad iciT, rom dRevandel pirobebSi im jamagiriT cxovreba
yovlad SeuZlebelia. safinanso komisiam miiRo 1000 man.
stenografiul oqmebis Semdgenlebi SarSan Rebuloben 700-m. da
Tqven iciT rom es Sroma Zalian intensiuri aris, da marTlac SeuZle­
belia, rom am jildoTi dakmayofildnen. amitom safinanso komisiam
saWirod scno gaudidoT jamagiri 1100 manaTamde.
saerTod Tu aviRebT, TviTeul Tanamdebobis pirs saSualod aqvs
momatebuli Tviuri jamagiri. amis da mixedviT gaizarda is saerTo
jami, romelic iyo miRebuli SarSan. ase rom, Tu warsul wels par­

146
lamentis xarjebi udrida 1-milions, wels damfuZnebel krebis xarji
udris, rogorc mogaxseneT, 3-mil. 179 aTass.
maSasadame es erTi garemoeba, romelidanac gamodioda safinanso
komisia, rodesac es adgenda da imuSavebda xarjT-aRricxvas magram es
imas ar amtkicebs, rom safinanso komisiam TiTqos guluxvoba gamoiCi­
na. Cven rasakvirvelia, angariSs uwevdiT dRevandel mdgomareobas, im
safinanso kriziss, romelsac ganicdis Cveni saxelmwifo. sadac Sei­
Zleboda xelis moWera, sadac SeiZleboda ekonomiis gaweva, safinanso
komisia scdilobda, rom ekonomia gaewia.
ai magaliTad, Cven rodesac Statebi gadavaTvaliereT, zogierTi
Tanamdeboba gavauqmeT.
magaliTad aq aris kancelariis gamgis amxanagis Tanamdeboba. dRes
ki safinanso komisiis mier gauqmebulia es. rasakvirvelia exla Tqven­
ze aris damokidebuli miiRebT Tu ara amas.
Semdeg Cven gavauqmeT umcrosi saqmis mwarmoeblebi. ori kate­
goria iyo: umcrosi da umfrosi. umcrosi saqmis mwarmoeblebi, Cven
gauerTianeT ufrosebs. sul iyo cxra, eqvsi umfrosi da sami umcro­
si. Cven movspeT saxelwodeba, da aRarc umfrosia da aRarc umcrosi,
aris mxolod saqmis mwarmoebeli da aseTi piri sul rva aris.
Semdeg gavauqmeT egzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanamdeboba.
ai es cvlileba aris Setanili komisiis mier.
rasakvirvelia Tqven SegiZlianT ifiqroT, rom mainc didia Cvens
patara respublikisTvis aseTi xarjebis miReba. SeiZleba, magram unda
mogaxsenoT, safinanso komisiis azriT Semcireba, kidev imaze metad,
rac Semcireba moixdines, es yovlad SeuZlebelia. Tu SevamcirebT da
kidev Sors wavalT, maSin Cven, rasakvirvelia, imedi ar gveqneba, rom
damfuZnebel krebis kancelaria Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, da es
movaleoba ki Zalian didi awevs mas! Tu Cven mivmarTavT warsulis mag­
aliTebs parlamentis sxdomidan, Tqven iciT, rom warsul wlis gan­
mavlobaSi, saqarTvelos parlamentSi sul Semotanili iyo 247 pro­
eqti, amaTSi ganxiluli iyo da miRebuli 165 kanon-proeqti da Semdeg
22-SekiTxva. ai yvela am kanon-proeqtebs undoda damuSaveba, gadabe­
Wdva, sistemaSi moyvana, gagzavna fraqciebSi, komisiebSi. parlamen­
tSi muSaobda 20-de komisia, da daaxlovebiT imaTSi 15-komisia iyo
mTavari da umTavresi. iqac, rasakvirvelia, kancelarias unda gaewia
Savi, muSaoba. TviT kancelariis moxeleebi muSaobdnen am komisieb­
Si. da is didi samuSao, romelic awva parlamentis kancelarias, da
damfuZnebeli kreba romelic, ese vsTqvaT, erTgvari memkvidre aris,
kvlav daawveba damfuZnebel krebis kancelarias. ueWvelia damfuZne­
beli kreba ufro Zlier tempiT imuSavebs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me mgo­
nia es muSaoba ar Semcirdeba Tu ar gaZlierda.
rasakvirvelia parlamentis kancelariis muSaobas warsulSi
hqonda defeqtebi, amas aravin ar uaryobs, safinanso komisia acxadebs
sajarod. magram es miewereba ara romelime moxelis ucodinarobas,

147
ara romelime moxelis gulgrilobas, aramed im obieqtiur pirobebs,
romelSiac iyo saerTod Cayenebuli es kancelariis muSaoba, romelic
umTavres samuSaos kisrulobs, mogexsenebaT ar aris am axal kanonde­
blobiT muSaobis dros agre rigad advili. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom
es iyo axali saqme Cven socialur cxovrebaSi, da gamocdil, Tavidanve
TavianT, simaRleze mdgar pirebis gamoZebna, Zalian Zneli saqme iyo
da imedi gvaqs, rom momavalSi, rodesac sakanondeblo muSaoba fes­
vebs gaidgams da moimagrebs, kancelaria ukeTesad da metis gulmodg­
inebiT Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas.
ai is mosazrebani, romelnic me mindoda gameziarebina TqvenTvis,
vidre Cven gadavidodiT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomareobs simon mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadasvlisa? gTxovT waikiTxoT.
daviT oniaSvili. exla me Seudgebi pirdapir xarjT aRricxvis
kiTxvas. pirveli muxli... damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa gasamrjelo (yo­
fil parlamentis 147 wevris ori Tvisa da 11 dRisa Tviurad 900 m.
angariSiT 313110 m. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs cxra Tvisa da 19 dRisa
Tviurad 1500 m. angariSiT 1878500 m.) – 2. 191. 610 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? pirveli
muxli miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs) damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris an
mis moadgiles sawarmomadgenlo xarjisaTvis 15000 maneTi.

soc.-dem. fraqciis Sesworeba.

Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Ciqavas.


aleqsandre Ciqava (s.-d.) social-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT
Semogvaqs Semdegi Sesworeba. Sesworeba Semdegi gaxlavT (kiTxu­
lobs). „damfuZnebel krebas Tavjdomaris moadgiles sawarmomadgen­
lo xarjebisTvis mieces 15000 man.“
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas social-demokratiul fraq­
ciisas meore muxlis Sesaxeb. es Sesworeba aris miRebuli.
kenWs uyri meore muxls im redaqciiT, rogoric aris Semotanili
social-demokratiis fraqciis mier. miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. mesame muxli (kiTxulobs) damfuZnebel krebis pre­
zidiumis gankargulebaSi sxva da sxva moulodnel xarjebisaTvis 25000
maneTi (es muxli safinanso sabiujeto komisiis mier gauqmebulia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris momxre rom es mux­
li gauqmebuli iyos? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. amrigad es muxli
gauqmebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs) Semdeg aris muxli, romelic Seexeba
damfuZnebel krebas kancelariis mosamsaxureTa jamagirisTvis saW­

148
iro Tanxas. amitom me wavikiTxav jer damfuZnebeli krebis kancelari­
is Stats.

damfuZnebel krebis kancelariis Stati

Tanamd. ricxvi Tviuri jamagiri wliuri jamagiri


TviTeuls
kancelariis 1 1500 18000
gamge
sabiujeto safi­ 1 1400 16800
nanso gany. saqme
mmarT.
saqmis mwarmoe­ 8 1000 96000
beli
eqspeditori 1 850 10200
eqspeditoris 1 750 9000
TanaSemwe
manqaniT gadamw. 7 800 67200
ufrosi kateg.
manqaniT gadamw 3 750 27000
umcrosi kateg.
stenografiuli 1 1100 13200
oqmebis red.
ufr.
„ „ umcrosi 1 950 11400
stenografiuli 8 1100 105600
oqmebis Semdgen.
ekzekutori 1 800 9600

d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia?
d. oniaSvili. Semdeg aq gaxlavT egzekutoris TanaSemwis jamagi­
ri, magram, rogorc mogaxseneT es Tanamdeboba safinanso sabiujeto
komisiam gaauqma.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb?
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. (s. d.) saWiro aris darCes ekzekutoris Ta­
naSemwis Tanamdeboba, imitom rom saqmeebi Zalian bevri aqvs. social
demokratiul fraqcias azrad aqvs gauqmdes xazinadaris Tanamdebo­
ba. radganac xazinadaris Tanamdeboba iqneba gauqmebuli, rasakvirve­
lia xazinadaris Tanamdeboba unda daekisros romelime mosamsaxures.
amisTvis SeuZlebelia ekzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanamdebobis ga­
uqmeba. amis da mixedviT, social-demokratul fraqcias Semoaqvs ase­
Ti winadadeba (kiTxulobs). „darCes egzekutoris TanaSemwis Tanam­
deboba“.

149
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, winadadeba aris social-demokratiul­
fraqciisa: aRdgenili iqmnes, prezidiumis mier navaraudevi, ekzeku­
toris TanaSemwis gauqmebuli Tanamdeboba. vin aris winaaRmdeg? wina­
dadeba social-demokratiul fraqciisa miRebulia. social-demokra­
tiul fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba gauqmdes xazinadaris Tanamdeboba.
sityva ekuTvnis naTaZes.
leo naTaZe. (s. d.) xazinadars, Cemis azriT, iseTi cota movaleo­
ba awevs damfuZnebel krebis kancelariaSi, rom sruliad zedmetia,
misTvis calke Tanamdeboba iyos dawesebuli. Semosaval gasavali
sruliad ar aris, martivia, arc rTulia movaleoba. ise rom special­
ur Tanamdebobis daweseba sruliad zedmetia. es miT ufro saWiro ar
aris imitom, rom iq sadac ufro didi movaleoba awevs, sadac ufro
meti Semosaval-gasavalia, _ am dawesebulebebSi ukve gauqmebulia
es Tanamdeboba, magaliTad saministroebSi. saministros xazinadars
bevrad ufro didi movaleoba awevs, gacilebiT meti, vidre awevs
Cvens xazinadars. es movaleoba SeiZleba daekisros kancelariis ro­
melime wevrs.
amitom Cven Semogvaqs winadadeba rom gauqmebuli iyos xazina­
daris Tanamdeboba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva. msurveli aravin aris. kenWs uyri am
winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi. (baraTaSvili winaaRmdegia) wina­
dadeba social-demokratiis fraqciisa miRebulia.

d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs).

Tanam. ricxvi Tviuri jamagiri wliuri jamagiri

ekzekutoris 1 650 7.800


TanaSemwe
qvestori 1 1.100 13.200
qvestoris Ta­ 1 900 10.800
naSemwe: ufrosi
„ „ umcrosi 1 800 9.600
buxhalteri 1 950 11.400
kancelariis mo­ 1 650 7.800
xele morigeob.
biblioTekis 1 950 12.000
gamge

Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis dam. kr. wevrs Ciqavas.


aleqsandre Ciqava. biblioTekis gamgisTvis 950 maneTi Zalian cota
aris. dRevandel pirobebSi aseTi TanxiT cxovreba yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia. miT umetes, rom biblioTekis gamges eqneba Zalian didi Sroma.

150
katalogebi unda Seadginos, wignebi unda daalagos sxva da sxva naw­
ilebis mixedviT.
amisTvis winadadeba Semomaqvs, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces
1000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, kenWs uyri Sesworebas social-demokra­
tiul fraqciisas, rom biblioTekis gamges mieces 1000 man. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
oniaSvili kiTxulobs: biblioTekis gamgis TanaSemwe 1 – 750 _ Tvi­
urad.
jami Seicvleba aq miRebul cvlilebebis mixedviT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlad Statisa? aravin. miRe­
bulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sakancelario, safosto-satelegrafo
da sxva sameurneo xarjebisTvis 100 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): kancelariis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT
miwveul momuSaveTa sasyidlisaTvis 10 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sxva da sxva moulodnel SemTxvevis
gamo mosamsaxureTa daxmarebisTvis 15 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): biblioTekis Sevsebisa da sxva xarji­
saTvis 200 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): sastambo xarjisTvis 60 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Ciqavas.
aleqsandre Ciqava. sastambo xarjebis dasafaravad 60 aTasi Zalian
cota aris. ai ratom.
yvela kanon-proeqti, romelic unda warmosdges damfuZnebel
krebis gansaxilvelad, upirveles yovlisa, unda iyos dabeWdili da
daurigdes damfuZnebel krebis yovel wevrs. es aris saWiro, rom
yvela damfuZnebel krebis wevrebma Segnebuli monawileoba miiRos
kanon-mdeblobaSi, da amisTvis ki saWiroa didi sastambo xarjebi. dRe­
vandel siZvireSi 60 aTasi maneTi sastambo xarjebisaTvis _ es Zalian
cota aris, da amitom Semomaqvs Semdegi winadadeba (kiTxulobs) _ sas­
tambo xarjebi gadiddes ase: 60.000 man. magier Setanil iqnes xarcTaR­
ricxvaSi asi aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba gax­
lavT. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa sagzao da
dRiur xarjisaTvis 100 aTasi maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): komisiebSi mowveul mcodne pirTa
gasamrjelosaTvis 20 aTasi maneTi.

151
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): gauqmebul Tanamdebobis pirTa dakmay­
ofilebisaTvis 1919 w. ianvris, Tebervlis da martis jamagiriT 6300
maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs): saerTo jami Secvlili iqneba miRebul
cvlilebebis mixedviT.
exla gaxlavT TviT kanonproeqti (kiTxulobs): kanonproeqti saqar­
Tvelos damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxvis damtkicebisa.
muxli 1. damtkicebul iqnes am kanonTan darTuli saqarTvelos
damfuZnebel krebis 1919 w. xarjTaRricxva.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili (kiTxulobs) 2 muxli, damtkicebul iqnes am kanon­
Tanve darTuli saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis kancelariis Stati
da 1919 xarjTa aRricxva.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs) pirvelsa da meore muxlSi aRniSnuli
xarjT-aRricxvis sisruleSi mosayvanad miRebul iqmnes saxelmwifos
xazinidan ama 1919 w. ianvris 1-dan wlis damlevamde 3 milioni 179 aTa­
si 10 maneTi (rasakvirvelia es saerTo jami Seicvleba im cvlilebebis
mixedviT, romelTa miReba ineba damfuZnebelma krebam).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
exla saerTod uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts vin aris winaaRmdegi!
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi sakiTxi, sxva da
sxva komisiebis arCeva, sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs urataZes.

sxva dasxva komisiebis arCeva.

gr. urataZe. social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba


rom dRevandel sxdomaze arCeuli iqneba Semdegi komisiebi: (kiTxu­
lobs).
1. Sromis komisia 15 wevrisagan.
2. TviTmarTvelobisa 11 „
3. agraruli 15 „
4. saxalxo ganaTlebis 12 „
5. saxalxo janmrTelobis 9 „
6. samxedro 17 „
7. iuridiuli 9 „
8. xelovnebisa 10 „
9. sagzao 9 „
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gva­
zavas.

152
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) es komisiebi, rasakvirvelia, saWiro
aris, amis winaaRmdeg ara varT. magram gamotovebulia erTi komisia,
romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs. es aris komisia Sesaxeb gareo saq­
meebisa.
swored Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba iseTia, rom im sagnebs,
im sakiTxebs, romlebic Cveni qveynis irgvliv trialeben _ metad didi
mniSvneloba aqvT.
saerTaSoriso xasiaTis yovel sakiTxis Tvalyuris devna metad
Znelia da metad mZime. amisTanave mogaxsenebT, rom es metad saWiroa.
Cven ki TiTqmis rom mowyvetili varT am sakiTxebs. Cven Zalian gvian
vigebT bevr movlenebs, da parlaments ki, gansakuTrebiT damfuZnebel
krebas ar SeuZlian didi yuradReba ar miaqcion am sakiTxs.
amitom me gTxovT, dResve, rac gind iyos, siaSi mainc SeitaneT,
rom es komisia arCeuli iyos.
es aucilebeli saWiroeba, vinaidgan es sakiTxi _ are movlenebisa
aris udidesi sakiTxi, sadac swydeba Cveni bedi da ubedoba. amisTana
garemoebas ar SeiZleba ar mivaqcioT yuradReba, ar SeiZleba ar gvya­
vdes aseTi komisia, romelsac daevaleba Tvalyuris devna am aresi.
me winadadebas viZlevi, rom es komisia amorCeuli iyos.
adre, rodesac Jordania laparakobda, gatarebuli iyo is azri,
rom komisiebi arCeul iqneboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ra saministro
iqneboda. principialurad amis winaaRmdegi araferi unda gqondeT
unda aRiaroT aseTi movlena, _ rom are saerTaSoriso ganwyobilebi­
sa aris mniSvnelovani. Tu ki amaze ver ityviT uars, Tu es mniSvnelo­
vania, _ damfuZnebel krebas sWiria gasakuTrebuli komisia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs eqvTime TayaiSvils.
eqvTime TayaiSvili. (er. dem.) me unda mogaxsenoT batonebo, rom
Tu Tqven irCevT komisiebs, ufro saSuri aris sabiblioTeko komisia,
vinaidan biblioTekisTvis Tqven exla miiReT biujeti 200 aTasi im mo­
sazrebiT, rom azrad gvaqvs am dReebSi SeviZinoT erTi karga mowyo­
bili biblioTeka.
amisTvis gTxovT rom sabiblioTeko komisia airCioT dResve,
vinaidan komisiam unda Seamowmos da daadasturos es.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis cincaZes.
noe cincaZe. (s. d.) sabiblioTeko komisiis arCevis winaaRmdegni
Cven ara varT. marTalia, rom es sakiTxi saSuroa, unda avirCioT. dRes
SeiZleba ver movaswroT, magram Semdeg sxdomaze mainc avirCevT.
rac Seexeba sagareo saqmeTa komisias, aseTi komisia parlamen­
tSi marTlac arsebobda, magram faqtiurad is arafers ar akeTebda.
imas exlandel pirobebSi SeiZleba sainformacioT xasiaTi mieces. Tu
SemdegSi raime xelSekruleba daideba Tavis Tavad cxadia, Tu aseTi
SemTxveva iqneba, Tu rodesme dadgeba aseTi mdgomareoba, maSin Cven
amis da mixedviT aseT komisias avirCevT. yovel SemTxvevaSi am sakiTxs

153
merme ganvixilavT. rac Seexeba meore winadadebas Sesaxeb sabiblioTe­
ko komisiis arCevisa, sakiTxi maSin daismeva roca saWiro iqneba. (gva-
zava: exla ar aris saWiro?) exla ar aris saWiro.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? Semotanilia sami winadadeba so­
cial-demokratebisa, rom arCeuli iqmnes Semdegi komisiebi (kiTxu­
lobs): Sromis, TviTmarTvelobis, agraruli, saxalxo ganaTlebis, sax­
alxo janmrTelobis, samxedro, iuridiuli, xelovnebisa da sagzao.
meore winadadeba krebis wevris gvazavasi.
mesame winadadeba eqvTime TayaiSvilisa sabiblioTeko komisiis
Sesaxeb.
kenWs uyri pirvel winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia.
meore winadadeba: sagareo komisiis Sesaxeb. vin aris momxre?
uaryofilia.
mesame winadadeba. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT daas­
axeloT wevrebi. konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs)
Sromis komisiaSi soc. dem. fraqcia. asaxelebs: 1. gerasime maxaraZ­
es, 2. ioseb eligulaSvils, 3. ilia badriZes. 4. eleonora-ter-farsego­
va-maxvilaZes. 5. minadora toroSeliZes. 6. andria loskutovs. 7.
elisabed bolqvaZes. 8 gerasime SevCuks. 9. vasil nodias. 10. filipe
lorias.
soc. fed. fraqcia. 1. iese baraTaSvils.

TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilobriv
mmarTvelobis komisiaSi.

soc.-dem. fraqcia. asaxelebs: 1. daviT oniaSvils, 2. meliton ru­


sias, 3. ivane WavWaniZes, 4. ilia kopaleiSvils, 5. gabriel ciskaraS­
vils, 6. nikoloz eliavas, 7. ioseb salayaias, 8. aleqsandre Ciqavas.

agrarul komisiaSi.

soc.-dem. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. lavrenti kiRuraZes, 2. kirile


niniZes, 3. rafael CixlaZes, 4. ilia kopaleiSvils, 5. sardion TevzaZ­
es, 6. pavle biuls, 7. barnab Zvelaias, 8. dimitri goniaSvils, 9. ioseb
maWavarians, 10. ivane tatiSvils.

saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiaSi.

soc.-dem. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. levan naTaZes, 2. haidarbeg abaSiZ­


es, 3. mose davaraSvils, 4. noe cincaZes, 5. qristine SaraSiZes, 6. Te­
dore kikvaZes, 7. nikifore imnaiSvils, 8. pavle biuls.

154
janmrTelobis komisiaSi.

soc.-dem. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. ivane gomarTels, 2. eleonora


ter-fersegova-maxvilaZes, 3. siko axmetelaSvils, 4. varlame Serva­
SiZes, 5. minadora toroSeliZes da 6. vasil nodias.

samxedro komisiaSi.

soc-demokratebi asaxeleben: 1. silibistro jiblaZes, 2. grigol


giorgaZes, 3. ruben auStrovs, 4. konstantine andronikaSvils, 5. var­
lam juRels, 6. aleqsandre dgebuaZes, 7. anania saluqvaZes, 8. zaqaria
guruls, 9. andro WiaberaSvils, 10. muxran xoWolavas, 11. vladimer
jiblaZes. 12. leonti JRents.

iuridiul komisiaSi.

soc.-demokr. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. raJden arseniZes, 2. daviT oni­


aSvils, 3. kirile niniZes, 4. meliton rusias, 5. ilia fircxalaiSvils
da 6. vasil nodias.

gzaTa komisiaSi.

soc. demok. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. mixeil kovalevs, 2. mose davar­


aSvils, 3. pavle wulaias, 4. filipe lorias, 5. ermoloz kalaZes, 6.
muxran xoWolavas.

xelovnebis komisiaSi.

social demokratebi asaxeleben: 1. ivane gomarTels, 2. grigol


urataZes, 3. daviT CxeiZes, 4. noe cincaZes, 5. pavle sayvareliZes,
6. raJden arseniZes 7. levan naTaZes.

krebis Sewyveta.

giorgi gvazava. TqvenTvis advilia, komisiis wevrebis dasaxele­


ba CvenTvis ki metad Zneli. Tqven ganawileba momzadebuli mogaqvT,
CvenTvis ki Znelia laparaki kandidatebze. amitom me gTxovT, Sewyvi­
toT kreba cotaxniT. an da Cveni kandidatebi Semdeg daumatoT. (arse­
niZe: Tqven rom SegatyobineT!) ar migviRia!
raJden arseniZe (s. d.) Cven SevecadeT, rom yvela fraqciebisTvis
dagvegzavna ricxvis Sesaxeb. me mgoni maT miRebuli unda hqondeT xme­
bi: (Cven ar migviRia!) Tu ar miiReT momxre var, rom Sewyvetili iqnes
kreba, Tundac aTi wuTiT mosalaparakeblad.
Tavmjdomare. krebas vwyvet.

155
krebis ganaxleba.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT. kreba gaxsnilia.


konstantine jafariZe (kiTxulobs) Sromis komisiaSi:
soc.-revol. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. leo Sengelias.
erov.-demok. fraqcia. aleqsandre asaTians.
TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilobriv mmarTvelobis komisiaSi:
soc.-fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. samson fircxalavas.
soc.-rev. fraqcia 1. ioseb gobeCias.
erov.dem. fraqcia: spiridon kedias.

agrarul komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia 1. grigol rcxilaZes.


soc. rev. fraqcia: 1. leo Sengelias.
erov.-dem. fraqcia: 1. aleqsandre asaTians.

saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia: 1. Salva nucubiZes.


soc.-rev. fraqcia: 1. grigol naTaZes.
er.-dem. fraqcia: 1. eqvTime TayaiSvils.

saxalxo janmrTelobis komisiaSi:

er.-dem. fraqcia: ioseb maWavarians.

samxedro komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: simon mdivans.


soc.-rev. fraqcia: ioseb gobeCias.
er.-dem. fraqcia: petre surgulaZes.

iuridiul komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: 1. Salva mesxiSvils.


soc.-rev. fraqcia: 1. ivane gobeCias.
erov.-dem. fraqcia; 1. ioseb maWavarians.

gzaTa komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: simon mdivans.


er.-dem. fraqcia: niko nikolaZes.

156
xelovnebis komisiaSi:

soc.-fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: samson fircxalavas.


soc.-rev. fraqcia: ivane gobeCias.
er.-dem. fraqcia: geronti qiqoZes.
aqve gaxlavT (kiTxulobs):

soc. demok. fraqciis gancxadeba.

soc. demokratiuli fraqcia sakonstitucio komisiaSi asaxelebs


sergi jafariZis magier, muxran xoWolavas.
sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaSi ki: me15-e wevrad: lavrenti kiRu­
raZes.
am rigad sxva da sxva komisiebSi arCeulad unda CaiTvalos Semde­
gi pirni (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebulia.
exla gTxovT daniSnoT dRe Semdeg sxdomisTvis.
arseniZe. vinaidgan muSaoba komisiebSi axlad aris dawyobili,
ami­tom Semdegi sxdomis daniSvna mivandoT prezidiums.
Tavmjdomare. kreba Sewyvetilia.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTsa da 35 wuTze.

157
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meSvide sxdoma

1919 weli. aprilis 4. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis pirvelis naxevarze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT.
gTxovT dabrZandeT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.
mdivani. sanam dRiur wesrigze gadavidodeT, unda mogaxsenoT
Semdegi: erevnidan mosulia osmaleTis somexTa mosaloci depeSa.
(kiTxulobs)

Господину предсѣдателю Учредительнаго Собранiя Грузiи.

Исполнительный Комитет Турецкихъ армянъ шлетъ горячiя привѣтствiя


Учредительному Собранiю Грузiи.
Комитетъ вѣритъ, что Учредительное Собранiе, внеся въ страну (народахъ)
спокойствiе должно способствовать укрѣпленiю завоеванiй революцiй и тѣмъ
болѣе должно закрѣпить возможности неизменнаго и свободнаго существованiя
мелкихъ народостей.
Вѣковые сосѣды, два народа, судьба коихъ такъ тесно связана; изъ нихъ Грузiя
была болѣе счастлива в дѣлѣ осуществленiя своихъ нацiональныхъ идеаловъ.
Учредительное Собранiе должно быть концомъ вѣковыхъ мученiй и началомъ
вѣчнаго счастья.
Президiумъ исполнительнаго комитета турецкихъ армянъ.

159
Tavmjdomare. neba momeciT sapasuxo depeSa gaugzavnoT.
(xmebi: gTxovT, inebeT!).

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanonproeqtebis sia.

mdivani. damuSavebulia Semdegi kanon-proeqtebi, romelTac pre­


zi­diumi saWirod scnobs, gadasces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias:
(kiTxulobs)
1. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti _
sabaJo dawesebul mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris gadidebis Sesaxeb.
2. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti
_ sabaJo mosamsaxureTaTvis zedmeti muSaobisaTvis gasamrjelos
normebis dawesebisa.
3. gzaTa ministris kanonproeqti _ saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis
gzaze tarifis gadidebisa.
4. gzaTa ministris kanonproeqti _ rkinis gzis kategoriis ga­
reSe myof agentebisTvis jamagiris momatebisa.
5. miwadmoqmedebis ministris moxseneba _ miwebis mimReb komis­
iebis wevrT da mosamsaxureTaTvis sagzao da dRiuri sargos ga­
didebisa. gadaeces agrarul da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiebs.
6. finansTa ministris kanonproeqti _ xazinis Semosavlis gasa­
Zliereblad zogierT zomebis Sesaxeb.
dRiuri wes-rigi gaxlavT Semdegi:
1. saboloo teqsti _ damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis da moxeleo­
bis SeuTavseblobisa da wevrT gasamrjelos kanonisa.
2. kanonproeqti _ damfuZnebel krebis reglamentisa.
3. soc.-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba mcire komisiebis
dawesebisa, centralur dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis.
4. axalcixis ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnili komisiis moxseneba.

soc. dem. fraqciis winadadeba.

Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb? sityva


ekuTvnis krebis wevrs cincaZes.
noe cincaZe. (s.d.) Cven Semogvaqvs winadadeba: axalcixeSi momx­
dar ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis moxseneba iyos meore
sakiTxad.
rac Seexeba danarCen kiTxvebs, mesamed _ darCeba reglamenti dam­
fuZnebel krebisa, da meoTxed _ mcire komisiis arCevnebi.
ai aseTi winadadeba Semogvaqvs Cven.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT, _ axalcixeSi momxdar ambebis
gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis moxseneba iyos meore sakiTxad das­
muli, damfuZnebel krebis reglamenti _ mesamed.

160
maSasadame, Tanaxmad winadadebisa, Tu kreba gaiziarebs, maSin
dRiuri wesrigi iqneba amisTana:
saboloo teqsti,
axalcixis momxdar ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis mox­
seneba.
damfuZnebel krebis reglamenti.
am mcire komisiis arCevnebi.
vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis wevrobisa da moxeleobis
SeuTavseblobis kanonisa. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobisa da


moxeleobis SeuTavseblobis kanonisa.

q-ni soloRaSvilisa. saboloo teqsti kanonisa damfuZnebeli kre­


bis wevrobis da moxeleobisa da wevrTa gasamrjelosi.
me minda mogaxsenoT is Sesworebani, romelic Seitana saredaqcio
komisiam.
saredaqcio komisiam Seitana mcireodeni Sesworeba TviT saTaur­
Si: damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebul teqstSi iyo: (kiTxulobs)
kanonproeqti damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis da moxeleobis
SeuTavseblobisa da wevrTa dietisa (gasamrjelosi) komisiam miiRo:
kanoni damfuZnebeli krebis da moxeleobis SeuTavseblobisa da wevr­
Ta gasamrjelosi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. pirveli muxli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi:
(kiTxulobs).
1. damfuZnebel krebis wevroba da saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi
samsaxuri erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
komisiam miiRo: (kiTxulobs).
1. damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba da sxva saxelmwifo dawesebule­
baSi samsaxuri erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva vis nebavs? msurveli aravin aris. winaaRmde­
gi vin aris? aravin. miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. pirveli muxlis meore naxevari, komisiam
SeniSvnis saxiT Seitana. aq CamoTvlilia yvela is Tanamdeboba, rome­
lic SeiZleba SeuTavsdes saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis wevrobas.
ai amitom komisiam ufro swored miiCnia, rom es iyo SeniSvnis saxiT.
Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
es debuleba ar vrceldeba, ministrebsa, maTs amxanagebsa, saxel­
mwifo kontroliorisa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa, umaRles skolis pro­
fesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da maswavleblebzed. ar vrceldeba

161
agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar Stabis wevrebzed. aq CamoTvlil
TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia.
komisiam miiRo. (kiTxulobs).
SeniSvna: es debuleba ar vrceldeba: ministrebsa, maTs amxana­
gebsa, saxelmwifo kontroliorsa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa da umaR­
les skolis profesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da leqtorebzed. ar
vrceldeba agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar Stabis wevrebzed. aq Ca­
moTvlil TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobasTan
SesaZlebelia.
maSasadame pirveli muxli aseTi aris (kiTxulobs).
1. damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba da sxva saxelmwifo dawesebule­
baSi samsaxuri erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia.
SeniSvna: es debuleba ar vrceldeba: ministrebsa, maTs amxanagebsa,
saxelmwifo kontroliorsa, mis amxanagsa, elCebsa da umaRles skolis
profesorebsa, privatdocentebsa da leqtorebzed. ar vrceldeba
agreTve saxalxo gvardiis mTavar-Stabis wevrebzed. aq CamoTvlil
TanamdebobaTa SeTavseba SesaZlebelia.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame es meore naxevari am muxlisa SeniSvnis
saxiT midis. surs vismes amis Sesaxeb sityva Tu ara? aravis. maSasadame
miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. meore muxli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiT­
xulobs).
adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevrebs ar aekrZale­
baT iyvnen imave dros damfuZnebel krebis wevrad.
axali redaqcia aseTia: (kiTxulobs).
2. adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wevrs ar aekrZale­
ba iyos imave dros damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad.
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. mesame muxli ucvlelad aris miRebuli.
me-4 muxli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
4. is Tanamdebobis pirni, romlebic pirvel da meore muxlSi arian
moxsenebulni, gasamrjelos iReben romelime erTi adgilidan Tavisi
arCeviT.
axali redaqcia aris aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. Tanamdebobis pirni, pirvelsa da meore muxlSi moxsenebulni,
gasamrjelos miiReben erT-erT adgilidan, romelsac amoirCeven.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. 5 muxli. aq marto stilistiuri Sesworebebi
aris. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebels Tanamdebobas asrule­
ben, movalea dRidan am kanonis miRebisa erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi
Semoitanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dastova.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebel krebis wevris ufle­
bas da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.

162
axali aris aseTi: (kiTxulobs).
1. yoveli wevri, romelic SeuTavsebel Tanamdebobas asrulebs,
valdebulia erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis miRebisa
Semoitanos gancxadeba, rom man SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba dasto­
va. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dahkargavs damfuZnebeli krebis wevris
uflebas da mis adgils daiWers morigi kandidati saTanado siidan.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebulia.
q-ni soloRaSvilisa. 6 muxli ucvlelad aris miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? maSasadame mTeli kanon-proekti
miRebulia.
axalcixeSi momxdar ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil komisiis
moxseneba. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs anjafariZes.

axalcixis sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomaris moxseneba

g. anjafariZe (s. d.) moqalaqeno, axalcxis mazraSi momxdar am­


bebma didi miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sxva
saxelmwifoebSic, gansakuTrebiT erT Cvens mezoblad mdebare res­
publikaSi.
saubedurod am saqmis garSemo, provokaciam iCina Tavi, romelsac
sarCulad gansazRruli politikuri mizani aqvs. Tqven gexsomebaT
saqarTvelos parlamentis ukanaskneli araCveulebrivi sxdomebi da
iq momxdari kamaTi.
ori mTavari debuleba iyo iq wamoyenebuli.
pirveli _ axalcixeSi moxda xalxis ajanyeba saqarTvelos winaaRm­
deg; meore _ am ajanyebaSi monawileoba miiRo mTel muslimanobam,
mTel xalxma da es ajanyeba iyo gamowveuli Cveni jaris da adminis­
traciis uwesobiT.
Cveni mezoblebi dRes gaiZaxian: „axalcixis mazris muslimanebs ar
surT saqarTvelo. ruseTis revoliuciis monapovris xalxis TviT-ga­
morkvevis uflebis Tanaxmad, mas surs Seadginos sakuTari saxelmwi­
foebrivi sxeuli, da saqarTvelo ki, romelsac Tavi demokratiul re­
spublikad moaqvs, cecxliT da maxviliT anadgurebs am Tavisuflobis
moyvare xalxs“-o.
ramdenad marTalia es? _ ai is mizani, romelic daisaxa im komis­
iam, romelic iyo axalcixis mazraSi gagzavnili da romlis saxeliT
maqvs pativi mogaxsenoT namdvili suraTi momxdar ambebisa, mTel sa­
mahmadiano saqarTveloSi.
jer kidev ruseTis batonobis droidan, osmalebi farTod awar­
moebdnen panislamistur, an ukeT rom vsTqvaT, panTurqistul ag­
itacias. yvela im adgilebSi, romelsac samahmadiano saqarTvelo
hqvian, mravlad dainaxavdiT osmaleTis emisrebs. mravali fuli
ixar­jeboda imisTvis, rom aq osmaleTis sasargeblod niadagi momza­

163
debuliyo. cnobilia, rom osmaleTi Cinebuli politikosia, da mas
kargad esmoda, rom saqarTvelos maSin ar surda gareSe ruseTisa
yofna, da amitom is darwmunebuli iyo, rom Tu ki qristiani qarT­
velebi dauaxlovdebodnen Tavis RviZl Zmebs musliman-qarTvelebs
da kulturulad SemoierTebdnen maT, rasakvirvelia am ukanask­
nelSi osmalebs sruli niadagi daekargebodaT, amitom panTurqis­
tul agitacias samahmadiano saqarTveloSi konkretulad saqarT­
velos sawinaaRmdego xasiaTi hqonda. osmalebma, kavkasiaSi Zalian
gulwrfeli TanamSromeli hpoves aderbeijanelebSi. msoflio omis
dasawyisSi, rodesac panislamizmis agitacias gansakuTrebuli gamo­
cocxleba daetyo, baqos musulmanTa saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebis
warmomadgenelni muSaobdnen baTomis da yarsis olqSi, agreTve ax­
alcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebSi. es moRvaweebi viTomc da saqvel­
moqmedo miznebs isaxavdnen, magram sinamdvileSi ki ganaviTarebd­
nen sastik panTurqistul agitacias, da gansakuTrebiT es agitacia
iyo qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli. meTaurobda am agitacias,
am moRvaweobas kargad cnobili eqimi sulTanovi. axirebulia is
garemoeba, rom ruseTis mTavroba Zalian gul-grilad uyurebda
aseT muSaobas, piriqiT zogjer mxarsac uWerda. axalcixis mazraSi
ori mazris umfrosi iyo, orive tomiT inguSi. isini aSkarad dadi­
odnen xalxSi da ara Tu agitacias eweodnen, pirdapir SearaRebul
ajanyebisTvisac mouwodebdnen xalxs.
erTi maTgani aSkarad laparakobda: „saqarTvelo, rom aq Camov­
ides, dauaxlovdes adgilobriv mkvidrT sakmarisia 10-15 weliwadi,
rom mTeli aqauri mahmadianoba gaqarTveldes, amitom Cven movaleo­
bas Seadgens, yovelive kavSiri SevwyvitoT saqarTvelosTan“. an meore
ufro praqtikosi gamodga. es rasakvirvelia agitacias eweoda, magram
meores mxriv, miuTiTebda xalxs im garemoebaze, rom aucilebelia
SeiaraReba. yovel musulmans is elaparakeboda: _ „saWiroa TqvenTvis
erTi qaTami da 100 kvercxio, ese igi 1 Tofi da 100 patrona“-o.
adgilobrivi qarTveli musulmanoba gulgrilad uyurebda
aseT agitacias. yovel SemTxvevaSi ar aris magaliTi imisi, rom igi
aSkarad mimxroboda am moZraobas, magram zogierT gadagvarebuli
elementi aqac moiZebneba. 1905 wels iq dabinavda Tqvengan kargad
cnobili omar faiyi musulmanur-Turqul literaturaSi cnobili
mwerali. is, rogorc ki dabrunda osmaleTidan maSinaTve Seudga pa­
nislamistur agitacias da osmaleTis sasargeblo niadagis momzade­
bas. am niadagze muSaobdnen agreTve seimis yofili wevri pepinovi,
servedbeg-aTabegovi,
adgilobrivi msxvili memamuleebi da sxvebi. revoliuciis pirvel
xanebSi es moZraoba cota ar iyos Sedunda, radganac xalxma dainaxa
farToT perspeqtivebi Tavisuflebis mopovebisa.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom axalcixis mazraSi miwis sakiTxi Zalian
mwvaved sdgas da rodesac xalxma marTla dainaxa, rom SeuZlian bo­

164
los da bolos miwa miiRos da erTxel da samudamod ganTavisufldes
begebisagan, rasakvirvelia is momxre gaxda revoliuciisa da zurgi
Seaqcia imaT, vinc mas osmaleTisaken mouwodebda.
magram saubedurod, revoliuciis pirvel talRebs mohyva anarqia,
romelic gabatonda samwuxarod im adgilebSi, sadac musulmanebi mo­
saxleobdnen. da rodesac dadga safrTxe bolSevizmisa, rusis jaris
kacebis carcva glejisa da sxva garemoebiT farTod isargebles pan­
Turqistebma.
1917-wels 17-noemberSi axalcixes mazraSi moxda yriloba kavkasi­
aSi mosaxle yvela musulmanebisa. iq sxvaTaSoris unda gadaewyvitaT
sabolood bedi musulmanebisa. pirvel sxdomis Semdegi sxdomebi dax­
urul karebSi swarmoebda da Cven gvaqvs cnobebi, rom iq upirveles
yovlisa, gadawyvetili iyo yovelgvari kavSiri SeewyvitaT saqarT­
velosTan, radganac revoliucia, konkretiulad saqarTvelos saxiT
warmoadgenda maTTvis safrTxes. aq aseTi gadawyvetilebac ki mieRoT:
„imisTvis, rom mizans mivaxwioT, ese igi, saqarTvelosTan yovelgvari
kavSiri SevwyvitoT, saWiroa mTeli borjomis gza gavanadguroT,
xidebi avafeTqoT, da yovelive msvleloba SevwyvitoT am gzaze, rom
saqarTvelo borjomis aqeT ar iyoso. SevqmnaT saxelmwifo yarsisa,
ardaganisa da baTumis olqebisagan, romelsac SeiZleba miumatoT ax­
alcixe da axalqalaqi. yarsi Cveni cixe iqnebao, ardagani gamogvkve­
bams puriT da sxva sursaTiT da baTumi ki Tbilisis adgils daiWers,
radganac is dagvakavSirebs dasavleT evropasTan, iyvnen zogierTni,
romelnic lamobdnen, am saxelmwifosaTvis avtonomiis mopoebas os­
maleTis farglebSi, magram mainc da mainc am ukanasknel sakiTxs did
yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen.
Tqven iciT kargad, rom Semdeg, miuxedavad im gmirul brZolisa,
romelsac awarmoebda erTi jgufi mcireodeni jarisa niWier mxedris
Reneral mayaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, ramodenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi
Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, Cagvebarebina axalcixe osmaleTisTvis. am­
rigad osmaleTma sisxlis dauRvrelad Caibara mesxeTi da javaxeTi.
xalxi, vimeoreb, xalxi gans idga, monawileobas ar Rebulobda am moZ­
raobaSi, da rodesac osmaleTi Camovida, yvelasaTvis aSkara gaxda, ra
did ubedurebaSi Caagdo es xalxi zogierTma avantiuristma.
xalxma igema is didi begara, romelic mas daado osmaleTma. rasak­
virvelia Zalian farTo xasiaTi hqonda agreTve pirad Seuracxyofas,
da ambobdnen viTamc omar faiyi ukmayofilo yofiliyo, rom avtono­
mia ar mianiWa osmaleTma axalcixes. magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, osma­
leTis panTurqistebi uyurebdnen rogorc Tavis saxelmwifos da mis
winaaRmdeg ar ibrZodnen.
msoflio omis msvlelobiT Seicvala osmaleTis mdgomareoba da
is iZulebuli Seiqmna daecala axalcixe da axalqalaqis mazrebi, ma­
gram osmaleTi, rasakvirvelia, ar fiqrobda iseTis mSvidobianobiT
daecala es mxare, rogorc Cven davscaleT igi Tavis droze piriqiT

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igi scdilobda rogorme iseTi pirobebi Seeqmna adgilobriv, rom
did gaWirvebaSi Caegdo saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivoba Tu ki
sazogadod moxdeboda am gvaris qarTvelebisagan daWera. aq warmo­
madgeneli osmaleTisa iyo vinme xalil-faSa, man Sehqna mWidro orga­
nizacia adgilobriv elementebisagan, msxvil memamuleebSi, romel­
Tac saqarTvelo imitom ar undodaT, rom saqarTvelos SemosvlasTan
erTad Semovidoda agraruli reforma, maT waerTmeodaT yovelive
batonoba xalxze. es erTi, meores mxriv, saubedurod, axalcixeSi os­
malos xalxis erTi jgufi, tomiT ara qarTveli, dainteresebuli iyo
imaSi, rom qarTvelebi ar Camosuliyvnen axalcixeSi, axalcixis mazra­
Si radganac maT surdaT sul sxva saxelmwifos farglebSi yofna. me
vambob somxebze. warmoidgineT, rom moxda SeTanxmeba Turqofil be­
gebsa erTis mxriv, da meores mxriv somxebisa. rasakvirvelia, mTeli
somxis xalxi ar eria am SeTanxmebaSi, magram maTi meTaurebi ki TiTqmis
yvela! moxda SeTanxmeba im niadagze, rom mesxeTi da javaxeTi unda
daeyoT erTmaneT Soris. javaxeTi unda miscemoda somxebs, da mesxeTi
ki im saxelmwifos, romelsac qmnida served-bei da sxvebi. arCeul iqna
Sereuli delegacia somxebisa da musulmanebisa, romelic gaemgzavra
jer axalqalaqSi da Semdeg erevanSi. me ar vici, ra Sedegebi mohyva am
delegacias, magram aRsaniSnavia es garemoeba, rom somxeTTan omi Cven
mogvivida sworeT am dros da Cven viciT, rom somxebis moTxovnile­
baSi axalqalaqis mazrac iyo dasaxelebuli. delegaciis muslimanTa
nawilma axalqalaqidan gagzavna depeSa konstantinopolSi, mokav­
SireTa misiebis saxelze. am depeSaSi isini protests acxadebdnen imis
Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelo, romelsac hyavs moyvared germania, cdilobs
ZaliT Caigdos xelSi axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebi, sadac musul­
manebi Seadgendnen 100,000 da somexi ki 70,000 met mcxovreblebs, da
rom arc erTs maTgans ar surT saqarTvelo, „romelic TviT curaobs
anarqiisa da carcva glejis morevSi“. amitom isini sTxovden mokav­
Sireebs mieRoT isini Tavis mfarvelobis qveS. da Tu es SesaZlebeli
ar iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, ise moaxerxon saqme, rom es mazrebi darCes
Zveli batonis, ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS ra Sedegebi mohyva am depe­
Sas, Cven ar viciT.
maSasadame adgilobriv, axalcixeSi iyo Seqmnili erTgvari mTav­
roba. xalil-faSam am mTavrobas dautova 200 gadacmuli askeri da
ramdenime osmaluri oficeri. garda amisa, axalcixidan wasvlisas
man erTi provokacia Caidina. man dauriga adgilobriv musulmanebs
uTvalavi iaraRi da tyvia-wamali da masTan arwmunebda: „es Tof
iaraRi saWiro aris saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, romelic ara sgziT ar
unda iyos SemoSvebuli mesxeT-javaxeTSi“-o. magram mainca da mainc
didi winaaRmdegoba Cveni jarebisTvis ar iqna gaweuli. upirveles
yovlisa imitom, rom TviT Cven mowinaaRmdegeebSi uTanxmoeba mox­
da, ramdenime begi gamoeyo servedbeis amxanagebs. maT aSinebdaT Cve­
ni jaris Zlevamosiloba. isini darwmunebuli iyvnen imaSi, rom ver

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gauZlebdnen Cveni jaris ieriSebs. da gadawyvites misi sisxlis dauR­
vrelad SemoSveba. kidevac 4 dekembers, rogorc viciT, Cveni jari Se­
vida axalcixeSi. servedbeim ar isurva aq darCena da xalil-faSasTan
erTad gaixizna da Tan waiyvana Tavisi momxreebi. panTurqistebi adg­
ilobriv mainc darCnen da rasakvirvelia ar iyvnen Cveni momxreni da
arc morCiloba gamoucxadebiaT. magram sxva gamosavali ar hqondaT,
isini miyuCdnen droebiT mxolod imitom, rom Semdeg moxerxebul
dros epovnaT saSualeba da ajanyeba moexdinaT. samwuxarod _ Cvenda,
is jari, romelic axalcixeSi Cavida, ar iyo sakmaod Zlieri ricxviT.
am garemoebam rasakvirvelia didi imedebi Caunerga Cven mowinaaRm­
degeebs. rodesac Cvenma mTavrobam daiwyo aq agrarul reformis ga­
tareba, iman didi aRfrTovaneba gamoiwvia xalxSi, es rasakvirvelia
aSkaraa, amas damtkiceba ar sWiria. aq moxda glexebis yriloba, ro­
gorc Tqven iciT, yrilobas daeswrnen yvela soflis warmomadgen­
lebi, da am yrilobam erT xmad gadaswyvita, rom iyos saqarTvelos
farglebSi. da yvela TiTqmis moiTxovda Cqara agrarul reformis
gatarebas. es sababi iyo, rasakvirvelia, Cven mowinaaRmdegeebisTvis,
rom maT daeCqarebinaT TavianTi moqmedeba. upirvelesyovlisa maT
daiwyes provokacia Cvens winaaRmdeg swored am niadagze. miwebis
darigebis niadagze. isini laparakobdnen: „miwebs Tqven vin mogce­
mT, es Tavis dReSi ar momxdara. da Tu Cven miwebs gvarTmeven es imi­
tom, rom saqarTveloSi miwa Zalian cota aris da xalxi Zalian bevri.
saqarTvelos surs tetiebi raWvelebi gadmoasaxlos aq, Tqven ki yve­
lani amogxocoT“-o. swored am dros aseTi agitaciis da sazogadod
Cven winaaRmdeg muSaobis gamo, daWerili iyo omar-faiyi da sxvebi,
maT icnobdnen rogorc naswavl kacebs da Cvenma mowinaaRmdegeebma
amaze miuTiTes xalxs. ai Tqven xedavT, Tqven meTaurebs iWeren, rom
Tqven ­cxvris farasaviT wagiyvanon, da axalcixis axalqalaqis maz­
ra gaaqarTvelono. xalxs sjeroda es Tu ara, ar vici, magram, yovel
SemTxvevaSi, araviTari aqtivoba Cvens winaaRmdeg ar gamouCenia. es
aSkaraa. Tqven kargad iciT, rom somxeTis omis damTavrebis Semdeg
moxda demobilizacia, romelic Seexo im mcire ricxovan jarsac, ro­
melic idga axalcixeSi. am demobilizaciis Semdeg kidev ufro nak­
lebi Zala darCa aq. maSin iqaurma meamboxeebma, romelnic focxovis
raionSi iyvnen, ieriSi moitanes Cvens winaaRmdeg.
ai aq me unda SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba erT garemoebaze. lapa­
rakobdnen, viTomc, saomari moqmedeba focxovis sazRvrebze iyo ga­
mowveuli Cveni jaris uwesobiT, rasakvirvelia SesaZlebelia, rom
jars uwesoba moexdina. magram, me amas kategoriulad vacxadeb, rom
es ar iyo mizezi ajanyebisa, es ase rom iyos ajanyeba, ueWvelad dai­
wyoboda iq, sadac uwesoba moxda. magram farToT im adgilebs, sadac
sazRvari iyo iqac ki, sadac Cveni jari arc ki mdgara, is ar moedobo­
da arasgziT. magram Cven viciT, rom saomarma moqmedebam pirveladve
farTo xasiaTi miiRo.

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Cveni jari mcire ricxovani iyo da is iZulebuli Seiqna daxeuli­
yo ukan. saomari moqmedeba grZeldeboda. da swored maSin, rodesac
Cveni jari imarjvebda, uceb meamboxeni moeqcnen Cven jars zurgs
ukan, rasakvirvelia Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi Caayena am garemoebam
Cveni jari, psiqologiuri gavlenac iqonia. gaisma: „aq Ralatia“. da
Tqven iciT ra gavlena aqvs aseT xmebs. zurgs ukan meamboxeni moeqcnen
Cven jars swored iq, sadac somxebis soflebi iyo. moxda daxeva Cve­
ni jarisa jer soflidan da mere axalcixidan. saubedurod ise swra­
fi iyo daxeva, rom aravin amas ar moeloda. da qarTveli elementebi.
qristiani qarTvelebi, romelnic Cven jarTan erTad ibZoden, auta­
nel mdgomareobaSi Cavardnen. imaT erTi wuTic ar darCaT imisTvis,
rom evakuacia moexdinaT Tavis qonebisa da gaxiznuliyvnen sadme.
warmoidgineT, rom zogierT saxlebSi anTebuli lamfebi Cauqrobeli
darCaT, ise swrafi Seiqna gamoqceva. rasakvirvelia, mis Semdeg, rac
Cveni jari wamovida, sanam sxva raime Zala daiWerda mis adgils, moxda
saSineli darbeva, carcva-gleja. yvela qarTveli soflebi darbeuli
iqna Zalian bevri, asobiT aris daxocil daWrili, bevri tyved way­
vanili, gansakuTrebiT qalebi.
sazogadod unda mogaxsenoT, rom qarTveli qristianebis mdgo­
mareoba autanelia axalcixis mazraSi. axalcixeSi Tqven dainaxavT
Zalian bevrs daavantyofebul da damSivrebul moxucebul qalebs,
romelic talaxian quCebSi Ronemixdilni yrian.
meore dRes Cveni jaris wamosvlisas Camovida iq razmi, romelsac
serveTbei meTaurobda. is ar iyo brbo, rogorc Cven gvesmis. Cven vic­
iT kargaT, rom erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi iq, sadac, osmaleTi Semovi­
da xalxs swvrTnidnen saomar moqmedebisTvis; amisTvis osmaleTidgan
gamogzavnili iyvnen oficrebi, CauSebi, ese igi unter oficrebi, ro­
melnic aswavliden xalxs, rogorc jaris kacebs; sakmao iaraRic hqon­
daT darigebuli. maT yavdaT oficrebi da sxvaTaSoris gareuli iyo
am xalxSi osmaleTis oficrebi da askerebi. es aSkaraa, amas lapara­
koben TviT mahmadianebi. imaT sTqves: Cven kidevac vicaniT is pirebi,
romelnic ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyvnen axalcixeSi. rodesac
axalcixe daiWires sereveTbeis jarebma, sereveTbei Seecada, rom iq
Seeqmna raime saxelmwifo aparati. is ar gamodioda, rogorc kerZo
pirovneba, is iyo warmodgenili egredwodebul samxreT kavkasiis
teritoriisa. axalcixis, axalqalaqis mazraSi maT Sehqmnes droebi­
Ti komisariati. Tavmjdomare am komisiariatisa iyo TviT serveTbei.
maT surdaT, rogorc etyoba, es komisariati erovnebaTa warmomad­
genlobis niadagze SeeqmnaT. man mimarTa oficialurad yvela erovne­
bebs, warmoidgineT qarTvelebsac ki mimarTa Turme, gaveranebul
gacarcul qarTvelebs, magram, rasakvirvelia, qarTvelebma pasux­
ic ar gasces, mimarTa agreTve somxebs. komisiam ver gamoarkvia, amis
sabuTebi adgilobriv ver naxa, miiRes Tu ara somxebma monawileoba.
amitom Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom ar miuRiaT somxebs oficialu­

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rad monawileoba am komisariatSi. Tumca serveTbeis erTi cnobili
sazogado moRvawe TviT dauniSnavs erT did Tanamdebobaze, finansTa
komisrad, magram mas uari ganucxadebia am Tanamdebobaze da faqti­
urad is ar muSaobda. rusebis warmomadgenlebi ki iyvnen imaT didi
siamovnebiT miiRes maTi Tanamdebobani da kidevac Zalian energiulad
muSaobdnen am niadagze. serveTbeis dauniSnavs agreTve erTi kaci,
romlis deda qarTvelia Turme, dauniSnavs Tavisi nebiT da miundvia
misTvis qarTvelebis warmomadgenloba. rasakvirvelia qarTvelebi
imas Tavis warmomadgenlad ar sTvlidnen, magram, mainc, is iTvleboda
oficialurad qarTvelebis warmomadgenlad. TiTon is rusia tomiT,
deda ki qarTveli hyavs.
es kaci iyo TanaSemwe serveTbeis. maSasadame, am komisiariats hqon­
da saxelmwifos yvela funqciebi. warmoidgineT, rom jaris organi­
zaciasac ki Seudga serveTbei. am mizniT man moiwvia erTi polkovniki,
rusi, albad is baTumidan Camovida. da Cven StabSi vnaxeT dokumente­
bi, saidanac sCans, rom is rusi Seudga marTlac muSaobas. mas war­
moudgenia serverbeis dasamtkiceblad proeqti jaris SesadgenaT. da
am proeqtSi iyo naTqvami, rom jari unda Sesdges ise, rogorc aris
mowyobili moxaliseTa jari. igive Stati, igive jamagiri oficrebi­
sa, igive organizacia jarisa. me ar vici hqonda Tu ara pirdapiri kav­
Siri moxaliseebTan serveTbeis. amisi dasabuTeba ver vipoveT. magram
komisia fiqrobs, rom albad, radganac serveTbei didxans iyo baTomSi,
sanam ajanyeba moxdeboda, man Sehkra kavSiri moxaliseebis zogierT
warmomadgenlebTan da albad moxaliseebma mxari dauWires, rogorc
iseT kacs, romelsac unda moewyo ajanyeba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
amaSi gamoixateba albad maT Soris kavSiri.
26-27 dRe ibatona serverbeim axalcixis mazraSi. xalxma ar dauWi­
ra mxari, es aSkaraa. yvela is moTxovnilebani, romelnic serveTbeis
mTavrobam xalxs warudgina upasuxo darCa verc xarki akrifa xalxis­
agan, verc mobilizacia moaxdina jaris Sesaqmnelad. rodesac Cvenma
jarma ieriSi moitana awyurSi serveTbei Turme tyviis mfrqveveliT
dadioda soflad da erekeboda xalxs, magram mainc xalxi mas ar ga­
hyva. maSasadame umTavresi Zala, romelsac eyrdnoboda serverbei es
iyo focxovi da osmaleTis askerebi. TviT im organizaciaSi, romelic
Sehqmna serveTbeim, moxda erTgvari ganxeTqileba. upirveles yovlisa
begebi yvela ar miemxrnen serveTbeis. da am begebs ki gavlena hqondaT
xalxSi. zogi ar moemxro imitom, rom ver moiTmines aseTi axalgazrda
kacis, rogoric iyo serveTbei, batonoba. „ratom is unda iyos batoni
da ara Cven“-o. _ zogierTi pirad mtrobis niadagze opoziciaSi Caud­
ga da xalxi Tavisken waiyvana. ese igi swored im dros, roca Cveni jari
ieriSze gadavida es organizacia Signidan irRvevoda. Cveni jarebis
ieriSebma, cota ar iyos gaamagra es organizacia da man gadaswyvita
sastiki winaaRmdegobis gaweva da es asec moxda. pirveli winaaRm­
degoba moxda awyurSi. Tqven iciT, rom awyurSi isini sastikad dam­

169
arcxdnen, da SemdegSiac axalcixeSi fexi ver moikides. ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi Cvenma jarma sul erTianad gaswminda axalcixis mazra
da Semdeg focxovic ki aiRes. jaris meTauri aris Renerali kvinitaZe.
ramdenadac SeeZlo komisias gacnobiliyo mis moqmedebas, igi darw­
munda, rom Renerali kvinitaZe aris metad niWieri da Tavis saqmeebis
kargad mcodne Renerali, da man marTlac saucxovod Seasrula is mov­
aleoba, romelic mas daekisra. agreTve iTqmis mis Stabis umfrosze
polkovnik gedevaniSvilze. saubedurod, Tumca xalxs monawileoba
ar miuRia ajanyebaSi, magram zogierT im adgilebSi, sadac saomari mo­
qmedeba moxda, zogierT eqscesebs adgili hqonda, sruliad zedmetia
laparaki imaze, rom sadac jarma gaiara brZoliT Zalian dazaralda
xalxi. yvela soflebidan xalxi gaixizna imitom, rom aTasnair xmebs
avcelebdnen. avrcelebdnen, rom Tu qarTvelebi movlen, isini gagaqa­
rTveleben ZaliT. amogxocaven, saqarTveloSi gadagvasaxleben da
sxva. rasakvirvelia xalxze, glexkacobaze amas hqonda gavlena, da
xalxi gaixizna da es gaxizvna, es evakuacia, ese rom vsTqvaT, ise fic­
xlad moxda, rom xalxma ver moaxerxa Tavisi saqonlis Tan waReba. am
rigad xalxis mTeli avladideba upatronod darCa da gatacebul iqna.
unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom carcva-gleja moxda im adgilebSic,
sadac jari ar yofila. magram rasakvirvelia es Cveni jaris brali ki
ar aris, aramed iq Seqmnil pirobebisa. serveTbeis mTavroba wavida,
wavida masTan erTad misi administraciac. Cven ki uceb administra­
tiul aparatis Seqmnac ver movaswariT. qveyana darCa upatronoT, da
amiT isargebles sxva da sxva bnelma elementebma da rasakvirvelia
gacarcves xalxi. da marTlac, adgilobrivad iq Tqven mravlad dain­
axavT sxva da sxva pirebs jaris kacebis tanisamosSi gadacmulebs (xma:
ratom ar diaWireT?) yvela daWerili ar aris saubedurod, radganac
Zalian bevri iyvnen.
sazogadod sxva da sxva warmomadgenlebma, yvelam sTqva, rom um­
Tavres SemTxvevaSi isini axdendnen aq am uwesoebaso. rodesac Cveni
jari wamovida da serveT-beis jarebi mividnen, maSin isini gadacmul­
ni iyvnen imave tanisamosSi da exla ki isev jariskacebis tanisamosi
da Cveni saxeliT erTnair uwesoebas axdendnen. rasakvirvelia, me ar
uarvyob, rom Cveni jarisaganac iyo zogierTi imisTana elementi, ro­
melic axdenda amisTana uwesobas. da kidevac amis winaaRmdeg komisiis
axalcixeSi yofnis dros iyo miRebuli ficxeliv zomebi, sxva da sxva
adgilebSi dayenebuli iyo piketebi saxalxo gvardielebisa da ufro
saimedo jaris kacebisa da isini gamvlel gamomvlels sinjavdnen da
gacarcul saqonels arTmevdnen. am gvarad mravali xorbleuli da
sxva saqoneli moagroves sxva da sxva adgilebidan da sxvaTa Soris
dacarielebul soflebidan, mogrovili xorbleuli erT centrSi
daawyes. ase, rom ar moqceuliyvnen, upatronod darCenil qonebas gam­
vlel-gamovleli usaTuod gaitacebda. sul xorbleuli dagrovili
iyo awyurSi 2000 fuTamde da varxanis raionSi 800 fuTi.

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dazaralebulTaTvis pirveli daxmarebis misacemad ganaxlebul
iqna ltolvilTa damxmare komiteti, romelsac Reneralma kvinitaZem
Caabara CamorTmeuli xorbleuli, CamorTmeuli nivTebi, es komiteti
arCeulia adgilobriv sazogadoebisagan aq Sedioden, rogorc mus­
limani ise qristiani qarTvelebi. es komiteti anawilebs CamorTmeul
saqonels.
saomari moqmedeba Zalian Znel pirobebSi xdeboda. Tqven kargad
iciT, ra mTiani da Tovliani adgilebia axalcixis midamoebSi. aq
Cveni mowinaaRmdege partizanul oms awarmoebda, amitom Cveni jari
zogjer autanel pirobebSi ibrZoda, da unda ganvacxado, rom Cveni
jaris da gvardiis moqmedeba pirdapir sasaxelo aris. ar yofila mag­
aliTi, rom romelime jaris kaci ukan daxeuliyo an uari ganecxadebi­
na raime dakisrebul movaleobaze, rac unda Zneli ar yofiliyo igi.
meoTxe polkma, romelmac pirvelad daixia, srulad gamoisyida Tav­
isi danaSauloba imiT, rom masve miendo im maRlobis aReba, romelic
man dastova. mas Zalian cxare brZola mouxda da dastova am brZola­
Si mokluli da daWrili 60 kacze meti, rac samxedro avtoritetebis
gancxadebiT Zalian did procents Seadgens.
Cveni iq Casvlis drois bevri respublikis moRalateni da momx­
dar amboxebis meTaurni jer kidev Tavisuflad dadiodnen. samxedro
Stabs bevri sxva saqmeebi hqonda, maSin gaTavsebuli ar iyo da exlac
ar aris saubedurod gaTavebuli saomari moqmedeba da mas ar hqonda
saSualeba imaTTvis mieqcia yuradReba. da isini albaT fiqrobdnen,
rom exlac SeuZliaT Tavisuflad siaruli miuxedavad imisa, rom es
ubedureba moaxdines. magram Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, rom yvela isini
dagvetusaRebina da aq gamogvegzavna; es iyvnen isini, romelTac monaw­
ileoba miiRes serveT-begis komisiariatSi.
sxvaTaSoris erTi piri Cven samsaxurSi iTvleboda maSin, rode­
sac serverbeim is daniSna iusticiis ministrad, is iyo gamwesebeli
gagris momrigebel mosamarTleT. da erTi TviT iyo wamosuli axal­
cixis mazraSi dasasveneblad. da ai swored man miiRo aq aseTi didi
samsaxuri. amnairad, moqalaqeno daskvna: axalcixeSi ajanyeba ar
momxdara. moZraoba daiwyo focxovis raionidan da am moZraobas xe­
lmZRvanelobdnen osmaleTis faSa da zogierTi avanturistebi axal­
cixis mazrisa, romelnic gatacebulni iyvnen Tavisi viwro klasiuri
instiqtebiT da interesebiT. am moZraobaSi gaeba xalxis erTi jgu­
fi tomiT ara qarTveli romelsac surda sul sxva saxelmwifos far­
glebSi yofna. axalcixeSi momxdari ambebi iyo gamoZaxili im istori­
ul brZolisa, romelsac osmaleTi ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi
awarmoebda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg da unda vifiqroT, rom ukanask­
neli gamoZaxilic. msoflio omSi osmaleTi sastikad damarcxda da
masTan erTad mebrZoli panislamizmi samudamod damarxulia, amrigad
saqarTvelo gamarjvebuli gamovida am brZolidan. Cven darwmunebu­
li varT imaSi, rom axalcixeSi momxdar ambebis aseTi Cqari da aseTi

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advili likvidacia momaswavebelia imisi, rom axlo momavalSi mTeli
samahmadiano saqarTvelo SemouerTdeba saqarTvelos respublikas.
Cveni mdgomareoba axalcixis mazraSi, rom samudamod ganvamtkicoT
bevri muSaoba aris saWiro. magram exla aris saWiro komisiis azriT,
rom miRebul iqmnes Semdegi zomebi. nebas mivcem Cem Tavs wavikiTxo:
(kiTxulobs...)
I. Cvenma mTavrobam unda aRmouCinos dauyovnebliv daxmareba adg­
ilovbriv dazaralebul mkvidrT gansakuTrebiT xorbliT, rogorc
gamosakvebad, ise saTesled; Tu exla mindvrebi dauTesavi darCa, didi
simSilobaa mosalodneli momaval weliwadSiac, saWiroa xazinam ufa­
sod misces xe-tye dangreul saxlebis SesakeTeblad da axlebis asaSe­
neblad.
II. axalcixis mazra jer kidev savsebiT damSvidebuli araa. mcx­
ovreblebs ar CaubarebiaT mTeli iaraRi. arataanisa da arTvinis
mxareSi kvlav grovdeba Cveni sawinaaRmdego Zalebi. jer kidev mosa­
lodnelia samxedro moqmedebis ganaxleba. aseT pirobebSi samxedro
wesebis moxsna Secdoma iqneboda. samxedro wesebi unda darCes, magram
administraciis saTanadod mowyobamdis sasurvel wesierebas ver
aRvadgenT, amitom, dauyovnebliv unda moewyos aq administracia, mx­
olod im pirobiT, rom is daeqvemdebaros jarebis sardals. uamisoT
moxdeba Zalauflebis gaoreba. raica axalcixis ukanasknel amboxebis
erT erTi mizezi iyo.
III. wesierebis damyarebasTan paralelurad gatardes agraruli
reforma.
IV. am mxaresTan ganuwyveteli ekonomiuri kulturuli kavSi­
ri unda gvqondes. aseT kavSiris ganmtkicebas metad Seuwyobs xels
rkinis gzis gayvana abasTumnamde. maSin Cveni kulturac swrafad
gavrceldeba. saxalxo skolebis gaxsnas aqedanve unda SevudgeT.
V. mazraSi simSvidis Seuryevlad damyarebis interesi moiTxovs,
rom dainiSnos ficxeli gamoZieba momxdar amboxebis moTaveTa aRmosa­
Cenad da damnaSaveTa sastikad dasasjelad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs giorgi
gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) am moxsenebam dagvimtkica is, rac mosal­
odneli iyo. bevri ram gamoirkva am moxsenebiT. moxsenebis winaaRmdeg
salaparako bevri araferi gvaqvs.
vinc ki odnav mainc Tvalyurs adevnebs Cvens cxovrebas amisTvis
aSkara iyo, rom axalcixeSi momxdari davidaraba gamowveuli iyo sam­
wuxaro mizezebiT.
samwuxarod Cven varT gars Semortymuli iseTi xalxiT, romelic
saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas uyurebs im TvalsazrisiT, ra Tvalsaz­
risiTac uyurebdnen saSualo saukuneSi. isini fiqroben, rom erovnul
cxovrebis safuZveli da niadagi unda iyos sarwmunoeba da sarwmunoe­
bis mixedviT unda Semoitanon Cvens cxovrebaSi arev-dareva. erT dros

172
CvenSic ase uyurebdnen am sakiTxs. maSin, rodesac Cvenebi ruseTisken
iyurebodnen, swored am sarwmunoebas aqcevdnen mTavar yuradRebas.
swored agre iqcevian Cveni mezoblebi. es didad samwuxaroa CvenTvis.
didad samwuxroa, rom isini jer ar arian ganviTarebis saTanado do­
neze. didad samwuxaroa, rom axalcixes Tvalebi mimarTuli aqvs stam­
bolisken. exla sarwmunoebas, religias, ara aqvs aseTi didi mniSvne­
loba, rogorc Zvelad. saWiroa, rom Cvenma mezoblebma es Seignon.
am mxriv Cvenma sagareo saqmeTa ministrma gadadga swori nabiji,
rodesac gamoucxada TanagrZnoba CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTavrobas da
dauWira mas mxari denikinis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi amiT man daamtki­
ca, rom rjuls ar aqvs CvenTvis mTavari mniSvneloba. ase ar iqceva
aderbeijani. iq fiqroben, rom axalcixeSi mahmadianebi cxovroben da
amitom osmaleTs ufleba aqvs Caerios maT cxovrebis mowyobaSi. es ase
ar unda yofiliyo. piriqiT aderbeijans, rogorc Cven denikinis wi­
naaRmdeg, protesti unda ganecxadebina, rodesac osmaleTi iWrebo­
da am Cvens integralur nawilSi. magram igi Cven ki ar gviWers mxars.
igi angariSs ar uwevs princips demokratizmisas, romelic aris sa­
fuZveli axlandel saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebisa, aramed mxars uWers
erT-morwmuneobas. aseTi moqmedeba miuRebelia da bolos da bolos
SeiZleba man Cvensa da aderbeijans Soris didi usiamovneba gamoi­
wvios. me vacxadeb, rom amis brali Cven ar dagvedeba. es iqneba ader­
beijanis brali. an da rogor unda ganaxorcielos Tavis Zalaufleba
aderbeijanma mesxeTsa da javaxeTze? man unda gadalaxos an aRmosav­
leTi saqarTvelo an somxeTi! me mgonia, es iseTi mosazrebaa, rom amas
unda gauwion angariSi baqoSi.
aq komisia adgens im zomebs, romelic mas saWirod miaCnia, rom ex­
lave miiRos Cvenma mTavrobam. me am zomebis winaaRmdeg ara maqvs ra,
magram me mgonia, rom komisias exla unda warmoedgina Tavisi azri Ses­
axeb imisa, Tu rogori unda iyos Cveni politika am kuTxis mimarT. Cven
es unda dagvefasebina. Cvenis azriT am mazras unda mieniWos avtono­
mia. Cven es ukve aRuTqviT, maSasadame es principi miRebuli gvaqvs.
es imas niSnavs, rom imisTana dawesebulebani, romelTac aqvT zogad
saxelmwifo mniSvneloba es saxelmwifos mTavrobam xelidan ar unda
gauSvas. iq marTlac unda iyos Cveni warmomadgeneli, romelic dai­
cavs saxelmwifos uflebas. danarCeni saqmeebi exlave unda gadavides
adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebis xelSi. rodesac TviTon adgilo­
brivi xalxi Caudgeba Tavis cxovrebis mowyobas igi ukeT mouvlis Ta­
vis saWiroebas, da imave dros uzrunvelyofili iqneba Cveni saxel­
mwifos interesebic. ai es mxare ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli aq. amis
ganxorcielebas, amis Sesrulebas mTavroba exlave unda Seudges.
komisiis azriT saWiroa dazaralebul mcxovrebTadmi sursaTis
miwvda. es rasakvirvelia, udaoa. magram es ar aris TviT politikis gan­
sazRvra. rodesac adgilobrivi xalxi Caudgeba TviT Sinaur cxovre­
bis mowyobas, maSin, SeiZleba bevri iseTi sakiTxebi TviT moagvaron.

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komisias saWirod miaCnia agreTve agrarul reformis gatareba.
Cvenis azriT ukeTesi iqneba, rom am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi Cven dav­
exmaroT adgilobriv elementebs. es ar iqneba ZaliT gatareba am re­
formis. rodesac adgilobrivi mcxovrebi demokratiulad mowyobil
TviTmmarTvelobebs mxars dauWeren am reformis gatarebaSi, maSin es
reforma ufro ukeTesad gatardeba. ai es mindoda meTqva im moxsen­
ebis gamo, romelic aq gaakeTa sagangebo komisiam.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis niko eliavas.
niko eliava. (s. d.) upirveles yovlisa, me minda siamovnebiT
aRvniSno nayofieri muSaoba Cveni damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli komi­
siisa, romelsac davalebuli hqonda am rTuli saqmis adgilobriv ga­
morkveva.
TviT komisiis Semadgenloba da misi am uzenaesi dawesebulebidan
gamoyofa imedsa da safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom mis mier warmod­
genili masala aravisTvis sadavo ar iqneba, da Tu am masalas davak­
virdebiT, davinaxavT, rom is xmebi, is miTqma-moTqma, romelic komi­
siis saxeliT momxsenebelma aRniSna Tavis sityvis dasawyisSi, ar iyo
marTali imdenad, ramdenad mTeli simZime aq momxdar ambebisa undoda
gadaetanaT Cven administraciis da mTavrobis Tavze da pasuxismge­
blobac mTlianaT amaTTvis daekisrebinaT.
komisiis moxsenebidan gamoirkva, rom am ambebis mizezebi umTavre­
saT iseTia, romlis acileba Cven mTavrobas da miT umetes adgilobriv
administracias ar SeeZloT. aq mogaxsenaT is mizezebi, romelic amoZ­
ravebda, da amoqmedebda am saqmis momwyobT. aq aris panislamisturi
moZraoba, aq aris aderbeijanidan Semoseuli agentebis moqmedeba, aq
aris moqmedeba somxis eris zogierT elementebisa, da aris agreTve
ruseTis darCenil Cinovnikebis TanamSromloba. TviT am saqmis su­
lis CamdgmelTa Semadgenloba, romelic aq dagvisuraTxata komisiam
Tavis moxsenebaSi, gvarwmunebs, rom aq SeerTebulia yvela is Zalebi,
romelnic Cveni mTavrobis yovel nabijs ebrZvian, ebrZvian Cvens res­
publikas, Cven damoukideblobas. ai es pirobebi aris iseTi, romelTa
gaTvaliswineba saWiro iyos. magram igini, rogorc CvenTvis, ise Cveni
mTavrobisaTvis, Cveni demokratiisaTvis, dRevandel dRes SeiZle­
ba vsTqvaT, gareSe Zalis moqmedebisagan arian warmoSobilni, da ara
Sinaur politikis da Sinauri weswyobilebis gamo. aqedan is daskvna
unda gamovitanoT, rom am pirobebiT an saWiroa SebrZoleba, maT unda
SeebrZolos Cveni mTavroba da Cveni demokratia, da uzenaesi warmo­
madgeneli am demokratiisa _ damfuZnebeli kreba, SeebrZolos Tavisi
Sinauri da sagareo politikiT.
sagareo politikis Sesaxeb me mgonia aravisTvis saeWvo ar
aris, rom Cveni demokratiis xazi erTad erTia. Cven gvinda Cven me­
zoblebTan keTili ganwyobileba. Cven aravis ar vedavebiT, aravisT­
vis arafris warTmeva _ ar gvinda, magram ar mivcemT nebas vismes,
rom Cven sazRvrebSi SemoiWrnen da wagvarTvan rame. Tu rame sadao

174
aris, Tu romelime saxelmwifo, romelime mosazRvre respublika
fiqrobs, fiqrobs, rom misi sadao rame Semogvaqs Cven sazRvrebSi, am
sadao kiTxvis gadaWra unda moxdes im gziT, romelic Cven demokra­
tias ara erTxel uCvenebia: es aris SeTanxmeba, molaparakebad arbi­
traJi, magram Cveni demokratiisTvis yovlad miuRebelia mxolod am
gzas mimarTos da ar miiRos zomebi im upasuxismgeblo elementebis
winaaRmdeg, romelnic Cveni mezoblebis sazRvrebidan gamodian,
rogorc am SemTxvevaSi aRmoCnda axalcixes mazraSi. maSasadame aq
SemoWrilia gareSe Zala da Cven gvaqs erTi pasuxi. Cveni xazi sagareo
politikisa aris aseTi: Cven SegviZlian yvelasTan SeTanxmeba am gziT,
xolo vinc am gzas gadauxvevs da ecdeba an Sig moaxdinos ajanyeba,
an garedan dagvecema Tavs, Cveni demokratia pasuxs gascems imisTa­
nave saSualebiT, rogoric saWiroa aseT SemTxvevaSi, da garemoeba­
Si: Zalas-Zalas daupirdapirebT, radganac demokratia sruliad ar
aris valdebuli gul-xel dakrefili uyuros Tu vin ra usamarTlo­
bas sCadis da eWreba mis Sinaur saqmeebSi.
asaxelebden am miTqma-moTqmaSi garda xsenebulisa sxva mizezeb­
sac, romelsac ufro Sinauri xasiaTi hqonda. maT Soris laparaki iyo
imaze, rom es ubeduri SemTxveva gamowveuli aris agrarul reformis
ganxorcielebis surviliT da amas did yuradRebas aqcevdnen zogi­
erTi Cveni wreebi, zogierTi elementeb. komisiam ki sakmaod naTelyo,
rom am kuTxis dasamSvideblad, misi sabolooT da mWidroT Semosaka­
vSireblad aucileblad saWiro aris iq reformebis gatareba da im
demokratizmis damyareba, romelic Cven ukve gatarebuli gvaqs Cve­
ni respublikis sxva nawilebSi. am mxriv, me mgonia komisia marTlac
samarTlian daskvnas iZleva Tavis moxsenebis dasasrulSi, saca am­
bobs rom wesierebis damyarebis dros ar unda gagvitacos Zvelad
cnobilma principma, romelic ambobs „jer damSvideba, dawynareba
da mere reformebis gatarebao“. samarTlianad ambobs komisia, da me
mgonia, mTeli damfuZnebeli krebac gaiziarebs im azrs, rom saxel­
mwifoSi simSvidis dasamyareblad, saWiro aris wesierebis aRdge­
na. amisTvis ki aucileblad saWiro aris mtkice nabijebis gadadgma,
saWiro aris saTanado administraciis mowyoba, iseT administracii­
sa, romelic yovel mxriv sando iqneba mTavrobisTvis, sando iqne­
ba Cveni demokratiisTvis da Sesaferi adgilobriv pirobebisTvis.
es saqme, rasakvirvelia Cvenma mTavrobam unda moawyos, magram amave
dros es mTavroba valdebulia, Cven saerTo xazis Tanaxmad ganaxor­
cielos is reformebi, romelic wamoyenebulia dRiur wesrigSi, da
romelic ukve gatarebulia, an tardeba Cveni respublikis sxva naw­
ilebSi. es aris, sxvaTaSoris, agrarul reformis gatareba da ai amas
unda daukvirdeT. komisiis moxsenebidan sCans, rom axalcixis mazra­
Si TviT xalxi, TviT demokratia, ramdenadac is monawileobas iRebda
Cven winaaRmdeg moqmedebaSi, umTavresad CaTreuli iyo sxva da sxva
agentebis wyalobiT, CaTreuli iyo pirdapir Zal-datanebiT, da Tu es

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asea, SegviZlian erTi daskvna gamovitanoT: demokratiis, demokrati­
ul respublikis winaaRmdeg axalcixis mazra, ar iyo da verc iqneboda
amitom Cvenc adgilobriv demokratias unda daveyrdnoT, sruliad
zurgi vaqcioT im elementebs, romelnic dinteresebulni arian, rom
demokratiam fexi ar moikidos iq da isini darCnen isev iseT baton-pa­
tronebaT, rogorc aqamdisin iyven. amitom unda uarvyoT is elemen­
tebi, romelnic gamodian meamboxeebaT da SeiaraRebul moqmedebis
meTaurebaT; am elementebis yurisgdeba, Cven mTavrobas ar Seferis
da man mTeli Tavisi politika unda daamyaros iqaur demokratiaze,
xalxze; demokratias ki, umTavresad glexoba Seadgens. rasakvirve­
lia glexobis umTavresi interesi miwis sakiTxia, miwis reforma da
unda vifiqroT, rom Cveni agraruli reforma iseve misaRebi iqneba da
sasargeblo iqaur glexebisTvis. rogorc es Cveni respublikis aris
danarCeni glexobisTvis ai swored am glexobam unda dainaxos Cveni
mTavrobis mier am mxriv gadadgmuli nabijebi.
saxalxo ganaTlebasac unda mieqces jerovani yuradReba da ga­
nidevnos is sibnele, romelic yvelgan da yovelTvis aris udidesi
mteri demokratiisa da demokratiuli wyobilebisa.
Cveni mezoblebis politikis Sesaxeb moxsenebaSi sakmarisad iyo
naTqvami da me SemiZlian gamovTqva aq mxolod erTi imedi: im faqtebis
mixedviT, romlebsac am ukanasknel dros aqvs adgili, mosalodneli
aris, rom sxvaTaSoris aderbeijanis politika Seicvleba da es Cve­
ni mezobeli respublika daadgeba im SeTanxmebis gzas, romelsac, up­
irveles yovlisa, miyveboda Cveni demokratia, Cveni respublika. Cven
viciT, rom moaxlovebuli aris, momenti amierkavkasiis respublikebis
warmomadgenlebis Sexvedrisa da molaparakebisa sadavo sakiTxebze.
SesaZlebeli da mosalodneli aris, rom am SeTanxmebis gzas dadge­
bian isinic, da maSin is upasuxismgeblo garedan Semosuli, elemen­
tebic, romelnic dRemdin Cven winaaRmdeg moqmedebden, SeCerdebian
da uaryofen Tavis aseT intriganul da miuRebel gzas.
sazogadoT, unda mogaxsenoT rom Cven umTavres debulebebSi vRe­
bulobT komisiis moxsenebas, arsebiTad vizirebT mis winadadebas.
aucileblad angariSgasawevi aris is garemoeba, rom am amboxebaSi,
am gamosvlaSi mTeli iqauri binadari xalxi damnaSave ar iyo, es ga­
morkveulia, da maSasadame arc SeiZleba rom romelime mTavrobam,
romelime saxelmwifom sasjeli miayenos TviT adgilobriv mcxovre­
blebs. es miT umetes, rom gamorkveuli aris sxva d asxva Semamsubuqe­
beli garemoebani.
daxmareba materialuri, daxmareba iseTi, romelic maT saSuale­
bas miscems, Tavis sakuTar fexze dadgnen am ubedur SemTxvevis Semdeg,
adgilobriv mcxovreblebisTvis saWiro aris. da ramdenadac Cven vic­
iT, am mxriv nabiji ukve gadadgmulia, da me mgonia, mTavrobis wevre­
bi valdebulad CasTvlian Tavis Tavs moaxsenon damfuZnebel krebas
Tu ra aris gakeTebuli. Cven ki, rasakvirvelia, zneobriv movaleobad

176
migvaCnia daxmareba pirvel rigSi iyos dasmuli, rogorc sursaTiT,
ise xe-tyiT saxlebis aRsadgenaT. am mxriv daxmareba unda aRmouCinon
rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT.
Cven viziarebT im azrs, rom jer-jerobiT, rogorc TviT komisiis
angariSidanac sCans, adgilobriv ar aris damyarebuli iseTi pirobe­
bi, rom samxedro wesebis moxsna SeiZlebodes. samxedro wesebs, Tqvenc
iciT, SemoiReben, iq, sadac ar aris normaluri cxovreba, sadac mosal­
odnelia wesierebis da saxelmwifos interesebis darRveva da amitom,
radganac Cven, jer-jerobiT ar SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom am mxareSi,
mSvidobianobaa damyarebuli, miuxedavaT imisa rom samxedro moqmede­
ba TiTqmis dasrulebuli aris, _ jaris moxsnac SeuZlebelia, es imas
niSnavs, da ase unda gaigos yvelam: raki SesaZlebeli aris iseTi ubed­
urebis ganmeoreba, rogoric ukve moxda, Cvenc ar SegviZlian Sevasus­
toT saxelmwifo aparatis zedgavlena im kuTxeebSi, Cven ar SegviZlian
movxsnaT iq samxedro wesebi. es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni demokratia, sa­
dac saWiro aris, iq aucileblad mimarTavs sastik zomebs, radganac
mas ar SeuZlian misces vismes neba demokratiul wesebis darRvevisa.
amitom is sastiki zomebi, romelnic gamomdinareoben am samxedro we­
sebidan, _ datovebuli unda iyos im saxiT, romelsac moiTxovs saxel­
mwifoebrivi interesi. magram marto amiT ar SegviZlian davkmayo­
fildeT da, aqac veTanxmebiT komisiis daskvnas, rom marto samxedro
Zalaze ar SeiZleba iyos aSenebuli adgilobrivi aparatis moqmedeba.
aucileblad saWiro aris, rom Cveni mTavroba am TaviTve Seudges iq
adgilobrivi normaluri administratiuli aparatis mowyobas, ro­
melic, imdenad, ramdenadac samxedro moqmedeba SeCerdeba, Seudge­
ba adgilobrivi saqmeebis mowesrigebas da aRmSeneblobiT muSaobas
daiwyebs. am mxriv komisiis moTxovnileba, rom administracia exlave
moewyos, sruliad kanonieria. da me vfiqrob rom mTeli damfuZne­
beli kreba gaiziarebs komisiis im Sexedulobas. mxolod aq ibade­
ba erTi sakiTxi, romelSiac Cven ver veTanxmebiT komisiis daskvnas.
komisia fiqrobs rom administratiuli aparatis amuSavebisTvis da
mis saxelmZRvanelod saWiro aris, rom misi moqmedeba, misi moRvaweo­
ba adgilobriv savsebiT daeqvemdebaros samxedro uwyebas, samxedro
uwyebis warmomadgenlebs. Cven am Sexedulobas ar viziarebT Tumca
vambob, rom aucileblad saWirod migvaCnia samxedro Zala da misi
fizikuri Zalis avtoriteti. magram masTan aucileblad migvaCnia
normaluri administratiuli aparatis amoqmedeba da amuSaveba. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom samxedro Zala, da samxedro uwyebis warmomadgenloba,
aseTi saqmisTvis, rogoric aris administratiul aparatis mowyoba ar
aris momzadebuli imdenad, ramdenadac es saWiro aris am saqmis mowyo­
bisTvis. amitom Cven vfiqrobT, rom am aparatis mowyobis saqme unda
ikisros TviT centralurma mTavrobam Tavis adgilobriv agentebis,
Tavis adgilobriv TanamSromlebis saSualebiT. Cven vfiqrobT, rom
administraciaze gavlena samxedro uwyebisa unda ganisazRvrebodes

177
mxolod samxedro moqmedebis interesebiT da samxedro moqmedebis
dasawyisiT. gareSe amisa samxedro uwyeba administraciis saqmeSi ar
unda Caerios, miT umetes imisTana raionebSi, sadac sruli simSvide
iyo. axalcixis mazra imdenad didi raionia, rom maszed savsebiT samx­
edro uwyebis gavlenis da Zala uflebis gavrceleba ar aris saWiro.
amas ar moiTxovs adgilobrivi pirobebic, magram radganac SesaZlebe­
lia, zogierT SemTxvevebSi moxdes gaugebroba, im gaugebrobis asac­
ileblad da uwyebaTa warmomadgenlebis moqmedebaTa SesaTanxmeblaT,
saWiroT migvaCnia gansakuTrebuli uflebiT aRWurvili piris dan­
iSvna. es piri Tavisi avtoritetiT SesZlebs mospos es gaugebroba.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tavis Tavad, aseTi mTavrobis warmomadgenelni
samxedro Zalis gamge da administratiuli aparatisa, yovelwuTs ec­
debian TanxmobiT imoqmedon, magram TviT buneba am ori saqmisa Sesa­
Zleblad xdis zogierT uTanxmoebas da maT asacileblaT saWiro iqne­
ba es mTavrobis gansakuTrebuli ndobiT aRWurvili piri. mxolod is
SesZlebs im SeTanxmebis, im kontaktis Setanas, romelic saWiro aris.
TavisTavad ki vambob, rom administraciis mosawyobad saWiroa admin­
istratiuli praqtikis, administraciis mcodne kaci. amitom, mizan
SewonilaT migvaCnia, rom es komisiis winadadeba iqnes Sesworebuli
ai am rigaT, rogorc me mogaxsenebT. sadac samxedro moqmedeba aris,
iq, rasakvirvelia, yvela eqvemdebareba samxedro uwyebis sardals, ma­
gram saca ar aris samxedro moqmedeba, iq administracia muSaobs am
gansakuTrebuli uflebiT aRWurvili piris xelmZRvanelobiT. es aris
umTavresi Sesworeba, romelic saWirod migvaCnia SevitanoT komisiis
debulebaSi. danarCeni debuleba ar iwvevs CvenSi davas. mxolod unda
mogaxsenoT, rom zogierTi adgilebi Cven metad migvaCnia. ai aq meoTxe
punqtSi debulebisa, romelic warmoadgina momxsenebelma, naTqvami
aris sxvaTa Soris, rom saWiro aris ekonomiuri da kulturuli kav­
Sirio. rasakvirvelia, saWiro aris, magram amaze laparaki meti aris.
uxerxulad migvaCnia, agreTve dRes damfuZnebel krebam ilaparakos
gzebis Sesaxeb, romelzedac komisia migviTiTebs. abasTumanSi rki­
nis gza, rasakvirvelia, gasayvania, rkinis gza ufro mWidroT daakav­
Sirebs kulturul centrs ganapira kuTxeebTan, magram es ar gvidgas
dRes dRiur wes-rigSi, ar gamomdinareobs komisiis moxsenebidan. ami­
tom zedmetad migvaCnia amaze laparaki.
rac Seexeba danarCen debulebebs, Cven maT vinawilebT da vizirebT.
aucileblaT saWiroa, rom aseTi saqmeebi ar gameordes Cveni respub­
likis sxva da sxva kuTxeebSi da Tu ganmeorda yvelam unda icodes, rom
saxelmwifo mTeli Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi aparatis simZimiT Tavs
daesxmeba borotmomqmed pirT, romelnic aseT ubedurebaSi agdeben
demokratias da saxelmwifos da mTeli ubedurebis simZimes atexen
Tavs im binadar mcxovreblebs, romelnic maTi provokaciis wyalobiT
aseT mdgomareobaSi arian Cayenebulni. saxelmwifom unda gamoiCinos
mTeli Tavisi sisastike, rom aseT gamosvlebs ar hqondes adgili. Cven

178
vinawilebT am debulebas da vfiqrob rom mTavrobisaTvis savaldeb­
uloa moaxdinos am saqmis sastiki gamoZieba, xolo misi warmoeba mien­
dos administracias, sasamarTlos. imedi gvaqs, isini gansakuTrebuli
sisastikiT dasjian danaSaveT. ai aseTi gaxlavT is mosazrebebi, rome­
lic me mindoda TqvenTvis warmomadgina im moxsenebis Sesaxeb romelic
movismineT Cven. komisia arafers ambobs Soreuli momavalis program­
is Sesaxeb. arc Cven migvaCnia saWirod, amaze laparaki, radganac Cven
win sdgas gansazRruli SemTxveva da gansazRruli SemTxvevisaTvis
iyo saWiro saCqaro zomebis Cveneba. es didi davaleba da daniSnuleba
komisiam savsebiT Seasrula da mis mier naCvenebi, gza garda imisa, ro­
melzedac ukve mogaxseneT, sruliad sakmaris aris, miznis misaRwevaT.
amitom ar gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni yuradReba sxva rameze. TviTmarT­
veloba, rasakvirvelia SemoRebuli unda iyos demokratiul respub­
likaSi, saca adgilobrivi pirobebi ar uSlis xels. rasakvirvelia igi
aqac iqneba SemoRebuli. da igi Tavis mxriv miiRebs yovelgvar zomebs
wesierebis damyarebisa da im reformebis gatarebisaTvis, romelic
saWiro aris. Cven ar gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni yuradReba im mxareze,
romelsac Seexo batoni gvazava. es Tavis Tavad loRikurad gamom­
dinareobs mTeli Cveni politikidan, da mTeli Cveni moRvaweobidan.
Cven ar gvinda SevqmnaT sadme raime kalonia, aramed gvinda, rom yvela
kuTxeebi organiulad iyvnen dakavSirebulni, da es organiuli dakav­
Sirebuli moiTxovs, rom masze gavrcelebuli iyos yvela is demokra­
tiuli reformebi, romelic Cven gvaqvs. Tu gansakuTebuli pirobebi
moiTxoven sxva gvarad adgilobriv marTva gamgeobas, rasakvirvelia
amis winaSe Cven ar SevCerdebiT. da am mxriv adgilobrivi mkvidrni
darwmundebian, rom isini namdvili Svilebia Cveni respublikisa, mi­
uxedavaT sarwmunoebisa, da erovnobisa, da am mxriv momxdar ubedur
SemTxvevebs, rasakvirvelia, araviTari gavlena ar unda qondes maTs
bedze da maT mdgomareobaze.
osman-Savyi-efendi-miqelaZe. (s. d.) batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno!
Tqven xarT sruli baton-patroni qarTveli xalxisa.
istoriam Tqven gakuTvnaT winamZRoloba daCagrul qarTvel er­
isa, romelsac saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi Tavs exvia uricxvi mteri: _
samxreTidan-osmaleTis faSebi, da CrdiloeTidan ruseTis reaqcia,
romelic uxuTavda xalxs suls. dRes Tavisufali saqarTvelo ebrZvis
Cvens winaaRmdeg Semoseuls mtrebs, magram is mainc SedarebiT yvela
mezobel qveynebTan Tavisufalia da keTil mowyobili.
sixaruli marTebs qarTvel xalxs!
zeimi marTebs saqristiano saqarTvelos, rom is Tavis Tavis pa­
tronia, rom man moiZro monobis uReli da daumtkica mTel qveyanas,
rom qarTveli xalxi ubrZolvelad aravis dauTmobs samSoblos!
sul sxva pirobebSi varT Cven, musulmani qarTvelebi. Cven mow­
yvetili varT Tqvengan, _ Cven ufros Zmebisgan. Cven vizrdebodiT

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dedinacvlis xelSi, da CaquCiT gvcemdnen TavSi, rogorc osmaleTis
faSebi, ise ruseTis Renerlebi.
dRes saqarTvelosTan erTad samuslimano saqarTvelos erTi nawi­
li, _ Zveli mesxeTi SemoerTebulia. es kuTxe, romlis warmomadgeneli
me gaxlavarT, mudam iyo saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawili. igi dasax­
lebuli iyo qarTvel muslimanebiT, magram dRes osmaleTis faSebi
cdiloben axalcixis mazridan Cven mowyvetas. es imis niSania, rom
saqarTvelos istoriul mtrebs ar sZinavT da Cven amitom frTxilad
unda viyveT.
me davalebuli maqvs ganvacxado, rom mesxeTis mSromel xalxs
xeli ara aqvs gasvrili sisxlSi, romelic daRvara focxovSi osmale­
Tis daxmarebiT SemoWrilma da Semosulma moRalatis jarma. dRes ax­
alcixe saqarTvelos udavo nawili aris, mara qarTveli muslimanTa
xalxi gansakuTrebul pirobebSia;
Cveni zne-Cveuleba, sarwmunoeba, kulturuli gansxvaveba moiTx­
ovs moiwyos samuslimano saqarTveloSi marTva-gamgeoba, ise, ro­
gorc amas moiTxovs adgilobrivi pirobebi. Cven mogvca mTavrobam
avtonomia, exla saqme mis mowyobaSia, amiT moispoba aTabegovis da
qoblianskis pravokacia, romelsac avrcelebdnen xalxSi Cveni mtrebi.
Tqven iciT, batonebo, rom focxovidan axalcixeSi moRalate
aTabegovma didi tanjva miayena xalxs, bevri dazaralda, da bevrs Ca­
moarTva didi kuxara, xalxi dazaralda. yvela aman Wkua unda gvas­
wavlos. dRes sazRvrebi unda kargaT ganvamtkicoT rom mtrebma omis
cecxlSi ar CagvaxrCos.
mSromeli xalxi darwmunebulia, rom dazianebul xalxs mTavroba
daxmarebas gauwevs.
axalcixis mazris provokaciis gavlenam cudi miTqma-moTqma ga­
moiwvia aWaraSi. aman gvaiZula wavsuliyaviT gaugebrobis gasafa­
ntad. exla zemo aWaridan movdivar da sasixaruloT getyviT Tqven,
rom aWara iziarebs osmaleTis agentebis azrs (taSi). mTel xalxs
surs, rom saqarTvelosTan erTad xeli xels Cakidebuli iaros, da mo­
mavalSi ar moswydes Tavis samSoblos.
Tqven iciT, batonebo, rom samuslimano saqarTvelos ganTavisu­
flebis saqmes bevri xelSemSleli hyavs. artaani, yarsi, denikini, yve­
las cdiloben rom baTumi da axalcixe Cven Camogvwyviton. TviT xalxi
axalcixisa da aWarisa ki ambobs, rom is saqarTvelos ver daSordeba,
da Tu dRes, an xval mainc SesZlebs saqarTvelosTan SeerTebas, is mza­
daa ginda misTvis sisxli daRvaros iaraRiT xelSi.
me davaleba maqvs giZRvnaT am xalxis selami da dRegrZeloba! (taSi).
gaumarjos saqarTvelos! (taSi).
gaumarjos saqarTvelos respublikas!
cota bodiSs vixdi misTvis, rom qarTveli muslimani var da ar
vici wminda qarTuli, rom mogaxsenoT, rac namdvilaT gulSi maqvs,

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magram me maqvs didi imedi, da darwmunebuli, var rom CemisTana bnel
adamians saqarTvelos respublika da mTavroba gaanaTlebs da Seiz­
rdis, rogorc mkvidr Svils.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gancxadeba

noe ramiSvili. batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


es sakiTxi, romelic Tqvens winaSe sdgas, mTavrobis gansakuTre­
bul yuradRebas ipyrobs, da es asec unda iyos.
Cveni respublika iarsebebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas mWidrod
daukavSirdeba samuslimano saqarTvelo. ai swored am SegnebiT, dar­
wmunebuli varT, rom yovelive Cveni nabiji, gadadgmuli respublikis
gansamtkiceblad, upirvelesyovlisa, mimarTuli unda iyos iqiTken,
rom respublika mWidrod daukavSirdebs samuslimano saqarTvelos.
mTavrobam dRes, am ara Cveulebriv pirobebSi, ramdenime mniSvnelo­
vani dadgenileba gamoitana.
Cven aq ar SeudgebiT imis dasabuTebas, Tu ram gamoiwvia es sisx­
lis Rvra, romlis mowameni Cven viyaviT. es savsebiT iyo gamorkveu­
li damfuZnebel krebis komisiis mier. Cveni cnobebi Tavidanve
swore iyo.
mTavroba movale iyo, im pirobebis winaaRmdeg, romlis gavlena
yovelTvis mwvavea da gansakuTrebiT es mwvave aris adgilobriv mcx­
ovrebze, _ movale iyo mieRo Sesaferisi zomebi.
Cven gadavswyviteT da SevimuSaveT kanon-proeqti da am dReeb­
Si warmoudgenT damfuZnebel krebas, rom xalxs, upirveles yovlisa
mieces daxmareba saTesiT, agreTve sasursaTo daxmarebac.
amasTanave Cven saWiroT migvaCnia aq ganvacxadoT, rom Cveni
cnobebiT, iyo zogierTi SemTxveva, roca dazaralda muslimanTa sam­
locveloebi. Cven saWirod migvaCnia am mxriv, adgilobriv mcxovre­
blebs mieces yovel-gvari SeRavaTi da saxelmwifo maT aRuTqvams im
daxmarebas, romelic aucilebeli iqneba sarwmunoebriv moTxovnile­
baTa dasakmayofileblad.
Cven sruli imedi gvaqvs, rom xalxi, romelic araviTar monaw­
ileobas ar iRebda am amboxebaSi, romelic moawyes respublikis is­
toriulma mtrebma begebma da maTma amyolebma, darwmundeba, rom
mTavroba saukeTeso damcvelia, damfuZnebel krebis karnaxiT, maTi
moTxovnilebisa, da mWidrod daukavSirdeba Cven respublikas.
amasTanave Cven saWirod migvaCnia ganvacxadoT, rom is muxli Cveni
platformisa, romelic Tqven aq iciT da romelic exeba samuslimano
saqarTveloSi mmarTvelobis mowyobas, axlo momavalSi ganxorciel­
deba samusulmano saqarTvelo marTlac moewyoba avtonomiurad.

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es kanon-proekti iqneba warmodgenili pirvel SemTxvevisamebr.
(taSi).
Tavmjdomare. msurveli aRaravin ari. am rigad kamaTi Sewyvetil­
ia. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
giorgi anjafariZe (s. d.) me didxans ar SevaCereb Tqven yuradRe­
bas. Cem moxsenebaSi me ganvacxade, rom saWiroa didi muSaoba da sxva
da sxva zomebis miReba. magram dRes dReobiT im pirobebSi, romelic
exla aris Seqmnili, saWiroa miReba im zomebisa, romelic iyo Cem mier
CamoTvlili. rac Seexeba im zomebs, romelzedac laparakobda b. gva­
zava, es Cem mier ar iyo dasaxelebuli mxolod imitom, rom es Zalian
didi sakiTxia, mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da didi Seswavla
sWiria, da am sakiTxis marto ubralo deklaraciis gadawyveta saWiro
ar aris, miT umetes, rom mTavrobam ukve aseTi deklaracia gaakeTa.
rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb raime dadgenilebas
gamoitans, man es dadgenileba unda Camoasxas ukve SemuSavebul kano­
nis gansazRvrul formebSi. komisias amis Sesaxeb araferi ar uTqvams
es imas ki ar niSnavs rom komisia winamRdegia am zomisa; amis winaaRm­
deg komisia ar iqneboda da arc iqneba.
miwis sakiTxi ki sul sxva sakiTxia, marTlac adgilobriv Cven
davrwmundiT, rom miwis sakiTxi dResve unda iyos gadawyvetili, im­
itom rom, miwis sakiTxis gatarebiT, erTis mxriv niadagi eSleba Cven
mowinaaRmdegeebs, romelTa umetesoba umTavresad memamuleebisagan
Sedgeba da meores mxriv es reforma xalxs miizidavs da daubrunebs
Tavis keras. rodesac xalxi dainaxavs, rom ar yofila sicrue saqarT­
velos mTavrobis dapireba, aramed dResve xorcieldeba is, miuxeda­
vad im pirobebisa, romelic aq aris Seqmnili, _ xalxi usaTuod dab­
rundeba. da imitom komisias adgilobriv glexebis warmomadgenelni
upirvelesyovlisa sTxovdnen: „Tqven miaqcieT yuradReba imas, rac
moxda axalcixeSi, da Tqveni dapireba ukan ar waiRoT, aasruleT,
miwa mieciT xalxs“-o. amitom, komisiam saWirod dainaxa, sxva saSuro
zomebTan erTad es zomac friad saCqarod iqnes miRebuli.
rac Seexeba social-demokratiul fraqciis Sesworebas, Sesaxeb
administraciis mowyobisa, saubedurod, komisiis saxeliT, ar Sem­
iZlian es Seworeba miviRo. rasakvirvelia administraciis mowyoba
saukeTesod mTavrobas centridan SeuZlian, amisTvis centridan gaig­
zavneba gamocdili piri, magram Tu ki adgilobrivad es piri samxedro
uwyebas ar daemorCileba, komisias Zalian eSinian, rom ar moxdes Zala
uflebis gaoreba. sagangebo rwmunebuli, romelzedac aq iyo lapara­
ki, me mgoni rom saqmes sruliad ar Sehcvlis. asec rom ar iyos, erTi
garemoeba aris misaRebi. Cven gvaqs saqme ubralo jer kidev Seugnebel
xalxTan. ra STabeWdilebas iqoniebs am xalxze, rom ramodenime pirs
aqvs es Zala-ufleba? is usaTuod darwmundeba imaSi, rasac mudam eub­
nebian Cveni mowinaaRmdegeni, _ saqarTvelom bevri ver mogiaraT, im­
itom rom, TiTon ara aqvs mowyobili Tavisi saqme, igi xan erT kacs

182
aZlevs Zala-uflebas, xan meores, romelnic erTmaneTSi ver SeTanxme­
bulan da isini Tqven ver mogivliT, ver mogiwyobT saqmeso, amitom me
vambob, aq Zala-uflebis gaoreba Zalian cud gavlenas iqoniebs da Sei­
Zleba man Seaferxos normalur kalapotSi cxovrebis Cayeneba. is mo­
sazreba, rom administracia iq unda daemorCilos sardals saca samx­
edro moqmedeba swarmoebs da sadac simSvide aris, es saWiro araao, _
me mgoni aq mosatani ar aris. im pirobebSi, romlebSiac exla axalcix­
is mazra imyofeba, Cven ar SegviZlian gavarkvioT sad aris samxedro
moqmedeba da sad ar aris.
Cven viciT kargad, rom maSin rodesac Cveni jarebi focxovis
raionSi ibrZodnen, im dros zurgSi maT ajanyeba mouwyves. amitom
windawin laparaki da gaTvaliswineba, sad iqneba saomari moqmedeba
da sad ara, ar SeiZleba, miT umetes, rom adgilobriv jer kidev darCa
osmaleTis agentebi da emisrebi.
ibadeba sakiTxi, Tu ki administracia daqvemdebarebuli eyoleba
jarebis sardals, SegviZlian Tu ara Cven reformebs gatareba, raica
aucilebeli saWiro aris. komisia im azrisaa, rom damSvidebasTan da
wesierebis damyarebasTan erTad unda moxdes usaTuod paralelurad
reformebis gatarebac. me mgoni rom es SeiZleba. marTalia, sadac gan­
sakuTrebuli wesebi aris SemoRebuli iq SeCerebulia erTgvarad pi­
radi Tavisuflebani. magram Cven praqtika gvaqs, praqtika sxva ganapi­
ra olqebisa, magaliTad soWisa da soxumis olqebisa, sadac samxedro
wesebi iyo SemoRebuli, da Cven Zalian energiulad vatarebdiT sxva da
sxva politikur da socialur reformebs, da iq Tavis dReSi sardlebs
ar dauSliaT Cveni aseT moqmedebisTvis. da me mgoni, rom ar gveqneba
sabuTi imisa, rom aq Cven vinmem dagviSalos. amitom komisias hgonia,
rom bevrad ukeTesi da mizan Sewonili iqneba Tu ki administracias
centridan mTavroba moawyobs, magram es administracia daemorCile­
ba sardals, radganac winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, kidevac rom ar moxdes
Zala-uflebis gaoreba, mainc adgilobriv xalxis fsixologiaSi amas
eqneba cudi gavlena da es Zalian did zians moutans saqmes.
Tavmjdomare. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb aris ori rezoliucia. erTi
komisiis mier warmodgenili, meore Semotanili social-demokratiis
fraqciis mier. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs: pirvelad sagangebo komisiis da Semdeg s. d.
fraq. rezoliucias).

soc. dem. fraqciis rezoliucia.

moismina ra sagangebo komisiis moxseneba axalcixis mazris Sesa­


xeb da mTavrobis ganmarteba, damfuZnebeli kreba aRiarebs, rom aR­
niSnuli kuTxis dasamSvideblad saWiroa, erTis mxriT, energiuli
brZola moRalateT, winaaRmdeg, xolo meore mxriT demokratiul re­

183
formebis cxovrebaSi gatareba. amisTvis damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs
mTavrobas:
1. miiRos zomebi administraciis mosawyobad, raTa SesaZlebel
gaxdes demokratiul reformebis pirvel rigSi da miwis reformis
cxov­rebaSi gatareba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul mcxovrebT dax­
mareba sursaTis da xetyis masalebis miwodebiT.
2. droebiT, sanam gareSe safrTxe iqneba mosalodneli dasto­
vos am mxareSi samxedro wesebi da momqmed samxedro da samoqalaqo
Zalebis SesaTanxmeblad daniSnos Tavisi sagangebo rwmunebuli.
Tavmjdomare. aq sxva rezoliucia ar maqvs. exla Seudgebi kenWis
yras. surs vismes sityva Tu ara? msurveli aravin aris. me kenWs uyri.
SeiZleba isurvoT da gahyoT muxlobriv rezoliucia? Cemis azriT,
am orive rezoliuciaSi aris iseTi ram, romelic saerToa. gsurT Tu
ara? msurveli aravin aris. saWiro aris Tu ara, erTxel kidev mogax­
senoT komisiis winadadeba?
giorgi anjafariZe (adgilidan). erT Sesworebas vRebulob.
Tavmjdomare. ris Sesaxeb gnebavT sityva?
anjafariZe (adgilidan) Sesworebis Sesaxeb, romelic aris Semot­
anili social-demokratiul fraqciis mier.
Tavmjdomare. me bodiSs vixdi, magram Tqven ukanasknel sityviT
isargebleT da amis Sesaxeb araferi brZaneT. gTxovT dabrZandeT.
niniZe. (adgilidan) neba miboZeT reglamentis Sesaxeb!
Tavmjdomare. romeli reglamentisa?
kirile niniZe (s. d.) romelic droebiT iyo miRebuli. reglamenti
darRveuli gaxlavT!
Tavmjdomare. inebeT!
kirile niniZe (s. d.) Cven vfiqrobT, rom am rezoliuciaSi, rome­
lic komisiam warmoadgina, bevri muxli ar aris sadavo, magram aris
iseTi wvrilmanebi, romlebsac Cveni fiqriT adgili ar unda hqondes
rezoliuciaSi, da amitom warmovadgineT Cven calke rezoliucia. me
mgoni, kenWi unda uyaroT rezoliuciebs, rogorc erTs ise meores.
cal calke muxlebis kenWis yraSi Cven bevr punqtebis Sesaxeb, Tavs Se­
vikavebT, ratom, miuxedavad imisa, rom es misaRebia, ar migvaCnia saW­
irod, rom es iyos dawvrilebiT aRniSnuli rezoliuciaSi. amitom
me mgonia, am saxiT unda hqondes adgili kenWis yras, rogorc es aris
warmodgenili. jer erTi rezoliucia aris warmodgenili mere meore.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, magram unda ganvacxado, rom es regla­
mentis darRvevis Sesaxeb sityva ar gaxlavT.
me rom es mcodnoda krebis wevrs niniZes sityvas ar mivcemdi.
SemdegisTvis umorCilesad vTxov orators imaze ilaparakos,
razedac moiTxovs sityvas.
me mxolod mogaxseneT, gnebavT mTlianad uyaro kenWi, rezoliuc­
iebs, Tu calk-calke muxlebs meTqi. pasuxad ar miviRe arc ho da arc
ara. sanam reglamentis darRvevis Sesaxeb amas brZanebda romelime

184
wevri, unda moecada, rogor moviqceodiT. me rasakvirvelia aseTi
ganzraxva mqonda. exla kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre komisiis mier war­
modgenil rezoliuciisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi?
vin aris momxre social-demokratiis fraqciis mier warmodge­
nil rezoliuciisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin Seikava Tavi. maSa­
sadame Tavi Seikava 7. miRebulia social-demokratiul fraqciis
rezoliucia.
Semdegi sakiTxi damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis Sesaxeb. sityva
ekuTvnis momxsenebels baraTaSvils.

damfuZnebel krebis reglamenti.

iese baraTaSvili. damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis SemuSavebis


dros sareglamento komisia xelmZRvanelobda ruseTis saxelmwifos sa­
TaTbiros, amier kavkasiis seimis da saqarTvelos parlamentis regla­
mentebiT. ukanaskneli droebiT miiRo damfuZnebel krebam saxelmZR­
vanelod. amitom me minda aRvniSno umTavresi gansxvavebani, romelnic
miviReT imis da mixedviT Tu ra uflebiT aris aRWurvili damfuZne­
beli kreba da ra movaleoba mas awveba. §§ 39, 40, 41, 42, damfuZnebeli
kreba akisrebs gansakuTrebul komisiebs mmarTvelobis yoveli dargis
moqmedebis gamosaZieblad. komisiam didi yuradReba miaqcia, saqmeTa
ganxilvis wess. 8 kanonproeqtebis pirvelsa da meore ganxilvis Sua
unda gavides ara nakleb Svidi dRisa, rom damfuZnebel krebas hqondes
dro moifiqros, daukvirdes sakiTxs da Semdeg saTanado msjavri gamoi­
tanos §§ 65, 66, 68 aRniSnaven dekretebis ganxilvis wess. damfuZnebel
krebas aqvs ufleba Semoitanos yoveli winadadeba dekretebis instruq­
cis da dadgenilebis proeqtis saxiT. winadadeba unda daurigdes dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrebs 24 saaTiT adre krebis gaxsnamde. § 70 m. Seexeba
SekiTxvebs. axali Cven SevitaneT rom § 74 m. SekiTxvis garda damfuZneb­
el krebis wevrs SeuZlian mTavrobas mimarTos kiTxviT ama Tu im saqmis
gansamarteblad. mTavroba valdebulia pasuxi gasces dauyovnebliv, an
Semdeg sxdomaze. amis Sesaxeb kamaTi ar imarTeba § 79. qvorumi Sesdgeba
ara nakleb 50 wevrisagan. § 110 Tu damf. krebis wevri ar emorCileba,
Tavmjdomares, ukanasknels SeuZlian mosTxovos wesrigis dacva, misces
SeniSvna da sxva. § 114 muxlSi aRniSnulia msjelobis Semoklebis da
Sewyvetis wesi. § 119 winadadeba kamaTis Semoklebis da Sewyvetis Ses­
axeb uaryofilad CaiTvleba, Tu winaaRmdegia Tormeti anu meti wevri.
danarCen Sesworebebs didi mniSvneloba ara aqvsT. Tu nebas momcemdiT,
gadaval muxlobriv ganxilvazed.
Tavmjdomareobs simon mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. vin aris
winaaRmdegi rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.

185
iese baraTaSvili. kiTxulobs reglamentis 1-12 muxls.
kenWis yriT miRebulia. (xma: _ ukve sami saaTia!)
Tavmjdomare. dadgenilebis ZaliT damfuZnebel krebis. sxdoma
wydeba sam saaTze. gsurT Tu ara ganvagrZnoT kreba? vin aris winaaRm­
degi? maSasadame, kreba gadaideba.
winadadeba gaxlavT kreba dainiSnos rva aprils Tormet saaTze.
krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTze da 2 wuTze.

186
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

merve sxdoma

1919 weli.aprilis 8. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 s. 40 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT.
gTxovT dabrZandeT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

komisiebSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtebis sia:

mdivani. Semosulia Semdegi kanon-proeqtebi, romelnic unda ga­


daeces komisiebs. (kiTxulobs).
1. samxedro ministris kanonproeqti _ oficerTa da samxedro uw­
yebis moxeleTa jamagirisa.
gadaeces samxedro da sabiujeto komisiebs.
2. Sromis ministris kanonproeqti _ 1918 wlis ivlisis 5-s kano­
nis salikvidacio jildos me-2 muxlis Secvlisa.
gadaeces Sromisa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiebs.
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanonproeqti _ mis gankarguleba­
Si ori milioni maneTis gadacemisa _ axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebSi
dazaralebulTa dasaxmareblad.
gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

187
4. Sromis ministris kanonproeqti. saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis
mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis micemisa.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. saboloo teqsti _ damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjTaR­


ricxvis kanonisa.
2. saboloo teqsti _ damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa axal­
cixis ambebis gamosarkvevad gagzavnil sagangebo komisiis moxsene­
bis gamo.
3. gagrZeleba damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis ganxilvisa.
4. social-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba _ mcire komisiebis
daarsebis Sesaxeb centralur dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis.
5. sxva da sxva komisiebis arCeva.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva wesrigis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis
arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.d.) aq aris erTi Zalian saCqaro proeqti. es
gaxlavT mosamsaxureebisaTvis avansis micemis Sesaxeb. radganac es
avansi saWiroa mieces manamdis, sanam maTi jamagiri sabolood Camoy­
alibdeba, me mgonia, safinanso komisias unda winadadeba mivceT, rom
daCqarebiT ganixilos es kanonproeqti. SesaZlebelia, rom vTxovoT
safinanso komisias dauyonebliv ganixilos da Semdeg sxdomisaTvis
warmoadginos igi. daaxlovebiT, paraskevisTvis. paraskevisTvis, me
mgonia, mosalodnelia momaval sxdomis daniSvna.
Tavmjdomare. aris winadadeba, rom daevalos safinanso komisias
Semdeg sxdomisTvis warmoadginos kanonproeqti saxelmwifo mosam­
saxureTaTvis avansis micemisa. vin aris winaaRmdegi amisa? aravin.
maSasadame es kanon-proeqti, Tanaxmad damfuZnebel krebis das­
turisa, safinanso komisiam unda warmoadginos paraskevis sxdomaze.
vin aris winaaRmdegi dRiur wesrigisa? aravin.
maSasadame wesrigi damtkicebulia.
pirveli sakiTxi: saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis kancelari­
is xarjT-aRricxvisa. momxsenebelia soloRaSvilis asuli.

saboloo teqsti damfuZ. krebis 1919 w.


xarjT-aRricxvis kanonisa.

olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. me mogaxsenebT saqarTvelos dam­


fuZnebel krebis kancelariis 1919 wlis xarjT aRricxvas im Seswore­
biT, romelic iyo miRebuli damfuZnebel krebis mier da safinanso-sa­
biujeto komisiis SeniSvnebs. (kiTxulobs).

188
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa gasamrjelo (yofili parlamentis
147 wevrs ori Tvisa da 12 dRisa Tviurad 900 man. angariSiT _ 313.110
man. damfuZnebeli krebis 130 wevrs cxra Tvisa da 19 dRisa _ Tviurad
1500 man. angariSiT 1 878500 m.) 1919 w. ianvris 1-dan wlis damlevamde
_ 2.191.610 man.
damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles sawarmomadgenlo
xarjisaTvis _ 15.000 man.
damfuZnebel krebis kancelariis mosamsaxureTa jamagirisTvis _
465.600 man.
sakancelario, safosto-satelegrafo da sxva sameurneo xarji­
saTvis _ 100.000 man.
kancelariis saWiroebisaTvis droebiT mowveuli momuSaveTa
sasyidlisaTvis _ 10.000 man.
sxva da sxva moulodnel SemTxvevis gamo mosamsaxureTa daxmarebi­
saTvis _ 15. 000 man.
biblioTekis Sevsebisa da sxva xarjisaTvis _ 200.000 man.
sastambo xarjebisaTvis _ 100. 000 man.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa sagzao da dRiuri xarjisaTvis _
100.000 man.
komisiebSi mowveul mcodne pirTa gasamrjelosTvis 20.000 m.
gauqmebul Tanamdebobis pirTa dakmayofilebisaTvis 1919 w. ian­
vrisa, Tebervlisa da martis jamagiriT _ 6.300 man.
jami _ 3.223.510 man.
Tavmjdomare. daasruleT?
olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. es gaxlavT xarjT-aRricxva. aris
kidev kanon-proekti. wavikiTxo?
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT!
olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs) saboloo teqsti dam­
fuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvis kanonisa. aq Setanili
gaxlavT Semdegi cvlilebani. damfuZnebel krebam miiRo aseTi sa­
TauriT:

kanonproeqti

saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvis dam­


tkicebisa.
saredaqcio komisiam miiRo:

kanoni.

saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvisa.


pirvel muxlSi TiTqmis cvlileba araviTari ar aris, Tu mxedve­
lobaSi ar miviReT, rom miRebul kanonSi iyo: „damfuZnebel krebis“,
da saredaqcio komisiam miiRo „damfuZnebeli krebis“.

189
Semdeg meore muxli. uwindeli redaqcia aseTi gaxldaT:
2. damtkicebuli iqmnes am kanonTanve darTuli saqarTvelos dam-
fuZnebel krebis kancelariis Stati. da 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxva.
saredaqcio komisiam metad dainaxa, rom aq daematebinaT Semdegi
nawili, „da 1919 wlis xarjTaRricxva“, radganac kancelariis xar­
jT-aRricxva ukve Setanilia pirvel xarjT-aRricxvaSi.
meore muxli saredaqcio komisiam ase miiRo (kiTxulobs).
2. damtkicebuli iqmnes am kanonTanve darTuli saqarTvelos dam-
fuZnebeli krebis kancelariis Stati.
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis kancelariis Stati aseTia:

NN თანამდებობანი 1919 წ. იანვრის 1-დან წლის დამლევამდე მანეთობით


რიგზე თანამდე თვიური თვიური წლიური წლიური
ბ. ჯამაგირი ჯამაგირი ჯამაგირი ჯამაგირი
რიცხვი თვითეულს ყველას თვითეულს ყველას
1 კანცელარიის 1 1500 1500 18000 13000
გამგე
2 საბიუჯეტო- 1 1400 1400 16800 16800
საფინანსო განყ.
საქმეთა
მმართველი
3 საქმის 8 1000 8000 12000 96000
მწარმოებელი
4 ექსპედიტორი 1 850 850 10200 10200
5 ექსპედიტორის 1 750 750 9000 9000
თანაშემწე
6 მანქანით 7 800 5500 9600 67200
გადამწერი-
უფროსი
კათეგორიისა

მანქანით 3 750 2250 9000 7000


გადამწერი- 3
უნცროსი 2
კათეგორიისა

ამ მუხლს
am muxlsაქვს დართული
aqvs darTuli შენიშვნა საფინანსო
SeniSvna საბიუჯეტო
safinanso კომისიისა. ეს
sabiujeto შენიშვნა
komisiisa.
შემდეგი გახლავთ
es SeniSvna (კითხულობს).
Semdegi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs).
am StatiT aRricxuliჯამაგირი
ამ შტატით აღრიცხული jamagiri მანქანით
manqaniTგადამწერთათვის
gadamwerTaTvis- იმ _პირობით
im piro­
დაენიშნოთ მათ, რომ, - განსაზღვრული ექვსი საათის დღური
biT daeniSnoT maT, rom, _ gansazRvruli eqvsi saaTis dRuri muSaobis მუშაობის გარეშე,
ვალდებულნი არიან ყოველთვის,
gareSe, valdebulni arianროცა საჭიროებაroca
yovelTvis, მოითხოვს, ზედმეტიც
saWiroeba იმუშაონ და
moiTxovs, ამ
zed­
ზედმეტი მუშაობისათვის განსაკუთრებული გასამრჯელო არ მიეცემათ.
metic imuSaon da am zedmeti muSaobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli gasamr­
jeloასეთი
ar გახლავთ
miecemaT. 6-ე მუხლში დართული შენიშვნა. შემდეგი (კითხულობს).
aseTi gaxlavT 6-e muxlSi darTuli SeniSvna. Semdegi (kiTxulobs).

190
სტენოგრაფიული
7 1 1100 1100 13200 13200
7 ოქმების რედაქტ.
უფროსი

სტენოგრაფიული 1 950 950 11400 11400


ოქმების რედაქტ.
უმცროსი
სტენოგრაფიული
9 8 1100 8800 13200 105600
8 ოქმების შემდგენელი
ეკზეკუტორი
9 1 800 800 9600 9600
9
ეკზეკუტორის
1 1 650 650 7800 7800
10 თანაშემწე
ქვესტორი
1 1 1100 1100 13200 13200
11
ქვესტორის
1 1 900 900 10800 10800
12 თანაშემწე უფროსი

„...“ უმცროსი 1 800 800 9600 9600


1

ბუხჰალტერი
1 1 950 950 11400 11400
13
კანცელარიის
1 1 650 650 7800 7800
14 მოხელე
მორიგეობისათვის
ბიბლიოთეკის
1 გამგე 1 1000 1000 12000 12000
5
ბიბლიოთეკის
1 გამგ. 1 750 750 9000 9000
6 თანაშემწე
ამგვარად მთელი 41 - 38800 213500 465600
ჯამი გამოვა.

es aris damfuZnebel krebis 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxva.


3-me muxli uwindeli redaqciiT aseTi iyo: (kiTxulobs).
3. pirvelsa da meore muxlSi aRniSnul xarjTaRricxvis sisrule­
Si mosayvanad gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifos xazinidan ama 1919 wlis ian­
vris 1-dan wlis damlevamde sami milioni oras ocda sami aTas xuTas
aTi (3.223.510) man.
radganac Cven miviReT ukve 2-re muxlis Sesworeba, romliTac mxo­
lod Statebs vamtkicebT, amitom aqac SevitaneT cvlileba. amoiSle­
ba sityvebi meore muxlSi da darCeba ase: (kiTxulobs).
3. _ pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli xarjTaRricxvis sisruleSi mo­
sayvanad gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifos xazinidan ama 1919 wlis ianvris

191
1-dan wlis damlevamde sami milioni oras ocda sami aTas xuTas aTi
(3.223.510) man.
Tavmjdomare. vis nebavs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom sa­
boloo teqsti miRebuli iyos? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
Semdegi saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa
axal­cixis ambebis gamo. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

saboloo teqsti dam. kreb. dadgenilebisa


axalcixis ambebis gamo.

olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. saredaqcio komisiam aseTi cvlileba


Seitana. saTauri aseTi gaxldaT:

dadgenileba

axalcixis ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnil sagangebo komisiis


moxsenebis Sesaxeb.
axali redaqcia iqneba:

dadgenileba

axalcixis ambebis gamosakvlevad gagzavnili sagangebo komisiis


moxsenebis gamo.
sityva: Sesaxeb Seicvleba sityviT: gamo, moxsenebis gamo.
Semdeg. uwindeli redaqcia gaxldaT (kiTxulobs):
moismina ra sagangebo komisiis moxseneba axalcixis mazris Sesaxeb
da mTavrobis ganmarteba, damfuZnebeli kreba aRiarebs, rom aRniSnu­
li kuTxis dasamSvideblad saWiroa erTis mxriT energiuli brZola
moRalateTa winaaRmdeg, xolo meore mxriT demokratiul reforme­
bis cxovrebaSi gatareba.
am SemTxvevaSi, komisiam aseTive cvlileba Seitana. iyo: axalcixis
mazris Sesaxeb, Secvala sityviT: gamo. Semdeg Caumata sityvebi am sa-
ganze.
ase rom, axali redaqcia aseTia (kiTxulobs):
moismina ra sagangebo komisiis moxseneba axalcixis mazraSi mom­
xdari ambebis gamo da mTavrobis ganmarteba am saganze, damfuZnebe­
li kreba aRiarebs, rom aRniSnuli mxris dasamSvideblad saWiroa:
a) energiuli brZola moRalateTa winaaRmdeg, da b) demokratiuli
reformebis cxovrebaSi gatareba.
Semdeg Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: amisTvis damfuZnebeli kreba
avalebs mTavrobas.
1) miiRos zomebi administraciis mosawyobaT, raTa SesaZlebeli
gaxdes demokratiul reformebis, pirvel rigSi, miwis reformis cx­

192
ovrebaSi gatareba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul mcxovrebT daxmareba
sursaTis da xe-tyis masalebis miwodebiT.
saredaqcio komisiam moiRo Semdegi teqsti: amisaTvis damfuZnebe­
li kreba avalebs mTavrobas.
1) miiRos zomebi administraciis mosawyobad, raTa SesaZlebeli
gaxdes demokratiuli reformebis, maT Soris, pirvel rigSi, saadg­
il-mamulo reformis ganxorcieleba da aRmouCinos dazaralebul
mcxovrebT daxmareba sursaTis da xe-tyis masalis miwodebiT.
me-2-e muxli damfuZnebel krebam ase miiRo: (kiTxulobs).
2) droebiT, sanam gareSe safrTxe iqneba mosalodneli, dasto­
vos am mxareSi samxedro wesebi da momqmed samxedro da samoqalaqo
Zalebis SesaTanxmeblad dainiSnos Tavisi sagangebo rwmunebuli.
aq sityva „dainiSnos“ magivrad, vixmaroT sityva daniSnos _ sxva
cvlileba ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi am sab­
oloo teqstisa? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: gagrZeleba reglamentis ganxilvisa. si­
tyva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
iese baraTaSvili. Cven SevdeqiT me-12 muxlze da dRes unda wavi­
kiTxo mecamete.
Tavmjdomare. ese igi Tavi mesame, 13 paragrafi. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) Tavi me-III-e muxli.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT xma maRla.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) 13-38 muxlebs.
(xsenebuli muxlebi kenWis yriT miRebulia).
iese baraTaSvili (kiTxulobs 39 muxls) mmarTvelobis yovel dar­
gis moqmedebis gamosaZieblad, sareviziod Tu sxva miznisTvis dam­
fuZnebeli kreba airCevs gansakuTrebul komisias.
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis giorgi faRavas.
giorgi faRava. (s. -d.) social-demokratiul fraqcias am mux­
lSi Semoaqvs Semdegi Sesworeba. daematos bolos; „an pirs“ e. i.
iqneba: mmarTvelobis yoveli dargis moqmedebis gamosaZieblad,
sareviziod Tu sxva miznisTvis damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs gansa­
kuTrebul komisias.
Tavmjdomare. cota xma maRla Tu SeiZleba!
giorgi faRava. am muxliT igulisxmeba, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
garda imisa, rom uwevs kontrols mmarTvelobis sxva da sxva dargs,
imave dros, (vinaidan muxlSi amnairad aris naTqvami: sareviziod
Tu sxva miznisTvis) damfuZnebeli kreba TviT ereva mmarTvelobis
ganxorcielebaSi gansakuTrebul komisiis saxiT. Cven gvqonda aseTi
SemTxveva, rodesac amovirCieT sagangebo komisia axalcixis ambebis
gamosaZieblad. maSin am komisias miveciT ufleba dapatimrebisa da
saWiro zomebis miRebisa. maSasadame SeiZleba zogierT konkretiul
SemTxvevaSi aseTi ufleba mieces damfuZnebel krebis romelime pirs.

193
amitom soc. dem. fraqcias Semoaqvs Semdegi Sesworeba: 3-me muxls dae­
matos boloSi _ „an pirs“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am damatebis Sesaxeb? msurveli ar­
avin aris. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
baraTaSvili. Cven sawinaaRmdego araferi gvaqvs.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. miRebulia.
baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs 40-78 muxlebs).
xsenebuli muxlebi kenWis yriT miRebulia.
iese baraTaSvili. (kiTxulobs) 79 muxli. Tu naxevar saaTis gan­
mavlobaSi sxdomisTvis daniSnul dros Semdeg damfuZnebel krebis
ormocdaaT (50) wevrze naklebi Segrovda, Tavmjdomare acxadebs, rom
kreba ar Sesdga.
ilia nucubiZe. (s. r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis qvorumis
sakiTxi socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcias metad seriozul
sakiTxaT miaCnia. damfuZnebeli kreba aris mowodebuli daamyaros
safuZveli Cveni social-politikuri cxovrebisa man unda Seqmnas
konstitucia, romelic ramodenime aTeuli wlobiT gansazRvravs cx­
ovrebis mimdinareobis gezs da xasiaTs. aseT didmniSvnelovan sakiTx­
ebs swyvets damfuZnebeli kreba da aseTi sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi Tu
ori mesamedi ara, damfuZnebeli krebis naxevarma erTis mimatebiT
mainc unda miiRos monawileoba. es erTi. meore, moqalaqeno, TviT
Cven krebis wevrni, gansakuTrebuli mowodebiT da seriozobiT unda
movepyraT damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobas da rodesac mxolod erTi
mesamedi krebisa miiRebs sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi monawileobas, Cvenis
azriT es ar aris saqmisadmi seriozuli mopyroba. rodesac saTanado
yuradRebiT movepyrobiT Cvens muSaobaSi, rodesac sakiTxebis gad­
awyvetaSi miiRebs monawileobas krebis didi umetesoba damfuZnebe­
li kreba gaxdeba meti populiaruli da hpoebs samkvidrebels xalxis
fsixologiaSi. am mosazrebiT socialist-revoliucionerTa fraq­
cia moiTxovs, rom ormocda aTis magivrad qvorums Seadgendes samoc­
da eqvsi.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
niniZes.
kirile niniZe: batonebo, es Sesworeba metic iqneba, imitom rom
Cveulebriv miRebulia, roca absoliuturi umravlesoba aris, maSin
qvorumic aris. ise rom amis Setana sruliad meti iqneba. da Tu Cven
reglamentiT sul sxvanairad vfiqrobT gansazRvras. es ar vici.
aq Cven gvamoqmedebs sul sxva, wminda praqtikuli mosazreba. Te­
oreTiulaT rasakvirvelia, Cven ar SegviZlian ar daveTanxmoT eser­
ebis gancxadebas, rom rac SeiZleba metni daeswren sxdomas. Tu yvela
wevri daeswreba sxdomas, es ukeTesi iqneba, magram saqme SemdegSia:
Cven ukve miviReT erTi kanoni, Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebis wevrobis
SeTavsebisa. (xma: SeuTavseblobisa) SeuTavseblobis Sesaxeb ki ara,
SeTavsebis Sesaxeb, radgan Cven dauSviT, rom damfuZnebel krebis wev­

194
rad SeiZleba iyvnen adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa gamgeobis wev­
rebi, ministrebi, maTi amxanagebi, elCebi, profesorebi da sxvebi. exla
Tu Tqven miiRebT mxedvelobaSi (Sengelaia: ramdeni iqnebian sul?)
Tavmjdomare: gTxovT adgilidan nu laparakobT.
niniZe: ar vici ramdeni iqnebian, magram Cven es kanoni miviReT ukve,
da raki es kanoni miviReT Cven exla aqedan unda gamovdiodeT. Tu es
kanoni ZalaSi darCeba, Cven ar SegviZlian vivaraudoT, rom Cveule­
briv gveyoleba absoliuturi umravlesoba, 66 ki aris absoliuturi
umravlesoba. me sworeT amitom mimaCnia saWirod, rom darCes 50 wev­
ri. es iqneba, garemoebisa da drois mixedviT.
arsebiTad social-revoliucionerebis winadadeba gamodis kar­
gi survilidan, magram es moaswavebs pirdapir sabotaJs, imitom, rom
absoliuturi umravlesoba ar gveyoleba. (xma: Tqvenze aris damok­
idebuli!) Tqvenze aris damokidebuli, aba gadaxedeT ramdeni wevrni
varT, da Tqven ramdeni % gakliaT!
am mosazrebiT Cven saWiroT migvaCnia, rom darCes 50 wevri.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. sityva ekuTvnis momx­
senebels.
iese baraTSvili: komisiaSi am sakiTxma gamoiwvia kamaTi da xmis
umravlesobiT ese gadaswyda. me mgoni rom es sakiTxi cxadia da naTe­
li, amas ar sWiria ganmarteba. rogorc damfuZnebeli kreba inebebs
ise moviqceviT. komisiam ki miiRo 50.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. Sesworeba gaxlavT 50 ma­
givraT 66. Sesworeba aseTi iqneba: (kiTxulobs) Tu naxevar saaTis gan­
mavlobaSi, sxdomisTvis daniSnul dros Semdeg damfuZnebel krebis 66
wevrze naklebi Segrovda, Tavmjdomare acxadebs, rom kreba ar Sesdga.
vin aris Sesworebis momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame
uaryofilia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlisa? aravin. maSasadame miRe­
bulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
baraTaSvili (kiTxulobs: 80-180 muxlebs).
Tavmjdomare. saerToT uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts. vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? miRebulia. da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
exla, neba miboZeT, gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze. social-demokrati­
ul fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba mcire komisiebis arCevis Sesaxeb.
winadadebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis raJden arseniZes!

soc. dem. fraqc. winadadeba mcire komisiis


daarsebis Sesaxeb.

raJden arseniZe (s. _ d.) batonebo, mTavari daniSnuleba damfuZneb­


el krebis gaxlavT is, rom moawyos is aparati, romelic uZRveba mTel
saxelmwifos. es aris misi erTi udidesi saqmeTTagani. da is erTis
mxriv imuSavebs konstitucias, meores mxriv unda Seqmnas pirobebi

195
am konstituciis cxovrebaSi gasatareblad da pirveli nabiji Cve­
ni organiuli muSaobisa aqeTken unda iyos mimarTuli. mogexsenebaT,
rom erTi mTavari principTagani Cveni aRmasrulebeli organosi _
mTavrobisa, romelsac iziarebs damfuZnebeli kreba, iyo gamartiveba
mmarTvelobisa da gamartiveba da gaadvileba im aparatis muSaobisa,
romelmac cxovrebaSi unda gaataros Cveni dadgenilebani. imisTvis,
rom gamartiveba ufro saswrafod swarmoebdes, ufro wesieraT da
rigianaT moxdes, saWiroa gamoirkves dRes, _ ras akeTeben is moxeleni
da is dawesebulebani, romelnic saTaveSi udganan Cvens respublikas.
es aris pirveli nabiji imisTvis, rom gavigoT, ra muSaoba swarmoebs
iq, ra keTdeba, ris gakeTeba SeiZleba, ramdenaT rTuli da farToa es
samuSao, romelic maT awevT kiserze, da ramdenaT SesaZlebelia mox­
eleebis ufro naklebi ricxviT am samuSaoebis Sesruleba. Cven gvgo­
nia, xSirad zedmeti ricxvi aseT moxeeleebisa ara Tu ar uwyobs xels
warmoebis siswrafes, piriqiT xels uSlis; egred wodebuli kance­
liarSCina viTardeba imiT, rom mravali ricxvi moxeleebisa TviTon
iCens saqmes, erT kuTxidan meore kuTxeSi agzavnian qaRaldebs, iwye­
ben miwer-moweras, gadaweras, da yvela amis gamo ferxdeba muSaoba da
saqmis gakeTeba. am Jamad, yvelaze sasurvelia revizia daviwyoT mTav­
robis uwyebidan, mTavrobis centralur dawesebulebidan. me mgonia,
gansakuTrebuli uflebis micema komisiisTvis saWiro ar aris, radga­
nac Cven aq ar gvaqs raime borot-moqmedebasTan saqme, romelsac unda
vebrZoloT da romelic unda aRmovfxvraT specialur RonisZiebis
miRebiT. aq unda gamoirkves, ra umuSavnia mTavrobas warsulSi. ga­
moirkves, mTeli is aparati, romelic dagvitoves Zveli wyobilebis
moxeleebma; am moxeleebis revizia gamoarkvevs maT saqmianobas da moq­
medebis unars, aRnusxavs da gaiTvaliswinebs, rogori reorganizacia
iqneba saWiro am dawesebulebisa, rom ufro martivad, swrafad da
cocxlaT swarmoebdes maTi muSaoba. amisTvis me mgoni saWiro iqneba
im didma komisiebma, romelnic Cven avirCieT TviTeul dawesebulebi­
sTvis, Tavis wreSi gamoyos mcire ricxovani komisia, ori sami pirisa­
gan. es ori sami piri savsebiT sakmarisi iqneba imisTvis, rom revizia
moaxdinon TviTeul centralur dawesebulebaSi. Semdeg Cven albad
dagvWirdeba aseTi reviziis gagzavna provinciaSi adgilobriv dawe­
sebulebis sarevizioT, magram iq iqneba saWiro specialuri komisia,
vinaidan iq gagzavnilni damfuZnebel krebis wevrni droebiT unda mo­
Sorden damfuZnebel krebis muSaobas. es iqneba specialuri komisia,
droebiT gagzavnili sxva da sxva alagebSi. aseTi specialuri komisia
ar davinaxeT saWirod aq, imitom, rom mudmivi komisiebi gvyvavs, ro­
melnic gamoyofen mcire komisiebs, da dResve gagzavnian sareviziod
saTanado dawesebulebaSi; rodesac Semova Statebi, ufro garkveu­
li iqnebian am sakiTxSi da amnairad mokle droSi, SevZlebT saboloo
Statebis damuSavebas yvela dawesebulebisaTvis. da me mgoni, rom es
marTva gamgeobis sistemisTvis ufro met sargeblobas moitans. ai es

196
aris mTavari azri da mizani winadadebis, rom mieces winadadeba Cven
komisiebs aseTi mcire komisiebi gamoyon. rac Seexeba instruqciebs,
Cven vambobT, rom instruqciebs daimuSaveben TviTon komisiebi. ai
ratom, TviTeul uwyebas aqvs mravalnairi gansakuTrebuli Tviseba
da xasiaTi, da ar SeiZleba erTnairi revizia gauwios safinanso dawe­
sebulebas, da romelime administraciul dawesebulebas. sul sxva da
sxva saxisa da xasiaTis muSaoba swarmoebs erTsa da meoreSi. amitom
Cven gvgonia, saTanado komisia ufro daaxlovebulia ama Tu im dawe­
sebulebasTan, romelis saqmeebs ixilavs, da saTanado instruqcias
zogad xasiaTisas ufro advilad miscems mcire komisias. Semdeg al­
bad mcire komisia Tavis gamokvlevas Seitans imave did komisiaSi gan­
saxilvelad, rom man ganixilos farToT, da Tu rame sayuradRebo da
sagulisxmo aris damfuZnebel krebas moaxseneben. es iqneba xarjT-aR­
ricxvis damuSavebis dros, Statebis damuSavebis dros. es gamoix­
ateba im kamaTSi da debatebSi, romelic TviTeul xarjT-aRricxvis
ganxilvis dros, albad iqneba damfuZnebel krebaSi. ai am mosazrebiT
gvgonia, rom es debuleba savsebiT misaRebia da dasamtkicebeli dam­
fuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. -d.) batonebo! Cvenis azriT es winadadeba im
saxiT, ra saxiTac is aq aris Semotanili, miuRebelia. Cveni mosazreba
Semdegi aris. rogorc mogexsenebaT social-demokratiuli fraqci­
is mier Semotanili sakanonmdeblo winadadeba moiTxovs, rom yvela
komisiebma, romlebic arCeulia damfuZnebeli krebis mier, gamoyon
TavianT Semadgenlobidan mcire komisiebi. winadadebis, Tanaxmad am
mcire komisiebs daekisrebaT sakontrolo funqciebi. Cven vfiqrobT,
rom swored es aris miuRebeli.
Cven viciT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba, romelsac xelT upyria res­
publikis mTeli Zala-ufleba, aris imave dros respublikis umaRlesi
kontroliori. kontrolis ufleba aris erTi umaRlesi da umniS­
vnelovanesi uflebaTagani da ra Tqma unda, aseT uflebas damfuZnebe­
li kreba gadascems sagangebo calke komisias, romelsac eqneba mudmi­
vi xasiaTi da ara raRac mcire komisiebs.
mcire komisia SeiZleba arCeul iqnes, ase vsTqvaT, ad hoc raime
texnikuri saWiroebisaTvis, aq ki saWiro aris ase Tu ise mudmivi
aparati, romelic kontrols gauwevs centralur dawesebulebebs.
aq ar aris agreTve gamorkveuli, Tu ramdeni iqneba es mcire
komisiebi, an ra principze iqneba eseni agebuli, amas ki didi mniSvn­
eloba aqvs.
Cvenis azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia yovelma komisiam gamoyos
mcire komisia da mas kontroli daavalos. magaliTad, Cven avirCieT
sareglamento, samandato da sxva komisiebi. axla Tqven warmoidgenT,
rogor SeiZleba sareglamento komisiam airCios mcire komisia an vis
unda gaukeTos man kontroli? cxadia, es uazroba iqneboda.

197
Semdeg amisa ar aris gamorkveuli principi, Tu rogor unda Ses­
dges es mcire komisia, rasac, rogorc mogaxseneT, udidesi mniSvnelo­
ba aqvs. samarTlianoba da saqmis interesi moiTxovs, rom sakantrolo
komisia iyos Sedgenili ara ise, rogorc mag. komisiebia Semdgari. mag.
Cvens komisiebSi, sadac 10 kaci aris, Svidi social-demokrati aris,
xolo danarCen partiebs yavs TiTo TiTo warmomadgeneli.
vsTqvaT, rom mcire komisia airCies. Tu Zveli ZalTa ganwyobileba
darCa, SeiZleba sxva fraqciis warmomadgeneli srulebiT ver gaxdes,
ase rom sakontrolo komisiaSi iqneba mxolod umravlesobis fraqcia,
kontrolis interesi ki moiTxovs, rom umravlesobas hyavdes yvelaze
naklebi warmomadgeneli.
am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ori winadadeba miviRoT: an Tanaswori
warmomadgenloba yvela fraqciisa, anda kidev ufro samarTliani
iqneboda, rom umravlesobis partias yvelaze naklebi warmomadgenle­
bi hyavdes, Tu es ase ar iqna, maSin gamova, rom social-demokratiuli
sakontrolo komisia kontrols gaukeTebs isev social-demokratiul
mTavrobas da mis saministroebs da amnairad kontrols yovelgvari
azri daekargeba.
Tavmjdomare. Cawerili aravin aris. me kenWs uyri. winadadeba
gaxlavT aseTi (baraTaSvili sityvas Txoulobs). sityva ekuTvnis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.) kiTxva, rom saWiroa kontroli, da amis
ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, me mgonia udavoa da yvelasgan miRe­
buli. magram proeqti, warmodgenili social-demokratiul fraqci­
is mier ar aris mizanSewonili. azri aseTia, arsebul komisiebma ga­
mohyon mcire komisiebi. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom arsebul komisiebs
didi samuSao aqvT. me veWob rom am patara, mcire komisiebma Seasru­
lon axali davaleba. revizia kontroli ubralo saqme ar aris, arc
ubralo sagania. unda moandomon didi dro, gaakeTon faqtiuri revi­
zia da Tu naklulovanoba aRmoCnda _ moifiqron rogor gamoakeTon
da gamoasworon saqme. yvela dawesebulebebs und adevnon Tvalyuri
da sxva. Cven vambobT, mcire komisia ver SesZlebs amas. Tu miaqceven
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas marto reviziis, kontrolis sakiTx­
ebs, maSin mosalodnelia nayofieri Sedegi. maT aRar darCebaT dro
kanon-proektebis SesamuSaveblad; ori movaleobis da davalebis Ses­
ruleba. Znelia. amisdamixedviT an unda moematos ricxvi am komisieb­
sa an ara da gansakuTrebuli sxva da sxva komisiebi unda avirCioT.
mosazrebani damfuZnebeli krebis wevris Sengelaiasi swore ar aris.
erTi komisiis aCeva ar SeiZleba. sxva da sxva dargebia da erTi komisia
ver gauZRveba, winadadebaa, an ricxvi arsebul komisiebisa unda gavam­
ravloT da iqidan gamovyoT mcire komisiebi, an sxva da sxva komisiebi
davaarsoT da aRvWurvoT revizoris da kontrolioris uflebebiT.
meore mosazreba, sruliad samarTliania. am komisiebSi Tanasworobis
principi unda iyos SemoRebuli.

198
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) sakvirvel winaRmdegobiT Sexvdnen aseT
ubralo da martiv winadadebas. Cemi azriT, es pirdapir gansacvi­
frebelia. komisiebs, romelic arCeulia damfuZnebeli krebis mier,
Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, aqvs amisTana kontrolis ufleba, da aravis
eWvic ar unda ebadebodes, rom komisiebs, romelic avirCieT, sruli
ufleba da saSualeba aqvT mividnen sxva da sxva dawesebulebebSi,
yvela dawesebulebebis saqmianobis da Sromis unari gamoarkvion,
Cven roca SemovitaneT es winadadeba, _ es imisTvis, rom daaCqaron
komisiebma es saqme, dauyovnebliv moawyon es revizia: es aris saWiro
centralur dawesebulebis, maTi moxeleebis saboloo Statebis Ses­
amuSaveblad. Cven viciT, rom Zalian male Semoitanen Statebis xar­
jT aRricxvas damfuZnebel krebaSi, Statebi iqneba aRnusxuli da
Cven davamtkicebT, da roca am Statebs davamtkicebT, Tqven Tu maSin
SeudeqiT Statebis revizias, es nagvianebi iqneba. Cven gvgonia, rom
es unda moxdes winaswar, rom komisia Cven mier arCeuli, winaswar
SeimuSavebs instruqcias, gagzavnis Tavis wevrebs ama Tu im dawese­
bulebaSi an saqmis mosagvareblaT. es metad martivi sagania. rasak­
virvelia sul sxvaa, rodesac gavgzavniT sxva da sxva sakontrolo
dawesebulebaSi, magaliTad quTaisSi. Tu quTaisidan an cnoba mog­
viva, an masala gveqneba, rom borot-moqmedeba xdeba, uwesoeba swar­
moebs, an rigianad ar swarmoebs saqme, eseT SemTxvevaSi igzavneba Cven
mier arCeuli komisia, rogorc Cven magaliTad gavgzavneT axalcixe­
Si. Tu mudmivi komisia daarsda, maSin komisia dakargavs Tavis nam­
dvil mniSvnelobas, namdvil Tavis xasiaTs. yvela SeeCveva imas ise,
rogorc, moxeles. romelic yovel dRes gaivlis da gamoivlis Tav­
is dawesebulebaSi. me vambob, revizias Tavisi umaRlesi specialuri
daniSnuleba da mniSvneloba aqvs. maSin, rodesac igi xdeba gansa­
kuTrebuli mizniT. am Jamad, iseT ubralo martiv saqmisTvis, gvinda
komisia, da ara gansakuTrebuli ramisaTvis. TiTqos didi ubedureba
trialebdes, qveyana ingreodes, _ aq ubralo, normaluri parlamen­
turi muSaoba warmoebs, saWiroa Statebis Semcireba, saWiroa ga­
morkveva ramdenad aucilebelia esa Tu is raodenoba Statisa ama Tu
im saqmeSi, da amisTvis nu Tu specialuri reviziaa saWiro, da isic
paritetul, da sxva axal safuZvelze damyarebuli? es zedmetia da
sityvis masalaT aris aq motanili.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi damTavrebulia. me kenWs uyri winadadebebs.
rogorc mogexsenebaT ori winadadeba aris Semotanili: erTi krebis
wevris arseniZis mier, meore socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis
mier. me kenWs uyri eserebis winadadebas, rom iyos erTi mudmivi komis­
ia. vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? winadadeba uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre meore winadadebisa? miRebuli gaxlavT social-­
demokratebis fraqciis winadadeba.
Semdegi da ukanaskneli sakiTxi gaxlavT komisiebis arCeva.

199
unda mogaxsenoT, rom prezidiumi gTxovT, rac SeiZleba saCqarod
airCioT sabiblioTeko komisa.
vis surs am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sityva aiRos? sityva ekuTvnis parla­
mentis wevrs CixlaZes.
rafiel CixlaZe. (s.-d.) social-demokratiuli fraqcia iZleva
winadadebas, rom dRes arCeuli iqmnes ori komisia: sameurneo da sabib­
lioTeko.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am winadadebisa? es winadadeba
miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT daasaxeloT ramdeni wevrni iqneba sameur­
neo da sabiblioTeko komisiebSi.
rafiel CixlaZe. sameurneo komisiaSi iqneba 7 wevri da sabib­
lioTekoSiac.
Tavmjdomare. sxva winadadeba ar aris. maSasadame sabiblioTeko
da sameurneo iqnebian 7-7 wevri. gTxovT daasaxeloT wevrebi.
rafiel CixlaZe. (s. d.) Cveni fraqcia sabiblioTeko komisiaSi
asaxelebs Semdeg pirebs: olRa soloRaSvilis asuls, pavle biuls,
nikifore imnaiSvils da leonti ruxaZes.
Tavmjdomare. sameurneoSi?
rafiel CixlaZe. sameurneoSi _ Semdeg pirebs: anania saluqvaZes,
sardion TevzaZes, ilia kopaleiSvils da vasil wulaZes.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT, sxva fraqciebi vis asaxeleben.
mdivani (kiTxulobs). sameurneo komisiaSi
soc. fed. fraqcia asaxelebs: ioseb gedevaniSvils.
soc. rev. fraqcia _ ivane gobeCias.
erovnul demokratTa _ aleqsandre asaTians.
sabiblioTeko komisiaSi asaxeleben:
social-fed. fraqcia: Salva nucubiZes.
soc.-revoliuc. _ ilia nucubiZes.
erovnul-demokratTa _ eqvTime TayaiSvils.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebu­li
aris.
moiTmineT cnoba mogaxsenoT. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs):
soc.-demok. fraqciis gancxadeba. soc. demokratiuli fraqcia
gzaTa komisiaSi m. xoWolavas magier asaxelebs ivane WavWaniZes.

dam. krebis Semdegi sxdoma

Tavmjdomare. sxva sakiTxebi ar aris. gnebavT exla gadaswyvitoT


rodis Sesdgeba Semdegi kreba? (arseniZe: miendos prezidiums!)
sxva winadadeba ar aris. krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba 2 saaTsa da 40 wuTze.

200
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

mecxre sxdoma

1919 weli. aprilis 11. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 s. 40 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

komisiaSi gadasacemi kanonproeqti.

finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanonproeqti _ qu­


TaisSi pirvel xarisxovan sabaJos daarsebisa.
gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. saboloo teqsti _ damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebisa cen­


tralur dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis mcire komisiebis daarsebisa.
2. kanonproeqti _ saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureTaT­
vis avansis micemisa.

201
3. proeqti dekretisa qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze akrZalvis
dadebisa.
4. kanonproeqti _ saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxure­
Ta­ salikvidacio Semweobis kanonis (1918 w. ivlisis 5-s) me-2 muxlis
Secvlisa.
5. wesi damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebul kanonisa, dekretisa
da dadgenilebis gamoqveynebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb? msurveli
aravin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi dRiuri wesrigis damtkicebisa? wi­
naaRmdegi aravin aris, _ dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa centralur
dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis mcire komisiebis daarsebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebisa


centralur dawesebulebaTa reviziisaTvis
mcire komisiis daarsebisa.

q-ni olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. warsul sxdomaze, Tanaxmad so­


cial-demokratiul fraqciis winadadebisa, damfuZnebelma krebam ga­
moitana dadgenileba uwyebaTa da centralur dawesebulebaTa revi­
ziisTvis mcire komisiebis daarsebisa. saredaqcio komisias arsebiTi
cvlileba ar Seutania. man Seitana mxolod stilistiuri cvlilebe­
bi, Camoayaliba da miiRo Semdegi redaqcia:
(kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare: surs Tu ara vismes sityva? msurveli aravin aris.
saboloo teqsti miRebuli gaxlavT. Semdeg kanon-proeqti mosamsax­
ureTaTvis avansis micemis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels kre­
bis wevrs WiabriSvils.

kanonproeqti saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa


mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis micemisa.

andro WiabriSvili. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis


Semdeg zogierT dawesebulebebSi iqmna SemuSavebuli axali Statebi,
da es Statebi ramodenimed iyo Sefardebuli arsebul mdgomareobas­
Tan, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo ramodenimed mainc dakmayofilebu­
liyvnen mosamsaxureni, magram yvelaze ar iyo gavrcelebuli aseTi
normebis SemuSaveba, am Statis SemuSaveba. am Statis SemoRebis dros,
aseTi normebis SemuSaveba. zogierT dawesebulebebSi, gansakuTrebiT
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis mosamsaxureni, aseT normas ascdnen, isi­
ni darCnen isev Zvel pirobebSi da Rebulobdnen jamagirs im normebiT,

202
romelic iyo miRebuli TiTqmis 1918 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. gare­
moeba Zalian mZime iyo, mdgomareoba Zalian gaWirvebuli da amitom
Zalian xSirad ismoda xolme xmebi, rom saWiro aris maTi materialur
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba jamagirebis momatebiT. magram gaTvalis­
winebuli iyo is garemoebac, rom jamagirebis momatebiT faqtiurad
ver kmayofildebian mosamsaxureebi, imitom rom jamagirebis momate­
bas Tan sdevs TiTqmis maSinaTve sursaTis gaZvireba da rogorc mTel
am omis ganmavlobaSi, agreTve am revoliuciis drosac jamagirebi
versad ver eweodnen im siZvires, romelic TandaTan viTardeboda.
amitom Sromis saministros maSinaTve hqonda gadawyvetili, rom ara
jamagirebis momatebiT gaeumjobesebina mdgomareoba mosamsaxureebi­
sa, aramed gamoenaxa saSualeba, rom daekmayofilebina mosamsaxureebi
sursaTiT. _ iaf sursaTis miwodebiT. am mizniT iyo mTavrobis mier
gadadebuli _ 2 milioni maneTi, rom moewyo saxelmwifo mosamsaxu­
reebisTvis iafi sursaTis miwodeba, magram vinaidan ver moxerxda gan­
sakuTrebiT iseT kargi organizaciis mowyoba, rom amiT SesaZlebeli
yofiliyo dakmayofileba mosamsaxureebisa im fasebiT, romelnic maT
hqondaT aqamdis, amitom daisva sakiTxi, rom moematebinaT jamagirebi
mosamsaxureebisTvis, magram moematebinaT ise ki ara, rogorc aqamdis
xdeboda, _ TiToeuli dawesebuleba SeimuSavebda Tavis normas, anda
romelime profesionaluri kavSiri Semoitanda Tavis normas calke
da amis gayvanas Txoulobda, es erTgvar arevdarevas iwvevda da ami­
tom Sromis saministrom gadaswyvita, rom Seitanos erTgvari sistema
imaSi, rom Seegrovebina, Seekrifa, saTanado masalebi imisda mixed­
viT, romel raionebSi rogori aris cxovrebis pirobebi da am gvarad
SeemuSavebinaT wesi, Tu rogor da vin unda iyos dakmayofilebuli
jamagiriT. ra Tqma unda sruliad ar anebebda Tavs amasTan erTad
Sromis saministro im azrsac, rom ueWvelad unda moewyo ekonomiuri
organizacia iaf sursaTis miwodebisTvis. Sromis saministros ukve
aqvs masalebi Segrovili da scdilobs, rom axlo momavalSi, Seqmnas
normebi am saxelmwifo mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis raodenobis gan­
sazRvrisTvis. amisTvis mas aqvs ganzraxuli, rom jer erTi is uxerx­
uli mdgomareoba, romelic am revoliuciis dros Seiqmna, rom yvela
dargis mosamsaxureni, _ umaRles administraciis moxeleebis mova­
leobas asrulebdnen Tu dabali mosamsaxureebis movaleobas, TiTqmis
erTnairad iyvnen dakavSirebulni, da erTmaneTze erTgvar gavlenas
axdendnen da xSirad ereodnen kidec im sakiTxebSi Tu vis rogori ja­
magiri daeniSneboda. es ki qmnida erTgvar uxerxul mdgomareobas,
ris gamoc Sromis saministros ganzraxuli aqvs am masalebis Segrove­
bisTanve administratiuli mosamsaxureni, _ umaRles postze myofni,
ueWvelad gamoyofilni iyvnen calke kategoriaT dabali mosamsax­
ureebisagan, Tu gind erTi romelime dargisa vsTqvaT, remingtonis
manqanaze momuSavarni yofiliyvnen dayofilni ramodenime kategori­
aT, imitom rom miuxedavaT imisa rom TviTeuli maTgani muSaobs erT

203
da imave manqanaze, maTi muSaobis nayofi sxva da sxvanairia, da erTnai­
ri jamagris micema, Sromis saministros azriT, sruliad Seuferebe­
lia, radganac sxva da sxva nayofs iRebs is maTi namuSavari. rogorc
mogaxseneT agreTve miRebulia raionebze dayofa, radganac sxva da
sxva raionebSi es siZvire sxva da sxva xasiaTisa aris da amisdamixed­
viT, ra Tqma unda, jamagirebis raodenobac ganisazRvreba. jamagirebi
sxva da sxva nairi iqneba sxva da sxva raionebSi, magram manamdis yvela
es zomebi iqnebian damuSavebulni, es normebi Sedgenili da damuSave­
bulni, warmodgenili damfuZnebeli krebis misaRebad, da dasamtkice­
blad, minamdis mosamsaxureTa mdgomareoba saSineli gaWivrebuli
aris, da amitom Sromis saministro Semovida winadadebiT damfuZneb­
el krebaSi, vinaidan mTavrobas ara nakleb erTi Tvisa dasWirdeba am
yvela masalebis sistemaSi moyvanisTvis, da amisdamixedviT am norme­
bis gansazRvrisTvis, mosamsaxureni ki saSinel gaWivrebas ganicdian,
rom TviTeul mosamsaxures, romelsac ar miuRia 1919 wels 1 ianvri­
dan jamagiris momateba _ mieces TviTeuls 300 man. im pirobiT rom
rodesac es normebi iqneba SemuSavebuli da jamagiric axali normebis
Tanaxmad miecemaT, es avansi iqnes gamoricxuli am momaval damatebiTi
jamagirebidan, romelic maT miecemaT.
es aris azri am winadadebisa, romeliTac Semovida Sromis samin­
istro. safinanso sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es winadadeba da dae­
Tanxma savsebiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTod kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb? si­
tyva aravis surs. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
andro WiabriSvili (kiTxulobs.)
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures.
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac miiRes jamagirebis momateba ama
wlis ianvris Semdeg avansad samasi maneTi TviTeuls.

Sromis ministris amxanagis gancxadeba.

g. eraZe. Cven vTxoulobT, rom am pirvel muxlSi iyos Semdegi Ses­


woreba, iq sadac naTqvami aris: „300 man. TviTeuls,“ Caematos Semdegi:
„mozardi da mcire wlovan mosamsaxureT ki, romlebic iReben jamagirs
ara umetes 270 man. mieces avansis raodenobis naxevari e. i. 150 man.“
amas imiTi vasabuTebT, rom saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi arian mo­
zardi, mcire wlovanni, romelnic muSaoben qaRaldebis waReb-wamoRe­
baSi da imdenad ar arian gaWivrebulni, rogorc col-Svilis patroni,
romelnic iReben 250-500 man. radganac es avansi gvinda Cven umTavre­
sad misTvis, rom isini gamoviyvanoT aseT ekonomiur gaWivrebisagan,
da mcire wlovanebi imdenad gaWivrebulni ar arian, radganac Sead­
genen wevrebs ojaxebisas, romlebSiac sxva mSromlebic arian da iqne­
ba xSirad sxvis namuSavriT scxovroben.

204
Tavmjdomare. damatebiTi moxsenebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva?
momxsenebeli. me araferi ar maqvs am damatebis winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am winadadebisa? vin aris winaaRm­
deg? vin Seikava Tavi? damateba miRebuli gaxlavT. kenWs uyri am mux­
ls damatebiT. vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? Tavi vin Seika­
va? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT me 2 muxli.
a. WiabriSvili. (kiTxulobs.) miendos finansTa ministrs gaiRos
1-l muxlSi moxsenebuli avansi ama wlis kreditis gauxsnelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
kenWs uyri mTel kanonproeqts.
vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi proeqti aris qalaqebSi dausaxelebel miwebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels kirile niniZes.

proeqti dekretisa qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze


akrZalvis dadebisa.

kirile niniZe. batonebo! aseTi aris proeqti dekretisa qalaqeb­


Si dausaxlebel miwebze akrZalvis dadebisa. azri am dekretisa
Semdegia. Cven agraruli reformis gatareba cxovrebaSi ar dagvi­
mTavrebia. soflis Sesaxeb Cven gvaqvs kanoni, romelic tardeba cx­
ovrebaSi, da rom am kanon-proeqtis ganxorcielebas xeli ar SeS­
loda winaswar, SarSan TebervalSi, amierkavkasiis komisiariatma
gamosca dekreti, romelic exeboda soflis miwebis Tavisufal mox­
marebas. am dekretiT SezRuduli iyo da aris dResac miwebis yid­
va-gayidva, dagiraveba, an ijariT gacema. im xasiaTis miwebi, romel­
ic aris sofelSi, iseTi miwebi, romelzedac ara aqvT arc Senobebi,
arc raime samrewvelo dawesebulebani, ese igi swored im katego­
riis miwebi, romelic sofelSi aris, aris agreTve qalaqebis saz­
RvrebSi, da ai saWiro iyo, rom am miwebis bedi kanoniT ase Tu ise
gansazRvruli yofiliyo. mosalodnelia Semdegi: erTi is, rom gad­
awydes am miwebis bedi, romelic dasatovebeli normis zeviT aris,
Tundac qalaqis farglebSi. winaswar ar vwyvetT am miwebis beds, ar
vexebiT im sakiTxs, Tu ra saxiT iqneba ganxorcielebuli es CamorT­
meva, iqneba fasiT Tu ufasoT, Tu raime sxva saSualebiT. amis gan­
sazRvras ar vexebiT, mxolod Cven mxedvelobaSi viRebT imas, rom
momavalSi raime kanoni am miwebis Sesaxeb unda iyos gamocemuli, da
winaswar rom am miwebis partonebma sxva da sxvanairad ar isarge­
blon TavisuflebiT da es miwebi ar Caayenon iseT mdgomiarebaSi,
rom Semdeg am kanonis ganxorcieleba aRar SeiZlebodes, ai amitom
Cven vfiqrobT droebiT aRvkrZaloT aseTi cariela miwebis Tavisu­
fali gankarguleba da sargebloba. saerTo dekrets amier-kavkasi­
is komisiariatisas ar vavrcelebT qalaqze. imitom, rom aq saerTod

205
akrZalulia miwis sxvaze gadacema, miuxedavaT misi raodenobisa da
Cven, rom es CavidinoT, amiT xels SeuSliT mrewvelobis ganviTare­
bas; amitom Cven igi davtoveT, da vRebulobT aseT mosazrebas, aseTi
principi gvaqs: erTi is, rom Tu dasaxlebuli aris mamuli, aris zed
Senoba samrewvelo raime dargis muSaoba, am miwebs ar vexebiT, mx­
olod vexebiT cariel teritorias, visac erT desetinaze meti aqvs,
saerTod erT desetinaze naklebs, Tundac is carieli iyos, dekreti
ar zRudavs, da es dekreti saSualebas miscems miwis patrons, Tu
survili eqneba, an saxli aaSenos, an savaWro dawesebuleba, an sxva
rame moawyos, danarCen SemTxvevaSi ki Cven vfiqrobT, rom am momaval
kanonis molodinSi es dekreti unda miviRoT. maSasadame winaswari
zomebi gansazRvruli aris. ai aseTia am kanon-proeqtis, am dekretis
deda azri. es aris droebiTi, radganac Cven vfiqrobT, rom saWiroa
axlo momavalSi gamoices kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs am cariel
miwebis beds. sxvaTaSoris aq mxedvelobaSi misaRebia kidev munici­
palitetebis interesi. Cven viciT, rom qalaqTa kavSiris krebulma
gamosTqves survili, rom maT mieceT saSualeba zogierTi miwebiT
isargeblon Tavisi samunicipalo politikisTvis, da ai am mosazre­
biT Cven vfiqrobT, rom zogierTi miwebi iqneba SenarCunebuli moma­
vali qalaqis meurneobisTvis am dekretis ZaliT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia (s.-r.) batonebo! aq warmodgenili kanon-proeqti
erTxel kidev adasturebs im usistemobas, im qaotiur mdgomareo­
bas, romelSiac imyofeboda mTeli Cveni agraruli kanonmdebloba.
is agraruli reforma, romelsac social-dimokratia cxovrebaSi at­
arebs imdenaT usistemo da uprincipo aris, rom misi gamarTleba da
dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia.
social-demokratiuli agraruli reforma ar aris dasabuTebu­
li da gamarTlebuli arc momentis revoliucionuri dafasebiT, arc
revoliuciis xasiaTis swori mogebiT da arc sasoflo meurneobis
revoliuciis kanonebis codniTa da swori gaTvaliswinebiT.
mogexsnebaT, revoliuciis procesSi social-demokratias agra­
ruli programa daekarga.
xangrZlivi yoymanisa da ryevisa Semdeg social-demokratiam SeTx­
za axali programa, romelSic SeaerTa SeuerTebeli cnobani da ufle­
bani, romelSic erTad moaTavsa municipalizacia da nacionalizacia,
socializacia da miwebis auqcionSi gayidva, SeaerTa revoliucia da
reaqcia.
amasobaSi b. miwaTmoqmedebis ministrs daaviwyda, rom miwebi qa­
laqSiac aris da ai mxolod axla, revoliuciis ori wlis Semdeg Se­
moaqvs dekreti, romliTac akrZaluli unda iqnes qalaqis miwebis gay­
idva. gamodis TiTqos qalaqsa da sofel Soris araviTari kavSiri ar
aris, TiTqos SeiZlebodes agraruli reforma soflad gavataroT da
imave dros qalaqebi sruliad daviviwyod. agraruli reforma unda

206
iyos erTi mTliani procesi, amas ki Cven ver vxedavT mTels agrarul
sakanonmdeblo SemoqmedebaSi.
am patara kanonproeqtsac igive kompromisuli xasiaTi aqvs.
am saTaurSi sweria „droebiTo“ ratom mainc da mainc droebiTi?
Cven gvesmis, es sityva, es fraza, rom revoliuciis pirvel dReebSi
gvexmara, kidev iqneboda azri, magram dRes, rodesac revoliuciis
meore weliwadi Sesrulda da ukve tardeba udidesi nawili am refor­
misa, Cven SeuZleblad migvaCnia am kanons droebiTi xasiaTi mivceT.
Semdeg aris naTqvami, rom es kanoni exeba mxolod dausaxlebel mi­
webze, ese igi ara mTel miwebs, yvela miwebs, romlebic qalaqSi aris,
aramed nawils. ase rom am kanonis gareSe rCeba miwebis mTeli rigi,
rCeba mTeli is miwebi, romelzedac aris raime Senoba, saxli da sam­
rewvelo dawesebuleba. amas imiT amarTleben, rogorc momxsenebelma
brZana, rom TiTqos ar undaT xeli SeuSalon mrewvelobas, magram aq
mrewveloba arafer SuaSi. social-demokratias eSinia SeiWras ker­
Zo uflebriv sferoSi amitom is qmnis kapitalistebisaTvis erTgvar
imunitets, rac CvenTvis yovlad miuRebelia. kanoni unda gavrceldes
yvela miwebze. Tu amis winaaRmdeg vinme iqneba, Tu aq vinme daziandeba,
es iqneba kapitalistebi da saxlis patronebi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi
mSromeli xalxi, qalaqis Raribi nawili.
socialistur damfuZnebel krebas ar SeuZlia miiRos iseTi kom­
promisuli da eqlektikuri kanoni, rogoric aris warmodgenili pro­
eqti. kanon-proeqtSi aris agreTve norma _ erTi desetina. saintere­
soa, riT xelmZRvanelobda ministri, rodesac aseT normas awesebda?!
kanoni soflad Svid desiatinas stovebs, qalaqSi ki unda darCes
erTi desiatina, mara vin ar icis, rom qalaqis erTi desiatina udris
soflis ara 7 desiatinas, aramed SeiZleba 10 da 20-sac. amitom Cven Se­
mogvaqvs winadadeba kanon-proeqtidan sruliad amoiSalos sityvebi
„droebiT“, „dausaxlebeli miwebi“, Semdeg unda amoiSalos mTlianad
pirveli SeniSvna, xolo meore SeniSvnidan unda amoiSalos ukanaskne­
li nawili „erTi wlis vadiT“.
aleqsandre asaTiani (er. dem.) damfuZvnebeli krebis wevrno! sanam
warmodgenils dekrets arsebiTad Sevexebode, unda mivaqcio Tqveni
yuradReba im garemoebas, rom kanon-proeqti, romelic warmoudgina
miwad moqmedebis saministrom agrarul komisias, arsebiTad Seicva­
la mis Semdeg, rac es kanon-proeqti gadavida iuridiul komisiaSi. es
arsebiTad Secvlili kanon-proeqti, ukeT rom vTqvaT, sruliad axali
kanon-proeqti am Jamad Cven warmogvidgines gansaxilvelad. es cvli­
leba aSkara aris, me mgonia, yvelasTvis.
miwaT moqmedebis saministros kanon-proeqti zRudavs carieli
miwebis syidva-gasyidvas da gadacemas, ukeTu es miwa erTs desetinas
aRemateba. erTi desetinis farglebSi, am miwebze syidva gayidva da,
sazogadoT, gankarguleba Tavisufali rCeba. am Jamad es kanon-proeq­
ti sazogadoT zRudavs cariel miwebis yidva-gayidvas, iqneba es dese­

207
tinis erTi meoTxedi, erTi naxevari, Tu erT desetinazed meti. meores
mxriv saministros dekreti sruliad ar exeboda gaSenebuls miwebs.
TqvenTvis moxsenebuli kanon-proeqti ki zRudavs gankargulebas im
gaSenebuls miwebisas, sadac SenobaTa garSemo erTi desetinaze meti
carieli miwa aRmoCndeba. Tumca es axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavda im
krebaze, sadac iyvnen agreTve agrarul komisiis wevrebi, saerToT
SeerTebul krebazed, magram agrarulma komisiam es kanon-proeqti ga­
dasca am SeerTebul krebas mxolod erTi mizniT, rom, ukeTu miwadmo­
qmedebis saministros warmomadgeneli saTanado ganmartebas miscemda
komisias da gaurkvevda komisiis wevrebs, Tu ra aqvs miznad mTavrobas
am kanonis gamocemiT, mieRoT is da damfuZnebel krebisTvis gadaecaT.
da Tu am Jamad es axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavda da Semovida, cxa­
dia, is unda dabrundes Tavis pirvandel wyaros, im komisias, sadac
yoveli kanon-proeqti miwis sakiTxis Sesaxeb arsebiTad ixileba, e.i.
unda daubrundes agrarul komisias. aseTi wesi miRebuli gvaqs Cven
da, sazogadoT, sakanonmdeblo muSaobis sruliad udavo debulebas
warmoadgens. amis gamo erovnul-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas
iZleva, rom es kanon-proeqti gadaeces agrarul komisias gansaxilve­
lad, magram me ara var darwmunebuli, rom es Cveni udavo mosazrebani
Tqven mier miRebuli iqneba da amitom me saWiroT vsTvli kanon-pro­
eqts arsebiTad Sevexo.
agrarul komisiaSi, rom daisva sakiTxi _ ra aris mizani am
kanon-proeqtisa, veravin amazed pasuxi ver mogvca. yvelam gakvirve­
ba gamosTqva, rom es kanon-proeqti Semodis ase saswrafod. magram
dekretis mizani Tumca dausabuTebelia, magram naTelia _ qalaqis mi­
webis yidva-gayidvis SeCereba im dromde, sanam am miwebis gadasawyve­
tad axali kanon-proeqti SemuSavdeba. risTvis unda SeCerdes droe­
biT, am miwebis gankarguleba! ra saSiSroebas xedavs mTavroba imis
gamo, rom es droebiT ar SeCerdes, da ratom ar aris SesaZlebeli,
rom moucadoT im kanon-proeqts, romelic mzaddeba albad? amis Ses­
axeb agrarulma komisiam pasuxi ver miiRo. amis gamo komisiam saWirod
dainaxa miwaT-moqmedebis warmomadgenelis azris mosmena. Tqven dRes
moismineT agrarul komisiis Tavmjdomaris sityva da im kiTxvazed, Tu
ra mizani aqvs mTavrobas, ra perspeqtivebi aqvs mas, rom man saWiroT
dainaxa aseTi droebiTi SezRudva, dResac veraviTari pasuxi ver mi­
viReT. Cven vfiqrobT, rom ar aris sasargeblo am dekretis miReba arc
miwis reformis gatarebis TvalsazrisiT, arc sxva raime politikuri
mosazrebiT, aseTi dekretebidan Cveni xalxi veraviTars sargeblobas
ver naxavs. is mxolod zedmets, kidev zedmets arev-darevas Seitans
Cvens ekonomiurs cxovrebaSi.
rodesac soflis memamuleebisTvis gamoacxades aseTive SezRudva
1918 wlis 23 Tebervals, saministrosi da mTavrobis azri naTeli iyo.
Cven gvinda is fondi, romelic aqamdin hqondaT msxvil mflobelebs,
SevinaxoT imisTvis, rom miTi davakmayofiloT umiwawylo glexebis

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saWiroebao. maSasadame saministros saWiroT miaCnda rom es fondi
xeluxleblad darCeniliyo am saagraro reformisTvis. Tu es sof­
lis miwebi daumuSavebeli iyo msxvil mflobelTa xelSi, am reformis
Semdeg SesaZlebeli unda gamxdariyo, rom es carieli miwebi Cavar­
deboda swored im xalxis xelSi, romelsac esaWiroeboda es miwebi,
romelTac isini daimuSavebden da mTeli saxelmwifos sasargeblod
gaxdiden. aseTi ram mosazreba aq, me mgonia, ar iTqmis. qalaqis miwe­
bi dasamuSaveblad, sazogadoT, ar aris miCneuli da vfiqrob veravin
ityvis, rom am miwebis ganawileba, dayofa da gayidva unda SevaCeroT
imisTvis, rom erTgvari fondi SevqmnaT umiwawylo mSromel xalxis
saWiroebisaTvis, rom man am miwazed miwad-moqmedeba awarmovoso.
ar vici, SesaZlebelia mTavroba fiqrobdes, rom es dekreti pirveli
nabiji iqneba. jer-jerobiT SeuzRudaven am sakuTrebis gacemas da
Semdeg miwebs CamoarTmeven.
aq laparaki aris municipaluri politikis Sesaxeb da, SesaZlebe­
lia, mTavrobas azri aqvs, rom yvela es miwebi konfiskaciis wesiT ga­
dasces municipalitets misi samunicipalo politikisaTvis. Tu mTav­
robas imedi aqvs, rom qalaqis carieli miwebi am municipalitetebis
SemweobiT gaSendebian, yovel SemTxvevaSi, saWiro iyo amis Sesaxeb aq
raimes Tqma, rom Cven SeZleba gvqondes aseT imedebis Sesaxeb Cveni azri
gamogveTqva. aseTi ram aq ar Tqmula, da arc komisiaSi gvsmenia. zogi­
erT komisiis wevrebTan Semdegi mosazreba gagvigonia _ sofelSi Camo­
erTva memamuleebs mamulebi, ratom aris rom qalaqebSi mdidrebs aqvT
auarebeli uZravi qoneba, ratom aris rom aq maT araferi CamorTmevia­
To. Tu dekretis gamocema mxolod imiT aris gamowveuli, rom qalaqeb­
Si mospobili iqmnas erTgvari qonebrivi uTanasworoba, _ saWiro aris,
me mgonia, rom amis Sesaxeb naTeli warmodgena hqondes damfuZnebel
krebas. Cvenis azriT es kanon-proeqti kidev ufro gaamZlavrebs da
gaamwvavebs im ekonomiur kriziss, romelsac Cven ganvicdiT, kidev
ufro arev-darevs Cven ekonomiur cxovrebas. am Jamad, ar aris rasak­
virvelia, mosalodneli, rom ucbaT daiwyos qalaqebSi aRmSenebloba
da es carieli miwebi gaSendes. amisTvis saTanado pirobebi jer kidev
ar Seqmnila, magram nawilobrivad Tu ki aris SesaZlebeli, rom qa­
laqis cariel miwebze raime warmoeba, raime aRmSenebloba daiwyos, es
kanon-proeqti savsebiT spobs aseTs SesaZleblobas. zedmetia amazed
laparaki, rom am dekretis Semdegom carieli miwebis mepatroneeb­
ma mis gaSenebaze da maze, raime warmoebis moTavsebaze izrunon. am
dekretis, am kanonis Semdgom, TavisTavad cxadia qalaqis mesakuTreT
SiSi daebadebaT, rom maT miwebsac igive bedi ewveva, rogorc soflis
mamulebs. 1918 wlis 23 Tebervals sworeT aseTive kanoni gamoica sof­
lis mamulebze yidva-gayidvis SeCerebis Sesaxeb da samiode kviris Sem­
deg 9 marts gamocxadda kanoni imis Sesaxeb, rom is miwebi mesakuTreebs
CamoerTvaT sruliad usasyidloT, konfiskaciis wesiT. maSasadame, Ta­
visTavad cxadia, rom xalxis TvalSi aq aris igive politika, romelsac

209
mTavroba awarmoebda soflis mamulebis Sesaxeb, rom es aris pirveli
nabiji droebiTi SezRudvisa da amis Semdgom unda mohyves miwis kon­
fiskacia. ar vici mTavrobam gauwia angariSi Tu ara, yvela im Sedegebs
romlebic amas unda mohyves, me vfiqrob, rom ara. am miwebis didi naw­
ili, dagiravebuli aris bankebSi da sxvagan, maSasadame bankebs darCe­
nil adgilebis gasyidva ar SeuZlian! damgiraveblebi bankebs sesx­
is fuls ar gadauxdian, vinaidgan es sakuTreba maT gankargulebaSi
faktiurad aRar iqneba, ise rom finansiurad es gamoiwvevs did arev-
darevas. meore mxriv, qalaqis farglebSi es dabadebs iseTsave apatias,
srul apatias yovelgvar aRmaSeneblobaSi, romelic gamefebuli aris
sasoflo meurneobaSi. TavisTavad cxadia, rom aRar iqneba araviTari
stimuli imisaTvis, rom adamianma qalaqSi aseTi carieli adgilebi
gaaSenos, gaaumjobesos da Tu gvaqvs imedi, rom municipalitetebi
moawyoben muSaobas am cariels miwebze da maT gaaSeneben _ es keTili,
magram samwuxarod aseT imedisTvis jerjerobiT araviTar safuZvels
ar gvaZlevs Cveni axali municipalitetebis moRvaweoba, romelnic ara
Tu axals aRmSeneblobas ver awarmoeben, aramed Zvelad gaSenebulsac
ver uvlian da ver icaven. sazogadoT, unda SevignoT bolos da bolos,
rom eris ekonomiur cxovrebisTvis Zlier saxifaTo aris, aseTi naCqa­
revi da mouzomeli eqperimentebis moxdena.
aq amboben, rom es dekreti umTavresad im qalaqebs Seexeba, romel­
nic am revoliuciis Semdeg aRmocendneno: samtredias, senaks, surams
da sx. marTlac es qalaqebi erTi aTad gaizarden Tavis sivrciT am
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da zogierTi maTgani am Jamad sivrciT lon­
donsac sWarbobs. magram Tqven am dabebis aseTi ara-bunebrivi gaqa­
laqebis winaaRmdeg rom yofiliyaviT, arc moxdeboda. Tqveni miwis
dekretis SiSiT mTeli soflebi miekedla qalaqebs da yovel arCev­
nebis win mmarTveli partiis presa da agentebi maT arwmunebda, rom
am axlo qalaqebs miwis dekreti ar Seexeboda. exla ukve am soflebis
gaqalaqeba am dekretisaTvis sabuTadac ki mogyavT.
davskvni da vambob, rom es dekreti kidev axali da mavne cda aris
Cvens saagraro politikaSi. Tu mTavrobas surs qalaqis sakuTrebas
Seexos, maSin mTliani kanoni unda SemuSavdes amis Sesaxeb da ganmarte­
ba unda miviRoT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogors miznebs isaxavs mTavroba Ta­
vis politikiT. droebiTi SezRudva, droebiTi SeCereba am miwebis
sargeblobisa da gadacemisa, _ es Cven migvaCnia metad mavneblad da
miuReblad. mivaqcev Tqven yuradRebas, rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT, im
garemoebas, rom es kanon-proeqti srulad gamocvlili aris, rom mi­
wad-moqmedebis saministros kanon-proeqti sul sxva aris da es axali
kanon-proeqti sul sxva, da amitom winadadebas gaZlevT, rom es agra­
rul komisias gadaeces gansaxilvelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
kirile niniZe. rigs gareSe sityva aviRe imitom, rom samwuxarod,
baton asaTianis gancxadebaSi erTi Secdoma Seipara, didi Secdoma,

210
romelic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: is Txoulobs rom es kanonproeqti
daubrundes komisias im mosazrebiT, rom Secvlili aris ministris
kanon-proeqtSi. me mgonia, rom komisias neba aqvs Sescvalos minis­
tris kanon-proeqti. da Tu ministri ar moisurvebs amas sakonfliq­
to kiTxva dadgeba. ministri ityvis: „me gadavdgebi samsaxuridan, Tu
kanon-proeqti SescvaleT“-o. aq es mosatani ar aris. iuridiulad me
ar mesmis is komisia, romelsac ar hqondes neba, rom Sescvalos kanoni.
magram aq aris meore didi gaugebroba. samwuxarod aseT gauge­
brobis Tavidan acileba b. asaTians SeeZlo. is ambobs, rom agrarul
komisiis kanon-proeqti Sescvala iuridiulma komisiam, da ZiriT­
adad Sescvalao. saqme imaSia, rom agrarul komisiis erT sxdomaze,
romelzedac b. asaTiani brZandeboda, marTala gadaswyda, rom kiTxva
gadadebuliyo, raTa gamowveuli yofiliyo ministri moxsenebis ga­
sakeTeblad, da asaxsnelad. Semdeg survili gamoiTqva, rom es kiTx­
va garCeuli yofiliyo SeerTebul sxdomaze iuridiul komisiis da
agrarul komisiisa. am orma SeerTebul komisiam, iuridiulma da
agrarulma, daadgina da warmoadgina es kanon-proeqti. ise rom ar
vici vis unda daubrundes? sxva agraruli komisia Cven ar gvaqs, da
agrarul komisiam es kanon-proeqti ganixila. b. asaTiani, me mgonia, ar
brZandeboda im sxdomaze, magram, Tu ar vcdebi, icoda, rom am komisiis
sxdoma iyo da uwyeba aravisaTvis ar gagvigzavnia, imisTvis rom iyo
daniSnuli sagangebo kreba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) socialist-federalistTa fraqciis­
saxeliT unda gadmogceT Semdegi. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, es
kanoni, ukeT rom vTqvaT dekreti, warmoadgens erT nabijis win ga­
dadgmas. Cven davigvianeT kidec am dekretiT da vacxadebT survils,
rom mTavrobam male Semoitanos amis Sesaxeb srul kanon-proeqti. ra­
sakvirvelia Cven pirvel muxls am dekretisas veTanxmebiT. Tqven mo­
gexsenebaT, rom amierkavkasiis seimma SarSan 7-s marts miiRo kanoni
didad mniSvnelovani, romlis ZaliT akrZaluli iyo mamulebis yid­
va-gayidva. dawesda norma miwis-flobelobisa. magram Seicvala es
kanoni, datrialda suni kerZo sakuTrebisa, miwebi unda daurigdes
sakuTrebaT da fasiT. winad principad aRiarebuli iyo sakuTrebis
SezRudva. Cven seimis kanoni ise gvesmoda, rom Semdeg unda SemuSave­
buliyo kanon-proeqti, romlis mixedviT syidva-gayidva akrZaluli
iqneboda. saqarTvelos parlamentma xmis umravlesobiT uaryo es
kanon-proeqti. exla Cven mogvevlina meore dekreti, me mgonia rom
swored Zveli gezi aris aRebuli. me mgonia, rom soc.-dem. fraqcia
Zvel gziT ivlis. momxsenebelma mogaxsenaT Tqven aq, rom mainc da
mainc saxe am dekretisa gamorkveuli ar aris, diax, magram Canasaxi
aris. ukve norma miRebulia es erTi desetinaa. ratom erTi desetina?
ara meti, ara naklebi, dasabuTebas ver vxedavT. Tu viRebT dekrets
miwis Sesaxeb, dekreti unda miviRoT saerTod da gamovxatoT ra gvi­

211
Weria da ra gvinda. Tu vambobT, rom es dekreti Semdeg unda iyos
warmodgenili, kanon-proeqtis saxiT, maSin SeuZlebelia, rom dRes
miviRoT meore muxli. ibadeba gamourkvevloba da TiTqmis pirveli
muxli _ ewinaaRmdegeba meores. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom mWidroT
aris dakavSirebuli sofeli da qalaqi. gancalkeveba maTi SeuZle­
belia. urTierT Soris cxovreba ise gadaxlarTulia rom saerTo
interesi moiTxovs maT SekavSirebas. sazogado kanoni yvelasTvis
erTia da kanoni miwis Sesaxeb erTi unda iyos. Cven vimedovnebT,
rom damfuZnebeli kreba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas miaqcevs miwis
kanon-proeqts. rogorc soflad ise qalaqebSi mcxovreblebis umrav­
lesobas Seadgens mSromeli xalxi da maTi interesebi Cven unda da­
vicvad. swored es interesebi moiTxovs syidva gayidvis akrZalvas.
es unda safuZvlad daedos kanons, es ZiriTadi kiTxvaa da erTxel
da samudamod unda gadaswydes, rom aRar daubrundeT miwis kerZo
sakuTrebas. momxsenebelma ver ganmarta, rogor esmis mas dausaxle­
beli miwa, vsTqvaT venaxi, baRi, bostani; eseni romel kategorias
ekuTvnis qalaqebSi, zogi dausaxlebeli miwebi damuSavebuli aris,
zogi dasaxlebuli ise usargeblod hyria. aq detalizacias ver gava­
keTebT. da ese swrafad arc saWiroeba moiTxovs. Cven unda vecadoT,
rom mSromel da Seviwroebul xalxs xelidan ar gamoecalos miwa.
amisaTvis sakmarisia, rom zemod aRniSnuli debuleba miviRoT, Cveni
miswrafeba iqiTken aris mimarTuli, rom miwa unda iyos aRiarebuli
xalxis kuTvnilebad es mcneba gardauvalia, amas gverds ver auxvevT.
am safuZvelze unda aSendes miwis kanoni. damfuZnebeli kreba Seecde­
ba, rom kanoni miRebuli saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miwis Sesaxeb
gadaSinjuli iqmnes. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom es mwvave sakiTxia, amisda
mixedviT Cven moviTxovT, rom rogorc mTavrobam ise saagraro komi­
siam unda SeimuSaon vrceli kanon-proeqti. yovlad SeuZlebelia,
rom dRes SevexoT erT nawils saerTo sakiTxisas, xval meore nawilsa
da sxva. ase danawileba sasicocxlo kiTxvisa mavnebelia. erTi daskv­
na unda miviRoT, romelzedac mogaxseneT. Cven viziarebT pirvels
­muxls da SeniSvnas, mxolod unda amoiSalos sityva: dausaxlebeli
(kedia „en bloc!“).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) me batonebo, imiT unda daviwyo dRes si­
tyva rom zogierTi imedebi gauqarwylo im memarjveneT, romelni
fiqroben, TiTqos axali xana, axali era Seiqmna, gamoicvala is poli­
tika, romelic swarmoebda dRevandelamdis parlamentSi da raRaca
gansakuTrebuli movlenebis winaSe vdgevar.
araferi aseTi ar gaxlavT.
dekrets ori martivi, saRi ZiriTadi azri aqvs. erTi is, rom
dausaxlebeli miwebi, romelzedac dRemdis arc qarxnebi, arc saxlebi
ar aris, Seikras; am miwebis yidva-gayidva, droebiT SeCerebuli iqnes.
maSasadame am miwebs raRaca gansakuTrebuli bedi moeliT, romelic

212
unda gadaswydes gansakuTrebuli kanoniT. meore kidev is, rom yve­
la dasaxlebuli miwebi, romelzedac qarxnebi an saxlebi sdgas, da is
teritoria, romlebic komisiis azriT saWiro aris, rom ekuTvnodes
am saxls, zomiT, erTi desetinamde, rCeba Zveli patronis sruls gan­
kargulebaSi. ai es ori azria am kanon-proeqtSi.
aqedan zogierTma iseTi daskvna gamoiyvana, rom es unda daedos
safuZvlad momaval sakanondeblo muSaobaso, e. i. samudamod unda
aikrZalos yidva-gayidva, xolo ar ician ra Sedegebi mohyveba amas.
eserebs rasakvirvelia ecodinebaT, rom amas socialuri revoliucia
ewodeba, magram aseT sakiTxis dayenebas gaurbian. magram me mgonia,
bevrad sjobia, rom aSkarad mkafiod sTqvas kacma is, rac principial­
urad saWirod miaCnia, vidre sTqvas farulad da naxevraT morcxvad
gaataros, romelime muxli ZiriTadi debulebisa, romelsac social­
izacia ewodeba. marTlac da Tu aReb-micemoba araa, iq vaWroba-mrewv­
elobac ar SeiZleba ganviTardes. iq arc kapitalizms aqvs raime
niadagi, da Tu safuZveli gavauqmeT, sjobs, rom Sedegebic gavauqmoT,
vinaidan Sedegi haerSi Camokidebuli ver iarsebebs. es dekreti ki, ro­
melic sworeT dekretis saxiT aris Semotanili da ara kanonisa, gan­
sazRvrul azrs Seicavs, imas rom dRes dReobiT, droebiT SeCerdes
mxolod cariel miwebis yidva-gayidva, mxolod es, da ai ratom. erTi
imisTvis, rom Cven viciT, rodesac daiwyeben kanonis SemuSavebas da mi­
wis beds esa Tu is mimarTuleba miecema, maSin gamoCndebian sxva da sxva
gamoCenili veqilebi, gamoCndebian gansakuTrebulad daxelovnebulni
Txovnebis damwerni da gamoZebnian iseT RonisZiebas, romliTac es mi­
webi am bedidan ganTavisufldebian, miwebs daaqucmaceben: gadascemen
Svils, naTesavs, maxlobel nacnobs. es miwebi daiWreba, daqucmacdeba
da, rom kidec moindomos sazogado Zalam raime sazogado miznisTvis
imis moxmareba da gamoyeneba, es yovlad SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Cven es
Zalian kargad viciT. CvenSi es xelobaa, yovelgvari msxvili da wvri­
li burJuaziisa da feodalebis da mesakuTrebisa.
ai, batonebo, es iyo mTavari mizezi, rom damfuZnebel krebas
dResve warmoudga dauyovnebliv gasatareblad es winaswari dekreti.
kanonis damuSavebas kidev moundeba ramodenime xani. ori sami Tve, da
manam ki es miwebi am maxinaciebiT ar unda gaiyidos, ar unda gaqarwyl­
des. am dekretis azri da mniSvneloba mxoloT es aris.
maSasadame araviTari ZiriTad axal principzed ar aris aq lapa­
raki, aq mxolod erTgvari winaswari zoma aris miRebuli, rom moma­
vali kanondebloba, mosalodneli reforma qalaqis SigniT mdebare
teritoriis Sesaxeb, iqnes namdvili; realuri mniSvnelobisa da ara
moCveneba, ar darCes qaRaldzed dawerili calieri sityva. ai am
mizniT aris Semotanili dRes es dekreti.
amave mizezebiT, dRes, sanam momavali kanon-proeqti, romelic am
miwis bedis gadamwyveti iqneba, ar Camoyalibebula, Znelia imis Tqma,
Tu mTavroba, ministri, an romelime partia, ra azrisa aris am miwebis

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Taobaze. dRes amis gadaWriT Tqma ar SeiZleba. amis Tqma mxolod im
zogierTs SeuZlian, romelsac ukve aqvT gamorkveuli recepti. ma­
gram ramodenadac Cven vicnobT mTavrobas da im partias, romlisganac
warmosdga Cveni mTavroba, igini aseT receptis Sors dganan, maTTvis
saWiro aris jer masalebis mogroveba, maTTvis saWiro aris cnobebis
miReba, maTTvis saWiro aris yovelgvari reformis, yovelgvari
nabijebis Seswavla, gaTvaliswineba misi Sedegebis misi efeqtebis
cxovrebaSi da Semdeg TiTon nabijebis gadadgma ramdenadac es saW­
iro iqneba da aucilebeli. amitom winaswar imis gansazRvra, Tu ra
bedi ewveva am miwebs, romelTac dekreti Seexeba, Cven ar SegviZlia.
mosalodneli, rom moxdeba maTi konfiskaciis saxiT, ZaldatanebiT,
ufaso CamorTmeva. es SesaZlebelia. agreTve SesaZlebelia gamosyid­
va da gadacema municipalitetebze. an kidev SeiZleba sxva formiT da
mizniT iqnes gamoyenebuli es miwebi. mxolod erTi mizani dekretis
aris dResve aSkara da naTeli. es gaxlavT is, rom es cariela miwe­
bi, romelic exla uqmaT sdevs, da romlis fasi sistematiurad izr­
deba da amdidrebs Tavis patronebs mxolod imitom, rom mesakuTris
saxelwodeba aqvT, es miwebi iqneba gamoyenebuli ara kerZo piris in­
teresebisTvis, aramed sazogado interesebisTvis. es Taviseburi uz­
runveli zrda qalaqis miwebis fasisa es zrda, SeiZleba TviT qalaqis
moRvaweobiT gamowveuli, magaliTad qalaqis gadidebiT, gamSvenier­
ebiT an sxva amisTana RonisZiebiT, da momatebuli fasebi ar gaxdes
sakuTrebaT, romelime kerZo piris, romelsac kerZo mesakuTres
saxeli aqvs, aramed gaxdes kuTvnilebaT mTeli sazogadoebisa, mTe­
li qalaqisa, romlis SromiT da Semoqmedebis unariT aris gamowveu­
li am qonebis fasis gadideba da zrda. aq unda mivaqcio yuradReba
kidev erT garemoebas. Cven gvaqvs Zveli da axali qalaqebi. CvenSi iyo
agreTve gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba im mxriv, rom, zogierT Zvel
qalaqebs artyiaT garSemo soflebi, romelnic iuridiulad, teri­
torialurad qalaqs ekuTvnian, magram arsebiTad soflebs warmoad­
genen. aseTia ramdenadac viciT, magaliTad siRnaRi, da is soflebi da
dabebi, romelnic am revoliuciis xanaSi gadaiqcnen qalaqebaT: xaSu­
ri _ zestafoni da sxvebi. yvela amas gaTvaliswineba da mxedvelobaSi
miReba unda momaval kanonis damuSavebis dros. gaTanasworeba zogi­
erTi qalaqebisa, Tu gind iseT qalaqebisa, rogoric aris Tbilisi,
erTi mxriT, da xaSuri, meore mxriv, SeuZlebelia, da sruliad bune­
brivi da advilad SesaZlebelia, rom sul sxva gvari zomebi da sxva
gvari wesebi dasWirdeba am miwebis moxmarebas da gamoyofas am axlad
daarsebul qalaqebSi da maTze mikrul soflebSi, vinem TviT namd­
vil qalaqis farglebSi. am mxriv mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa warmosdgeba
Cvens winaSe, iseT sakiTxebisa, romelnic Cven unda avwon-davwonoT.
SeuZlebelia erTi kalmis mosmiT, ase iolad gadawyveta sabolood
am sakiTxebisa. ai magaliTad sofluri xasiaTis warmoeba xSiria axal
qalaqebSi, xSirad misdeven iq soflur meurneobas: xvna Tesvas, simin­

214
dis moyvanas, venaxis gaSenebas da sxva, Cveulobriv soflis meurneo­
bas. amisdamixedviT sul sxva wesi unda iqnes SemuSavebuli aseT qa­
laqebisTvis. xolo sadac miwa uzomo rentiT gaZvirebulia, iq kidev
sxva RonisZieba, sxva zomebi iqneba miRebuli.
ai es saWirod mimaCnda, rom exlave gamocxadebuliyo, radgan
bevrs egoneba, rom raki SeCerda qalaqis miwebis yidva-gayidva, am­
ieridan yvelas waerTmeva Tavis sakuTari miwa-wyalio. SesaZlebelia
aman gamoiwvios erTgvari ukmayofileba im soflebSi, romelnic qa­
laqze arian miwerilni, da isini moisurveben qalaqisTvis Tavis dane­
bebas. diax, saWirod migvaCnia exlave gamocxadebuli iqnes es, radga­
nac bevrs egoneba, rom raki SeCerda yidva-gayidva, yovelive ispobao,
da SesaZloa aman gamoiwvios erTgvari ukmayofileba im soflebSi,
romlebic qalaqTan arian miwerili da isini moisurveben qalaqebis
dangrevas, aqedan gamoewerebian, an tyuil ubralod aRSfoTdebian
da aReldebian. Cven sruliad ar gvsurs, rom soflis mcxovreblebSi,
Cveni respublikis mcxovreblebSi rac unda mcired iyos maTi ricxvi,
Cven respublikas saerTo mcxovreblebTan, SedarebiT mainc uniadago
da umizno Relva gamoviwvioT da erTgvar sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavag­
doT maSin, rodesac aseT sasowarkveTilebisTvis araviTari sabuTi
ar arsebobs.
exla gadavideT meore sakiTxze.
SesaZlebelia iyos vinme, visac ainteresebs arev-dareva, mouwyo­
bloba, mouwesrigebloba, magram CvenTvis, vinc vgrZnobT pasuxismge­
blobas, visac gvainteresebs Cveni xalxis mdgomareoba misi awmyo da
momavali, CvenTvis imas Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, (xma: miwis ga­
yidva?). amitom me gadavdivar meore sakiTxze, romelic exeba qalaqis
dasaxlebul miwebs.
es dekreti ar Seicavs arc normas, arc raime niSans imisas, Tu ra
xasiaTisa iqneba momavali kanoni. igi ambobs mxolod, rom dasaxle­
buli mamulebi qalaqSi, aris is, sadac agebulia saxlebi qarxnebi da
sxva Senobebi. magaliTad is Tu miwa aris gaSenebuli, vsTqvaT simindi
aris zed daTesili, an sxva raime aseTi, (gvazava: gaSenebuli?) diax,
Tu aris gaSenebuli, an aqvs Semortymuli Robe, da sxva, Tavis Tavad
cxadia es kidev ar CaiTvleba dasaxlebul miwad. mxolod is mamulebi,
sadac aris, saxlebi qarxnebi da sxva raime warmoeba aris dawyobili,
rCeba maTi patronebis srul gankargulebaSi. SeiZleba maTi yidva-gay­
idva, gadacema, dagiraveba da sxv. Cven ganzrax davtoveT es adgilebi
Tavisufali yidva-gayidvis sferoSi. Cven viciT, rom am Jamad, auare­
beli Tanxa, gansakuTrebiT saspekuliacio Tanxa trialebs am saxlebis
da qonebis garSemo, da Cven sruliadac ar gvinda, rom es saspekuli­
acio Tanxa, es kapitali, puris syidva-gayidvas Seudges, Cven aseTi
ganzraxva ar gvaqvs. aseTi SezRudva am dekretis farglebis imiT aris
gamowveuli, rom auarebeli Tanxa trialebs am sferoSi: zogi yidu­
lobs dRes saxlebs, _ xval hyidis, zogi xval yidulobs qarxanas, _ zeg

215
hyidis. da es xdeba imitom rom Cven dRes qaRaldis fulis valiuta
gvaqvs da qaRaldis valiutas ar uyvars, ar moswons bankebSi an jibeSi
gaCereba, is mudmivaT trialebs da atrialebs im sagnebs, romlebic
bazarze gamodis, Tu erTi sagani am trialis sferodan gamovdevneT
maSin es Tanxa meore saganze gadava, am meore sagnis garSemo datrial­
deba da gaaZvirebs; im sagnebis ricxvSi, romlebic trialis sferoSi
arian moxvedrili, urevia dasaxlebuli miwebic. da Cven roca Tavisu­
fali miwebi gamovtoveT am trialis sferodan, maTze akrZalva davade­
viT, vxelmZRvanelobdiT im mosazrebiT, romelic TiTon dakvirvebam
mogvca. saxeldobr imiT, rom am miwebis garSemo aseTi yidva-gayidvis
Zlieri spekuliacia dRes ar trialebs. es erTi. meore, da umTavresi,
kidev is aris, rom arc saxlebis aSenebis cieb-cxeleba aris, dRes, da
arc axal qarxnebis gaSenebis cieb-cxeleba aris. da swored unda vTqva,
rom iyos dRes gacxarebuli aSeneba axal qarxnebisa da axal saxlebisa,
SesaZlebelia, rom aseTi kanon-proeqti, aseTi dekreti ar Semogvet­
ana aq. diax, advilad Cven ar movisurvebdiT, rom xeli SegveSala am
did SemoqmedebiTi muSaobaSi Tundac kerZo iniciativisaTvis. magram
Cven vxedavT, rom kerZo iniciativa, am sferoSi, arafers ar akeTebs,
momzadebiT _ arafers amzadebs, is mxolod ukve damzadebul saqonel­
ze eweva spekuliacias, Sesaqmnels ki arafers ar qmnis dRes. am mxriv
Cveni kapitali gaCerebulia, da Tu Cven gvinda am xaniT, am droiT vis­
argebloT imisTvis, rom erTgvari reforma gavataroT mamulebisa, me
mgonia, rom dRes yvelaze mizanSewonili dro aris arCeuli.
ai es gaxlavT, batonebo, meore sabuTi, imis, Tu ratom ar Sevz­
RudeT am dekretiT gayidva saxlebis, qarxnebis da im teritoriis,
romelic saWiro aris am saxlebisTvis da uromlisod saxlis datri­
aleba, gayidva Zalian Zneli iqneba. Cven gvinda darCes yidva-gayidva,
triali am saxlisa, Senobisa, da amitom es teritoriac am SenobasTan
erTad, am saxlebTan erTad unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli yoveli Sez­
Rudvisagan.
ai es Zalian martivi da advilad gasagebi azria warmodgenil
dekretSi da me megona, rom yoveli partia, Tu fraqcia, romelic
moisurvebda am dekretis winaaRmdeg brZolas, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
am martiv azrs gaigebda da ise SeebrZoleboda am dekrets, da ara
Tavis warmodgenas, romelic am dekrets sruliad ar Seefereba.
ai, rogorc, magaliTad, aq deputatma baraTaSvilma sTqva, TiTqos
dekretSi CarTuli iyos axali principi saerTod miwis yidva-gayid­
vis akrZalvisa.
Semdeg am dekrets aweria „droebiTi“, da am sityvas me minda mi­
vaqcio yuradReba. es sityva bevrs ukargavs saocnebo imedebs. sityva
„droebiTi“ swored imitom aris aq naxmari, rom, Cvenis azriT, aseTi
SeCereba yidva-gayidvis xangrZlivi ar unda iqnes. is unda ganisaz­
Rvrebodes ara wlobiT, aramed TveobiT. erTi an ori Tvis ganmav­
lobaSi unda davavaloT saministros, rom man Sesaferi kanon-proeq­

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ti SeimuSaos da am nairad am miwebis bedis gadawyvetis saSualeba
mogvces. am rigaT am dekretiT miRebuli akrZalva gauqmebul iqne­
ba or-sam TveSi. es vada arc iseTi didia, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi
ase vsTqvaT, didi oromtriali dabados. piriqiT ise mcirea es vada,
rom amas araviTari arev-darevis gamowveva ar SeuZlian. amitom Cven
gvgonia, rom es kanon-proeqti miRebuli unda iqmnes. amasTanave Cven
gamovsTqvamT survils da imeds, rom saministro maxlobel dReebSi
SeimuSavebs da warmoadgens kanon-proeqts, rom amnairad es saeWvo
gamxdari bedi Tavisufali da carieli miwebisa gadawyvetili iqmnes
da Tavisufleba mieces am sferoSi yvelas, ama Tu im inciativis ga­
moCenisTvis. Cven maSin vnaxavT im pirTa gancxadebis realur mniSvn­
elobas, romelnic amboben „Tqven zRudavT kerZo iniciativas, kerZo
pirTa SemoqmedebiTi unars“-o. sami Tvis Semdeg vnaxavT ra niWs, ra
muSaobis niWs gamoiCenen kapitalis patronebi, ra simdidres dabade­
ben, rogor daatrialeben Tavis Tanxas mis mqonebelni, da ra Semoq­
medebTi unars gamoiCenen isini.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava (er.-dem.). batonebo, me unda mivaqcio Tqveni yur­
adReba erT garemoebas, romlisTvisac aqamdisin ar migviqcevia yur­
adReba, magram, romelsac, Cemis azriT, Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
aq warmodgenili iyo is azri, rom es kanon-proeqti, romelic exla
aris sagnad Cveni ganxilvisa, Sedegia an mWidrod dakavSirebulia mi­
wis reformasTan. amnairad qmnian iseT STabeWdilebas, rom TiTqos
loRikurad Cven valdebulni varT es dekreti miviRoT. aq yuradRe­
bas ar aqceven erT garemoebas, imas, rom aq aris dRes damfuZnebeli
kreba. es garemoeba dRes did mniSvnelovani aris. damfuZnebel krebas,
jer ar ganuxilavs is Zveli kanonebi, romelic adre iyo miRebuli;
amitom yovlad SeuZlebelia laparaki imaze, rom TiTqo savaldebu­
loa CvenTvis miReba am axal dekretisa. 1917 wels pirvelad amier-ka­
vkasiis komisiariatma gamosca agraruli kanoni, mere es kanoni, ga­
mocemuli komisiariatis mier, dadasturebuli iyo TiTqmis udavoT
da ulaparakoT erovnul sabWos mier. es warsulSi iyo. amis Semdeg
Cven, batonebo, moviwvieT damfuZnebeli kreba. aqvs raime mniSvneloba
Tu ara damfuZnebel krebas? Tu Cven varT gagrZeleba isev erovnul
sabWoisa, ese igi SemTxveviTi kreba, partiuli kreba da sxva araferi?!
me gTxovT amas unda miaqcioT didi yuradReba, imitom, rom im momen­
tidan, rac Cven gavxdiT wevrni damfuZnebeli krebisa, yvela Cvengani
valdebuli aris sul sxvanairad gauwios angariSi yvela movlenas,
yvela Tavis nabijs; Cven ufro unda CaukvirdeT yvela garemoebas,
ufro avswon-davswonoT igi da sindisis qveS gadaswyvitoT esa Tu is
sakiTxi. da Cven vmoqmedobT agre? sruliad ara. momxsenebelma sTqva,
rom es kanoni dakavSirebuli aris Zvel kanonTanao; mere ra? gana val­
debuli ar aris damfuZnebeli kreba, gadaaTvalieros yvela miRebuli
kanoni, xelaxlad ganixilos, aswon-daswonos da ise an daadasturos,

217
an uaryos, an Seitanos saWiro Sesworebani? me imis Tqma ar minda, rom
usaTuod damfuZnebelma krebam uaryos is kanonebi. ara, SesaZlebelia
miviRoT, magram im kanonis Sesaxeb, romelic adre iyo miRebuli, im
principis Sesaxeb, romelic safuZvlad edva am kanons, Cven araviTari
sja, da kamaTi ar gvqonia, araviTari Sefaseba, da dadgenileba ar ga­
mogvitania; Tu TviT principebi ar gangvixilavs, rogor gindaT vi­
laparakoT am kanon-proeqtze, romelic mxolod Sedegia an gagZeleba
im principebisa? amas unda ganxilva Tu ara? baton arseniZem sTqva,
Cven ara vCqarobT, Cven unda avwon-davwonoT yvelaferio. batonebo,
„fici mwams da bolo makvirvebs“, sad aris is agraruli kanoni, rome­
lic gatarda soflad? aris statistika mis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Sedegebi
mohyva am reformas?! viciT, Tu ra moxda Cven qveyanaSi? (xma: viciT!)
Tu Tqven iciT batono, mogvawodeT yvela cnoba da dawvrilebiT ag­
vixseniT. Cven amis Sesaxeb araferi viciT, araviTaris statistika ar
gvaqs. damSvidda qveyana Tu ara? rogor midis ekonomiuri cxovreba?
mogvelis simSili, Tu SeiZleba igi avicdinoT? Cven faqtebidan ki
viciT rom dRes Cven gvSian. (xmauroba) bevri faqtebi da mowmoben, rom
ekonomiur cxovrebaSi arev-dareva didi aris. SesaZlebelia rom amas
hqondes mWidro kavSiri im reformasTan, romelic Tqven gaatareT.
imisTvis, rom daafasoT Tu ra moxda am reformis Semdeg, Cven unda
vicodeT amis Sesaxeb yvelaferi dawvrilebiT, SesaZlebelia, Cveni
qveyana mieqanebodes daRupvisaken da amave dros modian aq, moaqvT
axali dekretebi, da amboben gagrZeleba aris winandel dekretebi­
sao. Tu simarTle aris b. arseniZis sityvaSi rom Cven yvelaferi unda
avwon-davwonoTo, me mets arafers viTxov. Tqven xarT damfuZnebeli
kreba, da SegiZlianT yvelaferi daangrioT, magram daangrieT mas Sem­
deg, roca yovelisferi awon-dawonili da gaTvaliswinebuli iqne­
ba. me ki darwmunebuli var, rom krebis umetes nawils warmodgenac
ara aqvs Tu ra xdeba qveyanaSi am reformis Semdeg. aseTi aCqareba ar
epatieba, ar Seefereba damfuZnebel krebas, Cven Semogvyurebs mTe­
li xalxi, da pasuxismgebelni varT xalxis winaSe. wavida is revoli­
ucionuri tempi, roca siCqariT unda dagvengria bevri ram. exla aris
damfuZnebeli kreba da gvmarTebs meti sifrTxile da mizan Sewoni­
loba. amitom, vinaidan, loRikuri safuZveli engreva Tqven dekrets,
radganac is damyarebulia im reformazed, romlis Sesaxeb Cven jer
msjelobac ki ara gvqonia, yovlad SeuZlebelia am dekretis miReba.
es erTi. garda amisa, batonebo, aq bevrjel iTqva, swored b. arseniZ­
es piriT bevrjer-gamoiTqva saRi azri, rom saWiro aris ekonomiuri
aRorZinebao. Zalian kargi, magram kidev vimeoreb, „fici mwams, bolo
makvirvebso“. Tqven erTs ambobT da sul sxvas akeTebT. ra aris saWiro
Tavdapirvelad ekonomiuri aRorZinebisTvis? rac gindaT ilapara­
koT, erTs ver dagvimtkicebT. ver dagvimtkicebT, rom saWiro ar iyos
energia pirovnobisa. Tu adamiani xel-Sekruli aris, eWvi ar aris,
rom yovelgvari ekonomiuri ganviTareba mouxerxebelia. umTavresi

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moTxovnileba aris swored Tavisufleba. Tu Tqven hxuTavT Tavisu­
fal moqmedebas, muSaobas, warmoebas, _ rogor gnebavT aRorZindes
Cveni qveyana ekonomiurad? marTalia Tqven brZaneT es kanoni droe­
biTiao, amiT gvaimedebT magram, batonebo, Tqveni daimedeba magonebs
ukvdav mark tvenis xumrobas, rodesac xma gavrcelda mark tveni mok­
vdao, mark tvenma telegrama gagzavna amerikaSi: „xma Cemi sikvdilis
Sesaxeb, Zalian gazviadebuliao“, swored aseTi xasiaTisaa Tqveni nu­
geSic. Tqveni kanoni ekonomiuri CamoxrCobaa moqalaqisa da Tqven ki
brZanebT „nu geSiniaT, es droebiTiao!“ Tu CamomaxrCobT, raRa droe­
biTia? (xma: riT aris CamoxrCoba?) riT aris CamoxrCoba? nuTu gne­
bavT konkretiulad mogaxsenoT? me, vsTqvaT maqvs miwa, gaWirebuli
cxovreba aris, me minda davatrialo, ara marto Cemi energia da is rac
mabadia, minda davagirao. nebas ar maZlevT, minda gavyido, nebas ar
maZlevT. imis nebac ki ar maqvs, rom sxvas gadavsce ijariT, da Tqven
ambobT ar gaxrCobTo. es kanoni xuTavs ekonomiur Zalebs. Tumca aq iyo
laparaki, aravin ar unda SevaSinoTo, magram Cven aseTi azrisa varT,
rom es xalxs daafTxobs. yvelasTvis aSkara aris rom nelnela midix­
arT, socialisturi gardaqmnisaken, jer sofelSi CamogvarTviT mam­
ulebi axla gadaxvediT qalaqebSi, Semdegi nabiji iqneba konfiskacia
Senobebisa da sxva. Tu amnairad ganagrZeT, ranairi aRorZineba iqneba
Cveni ekonomiuri cxovrebisa? es, ara Tu gaugebaria, aSkara aris, Cven
qveyanas daRupavs, Cven daRupvisaken mivdivarT. exla kidev aqedan
(marcxniv) mesmis: „revoliucia ariso“ batonebo, Tu revoliucia aris
dangreva, Cven aq ra moxeleni varT? (didi xmauroba (Tavmjdomare:
umorCilesad gTxovT, kerZo SekiTxvebs Tavi daanebeT!) batonebo, arc
Tqven brZandebiT didi revoliucionerebi, arc Tqven brZandebiT is
beRurebi, romelic budeebs ikeTeben tyviiT daxvretil barikadebSi.
Tqveni barikadebic aravis unaxavs. revoliucia iyo, marTalia, magram
axla amis Semdeg rac gaixsna damfuZnebeli kreba, amaze laparakic me­
tia. damfuZnebel krebas TiTon unda hqondes zedgavlena, TiTon unda
Caayenos cxovreba da misi Zalebi mSvidobian cxovrebis kalapotSi. da
Tu Tqven, wevrebi damfuZnebel krebisa kidev revoliuciaze ilapar­
akebT, es sasargeblo ar aris, es moaxdens Zalian cud STabeWdilebas
bevr saxelmwifoebze, romelnic ueWvelia gauweven angariSs Cvens Si­
naur politikas, Tu Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba ngrevas Seudga, ekono­
miuri cxovrebis ngrevas, me mgonia, saerTaSoriso TvalsazrisiT
(xmauroba) sargeblobas ar mogvitans. amitom Cveni fraqciis saxeliT
vacxadeb, rom es dekreti miuRebeli aris;
garda amisa, aris kidev erTi ZiriTadi sakonstitucio sakiTxi.
Cven unda SevqmnaT konstitucia. ZiriTadi principi yoveli konsti­
tuciebisa gaxlavsT swored pirovnebis Tavisufleba. swored kerZo
sakuTrebis principi aris safuZveli Tavisuflebisa, da Tu me miwa
wamarTviT, romelzedac me vdgevar da vmuSaob, Cemi Tavisufleba mo­
spobilia (didi xmauroba).

219
Tqveni dekreti ewinaaRmdegeba im princips, romelic gatarebu­
lia yvela demokratiul konstituciaSi. (xma: burJuaziul konsti­
tuciaSi) maCveneT socialisturi sad aris? SeiZleba marsze iyos an
kidev sxva varskvlavze, Tu iqidan xarT mofrenili, gTxovT ise iq war­
brZandeT da saqarTvelos ki Tavi daanebeT (sicili). amitom am nabi­
jis gadadgma ewinaaRmdegeba Cven ekonomiur da politikur cxovre­
bas. swored am mxriv es dekreti iqneba saziano da saSiSi. an uaryaviT
sruliad, an daubruneT komisias mTeli kanon-proeqtis SesamuSaveb­
lad. komisiam unda SeimuSaos es kanoni, da warmoadginos mTeli misi
masalebiT axsniT, ganmartebiT, gaSuqebiT, da yvelani davakvirdebiT
da saerTo RoniT, sinidisis qveS, miviRebT im kanons, romelic sa­
sargeblo da misaRebi iqneba Cveni qveynisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
kirile niniZe. (momx.) batonebo! aq ori mosazreba wamoayenes: erTi
egreT wodebuli memarjveneebis, xolo meore memarcxeneebis mxriv
(gvazava: eg aris Tqveni koziri!) me Sevexebi memarcxeneebs. isini ambo­
ben: Tu sazogadoT CamorTmevaa, ratom ar SeiZleba, rom samudamod
CamoerTvas dausaxlebeli miwebi. es aris erTi debuleba. es gamoa­
cxades b. baraTaSvilma da Sengelaiam. Tumca baraTaSvils savsebiT
garkveulad ar uTqvams. man mxolod moiTxova, rom meore muxlidan
amoiSalos sityva „dausaxlebeli“, maSasadame darCes miwa sazoga­
dod. magram, me mgoni baraTaSvilma unda icodes, rom momqmed samo­
qalaqo kanonebis ZaliT, Senoba iziarebs beds im miwisas, razedac
sdgas, ai aseTia kanoni. (Sengelaia: ukeTesia) es ukeTesiao, brZanebs
b. Sengelaia, SeiZleba es ukeTesi iyos, magram yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven
ar gangvizraxavs jer aseTi socialuri reforma, aseTi socialur
reformis moxdena. agrarulsa da iuridiul komisiaSi, isini idgnen
sul sxva Tvalsazrisze, sxva debulebidan gamodiodnen, rom Cven dRe­
vandel wyobilebaSi amas ver vexebiT. es didi sakonstitucio kiTx­
va aris. socialistur wyobilebas Tu gamovacxadebT, es damfuZnebel
krebas SeuZlian, magram Cveni agraruli komisia ase farToT ver Seex­
eba. Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom Cven vmoqmedobT arsebul kanonmdeblo­
bis da arsebul praqtikis mixedviT da Cveni arsebuli kanonmdebloba
da praqtika gveubneba, rom Cven socialistur wyobilebas ar vanxor­
cielebT. rom agre iyos, rom vanxorcielebdeT socialistur wyo­
bilebas, maSin, Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom yvela miwebze gavavrceleb­
diT ara droebiT, aramed samudamod, rogorc Sengelaia brZanebs. ese
igi Cven aukrZalavdiT samudamod yidva-gayidvas, ijariT gacemas,
ese igi movspobdiT kerZo sakuTrebas miwaze da Senobebze. e. i. Cven
movawyobdiT socialistur wyobilebas. es ase vsTqvaT, socialistur
pretenziebs ar exeba, ar gamomdinareobs saerTod Cven muSaobidan.
Tu gadaswydeba es kiTxva, gadaswydeba sxvagan sadme, an gadaswydeba
es quCaSi, an gadaswydeba es damfuZnebel krebaSi, romelic miiRebs am
kanons, da amisdamixedviT vimoqmedebT.

220
meore azri, romelic winaaRmdeg midis am kanon-proeqtisa, war­
moadgines b. gvazavam da asaTianma. aq erTi seriozuli azri aris!
viTom es proeqti xels Seuwyobs ngrevas sazogadod, ese vsTqvaT,
xels SeuSlis ganviTarebas, da b. asaTianma brZana, mospobs sazoga­
dod kerZo iniciativas da arev-darevas gamoiwvevso. me mgoni, rom es
gancxadeba ar emyareba araviTar sabuTs, radganac es proeqti exeba
im miwebs, romelic sruliad carielia, da Tavis Tavad cxadi da naTe­
lia, rom es iqneba droebiT, sanam gadawydeba am miwebis bedi. me mgonia
vinc adevnebda Tvalyurs Cven cxovrebas am 4-wlis ganmavlobaSi, yov­
el SemTxvevaSi arc erTi kapitalisti mrewveli ar scdilobda, rom
sazogadod raime gaekeTebina, an Senoba aego, amaSi fuls ar imetebda,
(arseniZe: arc gaimetebs!) SeiZleba arc gaimetos, maSasadame cxadia,
rom am erTi ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, yovlad SeuZlebelia movelo­
deT, rom am niadagze ayvavdes, aRorZindes fabrikebi, qarxnebi, sax­
lebi da sxva. piriqiT Cven vfiqrobT, radganac dRes kerZo iniciativa
ar iCens moqmedebis unars, es, rasakvirvelia garemoebis bralia, arc
kapitalistebis bralia, me amas ar vambob, Cven ar dagviwyvia saer­
TaSoriso omi, Cven ar gamogviwvevia is, rac moxda, Cven ar mogvixde­
nia es, arc baton Sengelaias (xma: fatalisti) yovel SemTxvevaSi arc
Tqven mogixdeniaT (xmauroba) (Tavmjdomaris zari) am arev-darevis
xanaSi, rodesac kerZo mwarmoebelni, kapitalisti fulis patroni ar
iCenda SemoqmedebiTi unars, SeuZlebelia, rom meti SemoqmedebiTi
unari exla gamoiCinos. TiTon sazogadoebas, am SemTxvevaSi, me mgo­
ni Cven unda mivceT amis saSualeba, an Cven municipalitetebs, an Cven
erobebs; TiTon saxelmwifomac unda daiwyos. ase rom, es sruliad ar
aris dangrevis xelis Sewyoba, piriqiT Cveni mecadineoba mimarTu­
lia iqiTken, rom avlagmoT, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, is batonebi,
romelTac SeZleba aqvT, magram, rogorc aq ganacxades, am SeZlebiT
sargebloben sul sxva miznisTvis da ar qmnian arafers, aramed atri­
aleben am fuls, am Tanxas, da qmnian erTgvar spekuliacias. da Tu b.
gvazavas hgonia, rom es SezRudva spekuliaciisa, ramdenadac es Ses­
aZlebelia, aris pirovnebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa, es me mgoni me­
tad ganyenebuli Teoria unda iyos, es imitom rom maSin Cven mivdivarT
ukiduresobamdis. es ukiduresoba me mesmis, rodesac mas anarqistebi
amboben, isini uaryofen yovelgvar SezRudvas. magram rodesac amas
ambobs, b. gvazava, romlis programa sul sxva aris, me ver gamigia aseT
ukidures Tavisuflebas, rogor uWers mxars. b. gvazava, ufro Sors
midis, is ise laparakobs, TiTqos Cveni qveyana erTgvari tabula rasa
iyos carieli dafa, razedac araviTari kanonebi ar sweria. amitom
mas Zalian ukvirs, rodesac me ganvacxade, rom am dekrets damok­
idebuleba aqvs agrarul kanonmdeblobasTan, imas ki hgonia, rom ar­
aviTari damokidebuleba ara aqvs, imitom, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
aris. magram damfuZnebeli kreba ar Segvigrovia imisTvis, rom gamo­
acxados sruli anarqia, rom eTqvas, araviTari kanoni ar arsebobs,

221
sanam Cven ar gamovcemTo, eseTi araferi ar uTqvams. damfuZnebel
krebam sTqva, mas SeuZlian Sescvalos kanon-proeqti. ai magaliTad,
rodesac gvazava warmoadgens iseT kanon-proeqts, romelic Secvlis
am agrarul kanonebs, romelic arsebobs, an sxva raime saSualebas
mogvcems, maSin sxvaa. magram dRes rogor SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom
damfuZnebeli kreba aris da amitom araviTari kanoni ar aris. ara ba­
tonebo, yovelive kanoni, sanam is ar uargviyvia, ar mogvispia, manam­
dis Cven am kanonebiT vcxovrobT, aqedan cxadia rom es kanonic unda
gaviTvaliswinoT. am dekretis mixedviT, ras vakeTebT? kidev erTi
kiTxva aris. rogorc b. gvazava brZanebs: miixedeT ukan Tu ra mogvi­
tana agrarul kanonmao, ra gakeTda, ra Sedegebi miviReTo. me mgonia,
rom erTi ram cxadia _ is, rom Cven gvqonda ajanyeba sofelSi, TianeT­
Si, duSeTis mazraSi, dRes ki ajanyeba ar aris. dRes Cveni glexoba
miwiT sargeblobs, (xmauroba) glexi, diax, dRes mowyobili aris da
maZRari. Tu TqvenTvis es araferi ar aris, Tu Tqven girCevniaT, rom
marto Tavadebi iyvnen kmayofilni (gvazava: demagogia aris) es sul
sxvaa. (gvazava: statistika?) (Tavmjdomare: gTxovT nu laparakobT.
(gvazava: cifrebi mogveciT, rom vicodeT raSia saqme.) agrarul komi­
siaSi mibrZandiT da cifrebs miiRebT, mibrZandiT saministroSi da
iq miiRebT cifrebs. aq ki amisaTvis cifrebi ar Segvikrebia. me mgo­
nia, rom yvela moqalaqem unda icodes gazeTebidan, cxovrebidan, rom
aRar aqvs adgili arev-darevas da ajanyebas, rogorc SarSan, sanam
agraruli kanoni ar gvqonda gamocemuli. ai me mgonia dadebiTi mx­
are es aris. exla saerTod me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti droe­
biTi imitom aris, rom unda gamoices axali kanoni. axali kanoni rom
gvqondes mzaT, ukve dawerili _ maSin miviRebdiT da Tavis Tavad cxa­
dia, maSin am droebiTi kanonSi saWiroeba ar iqneboda. magram es aris
winaswari zoma gatarebuli, imitom rom swored es kanon-proeqti
roca gamoicema, ar iyos haerSi Camokiduli misi ganxorcieleba. gar­
da imisa, rom rodesac xeluxlebeli rCeba Senobebi da erTi desiati­
na TavisTavad cxadia, rom aravin SezRuduli ar iqneba Tu is rames
akeTebs, da is miwebi rom iyos umoZraoT, amas araviTari mosazreba
ar moiTxovs. amitom SemovitaneT es dekreti.

erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba.

Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT erovnul-demokratiul fraq­


ci­i­sa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs)
erovnul-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Semdegi winadadeba:
„vinaidan saagraro komisiam principialurad miiRo mTavrobis war­
modgenili kanon-proeqti, romelic Semdgom gadaeca saagraro da iu­
ridiul komisias, mxolod misi iuridiuli da politikur Sedegebis

222
gamosarkvevad da am SeerTebul krebaze ki kanonproeqti arsebiTad
Seicvala da amis Semdeg saagraro komisias ar ganuxilavs es arsebiTi
cvlilebebi, _ Secvlili kanon-proeqti gadaeces agrarul komisias
gansaxilvelad“.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri winadadebas. vin aris momxre wina­
dadebis? vin aris winaaRmdegi? didi umravleoba winaRmdegia. maSa­
sadame winadadeba uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? vin aris
winaaRmdeg? Tavi vin Seikava? (asaTiani: qvorumi ar aris _ gTxovT
dasTvaloT ramdenia. (qvorumi sdgeba) winadadeba miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.

m u x l o b r i v i g a n x i l v a.

kirile niniZe. (kiTxulobs).


1. droebiT aikrZalos qalaqis farglebSi mdebare dausaxlebel
miwebis sxvaze sakuTrebad gadacema, dagiraveba da agreTve ijariT
gacema erTis wlis metis vadiT dRidan am dekretis miRebisa.
Tavmjdomare. mogaxsenebT winadadebas eserebis fraqciis Seswo­
rebisas.
vin aris momxre, rom pirvel muxlidan amoiSalos sityva droe­
biT? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Tavi vin Seikava? maSasadame uaryofilia.
Sesworeba meore. amoiSalos sityva dausaxlebeli.
vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Tavi vin Seikava? uaryo­
filia.
Sesworeba mesame. vin aris momxre rom amoiSalos sityvebi: erTi
wlis metis vadiT dRidan am dekretis miRebisa?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba uaryofilia. vin aris momxre pir­
vel muxlisa? pirveli muxli miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT SeniSvna.
kirile niniZe (kiTxulobs):
SeniSvna I: dasaxlebul miwad, romelic am SezRudvisagan Tavis­
ufalia, iTvleba yoveli miwa, romelzedac am dekretis gamocemamde
saxli, qarxana an sxva Senoba imyofeboda da teritoria am Senobis
garSemo saerTo sivrceTi ara umetes erTis desetinisa.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris sruliad amoiSalos pirveli
SeniSvna? vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdeg? es SeniSvna uaryo­
filia. vin aris momxre am SeniSvnisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebu­
lia. Semdegi.
kirile niniZe. (kiTxulobs).
SeniSvna II. yvela is xelSekruleba, romelic am dekretis gamoce­
mamde, an Semdeg aris Semdgari da exeba aRniSnul miwebis ijariT gace­
mas erTs welze metis vadiT, Zalas kargavs erTi wlis gasvlisTanave
vadidan am dekretis miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier.

223
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
exla neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT damateba social-demokratiul fraqci­
isa. (kiTxulobs) dekreti es ZalaSi Sedis dRidan damfuZnebel krebis
mier miRebisa.
vin aris momxre, rom muxli damatebiTi miviRoT? vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? Tavi vin Seikava? maSasadame meore muxli damatebiT aris
miRebuli.
exla kenWs uyri dekrets mTlianad. vin aris momxre? vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? (winaaRmdegia marto _ asaTiani). vin Seikava Tavi. es kanoni
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
meore kanon-proeqti. sityva ekuTvnis WiabriSvils.

kanon-proeqti saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi


salikvidacio Semweobis kanonis 2-re muxlis Secvlisa.

andro WiabriSvili. (s. d.) saqarTvelos parlamentis mier iyo


miRebuli kanoni 5 ivniss 1918 wels, romliTac saxelmwifos mosam­
saxureTa romelime dawesebulebis likvidaciis dros, an Semcirebis
dros, unda miscemodaT erTgvari jildo, rogorc umuSaobis dros
dasaxmareblad, agreTve maTi, egred wodebuli, wlebis damsaxure­
bis droisa.
am kanonis miRebiT parlamentma Sescvala is debuleba, romelic
iyo miRebuli droebiT mTavrobisagan 1918 wels 29 ivliss, romelic
maSin mosamsaxureebs, xSirad Zalian mcire vadis samsaxurisTvis, Tu
vinicobaa is raime mizezebis gamo iqneboda daTxovnili, Statebis
Semcirebis an Semoklebis gamo, Zalian did jildos aZlevda.
magaliTad SesaZlebeli iyo aseTi SemTxveva, rodesac mosamsax­
ures emsaxurna sul erTi Tve, da droebiTi kanonis Tanaxmad, rome­
lic droebiTi mTavrobis mier iyo miRebuli, unda miscemoda mas am
salikvidacio saxiT eqvsi Tvis jamagiri, da Tqven iciT rom, rodesac
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamocxadda Cveni finansiuri mdgo­
mareoba saSinel cud pirobebSi iyo Cayenebuli, mowyvetili viyaviT
ruseTisagan, sakuTari fulis niSnebi Cven TiTon ar gvqonda, da is
rac gaaCnda Cven xazinas aqedanac auarebeli xarjebis gaweva sWird­
eboda, egred wodebul, namdvil likvidaciis mosaxdenad im dawese­
bulebebSi, romelnic omis saWiroebiT iqmnen Seqmnili, magram amas
daerTo saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg meore
garemoeba, rom damoukideblobas Tan mohyva gaerovneba yvela saxel­
mwifo dawesebulebebisa. marTalia es erTbaSad ar momxdara, es Tan­
daTanobiT xdeba, da aTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi jer sruliad arc ki aris
damTavrebuli, magram umTavresi muSaoba gaerovnebisa ukve gaTave­
bulia. da am gaerovnebam Seqmna iseTi pirobebi, romelic auarebel
mosamsaxureebs saxelmwifo dawesebulebebisas, romelTa didi umrav­

224
lesoba warmoadgenda tomiT ara qarTvelebs, ar SeeZloT gaerovnebis
Semdeg saqme ewarmoebinaT, isini daTxovnili unda yofiliyvnen, ara
marto samsaxuridan, aramed Seiqmna iseTi pirobebi, rodesac es pirni
iZulebulni iyvnen daetovnebinaT respublikis sazRvrebi radganac
ar SeeZloT saTanado samsaxuris Sovna TavianT ojaxebis Sesanaxad.
aseTi pirobebi iyo miRebuli mxedvelobaSi, rodesac icvleboda
kanoni droebiTi mTavrobis mier miRebuli. marTalia maSin mcirdeba
normebi SedarebiT ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis mier SemuSavebul
kanonis aseTi mosamsaxureTa dasajildoveblaT, mcirdeba imitom
rom, rogorc mogaxseneT, Cveni dacarielebuli xazina Zalian bevr
xarjebs iRebda ruseTis dawesebulebebisTvis, mas ar hqonda SeZleba
rom am mxriv kidev ewarmoebina aseTi farTo dajildoveba am likvi­
daciis dros.
agreTve mxedvelobaSi miiRo parlamentma is garemoeba, rom aseT
mZime pirobebSi vardebodnen mosamsaxureebi, amitom man Seitana es
kanon-proeqti da Sescvala es muxli, romelic SedarebiT SeZlebas
aZlevda, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia Seemsubuqebina mosamsaxureebis
mdgomareoba, ra Tqma unda patara SeZlebas, magram mainc yovel SemTx­
vevaSi aZlevda, rom maT moexerxebinaT wasvla saqarTvelos sazRvre­
bidan. am mizniT iyo miRebuli maSin eseTi normebi, sadac erTi Tvis
muSaobisTvis aZlevdnen erTi Tvis jamagirs, mxolod eqvsi Tvis zeviT
Tu imsaxurebda, romelime dawesebulebaSi, erT wlamdis eZleoda Tve
nexevris jamagiri, da weliwadze meti _ ori Tvisa.
magram imave dros arsebobda Cven respublikaSi meore norma. es
norma gaxldaT momrigebel kameris muSebisaTvis, romelic Sedare­
biT mcire iyo. am rigaT erTgvari uTanasworoba rCebao da sxva da
sxva moqalaqeebisa, isini iyofodnen xarisxaT. erTi mosamsaxureebi da
meore muSebi. mosamsaxureebi am SemTxvevaSi ukeTes pirobebSi iyvnen
vidre muSebi, magram rogorc mogexsenebaT, es gazrax iyo daSvebuli,
radganac is mdgomareoba, romelic gamowveuli iyo gaerovnebiT Cvens
dawesebulebebSi da amasTan dakavSirebulia masiuri daTxovna am mo­
samsaxureebisa. es iyo mxedvelobaSi miRebuli da ganzrax iyo aseTi
upiratesoba am mosamsaxureebis likvidaciis dros daSvebuli.
Cven viciT exla, rom SeiZleba savsebiT ar aris damTavrebuli
gaerovnebis saqme, magram umTavresi saqme TiTqmis gaTavebuli aris.
mcireoden gamoklebiT TiTqmis. yvela dawesebulebebi gaerovnebuli
arian, da masiur daTxovnas am niadagze ukve CvenSi dRes adgili ara
aqvs. Tu exla moxdeba raime Semcireba mosamsaxureebis Statebisa, an
da moxdeba daxurva raime dawesebulebisa savsebiT aq aRar aris iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom mosamsaxureni iZulebulni iyvnen wavidnen sxvagan
Cven sazRvrebis gareSe, TavianT adgilis saZebnelad, radganac aq ver
iSovnian adgilebs, rom isini ver awarmoeben, ver ipovnian saimiso
muSaobas. iseT pirobebSi aRar arian. rCebian iseve aq da advilad Seu­
ZlianT iSovnon adgili, radganac Cven ukve vgrZnobT, vxedavT, viciT

225
rom xSirad saqmis mcodne mosamsaxures axal dawesebulebebSi, eroba­
Si da sxvagan, piriqiT itaceben.
amitom Cven gvgonia, rom saWiro aris Secvlili iyos is muxli
kanonisa, romelic parlamentis mier iyo miRebuli 5 ivniss, romelic
aZlevda am saxelmwifos dawesebulebebis mosamsaxureebs upirateso­
bas. aseTi winadadeba Semoaqvs Sromis saministros, es winadadeba
ukve safinanso sabiujeto komisiis mier iyo miRebuli ucvlelad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi rom
gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli
muxli.

muxlobrivi ganxilva.

andro WiabriSvili. (kiTxulobs) meore muxli axali redaqciiT:


2. mosamsaxureni, romelnic daTxovnili arian dawesebulebebis
gauqmebis gamo, an reorganizaciis, an Statebis Secvlis gamo, iReben
fuliT daxmarebas erT meTormeteds Tviuri jamagiris nawils yoveli
Tviuri samsaxurisaTvis, magram ara nakleb ori kviris jamagirisas. es
fuliT daxmareba gamoiangariSeba im jamagiris mixedviT, romelsac
daTxovnili daTxovnis dros Rebulobda.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
saerTod uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts. winaaRmdeegi aravin aris. miRe­
bulia.
Semdegi da ukanaskneli sakiTxi. momxsenebeli krebis wevri ar­
seniZe.

wesi kanonTa gamoqveynebisa.

raJden arseniZe. wesi kanonis, dekretis da dadgenilebis gamo­


qveynebisa SeiZleba did sakonstitucio sakiTxad dagvesaxos imitom,
rom zogierT konstituciaSi aseT gamoqveynebas didi iuridiuli
mniSvneloba aqvs.
zogan, iq sadac sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba Sesdgeba ara erT
romelime dawesebulebisagan, aramed or, sam dawesebulebisagan, erT
monawileTagani am kanonmdeblobiTi muSaobisa xelis moweriT iRebs
monawileobas kanonmdeblobaSi. magaliTad sadac aris ori palata da
mefe, an sadac aris aseT uflebiT aRWurvili prezidenti, iq xelis
mowera mefisa an prezidentisa kanonproeqtze aris aucilebeli el­
ementi, aucilebeli momenti, romelmac esa Tu is dadgenileba unda
aqcios kanonaT da mas mieces dasrulebuli kanondeblobiTi saxe da
xasiaTi. gareSe am elementis igi kanonaT ar iTvleba. igi rCeba proeq­
tad, magram ar aqvs kanonis mniSvneloba. aseTi aris zogierTi konsti­
tuciis debuleba. da ai aq xelis moweras eZleva didi mniSvneloba,
bevrad meti imaze, vinem Cveulobriv ubralo xelmoweras SeiZleba mi­

226
vceT, magram Cven, am Jamad, sruliad ar gamovdivarT, da ar gvindoda
gamovsuliyaviT aseT sakonstitucio magaliTidan.
Cven gvgonia, rom, saqme gvaqs demokratiul wes-wyobilebasTan,
sadac damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc suverenuli gamomxatveli xalx­
is suverenul neba-uflebisa, aris erTad erTi kanonmdebeli Zala. ma­
Sasadame sxva rame dawesebulebis da organos monawileobaze kanon­
mdeblobaSi laparakic ki zedmetia. erTad erTi kanonmdebeli Zala
gaxlavT damfuZnebeli kreba. da yovelive is, rac mowonebulia dam­
fuZnebel krebisagan _ ukve amiT iRebs savaldebulo xasiaTs mTel
respublikisaTvis. es xdeba mTeli xalxis saxeliT, mTel xalxis suv­
erenul uflebis ZaliT.
es aris saerTo debuleba. amis gamo TiTon wesi gamoqveynebisa sxva
da sxva piris xelis moweriT da sxva, iqceva, xdeba ara kanonmdeblo­
bis aqtaT aramed ubralod formalobis Sesrulebad, texnikis saqmeT,
romelic unda win uZRodes gamoqveynebas kanonisas, ese igi imas, rasac
damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs, moiwonebs da daadasturebs. namdvili
kanonmdebloba, SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba sruldeba, Tavdeba damfuZneb­
el krebis darbazSi. is aqti, romelsac adgili aqvs amis gareSe, aris
mxolod Sesruleba formalobisa, mas SeiZleba mivceT sxva mniSvnelo­
ba, magram ar SegviZlian mivceT mniSvneloba kanonmdeblobaSi monaw­
ileobisa, an kanonmdeblobis Sinaarsze raime gavlenis moxdenisa.
ai aseTi gaxlavT saerTo debuleba. radganac es debuleba gaiziara
komisiam, romelmac warmoadgina Tqven winaSe proeqti, am proeqts
ewoda wesi da ara dekreti, kanonproeqti an sxva ram. aq aris mxolod
wesi, rusebi ityvian „pravilo“, am gamoqveynebisa, ese igi is texniku­
ri gza, romelic unda gaiaros kanonma, mas Semdeg roca is miRebu­
lia damfuZnebel krebis mier, rom is gamoqveynebuli iqnes. ai es aris
mTavari debuleba, mTavari azri, romelmac misca saxeli, saTauri
aq warmodgenil winadadebas. Cven visargebleT im garemoebiT, rom
Cven gvqonda ukve kanoni kanonTa gamoqveynebisa, miRebuli jer kidev
erovnul sabWos mier, romelsac vgoneb ukve parlamenti ewodeboda
maSin, 11 oqtombers 1918 wels. am kanonis ZaliT gamoqveyneba yovel­
gvar kanonebisa evaleboda mTavrobas, romelsac igi unda dauyovneb­
liv moeTavsebina kanonebis da mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebulSi,
mxolod am krebulis daarsebamde oficialur organo „saqarTvelos
respublikaSi“, aseTi iyo debuleba im kanonisa, romeliTac xelZRvane­
lobda parlamenti. Cven saWiroT miviCnieT, rom es forma, es saxe gamo­
qveynebisa darCeniliyo ara marto kanonebisaTvis, aramed damfuZneb­
el krebis yovel gvar dadgenilebisaTvis, romelsac is miiRebs e. i.
mis yovel gvar daskvnisaTvis, romelsac is kamaTis Semdeg gamoitans
ama Tu im saxiT, iqneba es daskvna kanonis, dekretis, ubralo dadge­
nilebis, Tu gadasvlis formulis saxiT, iqneba es rezoliucia Tu sxva
rame. yvela is daskvna, romelsac gaakeTebs ama Tu im kamaTis Semdeg
damfuZnebeli kreba, unda moTavsebuli iyos kanonTa da mTavrobis

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gankargulebaTa krebulSi. mizezi amisa gaxlavT is, rom damfuZnebe­
li kreba imave dros gankargulebebis gamomcemelic aris, aRmasrule­
bebli Zalis moqmedebebSic ereva da sxva. cxadia, am mxriv igi mTav­
robasac warmoadgens, aRmasrulebeli Zalac aris, da xSirad moxdeba,
rom igi pirdapir uSuamavlod miiRebs monawileobas aRmasrulebel
Zalis muSaobaSi, SemoqmedebaSi. cxadia misi ama Tu im xasiaTis dad­
genileba unda iqnes gamoqveynebuli iq, sadac am gvar xasiaTis dadge­
nilebis, instruqciis Tu gankargulebis dabeWvda swarmoebs. Semdeg
aRiZra ubralo sakiTxi, texnikuri sakiTxi; vin unda moaweros xeli
da gamoaqveynos es daskvnebi, mTavrobam Tu pirdapir damfuZnebelma
krebam? Cven miviReT, rom gamoqveyneba aris valdebuleba mTavrobisa.
rasakvirvelia, ar gamouwvevia dava im garemoebas, rom yvela dad­
genilebaze damfuZnebeli krebisa unda moaweros xeli prezidiumis
wevrma. es iyo udavo. komisiaSi mcireodeni kamaTi gamoiwvia iman, mdi­
vanmac unda moaweros xeli, Tu sakmarisia Tavmjdomaris xelis mow­
era. komisiam daadgina, rom Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera yvela dadge­
nilebis qveS sruliad sakmarisia, imis dasamowmeblad, rom esa Tu is
kanoni marTla ama Tu am formiT aris miRebuli damfuZnebeli krebis
mier. xelis mowera, am SemTxvevaSi, mxolod damowmeba aris imisa, rom
xelmowerili aqti marTlac Seefereba sinamdviles, rom marTla am
aqts hqonda adgili. rogorc yovel krebaze, aqac amas adaturebs Tav­
mjdomare Cveni sxdomebisa.
Semdeg daibada meore sakiTxi: aris Tu ara saWiro mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomaremac moaweros xeli? azris gacvla gamocvlis da kamaTis Sem­
deg, komisia erTxmad daadga am azrs, rom saWiroa da aucilebelic,
rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem xeli moaweros kanonebis da dekretebis
qveS da ara im dadgenilebebs, romelTac gankargulebis xasiaTi aqvs
da romelnic Seicaven pirdapir Carevas ama Tu im aRmasrulebel Za­
lis muSaobaSi. es ukanaskneli ar moiTxovs Tavmjdomaris xelis mow­
eras. am gvaraT mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier saWiro aris xelis
mowera im gvar proeqtebze, romelnic Seicaven erTgvar iuridiul
normebs. Cven vfiqrobT, rom kanoni aris iuridiuli norma, dekret­
ic umravles SemTxvevaSi Seicavs iuridiul normas, Tumca droebiTis
xasiaTis, maSin, rodesac dadgenilebas iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aqvs aseTi
xasiaTi. Cveulebriv ki dadgenilebas eqneba gankargulebis xasiaTi, an
dawuneba-mowonebis xasiaTi da ara kanonmdeblobiTi, amitom am dad­
genilebaze xelis mowera mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier Cven zedme­
tad migvaCnia. miT umetes, rom SesaZlebelia, xSirad es Seexos TviT
mTavrobis kabineTs. aviRoT magaliTad is dadgenilebani, romliTac
iwoneben, an afaseben ama Tu im moqmedebas. es Seexeba maSin TviTon Tav­
mjdomaresac da mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera aseT dadge­
nilebaze SeuZlebelia, zedmetia. SeiZleba agreTve iyos iseTi dadge­
nilebac, romelnic mTavrobas sruliad ar Seexeba. ai, magaliTad Cven
miviReT dadgenileba komisiis Sesaxeb, rom komisiebma airCion mcire

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komisiebi. es aris sfero damfuZnebel krebis sakuTari muSaobisa da
amaze aRmasrulebel Zalis xelmowera zedmetia. danarCenSi ki, iq, sa­
dac aRmasrulebeli Zala valdebulia Cveni SemuSavebuli kanonebi da
dekretebi cxovrebaSi gaataros, ganaxorcielos, komisias saWirod
miaCnia mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelismowera. am xelis moweras ar
aqvs iseTi mniSvneloba, TiTqos amiT mTavrobis Tavmjdomare mTavro­
bis saxeliT iRebdes monawileobas TiTon kanonmdeblobaSi. amas aqvs
mxolod erTi mniSvneloba, is, rom aq aris erTi mTliani moqmedeba,
rogorc kanonmdeblobiTi ise aRmasrulebel Zalisa, aq aris sruli
Tanxmoba orive elementisa, im mTavrobisa, romelic aris aRWurvili
damfuZnebel krebis ndobiT da TviT damfuZnebel krebisa, romelic
kanonmdeblobiTi muSaobas awarmoebs. meores mxriv es aris erTgvari
valdebuloba, rom aRmasrulebelma Zalam miiRo esa Tu is kanoni, esa
Tu is dekreti asasruleblad, da valdebulia dauyonebliv cxovre­
baSi gaataros, da mis gatarebaSi pasuxic agos. ai aseTi mniSvneloba
aqvs Tavmjdomaris xelismoweras. kidev erTi mniSvneloba aqvs amas.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare im konstruqciiT, im praqtikiT, romelic mi­
viReT damfuZnebel krebaSi, aris umaRlesi warmomadgeneli respub­
likisa. maSin vlaparakobdiT, rom es aris, ase vTqvaT, _ mTeli Cveni
respublikis erT personaSi ganmaxorcielebeli, esaa Cveni warmomad­
geneli. is ufleba, romelic saerTod aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, ro­
gorc warmomadgenlobis matarebels, Cven gadaveciT am erT pirs, Cven
mier arCeuls, da Cven gvgonia rom imis xelis mowera niSnavs imas, rom
is piri, romelsac Cven mivandeT am mTlianobis gamoxatva, rogorc aR­
masrulebeli Zala, savsebiT emorCileba da eqvemdebareba am kanonebis
asrulebas da cxovrebaSi gatarebas. ai am mxriv aqvs mniSvneloba
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis moweras.
meore ufro praqtikuli mniSvneloba Tu gnebavT xelis mowerisa,
es iqneba is, rom xalxSi gamtkicebulia erTgvari idea imisa, rom mTav­
roba moqmedebs, monawileobas iRebs kanonis gamocemaSi, Tvalyurs
adevnebs yvelafers, rac xdeba mis garSemo, da yovelive moqmedeba da
muSaoba mis gankargulebis qveS unda iyos asrulebuli da gatarebu­
li. dRevandel arev-darevis xanaSi amas aqvs mniSvneloba, imitom rom,
Tu raime aris susti dRes am sazogadoebriv ryevis xanaSi, _ es aris
mTavroba da mTavrobis aparati; da mis gamagrebas aqvs didi mniSvn­
eloba. es xelis mowera ki sistematiuri gaxsenebaa imisa, rom roca
Tqven kiTxulobT kanonebs im umaRles dawesebulebisa, romelic mTe­
li xalxis saxeliT laparakobs, amave dros Tqven xedavT, rom mTavro­
ba aris gamomcemeli im kanonebisa, rogorc aRmasrulebeli Zala. ai es
mudmivi gaxseneba mgonia dRes zedmeti ar iqneba CvenSi.
yvela am mosazrebis gamo, komisia daadga im daskvnas, rom mTav­
robis Tavmjdomarem unda moaweros xeli, yvela im dekrets, da kan­
ons, romelsac moiwonebs damfuZnebeli kreba da miiRebs. ai es aris
mokleT azri im wesisa, romelic warmodgenilia Tqvens winaSe. erTi

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kidev unda daumato: am wess ara aqvs, rasakvirvelia, mniSvneloba
mudmivi xasiaTisa, igi exeba mxolod damfuZnebel krebas, da Seicavs
wess damfuZnebel krebis dadgenilebis, dekretebis, kanonebis gamo­
qveynebisas da sxva arafers. rogor imoqmedebs momavalSi parlamenti,
an rogori iqneba konstitucionuri wesi, kanonTa gamoqveynebis, Cven
dRes ar SegviZlian ganvsazRvroT. amasTanave es wesi SeTanxmebulia
im reformasTan, romelic Cven miviReT da romliTac mTavrobis Tavm­
jdomare aris arCeuli damfuZnebel krebis mier, da yvela danarCeni
wevrebi kabineTSi arian misgan mowveuli da erTgvari pasuxis mgeblo­
bis matarebeli Cvens winaSe. es Tu gnebavT originalobaa, vinaidan me
ar vici arc erTi respublika, sadac arsebobdes mTavrobis Sedgenis
aseTi wesi, rogorc aris Cven mier miRebuli. ai am wess Seefereba da
eTanxmeba loRikurad es wesi kanonis gamoqveynebisa. amitom Cven saW­
irod davinaxeT, rom eseTi wesi da Cveni praqtikul moqmedeba erTma­
neTTan loRikurad dakavSirebuli da miRebuli yofiliyo damfuZne­
beli krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.) roca varCevT sakiTxs umTavresi yuradRe­
ba unda mivaqcioT ara saTaurs, aramed Sinaarss. Tumca sweria „wesi“,
magram rodesac waikiTxavT muxlobriv, Tqven mixvalT im daskvnamdis,
rom swored es aris kanon-proeqti.
yovel kanon-proeqts ori mxare aqvs: Sinaarsi da forma. momxsen­
ebeli marTalia da Cven veTanxmebiT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aris
warmomadgeneli xalxisa da kanonmdeblobiTi ufleba martoka mis xe­
lSia. magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom sakmari ar aris, rom Tqven miiRebT
kanon-proeqts. mas kidev unda misceT Zala da cxovrebaSi gaataroT.
amisTvis saWiroa kidev formaluri mxare. Sinaarsi unda Camoyalib­
des formaSi. rodis xdeba kanoni kanonad? pirveli muxlidan im kanon­
proeqtisa sCans rom kanons unda moaweros xeli Cvenma Tavmjdomarem.
Cveni nebis gamomxatvelia Cveni Tavmjdomare, igi iRebs monawileo­
bas, rogorc kanonis SemuSavebaSi, ise mis gadawyvetaSi. kanons unda
moaweros xeli Tavmjdomarem, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis warmo­
madgenelma. es mxare kanonisa aucilebelia. uamisod kanoni ar xdeba
kanonad. Semdgom kanoni cxaddeba mTavrobis sayuradRebod da aRsas­
ruleblad igi unda ganxorcieldes. am kanons veravin ver Seayenebs.
mTavroba ver SeaCerebs am kanonis gamoqveynebas. kanoni ZalaSi Sedis
Tundac mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris winaaRmdeg. maSasadame kanonma rom
kanonis saxe miiRos da Tavisi Zala hqondes, _ sakmarisia xelismowera
martoka Cveni Tavmjdomarisa. amis Semdeg Tqven gkiTxvaT rad gvinda
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mowera?
Cven rom gavecnoT zogierTi qveynebis kanonmdeblobas, davinax­
amT, rom kanonmdeblobaSi iRebs monawileobas mTavrobis warmomad­
geneli. safrangeTis konstituciiT aucilebelia kanonze preziden­
tis xelis mowera, maSin kanoni Sedis ZalaSi. swored am Cven kanons

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Tqven iseTive Tvisebebs akuTvnebT. ganmartebas momxseneblisas aravin
ar kiTxulobs. ganmarteba ganmartebis saxiT rCeba, kanoni kanonad. me
meSinian, rom arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar miiRos meore muxlma, rom xelis
mowera mTavrobis Tavmjdomarisa aris gamoxatva misi nebisyofisa, Tu
es aris erTgvari wesi, meqanikuri wesi kanonTa gamocxadebisa. kanon­
proeqti aRniSnuli unda iyos calke muxlad da Tu meore muxli ucv­
lelad darCeba, maSin gamomdinareobs, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
swored kanonmdeblobaSi Tavis xelis moweriT iRebs monawileobas.
maSasadame, aq arc texnikuri da arc meqanikuri wesis sakiTxia.
kiTxva ufro Rrmad aris dasmuli. damfuZnebelma krebam mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare gamoacxada umRles warmomadgenlad, am umaRlesma war­
momadgenelma unda moaweros xeli, upirvelesad unda iTqvas, rom
es umaRlesi warmomadgeneli ras niSnavs, ra Sinaarsi mosdevs im si­
tyvas, jer-jerobiT CvenTvis CvenTvis gamourkvevelia. ra uflebiT
aris aRWurvili mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, ar viciT. momxsenebeli amt­
kicebs, rom umaRlesma warmomadgenelma unda moaweros xeli. aqedan
is daskvna SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT, rom igi iRebs monawileobas kanon­
mdeblobaSi, risic Cven winaaRmdegi varT yoveli Cveni arsebiT, Cve­
ni fraqciis azriT mTavroba martoka aris aRmasrulebeli Zala, da
rogorc aseTma, unda miiRos kanoni da cxovrebaSi gaataros, imisda
miuxedavad, moswons Tu ar moswons, eTanxmeba Tu ar eTanxmeba. amer­
ikaSi, magaliTad, prezidents, Tu ar eTanxmeba kanons, SeuZlian Ta­
vis vetoTi SeaCeros kanonis moqmedeba. uzenaesi, kanonmdeblobiTi
uflebebi aqvs martoka damfuZnebel krebas, da aravis neba ar aqvs misi
kanonebi SeaCeros da Seaferxos, Cvenis azriT saWiroeba ar moiTxovs,
rom kanonebi iyos xelmowerili mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier, imi­
tom meore muxli am kanon-proeqtisa unda amoiSalos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs nucubiZes.
ilia nucubiZe (s.-r.) damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! Tumca Cveni
xma darCeba xmaT mRaRadebelisa udabnosa Sina, magaram mainc valdeb­
ulaT vsTvliT Cven Tavs kategoriulaT ganvacxadoT, rom es proeq­
ti yovlad miuRebelia im saxiT, rogorc warmodgenlia, radganac es
proeqti zRudavs damfuZnebel krebis suverenul uflebas. damfuZne­
beli kreba, rogorc viciT, ar emorCileba araviTar tradicias, TviT
qmnis tradicias. damfuZnebeli kreba, rogorc aseTi, aris dasabami
da dasasruli, is aris uzenaesi warmomadgeneli xalxisa da amitom
mxolod da mxolod damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomares unda hqondes
ufleba kanonebis xelis mowerisa. damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis praq­
tikaSi TandaTan gvepareba iseTi elementebi, romlebsac mivyavarT
damfuZnebeli krebis suverenobis SezRudvisaken. pirvelad _ dam­
fuZnebeli krebis mier respublikis uznaesi warmomadgenlis arCeviT
Seiqmna ori uzenaesi warmomadgeneli _ damfuZnebeli kreba da mTav­
robis Tav­mjdomare. Cveni fraqciisaTvis es iseTive gaugebari da mi­
uRebeli iyo, rogorc gaugebeli da miuRebelia, exla rom kanonebs

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xels awerdes mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. aseTi movlena me magonebs erT
alags RvTis metyvelebidan (xmauroba). RmerTi aris erTi, magram sam­
pirovani, _ gvaswavlis ukanaskneli. samive piri aris yovlis SemZle,
yvelganmyofi, Tanaswori, magram imave dros aris mainc da mainc erTi
RmerTi (xmauroba) es moZRvreba gaugebari da mouRebelia glexebi­
saTvis, magram RvTis metyveleba gveubneba _ gaugebaria gonebisaTvis,
magram rwmeniT unda moiRoTo. sworeT ase aris aqac. gonebisaTvis
gaugebelia rom ori uzenaesi warmomadgeneli gvyavdes erTsa da imave
dros _ respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da damfuZnebeli kreba.
magram Cven gveubnebian _ endeT aseT wess, aseT garemoebas. imitom rom
demokratiuli weswyobilebaao. rodesac ZiriTad kanonebs vqmniT da
Cvenis azriT es ZiriTadi sakiTxia, Cven unda vxelmZRvanelobdeT ara
momentiT, aramed ZiriTadi mosazrebiT. Tqven gsurT rwmenaze aaSe­
noT Tqveni sakanonmdeblo moRvaweoba, Cven ki gonebaze (l. naTaZe _
RvTis metyvelebaze!) diax, Tqven RvTis metyvelebaze aSenebT Tqven
muSaobas.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT RvTis metyvelebas Tavi daaneboT!
nucubiZe. b-n momxsenebels surda daemtkicebina, rom kanonebze
mTavrobis Tavmjdomris xelis mowera aucilebliv saWiroa da daamt­
kica ki sul sawinaaRmdego. swored im garemoebas, romel garemoebi­
sac Cven gveSinoda, gausva xazi. man sTqva, rom am wess aqvs erTgvari
politikuri mniSvneloba, e. i. rodesac mTavrobis Tavmjdomare
moawers xels, Seiqmneba erTnairi fsixologia xalxSi, xalxi SeeCve­
va mas, rom Cven gvyvavs Zlieri mTavroba. aseTi garemoeba, Cvenis az­
riT, metaT saxifaToa. xalxi SeeCveva im azrs, rom Cveni mTavroba aris
kanonmdebeli. Cveni movaleoba kia gavagebioT xalxs da SevaCvioT is
im azrs, rom mTavroba aris aRmasrulebeli kanonis da ara kanonmde­
beli. yovlad miuRebelia rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare awerdes xels
kanonebs da amitom winaaRmdegi varT eseTi wesis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis b. p. sayvareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! damfuZnebel krebis wevri b.
TevzaZe ambobs rom es SezRudva aris, rom sazogadod Cven mivdivarT
SezRudvisaken.
Tavmjdomare. ukacraoT, TevzaZe ar gaxlavT, _ nucubiZe gaxlavT.
p. sayvareliZe. ukacravad, bodiSs vixdi. batono nucubiZe, rode­
sac parlamentSi vmoRvaweobdiT da kanonebs vimuSavebdiT swored
ise, rogorc Cven vlaparakobT, ras fiqrobdiT maSin? fiqrobdiT rom
SezRudva iyo parlamentis muSaobisa? fiqrobdiT rom vRalatobdiT
saqarTvelos Tavisuflebas, mis suverenobas? sruliadac ara! yvelam
vicodiT, rom Tavmjdomaris xelis moweriT arc erT kanonSi, romelic
gamoqveynebuli iyo parlamentis da erovnul sabWos arsebobis dros,
araferi ar Secvlila, araviTari SezRudva, araviTari konfliqti ar
momxdara maSasadame, Tqven unda daamtkicoT rom warsulSiac zRuda­
vda. marto amiT, praqtikiT, warsuls praqtikiT, warsuli moRvawe­

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obiT Cveulebriv uflebiT SeiZleba uaryoT Tqveni argumentacia, b.
nucubiZe -baraTaSvilo.
sxvaTa Soris konstituciebi. aris konsituciebi, aris saxelmwi­
foebi, demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi, Tunda inglisi movigonoT, sad­
ac konstituciuri kanonebi ar arseboben, sadac Cveulebriv uflebiT
ufro xelmZRvaneloben. Cveni Cveulebrivi ufleba aris namdvili ar­
seba, namdvili wyaro politikuri da parlamentis muSaobisa. nu Tu
ar SeiZleba? daamtkicoT, nu Tu amis damtkiceba warsul moRvaweo­
bidan ar SeiZleba? waruli praqtika amtkicebs, rom araviTari Sez­
Rudva ar yofila imiT, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomare, Cveni mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare awerda xels. amiT mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis mow­
era ki ar amtkicebda kanons, an sanqcias aZlevda, an vetos uflebiT
sargeblobda, ara. rasakvirvelia, kanonSi pirdapir sweria: kanoni
dauyonebliv Sedis ZalaSi, raki igi miRebulia parlamentis mier da
mTavrobis xelmouwerloba parlamentis kanons ver SeaCerebs.
batonebo, saWiroa kanons mivaqcioT yuradReba. Tumca Cveni
kanonebi gabneulia, magram parlamentis mier miRebuli yvela kanonebi
aris damfuZnebeli krebis kanonebic.
rodesac damfuZnebelma krebam aRiara 12-marti, qveynis da isto­
riis winaSe damoukideblobis aqti, maSasadame aRiara rom damou­
kidebeli saxelmwifo iyo. da roca gamosca, gamoaqveyna es, man miiRo
parlamentis mier miRebuli kanonebic. es aqti... (gvazava: es ese ar
iyo)! ase aris!
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, batonebo umorCilesad gTxovT, adgil­
idan nu inebebT laparaks.
sayvareliZe. mainc da mainc kanoni kanonTa gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb
abobs, rom dauyonebliv unda gamoqveyndes, maSasadame SiSi ar gvqonia
konfliqtisa. dRes ki modian da amboben, SezRudvisken mivdivarTo.
SezRudva praqtikaSi ar yofila, maSasadame amaze laparaki zedmetia.
meore faqti is yofila Turme, rom Cven miviReT umaRlesi war­
momadgenloba respublikis mTavrobis TavmjdomarisTvis. arc aq
aris araviTari SezRudva. vinc icis ubralo anbani saxelmwifos cx­
ovrebisa, is dameTanxmeba, man icis, rom usaTuod aris aRmasruleb­
el organos erTi piri, romelic warmoadgens saxelmwifos. ra aris
batonebo, saxelmwifo? koleqtiur warmomadgenloba. arsad ar aris,
uamisod saxelmwifos cxovreba, aiReT respublikebi, yvela respub­
likebis mTavroba, emorCileba Tavis parlaments. magram saxelmwifos
cxovrebis aRmasrulebeli organo, mTavroba da misi Tavmjdomare
aris gamomxatveli am suverenobisa. da moqmedebs misi saxeliT. aiReT
Sveicariis mTavroba. is SedarebiT uRono mTavrobaa. mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomare aris prezidenti Sveicariis respublikisa, es prezidenti
yovel wliurad irCeva, erTi meoreze orjel arCevis neba ar aqvs _
(Sengelaia: socialisturi damfuZnebeli kreba!) ukacravad, social­
istur damfuZnebel krebaze mogaxsenebT mere, Tu iqneba laparaki.

233
dRes ki Cven gvaqs laparaki imaze, arRvevs Tu ara Tavisuflebas is,
rac Cven miviReT. es aris gamoxatuleba imisa, rac aris. ra hqna dam­
fuZnebel krebam? damfuZnebel krebam aRiara, premieroba, mTavrobis
Tavmjdomareoba. mTavrobis Tavmjdomares misca neba warmoadginos
saxelmwifo sagareo da Sinaur kiTxvebSi da imave dros man angari­
Si misces yvela Tavis moqmedebaSi damfuZnebel krebas. es aris Cveni
SezRudva? cxadia, es SezRudva ar aris. magram isini, vinc daavad­
myofebulni arian fraziT, demokratiul fraziT, revoliucionur
frazeologiiT, xandisxan ver gaigeben saxelmwifos Senebis saWiroe­
bas da elandebaT SezRudva xalxis uflebisa iq, sadac amis mgzavsi
ara aris ra. sampirovnebaze, RvTis metyvelobaze laparakoben. magram
RvTis metyvelobis magaliTic amtkicebs sul winaaRmdegs. mTavroba
igive ar aris, rac damfuZnebeli kreba. mTavroba mTavroba aris da
damfuZnebeli kreba damfuZnebeli krebaa. Cven senatsac avirCevT, ma­
gram damfuZnebeli kreba iqneba da aris umaRlesi batoni, umaRlesi
Zala-uflebis warmomadgeneli. damfuZnebeli kreba andobs mTavrobis
Tavmjdomares, rom igi iyos warmomadgeneli respublikisa sagareo
saqmeebSi, es aris anbani sakonstitucio sakiTxisa.
exla arsebiTad. marTalia, didi danaSauloba CavidineT? unda
mogaxsenoT is, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi kanonebi qveyndeba ise, ro­
gorc yvelgan. ratom vSvrebiT amas? imitom ki ara, rom varRvevdiT
parlamentis da xalxis uflebas, aramed imitom, meti simtkice migve­
ca kanonebisaTvis xalxis SegnebaSi mTavrobisTvis da Cvens weswyo­
bilebisaTvis. batonebo, unda icodeT, rom bevrgan sadac xels awers
xolme prezidenti, es xelis mowera aris sanqcia, uamisod ar Sedis
kanoni ZalaSi dauyonebliv, maSasadame laparaki imaze, rom raRac
elementia kanonmdeblobisa, ar SeiZleba. Cven vlaparakobT, rom is
aris ara elementi kanonmdeblobisa, aramed elementi kanonis pub­
likaciisa. es aris gansxvaveba, amas ar unda auxvioT gverdi, amaze
unda ilaparakoT. Cven vambobT, ara marto uflebrivi, ara marto
konstitucionuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed praqtikul TvalsazrisiT
es uTood saWiro aris. amboben, rom mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis
moweras xalxi gaigebs ise, rom viTom mTavroba aris umaRlesi warmo­
madgeneli, roca dainaxavs kanonis qveS mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xe­
lso. xalxi ise gaigebso. ara batonebo, xalxma icis erTi, icis rom, is
saxelmwifo daRupulia, romlis kanonmdebeli organo erTs acxadebs,
da mTavroba meores. es qmnis kriziss, arevdarevas. saxelmwifo aris
mtkice, roca es organoebi SekavSirebulad moqmedeben. Cvenis azriT
xelis mowera, romelic sWirdeba publikacias da ara kanondeblobas,
ukve Seqmnis, ganamtkicebs im azrs da xalxic gaigebs, rom saqarTve­
loSi araviTari konfliqti, araviTari darRveva, araviTari daSla
am didi, umaRlesi organosi ar aris. amitom praqtikuladac momxre
varT, rom kanoni xelmowerili iyos mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier
mxolod gamosaqveyneblad. Tavi rom davaneboT Zvel kanonebis gamo­

234
qveynebas, xelmouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlas. cxa­
dia, vetos uflebaze Tavis Tavad SeuZlebelia laparaki. es Sexedule­
ba araviTar SezRudvas ar iwvevs, konstitucias ar ewinaaRmdegeba,
praqtikas xels uwyobs, kanonze awers xels mTavrobis Tavmjdomare,
amiT is savaldebulod ixdis kanons, aqveynebs mas, aZlevs Zalas say­
ovelTaod, xalxis SegnebaSi. amnairad Cven vRebulobT iseT praqti­
kas, rom kanondeblobiTi muSaoba da aRmasrulebeli muSaoba swor
kalapotSi CavayenoT da araviTari arev-dareva xalxis SegnebaSi ar
gamoviwvioT.
b. ioseb baraTaSvili aq gvewinaaRmdegeba, Tvara sakonstitucio
komisiaSi gvemxroboda. iq kanoni erTxmaT iyo miRebuli. safrangeTis
prezidentis magaliTiT araferi damtkicdeba. am magaliTiT, piriqiT,
Cveni azriT mtkicdeba. rogorc vTqviT Cveni azri exeba ara sanqcias,
aramed publikacias, amitom uarsayofad migvaCnia yvela is, rac moiy­
vanes Cvens winaaRmdeg opoziciis oratorebma.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi damTavrebuli gaxlavs. sityva ekuTvnis momx­
senebels.
raJden arseniZe. aq bevri salaparako araferi maqvs. marTalia
publikaciis wess vqmniT, vamuSavebT swored imitom, rom rogorc
mogaxseneT, saxelmwifos warmomadgenelis arCevis dros, damfuZneb­
el krebas ar surs, rom Seiqmnas iseTi wesi, iseTi ufleba, romelic ar
iyos miRebuli damfuZnebel krebisagan, romelic misgan ar iyos da­
dasturebuli. aseTi sanqcia damfuZnebel krebisa aucilebelia maSin,
roca virCevdiT respublikis warmomadgenels, rom mogaxseneT, Tu ar
miveciT mTavrobis Tavmjdomares es aucilebeli ufleba, igi mas mi­
iniWebs, Tavis Tavad, uCvenod. es ki Cven, ar gvindoda. asea axlac.
orgvari praqtika gvqonda Cven kanonze xelis mowerisa: pirvelad
mTavrobis Tavmjdomares iwvevda sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis Tav­
mjdomare, _ es praqtika gaxldaT seimSi _ pirvel xanebSi erovnul
sabWoSic, da Tavmjdomare sakanonmdeblo krebisa iwvevda mTavro­
bis Tavmjdomares, da mas andobda kabineTis Sedgenas. am SemTxvevaSi,
am sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis Tavmjdomare gamodioda, rogorc
mTel respublikis umaRles aRmasrulebel Zalis Semqneli organo
da iyo kidevac kamaTi, Tu vin aris umfrosi da umaRlesi, mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare Tu kanonmdebeli dawesebulebis. maSin kanons xels aw­
erda mxolod parlamentis prezidiumi. es gaxldaT erTi praqtika.
Semdeg Cven es praqtika SevcvaleT. Cven uxerxulad davinaxeT, rom
Tavmjdomares, romelic aris krebis gamZRoli, aseTi didi funqciebi
hqondes miniWebuli. saukeTesod miviCnieT, rom mTel krebas, umaRles
saxelmwifo dawesebulebas aerCia mTavrobis Tavmjdomare da warmo­
madgeneli respublikisa. amis Semdeg damkvidrda wesi mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomarisgan kanonis xelis mowerisa. wyaro, axlac CvenSi, saidanac
momdinareobs aRmasrulebeli Zala, aris damfuZnebeli kreba da ara
misi romelime kerZo organo. am praqtikas Tu gnebavT, ar aqvs ara­

235
viTari analogia sxva konstituciebSi. ver damisaxelebT verc erTs
konsitucias, sadac am wesiT iyos Sedgenili mTavroba. Tu gnebavT am
wesidan gamomdinareobs is texnika gamoqveynebisa da publikaciisa,
romelic warmodgenilia damfuZnebel krebis winaSe.
SeiZleba bevrma mogviyvanos magaliTebi, rom arc aseTi wesi ga­
moqveynebisa arsebobs sxva respublikebSi. marTalia bevrgan for­
malurad aris mzgavsi wesi, magram misi azri da Sinaarsi arsebiTad
sxvanairia. magaliTad, zogierTgan xelis moweras aqvs mniSvneloba
kanondeblobiTi, CvenSi ki ase ar aris. amas unda mxolod dakvirve­
ba. Cven praqtikaSi azri aSkaraa da naTeli. rasakvirvelia isini, vinc
winaaRmdegni iyvnen, vinc ver gaigo, ras niSnavs arCeva respublikis
warmomadgenlisa, visac es warmodgena ar hqondaT, (xma: arc Tqven
gaqvT!) is, darwmunebuli var, amasac ver gaigebs. ver gaigebs imitom,
rom isini ase sjian: raki Cven damfuZnebeli kreba gaqvs, cxadia, Cven
gvaqvs yvela uflebebi, ese igi, aRmasrulebeli, samosamarTlo, kanon­
mdebeli, maTi azriT, Tu ar davjeqiT da mosamarTloba ar gavwieT, es
Turme iqneba am uflebis SezRudva, amasTanave roca ucxo saxelmwi­
fos wrmomadgeneli mova, unda avdgeT da vsTqvaT, Cven yvelani varT
saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu erT pirs mivandeT saxelmwi­
fos warmomadgenloba, Turme es iqneba SezRudva Cveni uflebisa. me
ki ase ar mesmis. opoziciis oratorT unda gavaxseno cota ram! mTa­
vari is ki ar aris, vin ras awarmoebs, vin ras anxorcielebs, mTavari
aris wyaro am uflebisa. da Tu ase SexedavT sakiTxs, dainaxavT, rom
arc erTi ufleba ar aris CvenSi, romelic ar gamomdinareobdes dam­
fuZnebel krebisagan, araviTari ufleba, arc aRmasrulebeli, arc
warmomadgenlobisa, arc mosamarTleobis, da arc warmomadgenlo­
bis ufleba sxva respublikebis winaSe ar arsebobs, Tu amis dasturi,
Tu amis nebarTva da dakanoneba ar miuRia damfuZnebel krebisagan.
es gaxlavT batonebo suverenoba, da ara is, rom erTad davdgeT da
vsTqvaT, rom varT respublikis warmomadgeneli, an gavxadoT Tavis
Tavi mosamarTleebaT. mosamarTleobis Zala ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel
krebas, aRmasrulebeli Zala ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas, da am
Zala uflebas damfuZnebeli kreba aniWebs ama Tu im organos. es aris
umTavresi gamomxatveli xalxis umaRles nebayofisa, da im SemTxveva­
Si, rodesac Cven vavalebT am xelis moweras mTavrobis Tavmjdomares,
es niSnavs imas, rom igi valdebulia es kanoni gaataros cxovrebaSi
da pasuxic agos. am kanonis gatarebisaTvis is pasuxis mgebeli aris
Cvens winaSe. pasuxis mgeblobas rom ar ascildes, cxadia xeli unda
moaweros (ai es erTad erTi mniSvneloba aqvs am muxls. Tu gamoCndeba
winaaRmdegoba Cvens da mTavrobis Soris, maSin marTla mosalodneli
iqneba konfliqti da rodesac gveqneba konfliqti, yvelaze naTlaT
gavigebT, vin aris suverenobis matarebeli: mTavroba Tu damfuZnebe­
li kreba? maSin naxavT, rom kanoni kanonobs, mTavroba ki unda wav­
ides. es imas niSnavs, rom vinc ar asrulebs brZanebas da gankargule­

236
bas damfuZnebel krebisas, imas araviTari ufleba ara aqvs imoqmedos
da imuSaos gareSe am damfuZnebel krebisa. es aSkarad aris gamoxatu­
li am muxlSi: (kiTxulobs) „yovels kanonsa da dekrets agreTve xels
awers mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. am ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba
ver SeaCerebs kanonis gamoqveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas“.
es niSnavs, rom ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs
kanons, aqedan suverenuli ufleba damfuZnebel krebisa sruliad
daculia. es muxli aris gameoreba imave gankargulebisa brZanebisa,
kanonisa, romelic gasuli wlis 16 oqtombers aris miRebuli parla­
mentisagan. iq sweria, mTavroba dauyonebliv gamoaqveynebs kanons. ase­
Tia kategoriuli brZaneba. gaxlavT kidev kanoni romelic ambobs, rom
mTavrobam unda dauyonebliv gamoaqveynos kanoni, rom ar SeiZleba ar
gamoaqveynos. igive aris aq ufro mkafiod gamoTqmuli im pirebisT­
vis, romelTac ver gaiges, ver Seismines, rom aq ar aris SezRudva dam­
fuZnebel krebis uflebisa, samwuxarod maT mainc ver gaiges. magram
me mgonia rom, xalxi da sazogadoeba gaigebs, ise rogorc namdvilad
unda iqnes es muxli gagebuli.

muxlobrivi ganxilva.

Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv


ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
raJden arseniZe. pirveli muxli (kiTxulobs) 1. yoveli kanoni,
dekreti da dadgenileba damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebuli, unda
gamoqveynebul iqnes Tanaxmad 1918 w. oqtombris 11-s kanonisa kanonTa
gamoqveynebisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTx­
oT meore muxli.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) 2. yovel kanons, dekrets, dadgenile­
bebs, romelTac damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs, xels awers krebis Tav­
mjdomare.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs) 3. yovels kanonsa da dekrets agreTve
xels awers mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. am ukanasknelis xelis mouwerlo­
ba ver SeaCerebs kanonis gamoqveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas.

socialist revoliucionerTa winadadeba.

Tavmjdomare. mesame muxlis Sesaxeb gaxlavT Semotanili wina­


dadeba social revoliucionerebisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs). amoiSalos sityvebi: „yovel kanonsa da
dekrets agreTve xels awers mTavrobis Tavmjdomarec...

237
ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis gamo­
qveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas“.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uaryofilia. Semdegi
r. arseniZe. 4. wesi ese Sedis ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebe­
li krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
kenWs uyri saerTod kanon-proeqts. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRe­
bulia.
dRis wesrigi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. inebebT daniSnoT Semdegi
sxdoma? (xma: prezidiums miendos!)
maSasadame, Semdegi sxdomis daniSvna miendoba prezidiums. krebas
vxurav.
kreba ixureba 3 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

238
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meaTe sxdoma

1919 weli. aprilis 15. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 s. 55 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.

komisiaSi gadasacem kanonproeqtebis sia.

mdivani. Semotanili gaxlavT komisiebSi gadasacemaT Semdegi ka­


non-proeqtebi: (kiTxulobs).
finansTa ministris kanonproeqti zogierT sabaJoebis gauqmebisa
da axalis daarsebisa.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.
2. finansTa ministris kanonproeqti _ amier kavkasiis bonebis ga­
mocemis gangrZobisa.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.

239
dRiuri wesrigi.

1. saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis reglamentisa.


2. saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenilebisa saxel­
mwifo dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis micemisa.
3. saboloo teqsti qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze akrZalvis
dadebis dekretisa.
4. saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis mier miRebuli kanonisa,
dekretisa da dadgenilebis gamoqveynebis wesisa.
5. kanonproeqti Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankargulebaSi ori
milioni maneTis gadacemisa _ axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazraSi dazara­
lebulTa dasaxmareblad.
6. kanonproeqti saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzebze tarifebis ga­
didebisa.
Tavmjdomare. dRiuri wesrigis Sesaxeb nebavs vismes sityva Tu ara?
mdivani. social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas aZlevs kre­
bas: reglamentis ganxilva gadadebuli iqmnes dRiur wesrigis bolos.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am winadadebisa, rom regla­
mentis ganxilva gadadebuli iyos dRiur wesrigis bolos? aravin?

ioseb gedevaniSvilis depeSa.

mdivani. ori depeSa gaxlavT mosaxsenebeli baton gedevaniSvilisa.


(kiTxulobs Semdeg depeSas): „damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomares.
samxedro samsaxurisa gamo uars vambob damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba­
ze. ioseb konstantines Ze gedevaniSvili“.
Tavmjdomare. Tanaxmad kanonisa mis adgilas daiWers mecxre kan­
didati socialist-federalistebis partiisa batoni Rlonti.

axalcixis mazris glexTa sabWos depeSa.


mdivani. Semdeg meore depeSa gaxlavT axalcixidan. (kiTxulobs).

Предсѣдателю Учредительнаго Собранiя

Совѣтъ крестьянскихъ депутатовъ, представители всѣхъ обществъ и селенiй


Ахалкалакскаго уѣзда на съѣздѣ отъ 9 апрѣля 1919 г. Пртоколомъ №3 постановилъ:
1. Совѣтъ крестьянскихъ депутатовъ Ахалкалакскаго уѣзда представители
о-въ и селенiй сегоже уѣзда, _ грузины, армяне и мусульманӨ горячо привѣтствуетъ
Учредительное Собранiе демократической Грузiи и надѣются, что оно установитъ
законы, которые послужатъ залогомъ свободы и братской лювби между всеми
нацiональностями Республики Грузiи.

240
2. Въ виду того, что изъ всехъ завоеванiй революцiй для крестьянъ особенно
важно разрѣшенiе земельнаго вопроса въ пользу землеробовъ и такъ какъ во
всѣхъ мѣстахъ демократической республики Грузiи проведена въ жизнь таковая,
а въ Ахалкалакскомъ уѣздѣ благодаря авантюръ беговъ и турецкихъ эмиссаровъ
рады сохраненiя своихъ привилегiй и господства къ земельной реформѣ даже
не приступлено. Совѣтъ проситъ правительство о скоромъ проведенiи у насъ
земельной реформы.
3. Сознавая, что правительство демократической Республики Грузiи стоя
сначала же на путь защиты интересовъ трудящихся, совѣтъ проситъ немедленно
приступить и у насъ къ выборамъ въ Учредительное Собранiе, чтобы мы показали
мiру, кого мы считаемъ поборниками интересовъ трудящихся и кому вручаем
судьбу свою. Такъ какъ все населенiе уѣзда ясно видитъ, что всѣ злодѣянiя и анархiя
разыгравшiяся въ Ахалцихскомъ и Ахалкалакскомъ уѣздахъ является плодомъ
провокацiонной дѣятельности людей, заинтересованных въ удержанiи за собой
господства, совѣтъ крест. депут. постановилъ: всѣми силами бороться противъ
провокаторовъ, сѣющихъ вражду между населяющими означененные уѣзды
нацiями и желающiя съ ослабленiемъ демократiи населенiя на развалинахъ уѣздовъ
строитъ тропу своего господства.

Качейшвили

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.

Tavmjdomare: sanam dRiur wesrigis ganxilvas SeudgebodeT, neba


momeciT prezidiumis saxeliT mogaxsenoT Semdegi:
prezidiumis saxelzed Semosuli aris aTamdis Txovna. es Txovne­
bi gaxlavT ori mTavari Sinaarsisa: nawili exeba wminda samoqalaqo
samarTlis saqmeebs, nawili sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs.
marTali mogaxsenoT, prezidiumi pirdapir uxerxul mdgomareo­
baSi Cavarda, vinaidan mas ara aqvs iseTi rame, riTac SeuZlian ixelmZ­
Rvanelos amisTana SemTxvevebSi, da amitom prezidiumi mimarTavs dam­
fuZnebel krebas TxovniT: gamoarkvios es sakiTxi principialurad,
Tu ra mimarTuleba mieces amnair xasiaTis Txovnebs.
sxvaTaSoris, aris erTi Txovna Sewyalebis xasiaTisa, da sxva am­
nairi.
ai am TxovniT mogmarTavT prezidiumi da gTxovT, rom gadaWrili
azri miawodoT mas saxelmZRvanelod, rogorc Sesaxeb im qaRaldebi­
sa, romelic ukve Semotanili aris, agreTve im qaRaldebisa, romelic,
albad, blomaT mouva damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiums.
vis surs amis Sesaxeb sityva?
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) am wamoyenebul winadadebaSi aris zogier­
Ti metad mniSvnelovani principialuri sakiTxi, rogorc magaliTad
Sewyalebis sakiTxi, sakiTxi sasamarTlos ganaCenis Semsubuqebisa.

241
amas Tavis Tavad mniSvneloba aqvs, unda gaerios am sakiTxSi dam­
fuZnebeli kreba Tu ara, valdebulia kreba aseTi sakiTxebi TiTon ga­
nixilos, Tu sxva rame gza da mimarTuleba unda misces mas.
yovel SemTxvevaSi moqalaqeTa Txovna amnistiis Sesaxeb, sruliad
kanonieria da samarTliani da amas raime gamosavali gza unda mieces.
exeba es administratiul sasjels Tu sasamarTloSi gadawyvetil sas­
jels, es sul erTia.
amitom Cven gvgonia, rom amisTana sakiTxebi erTxel da samudamod
unda iyos gadawyvetili gadaWriT. saWiroa saTanado komisiam Sei­
muSaos garkveuli azri da warmoudginos erTgvari azri krebas ukve
saTanado moxsenebiT.
amitom, winadadebas Semovitan, rom yovelive es masalebi, romel­
ic Semosulia damfuZnebel krebis prezidiumSi, rogorc masala, ga­
daeces iuridiul komisias. iuridiuli komisia Tavis daskvnas Semoi­
tans imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTuleba da ra gza mieces yvela amgvar
Txovnebs principialurad, da rodesac es principialuri sakiTxi gad­
aWrili iqneba, Semdeg SegviZlian vimsjeloT TiTeul Txovnaze, an aq
ganvixilavT, an saTanado dawesebulebas gadavceT.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs kidev sityva amis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin
aris. maSasadame winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili: Semosuli Txovnebi
gadaeces iuridiul komisias, rogorc masala da iuridiulma komis­
iam Tavis moxseneba, garkveuli azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mimarTule­
ba mieces amnair Sinaarsis qaRaldebs, warmoudginos damfuZnebel
krebas.
vin aris winaaRmdegi am wamoyenebuli winadadebisa? aravin. maSa­
sadame winadadeba miRebuli gaxlavT. es qaRaldebi, Txovnebi gadaece­
ma iuridiul komisias azris gamosaTqmelad.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis
dadgenilebisa saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureebisTvis
avansis micemisa Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, soloRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqsti dadgenilebisa saxelmwifo


dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis micemisa.

olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs) saboloo teqsti dad­


genilebisa saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureTaTvis avansis
micemisa.
damfuZnebel krebas movaxseneb Sesworebebs, Setanils saredaqcio
komisiis mier.
pirveli muxli. aq gaxldaT winandeli redaqciiT aseTi. (kiTxu­
lobs)

242
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures,
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac miiRes jamagirebis momateba ama
wlis 1-l ianvris Semdeg, avansad samasi (300) man. TviTeuls.
mozard da mcirewlovan mosamsaxureT ki, romlebic iReben jama­
girs ara umetes 240 man., mieces avansis raodenobis naxevari e. i. 150 man.
mxolod im pirobiT, rom es avansi dafarul iqnes arsebul jama­
girebis momatebis Semdeg
saredaqcio komisiam Sescvala ase. (kiTxulobs).
1. mieces saxelmwifo samoqalaqo uwyebis yvela mosamsaxures,
garda im mosamsaxureTa, romelTac jamagirebi moematebaT ama wlis
1-l ianvris Semdeg, avansad samasi (300) man. TviTeuls mozard da
mcirewlovan mosamsaxureT ki, romlebic iReben jamagirs ara umetes
240 man., mieces avansis raodenobis naxevari e. i. 150 man. es avansi da­
farul iqnes awindeli jamagirebis momatebis Semdeg.
sityvebi: „arsebuli jamagirebi“ saredaqcio komisiam Sescvala
sityvebiT: „awindeli jamagirebi.“
meore muxli ucvlelad gaxlavT miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlebis Sesaxeb? vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia. Semdegi saboloo teqsti
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureTa salikvidacio Semweobis
kanonis me-2 muxlis Secvlisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqsti salikvidacio kanonis


meore muxlis Secvlisa.

olRa solRaSvilis asuli. saboloo teqsti saxelmwifo dawese­


bulebebSi mosamsaxureTa salikvidacio Semweobis kanonis. me-2 mux­
lis Secvlisa.
am kanonSi TiTqmis yovelive aris Secvlili saredaqcio komisiis
mier. amitom me saWirod vsTvli, rom orive teqsti wavikiTxo: teqsti
miRebuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier, da miRebuli saredaqcio komi­
siis mier.
damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo Semdegi redaqcia (kiTxulobs)
2: mosamsaxureni, romelnic daTxovnilni arian dawesebulebebis
gauqmebis gamo, erT organizaciis an Statebis Semcirebis gamo iReben
fuliT daxmarebas erT meTormeteds Tviuri jamagiris nawils yove­
li Tviuri samsaxurisaTvis, magram ara nakleb orikviris jamagirisa.
es fulis daxmareba gamoiangariSeba im jamagirebis mixedviT, romel­
sac daTxovnili daTxovnis dros Rebulobda.
saredaqcio komisiam miiRo Semdegi: (kiTxulobs).
2. mosamsaxure, romelic daTxovnil iqneba dawesebulebis gauqme­
bisa, gardaqmnis an Statis Semcirebis gamo miiRebs daxmarebas fulad

243
Tviuri jamagiris erT meTormeted nawils samsaxuris yovel TvisaT­
vis, magram ara nakleb ori kviris jamagirisa. daxmareba iangariSeba
im jamagiris kvalobaze, romelic daTxovnis dros hqonda.
aq arsebiTi cvlileba aris Setanili. Zvel teqstSi iyo „mosamsax­
ureni, romelnic daTxovnilni arian“. Cven ki miviReT ase: mosamsaxure
romelic daTxovnili iqneba. radganac kanoni Seexeba xolo imaT, Cve­
nis azriT, romelnic amis Semdeg iqnebian daTxovnilni, da ara imaT,
romelnic winaT ukve iyvnen daTxovnilni.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelma mogaxsenaT, rom ar­
sebiTi Sesworeba Seitana saredaqcio komisiamo, sityva aravis unda.
vin aris winaaRmdegi rom es Sesworeba iyos miRebuli? aravin.
saboloo teqsti miRebulia.
Semdegi saboloo teqsti qalaqebSi dausaxlebel miwebze akrZal­
vis dadebis dekretisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels soloRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqsti qalaqebSi dausaxelebel miwebze


akrZalvis dadebis dekretisa.

olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. dekreti qalaqebSi dausaxlebel mi­


webze akrZalvis dadebisa.
damfuZnebel krebis mier es dekreti iyo miRebuli.
am dekretSi iyo ori muxli da ori SeniSvna, da saredaqcio komis­
iam ki gadaakeTa 4 muxlad, SeniSvnebi maSasadame gadaakeTa, gadaaqcia
muxlebad, radgan am muxlebSi aRniSnuli debulebani damoukidebelni
arian muxlebidan da maTTan naklebi kavSiri aqvT, rogorc SeniSvnebs.
saredaqcio komisiam am SeniSvnebis calke muxlebad miReba ufro am­
jobina. (kedia: rogor SeiZleba?)
pirveli muxli saredaqcio komisiam ase miiRo. (kiTxulobs)
1. droebiT aikrZalos qalaqis farglebSi mdebare dausaxleb­
el adgilmamulis sxvisaTvis sakuTrebad gadacema, dagiraveba da
agreTve ijariT gacema erTi wlis metis vadiT dRidan am dekretis
miRebisa.
saredaqcio komisiam miiRo „miwebis“ magier sityva: „adgilmamuli“.
aq unda aRvniSnoT rom „miwebi“ saTaurSic Sesworebulia adgil­
mamulad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom pirveli
muxli saredaqcio komisiisa miRebuli iyos? arvin. miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. SeniSvna pirveli gadakeTebuli iyo muxlad.
Semdeg aq igive Sesworeba gaxlavT: sityva: „miwad“ Sesworebulia
„adgilmamulad“.

244
Semdeg iyo ramodenime saredaqcio Sesworebani: iyo „romelze­
dac“ saredaqcio komisiam Seaswora: „razedac“,
sityva „imyofeboda“ Seaswora sityviT „iyo“; da CaurTva sityva
„agreTve“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? saredaqcio
komisiis Sesworeba miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. SeniSvna meore gadaiqca mesame muxlad.
aq igive cvlileba gaxlavT miRebuli.
mesame muxlis Zvel redaqciaSi iyo „yvela“. Secvlili aris si­
tyviT „yoveli“,
iyo sityva „Semdgari“, amis magivrad aris „dadebuli“.
„erTi welze meti vadiT“, Secvlili aris „erTi wlis meti vadiT“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba
miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdeg.
momxsenebeli.
4 muxlSi mxolo sityvebi aris gadasmuli.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. 4-ve
muxli miRebulia. vin aris saerTod dekretis winaaRmdegi? winaaRm­
degi aravin aris.
dekreti miRebulia. Semdegi saboloo teqsti kanonebis da dek­re­
tebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis mier miRebul


kanonisa, dekretisa da dadgenilebis gamoqveynebis wesisa.

olRa soloRaSvilis asuli. pirveli muxli ucvlelad gaxlavT


miRebuli.
meore muxli saredaqcio komisiam miiRo ase: yovel kanons, dekrets
Tu dadgenilebas, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs, xels moaw­
ers krebis Tavmjdomare.
yovel kanonsa da dekrets agreTve xels moawers mTavrobis Tavm­
jdomare. am ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis da
dekretis gamoqveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas.
Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi: yovel kanons, dekrets, dadgenilebebs,
romelTac damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs, xels awers krebis Tavmj­
domare.
yovel kanons da dekrets agredve xels awers mTavrobis Tavmj­
domare am ukanasknelis xelis mouwerloba ver SeaCerebs kanonis ga­
moqveynebas da ZalaSi Sesvlas.
uwindeli redaqcia iyo, „xels awers“ saredaqcio komisiam miiRo
„xels moawers“. agreTve aris moxsenebuli meorejer „awers“ Seswore­
bulia „moawers“.

245
CarTuli aris „kanonis da dekretis gamoqveynebisa“, romelic ga­
motovebuli iyo damfuZnebel krebis mier miRebul teqstSi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? es muxli miRebuli aris.
momxsenebeli. me-3 muxli ucvlelad gaxlavT miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi. kanon-proeqti miRebuli aris.
Semdegi kanon-proeqti Sinagan-saqmeTa ministris gakarguleba­
Si 2 mil. gadacemisa axalcixe axalqalaqis mazraSi dazaralebulTa
dasaxmareblad.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels SaraSiZes.

kanon proeqti axalcixis-axalqalaqis


ltolvilTaTvis 2 mil. maneTis gadadebisa.

daviT SaraSiZe. am 10 dRis winad damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo dad­


genileba axalcixis mazraSi momxdar ambebis Sesaxeb.
am dadgenilebis ZaliT mTavrobas daevala, rom man daxmareba
gauwios axalcixis mazraSi saomar moqmedebis dros dazaralebulT.
swored am dadgenilebis asasruleblad mTavroba iTxovs exla,
rom gadaeces Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankargulebaSi 2 milioni. es
is Tanxaa, romelic moxmardeba usaWiroes saSur moTxovnilebebs adg­
ilobriv mcxovreblebisa, rogorc aris, upirveles yovlisa, saTesle
masalis miwodeba da agreTve sursaTis.
Tu ram gadarCeba am saWiroebas, igi moxmardeba samxedro moq­
medebiT gamowveul zaralis anazRaurebas.
kanon-proeqti Semdegia: (kiTxulobs).
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankargulebaSi ori milioni (2000000)
maneTis gadacemisa axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebSi dazaralebulTa
dasaxmareblad.
1. gadaidos respublikis xazinidan ori milioni (2.000.000) mane­
Ti axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebis mcxovrebTaTvis Tesleulobisa
da sursaTis SesaZenaT da samxedro moqmedebiT gamowveuli zaralis
asanazRaureblad.
2. zemore (1) muxlSi aRniSnuli ori milioni (2.000.000) maneTi
daniSnulebisamebr mosaxmareblad mieces Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs
Tavis gankargulebaSi.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo sakiTxzed.
momxsenebeli. ukacravad, mesame muxls safinanso komisiis saxeliT
mogaxsenebT.
3. kanoni ese ZalaSi Sedis dRidan misi miRebisa damfuZnebel kre­
bis mier.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb surs Tu ara vismes sity­
va? sityvis msurveli aravin aris.

246
vin aris winaaRmdeg, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? ara­
vin. maSasadame gadavdivarT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls):
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin
aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi? muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls):
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlisa? meore muxli
miRebulia.
mesame muxli, rogorc mogaxsenaT momxsenebelma safinanso-sabiu­
djeto komisiis saxeliT aris Semotanili. vin aris momxre rom mesame
muxli, aq wakiTxuli, damatebuli iqmnes?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom saerTod kanoni miRebuli iyos.
winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame kanon-proeqti miRebulia da
gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqti saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzebze tarife­
bis gadidebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels krebis wevrs aleqsandre asaTians.

kanonproeqti saxazino da kaxeTis


rkinis gzebze tarifis gadidebisa.

aleqsandre asaTiani. (er. dem.) gzaTa-saministros kanon-proeqti


Seexeba rkinis gzebze tarifis gadidebas, rogorc mgzavrebisTvis,
agreTve bargis gadasatanaT. tarifis gadideba unda moxdes respub­
likis yvela gzebze, rogorc saxazino agreTve kaxeTis rkinis gzaze­
dac. 1917 wlis 10 ivnisamde arsebul tarifebTan SedarebiT samog­
zauro bileTebis pirveli klasis fasi gadidebuli iqneba 15-jer.,
meore klasisa 12, mesamesi da meoTxesi 10, bargis, bagaJis gadatanis.
fasi SedarebiT 1917 wlis tarifebTan gadidebulia 24 jer. saqonlis
gadasaxadi, bileTebis fasi 10-jer. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom
naCvenebi raodenobis gadideba naangariSevia im tarifebTan Sedare­
biT, romelnic arsebobden 1917 wels 10 ivnisamde da romelnic Sem­
deg gadidebuli iqmna, dRevandels, arsebuls tarifebTan SedarebiT,
rasakvirvelia aseTi didi gansxvaveba ar aris. 17-wlis Semdgom 1918
wels 25 maiss ukve moxda erTi gadideba tarifebisa. maSin wina wlebis
SedarebiT pirvel klasis tarifi gadidebuli iyo 10 jer, meore 8,
mesame 6. exla dRes 1917 welTan SedarebiT es momatebuli aris pir­
vel klasisTvis 15, meoresTvis 12, mesamesTvis 10-jer, maSasadame mes­
ame klasis tarifi momatebuli iyo 6-jer, exla ki momatebuli iqneba
10-jer. saerTod ki es tarifi gadidebuli aris dRevandel tarifTan
SedarebiT daaxl. 100%-de.

247
gzaTa uwyeba miaqcevs Tqvens yuradRebas im garemoebas, rom miuxe­
davaT aseTi momatebisa, es tarifebi da, sazogadod, gzis gadasaxadi
xarjebi, da samgzavro bileTebis fasebi mcirea SedarebiT im zrdas­
Tan, romelic moxda yvela saqonelze, yvela masalaze, romelic sWir­
deba gzTa uwyebas. rom SevadaroT exlandeli fasebi sxva-da-sxva ma­
salebisa im fasebTan, romelic arsebobda 1916 wels, naxavT, rom am
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi zogierTi masalebis fasma moimata 2000
%. magaliTad, SeSis fasi gaizarda 1780 %, Spalebisa _ 900%, xis ma­
sala _ 1900%, xreSi _ 2400, navTi _ 1330, zeTi _ 1900, muSaTa xelfasi
_ 1500 _ da sx., ase rom am tarifebis momateba SedarebiT im fasebTan,
romelic damyarda am rkinis gzisTvis saWiro masalebze, ar aris
didi. momatebuli tarifebi, romelic kanon-proeqtSi aris moyvani­
li, am Jamad, ukve gadidebuli aris aderbeijanSi, aderbeijanis rki­
nis gzaze. Tanaxmad im xelSekrulebisa, satranzito xelSekrulebisa,
romelic dadebuli aris saqarTvelos respublikis da aderbeijanis
respublikis Soris 26 dekembers 1918 w. am xelSekrulebis me 10-mux­
lis ZaliT, Cven unda gvqondes aderbeijanTan saerTo tarifi. am Ja­
mad es tarifi ukve miRebulia aderbeijanis respublikis mier da
cxovrebaSi gatarebuli. Cven ki jer-jerobiT Zveli tarifiT vcxov­
robT. rom aviRoT bileTebis fasebi, Tbilisidan baqomdin bileTis
fasi gacilebiT naklebi iqneba, vinem ganjidan baqomden.
rkinis gzis dRevandeli mdgomareoba moiTxovs, rom miRebuli
iqmnes gansakuTrebuli zomebi rkinis gzis Semosavlis gasazrdelad,
vinaidan rkinis gzas gasul wels Zlier didi deficiti hqonda da
am Jamadac didi deficiti aqvs. gzaTa uwyeba saWirod sTvlis, rom
es tarifebi miRebuli iyos respublikis rkinis gzebze. gzis Semo­
savlianobis gasazrdelad gzaTa uwyebas ganzraxuli aqvs kidev sxva
RonisZiebani, romelTa SemweobiT rkinis gzis Semosavali unda gaiz­
ardos da respublikis xazina ganTavisufldes im deficitebisagan,
romelic am Jamad aqvs xazinas rkinis gzebisagan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo sakiTxis Sesaxeb? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
asaTiani. kiTxulobs pirvel muxls:
I. 1917 wlis 10 ivnisamde arsebuli tarifebi gadidebul iqmnes
Semdegnairad:
1). samgzavro bileTebi I klasisa _ xuTmetjer, meore klasis
Tormetjer, mesame da meoTxe klasebisa _ aTjer;
2). bargis (bagaJis) gadazidvis fasi ocda oTxjer;
3). saqonlis TanmyolTa bileTis fasi _ aTjer;
4). samgzavro matareblis sazidi saqonlis tarifi _ ocdaoTxjer;
5). sadguris perronze gasasvleli fasi aTi Sauri _ orjer;
6). saraiono komitetis xarji sami maneTis nacvlad iqmnes xuTi
maneTi;

248
7). saqonlis Sesanaxav SenobaTa asagebad sami kapeikis nacvlad
xuTi kapeiki.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. pirveli muxli miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT meore muxli.
asaTiani. (kiTxulobs). II pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gadideba ta­
rifebisa Seexeba, rogorc saqarTvelos saxazino gzas, agreTve ka­
xeTisas.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
al. asaTiani. (kiTxulobs)
3. es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan misi miRebisa damfuZnebeli kre­
bis mier.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri mesame muxls. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRe­
bulia.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeqti mTlianaT iyos miRebu­
li? kanon-proeqti miRebulia.
saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis reglamentis proeqtisa.
momxsenebeli soloRaSvilis asuli.

damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis proeqtis


1-64 muxlis ganxilva.

soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs 1-64 muxlamde im cvlilebebiT,


romelic Seitana saredaqcio komisiam.) damfuZnebeli kreba calcal­
ke erTxmad iRebs am muxlebs.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, winadadeba aris social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier Samotanili. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. soc.-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba. (kiTxulobs)
Ses­wydes reglamentis proeqtis saboloT redaqciis ganxilva da ga­
daidos Semdeg sxdomisTvis.
2. Semdegi sxdoma damfuZnebel krebisa dainiSnos aprilis 17,
xuTSabaTs, naSuadRevis 12. saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuT­
vnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) mizezi gadadebisa gaxlavT is, rom zogier­
Ti muxlis ganxilva komisiam ver moaswro, Sesworebebi ver Seitana,
amitom winadadebas vaZlevT krebas gadaidos reglamentis ganxilva.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom reglamentis saboloo teqs­
tis ganxilva gadaidos? es pirveli winadadeba. meore winadadeba
aris, rom kreba iyos daniSnuli xuTSabaTs. vin aris winaaRmdegi? wi­
naaRmdegi aravin aris. kreba dainiSneba xuTSabaTs 12 saaTze. sxdomas
vxurav.
damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomare sxdomas naSuadRevis 2 saaTs da
50 wuT. daxurulad acxadebs.

249
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meTerTmete sxdoma

1919 weli.aprilis 17. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis ufrosi amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian
eqvTime TayaiSvili da
grigol naTaZe.
sxdoma iwyeba naSvadRevis 12 saaTsa da 50 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. damfuZnebeli krebis sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. sa­
nam dRiur wesrigs mogaxsenebdeT neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT mosaloci
depeSebi.
gTxovT waikiTxoT.

samxreT oseTis demokratiul organizaciebis


konferenciis depeSa.

qristine SaraSiZis asuli. (kiTxulobs).

Конференцiя южно-осетинской организацiй соцiально-демократической


ра­­­бочей партiи выражаетъ свою преданность суверенному хозяину Грузiи и го­
рячо желаетъ успѣха въ заложенiи твердаго фундамента въ строительствѣ де­
мократической республики, какъ вѣрнѣйшаго пути къ царству соцiализма.
Предсѣдатель Георгiй Гаглоевъ.

251
komisiebSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtebis sia.

qristine SaraSiZis asuli. sanam dRiur wesrigs wavikiTxav, mogax­


senebT, ra kanonebi Semovida komisiebSi gadasacemad. (kiTxulobs):
1. miwad moqmedebis ministris proeqti _ centralur sasursaTo
sabWos debulebisa.
gadaecema sabujeto-safinanso da iuridiul komisiaT.
2. samxedro ministris kanon-proeqti _ samxedro mosamsaxureTa
ordenebiT dajildovebis debulebis Secvlisa.
gadaecema iuridiul komisias.
3. samxedro ministris kanon-proeqti _ samxedro uwyebis xaris­
xosanTa Sesaxeb debulebis cvlilebisa da oficerTa da samoqalaqo
moxeleTa Semdeg xarisxze ayvanisa.
gadaecema samxedroda iuridiul komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. kanon-proeqti amierkavkasiis bonebis gamocemis gangrZobisa.


2. iuridiul komisiis dadgenileba sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamo
Semosul arzebis ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
3. saboloo teqsti dekretisa Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankar­
gulebaSi ori milioni maneTis gadacemisa _ axalcixe-axalqalaqis
mazraSi dazaralebulTa dasaxmareblad.
4. saboloo teqsti _ saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzaze tarifis
gadidebis kanonisa.
5. damfuZnebel krebis reglamentis saboloo teqstis ganxilvis
gagrZeleba.
6. damateba: kanon-proeqti saxelmwifo qaRaldebis dammzadebe­
li eqspediciisaTvis sawarmovo iaraRisa da masalis SesaZenad erTi
milion maneTis gadadebisa.
Tavmjdomare. cotaodeni cvlilebebi aris prezidiumis mier war­
modgenili. prezidiumis azriT, meore sakiTxad unda iyos ganxilu­
li damatebiTi kanon-proeqti, romelic exla mogxsendaT. danarCeni
darCeba ise, rogorc aris.
gsurT Tu ara aseT cvlilebebis Setana? winaaRmdegi aravin aris,
maSasadame es wesrigi damtkicebuli aris. pirveli kanon-proeqti. am­
ierkavkasiis bonebis gamocemis gagrZelebaze. momxsenebelia WavWaniZe.

252
kanon-proeqti amierkavkasiis bonebis
gamocemis gangrZobisa

ivane WavWaniZe. mTavrobas gauTavda parlamentis mier micemuli


saemisio ufleba. momdinare xarjebi rom awarmoos, da dahfaros, saW­
iroa emisiis gangrZnoba.
Sesaferi kanon-proeqti, rogorc mogexsenebaT, gadaeca damf.
kre­bis safinanso komisias. man ganixila es kanon-proeqti da ager war­
moadgina Semdegis saxiT.
kanon-proeqti amnairi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs).

kanon-proeqti

amierkavkasiis bonebis gamocemis gagrZobisa.

1. neba mieces mTavrobas gamosces amier-kavkasiis bonebi saqarT­


velos respublikis saWiroebisaTvis kidev 100 milioni maneTi.
2. Tanabari Tanxa, e. i. as-asi milioni maneTi mieces somxeTis da
aderbeijanis respublikebs, xolo aderbeijanis respublikas agreTve
unda mieces ama wlis 30 ianvris emisiidan miuRebeli oTxmoci milion­
ic, roca dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani amis Sesaxeb Sesafer
xelSekrulebas dasdeben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
3. neba mieces mTavrobas am kanonis pirvelsa da meore muxlSi
aRniSnul daniSnulebisaTvis Sesaferad gaadidos amierkavkasiis
bonebis emisia.
4. es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebeli krebis
mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs saerTo kiTxvaze msjeloba? sityva ekuT­
vnis damfuZ. krebis wevrs grigol naTaZes.
grigol naTaZe. (s.-r.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
eserebis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom Cven mxars uWerT am kanon-proeqts,
radganac viciT, ra ukidures mdgomareobam mogviyvana am saSualebam­
dis. Zalauneburad unda davadgeT am gzas, magram saWiroa xaz-gasmiT
aRvniSnoT, rom sworeT ukidures mdgomareobam mogviyvana aqamdisin.
me mgonia axali ar iqneba ra aravisaTvis, rom es ganvacxado, radga­
nac TviTeuli Cvengani hfiqrobs, amas. marTlac vin ifiqrebs, rom qa­
Raldis gamocema rame gansacdelisagan gvixsnis; es mxoloT droebiTi
gadadeba aris im katastrofisa, romelic SeiZleba Tavs dagvawydes
axlo momavalSi, Tu ase ganvagrZeT Cveni saqmeebi.
ra aris saWiro, rom es katastrofa ar dagvatydes Tavs? yvelam
kargaT icis es. me axali arafris Tqma ar minda; mxoloT saWiroT mi­
maCnia aRvniSno, rom marTlac garTulebulma mdgomareobam migviy­

253
vana am saSualebis gamoZebnamde. mogexsenebaT, rom saWiroa qveyanas
hqondes am fulis Sesaferi saqoneli. es ki CvenSi ar aris. marTalia,
amisTana kriziss ganicdis mTeli qveyniereba ara marto Cven, da saqmis
mowesrigeba ase patara fargalSi Zlier Znelia, magram saWiroa erTi
nabiji mainc gadavdgaT saqmis gamosasworeblad. Cven viciT, rom
aris amisTana ganzraxva. amas winaT, me mgonia deklaraciis ganxilvis
dros gaxldaT soc. demokratiis warmomadgenlis aseTi gancxadeba.
man ganacxada, rom misi fraqcia saWirod sTvlis xeli Seuwyos war­
moebas, rogorc kerZo iniciativis, ise koleqtiur warmoebas saxiT.
es iyo aq naTqvami. marTalia, Cven, socialist-revoliucionerebs Sei­
Zleba, ufro sxvanairaT gveTqva ufro gabedulaT, magram Jinianobas
xom ar daviwyebT, Jinianoba aseT sakiTxSi, da politikaSi uadgilo
aris. mmarTvel fraqciis gegmas SeiZleba SevrigebodiT kidec, rom
marTlac erTi nabiji gadagvedga, am sityvebis saqmed gardaqmnisaken.
exla dro aris aseTi nabiji gadavdgaT. marTalia, es Znelia, Zlier
Zneli, magram Znelia exla yvelaferi. verafers ver daasaxelebT iseTs
exlandel garTulebul cxovrebaSi, rom did siZneles ar warmoadgen­
des. aseT gaWirebul qveyanaSi. sul ubralo saqme, rom aviRoT, rasac
winaT advilad akeTebda kaci amis gakeTebac ki Znelia, da Tu Zneli
ar aris did energias mainc moiTxovs adamianisagan. magram es imas ar
niSnavs, rom arafers ar unda movkidoT xeli. amTaviT TeoretiulaT
mainc unda SevimuSavoT gegma Cveni ganzarxvis sisruleSi moyvanisa
Cven es Zlier saWiroT migvaCnia im qveyanaSic ki, sadac kerZo inicia­
tivas ukve gakafuli aqvs gza. CvenSi is garemoeba unda aRvniSnoT,
rom kerZo iniciativam, me amas gabedulaT mogaxsenebT, Tavis kotroba
gamoiCina, yovel dargSi. igi, erTi mxriT, Zveli weswyobilebis saT­
uTad da nebierad aRzrdili Svili aRmoCnda da axal pirobebSi veR­
ar Seegua revoliuciis qarcecxls. veraviTari nabiji ver gadasdga
man da araferi ar gaakeTa. meore mxriT didma angarebam gaitaca da
spekuliaciis tkbili nayofi erTxel, rom agemebina, iolad naSovn as
da aTas procentebze uari ver uTqvams. gana dro ar aris davfiqrdeT
iqneba kolektiuri meurneoba mainc moewyos da, Tu es ar SeiZleba,
saWiroa rom darwmundeT mainc amaSi, am nabijs, rom gadavdgamT, me
darwmunebuli var, iseT Sedegs mivaRwevT. rom momavalSi Cven patara
qveynis politika mkvidr niadagze dadgeba da imedi mogvecema, rom es
fuli, es qaRaldis fuli, ese ar darCeba samudamoT. Cven qaRaldis fu­
lis anabarad ar davrCebiT, rodesac gadavdgamT am nabijs... (gvazava:
ra nabijs, konkretulad sTqviT!) SevimuSaoT proeqti koleqtiuri
meurneobisa. rogorc mogaxseneT, mmarTvelma partiam, rom ganacxada
Cven koleqtiuri warmoebas SeuwyobT xelso, amaze unda vifiqroT, Tu
praqtikulad rogor ganvaxorcieloT es saqme. vifiqroT ranairad
SeiZleba amis mowyoba (xma). ukacravaT, ver gavige. CvenSi mcodne xalxi
bevri brZandebiT, ase Tu ise, SevikrifoT da vifiqroT, Tu ra Sei­
Zleba gavakeToT da maSin dainaxavT, rom erTad erTi forma warmoe­

254
bisa, romelic arsebul pirobebSi iboginebs da fexs moikidebs _ ko­
leqtiuri formaa. Cemis azriT, amas didi yuradReba unda mieqces miT
umetes, rom _ SeiZleba, es bevrs ar swamdes, magram Cven RrmaT gvwams, _
qveynierebaSi icvleba ara marto politika, qveynierebaze xdeba Rrma
socialuri gardaqmna. rodesac inglisma, Zlierma inglisma, romelic
yvelaze ufro cixe-burji iyo kapitalistur warmoebisa da aris dRe­
sac, rodesac man ganacxada, rom exla sul sxva dro dgeba da sxvanairi
urTierToba unda damyardes Sromis da kapitalis Soriso, iman, rom
is sTqva, esec didi ramea, mis Tqmasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs, inglis­
ma rom es sTqva, Cven unda movamzadoT saqme, da safuZveli CauyaroT
axal pirobebs, warmoebisas, axal socialur urTierTobas, romelic
modis da gviaxlovdeba. exlave movemzadoT, Torem mere gvian iqneba.
es qaRaldis fuli maSin xom ver dagvixsnis da katastrofamde mivalT.
vimeoreb, am kanonproeqts mxars uWerT, mxoloT xazi unda gausva da
aRvniSno, rom saqmianoba, saWiroa, Tunda jerjerobiT im saxiT ra sax­
is saqmianobac moisurva sityviT, jer jerobiT marto sityviT, mmarT­
vel fraqciis warmomadgenelma; _ amgvari saqmianoba mainc daviwyoT;
Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom SeiZleba Semdeg es saqmianoba ufro gamoirkves,
da ufro, gabedulad gadavdgaT nabiji, koleqtiur Sromis, warmoe­
bis ganviTarebaSi. amas Tqven TiTon mixvdebiT, Tqven saqmianobis dros,
TviT saqmis msvleloba daganaxvebT da Tqven iZulebulni iqnebiT rom
amas miaqcioT yuradReba da miatovoT Tqveni kerZo iniciativisadmi
trfiali. magram, jer-jerobiT, dRes ki pirveli nabijis gadadgma
mainc gabedeT, rom moumzadoT niadagi momaval mSeneblobas da am qaR­
aldis sinabaraT samudamoT ar dastovoT qveyana.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. arsebiTad kanon-proeqtis winaaRmdegi ar aris
krebis wevri naTaZe. rac Seexeba koleqtiur warmoebis mowyobas, _ es
momavalis saqme aris, da amis Sesaxeb me arafers vityvi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls)!
1. neba mieces mTavrobas gamosces amier-kavkasiis bonebi saqarT­
velos respublikis saWiroebisTvis 100 milioni maneTisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRe­
bulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
8. Tanaswori Tanxa, ese igi as-asi milioni maneTi, mieces somxe­
Tis da azerbeijanis respublikebs, xolo azerbeijanis respublikas
agreTve unda mieces ama wlis 30 ianvris emisiidan miuRebeli oTxmoci
milionic, roca dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani amis Sesaxeb
Sesafer xelSekrulebas dasdeben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs oni­
aSvils.

255
daviT oniaSvili (s.-d.) social-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT
Semomaqvs aseTi Sesworeba meore muxlSi: Sesaferi Tanxa gamoic­
es somxeTisa da aderbeijanis respublikisTvis da mieces maT, roca
dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani Sesafer xelSekrulebas das­
deben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
aderbeijanis respublikas unda mieces agreTve ama wlis ian­
vris 30-s emisiidan miuRebeli 80 milioni maneTi, ukeTu saTanado xe­
lSekrulebas xels moawers.
umTavresi azri am Sesworebisa saTaurSi aris Zvel teqstSi 100
milioni sweria, Cven es SevasworeT „Sesaferi Tanxa“, radganac es xels
uxsnis Cven mTavrobas. windawin gansazRvra Tanxisa Cven Seufereblad
migvaCnia. Semdegi Sesworeba ufro saredaqcio xasiaTisa aris.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworebis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva? msurveli ara­
vin gaxlavT. maSasadame meore muxli amnairad unda daiweros: (kiTxu­
lobs s.-dem. fraqciis mier Setanil 2 muxlis Sesworebas).
Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri am Sesworebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? ar­
avin. maSasadame miRebulia. saerTod meore muxlisa vin aris winaaRm­
degi? aravin. miRebulia. Semdegi.
ivane WavWaniZe (kiTxulobs) neba mieciT mTavrobas am kanonis pir­
vel da meore muxlSi aRniSnul daniSnulebisaTvis Sesaferad gaadi­
dos amier-kavkasiis bonebis emisia.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
ivane WavWaniZe (kiTxulobs) es kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebi­
sa damfuZnebel krebis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. kenWs uyri mTel
kanon proeqts. miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
meore kanon-proeqti (arseniZe: gTxovT wesrigisTvis!) ukve gaT­
avebuli gaxlavT!
kanonproeqti saxelmwifos qaRaldebis dammzadebel eqspedici­
isaTvis masalis SesaZenad 1 milion maneTis gadadebisa. sityva ekuT­
vnis momxsenebels (arseniZe: wesrigisTvis!) ukve gaTavebuli gaxlavT,
sityva ukve miveci momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. Tqven mTavrobas gaudideT saemisio ufleba. saW­
iroa gaRebuli iqmnes xarjebi. amisTvis safinanso komisiis inicia­
tiviT Semomaqvs Semdegi kanon-proeqti: (kiTxulobs).

kanonproeqti

saxelmwifo qaRaldebis gamzadebel eqspediciisaTvis sawarmovo


iaraRebis da masalebis SesaZenad erTi milioni maneTis gadadebisa.

256
1. gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifo xazinidan saxelmwifo qaRaldebis
damzadebel eqspediciisTvis sawarmovo iaraRis da masalebis Sesa­
Zenad erTi milioni maneTi.
2. kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebeli krebis
mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravini aris. vin aris
winaaRmdeg, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? Tqven am muxlis Sesaxeb gsurT
sityva? (oniaSvili adgilidan: saxelwodebis Sesaxeb!) romel saxel­
wodebis, am kanonproeqtisa? inebeT.
daviT oniaSvili. am kanon-proeqtis saTaurs hqvian kanon-proeqti,
social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Sesworeba, rom kanon-proeq­
ti Seicvalos sityviT „dekreti“, radganac arsebiTad am kanon-pro­
eqts xasiaTi aqvs dekretisa.
aseTive xasiaTi hqonda Cvenis azriT pirvel kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. me bodiSs vixdi Zalian, magram Tu aseTi Sesworeba,
an raime damateba aqvs vismes, maSin unda Semoitanon, rodesac pirve­
lad kiTxulobs momxsenebeli saTaurs. da Tu aris raime Sesworeba,
keTil inebeT da SemoitaneT droze, da nu CaayenebT prezidiums aseT
mdgomareobaSi, rom reglamenti darRveuli iqnes.
surs vismes Tu ara am Sesworebis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin aris.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeqts daerqvas
dekreti? aravin. maSasadame miRebulia. kenWs uyri pirvel muxls.
miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRe­
bulia. saerTod uyri kenWs kanon-proeqts. miRebulia da gadaecema
saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb momxsenebelia oniaSvili.

iuridiul komisiis dadgenileba sasamarTlos


ganaCenis gamo Semosul arzebis ganxilvis Sesaxeb.

daviT oniaSvili. damfuZnebel krebis davalebiT iuridiulma


komisiam amas winaT ganixila sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra msvleloba
unda mieces Txovnebs da SuamdgomlobaT, romelnic Semosulni arian
damfuZnebel krebis saxelze da Seexeba sasamarTlos ama Tu im ganaCe­
nis Secvlas.

257
iuridiulma komisiam erTxmad Semdegi dadgenileba gamoitana,
rom yvela is Txovnebi, romelic Seexeba sasamarTlos dadgenilebis
Secvlas, unda damfuZnebel krebis mier ganuxilveli darCes.
am dadgenilebiT, iuridiul komisias sruliaTac ar mosvlia az­
raT, rom odnavaT mainc SezRudos an mospos visime moqalaqeobrivi
ufleba, Tqven mogexsenebaT, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, rom yvela
saxelmwifoSi, marto ara Tavisufali respublikanur saxelmwifoSi,
aramed iqac, sadac konstitucionuri monarqia aris, TviTeul moqa­
laqes aqvs ufleba, rac unda mZime iyos misi danaSauloba, Seitanos
Txov­na saxelmwifos umaRles dawesebulebaSi, an mis warmomadgenel­
Tan, rom es dadgenileba Secvlili iyos. sakonstitucio monarqi­
aSi aseT Txovnebs ixilavs monarqi, xolo respublikanur qveynebSi
prezidenti, an sakanondeblo dawesebuleba, magal. SveicariaSi. iu­
ridiul komisias saWirod miaCnia, rom mTavroba am mokle xanSi Semo­
vides damfuZnebel krebaSi kanonproeqtiT, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba
yvela is wesebi romelic Seexeba ai aseT Txovnebis ganxilvas.
Tu Cven ar miviRebT am dadgenilebas, da davadasturebT sawi­
naaRmdego debulebas, am debulebis miRebas mohyveba iseTi Sedegi,
rom kanomdeblobiTi organo, romelsac didi saqme aqvs gasakeTebeli,
iZulebuli iqneba gadaiqces sasamarTlo dawesebulebaT. amiT erTis
mxriT Cven SevaferxebT kanondeblobiTi muSaobas, da meores mxriv
davcemT sasamarTlos prestiJsac. rasakvirvelia, amiT imis Tqma ar
gvinda, rom damfuZnebel krebas espoba ufleba erTxel da samudamoT
amisTana Txovnebis garCevisa. ara. damfuZnebeli kreba, aris uzenae­
si dawesebuleba Cveni respublikisa, da rodesac igi dainaxavs, rom
sasamarTlos mier Cadenili aris Secdoma, mas SeuZlian Caerios aseT
saqmeebSi. es Careva unda moxdes damfuZnebel krebis iniciativiT, misi
surviliT da mis dadgenilebiT. ai aseTi aris Sexeduleba da dadge­
nileba iuridiul komisiisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sen­
gelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. r.) Cveni fraqcia winaaRmdegia am kanon-pro­
eqtisa. winaaRmdegi varT am kanonproeqtis imitom, rom am kanonpro­
eqtSi Cven vxedavT im Secdomebis gangrZobas, romelic emCneva so­
cial-demokratebis muSaobas.
maSin, rodesac maT mTavrobis Tavmjdomares miandes respublikis
umaRlesi warmomadgenloba Cven uTxariT, rom resp. umaRlesi warmo­
mad. igive prezidenti ariso. maT ki ganacxades, _ ara, es prezidenti
ar ariso. Semdeg, roca damfuZnebeli kreba ixilavda kanonTa gamo­
qveynebis wess, maT miiRes, rom am kanonebs xeli unda moaweros mTav­
robis Tavmjdomarem. Tumca amis sawinaaRmdegoT Cven mier seriozu­
li sabuTebi iyo wardgenili, rom es Seuferebelia, radganac dRes aq
aris damfuZnebeli kreba, magram miuxedavad amisa, Tqven mogexsenebaT,
rom damfuZnebelma krebam daadgina mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris xelis

258
moweris saWiroeba. Cven vxedavT, rom social demokratebis mier ar­
Ceuli TandaTanoba aqac, am dadgenilebiTac grZeldeba. es TandaT­
anoba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom social-demokratiam ar icis, rogor
unda gaanawilos Zalaufleba, e. i. ar icis ra ufleba unda mianiWos
mTavrobas da ra ufleba unda dautovos damfuZnebel krebas.
Sewynarebis sakiTxi, rom didi sakiTxia, amaze mgoni laparaki zed­
metia. da ai social-demokratias unda rom misi gadawyvetis uflebac
mianiWos mTavrobas. Tu ki damfuZnebel krebis prezidiumma uyur­
adRebod unda dastovos es sakiTxi, Tu ki man Semosul arzebis Sesaxeb
Tvis dadgenileba ar unda gamoitanos, maSin TavisTavad cxadia, rom
social-demokratebs surT, misi gadawyveta mTavrobas miando. aseTi
uflebiT Cveni prezidenti uaxlovdeba safrangeTis prezidents. mar­
Talia, safrangeTis prezidents aqvs e. w. suspensiuri veto, magram
Cven prezidents aqvs agreTve misTana uflebebi, rogoric aris res­
publikis umaRlesi warmomadgenloba da xelis mowera gamosaqveyneb­
el kanonebze. exla mas vaniWebT Sewyalebis uflebasac. es ki iqneba
suspensiur vetoze meti. am uflebis damfuZnebel krebisgan arTmeva,
Cvenis azriT SeuZlebelia.
amasTanave aSkaraa, _ naadrevia SevqmnaT imisTana organo, romel­
sac mieniWeba eseTi ufleba, romelzedac saWiro aris jer kidev dava.
amitom Cvenis azriT es miuRebeli aris.
aq momxsenebelma moiyvana erTi mosazreba: saxeldobr is, rom ux­
erxuli aris prezidiumis mier am Txovnebis ganxilva. mas ar SeuZlian
misi ganxilva, radgan bevri saqmeebi aqvso.
vTqvaT, rom es marTalic iyos. Tu marTlac prezidiums ar Seu­
Zlian maTi ganxilva gadavceT mTavrobas, magram gana mTavroba
prezidiumze mocliT aris?! Tu saqme iseTia, rom mas ver gamoarkvevs
prezidiumi, gana amas SesZlebs mTavroba?!
texnikuri uxerxuloba iqneba, rogorc mTavrobisTvis ise prezid­
iumisTvis. ase rom es uxerxuloba misaRebi ar aris.
social demokratiam ar icis, rogor ganaxorcielos Zala ufleba
da TandaTan midis social-demokratiul monarqiisken. sxva azri ara
aqvs am winadadebas. amitom Cven winaaRmdegni varT iuridiul komisi­
is mier Semotanil dadgenilebisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno! Cven vemxrobiT im azrs, rom
saTanado kanon-proeqti unda iyos SemuSavebuli, magram ar vemxro­
bi dRevandel daskvnas, rom ar unda ganvixiloT, ganuxilveli unda
darCes es arzebi damfuZnebel krebis mier.
or nawilaT iyofa es arzebi, erTi Seexeba samoqalaqo sasamarT­
los saqmeebs da meore Seexeba sisxlis samarTals.
damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! samoqalaqo saqmeebisaTvis Cven sa­
TanadoT mowyobili sasamarTlo gvaqs. momCivansa da pasuxis mgebels
saSualeba aqvT TavianTi interesebi daicvan da saqmis iniciativa maT

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xelSia. am SemTxvevaSi Secdomebi, rasakvirvelia, iSviaTia. samoqa­
laqo ufleba aris kerZo ufleba da dainteresebul pirT eZlevaT mo­
qmedebis Tavisufleba, rom moiZebnon gza da gamosavali da saqmes Tvi­
Ton miscen msvleloba. igi swydeba sabolood sasamarTlos ganaCeniT.
ganaCeni Sedis kanonis ZalaSi da daurRvevlia, veravin mas ver Seexeba.
rac Seexeba sisxlis sasamarTlos saqmes, mas ki sul sxva xasiaTi
da mniSvneloba aqvs. masSi dainteresebuli aris sazogadoeba, saxel­
mwifo. sisxlis samarTlis ufleba aris sajaro ufleba da am SemTx­
vevaSi arzebs da Txovnebs da sazogadoT saqmes unda mivceT sul sxva
msvleloba. SeiZleba Secdomebi amisTana ganaCenebSi. sisxlis samar­
Tlis saqmeebze sxva da sxva garemoebebs aqvs gavlena. aqvs gavlena
vTqvaT imas, Tu ra sulis kveTeba arsebobs dRes sazogadoebaSi. ra­
nairi sazogadoebrivi weswyobilebaa da sxva. zog SemTxvevebSi sa­
samarTlos warmomadgenlebs msajulebs ar SeuZlianT Caukvirdnen
yovel mxriv saqmes da Secdomebi advilia. magaliTebs mogaxsenebT.
sxvaTaSoris gadavavloT Tvali safrangeTs. vin warmoidgenda, rom
Joresis mkvleli gamarTlebuli iqneboda!? vin warmoidgenda sworeT
imas, rom nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Joresis mkvlels gaamarTleb­
da?! me mgonia, rom, Tu sasamarTlo gaarCevda saqmes ramodenime mok­
le vadis Semdeg, Cven viqnebodiT mowme sul sxva dadgenilebisa. ma­
gram ramodenime wlis Semdeg sul sxva dadgenilebas vxedavT. es aris
ilustracia imisa, rom SesaZlebelia Secdomebi da sxva da sxva dad­
genilebani. unda iyos imisTana instancia, imisTana dawesebuleba, ro­
melic aRWurvilia uflebebiT saqmis gadasinjvisa. anu Sewynarebisa.
amisTana arzebi ukve aris damfuZnebel krebaSi: damfuZnebel kre­
bis saxelze ukve aris Semotanili Txovna Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. Tqven
brZanebT, rom damfuZnebelma krebam dRes ganuxilvelaT dastovos
aseTi Txovnebi. magram Tqven ar ganmarteT, ra msvleloba unda mieces
am arzebs. Tu Tqven stovebT am arzebs ganuxilvelaT, maS vin unda
ganixilos? es dRevandeli dRiuri sakiTxia. momwifebuli sakiTxia
da Cven dadgenileba unda gamovitanoT: erTis xelis mosmiT ki ver
moviSorebT am kiTxvebs.
yovel moqalaqes aqvs ufleba, rom Semoitanos Txovna damfuZneb­
el krebis saxelze, miT umetesad Txovna, Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. me mgo­
ni, rom amas ver uarvyofT. amisTana Txovnas gza unda mivceT. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, unda uCvenoT gza. Tu dameTanxmebiT me, rom Secdomebi
momxdara maSin unda gamovasworoT es. Cven vexebiT or kiTxvas. erTi
sadavo kiTxvaa. vin unda gaarCios Txovnebi sisxlis samarTlis saq­
meebis Sesaxeb da meore ra msvleloba mivceT am dRevandel Txovnas
Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. unda mogaxsenoT, rom aseTi saqmeebi moiTxoven
dawvrilebiT gacnobas. zogjer didi mniSvneloba aqvT wvrilmaneb­
sac da damfuZnebel krebas ara aqvs sakmarisi dro Caukvirdes wvril­
manebs. amisTvis saTanado dawesebuleba unda iyos, rom daukvirdes
Txovnas, saqme gamoarkvios, da gamoitanos Sesaferisi daskvna. Cven

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momxreni varT, rom amisTana Txovnebi gadacemuli iqmnas mTavrobaSi,
magram Cven winaaRmdegni varT, rom amisTana uflebebi mieniWos erT
pirs, mTavrobis Tavmjdomares. mTavrobis kolegiam unda gadawyvi­
tos aseTi kiTxvebi. rac Seexeba dRevandel Txovnebs, maTi SeCerebu­
li unda iqnas. Cveni kanonebis mixedviT, mTavroba ar aris aRWurvili
am uflebebiT.
26 maiss erovnulma sabWom miiRo saxelmZRvanelod ruseTis kanone­
bi. visa hqonda ufleba Sewynrebisa? es ufleba hqonda TviTmpyrobel
mefes. danarCen dawesebulebebs es ufleba ar hqondaT, garda imisa, rac
aRniSnuli iyo kerZo SemTxvevebSi, mag., saomo wesebis gamocxadebis
dros gubernators, anu jaris sardals hqonda ufleba, rom Seewyn­
arebina Txovna, Seemcirebina sasjeli. rodesac Cven miviReT ruseTis
kanonebi saxelmZRvaneloT, CvenSi damyarebuli iyo sxva weswyobile­
ba. damfuZnebelma krebam gamoacxada saqarTvelos damoukidebloba,
magram ar aRiara Zala Zveli kanonebisa. saqarTvelos parlamentis
mTavroba exeboda yovel kiTxvas, magram dRes am CveulebiTi wesiT
ver gadavwyvetavT sakiTxs, radganac saTanado kanoni ara gvaqvs. am
Cveulebas ver mivyvebiT. Cveni winadadebaa SemuSavdes kanon-proeqti.
garda amisa Cven winaSe aris kerZo kiTxva, kerZo Txovna, Txovna
braldebulebis Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. amaze aris laparaki. Tu gzas ar
mivcemT am Txovnebs, Tu ar SeviwynarebT, maSin dadgenileba sasamarT­
losi sisruleSi iqneba moyvanili, da damfuZnebel krebisTvis es mov­
lena araa sasurveli. asruleba am dadgenilebisa SeCerebuli unda
iqnas. msvleloba am qaRaldebisa SeCerebuli unda iqnas im dromde,
vidre ar gamovimuSavebT kanon-proeqts. iniciativa Cven xelT aris,
rom SemovitanoT kanon-proeqti amis Sesaxeb. Tu Tqven daadgebiT
momxsenebelis azrs, iuridiul komisiis azrs, moxdeba is, rasac ver
gavasworebT. davdgebiT faqtis winaSe da Cemis Rrma rwmeniT es mis­
aRebi ar aris damfuZnebel krebis mier, da ar Seefereba mis Rirsebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) mec mgonia, rom Semotanili winadade­
ba ar aris misaRebi. iq naTqvamia, rom is Txovnebi Sewyalebis Sesaxeb,
romelic Semosuli aris damfuZnebel krebaSi ganxiluli ar iqnebao.
ra saWiroa amis Tqma? es arc kanonia, arc kanon-proeqti, araferia,
es ubralo azria. (arseniZe: dadgenilebaa!) es dadgenilebac ar aris.
es ubralo azria. me mgonia am azris miReba am formiT miuRebelia.
me mainc vTxov krebas am sakiTxSi nu Seitans Relvas. es sakiTxi aris
sasamarTlos sakiTxi (xma: partiuli!) aq partiuli araferia. saqme
ise maqvs warmodgenili: viRacas, vsTqvaT, gadauwyvites sikvdiliT
dasja; yvela moqalaqes ufleba aqvs mimarTos vismes SesawynareblaT.
Tqven Tu am Semotanil winadadebas miiRebT xval albaT vismes Ca­
moaxrCoben. sxva azri ki araferia; Cven moqalaqes xom ver wavarTmevT
uflebas, rom iTxovos Sewynareba? yovel kulturul qveyanaSi aris
aseTi wesi, ruseTSiac iyo aseTi; mihmarTavdnen xolme TxovniT impera­

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tors. vis aqvs Sewynarebis ufleba exla? rasakvirvelia damfuZnebel
krebas. momxsenebelma sTqva, rom am SemTxvevaSi damfuZnebel krebas
SeuZlian SeiWras sasamarTlos sferoSi da arev-dareva Seitanoso. es
mosazreba ar aris marTali. aris respublikebi, sadac es ufleba aris,
magram araviTari arev-dareva ar Seaqvs. TiTon momxsenebelma brZana,
rom SveicariaSi aRmasrulebel organos ki ara aqvs es ufleba, ufle­
ba aqvs sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaso. saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo
dawesebuleba Cveni damfuZnebeli krebaa, da Tavis Tavad cxadia rom
Sewynarebis uflebac isev damfuZnebel krebas aqvs.
saWiroa ganxorcieleba uflebisa da sxva araferi. roca Semova
Txov­na unda gadaeces... (xma: sad?) batonebo, es Tqvenzea damokidebuli.
Tqven airCevT, romelime komisias, romelsac miandobT, rom ganixilos
Txovnebi. Tu aRmoCndeba Txovna, romelic Seexeba samoqalaqo saqmeebs
imis ganxilva saWiro ar aris. magram aris iseTi Txovnebi, romelic
Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs. amisTana Txovnebi ganxilul unda
iqmnas da sadac SesaZlebelia, sasjeli Semsubuqebuli. es humaniuri
idea aris. amitom Cven winaaRmdegni varT amisTana winadadebisa.
Cemi Txovna aris, _ momxsenebelma ukan waiRos Tavis winadadeba, an
krebam daadginos, rom airCes mcire komisia, romelsac daevaleba ganx­
ilva yvela amisTana Txovnebisa. me mgonia Tavis azrs, rom warmoad­
gens komisia, SeiZleba igi gaviziaroT; Tu winadadeba iqneba sasjelis
moxsnis Sesaxeb, da Tqven am dadgenilebas miiRebT amas didi mniSvn­
eloba eqneba ara marto damnaSavesTvis, aramed mTeli sazogadoebi­
saTvisac. es iseTi movlenaa, es iseTi moTxovnilebaa kacis bunebisa,
rom yovlad SeuZlebelia amis winaaRmdeg wavideT. ar SeiZleba mous­
poT imedi yovelive im pirT, romelnic damnaSaveni arian, da imaT,
romelnic SeiZleba damnaSaveni ar iyvnen. danaSauloba, es sazogado
socialuri movlenaa, romlis xasiaTi da feri icvleba ise, rogorc
icvleba politikuri weswyobileba. erT xuTi wlis winaT Tqven yve­
lani SeiZleba CamoxrCobilni yofiliyaviT marTalia, Tu ara? (so­
cial-demokratebis mxriv: ver moaswariT) me maSinac cixeSi vijeqi da
SeiZleba Tqvenc CamsvaT. rodesac danaSauloba aseTi bunebis, aseTi
xasiaTisa aris, aucilebelia Sewyalebis instituti. es yvelgan aris.
amitom Cemi winadadebaa uarvyoT es winadadeba, romelic aris Se­
motanili. mere komisia avirCioT am Txovnebis gansaxilvelaT da imas
davavaloT warmoadginos Tavisi daskvna.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) b. gvazavam ganacxada, rom aq partiuli arafe­
riao. me marTali megona, da roca movismine imis sabuTebi, davrwmundi
sworeT winaaRmdegSi.
raSia saqme?
aq martivi debuleba aris: damfuZnebel krebam miando komisias
warmoadginos Tavisi mosazrebani, Tu ra bedi unda ewvios im Tx­
ovnebs, romelnic Semosulia da romelnic SeiZleba Semovidnen amis

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Semdeg. b. gvazava ambobs, ratom ar aweria amas „kanoni“, an „dekreti“.
batonebo, amas aweria „dadgenileba“, es aris komisiis azri, romel­
mac aq warmoadgina, da Semdeg Tu damfuZnebeli kreba gaiziarebs am
azrs, es iqneba dadgenileba damfuZnebel krebisa. batonebo, es ise
martivi saqmea, me mgonia, rom yvelas unda SeeZlos amis gageba (gvaza­
va: saWiro ar aris, me vTqvi). magram, aq aris raRac partiuli Jinia­
noba. es partiuli Jinianoba gamoixateba ubralo opozicioneroba­
Si. ratom? im patara partiebs, romlebic dRes umciresobaSi arian,
ganzraxva aqvT, rom yvela sakiTxze aagon raRac gaugebroba. (xmauro­
ba) me mesmis, rom es ukidures memarcxeneebma Caidinon, magram rode­
sac amas sCadis warmomadgeneli saxelmwifoebriv partiisa... (gvaza­
va: Sewynareba ar unda iyos saxelmwifoSi?) ho, da, me mgonia, sworeT
saxelmwifoebriv partiis warmomadgenelma unda icodes, rom ara
marto damnaSaves aqvs ufleba, _ damfuZnebel krebasac aqvs ufleba
(gvazava; mere ra?). Tqven imdens laparakobT damnaSavis uflebaze, da
erTxelac ar sTqviT, rom ra ufleba aqvs damfuZnebel krebas (gvaza­
va: kargaT dagigdiaT yuri!)
Tqven brZanebT, usaTuoT damfuZnebelma krebam unda gaarCios es
sakiTxio. Cven ki vfiqrobT, rom damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba, ma­
gram is iqceva imis da mixedviT, Tu ramdenaT esa Tu is nabiji iqneba
mizanSewonili, rom esa Tu is nabiji, romelsac is gadasdgams, Seef­
ereba saxelmwifoebriv interess. exla me mogaxsenebT raSia aq dava.
aq brZanes, rom damnaSaves ufleba aqvs Sewynareba iTxovos da imi­
tom usaTuoT arsebiTad unda gavarCioT misi Txovnao. b. gvazava amas
asabuTebs imiT, rom TviTmpyrobelobis dros amis ufleba hqonda xel­
mwifes da dRes damfuZnebel krebaso. me mgonia, rom Cvenma erovnul­
ma sabWom, romelic Semdeg parlamentaT gamocxadda, 26 maiss miiRo
damoukideblobis aqtTan erTad is debuleba, rom yvela is kanoni,
romelic ar aris gauqmebuli, ZalaSi rCeba. Zveli kanonebiT Sewynare­
bis ufleba hqonda xelmwife imperators da Semdeg droebiT mTavro­
bas, romelic iyo petrogradSi; da am droebiT mTavrobis Semdeg es
ufleba gadmovida Cvens mTavrobaze (gvazava: ho! amaSia saqme?) dRem­
dis ki am mTavrobas SeeZlo am sakiTxis gadawyveta. exla, rasakvirve­
lia, Cven SegviZlian es ufleba wavarTvaT mTavrobas, Tu davinaxavT,
rom es saWiroa. aq rom irCeodes romelime principialuri sakiTxi,
magaliTad saerTo amnistiis Sesaxeb, es mesmis. mTavrobas Cven ar va­
ZlevT uflebas, rom amnistia gamoacxados. Cven maSin miviRebT kanons
Tu amas saWiroT davinaxavT, an Tu vinme keTil inebebs da Semoitans
Sesafer kanons. magram aq sakiTxi exeba ara amnistias, ara saerTo kat­
egoriis gansazRvras, aramed konkretiul SemTxvevebs, konkretiul
TxovnaT (xmauroba) bat. gvazava, da bat. baraTaSvili gvirCeven, rom
aq daviwyoT sakiTxis garCeva. magram, ramdenaT mizanSewonili da mo­
saxerxebelia es? (gvazava: SveicariaSi?) rogor SeiZleba, rom varCi­
oT amdeni sakiTxebi?, Tqven iciT, rom damnaSaveni bevrni arian. bevrs

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aqvs gadawyvetili sikvdiliT dasja, zogs kidev sxva sasjeli, da Tu
Cven miviRebT Tqvens azrs, daviwyebT sxdomaze, Txovnebis garCevas,
cxadia maSin damfuZnebeli kreba gadiqceva sasamarTlo uwyebaT, sa­
samarTlo uwyebis aparataT.
b. baraTaSvili brZanebs: damfuZnebel krebas, TiTon ar SeuZlian
es, amisTvis man unda gamoyos komisiao, magram, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ra
unda qnas am komisiam praqtikulaT? daadgeba Tu ara ubralo gulke­
Tilobis gzas da ityvis „ivane Seiwyalos,- xolo petres ar Seumsub­
uqdes sasjeli?“
Tavis TavaT cxadia, rom komisiam arsebiTaT unda ganixilos saqme,
unda gaecnos im masalebs, romelic aris ama Tu im dasjil piris Ses­
axeb mogrovili. me vekiTxebi b. baraTaSvils, romelic iuristi brZan­
deba, rogor SeuZlian komisias, rom imis Sesaxeb agrovos masalebi!
(gvazava: rogor xdeba SveicariaSi?) (Tavmjdomare: umorCilesaT gTx­
ovT adgilidan nu laparakobT) b. gvazavam icis ra kanoni aris Sveica­
riaSi, da unda icodes, ra kanonebi gvaqvs Cven. sagangebo sasamarTlo,
kanonis ZaliT, ara swers oqmSi mowmebis Cvenebas; rodesac sagangebo
sasamarTlo saqmes gadaswyvets da gamoitans rame ganaCens da rodesac
Tqven am saqmes SeudgebiT, _ rezoliuciis mets iq verafers naxavT. da
me gekiTxebiT Tqven, rogor SegiZlianT am saqmis Sesaxeb iqonioT msj­
eloba, SeumsubuqoT Tu ar SeumsubuqoT? (xma: mTavrobas rogor Seu­
Zlian?) Tavis TavaT cxadia, rom maSin mowmebs unda daekiTxoT. Tqven
tyuilad ggoniaT, rom Cven amiT usaTuod gvinda mTavrobas mivaniWoT
raRac prerogativebi. Cven amas ar mogaxsenebT. Cven vambobT, rom dam­
fuZnebeli kreba amas ver SesZlebs, amas ver gaakeTebs.
rac Seexeba Semdeg _ wess, amisTvis saWiroa gamoices wesi, ga­
moices kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs im movaleobas, ityvis Tu vis
ekuTvnis es ufleba, ekuTvnis parlaments, mTavrobas Tu sxva raime
organos. eg Semdegi sakiTxi iqneba, magram dRes kiTxva imaSia, riTi
ixelmZRvanelos damfuZnebelma krebam, rom marTlac SesZlos am
saqmeebis garCeva, SeuZlian Tu ara fizikuraT, da aqvs Tu ara amis
saSualeba, kidevac rom dawvrilmandes, rom daiwyos am saqmeebis
garCeva. me vambob, rom damfuZnebel krebas es dadgenileba dawvr­
ilmanebamdis miiyvanda. im opozicias, romelic aq opozicionerobs,
surs, rom es damfuZnebeli kreba gadaiqces raRac komisiaT, Torem
am opoziciam unda icodes, rom ramdenime asi saqmea mogrovili,
sasamarTloSi da rodesac arsebiTaT SevudgebiT erTi sakiTxis
garCevas, rogorc ar unda iyos Sedegi: uaryofiTi, Tu dadebiTi,
Tavis TavaT cxadia, yvela isini Tqven mogmarTaven, da aris Tu ara,
Seefereba Tu ara damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebas, gamomdinareobs misi
muSaobis interesidan, rom Seudges am wvrilman sakiTxis gadaWras...
(gvazava: samarTalia!) simarTlisTvis, b. gvazava, arsebobs sasamarT­
lo, Tqvengan ara erTxel gagvigia, rom arsebobs damoukidebeli
sasamarTlo, romelSiac administracia da sxva vinme ar unda Caeri­

264
os. ai, baton baraTaSvilis loRika mesmis me. iman icis, rom marTla
Secdoma SesaZlebelia, magaliTaT Joresis mkvleli gaamarTles. ro­
gor unda baraTaSvils, _ xom ar surs rom daiWiros damfuZnebelma
krebam sasamarTlos mier gamarTlebuli piri. Tavis TavaT cxadia,
rom am saqmeSi Cven ar vereviT, aq Careva SeuZlebeli aris, garda
amisa, rom Cven amiT davcemT prestiJs TviT sasamarTloisas, damou­
kidebel sasamarTlos princips. Cven ara erTxel gagvigonia, rom sa­
samarTlos prestiJi unda maRla idges, rom mTavroba ar unda Caeri­
os am sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi. da dRes ki Tqven ambobT, rom Cven
unda CaverioT am sasamarTlos dadgenilebaSi, es Cven SeuZleblaT
migvaCnia.
aq aris erTi seriozuli sakiTxi, romelic gamosTqva soc.-revoli­
ucionerebis warmomadgenelma. aq aris sakiTxi sikvdiliT dasjis
Sesaxeb. es me mesmis, es principialuri dava aris. magram, batonebo,
Cven gvaqvs kanoni parlamentis mier miRebuli sikvdiliT dasjis.
(xmauroba), avia es kanoni, Tu kargia, dRes es kanonia. da visac unda
amis gamo astexos principialuri dava, visac unda kanoni Sescvalos,
man unda Semoitanos iseTi kanon-proeqti, romelSiac iqneba naTqvami:
kanoni sikvdiliT dasjisa unda gauqmebuli iyos, da unda moispos.
magram, ratomRac agre ar iqceviT... (xmauroba). ra brZaneT? (Tavm­
jdomare: umorCilesaT gTxovT, nu laparakobT). diax, Tumca Tqven
deklaraciaSi dagvpirdiT, magram Tqven deklaraciis davaleba ar
SeasruleT. Cven ver vixileT asruleba Tqveni dapirebisa, Tqven ver
warmoadgineT dasabuTebuli kanon-proeqti, romelic moiTxovs, sik­
vdiliT dasjis gauqmebas. magram warmoadgenT _ maSin vilaparakoT.
dRes ki warmodgenilia kerZo SemTxveva. warmodgenilia Txovnebi da
am Txovnebze aris laparaki, da ara sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebaze,
da Tu Tqven ar mogwonT kanoni, romeliTac SemoRebulia sikvdil­
iT dasja, Tqven SegiZlianT gaauqmoT is kanoni, magram, sanam ar aris
mospobili es kanoni, am konkretiul SemTxvevaze unda vilaparakoT,
da es konkretiul SemTxveva ar gvaZlevs araviTar sabuTs, rom gavar­
CioT yoveli Txovna arsebiTad. aq, marTalia, aris kiTxva sikvdiliT
dasjisa. es Txovna mTavrobas ukve gaurCevia da uari uTqvams. Tavis
Tavad cxadia, rom Cven ar varT Tqvenze naklebi gulkeTilni, da Tu
gulkeTilobaze aSeneben federalistebi da es erebi saxelmwifos,
magram mikvirs b. gvazava rogor fiqrobs saxelmwifo aaSenos gulke­
Tilobaze. (gvazava: Sewynareba). rac Seexeba Sewynarebas, amaze Cven
vambobT, rom dRes-dReobiT es kiTxva, Sewynarebisa gadasulia mTav­
robaze, mTavrobas SeuZlian amaze imsjelos. Tu daarRveven kanons,
Cven amis Sesaxeb SegviZlian SekiTxva SevitanoT, da mTavrobas pasuxi
vagebioT. Cven ki ar vTvliT mizanSewonilaT kerZo SemTxvevebi ga­
varCioT; es iqneba (xma: anarqia!) Selaxva damfuZnebel krebis presti­
Jisa (gvazava: piriqiT!) da Tu Tqven ggoniaT, rom damfuZnebel krebis
prestiJs, interess icavT, me mgonia amiT Tqven SecdomaSi veravis ver

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SeiyvanT. Cven kargaT viciT Tqveni programa, Tqveni warsuli moq­
medeba, Tqveni awmyo, da Cven viciT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic
amyarebs demokratiul respublikas, Sors sdgas Tqvens idealebTan.
da me mikvirs, rom Tqven raRac ukidures demokratizms icavT... es
Tqven sxvas miandeT da gaakeTeT is, risi gakeTebac SegiZlianT (gva­
zava: me sworeT namdvili demokrati var, da Tqven ki proletariis
demokrati!).
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s r.) moqalaqeno! me mgonia, rom Cven ar gvsurs gav­
igoT es sakiTxi, Torem is sruliad advili gadasawyvetia,
gveubnebian: „SemoitaneT kanonproeqti, gaauqmeT is kanoni, rome­
lic arsebobs, da sikvdiliT dasja, rogorc sazizRari instituti,
moispobao.“ Tqven gemaxsovrebaT Cveni fraqciis deklaracia, romel­
ic moxsenda damfuZnebel krebas pirvel sxdomaze. Cven iq moviTxovT
sikvdiliT dasjis institutis gauqmebas. SesaZlebelia Cven calke
kanonproeqtic SemovitanoT damfuZnebel krebaSi, magram ar vici, ra
bedi ewveva am kanonproeqts komisiaSi. da damfuZnebel krebamdisac,
rom moaRwios sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis kanonproeqtma, mas aq mainc
daasamareben.
social-demokratiul partiis meTaurma b. noe Jordaniam pirvel
saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi xma misca sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas, maSa­
sadame sruliad bunebrivi iqneba, rom TviT social-demokratiuli
fraqcia Semoitandes damfuZnebel krebaSi sikvdiliT dasjis gauqme­
bis kanonproeqts, magram, albaT, soc.-demokratebi exla iseT pirobeb­
Si imyofebian, rom isini aSkarad gaurbian da uaryofen imas, rasac
isini odesme icavdnen. magram exla sruliad zedmetia amaze laparaki.
Cveni sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi arsebobs sikvdiliT dasja, ro­
gorc sasjeli da Cven am faqtidan gamovdivarT, roca moviTxovT, rom
damfuZnebelma krebam ganixilos im pirTa Txovnebi, romelTac sikv­
diliT dasja aqvT misjilni da romelnic Sewynarebas Txouloben.
sasamarTlos, saqmis garCevis Semdeg, gamoaqvs Tavisi ganaCeni dam­
naSave pirisaTvis, sasamarTlos ganaCeni unda iqnes sisruleSi moy­
vanili. ai swored am dros Semoaqvs damnaSaves Sewynarebis Txovna
damfuZnebel krebaSi. damnaSave imas-ki ar moiTxovs, rom Tqven xel-ax­
la arsebiTad gaarCioT misi saqme, is iTxovs Tqvengan Sewynarebas, sas­
jelis Semsubuqebas. es momarTva damfuZnebel krebisadmi ukanaskneli
imedi da nugeSia sikvdiliT misjil pirTaTvis da am ukanasknel imeds
Tqven maT ver waarTmevT. dedamiwis zurgze ar yofila arc erTi des­
potiuri saxelmwifo, romelsac waerTmios damnaSave da gansjil pir­
TaTvis Sewynarebis TxovniT mimarTvis ufleba.
ramodenime piri, romelTac sasamarTlos mier sikvdiliT dasja
aqvT gadawyvetili, mogvmarTaven Cven da gvTxoven sasjelis Semsub­
uqebas. isini mogvmarTaven Cven, damfuZnebel krebas, rogorc umaRles
organos saxelmwifoSi da muxlmodrekilni iTxoven Sewynarebas, md­

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gomareobis Semsubuqebas. damfuZnebel krebas ufleba aqvs da is val­
debulic aris Sewynarebis Txovnebi ganixilos. damfuZnebel krebas
SeuZlia zogierT SemTxvevaSi sruliad apatios damnaSave pirs sas­
jeli, zogierT SemTxvevaSi Seumsubuqos da zogierT SemTxvevaSic-ki
sruliad uyuradReboT dastovos damnaSave piris Txovna. yvela amis
ufleba aqvs mxolod damfuZnebel krebas. SeuZlebelia, ambobden, Cems
win molaparake oratorebi, rom damfuZnebelma krebam miiRos Tavis
Tavze kerZo pirTa Txovnebis ganxilva, radganac aseTi precedenti,
rom SevqmnaT, auarebeli Txovna Semova, damfuZnebel kreba dawvril­
mandeba, Tu Txovnebis ganxilvas Seudgao.
marTalia, Txovnebis ganxilvis texnikuri saSualebac unda gam­
onaxos damfuZnebelma krebam, magram amaze laparaki jer naadrevia.
Cven jer principialurad unda gadavwyvitoT umTavresi sakiTxi,
unda ganixilos Tu ara damfuZnebelma krebam saerTod yvela Tx­
ovnebi, romlebiTac moqalaqeni mimarTaven TviT damfuZn. krebas. Tu
yvela Txovnebs damfuZnebeli kreba ar ganixilavs, SesaZlebelia im
pirTa Txovnebi mainc ganixilos, romelTac sasamarTlos ganaCeniT
sikvdiliT dasja aqvT gamotanili. Tu Cven am sakiTxs dadebiT ga­
davsWriT, maSin SegviZlia vilaparakoT Txovnebis ganxilvis texni­
kur saSvalebaze.
Cven SegviZlia, magaliTad amovirCioT gansakuTrebuli komisia,
romelSiac Seva yvela fraqciis warmomadgeneli. es komisia valdebu­
li iqneba ganixilos damfuZnebel krebis saxelze Semosuli Txovnebi;
wvrilmani Txovnebi SeiZleba ar gaarCios am komisiam, SeiZleba komi­
siam sxva da sxva msvleloba misces sxva da sxva xasiaTis Txovnebs, ma­
gram komisiam usaTuod unda ganixilos im pirTa Txovna, romelTac
misjili aqvT sikvdiliT dasja da romlebic Sewynarebas, an sasje­
lis Semsubuqebas Txouloben. iseTi sasjelis sisruleSi moyvana, ro­
goric aris sikvdiliT dasja, met sifrTxiles moiTxovs Cvengan. Tu
romelime piri CamoaxrCves, Semdeg kidec rom gamoirkves misi udana­
Sauloba, yovlad SeuZlebelia saiqiodan misi dabruneba. SesaZlebe­
lia, sasamarTlo Secda sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCenis gamotanis dros
da Tu Cven am SemTxvevaSi damnaSave pirs es ukanasknels saSualeba _
momarTva damfuZnebeli krebisadmi, movuspoT, maSin Cven TviTon Cavi­
denT did usamarTlobas.
Cven ar gvaqvs araviTari ufleba wavarTvaT es ukanaskneli imedi
iseT ubedur pirT, romelTac zogierT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Sec­
domiT sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamoutana. amitom Cveni fraqcia
moiTxovs, rom damfuZnebelma krebam usaTuod aseTi Txovnebi ganix­
ilos, amaTanave Cven winaaRmdegi viqnebiT, rom Sewynarebis ufleba
mivaniWoT erT romelime pirs, magaliTad prezidents, an da aRmas­
rulebel organos _ mTavrobas. Sewynarebis ufleba unda Seadgendes
mxolod damfuZnebel krebis prerogativas.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.

267
iese baraTaSvili. Cemi azri gaimeores, magram damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevrs niniZes ver gaugia.
me pirdapir ganvacxade, komisiam ki ar unda ganixilos, komisiam
unda daimuSavos saTanado kanon-proeqti.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom es sakiTxi Sewyalebisa da sasamarTlos dad­
genilebis Sesaxeb ar aris sakiTxi safilantropio. es aris uflebrivi
sakiTxi, yovelive saxelmwifos kanonSi aris aRniSnuli Sewyalebis
kiTxva. (xma: marTalia!) ai aq brZaneben, rom marTaliao, Cven sworeT
am samarTals mivdevT. da sworeT Cven gvinda, rom kanoni Seiqmnes.
Cven vamtkicebT,rom es prerogativaa damfuZnebel krebisa da Cven
gvinda, rom es prerogativa kanonSi Camoyalibdes. (arseniZe: Tanaxma
varT!) Tqven brZanebT, rom Tanaxma varTo, maSin me ver gamigia Tqveni
sawinaaRmdego azri. me mogaxsenebT, rom amisTana ufleba Cven mTav­
robas ara aqvs, me pasuxi miviRe miTom Cveni ufleba gadaveciT Cven
mTavrobasao. es brZana krebis wevrma niniZem. kidev brZana, rom ruse­
Tis axalma mTavrobam miiRo es kanonio. es ese ar aris. me sxvanairad
mesmis. ruseTis droebiT mTavrobam gaauqma sikvdiliT dasja, mere
kidev SemoiRo, magram araviTari kiTxva ar iyo aRZruli Sewynare­
bis uflebebis Sesaxeb. ruseTis droebiTi mTavroba iyo aRWurvili
uzenaesi uflebebiT. revoliucionuri wesiT yvelaferi dasaSvebia.
magram aqedan ver gamoviyvaneT daskvnas, rom Cvenc unda mivbaZoT. me
migiTiTebT imaze, rom kanoni unda Seiqmnas imis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara
mTavrobas ufleba Sewynarebisa? krebis wevrma niniZem, gvamcno, rom
mTavrobam uari ganacxadao, braldebulis Txovnaze, me mgoni rom es
aris ukanono qmedeba, Cven vdgevarT uflebriv niadagze, martoka
keTil survilze ar aris laparaki Tqven winaSe.
me vambob iuridiuli komisia iqneba, Tu sxva raime komisia, an mTav­
roba, amis Sesaxeb kanon-proeqti damuSavebuli unda iqnas.
amisdamixedviT aRar gavagrZeleb sityvas, radganac Cemi azri na­
Teli iyo. Semomaqvs Semdegi winadadeba: (kiTxulobs)
„moxseneba sasamarTlos ganaCenebis gamo Semosul arzebis ganxil­
vis Sesaxeb daubrundes iuridiul komisias saTanado kanonproeqtis
SesamuSaveblad, mxolod msvleloba Semosul Txovnebisa da Suamd­
gomlobaTa SeCerdes da sisxlis samarTlis ganaCenebi ar iqnes sis­
ruleSi jer jerobiT moyvanili“.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi Sewyvetili gaxlavT. sityva ekuTvnis mom­
xsenebels.
daviT oniaSvili. erTi qarTuli andaza aris: „rZeze SeSinebu­
li dos uberavdao“; social-revoliucionerebi amas amarTleben. so­
cial-revoliucionerebis warmomadgenels yvelgan monarqia elande­
ba. elandeba iq, sadac monarqiis aCrdilic ar aris. am dadgenilebaSi
sxvaTaSoris, eserebis warmomadgenelma dainaxa raRac tendencia, da
monarqiis Seqmnis survili. magram TiTonac mSvenivrad icis, rom aseTi
survili sruliaTac ar aris CvenSi. aq sakiTxi ubraloT sdgas. saer­

268
Tod aq ar aris dasmuli uflebrivi sakiTxi. damfuZnebeli kreba Sewyn­
arebis da Secvlis uflebis sasamarTlos dadgenilebisas aravis ar
uTmobs. Cven mxolod imas vambobT, rom mizanSewonilobis mxriv ukeTe­
saT iqneboda yvela axali sakiTxi ar ganexila damfuZnebel krebas (xma:
ese igi uTmobs mTavrobas!) me marTali vTqvi, rom sxvanairi dadgenile­
ba, am sakiTxSi Seqmnis did texnikur dabrkolebas. krebis wevrma Senge­
laiam amaze mipasuxa rom, aseTive dabrkoleba iqneba mTavrobisTvis. es
ar aris marTali. aq 130 kaczed meti aris, mTavrobaSi ki sul 5 kacia.
me kidev vimeoreb rom, damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis uflebaze sruli­
ad ar iRebs xels. da Tu moxda qveynis SemaSfoTebeli saqme, rogorc
Joresis mokvla, razedac migviTiTa social-federalistebis warmo­
madgenelma, me maSinac vsTqvi da exlac vimeoreb, damfuZnebel krebas
sruli ufleba aqvs Caerios aseT saqmeebSi da gamoitanos konkreti­
uli dadgenileba, ama Tu im saqmis Sesaxeb, romelsac marTla saxel­
mwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs.
Semdeg gadavdivar im mosazrebaze, romelic wamoayena soc., fed­
er warmomadgenelma. Cemis azriT, is azri, rom aq Cven vlaparakobT
mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, da samoqalaqo procesi ki sul
sxvaa, aseTi dayofa sakiTxebisa maSin, rodesac laparaki aris Sew­
ynarebis sakiTxze, SeuZlebelia, dadgenilebis saTauri aseTia; „iu­
ridiul komisiis dadgenileba, sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamo Semosul
arzis ganxilvis“.
aq laparaki ar aris sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, arc samoqalaqo
saqmeebze. is mosazreba, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs ufro meti
wona da sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre samoqalaqo saqmeeb­
so, me mgonia, Secdoma unda iyos. ase msjelobs ubralo soflis kaci.
misi warmodgeniT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi yovelTvis sisxli
urevia, yovelTvis saxrCobelaze aris laparaki, kacis kvlaze, da am­
itom aseT saqmeebs ufro didi mniSvneloba aqvT, vidre samoqalaqo
saqmeebs. magram Tu saqmes saboloo Sedegis mxriv SexedavT, samoqa­
laqo process iseTive saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc
sisxlis samarTals. maSasadame sakiTxi principialurad unda iqnes
dayenebuli. damfuZnebeli kreba an ereva yvela saqmeebSi, an da arc
erT saqmeSi ar ereva.
b-n gvazavas SeniSvnis Sesaxeb me bevrs aras vityvi.
man Sveicariaze migviTiTa, da gviTxra: SveicariaSi es aris da
CvenSiac es unda iyoso,. b. gvazavasagan sxvagan xSirad gamigonia,
sayveduri, rom Cven dasavleT evropis magaliTebs vbaZavT. exla ki
TviTon xelmZRvanelobs am magaliTebiT, rodesac sruliad ar aris
saWiro cxra mTas iqiT wasvla. rodesac Cven anarqiis qartexili ver
mogviSorebia Tavidan, mibaZva Sveicariisa sruliad usargebloa. me
darwmunebuli var, rom dRes damfuZnebel krebam miandos es saqmeebi
romelime komisias, albad es iuridiul, komisia iqneba, iq umal aTaso­
biT Semova Txovnebi (gvazava: Sewynareba unda iyos Tu ara?) ar vici

269
ras daarqmevT am komisias, magram me erTi unda vTqva: komisiebiT, rom
saqme keTdebodes, Cvenze bednieri eri dedamiwis zurgzed ar iqnebo­
da. am mizniT daarsebuli komisia Zalauneburad sasamarTlod gadai­
qceva. (gvazava: Sewyaleba) diax Cven, rom aseTi winadadeba miviRoT,
maSinve daecema avtoriteti sasamarTlosi. iseT saxelmwifoSi, sadac
komisias SeuZlian sasamarTlos dadgenilebis Secvla, mosamarTleo­
bas aravin ikisrebs. rasakvirvelia Sewynareba unda iyos, Cven moqa­
laqes ver wavarTmevT amis uflebas, magram am Sewynarebas yovelTvis
aqvs Tavis kanoni, da wesi. me mxolod imas vambob, rom damfuZnebeli
kreba amisTana saqmeebSi ar unda Caerios. vidre ar iqneba miRebuli
saTanado kanoni, manamdis (gvazava: manam CamovaxrCoT!) darCeba dRe­
vandeli wesi.
rac Seexeba federalistebis gancxadebas, me movigoneb, rom maga­
Ti warmomadgeneli aris iuridiul komisiaSi, da ramdenadac maxsovs,
rodesac es sakiTxi irCeoda komisiaSi, man mxari dauWira, sworeT im
debulebas, romelic gamoxatuli aris am kanonSi.
Tavmjdomare. amrigad kamaTi damTavrebuli gaxlavT. Semosulia
eserebis winadadeba, rom es sakiTxi daubrundes komisias. me kenWs
uyri am winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame uaryofilia.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? ara­
vin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
daviT oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs).
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis saxelze Semosuli Txovnebi da
Suamdgomlobani, romelnic sasamarTlos ganaCenis Secvlas Seexeba, _
damfuZnebeli krebis mier ganuxilveli rCeba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) fraqciis saxeliT Semomaqvs winadadeba:
„iuridiul komisiis dadgenileba“ Seicvalos ase: damfuZnebeli kre­
bis dadgenileba.
Cven xom komisiis dadgenlebas ar miviReT. miRebulia damfuZne­
bel krebis dadgenileba. ese unda Seicvalos.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. sityva ekuTvnis momxse­
nebels.
daviT oniaSvili. me Tanaxma, var, rom ase iyos.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aseTi gaxlavT; ra saTauri iyos: „dam­
fuZnebeli krebis dadgenileba“, „iuridiul komisiis dadgenilebis“
magier.
kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebulia.
pirvel muxls uyri kenWs. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
exla sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels gancxadebisTvis.

270
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis gancxadeba.

evgeni gegeWkori. moqalaqno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


saqarTvelos mTavrobam brZaneba misca soWis frontze mdgom Cven
jarebs gadavides mdinare bzibi, daikavos gagris olqi da strategi­
uli Cveni punqti mdinare mexadiri.
zedmetia Tqvens winaSe laparaki imaze, rom es nabiji friad sapa­
suxismgebloa. magram mTavrobas sxva gamosavali ar hqonda da is sTv­
lis Tavis Tavs movaled qveynis da respublikis winaSe, rom es nabiji
gadasdgas.
me minda exla mxolod SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba imaze, Tu ra
pirobebSi moxda es da ram aiZula mTavroba mieRo es gadawyvetile­
ba. Tqven iciT, rom soWis frontis istoria xangrZlivia. mas aqvs
sami Tvis istoria. Tqven gaxsovT Zalian kargaT, rom miuxedavaT
imisa, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobas hqonda sityvieri da werilobi­
Ti garantia mokavSireTa sardlobis mier micemuli, rom denikinis
jarebi ar gadmolaxaven soWis olqs, miuxedavaT aseT garantii­
sa, mainc denikinma da misma Stabma, Cven amas Tamamad vlaparakobT,
moawyo ajanyeba soWis olqSi, isargebla amiT da veragulaT daeca
Cven jarebs. man daikava soWis da gagris olqebi da movida md. bzi­
bamde. swored am dros aq Cven gvqonda ukve saqme aqtiur CarevasTan
inglisis mxriv da ingliselebma Cven da moxalise jaris Soris Tavi­
si piketebi Caayenes. masTan ganucxades saqarTvelos mTavrobas, rom
isini am sakiTxs, moagvarebdnen diplomatiuris gziT. me mogagonebT,
moqalaqeno, imasac, rom swored ori Tvis win stambolis sardlobam
gen. milnis saxiT gvamcno Cven da mTel qveyanas, vityvi me, rom man
misca kategoriuli brZaneba denikinis Stabs soWis olqi daecala,
magram ganvlo orma Tvem da es dapireba mxolod dapirebaT darCa
da am xnis ganmavlobaSi Cven ara erTxel da orjel sityvieraT da
werilobiT gvsmenia ingliselebidan, rom es sakiTxi diplomatiur
molaparakebiT gaTavdeboda da saqarTvelos mTavrobas miecemoda
saSualeba daeWira is sazRvrebi, romelic mas miaCnia strategiul
sazRvrebad, e. i. mexadiri.
soWis olqis Sesaxeb ki unda ganvacxadoT Tqvens winaSe, rom Cven
marTlac Cven pretenziebze xels ar viRebT, magram soWis olqis
bed-iRbali migvaCnia sakiTxad parizis konferenciisa da exla ki im
dromde, sanam es sakiTxi gadaswydebodes Cven aucileblad migvaCnia
dagveWira is sazRvrebi, romelic erTnairad uzrunvelhyofen Cvens
respublikas mtris Semosevisagan.
magram, rogorc iciT, moqalaqeno, es sakiTxi diplomatiuri gziT
ar mogvarda da mTeli sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Cveni jari idga erT
da imave alagas. mTeli sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Cven aqedan vawvdendiT
cnobebs, rom es sakiTxi diplomatiuri wesiT mowesrigdeba da aravi­
Tar Setevaze laparaki ar unda iyos.

271
Tqven Zalian kargad mogexsenebaT Tu ra fsiqologiur atmos­
feras Seqmnida es Cvens jarebSi. Tqven iciT, rom molodini, romelSi­
ac sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iyo Cveni jari, xels Seuwyobda Cveni fron­
tis dezorganizacias, magram, sabednierod, Cven Tamamad SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, rom es gamocdac ki mSvenivrad daiWira Cvenma gvardiam da
jarma da mis dezorganizaciaze laparaki zedmetia. magram yvelafers
unda hqondes dasasruli, da saqarTvelos mTavroba fiqrobs, rom ase­
Ti dasasruli swored dRes unda migveca. Cven gvqonda amisi ufleba,
me mets vityvi _ es iyo Cveni movaleoba respublikis winaSe.
unda vamcno damfuZnebel krebas, rom 9 am Tvisas ukve daiwyo
ajanyeba soWis olqSi, Cven gvaqvs utyuari cnobebi, rom am ajanyebam
miiRo masiuri xasiaTi. mTeli xalxi, ganurCevlad erovnebisa, ajan­
yda moxaliseTa jarebis nawilebis winaaRmdeg. amave dros imasac
unda gausva xazi, rom gansakuTrebul represiul zomebs moxaliseTa
jaris Stabi Rebulobda adgilobriv qarTvelobis mimarT da rogorc
amas Cven vtyobilobT soWis moxaliseTa jaris ufrosis oficialur
gancxadebisagan, ajanyebulTa meTaurad qarTveloba miaCniaT.
daisva Cvens winaSe Semdegi kiTxva: rogor unda moqceuliyo am
pirobebSi saqarTvelos mTavroba? hqonda Tu ara mas ufleba daecada
kidev? mTavrobam es kiTxva uaryofilad gadaswyvita Semdegi mosaz­
rebiT. Tundac daejerebina moxaliseTa jaris Stabis gancxadeba, rom
iq, soWis olqSi swarmoebs balSevikuri moZraoba, Cven vfiqrobT, imis
cda Tu riTi gaTavdeboda es SebrZoleba ajanyebulebTa da moxalise­
Ta Soris, Cven am cdis ufleba ar gvqonda, radganac Cven ar gveWira
iseTi sazRvrebi, romelic gvaZlevden garantias, rom Cveni respub­
lika uzrunvelyofili iqmneboda Tavdasxmisagan. gaimarjvebda mox­
aliseTa jari Tu balSevikebi, CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive
iyo. CvenTvis safrTxe mainc realuri iyo, radganac vimeoreb, rom
CvenTvis sasurveli strategiuri sazRvari, punqti ar gveWira. imave
dros isic unda miiRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom SebrZoleba bolSevikuri
da moxaliseTa jarisa exla Tan da Tan farTo xasiaTs Rebulobs da
swored iq, sadac CvenTvis exla safrTxe metad sagrZnobelia vidre
dRevandelamdis iyo, radganac es safrTxe TandaTan Cvensken moiwvevs
da am dros saqarTvelos mTavrobas, rasakvirvelia, ar hqonda ufleba
amis winaSe dayoneba, da ar daeWira is punqti, romelic mas strate­
giulad saWirod da aucileblad miaCnia, da amitomac mTavrobam es
gadawyvetileba miiRo.
dRes diliT ukve moxda gadasvla mdinare bzibze. amasTan unda
aRvniSnoT Tqvens winaSe, rom iq mdgom inglisis jariskacebTan ar­
aviTari Setakeba ar momxdara, Cveni jari ukve gadavida md. bzibze,
waiwia win da dRes Tu xval davikavebT im sazRvrebs, romelic uzrun­
velhyofen Cvens respublikas (taSi).
me mgonia, moqalaqeno, rom am sapasuxismgeblo momentis dros mTe­
li Cveni xalxi kvlavindeburad, ise, rogorc winad fexze dadgeba da

272
Seecdeba SeebrZolos yovelnair safrTxes, aris es safrTxe moxali­
seebis reaqciisa, Tu balSevikebis anarqiisa. ai swored am imediT, am
xalxis TanagrZnobiT, Cven gadavdgiT es nabiji da Cven darwmunebulni
varT rom mTeli xalxi erTsulovanad daicavs Cvens respublikas da
Tavisuflebas! (taSi).

msjeloba gancxadebis gamo.

Tavmjdomare. gsurT Tu ara am gancxadebis ganxilvas exlave


SevudgeT? vin aris winaaRmdeg? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasadame,
gancxadebis ganxilvas exlave SeudgebiT. vis surs sityva? sityva
ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom saqarTvelos demokratiul res­
publikis mTavrobas ara aqvs siyvaruli sisxlis Rvrisa, arc samoqa­
laqo omebisa da arc sagareo omis warmoebisa.
saqarTvelos respublikas, mis demokratias da am demokrati­
is ndobiT aRWurvil mTavrobas yovelTvis da yvelgan erTi mizani
asuldgmulebda. es mizani iyo: dacva Tavis sazRvrebisa da amaTanave
SenarCuneba mSvidobianobisa da keTil ganwyobilebisa yovel Tavis
mezoblebTan.
magram erTia survilebi da meore misi ganxorcieleba.
Cven aseT ganzraxvebs, xSirad sisustiT xsnidnen da egonaT, rom
is, vinc moiTxovs zavs, ueWvelad unda iyos damarcxebuli da vinc
miiswrafis erTa mSvidobianobisaken, visac surs solidaroba xalx­
Ta Soris, keTili mezobluri ganwyobileba, albad amas sCadis Tavis
uRonobis, Tavis sisustis gamo, _ ai aseTi iyo saerTod azri im jgfe­
bisa da wreebisa, romelTac gareSe imperialistur zraxvebisa, ver­
aferi warmoudgeniaT, romelTac hgoniaT, rom cxovreba mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom Zlierma gadaylapos, STanTqas, da SeWamos ufro susti.
magram saqarTvelos demokratiam Tavis arsebobis mokle xanSi,
rodesac igi saTaveSi Caudga respublikas, ara erTxel daamtkica
sruliad winaaRmdegi; ara erTxel da orjel aseTi Tavdamsxmeli moug­
eriebia, daumarcxebia, ukuuqcevia da arc erTxel igi Tavdamsxmelis
rolSi ar gamosula. da mTavrobas Cveni respublikisas da sakanonmde­
blo dawesebulebas ar miucia dasturi imisa, rom Cveni jari, Cveni
gvardia, Cveni SeiaraRebuli Zala migvemarTa sxva qveynebis dapyro­
bisaken, sxva romelime demokratiis Seviwrovebisaken, da sxva, rome­
lime eris, xalxis daCagvrisken. aseTi mizani ar hqonia dRemdis da arc
dRes aqvs Cvens mTavrobas.
im gancxadebidan, romelic Cven movismineT aq, naTlaT, aSkaraT
sCans erTi ram: saxeldobr is, rom Zaladoba, romelic ixmara Cveni
respublikis da misi sasicocxlo interesebis winaaRmdeg moxalise­

273
Ta sardlobam, es Zaladobac ki iTmina Cvenma mTavrobam mTeli Tvee­
bis ganmavlobaSi. man bevri eZia, yoveli saSualeba miiRo, yoveli
RonisZieba ixmara, rom es sakiTxi mSvidobianis gziT, sisxlis dauR­
vrelad gadaeWra, da mxolod yvela RonisZiebis amowurvis Semdeg,
rodesac daikarga yoveli imedi moxaliseTa jarebisagan Cveni saz­
Rvrebis ganTavisuflebisa, is iZulebuli gaxda iaraRisaTvis miemar­
Ta. sxvagvarad arc SeeZlo. sadac sityva ar sWris, iq samarTali unda
aRadginos xmalma. es aris ukanaskneli sabuTi. sxva ukanaskneli sabu­
Ti amis gareSe, sxva ukanaskneli argumenti sazogado cxovrebaSi ar
moipoveba. Cven ara gvaqvs arc saerTaSoriso tribunali Tavisi iZu­
lebiTi, ZaldatanebiTi zomebiT da arc sxva ram aseTi. maSasadame,
dagvrCenia erTad erTi gza: rodesac usamarTloni xmliT, iaraRiT
dagvadgebian Tavze da moisurveben Cven Semusvras, Cvens ganadgure­
bas, Cvens mospobas, Cvenc iZulebuli varT mTeli Cveni Zal-Rone vix­
maroT, rom es Zalmomreoba Tavidan aviciloT. swored aseTi xasiaTi
aqvs im gankargulebis micemas, rom Cvenma jarma bzibis napirebidan
win waiwios im mizniT, rom daiWiros is sazRvrebi, romelic saqarTve­
los respublikis udavo nawilad aris cnobili da romelsac TviT Cve­
ni mopirdapire am Jamad iq mdgomi, saqarTvelos respublikis nawilad
sTvlida. ai aseTi gaxlavT mdgomareoba, arsebiTi mxare am sakiTxisa.
Cven ar SegviZlian sxvagvarad SevxedoT am sakiTxs, verc sxva rome­
lime Zala, ginda politikuri mimarTuleba ganixilavs am sakiTxs sxva
gvarad, raime sxva TvalTaxedviT.
magram aq aris kidev erTi garemoeba, damatebiTi. is rom, am SemTx­
vevaSi, Cven gvaqvs saqme ara raime saxelmwifoebriv erTeulTan, ar­
amed raRac sruliad gansakuTrebul krebulTan, romelic am SemTx­
vevaSi ar eqvemdebareba arc saxelmwfoebriv ideas, arc eyrdnoba
romelime ers da xalxs an klass sazogadoebisa, an sxva raime garkveul
erTeuls. aq Cven gvaqvs saqme mxolod jarTan, romelic Tavis teri­
toriad sTvlis yvela imas, rasac daipyrobs, da romelic TiTon aRi­
arebs Tavis Tavs mxolod moxaliseTa jaraT da imave dros batonobas
acxadebs, mTavrobaT xdeba iq, sadac fexs Sedgams. es erTgvari, raRac
gardamavali, uCveulo, istoriaSi ar yofili magaliTia, vinaidan is
kuTxeebi saidanac modis es jari, Seicavs sxva mTavrobas, magaliTad
yubanis mTavrobas.
yubanis mTavroba saqarTvelos oms ar ucxadebs, xolo moxaliseTa
jari ki saomrad modis. cxadia, es moxaliseTa jari am SemTxvevaSi,
gansxvavdeba yubanis mTavrobisgan. es asec aris, marTlac reaqcia _
revoliuciis talRebSi warmoiSva es gaugebari erTi SexedviT mov­
lena, rodesac adgilobrivi mcxovreblebs adgilobriv mkvidrebs,
romelTac Seqmnes yubanis erTeuli, sruliad ar surT mtroba, brZo­
la saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdeg, xolo moxaliseTa jari,
romelic imave teritoriaze scxovrobs, romelic mxolod da mxolod
reaqcionuri Zalebisagan da elementebisagan aris Semdgari, es Zala

274
Tavis Tavad Tavis sakuTar iaraRze da xiStze dayrdnobili, modis da
ipyrobs saqarTvelos sanapiroebs. ai es aris gansakuTrebuli Tviseba
am ukanaskneli brZolisa da Setakebisa.
cxadia, gasakvirvali ar aris, rom aseT ZalasTan molaparakebam
ar gasWra, masTan mSvidobianobis da zavis ena ar gavida, vinaidan es
xalxi warmoadgens ara raime pasuxis-mgebels erTeuls saxelmwifos
da xalxis winaSe, aramed SeiaraRebul Zalas, romelic Tavis iaraRiT
midis da ipyrobs qveynebs, arbevs, sZarcvavs, da am nadavliT scxov­
robs. arsebobis wyaro am jarisa is aris, rom dapyrobili adgilebi
daarbios da iqidan amoRebul qonebiT Tavis Tavi asazdovos. da ai
sworeT amitom Setakeba am jarTan aucilebeli Seiqmna, aucilebe­
li gaxda. SeiZleba bevri msxverpli Seiwiros Cveni jarisagan, Cveni
gvardiisagan am brZolam, magram mainc saWiroa, mainc aucilebelia am
boroti Zalis Tavidan moSoreba, vinaidan ar yofila arc erTi mxare,
sadac Camdgariyo moxaliseTa jari, rom TviT iqaur mcxovreblebSi
ajanyeba ar gamoewvios. ver naxavT verc erT kuTxes, sadac gamudme­
biT sisxli ar iRvrebodes maTi Sesvlisa, aq yofnisa da maTi iqidan
wasvlis dros. am jaris CamoSorebis Semdeg Cven saSualeba mogvecema
ufro mWidro ufro megobrulad davukavSirdeT im mxares, im namd­
vil adgilobriv interesebis mixedviT Seqmnil respublikebs, ro­
melTa teritoriaze ase TavisuflaT da Tamamad daTareSoben moxa­
liseTa jarebi.
me imeds gamovsTqvam am tribunidan, rom es Setakeba ar iqneba
yubanis respublikisagan gagebuli, rogorc Setakeba yubanis mTav­
robasTan. Cven SegviZlian Tamamad ganvacxadoT araferi gasayofi, sa­
davo donis... (xma: yubanis) arc yubanTan, arc yubanis yazaxebTan, arc
yubanis mTavrobasTan ara gvaqvs. Cven, am SeTxvevaSi, vebrZviT mxolod
moxaliseTa reaqcionur jars da gvinda misi Tavidan moSoreba ise,
rogorc misi Tavidan moSoreba surT soWis, novorosiis da saerTod
yubanis mcxovroblebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Rlonts.
Tevdore Rlonti. (s.f.) moqalaqeno, Cven gvgonia, rom damfuZne­
beli krebis yvela fraqcia Tavis garkveul azrs ityvis am did poli­
tikur mdgomiarebis Sesaxeb. me vambob politikur mdgomiareobis
Sesaxeb, imitom, rom SeiZleba arc erT saxelmwifoebriv jgufs aseTi
mniSvneloba ar hqondes romelime patara saxelmwifos damoukide­
blobisTvis, rogorc aqvs denikinis jars.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom Cven
formalurad yoveli mxare SevasruleT imisTvis, rom arsebuli gan­
wyobileba ar darRveuliyo soWis xalxis da iqauri mTavrobis Soris,
magram yovelgvari molaparakebis Semdeg denikinis jarma ar aasrula
Tavisi dapireba. daiWira sxva adgilebi. ganaviTara iq Tavisi poli­
tika da amnairad gamoiwvia meored saqarTvelos saxelmwifosTan
samxedro moqmedebis gaCaReba.

275
Cvenma fraqciam Tavis deklaraciaSi sTqva, rodesac aseTi saer­
To sakiTxis win dadgeba saqarTvelos mTavroba da saqarTvelos re­
spublika, socialist-federalistTa partia iqneba iq sadac unda
iyos mTeli xalxi. am SemTxvevaSiac Cven ar gvgonia rom aseTi mZime
iyos am tvirTis atana saqarTvelos respublikisTvis. Tumca didia
sakiTxi, magram Cven gvwams ufro advilad aitans saqarTvelos axlan­
deli mTavroba. magram ranairadac ar unda aitanos Cven fraqciis am
sakiTxTan damokidebuleba erTia: yovelgvar Cven Zalebs, yovelgvar
Cven saSualebebs iqiTken movixmarT, rom am SemTxvevaSi da yovelg­
var SemTxvevaSiac saqarTvelos respublikis saerTo saqme iqmnes dag­
virgvinebuli. maSasadame Cveni saqme iqneba, rogorc sazogadoebaSi,
ise yvelgan ganvamtkicoT saqarTvelos damoukideblobis azri, da
xeli SeuSaloT mtris moqmedebas.
aq me minda erTi mcire momenti aRvniSno, Tu risTvis varT dain­
teresebulni gansakuTrebul RonisZiebiT vibrZoloT denikinis mTav­
robis winaaRmdeg. Cven gvgonia, rom denikinis mTavrobis gamarjveba,
denikinis jaris gamarjveba, es arsebiTad niSnavs saqarTvelos da­
moukideblobis ganadgurebas, im SemTxvevaSiac marTlac rom aasru­
los Tavisi winandeli dapirebebi strategiuli punktebis Sesaxeb,
ai am SemTxvevaSiac ki misi arseboba, misi arsebobis gaxangrZliveba,
misi gamarjveba, iqneba Cveni saxelmwifos ubedureba da Cveni saxel­
mwifos sikvdili. Cven ase gvesmis imitom, vkiTxulobT: ra unda de­
nikins saqarTveloSi Cvens winaaRmdeg? denikins is unda, rom aq Tav­
isufali demokratia ar arsebobdes, da Tu vdgevarT demokratiul
safuZvelzed da gansakuTrebiT ufro socialistur safuZvelzed,
Cven vambobT: raki demokratizmi da socializmi gvinda da vibrZviT,
rom es demokratia gadavides socialistur demokratiul politiki­
saken, maSasadame denikinis aq arsebisTvis kidev ufro autaneli iqne­
ba, rom aq iyos socialisturi-demokratia. maSasadame socialistur
demokratiis batonobis TvalsazrisiT aucileblobas Seadgens deni­
kinis damarcxeba. es aris reaqcionuri Zala, es aris uaryofa saqarT­
velos demokratiul saxelmwifosi, ise rom denikinis jaris arsebo­
ba ara marto Cven sazRvrebSi, aramed sazRvrebis ukanac, sazRvrebis
garSemoc ki es iqneba udidesi ubedureba, romelic SeiZleba moevli­
nos saqarTvelos. Tqven mogexsenebaT es didi reaqcionuri Zala au­
taneli gaxda soWis olqisTvis, Tqven iciT rom es reaqcionuri Zala
autaneli Seiqmna imave dros mTebSi mcxovreblebisTvis. mTielebma
Cven mogvmarTes _ gviSveleT, rom es denikis xrova Tavidan moviSoro­
To. me mgonia, rom es Zaxili, rogorc mTebisa es Zaxili adgilobriv
cxovreblebisa, romelsac iwvevda denikinis jari, masTan cxovreba,
yvela es Zaxili CvenTvis, saerTod demokratiisTvis da saqarTvelos
demokratiisTvis, sxvaTaSoris, unda iyos gasagebi, im mxriv, rom Tu
dRes es denikinis Zala maTTvis autanelia, xval CvenTvis iqneba auta­
neli, Tu misi mospoba ar iqneba droze Sesrulebuli.

276
Cven mivesalmebiT Cven jaris Setevaze gadasvlas denikinis ja­
rebis winaaRmdeg, rogorc reaqcionur Zalebis mosaspoblad miRe­
bul zomas.
magram unda vsTqvaT, rom aq mTavrobis warmomadgenelma aRnusxa
rom Cven davikavebT im adgilebs, romelsac eqnebaT umTavresi strate­
giuli mniSvnelobao. Cven xom viciT formalurad, rom yovelgvari
zoma iyo miRebuli, rom is mdgomareoba, arsebuli mdgomareoba ar
Secvliliyo, omi ar dawyebuliyo, exlandeli mdgomareoba aris omis
mdgomareoba da raki es denikinis Zala ar arsebobs arc formalurad,
arc arsebiTad, romelTanac araviTari xelSekruloba, araviTari
saqmis daWera ar SeiZleba, raki es raRac saxelmwifoebrivi protopla­
zma aris, raki es bandaa da araviTari kanoniereba man ar icis, imisTvis
am bandas ise unda movepyroT, rogorc moepyroba saxelmwifo bandas.
da radgan bandisaTvis ar arsebobs sazRvrebi, maSasadame Cven brZolas
ver vawarmoebT sazRvrebis mixedviT, es banda unda moispos yovelgvar
sazRvrebis gareSe. es aris interesi ara marto saqarTvelosi, da soW­
is mcxovreblebisa, aramed saerToSoriso demokratiis interesi.
me SemiZlian vsTqva, rom denikinis sakiTxi aris ara marto saqarT­
velosTvis Tavsatexi sakiTxi, aramed es aris Tavsatexi sakiTxi sazo­
gadod mTel revoliuciis, da maSasadame, Tu Cven dagvWirdeba, da me
RrmaT darwmunebuli var, rom dagvWirdeba revoliuciisaken gaxed­
va, maSin davinaxavT, rom am aqts, am brZolas denikinis winaaRmdeg,
denikinis dasasusteblaT, Cveni respublikisTvis eqneba didi mniSvne­
loba; swored Cveni revoliuciis saerTaSoriso revoliuciis Tval­
sazrisiT unda SevxedoT Cven Sesvlas soWis olqSi.
aq sTqves, rom iq ukve ibrZvis massa denikinis winaaRmdeg; da am
massas aqvs xasiaTi bolSevikur moZraobisa. me ar var gacnobili, Tu
ra gvari moZraoba swarmoebs saqarTvelos iqiT mxares, bolSevikTa
da denikinis ZalTa Soris. magram me mgoni, Cveni jaris iq Sesvlas ar
SeuZlian ar gamoiwvios erTgvari aRtaceba, erTgvari sixaruli Za­
lebis im mxareze, romelic ebrZvis denikinis jarebs, imitom rom, ar­
sebiTad Cveni demokratiis iq gamarjveba, Cveni demokratiis iq Sesv­
la, niSnavs im mebrZolTa Zalebis arsebiTi gamarjvebas, autanel Sav
reaqciisagan, majlajunisagan Tavis daxwevas. TiTon bolSevikebi ar
scnoben Tavis Tavs mZime, autanel mdgomareobaSi CvenTan rodesac Ta­
vidan moiSoreben denikinis Zalebs.
iqneb saqarTvelos demokratiul mTavrobam ar icis, magram Cven
gvaqvs cnobebi, ara erTi cnoba, rom denikinis Zalis mier Seviwroe­
buli bolSevikuri Zalebi Semovidnen saqarTveloSi, Semodian kidec
faqtiurad am bolo xanaSi, Semodian, vinaidan iq cxovreba ar Seu­
ZlianT, urCevnianT saqarTvelos demokratiasTan yofna, vidre deni­
kinis jarTan.
amitom ar mesmis, Cveni jaris soWis olqSi Sesvla, es niSnavs arse­
biTad ara mcxovrebTa winaaRmdeg brZolas, romelic am Jamad bolSe­

277
vikur niadagze sdganan mTavrobis kvalifikaciis mixedviT. es niSnavs
denikinis damarcxebas mxolod, iqauri mcxovreblebs Cveni demokra­
tia yovelTvis Seurigdeba da gamonaxavs im saerTo gzas, romliTac
Cven unda vicxovroT, da romliTac momavalSi mogvixdeba Cven sx­
vebTan erTad cxovreba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) sruliad moulodneli iyo CvenTvis, moqa­
laqeno, mTavrobis gancxadeba, romelic Cven dRes movismineT. mou­
lodneli iyo imitom, rom Cven oficialurad gvarwmunebdnen, rom in­
glisi Caeria am saqmeSi da konfliqti mSvidobianad mogvardao. Tqven
warmoidgineT Cvenma parlamentma amisTvis madlobac ki gadauxada iq
myof inglisis sardlobis warmomadgenels, da yvela amis Semdeg Cven
gvegona, rom omi gaTavda. reaqciis winaaRmdeg, rasakvirvelia, yov­
elTvis ibrZvis revoliucia da iseTi bneli reaqcionur Zalebis wi­
naaRmdeg, rogoric aris moxaliseTa jari, Cven unda vibrZoloT manam,
sanam mas ar davamarcxebT. saqarTvelos revoliucionuri demokratia
da mTavroba, Tuki raime safrTxe moelis Tavisufal saqarTvelos ar­
sebobas, valdebulia am safrTxes SeebrZolos mTeli Tavisi ZalRoniT
da saqarTvelos demokratiac dairazmeba da denikinis reaqcionur
jars SeebrZoleba, magram, vimeoreb mainc moulodneli iyo CvenT­
vis mTavrobis dRevandeli gancxadeba. mas Semdeg, rac Cven inglisis
sardlobas konfliqtis mSvidobianaT likvidaciisTvis madloba ga­
moucxadeT, TiTqos omi gaTavebulaT unda CagveTvala. me ar vuaryof
imas, rom Cven, SesaZlebelia, momavalSic dagvWirdeboda denikinTan
omis warmoeba, rogorc es exla moxda, magram es unda yofiliyo axali
omi da am axali omis dawyebis ufleba ar qonda mTavrobas damfuZneb­
el krebis daukiTxavaT. magram sCans, rom soc.-demokratiuli mTav­
roba winaswar moelaparaka soc.-demokratiul fraqcias da amitom im
fraqciisaTvis, romelic Tavis ricxviT batonobs damfuZnebel kreba­
Si da romelic yvelafers adre tyobilobs, _ misTvis moulodneli
araferia mTavrobis dRevandel gancxadebaSi, xolo mTeli damfuZne­
beli krebisTvis _ ki, rogorc aseTisTvis, _ moulodnelia. mTavrobis
dRevandeli gancxadeba, _ es imas niSnavs, rom omis gamocxadeba, zavis
Sekvra, mTel saqarTvelos gadatrialeba Turme SeuZlia mTavrobas
ise, rom TviT damfuZnebel krebas ar SeekiTxos. es aris, Cveni azriT,
damfuZnebeli krebis prestiJis dacema. SesaZlebelia amas ver grZnobs
is umravlesoba, romelic SemTxveviT aq aris, magram am umravlesobas
erTi-ki moeTxoveba: man unda icodes, rom imis Semdeg, rac Seikri­
ba damfuZnebeli kreba, omis ganaxleba, omis gamocxadeba _ Seadgens
kompetencias, prerogativas mTel damfuZnebel krebisas da ara misi
nawilisas, Tu gind es nawili iyos mravalricxovani soc.-demokrati­
uli fraqcia (xmauroba). diax, me darwmunebuli var, rom jer Tqven
_ soc.-demokratiul fraqciis wevrebs mogxsendaT yvelaferi. Tqven
gadaswyviteT omis dawyeba da mere mTavrobam sisruleSi moiyvana

278
Tqveni gadawyvetileba, Cven-ki mxolod dRes gvicxadebs mTavroba,
rom man denikinis winaaRmdeg Seteva daiwyo, e.i. Cven ukve momxdar
faqtis winaSe gvayenebs. aseT precedents adgili ar unda hqonoda
Cveni damfuZnebeli krebis muSaobis dasawyisSi, magram, radganac
saubeduroT es moxda, Cveni fraqcia energiul protests acxadebs
mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, rom man damfuZnebel krebis daukiTxavad dai­
wyo omi da amiT damfuZnebel krebis prestiJi dasca. amasTan me unda
mogaxsenoT, rom mTavrobis gancxadebaSi Cven ar gvakmayofilebs erTi
adgili, romelic exeba imas, Tu vin aris exla Cveni mteri. mTavrobis
gancxadebidan sCans, rom Cven vib­rZviT denakinis da ajanyebul bol­
Sevikebis winaaRmdeg. marTalia, denikinis winaaRmdeg unda vibrZo­
loT, unda viomoT, denikinis winaaRmdeg unda dairazmos mTeli Cveni
demokratia, magram mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom Cven
erT da imave dros vebrZviT denikinis jars da am jaris winaaRmdeg me­
brZol bolSevikebsaco, radgan orive mxridan safrTxe mogveliso, da
Tu Cven marTla vebrZviT erT da igive dros bolSevikebs da denikins,
nu Tu Segvwevs Zala yvelas vebrZoloT?! ar vici, SeiZleba, marTlad­
ac imisTana Zlierni viyveT, rom mTeli qveynierebis winaaRmdegac vi­
brZoloT, magram jer Cven ar mogvismenia mTavrobisagan araferi amis
mzgavsi Cveni SeiaraRebul Zalebis aseTi Zlierebis Sesaxeb da amitom
veWvob, rom Cven SevsZloT yvelas winaaRmdeg brZola. exla ruseTis
revoliucionuri demokratia ibrZvis denikinis winaaRmdeg, mTac
ibrZvis mis winaaRmdeg, baqos demokratiac winaaRmdegia denikinis
da aqtiur daxmarebas uwevs im Zalebs, romlebic ibrZvian moxaliseTa
jarebis winaaRmdeg. Cvenc unda viqonioT erTgvari mudmivi kontaqti
yvela im revoliucionur ZalebTan, romlebic ibrZvian denikinis wi­
naaRmdeg da isini Cveni mokavSireni arian denikinis winaaRmdeg brZo­
laSi, amitom Cven ver vibrZolebT da arc unda vibrZoloT denikinis
mosisxle mtrebis winaaRmdeg da aseTebi ki arian bolSevikebi. dRes,
rodesac mTeli evropa irazmeba da iyofa orad: revoliucionur da
kontr-revoliucionur Zalad da rodesac revoliucionuri Zalebis
SeerTeba aris saWiro, maSin imis Tqma, rom, iq, sadac ori Zala ibrZvis,
erTi kontr-revoliucionuri, da meore revoliucionuri, _ orive
CvenTvis safrTxes warmoadgenso, es Sem­cdari azria da, me mgonia, am
azrs ver gaiziarebs damfuZnebeli kreba. yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven unda
vibrZoloT denikinis winaaRmdeg da ara revoliucionur demokrati­
is winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels gegeWkors.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgilis ev. gegeWkoris sityva.
me unda mogaxsenoT, moqalaqeno, rom sruliad ar movelodi im ar­
gumentacias, romelsac me aq Sevxvdi dRes.
moqalaqe gobeCiam brZana, rom mTavrobam Tavis gadawyvetilebiT
da Tavis nabijiT dasca prestiJi damfuZnebel krebisao.
marTlaTac, mZime braldebebi gaxlavT!

279
Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobam aramc Tu es, raime amis msgavsic ki
Caidina, aseT mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba da arc unda misceT Tqven Tavs
ufleba erT wamsac ki daikaos is savarZlebi, romelzedac igi zis.
magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom advili aris braldebis wamosrola,
magram imave dros, Tu marTlac moqalaqea oratori damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevri da aZlevs angariSs Tavis Tavs da icis man Tavisi uflebebi
da imave dros man icis, rom uflebebs Tan axlavs movaleoba, da me Rr­
mad var darwmunebuli, rom gobeCia ivanem es Zalian kargad icis, maSin
aseTi braldebebiT gamosvla sajaroT mTavrobis winaaRmdeg yovlad
dauSvebelia da swored aseTi gamosvlebi, Cemis Rrma rwmeniT, amcire­
ben am tribunas da damfuZnebel krebas. (arseniZe: marTalia!)
„saqarTvelos mTavrobam moulodnelad omis gamoacxada“-o.
me vamtkiceb Tqvens winaSe, rom araviTar amis msgavss Cven moqmede­
baSi adgili ar hqonia.
damfuZnebel krebis wevrma gobeCiam sruliad daviwyebas misca
is faqti, rom Cven denikinTan formalurad ukve sami Tvea, rac omSi
vimyofebiT; swored im wams, rodesac denikinma Semoseva daiwyo soW­
is olqSi, da rogorc mogaxseneT, veragulad zurgSi dana dasca Cven
jars, saqarTvelos mTavroba, respublika, damfuZnebeli kreba, misi
mTavroba oms awarmoebda denikinis jarTan (giorgaZe: marTalia!) da
Tu es, bodiSs vixdi baton gobeCias winaSe, Tu es ver SeuTvisebia mas
dRemde, me vfiqrob, rom is Zalian iolad da zereled uyurebs Tavis
movaleobas da pasuxismgeblobas.
Cven mxolod samxedro moqmedebas faqtiurad ar vawarmovebdiT
denikinTan. da Tqven mogaxseneT oriode sityviT, Tu risTvis ar vawar­
moebdiT. Cveni jari, rodesac denikinis jari dadga, movida bzibze,
Cveni jari ukve iq iyo, magram swored am dros saqmeSi Caeria inglisi
da man Tavisi piketebi Caayena. amas me vuwodeb aqtiur Carevas ingli­
sisas am saqmeSi. amiT omi, rasakvirvelia, faqtiurad ar Sewyvetila,
mxolod SeCerda da faqtiurad araviTari axali omi, me vacxadeb saja­
rod xalxis winaSe, saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar gamoucxadebia. magram,
rodesac daiwyo omis moqmedebis ganaxleba, me vfiqrob, rom es swored
misi kompetenciaa, rogorc aRmasrulebel organos da pasuxismgeblis
Tqvens winaSe. es mis kompetencias Seadgens, me vamtkicebdi da exlac
vamtkiceb, rom mTavrobam am mxriv Tavisi movaleoba Seasrula da Ta­
vis uflebis realizacia gaakeTa.
gobeCia brZanebs, rom es gancxadeba CvenTvis moulodneli iyovo,
Cven movelodiT, rom es saqme diplomatiur molaparakebiT gaTavde­
ba da axal omTan saqme ar gveqnebodao. im gancxadebis Semdeg, rome­
lic Cven winaT movismineT vacxadeb me Tqvens winaSe, rom arc erT
mTavrobis warmomadgenels, da kerZoT me, rogorc sagareo saqmeTa
ministrs, arasodes arcerTi gancxadeba ar gagvikeTebia im saxiT,
rogorc brZanebs batoni ivane gobeCia. TiTqos Cven gveTqvas, rom
es saqme ueWvelad diplomatiur molaparakebiT gaTavdebao. araso­

280
des, arsad es ar gviTqvams (Sengelaia: noe Jordanias?). arc Jorda­
nias sityva ar iyo aseTi. diax, Cven gvqonda imedi _ es sxvaa, magram
dabejiTebiT, gadaWriT imis Tqma, rom esa Tu is Setakeba gaTavdeba
morigebiT, diplomatiuri wesiT, aramc Tu mTavrobas Tavis Semad­
genlobiT, me mgonia, rom aseTi gancxadeba arc erT Wkuaze myof ada­
mians TavSi ar mouvidoda.
me ar unda vsTqva braldeba (xma: delegacia?) diax, es marTalia,
vgzavnidiT iq (xmauroba), imave dros unda aRvniSno rom delegacias
vgzavnidiT yubanis mTavrobasTan (xmauroba. Tavmjdomare: ar SeiZle­
ba, batonebo, erTxel kidev mogiwodebT, nu daarRvevT wesierebas)
(xma: madloba?).
neba miboZeT vupasuxo amaze:
ingliss marTlac parlamentis dadgenilebiT madloba ganucxada
im did nabijze, romelic gadadga general milnma da me vfiqrob, rom
am SemTxvevaSi parlamentma mxolod Tavisi movaleoba Seasrula.
me kategoriulad SemiZlia ganvacxado aq, rom brZaneba soWis
olqis daclis Sesaxeb gen. milnidan marTla denikinis Stabma da deni­
kinma miiRo, magram Tu inglisma amis Semdeg Tavisi moqmedeba SeaCera
da meore nabiji loRikuri ar gadasdga da ZaliT ar moindoma sis­
ruleSi Tavisi dapireba moeyvana, aq Cemis azriT, arc mTavroba, arc
parlamenti arafer SuaSi ar aris.
erTi friad TvalsaCino momenti, romelic, sxvaTa Soris aris aR­
niSnuli Rlontis sityvaSi, gaxlavT Semdegi: TiTqos me meTqvas, rom
soWis olqSi ibrZvian bolSevikebi da moxaliseTa jari da denikinis
razmi. albaT is Cemi azri or pativcemul oratorebs ar gaugiaT. rom
es bolSevikuri moZraoba aris _ amas amtkicebs da scdilobs daamtki­
cos generali denikini da misi warmomadgeneli generali bruneviCi. me
amis msgavsi araferi ar miTqvams. piriqiT me unda ganvacxado, rom am
moZraobas, romelsac adgili aqvs iq, araviTari saerTo bolSevikur
moZraobasTan ar aqvs. es mxolod momizezeba gaxlavT denikinisa, mo­
mizezeba mxolod imitom, rom man gaamarTlos is represiebi inglisis
TvalSi, romelsac albaT is mimarTavs iq da ukve mimarTa. me piriqiT,
mogaxsenebT obieqtivad am represiebisa Tavdapirvelad da umTavresad
gaxlavT qarTvelebi, me Semdegi mogaxseneT da marTlac aq Cven Soris
principialuri gansxvaveba gaxlavT. me mogaxseneT, rom exla donis da
kubanis raionSi xdeba Setakeba ori Zalis Soris. ibrZvian denikinele­
bi da bolSevikebi, Cven ar viciT riTi gaTavdeba es SebrZoleba, magram
garwmunebT am tribunidan, riTac ar unda gaTavdes es Setakeba, mainc
safrTxe saqarTvelos respublikas moelis, radganac Tu damarcxdeba
denikini, is Seecdeba axali baza gamoZebnos da SesaZlebelia swored,
rom axali baza saqarTveloSi eZios. aq, me mgoni, safrTxe Tavis Tavad
naTelia da Tu damarcxda bolSevizmi, maSin CvenTvis aSkaraa, rom samx­
edro operaciebs denikini gaaZlierebs saqarTvelos demokratiis da
saqarTvelos respublikisadmi, Cven vfiqrobT da yvelani dameTanxme­

281
bian amaSi. me mgonia, rom pirvel laxvars sworeT Cascems saqarTvelos
demokratias, saqarTvelos respublikas, magram aq meorec mxarec aris.
vTqvaT gaimarjva balSevizmma, rogorc fiqrobs batoni gobeCia.
Tu balSevizmi moisurvebs, rogorc amas is winad Svreboda, saqarT­
velos demokratias da xalxs Tavs moaxvevs Tavis nebas da daamyarebs
iseT wes-rigs, romelic mas CvenTvis misaRebaT miaCnia, _ rogor
fiqrobs batoni gobeCia, valdebulia Tu ara yoveli moqalaqe, Seg­
nebuli demokrati da sazogadoT mTeli demokratia, valdebulia
Tu ara, rom aseT survilebs anarqiis mociqulTa win aRudges da Se­
brZoleba gauwios (xma: es sul sxva sakiTxia!)
diax, batonebo, me ar vici rogor fiqrobs batoni Sengelaia,
mxo­lod ivane gobeCia im azrisa iyo, rom am SemTxvevaSi balSevikebs
brZolas ver gamoucxadebT, mTel qveyanas ver SevebrZolebiTo. me ar
vici mTel qveyanas SevebrZolebiT Tu ara, sazogadoT aseT donkixo­
tobas Tavis Tavze ver ikisrebs mTavroba, mxolod erTs ki ganvacxa­
deb: yovelive iseT Zalas, romelic mimarTulia Cveni demokratiis
Semoqmedebis winaaRmdeg, yovelive iseT Zalas, romelic mimarTuli
iqneba, Cveni demokratiul saxelmwifos da respublikis winaaRmdeg,
Cven aseT Zalas sastik winaaRmdegobiT SevxvdebiT, es aris Cveni is­
toriuli daniSnuleba da SeZlebis dagvarad, me Rrmad mwams, Cveni
demokratia da mis winaSe pasuxismgebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba am
Tavis movaleobas pirnaTlad Seasrulebs.
rac Seexeba yubanis mTavrobasTan damokidebulebas, me unda
aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom am mTavrobasTan Cven gvaqvs saukeTeso,
keTil-mezobluri ganwyobileba. mets vityvi kidec, denikinis agen­
tebi Seecadnen Cven da yubanis yazaxebis da mTavrobis Soris daeTe­
saT Suri, SuRli da mtroba da iyo momenti, rodesac am provokacias,
marTlac iq adgili hqonda, magram dRes atmosfera imdenaT aris ga­
fantuli, rom unda aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom yubanis yazaxebis
jaris nawilebisgana arc erTi ar sdgas Cvens winaaRmdeg. (taSi) isini
marTalia iyvnen Cvens winaaRmdeg erT dros gawveulni, magram Seiqmna
iseTi sulieri ganwyobileba yazaxebSi, rom denikini iZulebuli gax­
da es yubanis yazaxebis nawilebi gaewvia ukan da imis adgilas dRes
Caeyenebina mxolod aficerTa razmebi da sxva elementebi.
aseTia, batonebo, saqmis mdgomareoba da viTareba.
maSasadame, Cveni gancxadebaa _ Cven mxolod ganvaaxleT samxedro
moqmedeba imisTvis, rom meti cda da molodini Cven ar SegveZlo.
yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo Cveni jari dagvetovebina kidev ramodenime
xani im autanel fsixologiur atmosferaSi, romelSiac is darCa sami
Tvis ganmavlobaSi. verc erTi jari, me aq TamamaT SemiZlia ganvacxa­
do Tqvens winaSe, verc erTi saxelmwifo dRevandel mdgomareobaSi,
amdenxans erT adgilas ar gaCerebula, ramdeni xanic SesZlo gaCere­
buliyo Cveni jaris nawilebma. da am mxriv marTlac Cveni gvardiis da
jaris samsaxuri aris SesaniSnavi.

282
meore mxriv, mdgomareoba iseTi Seiqna, rom marTlac aq dayovneba
sikvdilis momaswavebeli iyo da mTavrobam es nabiji gadasdga. vaT­
aveb Cem sityvas imiT, rom araviTari msgavsi im faqtisa, romelsac
batoni ivane gobeCia brZanebs, TiTqos Cven movilaparakeT winaswar
Cven fraqciasTan da TviT damfuZnebeli kreba aseTi faqtis winaSe da­
vayeneT, me vacxadeb sruliad Segnebulad, rom aseT faqts adgili ar
hqonia da mgonia, rom Cven moqmedebaSi amas arc eqneba adgili.
saqarTvelos mTavrobam mxolod wuxel saRamos gasca brZaneba,
rom Cveni jari win waweuliyo, Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom fizikurad da
faqtiurad ar gvqonia SesaZlebloba Tavis droze es gamogvecxadebi­
na da mogvelaparakna, Tumca vamtkiceb, im pirobebSi, romelSiac vimy­
ofebodiT, es iyo moulodneli damfuZnebeli krebisTvis da iseTive
moulodnelia es fraqciebisTvis.
da am mxriv Cvenis azriT batoni ivane gobeCia da sazogadod mTeli
imis gamosvla me vfiqrob, rom yovelive amas saerTo ar hqonda saqmi­
anobasTan, arc xalxis interesebTan, es iyo mxolod imisTvis Tqmuli,
rom STabeWdileba moexdina, magram me darwmunebuli var, yovelive
es gaqreba, mxolod erTi faqti darCeba, rom Cven vcdilobT SeZlebi­
sdagvarad avacdinoT Cvens respublikas yovelive xifaTi, saidanac ar
unda moelodes igi. (taSi).
Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi eq­
vTime TayaiSvili.

gagrZeleba msjelobisa.

giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) im nabijis dafasebaSi, romelic mTav­


robam gadasdga, Cven saxeSi unda viqonioT is istoriuli momenti, ro­
melSiac Cven varT.
istoriuli momenti iseTi gaxlavT, rom umTavresi da uadresi
movaleoba aris sworeT ageba Cveni saxelmwifosi.
saqarTvelo ar arsebobda, rogorc saxelmwifo. exla ise moewyo
saerTaSoriso ganwyobileba da Zala, rom aucilebeli gaxda gamokve­
Ta saqarTvelosi, rogorc Tavisufali saxelmwifosi. maSasadame
aucileblad saWiro gaxda gamokveTa misi sazRvrebisa.
Tu am TvalsazrisiT SevxedeT im nabijs, romelic gadasdga mTav­
robam, Cven ar SegviZlian didi sixaruliT ar mivegeboT imas. did
sixaruliT, vegebebiT, imitom rom aqamdis sworeT politika Cveni
mTavrobisa ar iyo aseTi, Tumca istoriuli momenti da garemoeba
ukarnaxebda energiulad ewarmoebina saqme, saqme Cveni saxelmwifos
aSenebisa.
magram samwuxaroT Cveni mTavroba ar idga yovelTvis am simaRleze.
xSiraT yoymanobda, xSirad iryeoda. amis dasamtkiceblaT moigoneT
is warsuli, romelic exla-xans gamoviareT: Cveni ganwyobileba somx­
ebTan. maSin Cven ver gamoviCineT Sesaferi energia. exlac mTavrobam

283
ganacxada: sami Tve Cven vicadeTo. sworeT es iyo Cveni azriT Secdoma
Cveni mTavrobisa.
magram rac iyo iyo da exla Tu mTavroba gadavida moqmedebaze,
imedi unda viqonioT, rom meryeobas _ romelic Sedegia maTi social­
isturi msoflmxedvelobisa _ exla mainc Tavi daaneba Cvenma mTav­
robam. magram es Sexeduloba rCeba sxva da sxva memarcxene partieb­
Si. aq iyo federalistebis warmomadgeneli, romelic ambobda _ „Cven
exla unda gavzdioT denikinis Sav Zalebs bolomdiso“. bolomdis,
sad bolomdis? donamdis, moskovamdis, _ sanam bolSevikebs Sevey­
rebiT?! meore socialist-revoliucioneri ambobda: „es Savi Zale­
bi ariso, amas unda SevebrZoloTo, da bolSevikebTan ki kontaqti
daviWiroTo“. Turme saqme imaSia Tu ra ferisaa _ Savi Tu wiTeli.
esec Secdomaa da iseTi Secdoma, romelic aryevs mdgomareobas. da
saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobas. Tu agre daviwyeT yureba mxolod
ferovnebazed, gamodis rom zogierTi feris jari SeiZleba SemouS­
vaT Cven saxelmwifoSi. es azri yovlad miuRebelia, amaSi ar aris
azri saxelmwifoebrivi. (xma: marTalia!).
rac Seexeba denikinis jars, me fers ar Sevexebi, iq mgoni yovelnai­
ri feri aris: arian kadetebi, soc.-revoliucionerebi da sxvebic, saqme
imaSia, ra ideas emsaxurebian igini? parizSi aris warmomadgeneli
denikinisa, es gaxlavT sazonovi, miliukovi, boris savinkovi, lvovi
da zogierTi sxva pirebi. amaT Seadgines komiteti, egred wodebuli,
ruseTis komiteti da denikinis da kolCakis saxeliT moiTxoven ruse­
Tis saqmeSi Carevas da ruseTis aRdgenas Zvel sazRvrebSi. Tqven xe­
davT ra saSineleba moelis Cven samSoblos, aSkara aris rom ideuraT
denikini Cveni mteria, es man saqmiTac daamtkica, SemoiWra Cven qveyana­
Si, gadmolaxa Cveni sazRvrebi da daiWira erTi nawili Cveni qveynisa.
aq sxva gza ar aris, xmalma unda gadaWras sadavo sakiTxi. imedi unda
viqonioT, rom Cven mizans mivaxwevT. amave dros me imeds gamovsTqvam,
Tumca mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ar sTqva-ra, rom am militarul
nabijs win miuZRvis diplomatiuri nabiji, rom saqme ise aris mowyo­
bili, rom arsaidan saerTaSoriso safrTxe ar mogvevlineba. deniki­
nis jari saxelmwifos ar warmoadgens. denikinis jari aris mxolod
jari, romelsac Tavisi teritoria, Tavisi saxelmwifo ara aqvs, eseni
arian moxaliseni, romelTac raRaca unda Seqmnan momavalSi _ didi
ruseTi, romelic exla, am momentSi ar aris.
maSasadame aq saerTaSoriso-uflebriv ganwyobilebaze lapara­
kic metia, eseni arian brboebi da am brboebs, rasakvirvelia Cven unda
vebrZoloT.
sul sxvaa bolSevikebi: Tumca maTi Sexeduleba da maTi moZRvreba
CvenTvis misaRebi ar aris, magram vinaidan maT uWiravT mTeli saxelm­
wifo, Cven SegviZlian viqonioT molaparakeba. SeiZleba bolSevikuri
ruseTi icnon da Tu inglisi, safrangeTi, amisTana saxelmwifos icno­
ben, CvenTvis rasakvirelia, ra didi danaSauloba iqneba, rom Cvenc ise

284
SevxedoT, rogorc saxelmwifos da viqonioT molaparakeba, rogorc
saxelmwifosTan. bolSevizmi Tu sxva mimarTuleba, es Cven ar Segvexe­
ba, vinaidan is aris maTi Sinauri saqme, Seexeba ruseTs Cven yovelTvis
unda vixelmZRvaneloT mxolod saerTaSoriso uflebis principebiT.
Cven unda Cveni sazRvrebi davicvaT da SevebrZoloT yvelas, vinc
emuqreba Cvens saxelmwifos da Tavisuflebas, sulerTia, denikinis
jari iqneba es Tu bolSevikebis. aq erTi da igive ideaa, erTi da ig­
ive Tvalsazrisi. es denikinis jari ara marto bolSevikebs ebrZvis,
ebrZvis Crdilo kavkasias, ebrZvis mTielebs, maSasadame iseT elemen­
tebs, romelTanac Cven unda gvqondes kavSiri da axlo ganwyobileba.
isini bolSevikebs ebrZvian, Cven gvesxmian Tavs, ebrZvian mTielebis
Tavisuflebas, maS Cven amisTana bandis winaaRmdeg unda vixmaroT
yoveli RonisZieba: Tu sisxli daiRvreba, me darwmunebuli var, rom
es daRvrili qarTuli sisxli, es msxverpli unayofoT ar Caivlis. es
iqneba daRvrili sisxli, gaRebuli axali msxverpli Cveni saxelmwi­
foebriv cxovrebis gansamtkiceblad.
Cvenma jarma da gvardielebis xmalma unda gamohkveTos saqarTve­
los sazRvrebi. es aris maTi istoriuli daniSnuleba. me meti salapa­
rako ar maqvs, aqedan Tqven xedavT, rom Cven sruliad viziarebT mTav­
robis azrs da mxars uWerT im nabijs, romelic gadadga man.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s. d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Tu meoreT gamovdivar am sakiTxis Sesaxeb tribunaze, es _ imitom,
rom aq wamosrolil iqna iseTi sityva, romelic upasuxoT ar SeiZleba
iyos datovebuli. aq gaisma iseTi xmebi, romlis msgavsi Cven mxolod
erTi wlis winaT zogierT proklamaciebSi wagvikiTxavs.
es iyo baTumis frontis dros, rodesac zurgSi zugdididan Cveni
moZmeni gvesxmodnen mtrulad. mxolod maSin ismoda, oms iwyobs mTav­
roba, am omiT raRacis damarcxeba surT da Cven gviwodeben ase mou­
lodnelaTo. da aseTive sityva gaismis dRes umaRles sakanondeblo
dawesebulebaSi oratorisagan, romelsac Seefereba meti goniereba,
meti dafiqreba, meti sidinje, meti politikuri gamocdileba. is, rac
epatieba ubralo soflad mosul agitators, ar unda epatios saxalxo
warmomadgenels, damfuZnebel krebis wevrs. (xma: marTalia!).
pirdapir gansacvifrebelia, rodesac modis adamiani aq da am­
bobs, Tqven axal oms iwyobT, windawin arc ki gvatyobinebTo, metadre
maSin, rodesac man icis, rom omi axla ki ar cxaddeba, aramed xdeba
gagrZeleba im omisa, romelic sami Tvis winaT gamogvicxades. kidev
ufro meti, gamoucxadeblaT dagvecnen Tavs. xdeba iaraRiT mogereba
imisa, rac sityviT ver iqna mogerebuli, verc sxva saSualebiT, verc
sxva saxel­mwifos CareviT da CagonebiT. aq mxolod xdeba Tavidan
mocileba iseT Zaladobisa, romlis winaaRmdeg araferma gasWra,
da araviTari saSualeba ar darCa, garda xmalisa. aq ki acxadeben:
es CvenTvis moulodnelia, oms acxadebTo, iwyebT Setevas da Cven ki

285
ar gvatyobinebTo. aq isic gamosTqves, rom soc.-demokrat. fraqcias
moelaparaken, sxvas ki arao. me aSkarad vacxadeb: mTavroba, rom mo­
suliyo social-demokratiul fraqciasTan da daeyenebina es kiTxva,
me pirveli imas karze uCvenebdi. Setevaze gadasvlas jars ucxadeben
da mitingebze ki mas ar acxadeben. (xma: saqarTvelos ar exeba?). es Sei­
Zleba surs damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gobeCias, magram me vambob, rom
xalxi, romelTanac Tqven mixvalT winaswar mitingebis gasamarTaT da
etyviT, rom ama da am dRes Cven gvinda gadavideT Setevazeo, is gipa­
suxebs, provokacias ewevio. (taSi) es gaxlavT iseTi saRi, gonieri da
miucilebeli mosazreba, rom verc erTi demokrati, rac unda didi
momxre iyos yvelaferi saqmis xalxis mier gadawyvetisa, am saqmeSi,
brZolis sakiTxSi aseT saidumlos dacvas veravis ukiJinebs. sul sxva
iqneboda, marTlac, rom axali omi dawyebuliyo, rom ori mopirda­
pire jari piris-pir ar mdgariyo iaraRiT xelSi, erTi meoreze xmal
miRerebuli, sul sxva iqneboda, rom ucbaT gamogvecxadebina mobili­
zacia da gagvereka jari frontze, da xalxis daukiTxavaT migvesia
meore xalxisTvis. rodesac damfuZnebel krebis wevrs surs amgvarad
monaTlos aseTi martivi da aSkara moqmedeba mTavrobisa, ra aris
es? gaugebroba, Seugnebloba Tu Tavisi sikotris gamoCena? (gobe­
Cia: movaleobaa!) es Tu vismes miaCnia movaleobaT, miT uaresi misT­
vis. gana SeiZleba vinmes movaleobaT miaCndes is, rac met zians, met
zarals moutans xalxs, da erTi orad mets msxverpls Seiwiravs xalx­
isagana? vinc ase Sexedavs Tavis movaleobas, is emzgavseba imas, vinc
baTumis operaciis dros miznaT isaxavda zurgSi dagvsxmoda da amiT
TiTqos undodaT exsnaT saqarTvelo, Cveni demokratia anarqiisa da
gaWirvebisagan. da amas eZaxdnen movaleobas. magram es iyo movaleo­
ba winaaRmdeg xalxis interesisa, da Cven viciT, rogori msjavri ga­
moitana xalxma aseT pirebisadmi da Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom momavalSi,
vinc aseT eqsperimentebs gaimeorebs, iseTsave msjavrs miiRebs qarT­
vel xalxisagan.
Tavmjdomare. gaxlavT winadadeba Semotanili, rom Seswydes kama­
Ti. vis surs amis Sesaxeb sityva? sityva ekuTvnis gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) kamaTi ar unda Seswydes, radganac am tri­
bunidan bevri iseTi ram ganacxades, rac Cemi sityvis deda-azrs
amaxinjebs da amitom Cemgan aucileblaT moiTxovs pasuxs. me msurs
davumtkico damfuZnebel krebas, rom Cveni fraqcia swored xalxis
interesebiT xelmZRvanelobda, rodesac me damavala gamovsuliyavi
aq im gancxadebiT, romelic me gavakeTe. SesaZlebelia, Cemi sityva
sworaT ver gaiges verc arseniZem da verc gegeWkorma, Torem yovlad
SeuZlebelia iseTi sapasuxo sityvebis warmosTqma, romlebic ar
Seadgenden pasuxs Cem mier warmoTqmul sityvisas. Cemi sityvidan ar
SeiZleboda iseTi daskvnis gamoyvana, viTomdac me viyo winaaRmdegi
denikinis winaaRmdeg omis warmoebisa, Tu gnebavT Sewyvetil samxe­
dro operaciebis ganaxlebisa.

286
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven kamaTis Sewyvetis gamo... (Sen­
gelaia: dasabuTeba!) neba miboZeT, _ sabuTi da dasabuTeba Cvenc gve­
smis. Tqven mogeciT sityva, rom winaaRmdegi azri gamosTqvaT kamaTis
Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
ivane gobeCia. diax, me mgonia, exla rom SevwyvitoT kamaTi, es iqne­
ba cota naadrevi. samarTlianoba moiTxovs, mowinaaRmdeges azric
moisminoT. Tqven TviTon unda grZnobdeT, rom kamaTi dasrulebulaT
ver CaiTvleba, Tu gind, rom ase inebos umravlesobis fraqciis TiTeb­
ma. mTavrobis moxsenebis Sesaxeb, rom exla Sewydes kamaTi, es iqneba
xelovnurad Sewyvetili kamaTi; kamaTis dasrulebas bevri ram Tu ar
aklia, erTi wertili xom mainc aklia, amas Tqven kargaT grZnobT da
amitom nu momispobT saSvalebas es wertili me davsva da miT davam­
TavroT kamaTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom kamaTi Seswydes? vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? kamaTi Sewyvetilia. aq gaxlavT ori rezoliucia, erTi
social-demokratebisa, meore social-revoliucionerebisa. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

social-demokratiul fraqciis rezoliucia.

„moismina ra mTavrobis moxseneba soWis frontze momxdar ambebis


gamo, damfuZnebeli kreba acxadebs, rom mTavrobam yoveli Rone ixmara
soWis frontze Cveni respublikis udavo da sasicocxlo interesebis
dasacavad mSvidobiani gziT da saSvalebiT, rom moxaliseTa jariT
kont-revoliucionurma da agresiulma miznebma, romelic mimar­
Tulia Cveni demokratiis damxobisa da revoliuciis monapovarTa
gauqmebisaken, aucilebeli gaxda iaraRiT aRdgena Cveni demokratiis
uflebebisa, damfuZnebeli kreba darwmunebulia, rom saqarTvelos
revoliucionuri gvardia da jari, mTeli Tavisi revoliucionuri
gatacebiT daicavs am Savbnel SeiaraRebuli reaqciis Semosevisagan
Cvens demokratiul respublikas.
damfuZnebeli kreba iwonebs mTavrobisagan gadadgmul nabijebs
da gadadis morig kiTxvebze“.

socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis rezoliucia.

„moismina ra mTavrobis gancxadeba soWis ambebis Sesaxeb, dam­


fuZnebeli kreba aRniSnavs, rom omis gamocxadeba, an misi ganaxleba
Seuwynarebelia damfuZnebel krebas moxsendes Post-Factum.
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba saerTo safrTxis winaSe mou­
wodebs saqarTvelos demokratias mTeli Tavis Zal-RoniT SeebrZo­

287
los reaqcias revoliuciis monapovarTa dasacavad da uzrunvel say­
ofad. amasTanave damfuZnebeli kreba avalebs mTavrobas dauyonebliv
daamyaros kontaqti da kavSiri yvela im ZalebTan, romelnic ibrZvi­
an denikinis reaqcionur Zalebis winaaRmdeg, raTa amierkavkasiis da
ruseTis revoliucionur demokratiis saerTo Zal-RoniT ailagmos
feodalTa Savi reaqcia“.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre pirveli rezoliuciisa? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? (winaaRmdegni arian social-revoliucionerebi). vin
aris momxre meore rezoliuciisa? maSasadame pirveli rezoliucia
miRebulia.
exla rogora gnebavT, ganvagrZoT kreba Tu ara? (xmebi: ganvagr­
ZoT!) sityva ekuTvnis soloRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqsti dekretisa axalcixe-axalqalaqis


ltolvilTaTvis ori milioni maneTis gadacemisa

soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs)


„dekreti Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankargulebaSi ori milioni
(2.000000) maneTis gadacemisa axalcixe-axalqalais mazrebSi dazara­
lebulTa dasaxmareblad“.
damfuZnebel krebis mier iyo miRebuli „kanon-proeqti“, magram
saredaqcio komisiam umjobesaT dainaxa, rom ewodebina misTvis
dekreti.
pirveli muxli miRebuli gaxlavT ucvlelaT.
meore muxli damfuZnebel krebis mier iyo miRebuli amgvarad:
(kiTxulobs) meore muxlSi aRniSnuli ori milion (2.000.000.) maneTi
daniSnulebisamebr mosaxmareblad mieces Sinagan saqmeTa ministris
gankargulebaSi.
Cven miviReT amgvarad: 2. pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli ori milioni
(2.000.000) maneTi gadaeces Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs gankargulebisaT­
vis daniSnulebisamebr mosaxmareblad.
aq Seicvala Semdegi sityvebi: mieces magivrad Cven vixmareT ga-
daeces.
da kidev sityvebi aris gadasmul-gadmosmuli.
mesame muxlSi, radganac Cven saTaurSi kanonis magivraT vixmareT
dekreti, am muxlSic kanonis magier vixmareT dekreti.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi am muxlisa? miRebulia.
Semdegi saboloo teqsti rkinis gzebze tarifis gadidebis ka­
nonisa.
soloRaSvilis asuli. Zveli redaqcia iyo aseTi. (kiTxulobs)

kanonproeqti respublikis saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzebze


tarifebis gadadebisa.

288
I. 1917 wlis 10 ivnisamde arsebuli tarifebi gadidebul iqnes Sem­
deg nairad:
1). samgzavro bileTebi I klasisa _ xuTmetjer. meore klasis
Tormetjer, mesame da meoTxe klasebisa _ aTjer;
2). bargis (bagaJis) gadazidvis fasi ocda oTxjer;
3). saqonlis TanmyolTa bileTis fasi _ aTjer;
4). samgzavro matareblis sazidi saqonlis tarifi _ ocda oTxjer;
5). sadguris perronaze gasasvleli fasi aTi Sauri _ orjer.
6). saraiono komitetis xarji sami maneTis nacvlad iqnes xuTi
maneTi;
7). saqonlis Sesanaxav SenobaTa asagebad sami kapeikis nacvlad
xuTi kapeiki.
saredaqcio komisiam miiRo: (kiTxulobs)

kanoni

respublikis saxazino da kaxeTis rkinis gzaze


tarifis gadidebisa.

1. 1917 wlis ivnisis 10-de arsebuli tarifi gadidebul iqnes Sem­


degnairad:
1). samgzavro bileTi 1-klasisa _ xuTmetjer, meore klasisa _
Tormetjer. mesame da meoTxe klasisa-aTjer;
2). bargis (bagaJis) gadazidvis fasi ocda oTxjer;
3). saqonlis gamyolTa bileTis fasi-aTjer;
4). samgzavro matarebliT sazidi bargis tarifi ocda oTxjer;
5). sadguris baqanze gadasasvleli fasi aTi Sauri orjer
6). saraiono komitetis xarji sami maneTis nacvlad iqnes xuTi
maneTi;
7). saqonlis Sesanaxavi Senobis asagebad sami kap. nacvlad xuTi
kapeiki.
erTxel da samudamod aris miRebuli mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlo­
biTi ricxvis magivrad.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT is muxlebi waikiTxoT, sadac cvlilebebi
aris Setanili.
soloRaSvilis asuli. meore muxlSi mravlobiTi ricxvi aris
Secvlili mxoloobiT ricxviT.
mesame muxli ucvleladaa.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
soloRaSvilis asuli. saredaqcio komisiam ukve Seaswora dRes
miRebuli kanonebi. gnebavT moisminoT?
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

289
saboloo teqsti eqspediciisTvis 1 milion
maneTis gadadebis dekretisa.

soloRaSvilis asuli. saboloo teqsti saxelmwifo qaRaldebis


dammzadebel eqspediciisTvis sawarmoo iaraRisa da masalis Sesa­
Zenad erT milion maneTis gadadebis dekretisa.
aq saredaqcio komisiam Seitana Semdegi Sesworebani. ewera gam­
mzadebel eqspediciisaTvis. Cven miviReT dammzadebel eqspediciisT­
vis. Semdeg Cven sawarmoebeli amovSaleT da miviReT: iaraRis da masa­
lis SesaZenad.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am cvlilebisa? miRebulia.

saboloo teqsti amier-kavkasiis


bonebis gamocemis dekretisa.

soloRaSvilis asuli. dekreti amier-kavkasiis bonebis gamocemisa.


saqme imaSia, rom Cven gvqonda analogiuri SemTxveva, da kanon-pro­
eqtis magivrad miviReT saxelwodeba „dekreti“, radganac SinaarsiT
sworeT amas Seefereba. am SemTxvevaSic Cven varCieT, rom kanon-proeq­
tis magivraT vixmareT dekreti.
pirvel muxlSi mxoloT sityvebi aris gadasmuli. meore muxlSi
cvlileba aris Semdegi: damfuZnebel krebam miiRo:
2. Tanabari Tanxa, e.i. as-asi milioni maneTi, mieces somxeTis da
azerbeijanis respublikebs, xolo azerbeijanis respublikas agreTve
unda mieces ama wlis 30 ianvris emisiidan miuRebeli oTxmoci milion­
ic, roca dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavrobani amis Sesaxeb Sesafer
xelSekrulebas dasdeben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
saredaqcio komisiam es muxli ase Sescvala.
2. Sesaferi Tanxa gamoices somxeTis da azerbeijanis respublike­
bisaTvis da mieces maT, _ roca dasaxelebul respublikaTa mTavro­
bani Sesafer xelSekrulobas dasdeben saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan.
azerbeijanis respublikas unda mieces agreTve ama wlis ianvris 30-s
emisiidan miuRebeli oTxmoci milioni ukeTu saTanado xelSekrulo­
bas xels moawers.
mesame muxlSi sityva „aRniSnuli“ Seicvala sityviT „moxsenebuli“.
meoTxe muxlSi dekretisa nacvlad kanonisa naxmaria dekreti.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi. aravin. miRebulia.
Semdeg gaxlavT damfuZnebel krebis reglamenti. (xmebi: gadavdoT).
exla keTil inebeT da daniSneT Semdegi sxdoma (xma: paraskevs) aR­
dgomis paraskevs dainiSneba sxdoma.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 25 wuTze.

290
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meTormete sxdoma

1919 weli. aprilis 25. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomris amxanagi


aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 11 s. 15 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.

komisiebSi gadasacem kanonproeqtebis sia.

mdivani. Semotanili gaxlavT komisiebSi gadasacemaT Semdegi ka­


non-­proeqtebi: (kiTxulobs).
1. ganaTlebis ministris kanonproeqti saSualo da umaRles daw­
yebiTi skolebisaTvis 4.075.581 man. 16 kap. gadadebis Sesaxeb, saqarT­
velos parlamentis 1919 wlis ianvaris kanonis Tanaxmad.
gadaecema ganaTlebis da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
2. ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti, saukeTeso saxelmZRva­
neloT avtorTaTvis premiebis misacemad 100,000 m. gadadebisa. gadae­
cema sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
3. gzaTa ministris kanonproeqti dadgenilebisa rkinis gzis saw­
yobebSi saqonlis Senaxvis vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema gzaTa da safinanso komisiaT.

291
garda amisa, Semosuli aris saqarTvelos respublikis fosta
telegrafis mosamsaxureTa kavSiris moxseneba, romelsac darTuli
aqvs Semdegi rezoliucia: (kiTxulobs rezoliucias.) prezidiumis
azri gaxlavT, rom es unda gadaeces masalad safinanso-sabiujeto
komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs) dRiur wesrigs.


1. dadgenileba damfuZnebel krebis xelovnebis komisiisaTvis
100,000 maneTis gadacemisa.
2. damatebiTi kanonproeqti saqarTvelos moqalaqeobisa (qveSev­
rdomobisa).
3. damfuZnebeli krebis reglamentis ganxilvis gagrZeleba.
prezidiumis azriT es dRiuri wesrigi unda Seicvalos amnairad:
pirvelad unda daisvas reglamentis saboloo teqstis ganxilvis
gagrZeleba. meored damatebiTi kanonproeqti moqalaqeobisa da mesa­
med dadgenileba xelovnebis komisiisa.
Tavmjdomare: vis surs sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravin aris. dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia. pirveli
kanonproeqti saboloo teqsti damfuZnebeli krebis reglamentisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels grigol naTaZes.

saboloo teqsti damfuZnebel krebis reglamentisa.

grigol naTaZe moaxsenebs krebas im saredaqcio cvlilebebs, ro­


melic Seitana saredaqcio komisiam damfuZnebel krebis mier miRebul
teqstSi.
damfuZnebeli kreba amtkicebs saredaqcio komisiis mier miRebul
cvlilebebs.

damatebiTi kanon-proeqti saqarTvelos moqalaqeobisa.

Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs sayvareliZes.


pavle sayvareliZe. batonebo, es sakiTxi qveSevrdomobisa TqvenT­
vis sul axali ar aris. magas didi mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadod saxel­
mwifoebriv cxovrebaSi.
saxelmwifo warmoudgenelia uqveSevrdomobod, rogorc umTav­
robod SeuZlebelia saxelmwifo warmovidginoT an uteritorioT.
unda hqondes mas qveSevrdomoba. es aucilebeli iuridiuli urTier­
Tobaa saxelmwifos da pirovnebis Soris.

292
teritoria, mTavroba, mTavrobis Zalaufleba da qveSevrdomo­
ba es dRevandeli saxelmwifoebrivi arsebis, niSandoblivi Tviseba
aris, amitom amas aqvs didi mniSvneloba. rodesac saxelmwifo Cveu­
lebriv pirobebSia, rodesac saxelmwifos aqvs Cveulebrivi konsti­
tucia, maSin iq aris aRniSnuli Cveulebrivi pirobebi qveSevrdomo­
bisa. magaliTad, rogor moipoebis an rogor pirobebSi daikargvis
qveSevrdomoba. magaliTad: ucxo adamiani cxovrobs didxans ama Tu im
saxelmwifos teritoriaze da poulobs uflebas mosTxovos saxelm­
wifos qveSevrdomoba. aris dabadeba, qorwineba da sxva, es aris Cveu­
lebrivi wesi. magram aris sxva pirobebi, rodesac es Cveulebrivi wesi
ara kmara. magaliTad saxelmwifo ar iyo guSin, ibadeba exla.
ai, magaliTad saqarTvelo arsebobda 120 wlis winaT, mere 120
wlis Semdeg gamocxadda saxelmwifoebriv organizmaT. ai iq gan­
sakuTrebuli pirobebia. am pirobebs gauwia angariSi pirvelad
erovnulma sabWom, rodesac miiRo pirveli debuleba moqalaqeobisa.
Cvenma saxelmwifom Seqmna mTavroba, misca mas Zala-ufleba, yoveli
es SeiZina 26 maiss damoukideblobis aqtis gamocxadebis dros. gar­
da amisa teritoria gvaqvs. saqarTvelos teritoria gansakuTrebiT
2 guberniaa. saWiro iyo moqalaqeebis gamorkveva. ai sworeT, rom ga­
moerkvia iuridiuli safuZveli am moqalaqeobisa, erovnulma sabWom
miiRo debuleba moqalaqeobisa 15 ivliss 1918 wels. es iyo ara Cveu­
lebrivi movlena. mas aqvs mniSvneloba im droisTvis, roca saxelm­
wifo acxadebs Tavis iuridiul safuZvels. Tqven gaxsovT, debulebam
gamoiwvia didi kritika, sazogadod erTgvari ukmayofiloba, Cvens
winaaRmdeg amxedrebul, moazrovne sazogadoebaSi. magram SegviZlia
davamowmoT, rom es sruliad usafuZvlo iyo.
ras emyareba debuleba, romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom? is aRi­
arebs, rom yoveli mkvidri mcxovrebi saqarTvelos respublikisa aris
moqalaqe saqarTvelosi. vin aris mkvidri? debuleba aRiarebs: mkvid­
ri aris is, vinc aris miwerili ama Tu im administratiul erTeulze
1914 w. 19 ivlisamde. ai es aris ZiriTadi mxare, arseba Zveli debulebi­
sa. amiT Cven erTi dakvriT gamovarkvieT mTeli kategoria namdvil
moqalaqeebisa, romlebzedac damyarebulia saxelmwifo. igi uamisod
ver iqneboda suverenuli, amasTan Cven aRvniSneT Tu vin, ra elemen­
tebi arian es mkvidrni. isini gansazRvrul pirobebSi CavayeneT Cven.
yvela mcxovrebi ki ar aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, aramed is mkvidri
mcxovrebi, romelic gansazRvrul dromde miwerili iyo administra­
tiul erTeulze. es dro aRniSnuli iyo 19 ivlisi 1914 weli. ratom?
cxadia ratom. es didi dataa saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi da Cvens cxov­
rebaSiac. im dromdisin SedarebiT Cveulebrivi, cxovreba normal­
uri iyo. im dRidan cxovreba air-dairia. omi gaCaRda. mTeli erebi,
aisvaren erTmaneTSi, ltolvilni gadadiodnen erT saxelmwifodan
meoreSi. im droidan moxda didi gadasvl-gadmosvla gadasaxl-gadmo­

293
saxleba saxelmwifoTa Soris da erTa Soris. ai aman gamoiwvia Cveni
erTgvari sifrTxile. radganac Cven teritoriaze, romelsac ewodeba
saqarTvelos respublika, iyo gadmosaxlebuli mravali iseTi elemen­
ti, romelsac araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda arc socialuri, arc kul­
turuli, arc ekonomiuri, ar iyo dakavSirebuli Cven teritoriasTan,
amitom SesaZlebeli iyo, rom isini Cven moqalaqeobaT mogvevline­
boden, rac aucileblaT imoqmedebda Cven saxelmwifoebriv Semoq­
medebaze. amitom aRiniSna es data. es iyo arseba pirvel debulebisa,
romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom. garda amisa am debulebaSi miviReT
meore muxli, romelSiac ori moqalaqeoba SeuZleblaT vcaniT Cven.
is, vinc Cveni, moqalaqea ver iqneba sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeT da is,
vinc sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqea Cven saxelmwifos moqalaqe ver iqne­
ba _ saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqe ar SeiZleba iyos imave dros
sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqe. arian iseTi saxelmwifoebi, Tumca iSvia­
TaT, romelnic or qveSevrdomobas, or moqalaqeobas uSveben.
Tqven iciT, rom qveSevrdomoba iwvevs movaleobas da uflebas.
amitom ori moqalaqeoba did uxerxulobas badebs. am SemTxvevaSi mo­
qalaqes SeuZlia iborotmoqmedos, rogorc erTs ise meore saxelm­
wifoSi. is movaleobas gauZvreba rogorc erTgan is meoregan, xolo
uflebiT ki isargeblebs, an SeuZlian isargeblos. amitom Cveni kanon­
debloba aRiarebs, rom or moqalaqeoba dasaSvebi ar aris. mesame mux­
liT iciT kargaT Tqven, rom mxolod saqarTvelos respublikis mo­
qalaqes aqvs politikuri uflebani. maSasadame, vin aris moqalaqe?
moqalaqe mkvidria da mkvidri ki is aris, vinc miwerili aris ama Tu im
administratiul erTeulze. arsebiTad im kritikam, romelic am kan­
ons gauCnda egredwodebul opoziciaSi, Cveni respublikis opozici­
is wreebSi, veraferi ver daamtkica. unda vsTqvaT, rom am kanonma
gaamarTla Tavisi daniSnuleba. saxelmwifom gamoarkvia Tavisi sa­
fuZveli iuridiulaT, da es, rom ase aris amas amtkicebs damfuZnebe­
li kreba, romelic arCeuli aris, sworeT am kanonis mixedviT. magram
erTi ram aRmoCnda. am kanonis gareSe kidev darCnen iseTi elementebi
romelnic miwerilni ar aris, magram moqalaqeebaT surT yofna, anda
SeiZleba surdeT yofna. eseni arian rogorc qarTvelebi tomiT, ise
ara qarTvelebi. bevri miwerili ar aRmoCnda. yovel SemTxvevaSi es
iseTi elementebia, romelic ar iyven miwerili, magram romelnic
Tavisi bunebrivi, Tavisi socialuri, Tavisi ekonomiuri kavSir­
iT saqarTvelos bunebrivi moqalaqeni arian, saqarTvelos bunebriv
mkvidrad CaiTvlebian. amitom amis SesavsebaT Cveni sakonstitucio
komisiis TaosnobiT SemovitaneT meore kanon-proeqti, damatebiTi
kanon-proeqti, magram es damatebiTi kanonproeqti imave ara Cveule­
briv pirobebs exeba, romlebsac exeboda pirveli debuleba erovnul
sabWos mier miRebuli. im debulebis gareSe darCnen iseTi qarTvele­
bi, iseTi mkvidrni, romelnic miwerilni ar arin, da maSasadame rCebi­
an gamoricxulaT Cveni moqalaqeobidan. cxadia Cvenma kanondeblobam

294
unda Seavsos es, anda gaafarTovos qveSevrdomobis farglebi im kate­
goriisTvis romelic ar Sedis pirvel debulebis farglebSi.
es damatebiTi kanon-proeqti laparakobs imas, rom garda im moqa­
laqeebisa, romelnic aRiarebulni arian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebaT
pirvel debulebis ZaliT, kidev Cairicxeboda saqarTvelos moqalaqeT
yofil ruseTis imperiis yoveli qveSevrdomi qarTveli sadac da ram­
deni xanic unda scxovrobdes dRidan am kanonis gamocxadebisa. arian
iseTi qarTvelebi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise saqarTvelos gareSe,
yofil ruseTis imperiis farglebSi, romelnic mowerilni ar arian,
maSasadame ar Sedian Cven moqalaqeTa ricxvSi pirvel debulebis Zal­
iT. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vlaparakobT yovel qarTvelze, yovel ruseTis
imperiis qveSevrdomze, romelic unda iyos aRiarebuli Cveni kanon­
proeqtis ZaliT, saqarTvelos moqalaqeT; dRidan am kanonis gamocxa­
debisa. ra azri hqonda amas? Cvenis fiqriT, qarTvelebi, rogorc aq
saqarTvelos farglebSi mcxovrebni, ise ruseTSi, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
didi umravlesoba msurvelia daukavSirdes saqarTvelos, maT undaT
misi qveSevrdomoba. SeiZleba sul mcire ricxvi qarTvelebisa ar iyos
amis Tanaxma, ar moisurvos Cveni moqalaqeoba, magram maTTvis Cven gan­
sakuTrebuli kanoni ar gvinda davweroT, es mcire gamonaklisi iqneba,
romelzedac laparaki ar Rirs.
maSasadame yoveli qarTveli, yofil ruseTis imperiisa, aris aRi­
arebuli saqarTvelos qveSevrdomaT: magram Cven teritoriuli saxel­
mwifo varT. am teritoriaze scxovroben qarTvelebs garda sxva ara
qarTvelebic, rusebi, somxebi, TaTrebi da sxvani, maT aq moupovebiaT
qoneba, daumyarebiaT erTgvari urTierToba ekonomiur, kulturuli
da sx. esenic bunebrivi mkvidrni arian saqarTvelosi. amitom Cven vaR­
iarebT, rom yofil ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomi ara qarTveli, vinc
unda iyos, romelic ganuwyvetliv scxovrobs saqarTvelos terito­
riaze ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mainc, 1914 wlis 19 ivlis­
amde, saqarTvelos moqalaqed cxaddeba, Tu sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ga­
moacxadebs, rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Cven, am SemTxvevaSi,
garda obieqtiur pirobebisa, garda imisa, rom sami weliwadi mainc
unda scxovrobdes saqarTvelos farglebSi vaZlevT saSualebas Tavi­
sufali survili gamoacxados am moqalaqeobisa.
erTi mxriT saWiroa, rom ukanasknli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi
mainc, 14 wlamde, omis gamocxadebamde scxovrobdes saqarTveloSi. es
aris obieqturi piroba.
meore mxriT, Tu es obiektiuri piroba Sesrulebulia, is gamoa­
cxadebs, rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. ai aseTi pirebi ra to­
misac unda iyvnen, aRiarebulni iqnebian saqarTvelos moqalaqeebaT.
maSasadame Cven am pirvel kanonis damatebiT or elements va­
qcevT am axal qveSevrdomobis farglebSi. am kanon-proeqts droebiTi
damatebiTi xasiaTi aqvs. qarTveli, romelic cxovrobs saqarTvelos
teritoriaze, da saqarTvelos gareT gamocxaddeba qveSevrdomaT.

295
ara qarTvelic, gamocxaddeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT, Tu is cxov­
robs sami wlis ganmavlobaSi omis gamocxadebamde da gamoacxadebs,
rom surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. am vadis Semdeg es kanoni uqmde­
ba, maSasadame Semdeg iwyoba normaluri wesi moqalaqeobis miRebisa
da moqalaqeobis dakargvisa. amiT Cven vaZlevT saSualebas im pirebs,
romelnic pirvel debulebis ZaliT ar Sedian Cven respublikis moqa­
laqeobis sferoSi, aseT pirebs unda mivceT saSvaleba, SesaZleblo­
ba, rom gaxdnen saqarTvelos moqalaqeni. meore muxli ai ase ikiTxeba
(kiTxulobs).
b) yofil ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomi yoveli ara qarTveli, ro­
melic ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze ukanask­
neli sami weli mainc, 1914 w. ivlisis 19-mde, ukeTu am kanonis ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganacxadebs, rom hsurs saqa­
rTvelos moqalaqeoba.
amas aqvs erTgvari formaluri SeniSvna, romelic aucilebelia.
es SeniSvna ambobs Semdegs. (kiTxulobs).

SeniSvna: gancxadeba da saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrebis


xangrZliobis dasamtkicebeli sabuTi waredgineba saTanado
saolqo sasamarTlos administratiul ganyofilebas, romelic
mTxovnels miscems moqalaqeobis uflebis mowmobas,
Tu igi akmayofilebs b) punqtSi aRniSnul moTxovnilebas.

es Tavis Tavad gasagebia da Seicavs imas, Tu rogor unda miiRos


moqalaqeoba gancxadebiTi wesiT. msurveli gamoucxadebs Tavis sur­
vils saolqo sasamarTlos saadministracio ganyofilebas, romelic
miscems mowmobas, rom is moqalaqea, Tu es moqalaqe Tavis TxovnaSi
aRniSnavs sworeT im pirobebs, romelnic kanon-proeqtis meore mux­
lSi aRniSnulia. am kanon-proeqtis, meore ganyofileba Seicavs saqa­
rTvelos respublikis moqalaqeobis dakargvis zogierT pirobas. ar
gamoudgebi yvela pirobebis aRniSnvas, radganac es damatebiTi aris,
amas aqvs droebiTi mniSvneloba. Cven vaRiarebT mxolod ramdenime
muxlSi, rom moqalaqe naturalizaciis wesiT hkargavs moqalaqeobas.
meore is, vinc ucxo moqalaqes misTxovdeba, _ kargavs am moqalaqeobas,
da piriqiT Tu ucxo qali Cven moqalaqes wamohyveba, Rebulobs Cvens
moqalaqeobas. amgvarad aris Sedgenili es damatebiTi kanon-proeqti.
sakonstitucio komisias TiTqmis mzaT aqvs, saerTod didi kanon-pro­
eqti, romelic savsebiT Seicavs moqalaqeobis mopovebas da dakargvas,
im saxiT, rogorc unda iyos konsituciaSi aRiSnuli, magram ar Semov­
itaneT ganzrax, imitom rom es droebiTi xasiaTis kanoni CamogveSore­
bia ZiriTad sakonstitucio kanonmdeblobisagan.
am kanon-proeqtSi, Cven ar vexebiT naturalizaciis wess, Svilo­
bas, qorwinobas da sx. es iqneba ZiriTad kanonebSi Setanili, ZiriTad
konsituciaSi. es kanoni ki aris damatebiTi, Sedgeba mxolod ori mux­

296
lidan, exeba qarTvelebs, romelnic aq cxovroben, magram miwerilni
ar arian, mere im elementebs, romelnic dakavSirebulni arian saxelm­
wifosTan ekonomiurad, kulturulad, magram imave mizeziT ar Sedi­
an moqalaqeebis ricxvSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s. r.) batonebo, qveSevrdomobis kanons, rogorc
mogexsenebaT, mWidro kavSiri aqvs damoukideblobis sakiTxTan.
damoukidebeli saxelmwifo valdebulia icodes, Tu vin aris misi
qveSevrdomi, misi moqalaqe, vis emyareba is Tavis moRvaweobaSi. ami­
tom qveSevrdomobis kanonis gamocema iyo aucilebeli da loRiku­
ri daskvna 26 maisis aqtisa. rogorc viciT Cveni damoukideblobis
gamocxadeba moxda gansakuTrebul istoriul pirobebSi, es iyo xana
saerTo damarcxebisa, arev-darevisa, da politikur gamourkvevlobi­
sa. 26 maisis aqti Cven miviReT, rogorc aqti moulodneli da TiTqmis
iZulebiTi. aseT pirobebSi kanonmdebels marTebda udidesi sifrTx­
ile da win daxedva. gardamaval xanaSi Cven unda gamogveqveynebina
iseTi kanoni, romelic xels Seuwyobda Cven damoukideblobas da ga­
fantavda im mtrul psixologiur atmosferas, romelic Seiqmna Cvens
garSemo. samwuxarodCvenda unda vaRiaroT, rom erovnul sabWos mier
miRebul kanonSi araviTari mgzavsi amisa ar iyo, unda vaRiaroT, rom
aramc Tu sargebloba ar moutana Cven respublikas, piriqiT pirdapir
unda vsTqvaT, rom am kanonma ziani mogvitana, man Tavisi calmxriobiT
erTgvari undobloba gamoiwvia sxva erebSi Cven demokratiisadmi; Tu
ramdenaT miuRebeli aris sxva erebisTvis es kanoni Cven SegviZlian
amis dasamtkiceblad migiTiToT erT ubralo faktze. Cven viciT,
rom somxis erSi yvelaze ufro Zlieri partia aris daSnakcutiunis
partia. avia Tu kargia, magram faqtia, rom am partiaSi Tavs iyris
yvelaze ufro aqtiuri, erovnulad darazmuli nawili somxis erisa.
warmoidgineT am partias saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi ar hyavs
Tavisi warmomadgeneli. amas imitom ki ar mogaxsenebT, TiTqos Zlier
gviyvardes daSnakcakanis partia, aramed Cven gvgonia es ara normalu­
ri mdgomareobaa da is xels ver Seuwyobs Cven damoukideblobis gamt­
kicebis saqmes. bolos da bolos TviT mTavrobam dainaxa rom am kanons
hqonda defeqtebi da gamosca ganmarteba, am ganmartebis ZaliT saqa­
rTvelos moqalaqeT iTvleba is, vinc iyo romelime administratiul
erTeulze miwerili mag. TavadaznaurTa, meSCanTa, an veqilTa korpo­
raciaSi iyo Cawerili. Cven gvgonia, rom es wesic misaRebi ar aris.
SeiZleba adamianma mTeli Tavis sicocxle saqarTveloSi gaatara, ra­
modenime 10 weliwadi icxovra saqarTveloSi, magram ar aris miweri­
li administratiul erTeulze. ratom unda wavarTvaT imas ufleba,
rom iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
garda amisa am damatebaSi aris naTqvami, magaliTad vinc aris veqi­
lis korporaciis siaSi Cawerili is aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. axla
aviRoT, magaliTad muSa, romelic ar aris veqilTa korporaciaSi

297
Cawerili, magram aris Cawerili romelime kavSirSi, is ar SeiZleba
iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe. me mgonia, es miuRebeli aris. samwuxarod
Cvenda aseTive defektebi etyoba am kanons. jer erTi aq sruliad ar
aris naTqvami ra pirobebSi xdeba saerTod Cveni naturalizacia, mar­
Talia momxsenebelma sTqva, rom kanons droebiTi xasiaTi aqvso, magram
ar vici es droebiTi ra aris, rodis gaTavdeba is. garda amisa sit­
yva droebiTi arafers ambobs, vinaidan yvelaferi droebiTi aris. miT
ufro ar SeiZleba es exla uyuradReboT davtovoT, rom exla swydeba
mTavari politikuri socialur-ekonomiuri sakiTxebi, romlebSiac
yvelam monawileoba unda miiRos. Semdeg, aq araferi ar aris naTqvami
Tu ra pirobebSi iqnebian Cveni ucxoelebi, eqnebaT Tu ara maT ufleba,
magaliTad, politikuri. marTalia Cven viciT magaliTad evropiuli
saxelmwifoebi ar swyaloben ucxoelebs, da politikur uflebebs ar
aniWeben, magram Cven gvgonia, rom es CvenTvis savaldebulo ar aris,
vinaidan evropis konstituciebi burJuaziam Seqmna, Cven kanonebs ki
qmnian socialistebi, garda amisa aq sruliad araferi ar aris naTq­
vami bavSvebis Sesaxeb, mcire wlovanTa Sesaxeb, rogor swydeba maTi
qveSevrdomobis sakiTxi CvenSi. sxva da sxva saxelmwifoSi sxva da sx­
vanairaT swydeba es sakiTxi, aris saxelmwifoebi, sadac aris egred
wodebuli ns soli. aq saxelmwifos Tavis qveSevrdomaT miaCnia bavSvi,
romelic mis teritoriazed daibada, amis Sesaxeb kanonSi araferi ar
aris gamorkveuli. garda amisa me unda mogaxsenoT formaluri mosaz­
rebiT, es sruliad miuRebeli kanoni aris, imitom rom am kanon-pro­
eqts aweria „damatebiTi kanon-proeqti“. ras niSnavs es? es niSnavs
imas, rom Tu damfuZnebeli kreba am kanons miiRebs, amiT eo ipso,
Cven viRebT im kanons, romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom. CvenTvis ki
es kanoni miuRebelia da Cven gvgonia Seuferebelia. damfuZnebelma
krebam miiRos kanonebi, ase vsTqvaT, zepiraT, es yovlad SeuZlebelia,
kanoni ar aris feletoni, rom misi gagrZeleba sxvagan veZioT. kanoni
unda iyos mTliani.
garda amisa aq sweria _ „moqalaqe yofil ruseTis imperiisa“. ra­
tom moqalaqe yofil ruseTisa? ratom ar SeiZleba yofil osmaleTi­
sa. miT ufro es saWiro ar aris, radgan ar viciT vis Sesaxeb mogvix­
deba sityva „yofili“ xmareba? Semdeg aris naTqvami, rom „moqalaqeT
iTvlebian ara marto qarTvelebi, aramed sxvebic, vinc sami wlis gan­
mavlobaSi scxovrobda saqarTveloSio“. amas batoni momxsenebeli
imiT asabuTebs, rom 1914 weliwadi aris saerTo data, mniSvnelovani
data, magram esec, rom iyos, yovel SemTxvevaSi, es imas ar amtkicebs,
rom vada kidev sami wlis ukan davswioT. maSin gamodis, rom CvenSi
naturalizaciisaTvis saWiroa exla rva weliwadi. SeuZlebeli aris
demokratiul saxelmwifoSi iTqvas, Tu ar scxovrob 8 weliwads ar
iqnebi moqalaqeo. aramc Tu CvenSi demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, TviT
TviTmpyrobelur ruseTSi 5 weliwadSi SeiZleboda naturalizacia,
Tu ki ruseTSi SeiZleboda 5 weli, CvenSi, mainc da mainc ratom aris

298
saWiro 8 weliwadi? Semdeg aq aris boloSi naTqvami, Tu vin kargavs
qveSevrdomobas CvenSi. aq naTqvamia „vinc ucxo saxelmwifos moqa­
laqes misTxovdebao“ Cven gvgonia, rom esec miuRebeli aris, imitom,
rom rogorc sCans kanonmdebels qali miaCnia kuTvnilebad mamaka­
cisa, CvenTvis, socialistebisTvis es muxli miuRebelia. Cven gvwams
qalTa Tanasworoba. es muxli pirdapir amoRebulia ruseTis ZiriT­
ad kanonebis me-9 tomidan. vsTqvaT aseTi SemTxveva, qali rom gaTxo­
vdeba mas Semdeg is iRebs qveSevrdomobas am saxelmwifosi, romlis
qveSevrdomic aris qmari. vsTqvaT, rom qmari mokvda, rogoria am
qvrivis mdgomareoba, Zveli qveSevrdomoba daubrundeba Tu ara? go­
landiaSi, safrangeTSi magaliTad Tu qvrivi dabrunda samSobloSi,
is Zvel qveSevrdomobas Rebulobs, garda amisa, magaliTad, vsTqvaT
qali misTxovda ucxoels, miiRo misi qveSevrdomoba. rogor pirobeb­
Si Cavardeba es qali, miiRebs meore qveSevrdomobas Tu ara. esec
gamourkveveli aris. amnairad Cven vxedavT, rom arc erTi muxli ar
aris, rom ar iwvevdes davas da misaRebi iyos, da amitom Cveni fraqcia
am kanons winaaRmdeg miscems xmas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe. me unda ganvimeoro. Cemi azri naturalizaciis,
da sazogadoT Cveulebriv moqalaqeobis miRebis da dakargvis Sesax­
eb. kanon-proeqti calke aris. me amas ar vexebodi, batonma Sengelaiam
mTeli kritika gaukeTa amas. ar Semogvitania naturalizaciis kanoni.
is calke mzaddeba ucxoelebze, bavSvebze, da iq iqneba laparaki. gamo­
dis, rom Tqven akritikebT imas, razedac aq aravin ar laparakobda. es
aris sruli uZlureba opoziciis kritikisa.
pirvelma kanonma ziani mogvitanao, ar vici vis moutana ziani?
fCxilebSi „memarcxeneebs“? Cvens respublikas ro ar moutana ziani,
es iqidan sCans b. Sengelaia, rom Cvenc da Tqvenc aqa vsxedvarT. Tqveni
politika, rom migveRo, Cven cecxlis alSi viqnebodiT. Tqven vin icis
sad iqnebodiT, damfuZnebeli krebac ar iqneboda.
frazaa, viTom burJuazias ebrZviT, b. Sengelaia, politikur uf­
lebebs ucxoelebi moklebulni arian yvelgan, maT Turme Cven unda mi­
vceT es uflebani radganac socialistebi qmnian kanons. aris egred
wodebuli demokratiuli respublikebi, da burJuaziuli respublike­
bi. yvelgan sadac gnebavT, aris umTavresi saxelmwifoebrivi Tvalsaz­
risi. saxelmwifoebrivi Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba iyos demokratiuli,
SeiZleba burJuaziuli. Cven SegviZlian saqarTvelo warmovidginoT
rogorc reaqcioneruli saxelmwifo. SeiZleba mefe, an aristokratia
meTaurobdes saxelmwifos. an aviRoT demokratiuli saqarTvelo ro­
gorc dRes aris. demokratiul saqarTvelosTvis savaldebuloa yve­
la ucxoels mivceT ufleba? Cven mogaxsenebT aSkaraT, vinc unda iyos
ucxoeli, socialisti Tu ara socialisti Cvens respublikaSi, ar mie­
cemaT politikuri-uflebebi. es iqneboda daRupva im saxelmwifosi,
romelic sisxliT da ofliT iqmneba.

299
naturalizaciaze ar vlaparakob, arc bavSvebis uflebaze. Cven
gansazRvruli mizani gvqonda. es aris kanon-proeqti damatebiTi,
droebiTi.
rac Seexeba imas, rom pirveli erovnul sabWos mier miRebuli
debuleba, TiTqos ar iyos miRebuli damfuZnebel krebis mier, es Sec­
domaa. ar vici, damfuZnebeli kreba ra azrisa aris, magram aSkaraa,
rodesac damfuZnebelma krebam 12 marts aSkarad saqveynoT aRiara,
damoukideblobis aqti, miT coipso daakanona parlamentis kanonmde­
bloba. yvela gamocxadebuli kanoni kanonobs damfuZnebel krebisT­
visac. (Sengelaia adgilidan: iuridiuli absurdia.) es aris namdvili
iuridiuli siswore. (Sengelaia: absurdi) sxvanairad gageba SeuZle­
belia, sxvanairad SeiZleba gaigos iseT kacebma, romelic azrovnobs
ara saxelmwifoebrivad.
kanonma ziani moutana zogierT partiebso, es marTalia. magram Tu
daSnakelebi aq ar Semovidnen ara imitom, rom kanoni iyos damnaSave,
_ aramed imitom, rom daSnakelebma albaT, dakarges ndoba im sazoga­
doebaSi, im xalxSi, romelSiac moqmedebden. mgonia, rom daSnakelebi
damarcxdnen ara Cveni kanonis siglaxiT, aramed Tavis politikis sim­
rudiT. rac Seexeba imas, rom kanonis gareSe darCa zogierTi elemen­
tebi, es marTalia. bevri kategoria aris, romelic ar aris miwerili.
ai am miuwerilobisTvis aris SemuSavebuli damatebiTi kanon-pro­
eqti. rac Seexeba mTlian kanon-proeqts, es kanon-proeqti, rogorc
mogaxseneT, aris komisiaSi da warmosdgeba calke.
Tu ratom vixmareT „yofili ruseTi“, da ara „yofili osmaleTi“,
es mitom, rom yofil ruseTis nawili viyaviT Cven. iyo es Cveni survi­
li Tu ara, Cven viyaviT, volens-nolens ruseTis nawili, da gamoveyaviT
ruseTs. maSasadame yofil ruseTze aris laparaki. ruseTis sxva da
sxva nawilebi TviT gamorkvevis principze dganan. amitom, vlapara­
kob yofil ruseTze, da ara yofil osmaleTze, romelTanac saqme ar
gvqonia. vadis Sesaxeb b. Sengelaia 5 weliwadi kmarao. 5 weli, rom
icxovros ucxoelma da Sedeg ganacxados, es ar kmara mravali konsti­
tuciis ZaliT. saWiroa gancxadebis Semdeg icxovros xuTi weliwadi.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu CvenSi ra iqneba, _ im kanoniT, romelsac Semoi­
tans sakonstitucio komisia naturalizaciis Sesaxeb, moqalaqeobis
misaRebaT ramdenime xani iqneba saWiro, SeiZleba vada 5 weliwadic
ar iqmnes. oriode sityva qalis uflebebze. aq didi gaugebrobaa.
qali moqalaqe Tu gaTxovda, is kargavs Cvens moqalaqeobas. Tu igi
daqvrivda an ganqorwinda, man SeiZleba aRadginos Cveni moqalaqeo­
ba. Cven sworeT ese gvaqvs SemuSavebuli, rom qali rodesac daqor­
windeba, an daqvrivdeba igi aRadgens moqalaqeobas, magram amaze aq
ar iyo laparaki, es calke sakiTxia. reziume: kritikuli SeniSvna
sruliad ar Seefereba sinamdviles, ar exeba sagans; naturalizacias
ar SevxebivarT. araviTari ziani pirvel kanons respublikisaTvis ar
moutania. moutana ziani im elementebs, romlebic Cveni moqalaqeebi

300
ar arian, da arc unda iyvnen, Tu ar gindaT, rom Cveni respublikis
weswyobileba daemxos, da an daemgzavsoT memarjvene respublikebs
da egredwodebul im „memarcxene“ respublikebs, rogoric aris mag­
aliTad, ruseTi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis grigol giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe: (s. d.) me mgonia, rom is principialuri Sexedu­
loba, romelic aq warmosTqva damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma Sengelaiam
aris namdvilad calmxrivi, maSin rodesac is Cven gvikiJinebs, rom Cve­
ni Sexeduloba aris calmxrivio. „karg mTqmels kargi gamgoni unda“-o
ai swored amaze aris naTqvami.
warmodgenili kanon-proeqti aris agebuli or principze. rode­
sac Cven vkanonmdeblobT, erTmxriv unda gvqondes saxeSi pirovneba da
misi uflebebi, rom misi uflebebi daCagruli ar iyos; meore mxriT,
rodesac Cven vqmniT saxelmwifos, romelic iZulebiTi organizaciaa,
unda gvqondes mxedvelobaSi saxelmwifos interesebi (Sengelaia: „es
antagonizmia.) ai exla Tqven brZaneT antagonizmze, Tqven sityvaSi
ki brZaneT calmxriobaze, maSasadame Tqven SeniSvniT ukan daixieT,
da cota Tu CaukvirdebiT, maSin kanon-proeqts gaigebT. samwuxaroT,
an SeiZleba bevri ifiqroT romelime kanonze da sruliad ver gaig­
oT, an da ar gsurT gaigoT is principi, romelzedac aris agebuli
kanon-proeqti. amis Semdeg me ar mikvirs, rom zogierTebma ar gaigo,
an ver gaigo Cveni kanonmdeblobiTi xazi. rodesac vinme JinianobiT
aris moculi, ver gaigebs imasac, rac namdvilad saRi aris.
ai ase daemarTa im Cven mowinaaRmdegeebs, romlebmac gangaSi astex­
es Cvengan gamocemul kanonis Sesaxeb. ase daemarTeba xolme yvela im
Cven mowinaaRmdegeebs, romelic JinianobiT aris moculi. me isev saqmes
daubrundebi da vityvi, rom kanon-proeqti aris or saR principze age­
buli: saxelmwifoebriv da individualur intereseze, da aseTi kanon­
mdebloba, aseTi muSaoba aris namdvili saRi. da Tu Cven ese davayeneT
sakiTxi, rom am patara Cven saxelmwifoSi vinc unda SemoiWras, vinc ga­
mogvicxadebs „me msurs Tqveni moqalaqeoba“, yvela upiroboT gavxadoT
Cven moqalaqeT, da amgvarad yvelas gauRebT karebs _ es SeuZlebelia.
am SemTxvevaSi Tqven daicavT romelime pirovnebis interess, (xma: so­
cialisturi principi) magram ar daicavT saxelmwifoebriv princips
(xma: teritoriis interesi?) es aris saxelmwifoebrivi interesi. meore
mxriv ar unda iyos pirovnebis ufleba ukugdebuli, arc daCagruli.
maSasadame, am or principze unda iyos agebuli Cveni kanonmde­
bloba, da es kanon-proeqti am or principze aris agebuli. Cven viRebT
obieqtur pirobebs da vambobT, vinc winad cxovrobda ama Tu im xnis
ganmavlobaSi mas aqvs ufleba, rom miiRos moqalaqeoba Cven respub­
likaSi, Tu amas isini gamoacxadeben gansazRvrul vadaSi. me mgonia,
iseTi principiT unda vixelmZRvanelod Cven, rodesac saxelmwifos
vaSenebT da mas niadags umagrebT. visac ki hsurs, rom ar aaSenos
saxelmwifo, visac surs, rom am saxelmwifos Ziri gamouTxaros, is

301
adgia ara saxelmwifoebriv princips, aramed namdvils individual­
ur princips, romelic aris ara saxelmwifoebrivi, aramed anarqiuli
principi. amitom es kanon-proeqti mTeli Tavisi SinaarsiT, mTeli
Tavisi principebiT aris misaRebi (Sengelaia: uprincipoa). magram
meore mxriv aris Semdegi. momxsenebelis sityvebidan gamoirkva, rom
sakonstitucio komisia yvela ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelnic
moqalaqeobriv sakiTxis farglebSi ibadebian, kanon-proeqts ukve
imuSavebs, meore mxriv es kanon-proeqti aris damatebiTi; da ai im­
itom, rom Cven gvqondes sruli sakanonmdeblo aqti, sadac yvela is
sakiTxebi, romelic ibadeba moqalaqeobriobis garSemo garkveuli da
erTxel da samudamod gadaWrili iyos namdvilaT im principis mixed­
viT, romelnic gatarebulia am kanon-proeqtSi, da meore mxriv, rom
sabolood daedvas sazRvari im gangaSs, romelic am sakiTxis garSe­
mo arsebobs, sasurvelia, rom Semotanili kanonproeqti daubrundes
isev sakonstitucio komisias im mizniT, rom sul axlo momavalSi, erT
kviraSi, an aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi, es ZiriTadi kanonproeqti, sadac
yvela es sakiTxebi saTanadoT gaSuqebuli, gadaWrili aris, Semoita­
nos damfuZnebel krebaSi. manam ki mdgomareoba darCeba iseTive, ro­
goric aris. Cven gvaqvs Zveli kanonebi miRebuli parlamentis mier,
miT vixelmZRvanelod; am xnis ganmavlobaSi ki Semovides ZiriTadi
kanon-proeqti moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, romelsac an miiRebs damfuZnebe­
li kreba an uaryofs. (Sengelaia: Tu kargia, miiReT)
Tavmjdomare: maSasadame, winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili. am
winadadebis Sesaxeb hsurs visme Tu ara sityva? msurveli aravin aris.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe. (momxsenebeli) rogorc mogaxseneT es ZiriTadi
debuleba uryevelia, rom gadavcdeT amas, unda avcdeT saxelmwifos
aRmSenebelobas da davadgeT anarqiis gzas.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, isic marTalia, rom sakonstitucio komi­
siaSi gaxlavT SemuSavebuli kanon-proeqti saerTo moqalaqeobis da­
kargvisa da mopovebisa.
cxadia, Tu damfuZnebeli kreba moisurvebs, Tu mas hsurs es, Cveni
sakonstitucio komisia winaaRmdegi ar iqneba, rom SevaerToT isini
erTad da erTad warmoudginoT damfuZnebel krebas axlo momavalSi.
amis winaaRmdeg Cven ar varT.
Tavmjdomare: maSasadame, kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdeg rom
warmodgenili kanonproeqti daubrundes sakonstitucio komisias?
winaaRmdegi aravin aris, maSasadame, kanonproeqti daubrundeba sa­
konstitucio komisias.

302
xelovnebis komisiisaTvis 100000 m. gadacemis proeqti.

Tavmjdomare: Semdegi kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis mom­


xsenebels pavle sayvareliZes.
pavle sayvareliZe. (momxs.) batonebo, rogorc mogexsenebaT, male
Sesruldeba erTi weliwadi, rac gamocxadda saqarTvelos damou­
kidebloba.
xalxis istoriaSi da saxelmwifos ganviTarebis istoriaSi aseT
datas, aseT wlis Tavis dasrulebas aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba. ami­
tom xelovnebis komisia, romelic arsebobs damfuZnebel krebasTan,
winadadebas iZleva, rom es dResaswauli iqnas Catarebuli rac Sei­
Zleba kargaT, rac SeiZleba brwyinvaleT. motivebis moyvana zedme­
tia. raT unda vidResaswauloT, es cxadia. cxadia, es dResaswauli
Tavis Tavad Catardeba.
magram Cven gvinda, rom es iyos mwyobrad Catarebuli rogorc aq,
tfilisSi, ise mTel saqarTveloSi, provinciaSi. xelovnebis komi­
siaSi ukve muSaobs ramdenime seqcia, romlebSiac mowveuli arian
saukeTeso Zalebi, rogorc musikalur ise sxva dargebidan. es aris
saxelmwifoebrivi dResaswauli, es dResaswauli iqneba amieridan
mTeli erisa mTeli demokratiisa. da amas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda mieqces, da Cven amas marTla gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vaqcevT.
xelovnebis komisia muSaobs am komisiis angariSiT ukanaskneli xarji
unda gaiRos saxelmwifom. Cven ar vfiqrobT, rom Cven saxelmwifom an
damfuZnebel krebam Tavs ido mTeli xarjis gaweva. es arc iqneba, da
arc aris saWiro. es unda iyos xalxosnuri dResaswauli, imaSi unda
miiRos monawileoba aqac, provinciaSic xalxma, demokratiam, rome­
lic afasebs am dRes, rogorc namdvil demokratiul dResaswauls.
demokratia sofelSi, provinciaSi, daba qalaqebSi miiRebs monawil­
eobas, agreTve miiRebs monawileobas Cveni axalgazda municipaluri
da saerobo dawesebulebani. Cven mxoloT gauZRvebiT dResaswauls,
vaZlevT erTgvar tons, erTgvar mimarTulebas, vxelmZRvanelobT
ideurad. amisTvis mcire odeni xarji aris saWiro. es gamorkveulia
minimumad 100000 man. dResaswaulis programa cxadia dawvrilebiT
aq ar iqneba warmodgenili; igi Sesdgeba sxva da sxva programis Ses­
rulebisagan; iqneba musikaluri programma, Teatri, sagimnasto pro­
gramma, iqneba msvleloba revoliuciur-demokratiul da erovnul
momentebis aRniSvniT da sxva da sxva.
am gvarad Cvenis azriT es dResaswauli unda iyos kargaT Catare­
buli, amisTvis saWiro aris Tanxa. es Tanxa unda gadaeces xelovnebis
komisias, romelic saero xelmZRvanelobas uwevs dResaswauls ro­
gorc tfilisSi, ise provinciaSi. unda icodeT, rom am dResas­
waulis texnikuraT Camatarebeli, qalaq tfilisis aris agreTve
tfilisis TviTmarTveloba, romelic miiRebs Tavis mxriv zomebs.
TviTmar­TvelobasTan Cven gvqonda molaparakeba. misi warmomadgene­

303
li iyo Cven komisiaSi da ai Cven komisiasTan erTad imuSavebs gegmas,
rom dResaswauli Catardes rigianad.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis leo naTaZes.
leo naTaZe (s. d.) Cveni fraqcia mxars uWers am kanonproeqts
savsebiT, magram radganac es asi aTasi maneTis gadadeba Seexeba safi­
nanso komisias, da radganac safinanso komisias jer Tavisi azri amis
Sesaxeb ar gamouTqvams, Cven saWirod vcnobT gadavceT safinanso
komisias, romelic Tavis azrs warmoadgens am asi aTas maneTis Tanxis
gadadebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris momxre rom komisiis dadgenileba gadaeces
safinanso-sabiujeto komisias? miRebulia erTxmad.
dRiuri wesrigSi araviTari sakiTxi aRar aris.
sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs gancxadebisTvis.

samxedro ministris gancxadeba.

noe ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! aprilis


Sua ricxvebidan mokidebuli Cven vawarmovebT samxedro operaciebs
or mimarTulebiT: soWis da artaanis mxriT.
am samxedro operaciebis mizani iyo ara axal kuTxeebis dapyroba,
aramed strategiuli poziciebis daWera. artaanis mimarTulebiT mow­
inaaRmdege, romelic damarcxda axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazraSi,
Seecada axal brboebis SeerTebas da am brboebiT lamobda Semosevas,
amis sawinaaRmdegoT jaris sardloba iZulebuli iyo gadaedga erTi
gabeduli nabiji, rom samudamoT am mxriv, Cveni mdgomareoba uzrunve­
lyofili darCeniliyo. da ai 16 aprils pirveli da meore diviziis naw­
ilma da orma samTo bataream gen. arTmelaZis meTaurobiT, metis metaT
mZime pirobebSi gadalaxa xanioris uReltexili da dabanakda Semdeg
soflebSi: seidis, Ziranura, zemo da qvemo giundaSsa da tamalSi 8 da
19 aprils Cvenma jarma ukuaqcia mowinaaRmdege, romelic bolos da bo­
los samxreT mdebare maRlobze gamagrda. 20 aprilis Cveni jaris Sete­
va am maRlobze imdenad Zlieri aRmoCnda, rom mterma ver SesZlo arta­
anSi gaCereba da mdinares marjvena napirze daixia. ukan daxevisas man
moindoma xidis dawva. magram artileriam igi ukuaqcia da es xidi srul
dawvisagan gadaarCina. xidi swraf SekeTebuli iqmna da Cveni jari mt­
kvris meore napiras gadavida. mowinaaRmdegem, romelTac senver-begi
aTabegovi da jamal-begi ximSievi meTaurobdnen, daikava mtkvris mar­
jvena napiras mdebare artaanis simagreebi, magram Cven ficxel Setevas
veRar gauZlo da ukan ukan daixia olTis da yarsis mimarTulebiT. am
operaciis dros Cven xelT vigdeT mtrisgan datovebuli erTi zarbaza­
ni 18 yuTi yumbara, xolo TviT cixe artaanSi 4 sacixovno gaubica.
Semdeg damatebiTi cnobebiT artaanis sawyobebSi aRmoCnda 33
zarbazani, didZali tyviis yumbarebi, Tiva da xorbali. Cveni danak­

304
lisi Semdegi aris: mogvikles ori jaris kaci, davkargeT oTxi cxeni,
mxolod daWrili aris 19. mtris zarali metis metad sagrZnobi aris.
21 aprilidan mokidebuli generalma arTmelaZem win waswia mow­
inave samxedro razmebi olTis da yarsis mimarTulebiT. Cven sruli
imedi gvaqvs, rom is adgilebi, romelic Cven davikaveT savsebiT uz­
runvel gvyofs Cven strategiulad, winsvlas arc sardloba da arc
mTavroba ar hfiqrobs am Jamad.
am Jamad mTeli axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebi sadac aqa iq Tavi
iCines brboebma, savsebiT maTgan gawmendilia.
rac Seexeba soWis olqs, Tqven gazeTebidan iciT, rom Seteva deni­
kinis winaaRmdeg daiwyo 17 aprils dilis 4 saaTze. saxalxo gvardiis
cxenosanTa divizionma RamiT gadalaxa mdinare bzibi, rogorc mogex­
senebaT, araviTari konfliqts im piketebTan, romelic iq ingliselebs
hyavT, adgili ar hqonia. mdinaris gadalaxvis dros daixrCo erTi mxe­
dari da davkargeT sami cxeni. marjvena frTam daikava „otradnoe“
xolo marcxenam yofil didmTavris agaraki „kolxida“ sadac tyved
igdes 4 oficeri da 2 jaris-kaci.
mtris artileriam divizions srola autexa, magram divizionma
artilerias Semouara da tyved igdo. naSuadRevis or saaTze Cvenma
jarma daikava gagra da 6 versi win waiwia. orive mxriv Semovlili
mteri gaiqca: mogvikles 2 gvardieli da dagviWres 3. Cven tyved vig­
deT 88 oficeri da 150 jaris-kaci, maT daakldaT 87 kaci. ukan daxevis
dros moxaliseebma dastoves lazareTi, sadac aRmoCnda 25 avadmyofi
oficeri da 360 jaris-kaci.
18 aprils 9 saaTze gvardiam daikava md. maxadiris xazi. damarcx­
ebulma mterma, romelsac mcxovreblebma srola autexes, daixia mdin­
are bzibamdis.
im cnobebis Tanaxmad, romelic Cven miviReT mteri Tavs iyris ad­
lerTan. orive operacia mTavrobis azriT Cven strategiul mdgo­
mareobas uzrunvelhyofs. arc erT mimarTulebiT, rogorc Tavidan
mogaxseneT, Cven miznaT ar gvqonda axal raionebis dapyroba, aramed
vikavebT strategiul adgilebs da es mizani savsebiT mixweulia. Cven
vfiqrobT Tu Cveni mowinaaRmdegeni ar moindomeben gadasdgan raime
avantiuristiuli nabiji operacia savsebiT damTavrebuli aris da
Cven gveqneba saSualeba im nawilebiT, romelic iq aris, SemdegSiac
davicvaT Cveni sazRvrebi. (taSi)
Tavmjdomare: vis hsurs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mes­
xiSvils.
mesxiSvili (s. f.) moqalaqeno, is winadadeba, romelic me msurs
Semovitano dasabuTebas ar saWiroebs.
sruliad aSkara aris, ramdeni Rvawli miuZRvis Cven jars da sax­
alxo gvardias Cven saxelmwifos winaSe. amitom winadadeba Semomaqvs
damfuZnebel krebis saxeliT mivesalmoT reguliarul jars da sax­
alxo gvardias, rogorc erTs, ise meore frontze.

305
Tavmjdomare: ukacraod! unda mogaxsenoT, rom aseTi winadadeba
winaT iyo Semotanili. me ar vicodi Tu am winadadebis Semotana hsur­
da krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.
werilobiT aseTi winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili social-­demok­ra­
tebis mier. rogorc sCans ori winadadeba da erTi igive Sinaarsisa aris.
mdivani: (kiTxulobs) moismina ra mTavrobis gancxadeba samxedro
moqmedebis Sesaxeb, damfuZnebeli kreba salams uZRvnis Cvens jars da
gvardias Tavis movaleobis pirnaTlad SesrulebisaTvis respubliki­
sa da demokratiis winaSe da gadadis morig sakiTxebze.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi am winadadebis? aravin. erTx­
maT aris miRebuli (taSi).
sxva sakiTxebi dRiur wesrigSi aRar gaxlavT da amitom vxurav sx­
domas.
ukacravad, gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi gancxadeba:
mdivani: (kiTxulobs

soc-demokratiul fraqciis gancxadeba:

social-demokratiul fraqcia xelovnebis seqciaSi noe cincaZis


magier asaxelebs daviT SaraSiZes.
Tavmjdomare: kreba daxuruli gaxlavT.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 2 saaTsa da 40 wuTze.

306
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

mecamete sxdoma

1919 weli. maisis 6. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
simon mdivani,
kon. jafariZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba krebis wevrTa rafiel


CixlaZis da Tavaz gvaramaZis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT.


moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
sanam dRiur wesrigs mogaxsenebdeT da muSaobas SeudgebodeT,
neba momeciT, mogaxsenoT Semdegi samwuxaro cnoba:
27 aprils gardaicvala damfuZnebel krebis wevri rafiel CixlaZe,
romelic 4 maiss saflavs miabares.
ara mgonia saqarTveloSi moipovebodes iseTi vinme, visac ki uy­
vars qarTveli xalxi, visac guli stkiva Cven respublikis bednierebi­
sTvis, rom rafiel CixlaZis saxeli ar gaegonos.
xalxis Svili, xalxis Rarib ojaxidan gamosuli mTel 20-25 wlis
ganmavlobaSi mxolod xalxisTvis ibrZoda, mxolod xalxis bedniere­
ba iyo misi satfrialo idea. mas jer kidev bevri ramis gakeTeba SeeZ­
lo. misi momzadeba, misi dauSreteli energia, Tavdadebuli muSao­

307
bis unari, imis Tavmdebi iyo, rom mas kidev SeeZlo didi sargebloba
moetana saqarTvelos demokratiisTvis, saqarTvelos demokratiul
respublikisTvis. mas ar dascalda, _ uwyalo sikvdilma xelidan ga­
moacala damoukidebel saqarTvelos misi dauRalavi moamage da fxi­
zeli daraji.
erTad-erTi, rac anugeSebs rogorc mis daoblebul ojaxs da
mcire-wlovan Svilebs da agreTve saqarTvelos demokratias, aris is,
rom Tavis Tavdadebuli Tav-ganwiruli muSaobiT wauSleli xsovna
dastova saqarTvelos xalxis gulSi. saxeli da dideba mas! saukuno
xseneba gansvenebuls.
neba momeciT, moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis saxeliT samZimari
gadavce mis daoblebul ojaxs, da Tqven gTxovT fexze adgomiT pa­
tivi sceT. (damfuZnebel krebis wevrni fexze adgomiT pativs scemen
gansvenebulis xsovnas).
meore samwuxaro ambavic unda mogaxsenoT:
am erTi kviris winaT gardaicvala agreTve damfuZnebel krebis
wevri osman Savyi gvaramaZe.
marTalia, damfuZnebeli kreba imas jer ar icnobda imitom, rom
mas saSualeba ar hqonda mosuliyo saqarTvelos deda qalaqSi da mis
kanonmdebel organoSi muSaoba daewyo, magram CvenTvis didi danak­
lisi aris misi gardacvaleba, uaRresad imitom, rom b. gvaramaZe gax­
ldaT amorCeuli da warmomadgeneli im kuTxisa, sadac ai, amdeni xani
iRvreba sisxli Tavganwirul mebrZolTa saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobisa da mis gaerTianebisTvis.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. gvaramaZis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos gaer­
Tianebis saqmeSi, misi moRvaweoba axalcixis mazraSi metadre glex­
kacebisTvis imis axsnis da ganmartebis saqmeSi, rom maT saqarTvelos
gareSe cxovreba ar SeuZlianT da arc unda isurvon, yvelaferi es
Cven gvaZlevs sabuTs vifiqroT, rom gvaramaZis dakargviT damfuZneb­
el krebas da saqristiano da samuslimano saqarTvelos gaerTianebis
saqmes didi danaklisi mouvida.
gTxovT, moqalaqeno, pativi sceT fexze adgomiT. (deputatebi fex­
ze dgebian). exla, batonebo, mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

depeSebi focxovidan da borCalos mazridan.

mdivani. kiTxulobs: 1) focxovis raionis yvela soflebis warmo­


madgenelTa yrilobis depeSas, Semdgom 2) rusulad borCalos mazris
loris raionis eqvsi soflis rwmunebulTa Txovnas loris saqarTve­
los respublikis farglebSi datovebis Sesaxeb.

308
komisiebSi gadasacem kanonproeqtTa sia.
1. samxedro ministris kanonproeqti ojaxur mdgomareobiT jar­
Si ganTavisuflebisa.
gadaeces samxedro komisias.
2. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti
sasinjao sammarTvelosi.
gadaeces safinanso sabiujeto komisias.
3. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti.
sawon-sazomTa palatisa.
gadaeces safinanso sabiujeto komisiaT.
4. gzaTa ministris kanonproeqti saxazino rkinis gzebiT mosam­
saxuresaTvis jamagiris momatebisa.
gadaeces gzaTa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisias,
5. finansTa ministris proeqti dekretisa saqarTvelos parla­
mentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis (saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesa­
naxad kreditis gaxsnisa) gangrZnobis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces sabiujeto safinanso komisiis.
6. mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris kanon-proeqti uZrav qonebaTa iZu­
lebiTi wamorTmevisa, droebiTi dakavebisa da nawilobrivi sargeb­
lobis saxelmwifo, an sazogado saWiroebisaTvis.
gadaeces agrarul da iuridiul komisiaT.
7. samxedro ministris mier warmodgenili droebiTi wesebi daxo­
cil an muSaobis unar dakargul samxedro pirTa saxalxo gvardielTa
da moxaliseTa da maTi ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces samxedro komisias.
8. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti epidemiasTan brZola­
Si daRupul da Sromis unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa ojaxebis dax­
marebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces janmrTelobisa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
9. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti sakaTedro taZrebi­
sa da sakaTolikozo dawesebulebaTa SenaxvisaTvis 1918 wels gaweul
xarjebis dasafaravad 1.504.820 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces sabiujeto safinanso komisias.
10. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti 1915-1917 w.w. saero­
bo xarjTaRricxvis gagrZelebisa 1919 wlisTvisac.
gadaeces adgilobriv mmarTvelobis, TviTmmarTvelobis da sabiu­
jeto-safinanso komisiaT.
11. Sromis ministris kanon-proeqti Sromis xelSekrulobis Se­
saxeb.
gadaeces Sromisa da iuridiul komisiaT.
mdivani: exla mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

309
dRiuri wesrigi.

1. proeqti dadgenilobisa damfuZnebeli krebis xelovnebis komi­


siisaTvis 100,000 man. gadacemis Sesaxeb.
2. proeqti dekretisa damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa imunitetis
(Seuvalobisa).
3. kanonproeqti xazinis gasaZliereblaT zogierTi zomebis Se­
saxeb.
4. erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba sagareo saqmeTa
komisiis arCevis Sesaxeb.
5. social-revoliucionerTa fraqciis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri­
sadmi SekiTxva quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosis adeiS­
vilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
6. saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCeva.
7. SekiTxva erovn.-demokr. fraqciis mTavrobisadmi. sasamarTlo
palatis Tavmjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb.
8. SekiTxva erovn.-demokr. fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi Zegvis xidis
amfeTqebelTaTvis sikvdiliT dasjis 12 wlis katorRiT Secvlis Se­
saxeb.
9. SekiTxva erovn.-demokr. fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi Zegvis xidis
amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa sasjelisagan sruliad ganTavisuflebis Se­
saxeb.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba sxdomebis dReebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. exla cnobad unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi. reglamentis


ZaliT damfuZnebel krebis sxdomis dRes da saaTs awesebs damfuZnebe­
li krebis prezidiumi.
prezidiumis gadawyvetilebiT es dReebi unda iyos: samSabaTi da
paraskevi: dasawyisi sruli 12 saaTze da dasasruli 3 s.
amas mogaxsenebT cnobad.
exla dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb Txoulobs sityvas krebis wevri nu­
cubiZe.

msjeloba dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb.

ilia nucubiZe. (s. r.) Cven fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba: SekiTxva


quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosis b. adeiSvilis ukano­
no moqmedebis Sesaxeb ganixiloT pirvelad.
es SekiTxva saswrafo aris. Semotanilia 30 prils da dRes 6 mai­
sia, didaT dagvianebuli aris, da amasTan kidev am sakiTxis garSemo
presaSi bevri ram daiwera.
xalxic ase Tu ise dainteresebulia am sakiTxze mTavrobisagan
oficialur pasuxis miRebaSi.

310
amitom Cvenis azriT, saWiro aris es sakiTxi ganixiloT pirve­
lad, Torem Tu bolos moeqca, dRes mis ganxilvas ver movaswrobT da
paraskevisTvis ki metad dagvianebuli iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) arsebiTad araferi gveqneba sawinaaRmdego,
rom SekiTxva pirvelad iqnas ganxiluli, magram reglamentiT Cven gva­
qs miRebuli, rom SekiTxva dRiur wesrigis bolos irCeva. exla rom
SevcvaloT es wesrigi Zalian Sors wagviyvans.
sjobian, rom darCes Zveli wesi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom SekiTxva pirvel rigSi dais­
vas? winadadeba uaryofilia. maSasadame krebas surs dRiuri wesrigi
daamtkicos ise, rogorc prezidiumma warmoadgina.
pirveli sakiTxi: xelovnebis komisiisaTvis 100,000 maneTis gada­
cemis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, romelic pirvelia wes­
rigSi, pavle sayvareliZes. (xma: ar aris!) sityva ekuTvnis meore momx­
senebels: geronti qiqoZes.

proeqti dadgenilobisa damfuZnebel krebis


xelovnebis komis. 100,000 m. gadacemis Sesaxeb.

geronti qiqoZe. (e. d.) batonebo, am dadgenilebis Sesaxeb dam­


fuZnebel krebas moaxsena kidec ukanasknel sxdomaze xelovnebis komi­
siis warmomadgenelma. maSin damfuZnebel krebam azri gamosTqva ga­
dasces finansiur komisias Tavis mosazrebis warmosadgenad.
safinanso komisiam ganixila es dadgenileba da Tavis mxriv sawi­
naaRmdego ara aqvs ra imisa, rom xelovnebis komisias gadaeces 100,000
maneTi erovnul dResaswaulis mosawyobad 26 maiss, saqarTvelos da­
moukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes.
mxolod radganac Tanxa gansazRvrulia, is azri gamosTqva fi­
nansiurma komisiam, rom umTavresad es Tanxa moxmardes centrs da Tu
SesaZlebeli iqneba xelovnebis komisiis warmomadgenelni gaigzavnon
provinciaSi rom ideuri xelmZRvaneloba gauwion. umTavresad ki
es gansazRvruli Tanxa moxmardes saqarTvelos politikur centrs,
deda qalaqs. Tu nebas momcemT wavikiTxav dadgenilebas.
(momxmarebeli cal-calke kiTxulobs proeqtis pirvelsa da meore
muxls.
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad iRebs ucvlelad proeqtis orive
muxls. Tavmjdomaris SekiTxvaze aravin aris winaaRmdegi saerTod
proeqtis miRebisa. proeqti gadaeca saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. Semdeg sakiTxi.
debuleba damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa immunitetis _ xelSeuvalo­
bisa. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels raJden arseniZes.

311
proeqti dekretis damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa immunitetisa
(Seuvalobisa).

raJden arseniZe (s. d.) moqalaqno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!


arsebiTad is sakiTxi, romelic Tqvens winaSe aris dasmuli, im­
munitetis sakiTxi ar unda iwvevdes did kamaTs da uTanxmoebas. say­
ovelTaod cnobilia, rogorc principi demokratiul wyobilebisa,
demokratiul mmarTvelobisa, da saerTod rogorc principi yovel
parlamentarul reJimisa, rom wevri sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebisa
aris gansxvavebuli Tavis xelSeuxeblobiT danarCen moqalaqeebisagan.
mizani, politikuri azri aseT ganTavisuflebisa aris erTis mxriv is,
rom kanonmdebeli metis ndobiT iyos aRWurvili, metis avtoritetiT,
da meores mxriv is, rom TviT kanonmdebels saSualeba hqondes Tavis
movaleoba pirnaTlad Seasrulos. es aris mTavari, da swored ai am mx­
riv unda mieqces mas yuradReba Cven mier. TviT principi, is ZiriTadi
mTavari principi, ai am miznis misaRwevad xorcieldeba sxva da sxva
gziT, sxva da sxva saSualebiT. yovel konstituciaSi am princips anx­
orcieleben sxva da sxva dadgenilebis mixedviT. magaliTad SexvdebiT
konstitucias, sadac mxolod erTi muxli aris moyvanili, rom TviT
palataSi, e. i. sakanonmdeblo palataSi warmoTqmul sityvebisTvis,
SexedulobisTvis an votumisTvis aravin ar SeiZleba iqnes micemuli
pasuxisgebaSi. danarCenze araferi aris naTqvami; zogan aris meti,
rom maTi daWera da datusaReba ar SeiZleba da yvela es umTavresad
aris dakavSirebuli adgilobriv konstituciasTan saerTod adgilo­
briv wyobilebasTan da im pirobebTan, romelSiac cxovrobs moqalaqe
ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi, ama Tu im wyobilebaSi.
roca sakonstitucio komisiaSi Cven winaSe dadga sakiTxi imunite­
tis, misi saWiroebis sakiTxs araviTari winaaRmdegoba azrebisa ar ga­
mouwvevia. yvelani erTxmad aRiarebdnen, rom imuniteti damfuZnebel
krebis wevrisTvis aucilebeli da miucilebelia. davas iwvevda mxo­
lod damuSaveba iseT debulebisa, romelic marTla uzrunvelyofs
damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros da mis­
cems mas saSualebas pirnaTlad Seasrulos is, rac misma amomrCevelma
daavales _ Cveulobrivi parlamenti ganirCeva damfuZnebel krebisa­
gan imiT, rom ukanaskneli metis uflebiT aris aRWurvili, vinem pir­
veli. maSasadame mis wevrebs gacilebiT ufro meti movaleoba awevT,
vidre awevT Cveulebriv kanonmdeblebs. mxolod damfuZnebeli kreba
SeiZleba CaiTvalos mTeli eris suverenobis, misi suliskveTebis, misi
azrebis miswrafebis gamomxatvelad, maSin rodesac yvela parlamen­
ti SezRudulia ase Tu ise Tavis moqmedebaSi, swored im farglebiT,
romlebic ZiriTad konstituciaSi aris gansazRvruli da Semofar­
gluli. maSasadame uzrunvelyofa damfuZnebel krebis wevrebisa
kidev ufro sastikaT unda iyos daculi.

312
aris kidev meore garemoeba, romelic aucilebels hyofs dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevris imunitetis dawvrilebiT ganxilvas da da­
muSavebas. es mizezi gaxlavT is, rom sazogadod iseTi ryevis, ngre­
va-Senebis xanaSi, romelSiac iwveven xolme damfuZnebel krebas, rom
man axali wyobileba daamyaros, ar aris ukve damuSavebuli sistema
wyobilebisa, arc moqalaqea Tavisufali, uzrunvelyofili, arc sxva
aseTi konsitucionuri variantebi arseboben. aseT mxareSi, rogorc
Cveni qveyana, cotad Tu bevrad yovelTvis warmoebs erTgvari mouwes­
rigebeli brZola moqalaqeTa Soris. SeiZleba es ar iyos pirdapiri
brZola, sisxlis Rvra, magram aseTi brZola Widils, romelic faqti­
urad amyarebs axal konstitucias, yovelTvis aqvs adgili im qveyneb­
Si, sadac cxovreba ar SemuSavebula, ar daduRebula, ar Camosxmula
iuridiul garkveul kalapotSi. aseT xanis mdgomareobas ganvicTiT
dRes Cvenc. daufaravad unda vsTqvaT Semdeg: miuxedavaT imisa, rom
Cven gvaqvs survili da miswrafeba demokratiul wyobilebisadmi, rom
dRes arsebobdes CvenSi demokratiuli ufleba, demokratiuli garan­
tiebi, _ es arc SeiZleba arsebobdes. Zalianac rom gvqondes survili
mis ganxorcielebisa; Cven amiT moutandiT mets zarals, mets zians
TviT respublikas, mis momavals, vidre mis ganmtkicebas. dRes aseTi
uzrunvelyofis Seqna SeuZlebelia, da sanam ar damdgara brZola Wi­
dili, sanam cxovreba ar Camdgara raime kalapotSi, es yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia, warmoudgenelia. amitom erTgvar gansakuTrebul wesebs,
gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas, im pirobebSi, romelSiac Cven vimyofe­
biT, yovelTvis eqneba adgili. es revoliuciis talRebi, romelnic
yovelTvis Seicaven Tavis SinaarsSi erTgvar anarqiis talRebs, sanam
igi ar dadgeba, mudam Sehqmnian gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas, roca
gansakuTrebuli zomebi aucilebeli gaxdeba, TviT demokratiisTvis,
TviT ukidures socialistisTvis.
Cveni komisiisTvis erTi iyo udavo, rom miuxedavaT yvela amisa
damfuZnebel krebis wevrni unda idgnen am mRelvarebis da am SfoTis
gareSe, isini unda darCnen aRWurvilni im garantiebiT, romelsac
aZlevs konstitucia da romlis saSualebiT maT miecemaT saSualeba,
SeZleba qveynis movlisa da patronobisa, es aris mTavari, mxolod ma­
Sin, rodesac damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebi am mxriv sruliad, savse­
biT, yovel mxriv uzrunvelyofili iqnebian, mxolod maSin SeuZlianT
marTla ganagon qveyana, energiulad Caerion qveynis muSaobaSi da mTav­
robis moqmedebaSi, SemoiRon faqtiurad is konstitucionuri wesi,
romlis dakanoneba mis xelT aris. Cven unda CaverioT aRmasrulebel
Zalis muSaobaSi, yvelgan unda CaverioT, vimuSavoT, magram Tu TiTon
Cven ar varT uzrunvelyofili, rom uweseobis msxverpli gavxdeT, Ta­
vis Tavad cxadia, ar SegveZleba wesiereba ganvaxorcieloT.
amas garda unda SevqmnaT erTgvari garegani gamoxatuleba im
ideisa, romelsac atarebs damfuZnebel krebis wevri. iuridiulad
unda iyos Camosxmuli is idea, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aris gamomx­

313
atveli xalxis suverenobisa da Tu xalxis suverenoba xelSeuxebeli
unda iyos, maSasadame xeluxlebeli unda iyos matarebeli am xalxos­
nur ideisa. is iyo mTavari motivi, mTavari azri, romelzedac aris
aSenebuli Tqven winaSe warmodgenili dekreti. TviT xeluxleblo­
bis dekreti ganiyofa or nawilad; erTi nawili mogiTxrobT imas,
rom mTeli rigi moqmedebisa, romelic Cveulebriv dros, Cveulebriv
cxovrebaSi unda delektaT, danaSaulobaT CagveTvala, damfuZnebel
krebis wevrisTvis danaSaulad ar iTvleba da arc SeiZleba danaSau­
loba uwodos mas; aseTi imunitetiT, aseTi ganTavisuflobiT yovel­
gvar dekretisagan sargeblobs mxolod erTi nawili damfuZnebel
krebis wevris muSaobisa da moRvaweobisa, swored is, romelic swar­
moebs pirdapir damfuZnebel krebaSi. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri,
rodesac is asrulebs Tavis movaleobas sxdomaze, an sxvagan, ese igi
asrulebs samuSaos, romelsac pirdapiri uSuamavlo kavSiri aqvs
damfuZnebel krebis moRvaweobasTan da mis funqciebis asrulebas­
Tan, ai im dros yovelive imis moqmedebis gamoxatuleba, iqneba is
sityva, xmis micema, an sxva raime muSaoba, sul erTia, _ es moqmedeba
ar iTvleba delektaT, ese igi danaSaulobaT, aseT moqmedebisTvis ve­
ravin, veraviTari Zala mas pasuxismgeblobaSi ver miscems. vsTqvaT
tribunaze warmosTqva damfuZnebel krebis wevrma aseTi sityva, ro­
melSiac aris vismes, an piradi Seuracxyofa, an aris mowodeba ara
kanonier moqmedebisadmi, _ aseTi sityva, tribunidan warmoTqmuli,
ar iTvleba deliqtaT, ar iTvleba danaSaulobaT. aq moqmedebs kre­
bis prezidiumi da misi diskrecionuli Zala, romelsac SeuZlian
SeaCeros esa Tu is wevri da kreba Caayenos erTgvar kalapotSi, ma­
gram mis gareSe araviTar Zalas, TviT damfuZnebel krebasac-ki ara
aqvs ufleba, rom igi misces samarTalSi. damfuZnebel krebis wevrni
am mxriv unda iyvnen sruliad uzrunvelyofilni, rom Tavis azri Tav­
isuflad gamosTqvan. damfuZnebel krebis wevri pasuxs agebs mxolod
winaSe Tavis sindisiT, Tavis movaleobis grZnobis da im sazogadoe­
bisa, romelmac igi gamogzavna. es pasuxismgebloba aris politiku­
ri, sazogadoebrivi, magram ara iuridiuli. erTad-erTi iuridiuli
pasuxismgebloba, romelic aris SesaZlebeli, es gaxlavT disci­
plinaruli pasuxismgebloba Tavmjdomaris winaSe, Tu damfuZnebel
krebis wevri Seuracyofas miayenebs an damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs, an
TviT damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebas Selaxavs. maSasadame erTad-erT
disciplinarul sasjels eqvemdebareba damfuZnebel krebis wevri
Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros; da maSasadame misi moqmedeba ar
iTvleba danaSaulad. es yvela konstituciisTvis, yvela wyobilebi­
sTvis udavoa da marTlac uamisod ar SegviZlian gavigoT, ra surda
ama Tu deputats an im xalxs, romlis warmomadgeneli is aris, ro­
melmac xma misca mas, romelmac Caabara mas mandati da daabara, rom
misi azri gamosTqvas. mTeli xalxis azri, rogorc fokusSi, ise unda
ixatebodes damfuZnebel krebaSi. yovel wevrs unda hqondes saSuale­

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ba Tavis namdvili rwmena, namdvili Tavis azri savsebiT gamoaaSkara­
vos, gamosTqvas tribunidan.
magram aris kidev meore sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba, an saerTod
Seicavs namdvil immunitets. es gaxlavT xeluxlebloba deputatisa
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is marTla sCadis danaSaulobas da roca misi
moqmedeba ar SeiZleba danaSaulad ar CaiTvalos. aviRoT Tu gind ig­
ive sityva, igive mowodeba ajanyebisTvis warmoTqmuli sadme krebaze,
mitingze, ojaxSi da sxvagan. es ueWvelad CaiTvleba deliqtad, es da­
naSaulobaa, vinaidan am SeTxvevaSi damfuZnebel krebis wevri Tavis
movaleobis gareSe sdgas da is iseTive Cveulebrivi moqalaqea, ro­
gorc sxva. maSasadame yoveli misi moqmedeba gaizomeba ise, rogorc
gaizomeba sxva moqalaqis moqmedeba. misi sityva Tu Seicavs ukanono
rames, es danaSaulia iseTi, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes danaSauli.
misi moqmedeba Tu Seicavs elements ukanonobisas, Tavis Tavad cxa­
dia, is eqvemdebareba ama Tu im kanonis muxls. magram aq ibadeba meo­
re sakiTxi. sasargebloa Tu ara, rom am moqmedebisTvis Cven mivceT is
samarTalSi? ra ufro didi boroteba iqneba, is, rom damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevri raime danaSaulobisTvis mivceT dauyovnebliv samarTalSi
da yovelive organos, romelic am sagans ganagebs, ufleba hqondes mas
xeli waavlos, daatusaRos, cixeSi gagzavnos, Tu umjobesia, rom am
SemTxvevaSic damfuZnebeli krebis wevri xelSeuxebeli iyos sxva dan­
arCen organoebisTvis. Cven gvgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSiac damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri unda iyos xelSeuvali, ese igi, miuxedavad imisa, rom
misi moqmedeba iTvleba danaSaulad ama Tu im kanonis muxlis ZaliT,
ar SeiZleba Cveulebrivi wesiT, imgvarive wesiT, rogorc sxva moqa­
laqe, iqmnes is samarTalSi micemuli. amisTvis vaarsebT Cven gansa­
kuTrebul wesiT samarTalSi micemas. ai am gansakuTrebul wesSi, am
gansakuTrebul privilegiaSi gamoixateba misi imuniteti, anu misi xe­
lSeuvaloba. ZvelaT ruseTSi iyo es xelSeuvaloba, magram es hqondaT
moxeleebs, Cinovnikebs; magaliTad, Cinovnikebis sasamarTloSi micema
ar SeiZleboda, Tu misi ufrosi amas ar moisurvebda. Cven rasakvir­
velia, ar gvinda dRes es sakiTxi ufross mivandoT. an Cinovniki iseT
imunitetiT aRvWurvoT, piriqiT, Cven gvgonia, yoveli moxele unda
iyos Tanasworad pasuxis mgebeli, rogorc yoveli moqalaqe, mxolod
kanonmdebeli, wevri saxelmwifos umTavres organosi, romelic mar­
Tavs da ganagebs qveyanas, unda iyos uzrunvelyofili sxva qvemdebare
organoebis mxriv, xelSeuxebeli. Tu sasamarTlos, an gamomZiebels
ufleba eqneba TviTeuli damfuZnebel krebis wevri daiWiros, cixe­
Si Casvas, maSin es gamgebeli gaxdeba damfuZnebel krebisa, vinaidan
damfuZnebel-krebis wevri da yvela is pirebi, romelnic ama Tu sx­
domaze ara sasurvelni iqnebian misTvis, SeuZlia daiWiros da cixe­
Si gagzavnos. da Semdeg, roca gamoZiebas daaTavebs ukan daabrunos.
am rigad mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli, an administratori gaxdeba
namdvili patroni da gamge damfuZnebel krebisa da ara piriqiT,

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damfuZnebeli kreba iqneba patroni da gamge am moxeleebisa. Cven ki
gvinda, rom sworeT arc erTi damfuZnebel krebis wevri mcire raime
danaSaulobisTvis, an didi danaSaulobisTvisac ar iqnes Selaxuli;
SesaZlebloba da normaluri pirobebi damfuZnebel krebis kanonmde­
blobiTi muSaobisa. amisTvis vawesebT Cven erTgvar imunitets, es imu­
niteti exeba mxolod zogierT procesualur wess damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevris pasuxismgeblobaSi micemisas, gaCxrekas, dapatimrebas da
sxva. yvela am wesebSi unda iyos gansxvaveba masa da Cveulebriv moqa­
laqes Soris. aseTi gansxvaveba unda iyos. es wesebi Cven dawvrilebiT
CamovTvaleT, movaxseneT damfuZnebel krebas. krebis wevris piradi
gaCxreka, dapatimreba da agreTve samarTalSi micema, rac dapatimre­
bisa da gamoZiebis Semdeg xdeba, SeiZleba swarmoebdes. samarTalSi
micema ki unda moxdes gansakuTrebul wesiT. agreTve dapatimreba da
sxva iseTi zomebi, romelic xels SeuSlis deputats Tavis movaleo­
bis asrulebaSi. yvela es CamoTvlilia calke muxlebSi, romlebsac
Semdeg ganvixilavT. komisiaSi, miviReT Semdegi wesi: im procesialu­
ri wesebis Sesasruleblad, romlebic Cveulebriv moqalaqes mimarT
unda iqnes miRebuli, rogorc winaswari zoma sasamarTlos organos­
gan, roca igi damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Seexeba, saWiroa damfuZneb­
el krebis dasturi, damfuZnebeli krebis dadgenileba, da mxolod
am gadawyvetilebis Semdeg sasamarTlos aqvs ufleba ise moepyras
damfuZnebel krebis wevrs, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes. danarCen­
Si is ar iqneba araviTar pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebuli.
TiTon damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba am SemTxvevaSi ufleba, Tavis
wevri misces samarTalSi, an ar misces. danarCenSi ki is eqvemdebareba
sasamarTlos ise, rogorc sxva moqalaqe, ukeTu is samarTalSi iqne­
ba micemuli, maSin mas moepyrobian ise, rogorc ubralo moqalaqes,
romelic samarTalSi aris micemuli, moepyrobian ise, rogorc sxva
damnaSaves, romelic iseTive saqmisaTvis aris samarTalSi micemuli.
mxolod erTi elementi, erTi momenti aris Setanili, _ esaa nebarT­
va TviT damfuZnebeli krebisa, aq aris erTgvari rwmena ara TviTeul
damfuZnebel krebis wevrisadmi, aramed mTel damfuZnebel krebis,
mTel krebulisadmi. mTeli krebuli TiTon ufro ukeT gaigebs imas,
ama Tu im wevris moqmedeba marTlac amcirebs mis Rirsebas, Tu ara. Tu
amcirebs, mas aqvs saSualeba samarTalSi gadasces da amnairad samar­
Tlianoba aRadginos da Tavis Rirseba daicvas, Tu umjobesia wevri
darCes damfuZnebel krebaSi da imuSaos, dastovebs damfuZnebel
krebas, rogorc suverenul gamomxatvels xalxis neba-survilisa. ro­
gorc umaRles kanonmdebels, neba aqvs, da saSualeba moepoeba, rom es
wevri Tavis adgilas dastovos da amuSaos, rom amiT xalxs Sesaferi
sargebloba moutanos. maSasadame principi xalxis sargeblobisa da
xalxis samsaxurisa aqac savsebiT aris daculi. es mTavari ZiriTadi
idea, romelzedac dayrdnobilia yoveli demokratiuli wyobileba,
aq savsebiT aris gatarebuli da daculi.

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ai aseTia is dekreti, romelic Tqven winaSe aris dRes warmod­
genili. am dekretis bolo muxlSi aris Setanili erTgvari sasjeli,
vinaidan am dekretis darRvevisaTvis, CvenSi yovelgvar kanons eWir­
veba sanqcia, es sanqcia unda iyos aqac. Tu sasjeli ar aris dadgenili
kanonis darRvevisaTvis, igi SeiZleba ar aasrulon, ar gaanxorcielon
da araviTari saSualeba ar gveqneba Zala davatanoT da ganvaxor­
cielebinoT. amisTvis aris damatebuli gansakuTrebuli muxli am
dekretis damrRvevTa dasjisa. aq aris kidev erTi muxli, romelic Se­
exeba damfuZnebel krebis mier ama Tu im wevris pasuximgeblobaSi mi­
cemis wess. Cven gvaqvs miRebuli xmis 2/3-is umravlesoba. damfuZnebe­
li kreba am umravlesobiT gadaswyvets sakiTxs damfuZnebeli krebis
wevris dapatimrebisa an samarTalSi micemis Sesaxeb. ratom miviReT
es kvalificiuri umravlesoba da ara martivi umravlesoba? imitom,
rom aqac gvindoda damfuZnebel krebas ise, rogorc yovel krebuls
exelmZRvanela ara marto partiul JinianobiT, aramed samarTlis
ideiT. mosalodnelia, Cven ar vambobT, ueWvelad moxdeba, magram mo­
salodnelia, rom wevris gamoricxvis uflebiT umravlesobam isarge­
blos da opoziciis wevrebi misces pasuxismgeblobaSi. teoretiulad
advili warmosadgenia aseTi SemTxveva: magaliTad, romelime umrav­
lesobas umetesoba 4, 5, gind 10 wevri, mas surs, rom meti umravlesoba
hyavdes da rom gaizardos misi umravlesoba, rom uzrunvelyofili
iyos misi muSaoba, igi samarTalSi miscems, daapatimrebs, umcireso­
bis, opoziciis wevrT. es ki yovlad miuRebelia. ai amisaTvis gvaqvs
miRebuli garantia, es aris kvalificiuri umravlesoba. am SemTxveva­
Si ara Tu umravlesoba aramed erTi nawili opoziciisa unda momxre
iyos azrisa, romelsac adgia umravlesoba. mxolod maSin esa Tu is
winadadeba wevris dapatimrebisa da samarTalSi micemis gatardeba
cxovrebaSi. konkretiulad rom vsTqvaT Cveni damfuZnebeli krebisT­
vis, iqneba, amas mniSvneloba ar hqondes, vinaidan Cveni fraqcia did
umravlesobas Seadgens, TiTqmis 9/10-s, magram Cven saWirod migvaCnia,
rom es idea aSkarad da mkafiod iyos gamoxatuli dekretSi. marTa­
lia dekreti exeba marto damfuZnebel krebas, magram amis namuSavari
mudam iqneba ase Tu ise saxelmZRvanelod da gvetyvian: „Tqven maSin,
roca damfuZnebeli kreba iyo, SegeZloT ase Tu ise migetrial-moget­
rialebiaT saqmeo“. magram rodesac idea iqneba Camosxmuli, gatare­
buli, Tundac im SemTxvevaSi mas ar qondes didi konkretiuli mniSvn­
eloba, amas ver gvetyvian. ai amitom Cven vadgevarT am demokratiul
ideas, Cven ar gvsurs am SemTxveviT visargebloT da es demokratiuli
garantiebi CavwixloT, gavauqmoT, amitom aris Semotanili es muxli
am dekretSi. ai es azri gamosTqva da SeimuSava komisiam. es azrebi ki
udavo iyo, sadao iyo sxva: saxeldobr is, Tu ra iTvleba damfuZnebeli
krebis wevris muSaobad da rogori moqmedeba damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrisa CaiTvleba deliqtis gareSe mdgomaT. iTvleba Tu ara aseT mo­
qmedebad muSaoba im komisiaSi, romelic damfuZnebelma krebam airCia

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da saqmisTvis sxvagan wargzavna? Cven komisiis umravlesoba im azris
iyo, rom, rodesac Cven gavgzavniT sadme komisias aRmasrulebel Za­
lis muSaobaSi Casarevad, an sxva raime samuSaos asasruleblad, an sxva
raime specialurs an zogadi mandatiT, am SemTxvevaSi komisiis muSao­
ba sruliad ifareba am dekretiT da igi araviTar deliqtaT ar CaiT­
vleba. saerTod evropiul konstituciebSi aseTi wesi ar arsebobs,
magram es aixsneba imiT, rom parlamentebSi arc iseTi wesia miRebuli,
rogorc damfuZnebel krebaSi. parlamenti bevrgan aRmasrulebel Za­
lis moqmedebaSi ar ereva, ise rogorc ereva damfuZnebeli kreba da
amiT pirdapir marTavs, ganagebs qveyanas. damfuZnebel krebas sWirde­
ba amrigaT zedmeti muSaobis asruleba, romelic ar awevs Cveulebriv
parlaments. Cven gvgonia damfuZnebeli krebis imunitetiT ifareba
yvela moqmedeba im komisiisa, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba airCevs
da sxvagan gagzavnis. ai umTavresi azri komisiisa am saganze.
am rigad Cven miviReT ori principi, erTi is, rom moqmedeba dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrisa Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros ar Seicavs
araviTar deliqts da Tavisufalia yovelgvar pasuxismgeblobisagan.
meore is, rom damfuZnebel wevris moqmedeba da muSaoba damfuZnebel
krebis gareSe, Tu igi Seicavs raime danaSaulobis elements, SeiZle­
ba dasjili iqnes sasamarTlos mier, magram ukanaskneli miiRebs mis
winaaRmdeg procesialur zomebs mxolod mas Semdeg, roca imas daa­
dasturebs da daadgens damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis sxdomaze. ai es aris
mTavari azri am proeqtisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis saerTo msjelobisTvis b-n bara­
TaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s. f.). Cven bevrSi veTanxmebiT momxsenebels.
erT SemTxvevaSi martoka aris Cven Soris gansxvaveba.
pirveli muxli am dekretisa icavs ZiriTad princips damfuZneb­
el krebis wevris xelSeuxeblobisa. magram, roca ki waikiTxavT meore
muxls, dainaxavT, rom es principi bolomdis daculi ar aris. meore
muxlSi pirdapir nagulisxmebia, rom is xelSeuxebelia maSin, roca
asrulebs Tavis movaleobas, Tavis movaleobas asrulebs damfuZneb­
el krebaSi, Tqvens winaSe, da, meore, maSin, roca damfuZnebeli kreba
gansakuTrebiT daavalebs raime saqmes. Cven ki gvgonia, movaleoba
damfuZnebel krebisa da damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa amiT ar amoi­
wureba. maTi moRvaweoba mravalferovania da mravalmxrivi. SeuZle­
belia, rom man imuSaos da imoqmedos martoka aq. SeuZlebelia, rom
man imoqmedos maSin, roca gansakuTrebiT eqneba davaleba. Cven sxva
warmodgenisa varT. Cveni cxovreba jer Camoyalibebuli ar aris, jer
saxelmwifoebrivi formebi ar gvaqvs da kanonebi dawerili ar aris.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri movalea, rom Tavis moqmedeba gaitanos ga­
reT, imuSavos xalxSi da masTan erTad daimuSaos ZiriTadi debuleba­
ni, romelnic damfuZnebel krebaSi unda iyos gadmotanili misaRebad,
dasamtkiceblad da cxovrebaSi gansaxorcieleblad. me mogaxsenebT

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magaliTad Semdegs: vsTqvaT damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma warmosTqva
sityva sadme mitingzed, am kanon-proeqtidan sCans, rom mas ara aqvs
sityvis Tavisufleba, ver ityvis imas, rasac ukarnaxebs misi rwmena,
saqmis viTareba da sxv. amisTana moqmedeba rCeba gareSe damfuZnebel
krebis wevris movaleobisa, am SemTxvevaSi kanoni mas zRudavs. war­
moidgineT, vinmes, moxeles, swored miliciis warmomadgenels ar moe­
wona sityva sxva da sxva mosazrebiT, mas SeuZlian SeaCeros oratori,
ara Tu gaakritikos, aramed zomebi miiRos, rom igi iqidan gandevnos
da Tu gandevnili ar iqmna, yovel SemTxvevaSi sityvas Seuwyvets. me
gkiTxavT Tqven, sad aris aq xelSeuxebloba, sad aris aq sityvis Tav­
isufleba? Tqven SegiZliaT mipasuxoT, rom roca iqneba Semotanili
kanon-proeqti sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, maSin, rasakvirvelia,
Cven vimsjelebT da farTod davayenebT sakiTxs. magram am dromdis,
vidre es kanoni Cven ar gvaqvs, swored, rom jerovani iqneba, rom aq
aRvniSnoT es. aravis ufleba ara aqvs, rom rogorc kerZo pirma, ise
moxelem damfuZnebeli krebis wevri SeaCeros, sityva Seawyvetinos.
moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri aris xalxis warmomad­
geneli, is Tqven winaSe da xalxis winaSe aris pasuxismgebeli. (xma:
marTalia!). is aris aRWurvili uzenaes uflebiT. sakiTxi CvenTvis
martivia. Cvenis azriT, saca da roca ki ar iyos, damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri asrulebs Tavis movaleobas. rasakvirvelia gamonaklisi ar
unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi. SesaZlebelia, rom deputatma Caidinos
iseTi moqmedeba, romelic dasaSvebi ar aris, magram amisaTvis Cven
princips ver davarRvevT, Cven iqidan gamovdivarT, rom damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri WkvaTa myofia, aRWurvili xalxis ndobiT, ar unda
iviwyebdes Tavis daniSnulebas, icavs xalxis interess da roca is mo­
qmedobs, is asrulebs Tavis movaleobas. Tqven kargad iciT, rom yovel
saxelmwifoSi Zala dagrovilia mmarTvel partiis xelSi da nebsiT Tu
uneblied idevneba mowinaaRmdege mxare. momxsenebelma aRiara, rom
azrTa gacvla-gamocvla saWiroa, unda CamovayaliboT Cveni cxovreba,
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi saxe; dRes vimyofebiT WidilSi da duRilSi.
SeuZlebelia, rom am dros sityvis Tavisufleba SezRuduli iyos. vis
vaniWebT kantrolis uflebebs? vin aris avtoritetiT aRWurvili?
Tu vismes neba aqvs damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Seawyvetinos sityva,
maSin es piri warmoadgens kantrolis avtoritets. Cven vamtkicebT,
rom amisTana avtoritetiT aRWurvilia marto deputati, saqme iu­
ridiul pasuxismgeblobaSi ki ar aris, rogorc hqonia momxsenebels.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri pasuxismgebelia da upirvelesad yovlisa
pasuxismgebelia politikur partiis winaSe, mas wams sazogadoeba, af­
asebs politikur moRvaweobas da pasuxismgebloba mas esmis, Tu dana­
Sauls Caidens, pasuxismgebelia partiis winaSe, meore mxriT partia
mosTxovs angariSs. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri ar aris moklebuli
arc kritikas, arc kontrols. Tu uvargisia da Seuferebeli, xalxi
mas ar airCevs. raT gindaT xelovnurad SevqnaT uflebebis SezRudva,

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deputatis pasuxis gebaSi micema, im azrisTvis da SexedulebisTvis,
romelic igi sityviT anu xmis micemiT gamosTqva, didi Secdomaa. ami­
tom meore muxlidan unda amoviRoT „movaleobis im asrulebis dros“,
es imisTana debuleba aris, romelic swored ewinaaRmdegeba ZiriTad
princips xelSeuxleblobisas. azri sazogadod Tavisufalia, azris
gamoTqmis gamo devna SeuZlebelia. ibadeba kiTxva, vsTqvaT damfuZneb­
el krebis wevrma visme _ piradi Seuracyofa miayena. maSin, is xom iu­
ridiulaT pasuxismgebeli ar aris? am SemTxvevaSi Seuracyofils aqvs
saSualeba pasuxi gasces samediatoro sasamarTloSi. Cvena gvwams,
rom Tu deputati piradaT vismes Seexeba, Seexeba swored imisTvis,
rom xalxis interesi amas moiTxovs, da ar ixelmZRvanelebs kerZo in­
teresebiT. amisdamixedviT, Cven unda amoviRoT es oriode sityva, ma­
Sin bolomdis principi xelSeuxeblobisa iqneba daculi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. unda mogaxsenoT, rom amisTana winaaRmdegobas ar
velodi am tribunidan. albaT, dRes ukiduresobis xanaa da Cven yvela
sakiTxSi gvinda mTels dedamiwas gadavaWarboT, TviT gonebasac. To­
rem, rogor SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom Tu deputati galanZRavs,
galanZRva ar ariso, da Tu kerZo kaci galanZRavs, galanZRva ariso.
Cven, rom davfaroT aseTi moqmedeba deputatisa, unda gansakuTrebuli
pirobebi gvqondes. es gansakuTrebuli piroba aris, ai es tribuna. am
tribunas yavs damcveli prezidiumis saxiT da am tribunaze vinc war­
mosTqvams sityvas, romliTac Seuracxyofs vismes, an rac mis Rirsebi­
sTvis ar aris sakadrisi, mas Seayenebs, SeaCerebs Tavmjdomare, magram
Tu is laparakobs sadme quCaSi, sadac prezidiumi ver SeaCerebs, igi
aseT privilegiiT ver isargeblebs. ambobs, rom me var damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri da saca waval, vilaparakeb, rac minda da rogorc minda,
Tunda vlanZRo da Seuracxyofa mivayeno visme, aravis ufleba ar aqvs
es deliqtaT, danaSaulaT CamiTvaloso. me sruliad ver momisazre­
bia: rogor, roca erTi kaci Caidens danaSauls, es aris danaSauloba
da roca meore Caidens _ es ar aris danaSauli? es Cven ver warmogvid­
genia. magram baraTaSvils sxva principi aqvs wamoyenebuli, is ambobs,
raki Cven damfuZnebeli krebis wevrni varT, amitom Cven yovelive mo­
qmedebas vuqvemdebarebT xalxs, am zogad SemkrebelobiT erTeuls da
ara sasamarTlos an romelime kanonmdebel dawesebulebaso. amiT mas
unda, rom wevri TviT damfuZnebeli krebisganac gaanTavisuflos,
vinaidan unda ara danaSaulad aRiaros yoveli moqmedeba damfuZnebe­
li krebis gareSe Cadenilic. cxadia maSasadame, rom aq aris principi
ara Tavisuflebisa, aramed TviTnebobisa. ai 130 kacs mieces ufleba
TviTnebobisa, rac unda ilaparakon, rogorc unda moiqcnen da gamo­
vacxadoT winaswar, rom damnaSaveni ara varTo. TviTnebobis ufleba
130 kacis, rasac TviTmpyrobelobis xanaSiac ki ar qonda adgili, da
Cven sruliadac ar gvsurs TviTneboba davakanonoT. TviT idea, ro­
melsac Cven vadgivarT da romliTac zogierTi moqmedeba damfuZnebe­

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li krebis kanonierad iqceva, an ara danaSaulobad cxaddeba, aRWur­
vilia erTgvari garantiiT. aq aris ndoba ara erT kerZo piris, aramed
mTel krebulis. aq tribunaze nalaparakevi dafarulia imunitetiT
imitom, rom aq aris damfuZnebeli krebis sxdoma, misi muSaoba, aq aris
kolegia, romelic faravs TviTeul wevris moqmedebas da mas aqvs Sina­
gani garantia, rom aq uwesoeba ar iqnes Cadenili _ es aris mTavari.
baraTaSvili ambobs, raki damfuZnebeli krebis wevri varo, Cven
pasuxs vagebT mxolod politikurad da sazogadoebrivado. me ki
vambob, rom yoveli moqalaqe, yoveli politikuri moRvawe aris pa­
suxismgebeli politikurad da sazogadoebrivad. gana mas ki ar moix­
senieben cudad sazogadoebaSi Tu is cudad moiqca? rasakvirvelia
moixsenieben ise, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrs da xSirad ara
naklebadac. gana cotaa aseTi sazogado moRvawe, romelic damfuZneb­
el krebaSi ar imyofeba, magram romelsac did pativs vscemT da Tu
cudi yofa-qceva gamoiCina, ara naklebadac davZraxavT, vidre dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs? maS igic mxolod politikurad da sazoga­
doebrivad unda iyos pasuxismgebeli. amitom Cven vambobT, SeiZleba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevris dasja, Tu misi moqmedeba raime deleqts
Seicavs, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi damfuZnebeli krebis wevri gamodis
aq iseT suverenad, romelic kanonze maRla sdgas. es yovlad war­
moudgenelia. xalxis interess icavs ara TviTeuli wevri, aramed dam­
fuZnebeli kreba mTlianad, SesaZlebelia, rom romelime wevrs aseTi
warmodgena qondes, rom Tu is wava quCaSi da mouwodebs ajanyebisT­
vis xalxs, mouwodebs sasaxlis dasangrevad, karg saqmes Caidens, did
saxelmwifoebriv saqmes gaakeTebs. Cven ki gvgonia, rom es iqneba didi
damrRvevi muSaoba da amitom dasasjelia. vin unda gadasWras es dava?
es unda gadasWras kanonma da kanonmdebelma. moqalaqe baraTaSvili
ki gveubneba, es unda gadasWras im wevrma, romelic moqmedobs, Tu mas
miaCnia es xalxis sasargeblod, dee imoqmedoso. Cven ki gvgonia, is
dausjelad ver imoqmedebs ase, ver mouwodebs xalxs, moqmedebisaken,
romelic isjeba kanoniT, vinaidan kanoni ufro maRla sdgas TviTeul
wevrze, romelic am sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi brZandeba. kanoni
aris sazogadoebrivi neba-survilis gamomxatveli da ara TviTeuli
adamianis nebis gamomxatveli.
Cven ar SegviZlian romelime wevris Sexeduleba gavataroT kanon­
Si da TviTeul wevrs mivsceT ufleba kanoni Taviseburad ganmartos.
roca amboben, amovSaloT sityvebi „Tavis movaleobis asrulebis
dros“, es ise unda gavigoT, rom davfaroT damfuZnebel krebis wevri
maSinac, roca is asrulebs ara Tavis movaleobas, aramed sxvis mova­
leobas. me ar vici risi eSinian, Tu mas Tavis „movaleobis asrulebis
dros“ eqneba imuniteti? Tu imiT ar kmayofildeba, cxadia rom igi
iyos Tavisufali yovelgvar dasjisagan, maSinac ki rodesac Tavis
movaleobas ki ar asrulebs, aramed arRvevs, Cven ki vambobT, roca is
TviTnebobas iCens, Tavis movaleobas arRvevs, maSin is SeiZleba, ro­

321
gorc Cveulebrivi moqalaqe, CaiTvalos damnaSaved, radgan igi am mov­
aleobis asrulebis gareSe sdgas. Tu b-n baraTaSvils gonia, rom es
muxli aris aRebuli Cveulebrivi konstituciidan, romelsac SeiZle­
ba ar mivaqcioT yuradReba, me nebas mivcem Cem Tavs mivmarTo safran­
geTis did revoliucias. iqaurma konventma 91 wels ai es principi ro­
gor Camoayaliba iqaur konstituciaSi (kiTxulobs).
rogorc sCans, es igive ideaa, romelic Cven meore muxlSia moyvani­
li. ase rom amis genezisi iwyeba ara Semdeg konstituciebSi, aramed
revoliuciis konstituciaSi. TviT revoliuciis wiaRSi Caisaxa es
idea kanonmdebelis immunitetisa Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros.
immuniteti ar uaruyviaT maSinac ki, rodesac konventi arRvevda mas,
giliotinaze gzavnida Tavis wevrebs. is arRvevda am kanons, magram
kanoni ar gauuqmebia. es kanoni mainc darCa. is TviTon grZnobda, rom
arRvevda am kanons Sinaur brZolis aucileblobis gamo, romelsac
Tavi ver daaRwia, magram am principis gauqmeba, am principze xelis
aReba mas erTxelac ar ufiqria da Cvenc ar unda vifiqroT. ufro ga­
farToeba muxlisa ki iqneba ubralo anarqiis dakanoneba.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa?
muxli miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.). Cveni fraqciis azriT meore muxlidan un­
da amoRebuli iqmnas sityvebi: „Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebis dros“.
ori mosazreba moiyvana momxsenebelma.
erTi is, rom Tu vismes gared, ara parlamentis sxdomaze galanZ­
RavT, Tqven pasuxismgebeli ara xarTo da sxvas ki, galanZRuls, sa­
Sualeba ara aqvs, rom amave wesiT pasuxi mogceTo. me mgonia es iseTi
mciredi mosazreba aris, rom Cven amazed Tqven yuradRebas ar SevaCe­
rebT da verc amazed avaSenebT swore azrs. mogexsenebaT, rom roca
iqneba sakiTxi sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, yvelas miecema sityvis
Tavisufleba da am SemTxvevaSi erT da igive niadagze idgebian yve­
lani. erTi da igive kanoni orive mxares daicavs. meore _ is mosazreba,
rom Tqven „mouwodebT ajanyebisTvis da wamoiyvanT swored saxelmwi­
fos dasangrevad“, moqalaqeno, am SemTxvevisaTvis aris SeniSvna me-5
muxlSi. (kiTxulobs): „ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis
Cadenis dros moaswres _ SeiZleba igi dapatimrebul iqnes, rac dauy­
onebliv unda ecnobos krebas“. mowodeba erTi aris, moqmedeba meore.
Cven amas varCevT. sityvis warmoTqma erTi aris da saqmeze gadasvla
ki meore. roca oratori sityviT mimarTavs xalxs, miuTiTebs aqtiur
moqmedebisTvis da nabiji iqneba gadadgmuli aRsasruleblad, roca
igi ukve daiwyobs aqtivobas da gamoCndeba niSnebi borotmoqmedebi­
sa, maSin Tqven saSualeba geZlevaT, rom is SeayenoT, xeli SeuSaloT.

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Cven vambobT sazogadod sityvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, azris gamo­
qveynebaze, rwmenis gamoTqmaze da Tqven naTlad dainaxavT, rom swored
es aris SezRuduli meore muxlis mixedviT. sxva konstituciebSi es
sakiTxi arc ise naTlad aris gaSuqebuli. meqsikis konstituciaSi
aris erTi muxli, roca „asrulebs Tavis mandats“. rogorc gindaT
gaigeT. b. momxsenebelma Cveni azris gasabaTileblad moiyvana Zalian
sagulisxmiero magaliTi safrangeTis konventidan. iqa vkiTxulobT:
„roca asrulebs, rogorc warmomadgeneli Tavis movaleobas, is pasux­
ismgebeli ar aris, xelSeuxebelia“. ara mgonia, rom es magaliTi Cven
sawinaaRmdegoT iyos. „rogorc warmomadgeneli“ farTo mcneba aris
da amiT SegiZlianT isargebloT ise, rogorc Tqvena gsurT. vsTqvaT,
me wavel mitingze da ganvacxade _ „movel rogorc xalxis warmomad­
geneli“, amis uflebas me veravin wamarTmevs, swored rom vasruleb Cem
movaleobas da saWiroeba moiTxovs sityvis Tavisuflebas. ara gvgo­
nia Cven, rom konventis wevri yofiliyos SezRuduli Tavis moqmedeba­
Si. sawinaaRmdego faqtebi Cven ar viciT da arc iyo aq moyvanili. Cve­
ni azri Seuryeveli darCa. vTqvaT, rom b. momxsenebeli swored xsnis
konventis debulebas. gana es CvenTvis savaldebuloa? moqalaqeno! is,
rac moxda 100 wlis winad, SeuZlebelia, rom brmad dRes Cven miviRoT.
dRes Cven sxva cxovrebas ganvicdiT, Cveni konstitucia nakarnaxevia
Cvenive mdgomareobiT. safrangeTSi burJuaziul elementebs hqondaT
Zala da burJuaziuli elementebi qmnidnen kanonebs. CvenSi ki sul
sxva ganwyobilebaa, kanons qmnis aq burJuazia da ara demokratia da
swored am demokratias Seefereba SemoiRos kanoni damcveli adamian­
is ZiriTadi uflebisa, sityvis Tavisuflebisa. amitom fraza _ „Tavis
movaleobis asrulebis dros“ _ amoRebuli unda iqnas.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba maSasadame aseTi gaxlavT. (kiTxulobs)...
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
raJden arseniZe. (momxsenebeli) weRan mogaxseneT, da exlac vimeo­
reb, rom winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
arsebiTaT unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi imis gamo, rac warmosTqva
krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma. is ambobs, rom Cven exla ara demokrati­
ul wyobilebas, aramed gansakuTrebul wyobilebas vawyobT, da war­
suli 100 wlis istoria, kultura, gamocdileba ar gamogvadgebao. me
ki mgonia, rom 100 wlis gamocdilebiT Tu visargeblebT, es Zalian ga­
mosadegi iqneba CvenTvis, da gansakuTrebiT im wevrebisaTvis, romel­
Tac undaT axali ram Sehqnan, maT unda isargeblon da ara wixli hkran
am 100 wlis kulturas, gamocdilebas da namuSevars. Tu fiqrobT, rom
es Cven ar gvinda, es niSnavs, rom politikuri momzadeba da simwife
gvaklia. es unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi. meore mxriv isic aRsaniS­
navia, rom es ar Seefereba istoriis tendencias. Tu gnebavT am isto­
riis gakveTilebiT odnav mainc isargebloT, maSin Cven SevxedoT im
qveynebs, sadac marTla namdvili demokratiuli wyobileba myardeba,
da cxovrebaSi fexs ikidebs. Cven vnaxavT demokratiul konstitucias,

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sadac iseTi garantiebi ar arsebobs. magaliTad, Sveicariis zogierT
kantonSi, TviT konfederaciis ZiriTad konstituciaSic imunitetis
Sesaxeb krintic ar aris daZruli, magram es imitom, rom aq arc ki aris
saWiro kanomdebelis gamoyofa am mxriv danarCen moqalaqeTagan. is
uimisoTac moaxerxebs Tavis movaleobis Sesrulebas, da Tu CvenSic
Seiqmna ukeTesi weswyobileba, namdvili demokratiuli weswyobile­
ba, maSin es dekretic unda gauqmdes, radgan normaluri, sazogado
pirobebic sakmarisi iqneba kanonmdeblisaTvisac. ai es aris, Tu gne­
bavT, idea ganviTarebisa, win msvlelobisa, da ara iseTi imuniteti,
romelic yovel imunitetze ufro magari unda gaxadon. me vambob,
sadac ari ufro Rrma Segneba demokratiuli movaleobisa, meti gan­
viTareba da sadac ufro ukeTesi normalur pirobebSia Cayenebuli
demokratia, _ iq imuniteti yvelaze nakleb aris saWiro, vinaidan
gansxvaveba moqalaqisa da kanonmdeblis Soris konstituciis garan­
tiis mxriv Semcirebulia. Tu amas ver gavigebT, da mainc vityviT, rom
moqalaqis ufleba aris, rom deputatma ajanyebebze yvelgan ilapa­
rakoso, es ar warmoadgens araviTar konstitucionalur wesebis
SemuSavebas, da arc damfuZnebel krebis Rirsebis dacvas.
aris kidev erTi kiTxva. SeiZleba Tu ara sityvieraT deliqtis,
anu danaSaulobis Cadena.
verc erTi iuristi ver ityvis, sityvieraT ar SeiZleba danaSau­
lobis Cadena, _ es me ver warmomidgenia, arc konstitucionalur, arc
demokratiul arc socialistur wyobilebaSi. me ver warmomidgenia
iseTi socialisturi wyobileba, sadac sruliad Tavisuflad SeiZle­
bodes lanZRva. me mgonia, rom piriqiT, socialistur wyobilebaSi met
danaSaulaT iqneba igi CaTvlili, vidre dRes aris, radgan maSin meti
pativiscema iqneba pirovnebisa da adamianisadmi. Cven ki aq gveubnebi­
an, radgan cxovreba viTardeba, Cvenc sityvas unda mivceT sruli Ta­
visufleba, ese igi, rac ginda, is Caidine sityviTo. me ki mgonia, rom
sityvis Tavisufleba usazRvro ar aris, me mesmis, roca sityvier Tav­
isuflebaze amboben _ administratiuli TviTneboba ar iyoso; magram
rom sasamarTlos kanonma, mTel xalxis nebis gamomxatvelma sityvis
saSualebiT ar miiRos zoma kerZo piris, an sazogado interesebis
darRvevis winaaRmdeg, _ amas veravin ver ityvis. da raki Cven im prin­
cips davadgebiT, rom sityvieraT SeiZleba darRveva wesis, kanonis,
samarTlis, TviT xalxis interesebis, _ cxadia, maSasadame, Cven ver
vityviT, rom sityva iyos sruliad Tavisufali, upasuxismgeblo. am
muxlSi aRiarebulia ara Tavisufleba sityvis, aramed upasuxismge­
blobis. es daiviwya krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma.
meore muxlSi Tavisuflebaze ki ar aris laparaki, aramed sityvis
upasuxismgeblobaze, vinaidan aq sweria: „ar SeiZleba pasuxisgebaSi
micema da sx.“ maSasadame ar SeiZleba deliqtad gamocxadeba naTq­
vamisa. amnairad, es aris imuniteti da garCeva sityvebis, romelic
warmoTqmula damfuZnebel krebaSi, imisgan, romelic warmoTqmu­

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la damfuZnebel krebis gareSe. magram amasTanave aq gvaqvs garantia
prezidiumis saxiT, romelsac micemuli aqvs reglamenti da Tu vinme
wesierebas gadaacilebs, SeuZlia SeaCeros. maSasadame, mis gareSe ki
mas SeaCerebs kanoni, romelSiac mkafiod aris naTqvami, rom „aseTi da
aseTi sityvis warmoTqma aris danaSauli“ da amisTvis aris sasjeli
dadebuli.
magram roca damfuZnebel krebis wevri ilaparakebs krebis ga­
reSe, cxadia, imas ver daiWeren, rogorc yvela sxva moqalaqes, aramed
mxolod damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT, _ e. i. im wesebis mixedviT, ro­
melic qveiT aris CamoTvlili.
am rigaT, Tu romelime damfuZnebel krebis wevri ajanyebisken
uwodebs xalxs gareT, Cven am mowodebisTvis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrsac daviWerT. bolSeviki iqneba is, Tu menSeviki, memarjvene Tu
memarcxene, _ yvela isini kanonis winaSe Tanaswori arian. Cven ar gvin­
da, rom moqalaqem, Tundac krebis wevrma baraTaSvilma mouwodos
ajanyebisTvis da es ar CaiTvalos deliqtaT. ajanyebisadmi mowode­
ba danaSaulia, iqneba es mowodeba warmoTqmuli social-demokrati­
sagan, bolSevikisagan, eserisagan, memarcxene, an memarjvenesagan Tu
sxvisgan, es sul erTia kanonisTvis. Tu Cven davicavT erTgvar garan­
tias deputatisTvis, garantias procesialurs, saxeldobr imas, rom
igi ver misces miliciam samarTalSi, Tu Cven ar dagvekiTxa da das­
turi ar miiRo, _ es sruliad sakmarisia rom daicvas misi muSaobis
interesebi sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi. zedmet uflebas ki Cven
veravis mivaniWebT.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. Sesworeba aseTi gaxlavs.
(kiTxulobs). amoRebul iqnes sityvebi: „Tvisi movaleobis asrulebis
dros“.
vin aris momxre Sesworebisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba
uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre meore muxlisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? meore mux­
li miRebulia. gTxovT mesame muxli waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am muxlisa. muxli miRebuli gax­
lavT. Semdegi waikiTxeT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-4 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) me-4 muxlis ZaliT, damfuZnebel krebis wev­
ris gaCxreka SeiZleba sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT. Semdeg naTqvamia.
„anda damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT“. ase rom, damfuZnebel krebas Tu
ar mimarTa sasamarTlom, mas SeuZlian daadginos da gaCxrikos dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevri.
social-demokratiuli fraqcia fiqrobs, rom aseTi ufleba ar
unda hqondes sasamarTlos. man kidevac rom daadginos gaCxreka, unda

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hqondes damfuZnebel krebis nebarTvac dadgenilebis sisruleSi mo­
sayvanad.
amitom social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva _ kav­
Siri, anda Seicvalos meore kavSiriT da. ise rom es muxli miRebuli
iyos Semdegi saxiT. (kiTxulobs) _ damfuZnebel krebis wevris bina Sei­
Zleba gaCxrekil iqnes mxolod saTanado sasamarTlos organos dadge­
nilebiT da damfuZnebel krebis nebarTviT.
Tavmjdomare. me-4 muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s. f.) Cveni winadadeba aris am muxlSi amoiSa­
los erTi sityva: organo.
aq naTqvami aris. (kiTxulobs).
4. damfuZnebeli krebis bina SeiZleba gaCxrekil iqnes mxolod sa­
Tanado sasamarTlos organos dadgenilebiT, an da damfuZnebeli kre­
bis nebarTviT.
Cveni winadadeba aris amoiSalos sityva organo, amisTvis rom,
SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva _ ra aris sasamarTlos organo. (gvazava: sa­
samarTlo!) aq sweria: sasamarTlos saTanado organo; SeiZleba es ise
gaigoT: gamomZiebeli, bralmdebeli da sxva. Cven amis uflebas ver mi­
vcemT verc gamomZiebels, verc bralmdebels, da verc imas, vinc mis
Tanamdebobas asrulebs, Tundac rom mivideT ministris TanaSemwis
uflebamdis. Cven vaZlevT uflebas saTanado sasamarTlos.
sasamarTlo gaarCevs saqmes, is kolegiuri dawesebuleba aris,
Caukvirdeba saqmes, da am SemTxvevaSi, yovel mxriv aris garantia.
warmoidgineT rom gamomZiebeli da bralmdebeli bevrjel xelmZR­
vaneloben sxva mosazrebiT. calmxrivi, vsTqvaT, mimarTuleba iCens
xolme Tavs. xandisxan uneblieT gamodis, rom es aris TviTneboba. amis­
damixedviT Cven ver mivandobT amisTana saqmes. Cven amisTana princips
ver gaviziarebT Tu marTla xelSeuxebeli aris damfuZnebel krebis
wevri, maSin imisTana organos unda mivandoT mis binis gaCxreka, ro­
melic uzrunvelyofs am SemTxvevaSi pirovnebas, da miT umetes dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs. amisdamixedviT, me mgonia, Cemi azri naTelia,
rom es „organo“ usaTuod amoSlili unda iyos, da darCes maSasadame:
saTanado sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs meoTxe muxlis Sesaxeb? aravis.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
r. arseniZe. (momxsenebeli). am SemTxvevaSi unda daveTanxmo b. ba­
raTaSvils.
sityva organos amoSla SeiZleba. me mgonia amiT ZiriTadi azri,
romelic miiRo kanonma Secvlili ar iqneba.
rac Seexeba im winadadebas, romelic Semoitana social-demokra­
tiulma fraqciam, is arsebiTaT scvlis im wess, romelic miRebulia
dekretSi. sazogadod aseTi wesi binis gaCxrekisa arc erT konsti­
tuciaSi ar aris. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri am mxriv iseTsave md­

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gomareobaSia, rogorc yvela moqalaqe. magram iq moqalaqis gaCxreka
SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT. ise rom, es garantia
uzrunvelyofs deputats da moqalaqesac. magram radgan Cven jer
aseTi muxli konstituciisa ar SegvimuSavebia, _ xolo revoliucio­
nur mdgomareobis gamo administratiulad SevexoT kerZo adamianis
binas, Cven saWirod davinaxeT, rom es normalur konstitucionalu­
ri wesi Semogvetana, rogorc deputatis imuniteti, droebiT rasak­
virvelia. Tu Cven im princips davadgebiT, romelsac komisia adgia, _
ese igi „rom damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gaCxreka SeiZleba mxolod
sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT“, _ es sruliad sakmarisia. xolo Tu dam­
fuZnebeli krebis nebarTviT SeiZleba sasamarTloSi micema da dapa­
timreba damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisa, _ miT umetes SeiZleba mis bi­
nis gaCxreka.
amitom es redaqcia, romelic komisiam warmoadgina, savsebiT ga­
moxatavs im azrs, romelic hqonda komisias am muxlis SemuSavebis
dros.
Sesworeba social-demokratiul fraqciisa ramodenimeT scvlis
am debulebas. is Txoulobs orgvar garantias _ erTi sasamarTlosas,
meores damfuZnebeli krebisas prezidiumis dasturis saxiT. marTa­
lia, sjobia damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumis dasturi, vinem TviT
damfuZnebeli krebisa, radgan pirveli SeiZleba moxdes ufro swra­
fad, saidumlod da mizansac miaxwios, magram radgan komisiisagan es
azri ar aris miRebuli, me, rogorc komisiis warmomadgeneli, mas mx­
ars ver dauWer.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri pirvel Sesworebas. vin aris momxre, rom
kavSiri anda Seicvalos kavSiriT da? vin aris winaaRmdegi? Seswore­
ba miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT me-5-Te muxli.
Sesworeba meore: amoiSalos sityva organo, vin aris momxre? gTx­
ovT aswioT xeli. vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT.
gTxovT waikiTxoT me-5-Te muxli.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT SeniSvna.
arseniZe. (kiTxulobs SeniSvnas.)
Tavmjdomare. me-5-Te muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s. d.) me-5-Te muxlSi aris naTqvami SeniSvniT (kiT­
xulobs).
5. damfuZnebel krebis wevris dapatimreba da samarTalSi micema
SeiZleba mxolod damfuZebel krebis dadgenilebiT.
SeniSvna: ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis Cadenis
dros moaswres _ SeiZleba igi dapatimrebul iqnes, rac dauyovnebliv
unda ecnobos krebas.
xSirad SeiZleba danaSauli umniSvnelo iyos. amitom social-­
demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva sityva „danaSauls“ mie­
matos mZime. es Sesworeba aris social-demokratiis fraqciis wina­
dadebiT Semotanili.

327
Tavmjdomare. amave muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel
krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s. r.) me-5-Te muxlis SeniSvnis miReba, rogorc aq
aris, yovlad SeuZlebelia, magram Cven, rom CaumatoT mZime, me mgonia
es ver gamoakeTebs saqmes. imitom, rom Tu ki Cven vcnobT saWirod, zo­
gierT SemTxvevaSi, swored danaSaulis Cadenis dros dapatimrebuli
iyos vinme, Cven swored unda ganvacxadoT _ unda CamovTvaloT. ra da­
naSaulobisTvis SeiZleba iyos dapatimrebuli. radganac es ar aris
moyvanili, radgan sakonstitucio komisiam ver moaxerxa amis moyva­
na, amitom sruliad amoSlili unda iyos dRes me-5-e muxlis SeniSvna.
me-5-Te muxli uSeniSvno unda iyos miRebuli. SeniSvna aseTia. (kiT­
xulobs). ukeTu damfuZnebel krebis wevrs danaSaulis Cadenis dros
moaswres, SeiZleba igi dapatimrebuli iqnes, rac dauyonebliv unda
ecnobos krebas.
Cven viciT, rom xSirad danaSauls sCadian, magram iseT danaSau­
lis Semdegac ki, romelsac sasjelad 20 wlis katorRa mosdevs da Ses­
aZlebelia sikvdiliT dasjac, aseT damnaSavesac ki TavdebiT an saw­
indariT uSveben cixidan. ase rom, me mgonia, Cven am deputats ar unda
mouspoT saSualeba, rom imuSaos, Tavis movaleoba aasrulos, sanam­
dis samarTali Tavis ganaCens ar gamoitans, Tuki samarTalSi mivce­
mT. SesaZlebeli aris, rom SemTxveviT romelime deputati daakavon
da samarTalSi miscen. me mgonia danaSaulis Cadenis dros es metad
gaurkveveli mcnebaa. vin iqneba, vin gamoarkvevs imas, idens Tu ara da­
naSauls deputati? danaSaulis Cadena... (ar ismis).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT xma maRla ilaparakoT.
ivane gobeCia. SesaZlebelia, rom vinme Tavis Tavs icavs, Tavis
dacvis dros isvris da kidec klavs vismes, maSin iWeren da mas sa­
Sualebas uspoben meore dRes gamocxaddes damfuZnebel krebaSi da
Tavisi movaleoba Seasrulos. maSasadame, yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom
es SeniSvna miRebuli iqnes am redaqciiT. ase rom Cven moviTxovT, rom
es SeniSvna gamoSvebuli iyos.
arseniZe: me winaaRmdegi var.
Tavmjdomare. sxva msurveli aravin aris. winadadeba gaxlavT am­
nairi. rom mTlaT amoiSalos SeniSvna. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
Tqveni daskvna.
r. arseniZe (momxsenebeli). me orive Sesworebis winaaRmdegi var,
imitom rom iuridiuli mcneba „mZime da mcire“ danaSauli gansaz­
Rvruli mcnebaa. mcire danaSaulisTvis Cveulebriv ar iWeren da dam­
naSave eqvemdebareba momrigebel mosamarTles. danaSauli aris iseTi
moqmedeba, romelic umetes nawilad eqvemdebareba sisxlis sasamarT­
los, saolqo sasamarTlos. mZime danaSauli aris iseTi, romlisTvisac
damnaSaves sastiki sasjeli moelis, iuridiulad es Zala garkveuli
sityvaa, magram am sityvis, „mZimes“, Cawera undaT aq, albad imisTvis,
rom ubralo moqalaqeebmac gaigon, rom Tu magari danaSauli ar Caid­

328
ina, ise xeli ar moekideba deputats. amas ufro, ase vsTqvaT, pedago­
giuri mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre iuridiuli da me, rogorc iuristi da
komisiis warmomadgeneli, am Sesworebas ver CavTvli aucilebel saW­
iroebad damfuZnebel krebisTvis. rac Seexeba am SeniSvnis mTlianad
amoSlas, es iseTive xasiaTis Sesworebaa, rogorc zemoT wamoyenebu­
li debuleba, rom sityvebi „Tavis movaleobis dros“, amogveSala.
swored am SeniSvnis saSvalebiT SegviZlian sruliad mouspoT admin­
istracias saSualeba Tavisi saqme gaakeTos. vsTqvaT didi boroteba
xdeba da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri monawileobas iRebs masSi, mi­
dixar rom daiWiroT, magram is iZaxis, me damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
varo da Tqven rogor SeiZleba rom mkvlels, mag. xeli ver mokidoT
danaSaulobis dros da danaSauloba ver SeaCerebinoT? ese igi es dam­
naSave ar daiWiroT? (gvazava: es danaSaulobaa!) yoveli daWera aris
dapatimreba. ar SeiZleba erTi iyos daWera da meore dapatimreba. Tu
daiWerT, sadme xom unda moaTavsoT, waiyvanoT komisariatSi da Caa­
jinoT oTaxSi, Tundac erTi saaTiT, sanam misi pirovneba gamoirkve­
va. da es iqneba dapatimreba. amitom me vambob, rom aseTi garantiebis
micema niSnavs imas, rom Cven bevrs ara-sasurvel elements mivcemT sa­
Sualebas damfuZnebeli krebis saxeliT isargeblos. es erTi.
meore, arc TviT damfuZnebeli krebis RirsebisTvis da arc kanon­
mdeblobiTi muSaobisTvis ar aris saWiro aseTi SezRudva adminis­
traciisa. adamians miuswres danaSaulis Cadenis dros da saSualeba
ar qondeT is daiWiron, nu Tu es aswevs Cvens Rirsebas? Tu romelime
wevri damfuZnebeli krebisa Caidens danaSauls da amas xels ver ax­
leb, es ar aswevs damfuZebel krebis Rirsebas. piriqiT Cven Rirsebas
aswevs is, rom arc erTi Cveni wevri ar aRmoCndes damnaSave. xolo Tu
aRmoCnda damnaSave, danaSauloba Caidina da kidevac moaswres dana­
Saulobis Cadenis dros, unda daiWiron. damfuZnebel krebis wevrs
meti moeTxoveba am mxriv, vinem Cveulebriv moqalaqes.
maSasadame ar unda wavarTvaT administratiul aparats saSuale­
ba Tavisi moqmedeba ganagrZos da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleoba. es
erTi da meore _ araviTari mizani, araviTari azri Cveni muSaobisa ar
Txoulobs, rom es kaci iyo xelSeuxebeli, Tu ki mas moaswres danaSau­
lis Cadenis dros. xolo, rom tyuil-ubralod gavanTavisuflo 130
kaci pasuxismgeblobisagan, me sruliad saWirod ar mimaCnia. amitom me
winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. ori Sesworeba gaxlavT: erTi is, rom Caematos si­
tyva „mZime“. jer kenWs uyri pirvel Sesworebas. vin aris momxre am
Sesworebisa? maSasadame miRebulia. vin aris momxre meore Seswore­
bisa, romelic amnairia (kiTxulobs): amoiSalos mTlad me-5-e muxlis
SeniSvna. vin aris winaaRmdegi? umravlesoba. maSasadame es Sesworeba
uaryofilia. exla saerTod vuyri kenWs meore muxls. vin aris winaaRm­
degi mexuTe muxlisa? vin aris momxre? maSasadame miRebulia. gTxovT
waikiTxoT Semdegi.

329
r. arseniZe (kiTxulobs meeqvse muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meeqvse muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe (s. d.). social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadade­
bas iZleva sityva kanonierad iqnes amoSlili, radganac Tavis Tavad
igulisxmeba, rom aq aris laparaki kanonier dapatimrebaze. rac Seex­
eba ukanono dapatimrebas, es Tavis-Tavad igulisxmeba, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri ganTavisuflebuli unda iyos.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. daskvna
momxsenebelisa. gTxovT.
r. arseniZe. me araferi ar maqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom es sityva am­
oiSalos, amiT araviTari azri ar Seicvleba. albaT Tu ukanonod aris
dapatimrebuli miT umetes unda ganTavisufldes damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri. amnairad am sityvis amoSla komisiis azrs da Sexedulobas
ar ewinaaRmdegeba.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom meeqvse muxlidan amoiSalos
sityva „kanonierad.“ miRebulia. Semdegi.
arseniZe. (kiTxulobs) meSvide muxls.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? aravis. vin aris
momxre am muxlisa? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT merve muxli.
r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs merve muxls.)
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva merve muxlis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuT­
vnis kirile niniZes.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) es muxli ar aris rogorRac naTeli.
dRemde arsebuli kanonebi icavden moxeleebis uflebas kerZo
pirebisagan. sisxlis samarTlis debulebaSi aris muxli, specialuri,
romelic aRniSnavda sasjels im danaSaulobisTvis, romelsac kerZo
pirebi Caidendnen maSindel saxelmwifo saTaTbiros da saxelmwifo
sabWos wevrebis winaaRmdeg da iq ganmartebaSi naTqvamia, rom isi­
ni gaTanasworebulni arian Tanamdebobis pirebTan. Tu ra sasjeliT
daisjeba Tanamdebobis piri, amis Sesaxeb kanonSi ar aris naTqvami. da
es specialuri dekreti sworeT exeba imas, Tu rogor unda iyos dac­
uli damfuZnebel krebis wevris pirovneba ara moqalaqeTagan, aramed
umTavresad Tanamdebobis pirTagan. amis Sesaxeb Cven gvaqvs kanoni,
miRebuli parlamentis mier 31 ianvars. ai am kanonSi aris gansazRvru­
li, aRniSnuli is sasjeli, romliTac daisjeba TanamdebobiTi piri,
ukeTu is Seuracyofas miayenebs kerZo pirs.
radganac am dekretiT miRebulia mxedvelobaSi gansakuTrebiT
damfuZnebel krebis wevris imunitetis gansazRvra, amitom social-­
demokratiuli fraqcia saWirod sTvlis aRniSnos aq sasjeli. da ami­
tom Semoaqvs am, axal kanonSi amisTana Sesworeba merve muxlisa. unda
iyos ase (kiTxulobs).
„am dekretis darRvevisaTvis damnaSave daisjeba saqarTvelos
parlamentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis 1, 11 da 12 m.m. ZaliT (ix.

330
kanonTa da mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebuli 1919 w. martis 12-s #5
naw. pirveli) aRniSnuli sasjelis gadidebiT oris xarisxiT.“
raJden arseniZe. (momxsenebeli) am formiT, romliTac aris aq
miRebuli merve muxli. es sasjeli ganisjeba sasjelTa debulebis im
muxlis sekundiT, romelic exeba ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi,
sabWoSi da senatSi arCeul wevrebs. aq aris sasjelad dawesebuli
dapatimreba, cixeSi Casma, Rirsebis ayra, vinaidan iq deputatis xelis
Semxeblis sasjeli gaTanasworebulia moxeleebis SeuracyofisTvis
dadebul sasjelTan. parlamentis mier 31 ianvars miRebul kanonSi me­
TerTmete da meTormete muxlSi ki umTavresad aris sasjelad dadebu­
li dapatimreba. ase rom Tu am sasjels or xarisxiT gavadidebT mainc
imave sasjels miviRebT, rogorc gansazRvrulia, komisiis mier miRe­
bul muxliT. ase, rom sasjelis raodenoba Sedarebis mixedviT ar aRe­
mateba komisiis mier ganzraxul sasjels.
amitom me mgonia SesaZlebelia, am Sesworebis miReba. amiT sasjels
ufro konkretiuli xasiaTi eqneba da aRar gamoiwvevs sasamarTloSi
raime gaugebrobas.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame Sesworeba gaxlavT aseTi (kiTxulobs)
„am dekretis darRvevisaTvis damnaSave daisjeba saqarTvelos parla­
mentis 1919 w. ianvris 31-s kanonis 1, 11 da 12 m. m. ZaliT. (ix. kanonTa da
mTavrobis gankargulebaTa krebuli 1919 w. martis 12-s #5, dan. pir­
veli) aRniSnul sasjelis gadidebiT „oris xarisxiT.“ vin aris momx­
re am Sesworebisa? miRebulia. surs vinmes damateba? Tqven damateba
gsurT? (WavWaniZe: diax.)
ivane WavWaniZe. (s. d.) social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadade­
bas iZleva, rom am dekretSi iyos Setanili me-9 muxlad Semdegi. (kiT­
xulobs) „dekreti ese Sedis ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel kre­
bis mier.“
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
r. arseniZe. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am damatebisa? es damateba miRebulia.
exla kenWs uyri mTlad kanonproeqts. vin aris winaaRmdegi am
kanonproeqtisa? vin aris momxre? maSasadame, kanonproeqti miRebu­
lia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi. kanonproeqti saxelmwifo xazinis Semosavlis
gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis miRebisa. sityva ekuTvnis onia­
Svils.

331
kanonproeqti xazinis Semosavlis gasaZliereblad
zogierTi zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb.

daviT oniaSvili. kanonproeqti xazinis Semosavlis gasaZliereb­


lad zogierT zomebis miRebis Sesaxeb.
es kanonproeqti gamowveuli aris finansiuri krizisiT, romel­
sac ganicdis Cveni axalgazrda respublika.
yvelam kargad icis, rom Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso omma saSineli
krizisi gamoiwvia TiTqmis yvela qveynebSi. es krizisi ufro sagrZno­
beli Seiqna iseT patara saxelmwifosTvis, rogorc aris Cveni res­
publika. Cvens patara xelmwifos auarebeli xarjebi aqvs, Semosavlis
wyaro ki Zalian mcire. ai es garemoeba iwvevs mudmiv qronikul di­
ficits, romelic Tan sdevs Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas. Cven rom
iseT saxelmwifoSi vcxovrobdeT, romelsac Tavisi mtkice gadasaxa­
debis sistema SeumuSavebia, SeiZleboda am krizisidan sul advilad
Tavis daxweva saxelmwifos gadasaxadebis gadidebiT.
ase iqceva magaliTad inglisi. sakmarisi aris iq gadasaxadebis
gadideba erTi-ori pensiT TviTeul girvanqa sterlingze, rom um­
alve mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Semovides ramdenime milioni girvanqa
sterlingi da amiT daifaros saxelmwifoebrivi deficiti.
ai aseTi elastiuri Tvisebisa aris gadasaxadebis sistema dasav­
leT evropaSi. magram radganac Cven ar gvaqvs aseTi saxelmwifoebrivi
sistema, SeuZlebelia aseTi normaluri wesiT finansiuri krizisis
Tavidan acileba. ara Cveulebrivi mdgomareoba moiTxovs Cvengan ara
Cveulebriv zomebis miRebas. romel sagnebze unda gavrceldes es ax­
ali egreT wodebuli erTdrouli gadasaxadi?
saRi da demokratiuli mosazreba gveubneba, rom gadasaxadebi
unda gadiddes Semosavlis kvalobis mixedviT, magram Cven iseT dros
vcxovrobT, rom am Semosavlis gaTvaliswineba yovlad SeuZlebeli
xdeba. Cveni qveyana, saerTod Zalian Raribi aris, kapitalis mxriv.
dRes kapitali spekuliaciis qselSia gabmuli, da veraviTari saxel­
mwifoebrivi Zala ver miagnebs mis bnel kunWulebs. am kanonis ZaliT
sagrZnoblad gadidebulia sasarewavo, samrewvelo, saTamasuqo da
saRerbo gadasaxadebi. magram miuxedavad amisa aseTi gaorkecebuli
da gasamkecebuli gadasaxadic bevrs verafers SesZens Cven xazinas.
SeiZleba am gziT Semovides xazinaSi sul sami-oTxi milioni. man. Cven
saxelmwifos _ ki gacilebiT meti fuli esaWiroeba.
maSasadame, darCa Semosavlis erTad erTi wyaro _ uZravi qoneba
soflad. miwa _ dRevandel pirobebSi umTavresi wyaroa xazinis Se­
mosavlis gasaZliereblad. puris da simindis fasebTan erTad Zalian
gaizarda miwis Semosavali. arsebul kanonis mixedviT dRevandeli
miwis gadasaxadi udris daaxlovebiT wminda Semosavlis 30%. es Semo­
savali kanoniT navaraudevi iyo, magal. tfilisis gub. 1 m. – 14 m.-dis.
Tu Tqven miiRebT mxedvelobaSi im Semosavals, romelsac dRes miwa

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iZleva soflad, rasakvirvelia, advilad warmoidgenT, rom Zveli ga­
dasaxadebis datoveba miwaze dRevandel pirobebSi yovlad SeuZle­
belia. Tumca kanoniT, 3% miRebuli, magram faqtiurad gamodis 1/100
Semosavlisa. maSasadame saWiro aris sxvanair sistemis SemuSaveba da
Secvla Zveli wesebisa. erTdrouli gadasaxadi Zirian-fesvianad scv­
lis Zvel angariSebs da Semosavals miwaze.
am kanon-proeqts sxvaTa Soris, Tan axlavs ramdenime cxrili. aq
aris gaTvaliswinebuli Tu ra Semosavals iZleva dRes miwa. me nebas
mivcem Cem Tavs erTi ori magaliTi mogiyvanoT am cxrilebidan. miwa
am cxrilebis mixedviT dayofili aris ramdenime kategoriad: maRali,
saSualo da dabal xarisxisa. maRali xarisxis sarwyavi miwa iZleva
sul Semosavals _ 8710 maneTs. Tu am Semosavals gamovaklebT xarjebs
TviTeul desetinaze gaweuls _ 1175 m., miviRebT wminda Semosavals _
7535 m. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT zogierT adgilebSi miwis dasven­
ebas, maSin es Semosavali Semcirdeba _ 5000 man-dis. (7535x2/3=5.000).
sxva da sxva mazraSi am kanonis ZaliT TviTeul desetina miwaze
dawesebulia erTdrouli gadasaxadi Semosavlis kvalobaze. magal.
Tbilisis mazraSi erTdrouli gadasaxadi sarwyav miwaze _ 1 desetin.
dabal adgilebSi udris 120 man. borCalos mazraSi _ 150 m. TianeTis
mazraSi _ 60 m. da sxva. Semdeg es gadasaxadi unda gamravldes imisda
mixedviT, Tu ravdenia miwa ama Tu soflis sazogadoebaSi, mazraSi
da bolos mTel respublikaSi. amis gamoangariSeba daaxlovebiT Ses­
aZlebelia, radganac miwis raodenoba aRniSnulia saadgil-mamulo
wignebSi. am angariSiT erTdroul gadasaxadidan unda Semovides
Cvens xazinaSi 70 milioni maneTi.
rac Seexeba gadasaxadis akrefis wess, unda mogaxsenoT amis Ses­
axeb Semdegi: saerTo finansiur mecnierebam icis sxva da sxva wesebi
gadasaxadis akrebisa. idealuri wesi saxelmwifoebriv gadasaxadebis
akrebisa imaSi mdgomareobs, rom saxelmwifo aparati personalu­
rad dauaxlovdes moqalaqes. kargad ganviTarebulma da mowyobilma
saxelmwifom unda zedmiwevniT icodes vis ramdeni SeZleba aqvs, rom
imisda mixedviT dabegros TviTeuli moqalaqe. CvenSi aseTi idealu­
ri wesebis ganxorcieleba jer-jerobiT SeuZlebelia, radganac Cve­
ni saxelmwifo exla idgams fexs. erTdrouli gadasaxadi gaewereba
soflis sazogadoebas da Semdeg igi TiTon anawilebs gadasaxads Ta­
vis wevrTa Soris, imisda mixedviT, Tu vis ramdeni SeZleba aqvs. amis
Sesaxeb soflis sazogadoeba adgens oqms, romelsac ganixilavs da
Seasworebs kanonis mxriv, Tu saWirod dainaxavs, saTanado xarkis am­
krebi inspeqtori.
erTdroul gadasaxadis asakrebad blankebis miwera yvelas, so­
flebSi kacebis gagzavna, xarjis amkreb inspeqtoris wasvla-mosvla,
yvela es rasakvirvelia moiTxovs did xarjebs. am saqmisTvis sabiuje­
to komisiam saWirod scno gaRebul iqnes saxelmwifo xazinidan 75.000
maneTi. dasasrul unda mogaxsenoT oriode sityva imis Sesaxeb, rom

333
am kanonis miRebiT unda gauqmebul iyos 1919 w. ganmavlobaSi yvela
gadasaxadebi miwaze.
amasTanave uqmdeba sabegro gadasaxadi miwaze, romelic udrida
Semosavlis 15%. erTdrouli gadasaxadi ar vrceldeba tyeebze da
saZovar adgilebze. romelic ukve gadavida saxelmwifos xeli, me min­
da kidev Tqveni yuradReba mivaqcio miwebis kanonier Sefasebas, ro­
melic saWiro aris baJebis gamosaangariSeblad mamulis gadacemis
dros erTi piridan meoreze.
miwis kanonieri Sefaseba arsebul Zveli kanoniT udris 1.50 k. 1
desetinaze, radganac amiT saxelmwifos didi zarali mosdis, saWiroa
gadiddes miwis kanonieri Sefaseba.
am kanons darTuli aqvs nusxa, romelsac mogaxsenebT kanonis mux­
lobriv ganxilvis dros.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Tedo
Rlonts.
Tedo Rlonti (s. f.) es kanon-proeqti soc.-feder. fraqciam Zalian
gvian miiRo, amitom fraqciis safinanso komisias es kanon-proeqti ar
ganuxilavs ise, rogorc moiTxovda interesi am kanon-proeqtisa.
magram fraqciis azriT, am kanonis cxovrebaSi gatarebiT ar Sei­
Zleba didi gavlena ar daaCndes rogorc vaWroba-mrewvelobas, ise
soflis meurneobis mdgomareobas. ai am mxriv saWiro aris ramden­
ime SeniSvna gaukeTdes am kanon-proeqts. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom um­
Tavresi safuZveli Cveni respublikisa aris vaWar-mrewvelobis da
soflis meurneobis ganviTareba.
yovelgvari kanon-proeqti, romelic iyo miRebuli parlamentis
mier da iqneba miRebuli aq da cxovrebaSi gatarebuli, umTavresad
is azri unda hqondes da aqvs, rom ganviTardes mwarmoebeli Zala
Cvens qveyanaSi.
dRemdisin ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da mis Semdegac roca ga­
mocxadda damoukidebeli Cveni respublika, amdeni xnis ganmavloba­
Si Cven SegviZlia vsTqvaT, rom saqarTvelos vaWroba-mrewvelobis
ganviTareba ver moxerxda, miuxedavad imisa, rom aris mTeli rigi
iseTi proeqtebisa, Tu rogor moxerxdes vaWroba-mrewvelobis ganvi­
Tareba. arc erTi es proeqti imdenad ar aris miRebuli da cxovreba­
Si gatarebuli, rom gamoiwvios sameurneo kulturuli ganviTareba
Cvens mxareSi. Cven vfiqrobT, rom es kanon-proeqti kidev ramdenimed
xels SeuSlis rogorc qalaqis ise soflis ekonomiurs ganviTare­
bas, kulturuls da kidev sxva da sxva dargSi. aq momxsenebelma ufro
dawvrilebiT ar ilaparaka, magram SeiZleba es man moaxerxos sxva
dros, maSin rodesac muxlobriv iqneba ganxiluli kanon-proeqti. Cven
ar SegviZlian ar aRvniSnoT is garemoeba, is mdgomareoba, romelSiac
Caayenebs vaWroba-mrewvelobis klass es kanon-proeqti. Tqven mogex­
senebaT savaWro-samrewvelo dawesebulebani arian dabegruli Sem­
deg nairad: isini ixdian erT ZiriTad samrewvelo gadasaxads, Semdeg

334
damatebiTi samrewvelo gadasaxads da Semdeg gadasaxads sargebel­
ze. yvela gadasaxadebi Seadgenen daaxlovebiT maqsimums 90%-s, aris
70%, aris 30% gadasaxadis Semosavlisa, magram iseTi SemTxvevac aris,
rodesac ixdian mogebis 90%. es aRniSnuli aris ganmartebaSi, TviT
kanon-proeqtis ganmartebiT baraTSi. ase rom ukve savaWar-mrewvelo
klasis udidesi nawili ixdis Semosavlis 90%-s xazinis sasargeblod.
aSkaraa erTi, roca aseTi mdgomareoba aris Seqmnili, veraviTar al­
Ros ver gauRviZebT mwarmoebelT, rom am pirobebSi am wreebma Seqmnan
rame, rom savaWro-mrewvelobis mdgomareoba gaaumjobeson. ase rom
aseTi mdgomareobis dacva, am mdgomareobis xazgasma da misi ufro ga­
dideba sxva da sxva TanxiT, ZiriTad Tanxebze gadasaxadebis gadideba
SeuZlebelia, es kidev ufro xels SeuSlis, rom CvenSi daarsdes, Cven­
Si gaCndes sxva da sxva dawesebuleba, romelic gamoiwvevs sawarmoo en­
ergiis ganviTarebas. ueWvelia Cemi msmeneli gulisxmobs da fiqrobs:
radganac soc.-federalistebis warmomadgeneli laparakobs, es imas
niSnavs, rom es gadasaxadi iqnes Semcirebuli, raTa am sferoSi alRo
iqnes gaCenili, romlis mixedviT kerZo vaWrebi da mrewvelebi gaaSen­
eben fabrikebs, qarxnebs da sxva. ai obieqturi mdgomareoba sasargeb­
lo vaWrebisa, sasargeblo mrewvelebisa unda Seqmnan iseTi, rom maT
saSualeba mieceT vaWroba-mrewveloba gaaCaRon.
me minda, vidre loRikur daskvnas gamovitandeT, meore mxares
Sevexo.
Tu ki gadasaxadebis mxriv aris uxerxul mdgomareobaSi vaWroba-­
mrewveloba Cayenebuli, Sromis mxriTac aris es vaWroba-mrewvelo­
ba uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Cayenebuli. Cven vambobdiT, yovelTvis
vambobdiT, rogorc parlamentSi, ise yovelgan da dResac vambobT:
roca ase uyurebT vaWroba-mrewvelobas, maSin saTanado politika
unda vawarmooT muSaTa sakiTxis sferoSiac. Cven erTgvar uflebebs
vaZlevT muSebs Sromis sferoSi, xelfasis gansazRvris dargSi. raki
aseT uflebebs vaZlevT muSebs da roca ase vaviwrovebT mrewvelebs,
maSin Cven vambobT, rom arc erTi mrewveli ar mova saqarTveloSi.
isini ityvian, raki amtkicebT aseT gadasaxadebs, aseT pirobebSi; Cven
TqvenTan ar vimuSavebT. Tu warmodgenili gaqvT, ro Cven SegviZlia
risime Seqmna mrewvelobis mxriT, Cven es mrewveloba ar SevqmeniT,
vaWroba-mrewveloba iseT mdgomareobaSia CvenSi, rom aravin ar modis
CvenSi da arc erT dargs mrewvelobisas ar anviTarebs. Cven vambobT;
ar unda iyos iseTi mdgomareoba, iseTi obeqtiuri pirobebi, romlis
mixedviT Cven ar SegviZlia winsvla. Cven vambobT: „saxelmwifos Zala
gadasaxadebSi ki ar aris, saxelmwfos Zala ekonomiur kulturul gan­
vTarebaSia“. raki imisi momxreni varT, rom mrewveloba ganviTardes
amisTvis saxelmwifos xelSi ueWvelad unda gadavides mrewveloba,
Cven vambobT, rom Tu gindaT am mrewvelobis ganviTareba, saxelm­
wifo socialistur politikur gzas unda daadges am muSaTa inter­
esebis dasacavad, misi mdgomareobis gasaumjobesablad, _ es SeiZle­

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ba mxolod maSin, rodesac aris ara kaptalizmis alRo umTavresad
prevaliuri xasiaTisa Cvens mrewvelobaSi, aramed rodesac TviTon
saxelmwifo, an saxelmwifos dawesebuleba, an sazogadoebrivi dawe­
sebuleba, an erobebi hqvian am vaWroba-mrewvelobas, rodesac saxelm­
wifo qmnis mrewvelobas, maSin SeiZleba moxdes SeTanxmeba muSaTa md­
gomareobis da saxelmwifo mdgomareobis Soris. Torem, rodesac Cven
vtovebT vaWroba-mrewvelobaSi aseT princips, romelsac adgia dRes
Cveni mTavroba, SeuZlebelia ganvaviTaroT kapitalisturi mrewve­
loba. muSaTa kanonmdebloba da gadasaxadebis sistema ewinaaRmdgege­
ba kapitalistur meurneobas. aq an erTi unda miviRoT, an meore. Cven
ver uarvyofT socialistur politikas muSaTa sakiTxSi, amitom am
politikis dacva SegviZlia mxolod saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoe­
briv meurneobis dros, rodesac mTavroba spekuliatiur sagnebiT ki
ar iqneba gamsWvaluli, aramed sazogadoT ekonomiuri cxovrebis aR­
dgeniT da kulturiT.
es gadasaxadebic mimarTulia isedac Caklul mrewvelobis Casa­
RrCobad, amitom socialist-federalistTa fraqcia am gadasaxadis,
Tu is gadaiqceva gadasaxadebis sistemad _ winaaRmdegia. am gadasaxa­
debis, rogorc erTdroul gadasaxadisa, miReba SeiZleba; vimeoreb,
rogorc erTdroul gadasaxadisa, magram Cven viciT, yvelgan aris
precendenti, erTdrouli gadasaxadi xdeba xolme mudmiv gadasaxa­
daT. maSasadame es ufro maSinebs. maSin rodesac soflis meurneobaSi
gansakuTrebiT miwis gadasaxadze Semodis axali saxelmwifoebrivi
gadasaxadebi, SeiZleba ese iTqvas, rom es erTdrouli gadasaxadi ga­
daiqces safuZvlad samudamo gadasaxadis sistemisa.
Cven vambobT, rom am sistemis, am xasiaTis gadasaxadebi ar darCes,
Cven xazs usvamT imitom, rom viciT, rom es aris erTdrouli gadasaxa­
di, magram ra ki precedenti aris Zalian mravali, rom erTdrouli
gadasaxadi xdeboda xSirad ara erTdroul gadasaxadaT, Tu es ese
moxda, rom es erTdrouli gadasaxadi gadaiqceva mudmiv gadasaxadaT,
es mospobs yovelgvar kulturas. exla me minda Sevexo sakiTxis meore
mTavar mxareebs, mogaxsenebT oriode azri vaWar-mrewvelobis mdgo­
mareobis Sesaxeb. exla ganvixiloT mdgomareoba soflad. Cven vxedavT
Zalian sayuradRebo movlenas. Cven viciT, rom sameurneo terito­
ria gafarTovda, Cveni saxelmwifo mets iRebs miwidan exla, vidre
es iyo 1916-1917, an da 1912 wels. aSkaraa maSin, rodesac TvalsaCi­
no araferi gakeTebula vaWar-mrewvelebis mxriT, sofelSi ki raRac
keTdeba. rasakvirvelia SeiZleba xomerikma ifiqros, es imitom xde­
ba, rom Cven reformebi gavatareT. rasakvirvelia xomeriki scdeba da
Secdebian isini, vinc ese fiqroben. es xdeba imitom rom aq momqmedi
Zala aris wminda ekonomiuri motivebis, da ara is reforma romel­
ic aris gatarebuli, da romelsac Cvens sofelSi arev darevis meti
araferi moutania. radganac vaWar-mrewvelebi xedaven, rom qalaqSi
ar SeiZleba araviTar seriozul saqmeebis warmoeba, maSin kapital­

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isturi klasi, sxva elementic, inteligenciac, romelsac mcireodeni
Tanxa gaaCnia ueWvelad srulad midis, fiqroben rogorme daimuSavon
zedmeti qceva miwisa, Tavisuflad imitom rom, Tavisufalia gadasaxa­
debisagan, aReb micema ar aris dabegrili, kapitalistis mdgomare­
obis Seqmna sofelSi qmnis im obeqtiur mdgomareobas, rom soflad
meti miwa damuSavdes, es aris umTavresi safuZveli rom kapitali iq
midis da amuSavebs ese Tu ise. me vici bevri magaliTi, vicnob bevr mu­
Sas, romelic iq msaxurobs, da im dros roca aq msaxuroben soflad
gzavnian ojaxs, da Tavis patara TanxiT raRacas akeTeben, imitom rom
gacilebiT met Semosavals iZleva soflis meurneoba. ra aris es? Ce­
mis azriT aseTi mdgomareobidan erTad erTi axsna imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom ar Seiqmnas soflaT iseTi mdgomareoba, rogoric am qalaqSi, rom
ar SevaSinoT gadasaxadebis mxriv xalxi da maTSi sxva alRo ar daiba­
dos. es xelsayreli mdgomareoba romelSiac aris Cayenebuli sofeli
gadasaxadebis mxriv ar unda davarRvioT. ganviTareba meurneobisa
erTad erTi wyaro aris romelic acocxlebs Cven respublikas. wasul
wels Cven Semosavali ar gvqonda kargi, imitom rom iyo mTeli rigi
simSilis wlebisa. mxolod 1918 miwis mosavalma Seavso, is rac aklda
Cvens damSeul wlebs, wels Tu miviReT Cven kargi mosavali, mxolod
es mosavali mogvcemes iseT saxsars, iseT suraTs, romelic bazarze
gamoitans saqonels. amitomaa spekuliacias sofelSi adgili ar aqvs,
xalxi inaxavs Tavis sakuWnaoSi raime „zapass,“ xolo bazarze, roca
ufro xelsayreli mdgomareoba iqneba da mosavali mova, maSin gamoi­
tanos bazarze. magram aseTi xelsayreli mdgomareoba, romelic ar­
sebobda winad, ueWvelia moispoba, Tu aseT gadasaxadebs daudevT sa­
fuZvlad Cveni ekonomiur politikas.
aq aris nusxa, Tu rogor Semosavals iZleva miwa, aq naangariSe­
vi aris, rom TiTeuli desetina miwa tfilisis guberniaSi iZleva
120 fuT xorbals, quTaisis guberniaSi kidev ufro mets, imave dros
erTi fuTi simindi dafasebuli aris 120 man. me ar vici ramdenad es
Seefereba sinamdviles, amis Sesaxeb arafers ar vambob. unda vsTqvaT,
rom miwis Semosavali desetinaze udris saSualod 3000 maneTs. me ga­
movdivar Semdeg debulebidan: Tu ki Cveni norma Seadgens 7 des., ro­
gorc es mTavrobas surda, Tu ki Cven miviRebT am debulebas da normas
7 desetinas, mis Semosavals, davinaxavT, rom saSualod miwa miscems
meurnes 15.000 man. am 15.000 maneTidan saSualo SeZlebis glexma 3%
mixedviT unda gadaixados 490 man., magram Tu ki avwevT kidev, es iqne­
ba 750 man. 5% mixedviT, rogorc es iyo aRniSnuli momxseneblis mier.
maSasadame saSualo glexi, romelic moaxerxebs da daimuSavebs 5 de­
setinas, maSin unda gamovarTvaT 750 man. ra aris es 750 man. araferi ar
aris, es advili ariso, magram me ase ar uyureb. Cven unda SevxedoT ara
ricxvs am maneTebisas, aramed am maneTis Rirebulobas. ubedureba Cve­
ni imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am maneTs is mniSvneloba ara aqvs, romelsac
es TviTon cifrebi gamoxataven. am 750 man. gadaxda mZime aris maSin­

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ac, rodesac glexs aqvs Semosavali 45.000 maneTi. imitom, rom am fu­
liT SeuZlian iyidos glexs 50 fuTi gamomcxvari puri, Zafi SeuZlian
iyidos tfilisSi 50 maneTis. maSasadame unda uyuroT am maneTs ara
maneTis TvalsazrisiT, aramed am fuTebis yidvis TvalsazrisiT. Tu ki
SevxedavT am yidvis TvalsazrisiT, unda vsTqvaT, rom gadasaxadi 750
man. mZime aris, imitom vambob, rom es gadasaxadi ueWvelia gamoiwvevs
erTgvar gaugebrobas da ukmayofilebas soflad. Cven geubnebodiT,
rodesac miwas yiddiT, miwas ar iyidiano, exla vxedavT, miwebis gayid­
va daiwyo, magram miwas xalxi ar yidulobs. ra mosazrebiT, es sul er­
Tia, magram gasayid miwebs ar yiduloben. es gadasaxadebi sxva damok­
idebulebas gamoamJRavnebs saxelmwifos da Cven Soris. amitom vambob,
rom es safuZveli Cven pirobebSi Seqmnis alRos, romelic kapitals
gandevnis soflidan.
ai amitom Cven vemxrobiT am kanonproeqts mxolod erTi mosazre­
biT, saxelmwifos ukidures gasaWiris gamo da im mosazrebiT, rom es
aris erTdrouli gadasaxadi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda gadai­
qces rogorc mudmivi sistema gadasaxadebisa.
amasTanave Tan darTuli aqvs faruli gadasaxadi, amazed arafers
vilaparakeb, imitom, rom gadasaxadebiT saxelmwifo ver mogvardeba.
saWiroa farTo socialuri politika soflis meurneobaSi da qalaqis
meurneobaSic. saxelmwifom TviTon unda aiRos ekonomiuri cxovre­
bis saWe da moagvaros rogorc saWiro aris. es gamoiwvevs ekonomiuri
cxovrebis ganviTarebas, rac finansiurad gaajansaRebs saxelmwifos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis finansTa ministrs.
finansTa ministri kandelaki. batonebo, is gadasaxadi, romelic
Tqven exla unda ganixiloT, erTad erTi didi gadasaxadia, romelic
Tqven warmogidgaT gansaxilvelad. Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi im fi­
nansiur mdgomareobas, romelsac Cven ganvicdiT exla, saxelmwifos
aRmaSeneblobis dros, Tavis Tavad igulisxmebT, rom marTlac saWiro
aris ara Cveulebrivi zomebi, ara Cveulebrivi gadasaxadebi. magram
me mainc unda aRviaro, rom is araCveulebrioba warmodgenil ga­
dasaxadebis, romelic aq xazgasmiT aRniSnes da romlis Sesaxeb isic
ki sTqves, rom igi ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevso, Zlier gadametebu­
li aris; da amas Tqven naTlad dainaxavT, rodesac gaecnobiT im ci­
frebs, romelic Seexeba am gadasaxadebs, roca analizs gaukeTebT da
SeadarebT im cifrebs ara qaRaldis fuls, aramed puris, saqonlis,
Rirebulobas, romelSiac unda gamoixatos bolos da bolos yoveli
fuli da yoveli gadasaxadi.
marTalia, Tu Cven winandel gadasaxadebs aviRebT, jami warmod­
genili gadasaxadebisa Zalian didi aris; ase, miwaze gadasaxads winad
Semosavali mohqonda daaxlovebiT erT milionamde, dRes ki aq gamo­
angariSebuli aris, rom gadasaxadi miwaze unda avides saerTo jamiT
samocdaaT milionamde. marTalia, es didi cifria, magram upirveles
yovlisa Tqven unda miiRoT mxedvelobaSi is wesi, romelic dadge­

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nili iyo winad miwaze gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb. amas garda, rac Tavis
Tavad igulisxmeba, Tu saxelmwifom gadasaxadebiT unda dafaros Ta­
visi xarjebi, aucileblad saWiro aris Cven angariSi gauwioT TviT
socialur Semadgenlobas saxelmwifosas: miwad-mflobelobis qvey­
anaSi, uaRresad rasac Cveni samSoblo warmoadgens, ar SeiZleba ga­
dasaxadebis sistema aSendes vaWroba-mrewvelobaze.
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom winandeli kanonmdebloba, ro­
melic dRemdis darCa safuZvlad miwaze gadasaxadisa, msxvil mi­
waT-mflobelTa xelSi iyo, xolo mwarmoebelni, rasakvirvelia, iseT
kanons ar gaatarebden, rom maT miwadmflobelobas, maT Semosavals
bevri gadasaxadi dadeboda. am b-n momxsenebeloma ukve aRniSna, miwis
Semosavali winaT gamoangariSebuli iyo erT maneTidan ToTxmet man­
eTamde desetinaze da am Semcirebul Semosavlidan oTx naxevar pro­
cents iRebden. Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, rom es sistema dRes miuRe­
belia, miuRebelia miT ufro, rom Rirebuloba maneTisa Zalian daeca.
Tu Cven gadavitanT im gadasaxadebs, romelic aq aris dasaxelebuli,
swored purze, sworeT sanovageze, Tqven dainaxavT, rom desetinaze
gadasaxadi aRwevs erT fuTs an yovel SemTxvevaSi fuT naxevars purs.
aq aRniSnuli iyo, rom vaWar-mrewvelobasac Zalian didi gadasaxa­
di daadeviT, ris gamo ueWvelad mrewveloba ar ganviTardeba Cven­
Sio, gansakuTrebiT Tu mxedvelobaSi miviReT, rom muSaTa klasi did
moTxovnilebas adgens xolme, romelsac Tqven mxars uWerTo. upirve­
les yovlisa, unda mogaxsenoT, rom aq albaT SecdomiT iyo aRniSnuli,
TiTqos ganmartebiTi baraTSic ki naTqvamia, rom vaWroba-mrewvelobas
ukve vaxdevinebT 90 proc. Semosavlisas. es ar aris marTali. gadasaxa­
di vaWar-mrewvelobaze sazogadoT aris: egreT wodebuli ZiriTadi
sarewavo gadasaxadi, damatebiTi sarewavo gadasaxadi, Semosavlis
kvalobaze da gadasaxadi zedmet mogebaze. es ukanaskneli SemoRebu­
li iyo omis dros, egred wodebuli gadasaxadi „сверх-прибыль“-ze. ai
mxolod es „сверх-прибыль“-i, es zedmeti mogeba, mogeba ara Cveule­
brivi aris dabegrili. zogjer 80 proc. modis, xolo saSualo moge­
baze, Cveulebriv dros mogebaze ki gacilebiT naklebi gadasaxadebia;
marTalia Cven es gadasaxadebi axla gavadideT, magram maSin, rodesac
Cven Semosavlis yovel dargze vadidebT gadasaxads, gana SegviZlian
vaWar-mrewvelobaze ar gavadidoT? marTalia, vaWar-mrewveloba
dRes cotaT Tu bevrad Seviwroebuli aris, magram im farglebSic, ro­
melSiac vaWar-mrewveloba dRes swarmoebs, mogeba, Semosavali, mainc
meti aris, vidre winaT iyo, dRes aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens
gadasaxadebis gadideba; Cven vadidebT amas vaWar-mrewvelobazedac,
amas moiTxovs samarTlianoba. gadasaxadi rom rCebodes mudmiv ga­
dasaxadaT, mudmiv sistemad gadasaxadebisa, maSin am kanonproeqts
arc saxels daarqmevden „droebiTio“. diax, es aris droebiTi, dRe­
vandel pirobebis, ara Cveulebriv pirobebis da ara Cveulebriv xar­
jebis mixedviT SemoRebuli gadasaxadi. dRes yoveli moqalaqe, miT

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ufro SeZlebuli moqalaqe valdebulia erTnairi msxverpli gaiRos
saxelmwifos aRsaSeneblad. am mxriv warmodgenil gadasaxadebs didi
gasamarTlebeli sabuTi, didi safuZveli aqvs. dasavleT evropaSi omis
dros iseTi normebi iyo dawesebuli egreT wodebul „сверх-прибыль“-ze
mrewvelobaSi, rom mTeli mogeba mihqonda saxelmwifos.
aq sTqves, miwaze gadasaxadi xels SeuSlis meurneobis ganviTare­
bas soflebSi da imas cud pirobebSi Caayenebso, xolo motivirovka
iseTi gaukeTa amas damfuZnebel krebis wevrma Rlontma, romelic Ce­
mis azriT, mxolod gaugebrobaze iyo aSenebuli. me ar vfiqrob, rom
sofelSi dRes marTla iseTi pirobebi iyos, rom kapitali aqedan
soflad midiodes meurneobis gasaviTareblad. eg ase rom iyos, rom
marTla dRes soflis meurneobas kapitali etanebodes imisTvis, rom
iq maRali kulturuli meurneoba ganaviTaros, amisTvis rasakvirve­
lia xelis Sewyobaa saWiro. magram gana imiT aixsneba dRes kapitalis,
fulis sofelSi wasvla, rom soflis meurneoba ufro maRal safex­
urze sdgas da met nawarmoebs iZleva? sruliadac ara. es imiT aix­
sneba, rom qalaqis mrewveloba modunda, igi damblaT dacemulia da
eksporti kapitalisa sofelSi xdeba, fuli sofelSi midis, sofelSi
aris dagrovili imitom, rom sofeli ver poulobs saSualebas qalaq­
Si raime fabrikatebi SeiZinos da sofelSi waiRos, wesi meurneobisa
ki soflad, samwuxarod, Zveli darCa.
batonebo, angariSi unda gauwioT imas, rom saxelmwifosTvis
aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifo yovel pirobebSi moiTxovs, raTa Se­
mosavali faravdes gasavals. maSasadame sofeli, ise rogorc qalaqi,
valdebulia gadasaxadi gaiRos. diax, saWiroa, rom sofelma gaiRos
axla fuli, SeiZleba metic, vinem winaT, radgan dRes swored sofelSia
dagrovili fuli, vinaidgan igi, rogorc vsTqviT, qalaqSi fabrikatebs
veRar poulobs. da ai swored am gadasaxadebis saSualebiT moxerxdeba,
sxvaTa Soris, rom rom es fuli amowuruli iqnes da sargeblianad mox­
mardes saxelmwifos. yoveli gadasaxadi iwvevs ukmayofilebas, radgan
igi iZulebiTia da neba-yofaze ar aris aSenebuli. amisTvis aris saWiro
Zlieri saxelmwifoebrivi aparati, erTnairi iZulebiTi Zala, romlis
saSualebiT es gadasaxadebi Segrovdeba. darwmunebuli var, muxlo­
briv ganxilvaze roca gadavalT, Tqven dainaxavT, rom gadasaxadebis
nusxa sruliad ar aris gadidebuli; amas sxvaTa Soris mowmobs is gare­
moebac, rom es kanonproeqti TiTqmis 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sxva da sxva
komisiaSi muSavdeboda, jer kidev parlamentis komisia iwvevda sxva da
sxva mimarTulebis mcodne pirebs, mere damfuZnebeli krebis komisiac,
magram yovelTvis nusxa TiTqmis Seucvlelad dastoves; imasac vityvi,
rom axla safinanso komisiam SesaZleblad scno nusxa gadasaxadebisa
5%-di aewia, magram me amis winaaRmdegi var da, roca muxlobriv ganxil­
vaze gadavalT, SeZleba meqneba maSin gamovsTqva amis Sesaxeb Cemi azri.
batonebo, me vfiqrob, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT obieqtiur
pirobebs, fulis Rirebulobas, saWiroebas, romelsac ganicdis exla

340
saxelmwifo, rom gadasaxadebSi marTla samarTlianoba aris daculi,
rom xalxma unda gaiRos saxelmwifosTvis yoveli gadasaxadebi, miT
ufro iseTi gadasaxadebi, romelsac xazina moiTxovs iseT araCveu­
lebriv dros, rogoricaa TviT saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobis procesi,
dameTanxmebiT, rom kerZod da sazogadod warmodgenili gadasaxade­
bi ar aris didi da kanon-proeqti misaRebia.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli ar aris. saerTo msjelo­
ba dasrulebulia. momxsenebelis daskvna.
daviT oniaSvili. me iZulebuli var oriode sityva daumato Cems
moxsenebas.
aq wamoayenes debuleba, rom saxelmwifos Zala ekonomiur gan­
viTarebaSi ariso. es iseTi aqsiomaa, rom amis winaaRmdeg arc erTi
Segnebuli moqalaqe ar iqneba. saqme imaSia, Tu ra gziT unda ganvi­
Tardes saxelmwifos ekonomiuri Zala. me veWvob, rom im gziT, rome­
lic wamoayena b. Rlontma, SeiZlebodes saxelmwifos ekonomiuri gan­
viTareba. Tumca b. Rlonts sityva „socializacia“ ar uxmaria, magram
aSkaraa, rom mas igi miaCnia Cveni qveynis xsnad. dRes socializaciis
ganxorcieleba CvenSi, rasakvirvelia, yovlad SeuZlebelia. es aris
ubralo utopia. socializmi da socializacia iseTi advili gasa­
tarebeli rom iyos cxovrebaSi, me mgonia amas jer ganaxorcielebdnen
iseTi saxelmwifoebi da qveynebi, romelic ekonomiurad da politi­
kurad Cvenze ufro momwifebulni arian. istorias ar uyvars naxtome­
bis gakeTeba, socializacia samrewvelo dawesebulebis moiTxovs kap­
italizmis Zlier ganviTarebas. b-ma Rlontma ris socializacia unda
moaxdinos an ra unda gadasces saxelmwifos, rodesac CvenSi qarxa­
na-fabrikebi TiTebze CamoiTvleba?
maSasadame es gza aris ukuRmarTi gza, amis Sesaxeb Cven ramden­
jerme gviTqvams parlamentSi, magram miuxedavaT amisa, Cveni mowi­
naaRmdegeni mainc ubrundebian mas. kiTxva ubraloda sdgas. saWiroa
Tu ara saxelmwifosTvis gadasaxadis SemoReba? me mgonia yvela moqa­
laqe dameTanxmeba, rom Tu saxelmwifos unda Sehqmnas mtkice apara­
ti, gadasaxadebis SemoReba misTvis aucilebelia. saxelmwifos awevs
sxva da sxva xarjebi, romlis gaReba saWiroa ama Tu im moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad. marTalia erTdrouli gadasaxadis kanons aqvs
mravali nakli. mTavroba, rasakvirvelia, normalur pirobebSi ar
Semovidoda damfuZnebel krebaSi amisTana kanon-proeqtiT, magram
Cven vcxovrobT ara normalur xanaSi-da samwuxarod es ara Cveule­
brivi xana gvikarnaxebs ara Cveulebriv zomebis miRebas, ufro samar­
Tliani da mizanSewonili iqneboda, rom oratorebs wamoeyenebinaT
ufro kargi sistema gadasaxadebisa. magram isini ver Seqmnian ukeTes
sistemas dRevandel pirobebSi. imis Tqma, rom sofeli ar mogvcems am
gadasaxads, naadrevia. ar vici b. Rlonti romel sofelzed lapara­
kobs, magram me esec gamigonia sofelSi: Tqven ra mTavroba xarT, ga­
dasaxadebs ver gvaxdevinebTo!...

341
Tavmjdomare. neba miboZeT SegekiTxoT _ gsurT Tu ara gadavideT
muxlobriv ganxilvaze. unda mogaxsenoT cnobad, rom vinaidan jer
deputatebs reglamenti ar aqvT darigebuli, erTi muxli reglamen­
tisa savaldebulod miaCnia prezidiums mogaxsenoT, es gaxlavT 48
muxli: (kiTxulobs),
pirvelsa da meore ganxilvis Sua unda gavides ara nakleb Svidi
dRisa. Sesworebani da damatebani, an damatebiTi muxlebi gansaxilve­
li kanonproeqtisa unda waredginos damfuZnebeli krebis prezidi­
ums ara ugvianes sami dRisa pirveli ganxilvis Semdeg. es damatebani
da Sesworebani prezidiumis gankargulebiT gaegzavneba damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevrebs erTi dRiT mainc adre im sxdomamde. rodesac kanon­
proeqtis meore ganxilva aris daniSnuli.
prezidiumis saxeliT gTxovT, saxeSi miiRoT da Tu raime Seswore­
ba an da damateba gaqvT, droze warmoadgineT.
exla 3 saaTze meti gaxlavT. Tqven gaiziareT prezidiumis dadge­
nileba rom 3 saaTze dasrulebuli iyos kreba.
keTil inebeT da brZaneT, rogor gsurT, ganvagrZoT Tu Sevwyvi­
toT sxdoma?
vis surs sityva?
me mesmis: „ganvagrZoTo“.
keTil inebeT da brZaneT.
raJden arseniZe. me mgoni ganvagrZoT. miT umetes, rom cota ar
iyos, Cven grZeli vakaciebi gvqonda da erTi zedmeti saaTi rom vi­
muSaoT sasargeblo iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri winadadebas. vin aris momxre sxdomis
gagrZelebisa. sxdoma grZeldeba.
Semdegi gaxlavT erovnul dem. fraqciis winadadeba sagareo saqme­
Ta komisiis arCevis Sesaxeb, sityva ekuTvnis giorgi gvazavas.

erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis winadadeba sagareo


saqmeTa komisiis arCevis Sesaxeb.

giorgi gvazava. batonebo, winadadeba Cveni davas da winaaRmdego­


bas ar gamoiwvevs.
exlandel droSi ar aris iseTi saxelmwifo, romelic gamoTiSuli
iyos sazogadod saerTaSoriso ganwyobilebisagan. Tu Zvelad kidev
SeiZleboda saxelmwifos aseTi arseboba, exlandel droSi es SeuZle­
belia. aris mravalnairi interesebi politikuri, kulturuli da sxv.
da am interesebiT aris gadabmuli erTi qveyana meoreze. Cveni saxel­
mwifo exlaxan daibada da yvela es kiTxvebi rasakvirvelia jerjero­
biT ar aris mowyobili, exla es unda movawesrigoT da gadavwyvitoT.
aq aris didi samuSao da iseTi sapasuxismgeblo samuSao, romelsac
damfuZnebel krebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios, moan­

342
domos mTeli Tavisi goneba da mTeli Tavis energia, radganac amaze
aris damokidebuli TviT Cveni saxelmwifos arseboba. mivaqcev Tqven
yuradRebas Tu rogor iqcevian sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebi.
Cven am mxriv ara gvaqvs didi tradiciebi, ara gvaqvs gamocdileba,
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi aparati modunebulad muSaobs, miT ufro saW­
iro aris Cven amas didi angariSi gauwioT. sxva qveynebi, miuxedavaT
maTi mtkice saxelmwifoebriv organizaciisa, qmnian Tavisebur orga­
nos, romelsac avaleben xolme saerTaSoriso saqmis mowesrigebas.
aiReT Tu gind Sveicaria. am saxelmwifos aqvs Taviseburi pirobe­
bi. magaliTad neitraliteti Sveicariasi aRiarebuli aris saerTaSo­
risod, ise rom sagareo xifaTi imas ar moelis. magram miuxedavaT ami­
sa, mainc iq erT pirs ki ar andoben saerTaSoriso saqmeebis warmoebas,
iq aris mTeli federaluri sabWo, romelsac evaleba am kiTxvis war­
moeba da es federaluri sabWo eqvemdebareba erovnul sabWos. yvela am
sakiTxis gadawyveta xdeba pirdapir am krebis direqtivebis mixedviT.
amerikaSi aRmasrulebeli Zala Zalian Zlieri aris. miuxedavad
amisa deputatTa palata irCevs yovelTvis sagareo saqmeTa komitets,
senati, romelic aris zeda-palata, isic irCevs gansakuTrebul
komitets da am komitets evaleba Tvalyuris devna sagareo saqmeTa
warmoebisa da mowesrigebisaTvis.
safrangeTSi marTalia prezidents neba aqvs Sehkras politikuri
xelSekruloba, magram yoveli sakiTxi saerTaSoriso xasiaTisa, sad­
ac ki saWiro aris raime xarjis gaReba, an iseTi SeTanxmeba, romelic
Seexeba moqalaqeTa uflebas, unda usaTuod moxsendes da dadasture­
buli iqmnas parlamentis mier. rac Seexeba teritorialur sakiTxs,
es pirdapir akrZalulia. prezidents am mxriv araviTari ufleba ara
aqvs. teritoriis SemoerTeba, gacvla-gamocvla, an daTmoba konsti­
tuciis ZaliT ekuTvnis mxolod parlaments da swydeba mxolod kano­
nis ZaliT. maSasadame, yoveli parlamentis wevri monawileobas Rebu­
lobs am saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi.
ai am magaliTidan sCans, rom didi saxelmwifoebi gareSe saqmeTa
warmoebaSi marto ministrs ki ar emyarebian; rac unda niWieri iyos
erTi kaci, yovlad SeuZlebelia, marto misi imediT viyoT da marto
mas mivandoT mowesrigeba da mowyoba yvela am sakiTxebisa.
ai dRes aq, TbilisSi konferencia aris. aq arian Tavmoyrili
warmomadgenlebi somxeTisa, azerbeijanisa da CrdiloeT kavkasiisa.
aRZrulia bevri kiTxvebi, romlis mowesrigeba da gadawyveta unda
moxdes. maSasadame damfuZnebel krebas, me mgoni, ara aqvs zneobrivi
ufleba ganze gadges am sakiTxTa gadawyvetaSi. Cven usaTuod unda
monawileoba miviRoT. _ SeiZleba mipasuxoT, rom sul erTia, rac Se­
Tanxmeba unda moxdes, es SeTanxmeba unda dabolos mainc Semovides dam­
fuZnebel krebaSi da Cveni dasturi unda mivsceT, magram am dastur­
is micemas, am ratifikacias ara aqvs didi mniSvneloba. saqme swydeba
maSin, roca molaparakebas awarmoeben da xelSekrulebas sdeben, da

343
ara maSin, roca ratifikacia hxdeba. Cven SegviZlian mxolod ar mi­
viRoT xelSekruloba, ar mivceT Cveni dasturi. magram gana es saqmis
mowesrigeba iqneba? me mgoni ara, me mgoni es iqneba saqmis gafuWeba,
gafuWeba konferenciaze mixweul SeTanxmebisa. amiT Cveni saerTaSo­
riso mdgomareoba ufro aiweweba da ufro gamwvavdeba. maSasadame
saWiroa windawin miviRoT monawileoba molaparakebaSi, TiTon kiTx­
vis dayenebaSi, TiTon politikur mimarTulebis SemuSavebaSi. es aris
swored winaswari muSaoba diplomatiuri da politikuri. am mxiriv
damfuZnebeli kreba, Cemis azriT, valdebulia monawileoba miiRos,
Torem Tu SeTanxmeba moxda uvargisi, an SeTanxmeba ar moxda, maSin
pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan acdena da gadatana erT kaczed, me mgoni,
yovlad SeuZlebelia. garda amisa, kavkasiis respublikebisTvis bev­
ri sxva da sxva sakiTxebi ibadeba. batonebo! aq aris inglisis jari,
Cven gveqneba molaparakeba sxva saxelmwifosTanac, magaliTad safran­
geTTan, aucilebeli iqneba daWera Tavisebur ganwyobilebisa ameri­
kasTan. erTi sityviT, yovel dRes SeiZleba wamoiWras iseTi sakiTxi,
romliTac SeiZleba moxdes Cveni bedis gadawyveta. rogor SeiZleba,
rom damfuZnebel krebam TiTon ar miiRos daaxlovebuli monawileo­
ba amisTana saqmeebis warmoebaSi? ai mokleT Cemi azri. rasakvirve­
lia, mTeli krebuli monawileobas ver miiRebs. Cven SeiZleba Sevqm­
naT komiteti, rogorc amerikaSi, an komisia, rogorc Cven uwodebT
xolme. iq iqneba warmodgenili yvela fraqcia. maSin damfuZnebeli
kreba mowyvetili ar iqneba am sakiTxebs.
Tavi da Tavi istoriis da momentis moTxovnileba aris saxelmwi­
fos Sedgena da saxelmwifos Seqmna. saxelmwifos Seqmna yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia, Tu ar aris saerTaSoriso cnoba. maSasadame es swored is
sferoa, romlis mowesrigebas aqvs uaRresi mniSvneloba.
amitom Cveni winadadeba aris avirCioT komisia. Cvenis azriT sak­
marisi iqneba 10 wevri, 5 soc. dem. 2 nacion. demok. 2 soc. federaliste­
bi da 1 soc. revoliucioneri. aq warmomadgenloba iqneba daaxlovebiT
proporcionaluri. aq komisias unda davavaloT axlo monawileoba
miiRos saerTaSoriso sakiTxebis mowyobaSi da mis mowesrigebaSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs fircxalaiSvils.
ilia fircxalaiSvili. (s. d.) social demokratiuli fraqcia Ta­
naxma aris, rom arCeuli iqnes sagareo saqmeTa komisia, da Cveni azriT,
sakmarisia, rom am komisiaSi iqnes arCeuli 8 kaci.
am komisias unda hqondes droebiTi xasiaTi manam, sanam muSaobs kon­
ferencia aq. da Semdeg Tu aRmoCnda da davinaxavT, rom es komisia saW­
iro aris, maSin sxva winadadeba iqneba, maSin SeiZleba sxva komisia avir­
CioT. es komisia unda iyos 8 kacisagan Semdgari. Cven vasaxelebT 5-s.
Tavmjdomare. msurveli sxva aravin aris. winadadeba aris, rom
sagareo komisia iyos arCeuli. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. maSasa­
dame miRebulia. pirveli winadadebaa, rom sagareo saqmeTa komisia
10 kacisagan iyos Semdgari. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uaryofilia. meo­

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re winadadebaa, rom komisia Sedgebodes 8 kacisagan. vin aris momxre?
miRebulia. Semdegi sia aris warmodgenili:
social-demokratiuli fraqcia sagareo saqmeTa komisiaSi asaxe­
lebs: diomide TofuriZes, gerasime maxaraZes, ioseb salayaias da kon­
stantine jafariZes.
soc. federalistTa fraqcia simon mdivans.
erovnul demokratiuli fraqcia. giorgi gvazavas.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia. ivane gobeCias.
adasturebT am sias, Tu ara? maSasadame sia dadasturebulia.

socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciis SekiTxva.

Tavmjdomare. sagareo komisiis sakiTxi gaTavebuli gaxlavT. (xma­


uroba. Tavmjdomaris zari).
umorCilesad gTxovT xmaurobas Tavi daaneboT.
Semdegi gaxlavT:
SekiTxva socialist-revoliucionerebisa quTaisis sisxlis sa­
mar­Tlis miliciis ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
(mdivans) gTxovT moaxsenoT teqsti. mdivani (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis
teqsts.)
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, batonebo, Tqven unda ganixiloT es
sakiTxi saswrafod.
gnebavT Tu ara es sakiTxi ganixiloT saswrafoT? siswrafis gamo
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b-n nucubiZes.
il. nucubiZe. moqalaqeno, es SekiTxva rom saswrafo aris, es Tav­
is Tavad cxadia. TviT SekiTxvis teqstSi naTqvami aris, rom sisxlis
samarTlis miliciis ufrosma adeiSvilma aawioka ramdenime sofeli,
awama xalxi. arian gadacvalebulnic, xalxis sinidisi aRSfoTebuli
aris. SekiTxvis Sinaarsi amtkicebs Tavis Tavad, rom SekiTxva sas­
wrafo aris. amitom Cveni fraqcia winadadebas iZleva siswrafiT iqnes
ganxiluli.
Tavmjdomare. surs vismes sityva amis Sesaxeb? aravis. winadadeba
miRebuli aris.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b-n nucubiZes.
ilia nucubiZe (s. r.). moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cvens fraqcias mouvida cnobebi da presamac gamoaqveyna, rom
quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosma b. adeiSvilma okrib­
is mxareSi auwereli barbarosoba Caidina. rom davrwmunebuliyaviT
am cnobebis sinamdvileSi, me, Cemi fraqciis davalebiT gavemgzavre
okribisaken. 27 aprils kviras, CveneburaT axalkviras rom etyvi­
an, me iq gaxldiT, davibare nacemi, nawamebi xalxi, davkiTxe mas da
marTlac saSineli suraTi gadameSala Tvalwin. xalxis aRSfoTebas
sazRvari ar hqonda. xalxi suliT dacemuli iyo. ar icoda ra eqna,

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ar icoda visTvis miemarTa. wameba daiwyo 7 aprils da 7 aprilidan
19-mde xangamoSvebiT awamebden xalxs: Sekrebden xalxs kancelariis
ezoSi, Semoartyamden alyas, isroden Tofebs. razmis ufrosi b. ade­
iSvili ucxadebs xalxs: me var Tqveni RmerTi, me yvelaferis ufleba
maqvs, SemiZlia davxvrito is, romlis daxvretasac movisurveb, Cemze
ufrosi aravinaa. am dros Seiqneboda Tofebis griali, xalxi daece­
moda, SiSiT aqeT-iqiT gaifanteboda, magram alya iyo Semortymuli
da gaqceva SeuZlebeli iyo. Semdeg b. adeiSvili ucxadebs xalxs, rom
TviTeulma sofelma xuT-xuTi kaci amoirCioso. soflebi, rogorc
Cveulebriv aseT SemTxvevebSi, irCeven sapatio moxuc pirebs. am ar­
Ceul pirebs eZaxian kancelariis oTaxSi da saTiTaoT scemen. scemen
maTraxiT, scemden Tofis kondaxiT, scemden sanam msxverpli usulo
ar ecema Zirs. (maWavariani: raTa scemden?) _ scemden imitom, rom
yaCaR morCaZis moyvanas moiTxovden. es yaCaRi aris gavardnili mand­
ikoris sazogadoebidan. morCaZis dasaWeraT bevrjel misulan mili­
cionerebi, magram ver dauWeriaT. xalxi laparakobs, rom iyo iseTi
SemTxveva, rodesac misi daWera ioli iyo, magram milicionerebma
ver daiWires da xalxs iWvi ebadeba, rom milicionerebma ganzrax ar
daiWires is. yofila iseTi SemTxvevac, rom morCaZe avaTmyofi yofi­
la saxlSi mwoliare, saxlisaTvis milicionerebs alya SemourtyamT,
magram yaCaRi mainc gaqceviaT.
me ar vambob, rom b. adeiSvili aseTi gansakuTrebuli uflebiT
umaRles mTavrobisgan iyo aRWurvili, magram TviT mainc isakuTreb­
da aseT uflebas da Tormeti dRis ganmavlobaSi aseTi teroris qveS
yavda xalxi. me iq gaxldiT, rogorc mogaxseneT, 27 aprils da Cem mis­
vlamdis arc erTi warmomadgeneli mTavrobisa ar yofila iq da saqmis
viTareba ar gaugia. Cem Semdeg ki, rogorc gavige, gamomZiebeli mi­
sula. Cemis azriT, TqvenTvis sakmarisi iqneba Tu waikiTxavT nawameb
xalxis Cvenebas. me maqvs Cawerili es Cveneba glexis eniT da nebas miv­
cem Cems Tavs wavikiTxo zogierTi glexis naambobi. TviT kancelariaSi
iatakze 27 aprils eqcia gamxmari sisxli. xalxi laparakobs. rodesac
zogierTebs ver moerevodnen maTraxis cemiT, gaxdidnen tanze da sce­
mden kets. erTisTvis weli gautexiaT ketiT, da veRar dgeba es kaci.
ori kaci momkvdara kidec aseTi cemiT, mesame ki kvdeba, me davkiTxe 55
pirs. cemis garda xalxs waglijes, waarTves auarebeli sanovage. neba
miboZeT wavikiTxo. spiridon xuciberaZe: soflidan moiTxoves ram­
denime piri, sofelma amomirCia. Semiyvanes oTaxSi da uwyaloT mcemes.
sisxliT SeRebili gamomiSves. xels awers.
bagrati giorgis-Ze gvetaZe: sofelma amomirCia Sevedi Tu ara
oTaxSi, sanam mkiTxavden rames damiwyes cema, wamaqcies waqceuls wix­
lebiT mcemden. pirisaxe maTraxma damixeTqa. xels awers.
ambrosi mixeilis-Ze abaSiZe: Semixmes oTaxSi adeiSvilma da
miqelaZem da mcemes, sanam sacodav Sexedulebas ar warmovadgendi.
xels awers.

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andria meTodes-Ze giorgaZe: Semixmes da gamlaxes, mcemes sanam
ugrZnoblad ar waviqeci. cemisagan dasivebuli maqvs exlac xelebi.
sisxli madines saxidan. wera ar vici.
maqsime nikos-Ze giorgaZe: Semixmo erTma milicionerma, momcvin­
den da sari mcemes TavSi. waviqeci mere gamxades tan-fexi da mcemes.
mas aqeT avaT var da muSaoba ar SemiZlia. Zalze nawamebi gamomagdes
gareT.
maqsime sofromis-Ze didbariZe: Semixmes rogorc arCeuli. dami­
wyes saxeSi maTraxis cema. miZaxdnen adeiSvili da miqelaZe nikolozi
unda mogagonovo. gasisxlianebuli gamomagdes gareT.
vasili lukas-Ze sirbilaZe: sofels mosTxoves xuTi kaci. maT So­
ris mec viyavi. Semixmes miqelaZem da adeiSvilma mcemes. maTraxebiT
saxeSi. sisxliT gasvrili waviqeci. yvirili mindoda. neba ar momces
mklavda revorveliT miqelaZe. nacemi gamomagdes gareT. Tavi exlac
mtkiva. xels awers.
arqipo daviTis-Ze gvetaZe: Semixmes oTaxSi, ara mkiTxes ra, mcemes
milicionerebma da eristo JorJolaZemac. es ukanaskneli ar iyo mi­
licioneri. wera ar icis.
eristo JorJolaZe, batonebo, adgilobrivi mcxovrebia. zogi­
erTi adgilobrivi aznaurebi SeuerTden adeiSvilis razms da gan­
sakuTrebuli cinizmiT dascinoden xalxs, roca scemden. grZnoba da­
karguls msxverpls mokidebden zogi fexebSi, zogi xelebSi xels da
gadaisroden. aTi sul aseTi Cveneburi aris. nikoloz arseniZe 68 w.
moxuci aCvenebs, rom andria goqaZe da giorgi goqaZeebi mokvden galax­
ulobiT. arc Svili andriasi vasili morCeba isea galaxuli. xsenebul
pirebis sikvdils galaxulobiT sxvebic amowmeben.
batonebo, cema tyepis garda adeiSvilis razmi, rogorc mogaxse­
neT xalxs carcvavda. me maqvs wamoRebuli cnobebi mxoloT im nacar­
cvisa, romelic mandikoris sazogadoebidan wauRiaT. ai es cnobebi: 3
f. da 20 girvanqa Romi, 3 fuTi lobio, 6 boTli rZe, 44 fuTi da 27 gir­
vanqa mWadi, 54 fuTi da 6 girvanqa Rvino, 18 boTli arayi, 83 qaTami,
12 indouri, 6 goWi, 3 fuTi da 10 1/2 girvanqa yveli, 748 kvercxi, 475
kona Cala, 9 fuTi simindi, 2 cxvari. 1 wyvili winda, 20 wyvili wuRa, 21
girvanqa SaSxi, 1 Cabalaxi, kooperatividan gautaniaT 1024 man. da 30
kap. saqoneli. yvela es cnobebi Semowmebulia.
ai ase carcvavden da awamebden xalxs. mTeli suraTis gadaSla saW­
iro ar aris. me mgonia, naTqvamiTac warmoidgenT Tu ra ewia okrib­
is mxaris glexkacobas. demokratiul wyobilebis dros, rodesac
demokratiaa gabatonebuli, Tavis Tavad cxadia aseT anormalobas
ar unda hqondes adgili. administratiul TviTnebobas, samwuxarod,
didi adgili aqvs exla CvenSi. da unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, rom Cven
demokratiul wyobilebas arc erTi iseTi mteri ar hyavs, rogoricaa es
administratiuli TviTneboba. ekonomiuri krizisi, marTalia, zians
ayenebs Cvens respublikas, magram aq kidev SegviZlia vsTqvaT raRac

347
obieqturi Zala aris, rasac bevri ram ar moeTxoveba, magram, rodesac
cocxali pirebi, Cven mier dayenebulni, mivlen xalxTan da xalxs ase
awameben, xalxis martivi fsixologia amas gadaitans TviT meTaureb­
ze; is ifiqrebs _ es uwesoba zevidanaa nakarnaxevi, Torem ise rogor
gabedaven adgilobrivi moxeleni aseT TviTnebobaso da asec moxda
okribaSi. me glexebi mekiTxeboden _ gana SesaZloa raime gamovides am
gamoZiebidan, gana adeiSvilze ufrosi kidev aris vinmeo? glexkace­
bi ufro gulubryviloni arian SedarebiT qalaqis muSebTan da imaT
sjeraT is, rasac xedven da ismenen. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda
mieqces, rom administracia Cadges Sesaferis kalapotSi da TviTnebo­
bas ar eqnes adgili. okribis mxareSi es administratiuli TviTneboba
metad uxeS, ulazaTo, meti ar vici ra uwodo, barbarosul formebSi
Camoyalibda. TviTneboba, romelsac aqve adgili aq TbilisSi, rode­
sac administratiuli wesiT raRac zogad mosazrebebiT atyveveben
xolme moqalaqes, es ufro, ase vsTqvaT, jentlmenur formebSi yal­
ibdeba, magram es SemTxvevac, rogorc TviTneboba, dauSvebeli da
gasakic­xia. TviTneboba orive SemTxvevaSi erTsa da igive mizans emsax­
ureba: orive SemTxveva mimarTulia Cveni respublikis Sinagani simt­
kicis winaaRmdeg. es administratiuli TviTneboba avnebs Cven saerTo
saqmes, demokratiis saqmes da amitom mas bolo unda moeRos. aq metexis
da sagubernio cixeebSi sxedan administratiuli wesiT datyvevebul­
ni bevri sapatio pirni da sapatioc rom ar iyvnen da ubralo moqa­
laqeni iyvnen, gana dasaSvebia administratiuli wesiT, konkretiul
braldebis wauyeneblad moqalaqis datyveveba?!
me ar vityvi da, vgoneb, arc erTi WkuaSi myofi ar ityvis, rom
pirveli SemTxveva, romelsac hqonda adgili okribaSi, iyos damaxa­
siaTebeli Tviseba Sinaur politikisa, meore SemTxveva, administra­
tiuli datyveveba, sistemad gamomdinareobs, rac uaryofiTi mxarea
Cveni Sinauri politikisa. Cven am garemoebas xazs usvamT da vambobT,
rom es amxedrebs Cveni respublikis winaaRmdeg yovel Segnebul mo­
qalaqes. Cemi sityvis dasasrulSi me vekiTxebi b. Sinagan saqmeTa min­
istrs _ icis Tu ara yovelive es man da Tu icis, ra zomebis miRebas
apirebs borot-momqmedTa winaaRmdeg. rogorc mogaxseneT, batonebo,
27 aprils gaxldiT okribaSi da araviTari zomebi ar yofila miRebu­
li maT winaaRmdeg.
Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi si­
mon mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs n. rami­
Svils.

348
Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gancxadeba.

noe ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


im SekiTxvaze, romelic aris Semotanili, maqvs pativi mogaxsenoT
Semdegi.
saqmis viTareba aseTi iyo.
Cven unda ganvacxadoT aq, rom is samwuxaro ambavi, me mets vi­
tyvi, aRmaSfoTebeli ambavi, romelsac adgili hqondaT okribis mxa­
reSi, quTaisis mazrisa da meqvenis sazogadoebaSi, leCxumis mazrisa
gamowveuli iyo erTi garemoebiT. weliwadze metia, rac am mxareSi
TareSobs leCxumis ajanyebis erTi meTaurTagani yaCaRi morCaZe. mTe­
li am xnis ganmavlobaSi, mis Semdeg, rac damarcxda ajanyeba leCxumisa,
is am mxareSi Cadioda mravalmoqmedebas. man Tavis garSemo Semokriba
avazakTa brbo, romelic aviwrovebda mTel am mxares. vinaidan adgi­
lobrivi administracia veras gaxda, veras gaxda swored imitom, rom
xalxi samwuxarod TanaugrZnobda, ukeT rom vsTqvaT, xalxi daSinebu­
li morCaZisa da sxva avazakebisagan, moklebuli iyo saSualebas, zome­
bi mieRo am yaCaRebis winaaRmdeg; vimeoreb, vinaidan adgilobrivma
administraciam ver SesZlo am yaCaRebis alagmva, amitom saWiro Seiqm­
na maRali dawesebulebis am SemTxvevaSi, Careva. jer guberniis komis­
arma gagzavna milicia am yaCaRTa SesapyrobaT da, marTlac, bolos da
bolos miliciam SesZlo morCaZis saukeTeso amxanagis dapatimreba. es
yaCaRi am Jamad imyofeba quTaisis cixeSi.
martis ukanasknel ricxvebSi sisxlis samarTlis miliciis umfro­
sis b. adeiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT, miliciam SesZlo kvali miegno im
yaCaRebisTvis, romelsac morCaZe meTaurobda. SetakebaSi Sepyrobil
iqmnen misi amxanagebi: lominaZe, giorgobiani, sirbilaZe, mxolod
TviT morCaZem, romelic msubuqad daiWra, SesZlo mimalva. amis Semdeg
TanaSemwem administratiul inspeqtorisa, romelsac mouvida cnoba,
rom morCaZe imaleboda leCxumis mazraSi, winadadeba misca adeiS­
vils, romelic marTlac am saqmeebSi gamocdili iyo, ese miaCnda mas,
vinaidan rogorc mogaxseneT man marTlac Tavi gamoiCina, man SesZlo
winaT ramdenime yaCaRi Seepyro, _ da am administraciis inspeqtoris
TanaSemwis winadadebiT gaemgzavra iq adeiSvili, rom moexdina adgi­
lobrivi gamoZieba, da Tu marTlac es cnobebi gamarTldeboda, maSin
Seepyro is piri, romelic ramdeni xania aviwroebda am mxares. b. ade­
iSvili gaemgzavra iq 6 aprils, amasTanave Cven unda ganvacxadoT aq,
rom saxarjoT mas administraciis inspeqtorma gadasca 3,000 maneTi
im pirobiT, rom Tu saWiro iqneba Semdeg zedmeti Tanxa mieRo. dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri b. nucubiZe aq ambobs, TiTqos is razmi, ro­
melic iq gaizavna, dRemdisin TareSobdes iq. (nucubiZe: 19-metamde)
me unda mogaxsenoT Tqven, rom 17 aprils, b. nucubiZe, adgilobrivi
sazogadoebrivi warmomadgenelni gamocxadnen administraciis in­

349
speqtorTan saxeldobr mandikoris sazogadoebis warmomadgenelni,
maT gadauSales Cven moxeles is saSineli awiokebis suraTi, romel­
zedac Semdeg mogaxsenebT. amis Sedegi iyo Semdegi: dauyovnebliv
administraciis inspeqtoris TanaSemwem gasca brZaneba, rom es razmi
unda dabrunebuliyo da is marTlac dabrunda mesame dRes. (nucubiZe:
19 aprils). diax, 19 aprils. mxolod pirveli cnoba am saqmis Sesax­
eb gazeTSi daibeWda 16 aprils „saxalxo saqmeSi“ (nucubiZe: quTaTur
gazeTSi?) eg ar vici, SeiZleba iq ufro adrec iyo. me piradad amisa
Sesaxeb sxva cnoba ar maqvs. diax, me vambob, maSasadame es cnoba, romel­
ic aq gamoqveynda, es cnoba gaigo Tu ara mTavrobis warmomadgenelma,
maSinaTve miiRo zomebi.
rac Seexeba imas Tu ra moxda, aq suraTi Semdegia. me mokled mogax­
senebT.
adeiSvils gahyva milicionerTa razmi, magram irkveva, rom am
razms SeuerTdnen ramdenime piri adgilobrivi, egredwodebuli pri­
vilegiur wodebisa, rogorc iq iyo naTqvami, _ aznaurebi. (xmauroba,
sicili.) diax! da am razmma marTlac, am SemTxvevaSi gaerTianebulma
razma, mravali borotmoqmedeba Caidina. es gamoixateba Semdegi: jer
kidev maSin, roca isini daniSnul adgilas miemgzavreboden, gzaSi maT
daxoces saqoneli. klavden sxvaTaSoris cxvrebs, Rorebs. mere isic
marTali aris, rom maT daakisres xalxs da warmomadgenlebs, komis­
rebs moetanaT gansazRvruli xorageuloba da yvelafer amaSi, am­
bobdnen, Tqven valdebuli iqnebiT es TviT xalxs gaaweroo. me aq unda
Semdegi ganvacxado. Tumca marTlac maT iq borotmoqmedeba Caidines,
gza da gza SesZles ramdenime cnobili yaCaRis Sepyroba. sxvaTaSoris,
adeiSvilma daapatimra am dros mkvlelebi axvledianebisa, Zmebis ax­
vledianebisa, romelic Cven jarSi gagzavnili iyvnen leCxumis maz­
ris dasamSvideblad da ibrZoden iq. maTi mkvlelebi iyvnen lomTaZe,
kaxiZe da lomTaZe. sxvaTaSoris zogierT maTgans brals sdebdnen axv­
ledianis ori qalis gaupatiurebaSi. garda amisa, adeiSvilma daapa­
timra ramdenime piri, romlebTac brali edebodaT morCaZis Senaxva­
Si. magram, rac Seexeba saerTod yofaqcevas gzaSi, miuxedavaT imisa,
rom maT marTlac SesZles ramdenime piris Sepyroba, sxvaTaSoris, maT
Seipyres erTi cnobili monawile-meTauri leCxumis areulobisa qob­
ulaZe, magram, roca igi gagzavnili iyo dasatusaReblad, is moklul
iqmna. ra pirobebSi me gadaWriT amis Sesaxeb pasuxs aq ver mogcemT. es
aris sagani gamoZiebisa. TviT adeiSvili da is pirebi, romelic maT
Tan axldnen, isini irwmunebian, TiTqos qobulaZem moindoma gaqceva,
_ qobulaZe aris monawile leCxumis ajanyebisa, _ da ai am dros is mok­
les. me vambob, amis Sesaxeb Tavis piruTvnel msjavrs dasdebs TiTon
sasamarTlo. da sanam es saqme ar iqneba gamoZiebuli, amis Sesaxeb me
gadaWriT verafers mogaxsenebT. magram, garda amisa, mTeli maTi yofa
qceva, yovelmxriv miutevebeli aris. me mogaxseneT, rom jer mogzau­
robis dros maT Caidines mravali borotmoqmedeba.

350
rodesac mividnen soflad, jer isini gaemgzavrnen meqvenis sazo­
gadoebaSi. da ai iq isini aiZulebdnen xalxs, rom gaCerebuliyvnen wvi­
maSi gareT. cis qveS. sainteresoa, rom am dros adgilobrivi aznaure­
bi balkonebze iyvnen wamomdgarni da gadmoyurebdnen am sanaxavs.
b. adeiSvili da misi Tanamxlebelni sTxovdnen xalxs delegatebs,
da marTlac es delegatebi iyvnen arCeulebi, magram maTi xvedri iyo
cema-tyepa. agreTve, aris garemoeba, romelsac damaxasiaTebeli mniS­
vneloba aqvs delegatTa arCevnebisas. xalxs eubnebodnen, Tumca ara
adeiSvili, rogorc es Cven administratiul inspektors gamourkve­
via, aramed is pirebi, romelnic gars exvevodnen b. adeiSvils, _ „az­
naurebi ar airCioT“-o. TavisTavad cxadia, rom windawin icodnen, rom
arCeul pirebs ar galaxavdnen. da, rasakvirvelia, im brbos, romelic
gars exveoda adeiSvils, yovel SemTxvevaSi undoda, rom aznaurebs
aseTi bedi ascdenodaT. (gvazava: ra SuaSia aznaurebi? kedia: ..... ata­
vizmi jer kidev aris.) ukacravaT, me vlaparakob imaze, rac gamoZieb­
iTa, damtkicda, romelsac Cven davalebiT, awarmoebda administra­
tiuli inspektoris TanaSemwe, TanxmlebiT damfuZnebel krebis ori
wevrisa faRavasi, da ruben yifianisa da leCxumis erobis Tavmjdom­
aris aleqsandre miTaiSvilisa (maWavariani: sul aznaurebi yofilan.
sicili. Tavmjdomaris zari).
me unda mogaxsenoT gansakuTrebiT autaneli iyo maTi yofa-qceva
okribis mxareSi, me maqvs aq CamoTvlili, magram me mgonia, saWiro ar
aris wavikiTxoT Tu ramdeni, ra waarTves. es, rasakvirvelia, aris sa­
gani gamoZiebisa da Semdeg sasamarTlosi. me SemiZlian CamovTvalo aq,
rogorc b. nucubiZem aq moisurva, magram, saerTod amaze damfuZnebel
krebis wevrebis yuradRebis miqceva saWirod ar mimaCnia. unda mogax­
senoT, marTlac garda imisa, rom xalxs CamoarTves didZali qoneba,
iqceodnen saerTod ise, rogorc winad xdeboda egzekuciis dros da
amitom am razmis gagzavna marTlac egzekucia iqneboda, rom es gad­
awyvetileba yofiliyo mTavrobisa. magram, rogorc mogaxseneT, am
mxriv, mTavroba arafer SuaSia. es moxda b. adeiSvilis da mis Tanam­
xlebelTa wyalobiT. garda imisa, rom gamonaxes damnaSave pirebi, maT
mimarTes, marTlac ara Cveulebriv zomebs, wamebas. ai magaliTad maT
Camohkides pirdapir bawarze kaxiZe da Semdeg scemes. (maWavariani: az­
nauriSvilia!). ai, es piri ase laparakobs (kiTxulobs): cemis Semdeg me
daveci usulod. rodesac daveci imaT kidev gamlaxes da saxlis koWze
gamomkides, roca maT rac ar vicodi ver uTxari. agreTve maT uwamebi­
aT fruiZe. pirveli iyo 71 wlisa, meore 65 w., es aris soflis eqimbaSi.
mas abralebdnen, rom mis Semdeg, rac morCaZe okribis mxareSi daiWra,
Wriloba ukanasknels fruiZem Seuxviao.
ai es aris, me vityvi, mkrTali suraTi mraval borotmoqmedebisa,
romlebsac adgili hqondaT am mxareSi. (gvazava: adeiSvili sad aris?
Tavisufalia?) amis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebT batonebo. administraciis
TanaSemwem saerTod gasca brZaneba daepatimrebinaT Semdegi pirebi:

351
qelbaqiani da mesxi. es iyvnen agred wodebuli aznaurebi, romelnic
mosaSveleobas swevdnen am borotmomqmedTa da xalxis Soris. agreTve
gasca gankarguleba, rom daetusaRebinaT ugrexeliZe. (maWavariani:
adeiSvili glexia?). man Tavisi uflebiT gadaayena b. adeiSvili sam­
saxuridan da agreTve gasca gankarguleba daepatimrebinaT studen­
ti JorJolaZe, romlis Sesaxeb aq mogaxsenes, vinaidan gamoirkva da­
namdvilebiT, rom is jer atusaRebinebda xalxs adeiSvils da imave
dros iRebda qrTamebs. Cven mis Semdeg, gamoirkva, rom marTlac yvela
is pirebi da maTi xelmZRvaneli adeiSvili, damnaSaveni arian, roca
Cven miviReT cnoba quTaisidan, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli cnobebi
marTlac simarTles Seicavs, mTavrobam gasca brZaneba adeiSvilis
Sepyrobis Sesaxeb. Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom Tu guSin ar iqna Sepyrobili,
albad dRes mainc iqneba Sepyrobili. (xma: es cotaa! xma: aznaurebTan
erTad glexic). rac Seexeba imas, rom es cota aris, me mgonia, rom da­
narCeni aris saqme sasamarTlosi. mTeli es, marTlac aRmaSfoTebe­
li saqme, unda gadaeces sasamarTlos. mTavrobas ara aqvs araviTari
ufleba gamoZiebisa da TviT-gasamarTlebisa. administratiuli zome­
bi, romelnic saWiro iyvnen, Cven miviReT da maSasadame, am SemTxvevaSi,
Cveni movaleoba savsebiT Sesrulebuli aris.
exla me unda mogaxsenoT mokleT imis Sesaxeb, Tu marTlac ras
ukiJineben am SemTxvevaSi mTavrobas. b. nucubiZe ambobs, rom Tqven,
saerTod, administratiul zomebs iRebTo. me unda mogaxsenoT: diax,
es marTalia. Cven viRebT administratiul zomebs, da administrati­
ul zomebs viRebT imitom, rom Cven gvgonia, rom Cven jer vimyofebiT
revoliucionur xanaSi, saca jer ar aris sakmaod mowesrigebuli
sasamarTlo. da ase viqceviT ara marto Cven, yvela revoliucionu­
ri mTavroba. vinaidan b. social-revoliucionerebi xSirad sxva da
sxva revoliuciis magaliTebs moiyvanen xolme (xma: Tqvenc giyvarT!)
mec dausaxeleb, rom albad maT axsovT, rom safrangeTis konventma
miiRo konstitiucia, magram misi ganxorcieleba ki gadasdo, swored
im mosazrebiT, rom revoliucionur xanaSi aris aucilebeli es ara
Cveulebrivi zomebi, romlebsac Cveni sasamarTlo jer-jerobiT ver
iRebs. jer unda mogaxsenoT imis Sesaxeb, rom CvenSi arian Sepyro­
bilni administratiuli wesiT, ara Tu arian, unda iyvnen da iqnebi­
an manam, sanam amas moiTxovs xalxis interesi. saxelmwifos interesi,
xalxis interesi _ es umaRlesi kanoni aris. es kidev romaelebma icod­
nen. (kedia: amis sekreti vis xelSia?) amis sekreti ki TviT xalxis xe­
lSia. es aravisTvis saidumlo ar aris, yvelam icis, vis winaaRmdeg
arian es zomebi mimarTulni. (xma soc.-rev. mxridan: xalxis winaaRm­
deg!) ukacravad! amis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebT. Tqven nu aCqardebiT! me
Tqven mogagonebT Tqven nalaparakebs erovnul sabWoSi. me mogaxsen­
ebT, rom es saidumloebas ar Seadgens. yvelam icis es rogor xdeba,
vis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli es zomebi. me gadaWriT vacxadeb, rom
es administratiuli zomebi aris mimarTuli maT winaaRmdeg, im ele­

352
mentebis winaaRmdeg, romelnic Zirs uTxrian an, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
scdiloben Ziri gamouTxaron Cven respublikas, magram, romelnic am
Tavis zraxvebs ver anxorcieleben, vinaidan mTavroba Sesafer zomebs
iRebs. exla me unda mogaxsenoT imis Sesaxeb, rom ai iq, okribis mxareSi
momxdar ambebze ra daskvna unda gamovitanoT iqidan, rac iq moxda. me
vacxadeb gadaWriT, rom mTavrobam Seasrula Tavis movaleoba, rasac
mas akisrebda kanoni, romelic miRebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis
mier. (aawiokeT glexebi) ukacravad, (mesxiSvili: awiokebis kanoni ar
migviRia), ukacravad, me unda ganvacxado umaRles mTavrobis Sesax­
eb. me vambob, rom iq marTlac moxda awiokeba da umaRles mTavrobis
movaleoba iyo, mas aqvs dakisrebuli erTad-erTi movaleoba _ kon­
troli administraciisa da zomebis miReba im nabijebis winaaRmdeg,
romelic mimarTulia xalxis winaaRmdeg. me Tqven gekiTxebiT, Seasru­
la Tu ara es mTavrobam? da me gadaWriT vambob, rom mTavrobam yvela
is, ris ufleba kanoniT aqvs micemuli, yvela am uflebiT isargebla
ai, swored kanonis farglebSi da marTlac miiRo zomebi imitom, rom
meti sastiki zoma garda dapatimrebisa Cven xelT ar aris.
danarCenSi, me vacxadeb yvela am borotmomqmed winaaRmdeg daw­
yebulia gamoZieba da is gadaecema sasamarTlos.
marTalia, parlamentSi iyvnen partiebi, romelnic ambobdnen,
ara mTavrobas ar unda hqondes kontrolis uflebao. amas batone­
bo, Tqven, social-revoliucionerebi, roca laparakobdnen milici­
is Sesaxeb, Tqven amtkicebdiT _ ra SuaSia mTavroba, ra SuaSia ad­
ministratiuli zomebis miReba. ukeTesia, rom xalxma TviT airCios
komisrebi, romelTa damtkicebaze laparakic SeuZlebeliao. Tqven
amtkicebdiT, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba TiTon gauZRveba am
saqmeebso. Cven vambobdiT, vicodiT ramdenaT susti iyo, am JamaTac,
jerac, me vityvi, sustia saerobo qalaqis TviTmarTveloba, romlis
ganmtkicebas mTavroba da damfuZnebeli kreba yovelmxriv Seecdeba,
_ vicodiT ra susti iyo da vambobdiT: aucileblad saWiro aris kon­
troli da agreTve damnaSave piris, administratiul piris gadayene­
ba. magram amis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebda ai es partia. da me vamtkiceb,
cxovrebam marTlac daamtkica, erTi ram: rom is uflebebi, romelic
Cven maSin movTxoveT saqarTvelos parlaments, marTlac aucilebe­
li aris. amas moiTxovda is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romelSiac
vimyofebiT am Jamadac. da unda vsTqva, rac ufleba Cven gvqonda am
SemTxvevaSi, es ufleba Cven gamoviyeneT savsebiT. gavgzavneT Tanam­
debobis pirebi, romlebmac gamoaqveynes yvelaferi, da me unda vsTq­
va, araviTar saiduloebas ar vmqniT, piriqiT Tu saWiro aris yvela
im oqmebs, romelic Sedgenilia am aRmaSfoTebel moqmedebis Sesaxeb,
am oqmebs Cven gamovaqveynebT. magram es me saerTod ar moviyvane im­
itom, rom naTqvamic sakmarisia amis dasamtkiceblad, rom Cadenili
iyo warmoudgeneli borot moqmedeba da maT winaaRmdeg miRebulia
kanonieri zomebi. maSasadame aravin xels ar afarebs im borotmoq­

353
medebas, romelic iq moxda. Cven gvgonia, swored amitom usvam xazs im
garemoebas, rom iq ara Cveulebrivi ram moxda, me mets vityvi, SeiZle­
ba es ara Cveulebrivi ar yofiliyo TviT mefis mTavrobis drosac.
(xma: marTalia!) da swored amitom sanamde batonebi social-revoli­
ucionerebi Tavis SekiTxvas Semoitandnen da amaze araferi icod­
nen, Cven miviReT ukve es zomebi. (xma: ra miiReT?) Cven maSinve razmi
ukan gamoviwvieT, borotmoqmedeba gamovarkvieT da borotmoqmedTa
Sesaxeb gamoZieba davniSneT, gavakeTeT yvela is, rac SegveZlo. (xma:
dagvianebiT!) me mgonia, is, rac Cven kanonis ZaliT SegveZlo, am SemTx­
vevaSi, ara Tu ar iyo dagvianebiT, aramed, me mgonia, Zalian daCqa­
rebiTac moxda, imitom, rom roca Cvenma warmomadgenelma gaigo (xma:
17 aprils) 17 aprils gaigo es moqmedeba maSinve miiRo zomebi. rac
Seexeba, imis Sesaxeb, rom SeiZleba 6-dan 17-tamde ramdenime dRem gan­
vlo, es rasakvirvelia, marTalia. magram, es moxda ara imitom, rom
mTavrobas ar surda maSinve mieRo zomebi, aramed imitom, rom am mx­
riv marTlac ar aris sasurvelad mowesrigebuli administraciis
moqmedeba. me marTals getyviT es saqme didi saqmea, Zneli saqmea, da
swored amitom Cven moviSveleT adgilobrivi Zalebi _ adgilobrivi
TviTmarTveloba. da Tu man ver SesZlo am saqmis mogvareba, es imas
amtkicebs, rom es metis metaT rTuli saqmea. me vambob mTavrobam gaa­
keTa, Seasrula savsebiT Tavisi movaleoba. da Tu am SemTxvevaSi zo­
gierTi partiebi scdilobdnen, es saqme sxva mizniT gamoiyenon, rom
viRac administratiuli wesiT aris dapatimrebuli, amis Sesaxeb Cven
sxva pasuxi gvaqvs,
me mokleT unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cven respublikas, demokratias
safrTxe moelis, mTavroba isargeblebs ara Cveulebriv uflebebiT,
romlebiTac yovelTvis sargebloben mTavrobebi revoliucionur xa­
naSi. da Tu Tqven amis winaaRmdegi iqnebiT, rasakvirvelia, maSin is
qeds moixris damfuZnebel krebis winaSe!
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris Semotanili, kamaTi gadidos Sem­
deg krebisTvis. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
meore winadadeba: Seswydes sxdoma. vis surs sityva? vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. sanam krebas davxuravdeT, gTx­
ovT moisminoT dRiuri wesrigi Semdegi sxdomisa.
mdivani (kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom Semotanili aris gancxadeba
social-demokretiul fraqciisa. da meore gancxadeba aris Semotani­
li social-federalistebis fraqciisa.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
1) soc.-demokratiuli fraqcia: nacvlad n. cincaZisa da k. faniev­
isa sabiujeto komisiaSi vasaxelebT gr. giorgaZes da ios. salayaias,
mexuTmete wevrad ki giorgi anjafariZes.
2) soc.-federalistTa fraqciisa: „damfuZnebeli krebis soc.-
fede­ralistTa fraqcia agrarul komisiaSi nacvlad gr. rcxilaZis

354
gzavnis Tedo Rlonts; gzaTa komisiaSi sim. mdivnis nacvlad _ Tedo
Rlonts“.

msjeloba dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. dRiur wesirigis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis b. gvazavas.


giorgi gvazava (er. d.). batonebo, me mgonia, rom is wesrigi, rome­
lic dRes iyo miRebuli unda amoiwuros jer da mere axal sakiTxebzed
gadavideT, uamisoT SekiTxvebzed ver gadavalT. Cemi iqneba SekiTxva,
Tu Tqveni _ sul erTia. dRevandel wesrigSi iyo SekiTxva Cven mier Se­
tanili, erovnul-demokratebis mier. saswrafo iyo, Txovnac iyo, rom
saswrafoa. is bolos iyo moqceuli da Tu exla miiRo dRiuri wesrigi
da axali kanon-proeqti, axali sakiTxebi win daayeneT, Cveni SekiTxva
isev bolos moeqceva, isev ver miaxwevs Tavis mizans. amitom ubralo
samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom miviRoT iseTi wesi, rom es wesrigi
amowuruli iyos. (rusia: wesrigs am krebaze vamtkicebT).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
arseniZe. mec mgonia, rom wesrigs ar vamtkicebT dRes. Tavmj­
domarem marto gvacnoba wesrigi.
Semdeg prezidiums SeuZlian gadasm-gadmosma sakiTxebisa im rig­
ze, rogorc saukeTesod dainaxavs Cvens politikur da parlamental­
ur muSaobisTvis.
Cven mxolod Semdeg krebaze SegviZlian SevitanoT koreqtivi, Tu
saWirod davinaxavT.
Tavmjdomare. reglamentis ZaliT, SekiTxva ganixileba yovel­
Tvis sxdomis dasasruls, rodesac kanon-proeqtebis ganxilva damTav­
rebulia.
Cven yovelTvis ase vadgenT dRiur wesrigs. magram damfuZnebel
krebas aqvs ufleba gadasvas sakiTxi pirvel rigSi momaval sxdomaze,
Tu moisurvebs. amgvarad, me mgonia, es sakiTxi xelaxlad ganaxldeba
paraskevs, 12 saaTze, rodesac daniSnulia Semdegi sxdoma. dRevandel
sxdomas vxurav.
sxdoma ixureba naSuadRevs 4 saaTsa 25 wuTze.

355
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meToTxmete sxdoma

1919 weli. maisis 9. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareoben damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe da
simon mdivani.
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian:
konstantine jafariZe,
grigol naTaZe.
sxdoma iwyeba simon mdivnis TavmjdomareobiT 12 saaT. da 15 wuT.
Tavmjdomare. damfuZnebeli krebis sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT.
gTxovT­adgilebi daikavoT.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba damfuZ. krebis wevris


yadir-beg ServaSiZis gardacvalebis gamo.

Tavmjdomare. kidev erTi samwuxaro ambavi unda mogaxsenoT saqa­


rTvelos damfuZnebel krebas.
guSin winwklebian saxadiT gardaicvala damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri yadir-beg ServaSiZe. samuslimano saqarTvelos kuTxes moaklda
erTi Segnebuli, qarTvelur ideis matarebeli wevri. da es im dros
moxda, rodesac aseTi adamianebi am kuTxisTvis, romlidanac is iyo
warmogzavnili, metad saWiro arian.
samuslimano saqarTvelo ar aris mdidari umaRles swavliT aR­
Wurvil da xalxosnur ideiT gawvrTnil adamianebiT. dRes, rodesac
ase mwvaved aris dasmuli sakiTxi, dRes, rodesac unda gadaswydes
bed-iRbali samuslimano saqarTveloisa, yadir-beg ServaSiZis da­
kargva metad mZimea CvenTvis.

357
samuslimano saqarTvelo dRemdisin iseT pirobebSi imyofeboda,
rom mas saSualeba ar hqonda Tavisi Svilebi gaegzavna saqarTvelos
dedaqalaqSi da aq swavla-ganaTleba mieRebinebina. da ai, swored am
dros yadir-beg ServaSiZem SesZlo amgvar pirobebisTvis Tavi daexwia
da mieRo saSualo ganaTleba TbilisSi da Semdeg umaRlesi swavla
dorpatis universitetSi. specialobiT eqimi, is daubrunda samusul­
mano saqarTvelos, magram ar dascalda Tavisi specialuri codna ga­
moeyenebina, is specialuri codna, romelic ase saWiro aris samusli­
mano saqarTvelosTvis, Semdeg mouswro omma da igi am omma gaitaca.
igi muSaobda sxva da sxva organizaciebSi.
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg igi Tavga­
modebiT moRvaweobda am ideis gansamtkiceblad axalcixis mxareSi,
sadac xelZRvanelobda cxenosanTa razms. sul didi xani ar aris mas
aqeT, rac man am moRvaweobis dros erTgvari devna ganicada im bnel
elementebisagan, romlebmac moaxerxes da aajanyes mTeli axalcixis
mxare da am ajanyebiT aunazRaurebeli zarali miayenes mas.
am dros ulmobelma saxadma is mogvtaca.
pativi maqvs winadadeba mivce damfuZnebel krebas fexze adgomiT
pativi sces mas. (krebis wevrebi fexze sdgebian).

damfuZnebel krebis axali wevrebi

Tavmjdomare. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


pirvelma siam gardacvalebis gamo dakarga sami wevri. amis gamo
meqnikurad maT magier sociali-demokratiul partiis sakandidato
siidan Caricxulni arian Semdegi pirni: solomon vadaWkoria, er­
maloz sirbilaZe da ioseb iremaSvili.

komisiebSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtTa sia:

Tavmjdomare (mdivans) gTxovT waikiTxoT is kanon-proeqtebi, ro­


melnic Semotanili arian sxva da sxva komisiebSi gadasacemad.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli kiTxulobs:
1. iusticiis ministris kanon-proeqti _ saqalaqo kanonTa krebu­
lis me-10 tomis 1 nawilis me-9 mux. da sisxlis samarTlis sasjelTa
debulebis me-1665 muxl. gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces iuridiul komisias.
2. Sromis ministris proeqti dekretisa _ 500.000 man. gadadebis
Sesaxeb yofil kadetTa korpusis Senobis gadakeTebisaTvis _ respub­
likis saministroebis mosaTavseblad.
gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

358
dRiuri wesrigi.

1. saboloo teqsti dadgenilebisa _ damfuZnebeli krebis xe­


lovnebis komisiisTvis 100.000 man. gadacemis Sesaxeb.
2. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa damfuZnebeli krebis wevrTa imu­
nitetisa (Seuvalobisa).
3. kanonproeqti ojaxur mdgomareobiT jarSi gawvevisagan gan­
Tavisuflebisa.
4. kanonproeqti moqalaqeobisa.
5. gagrZeleba msjelobisa soc. revoliuc. fraqciis Sinagan saq­
meTa ministrisadmi SekiTxvis Sesaxeb _ quTaisis sisxlis samar­Tlis
miliciis ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis gamo.
6. saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCeva.
7. SekiTxva erov. demokrat. fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _ sasamarT­
lo palatis Tavmjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb.
8. SekiTxva erov.-demokrat. fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _ Zegvis
xidis amfeTqebelTaTvis sikvdiliT dasjis 12 wlis katorRiT Sec­
vlis Sesaxeb.
9. SekiTxva erovn.-demokrat. fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _ Zegvis
xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa sasjelisagan sruliad ganTavisuf­
lebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom reglamentis Tanaxmad dRi­
uri wesrigi mogxsendaT warsul krebaze, da aq aris naTqvami, rom
dRiuri wesrigi mtkicdeba wina krebaze. magram dafuZnebel krebis
prezidiums SeuZlian Seitanos damateba da yovel damatebis Sesaxeb
unda moxsendeT fraqciebs krebis dawyebamde. agreTve SesaZlebelia,
sakiTxebis rigis Secvla. amitom me davsvam aseT sakiTxs: vis surs si­
tyva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb?

msjeloba dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb:

raJden arseniZe. me Semomaqvs Semdegi winadadeba. mesame sakiTxad


gadavdvaT saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCeva da ai ra mosazrebiT.
arCevnebi unda moxdes farulad da Semdeg unda daiTvalos gansa­
kuTrebul sistemiT, TanaxmaT reglamentisa. Cven rom ar dagvWird­
es sxdomis Sewyveta, Cven exla ganvagrZoT muSaoba, mxolod Sedegi am
arCevnebis mogvxsendeba amave sxdomaze, rac savaldebuloa. mxolod
am mosazrebiT vTxoulobT, rom es arCevnebi moxdes win da es mesame
sakiTxi gadaisvas meoTxeT.
danarCeni ki darCes ise, rogorc iyo dRiur wesrigSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) batonebo, me winaaRmdegi ara var imi­
sa, rac exla warmoiTqva sakiTxis gadasmis Sesaxeb. magram me minda mi­

359
vaqcio Tqveni yuradReba sxva garemoebas. rogorc mogexsenebaT, me
Semotanili maqvs ramdenime SekiTxva. erTi SekiTxva aris saCqaro, iq
naTxovnia saswrafo wesiT ganxilva. es SekiTxva iyo dasmuli warsul
krebis dRiur wesrigSi, magram maSin ver movaswreT da gadmovida
dRevandel dRiur wesrigSi, magram dRes es SekiTxva isev bolos aris
moqceuli. Tu agre moviqeciT, SekiTxva yovelTvis boloSi iqneba mo­
qceuli da darwmunebuli var, rom es SekiTxva arasodes ganxiluli
ar iqneba.
amitom me mgonia, Tu saswrafo SekiTxvaa dRiur wesrigSi, es
wesrigi unda amowuruli iyos da es SekiTxva im dRes Tu ara, Sem­
deg sxdomaze mainc unda iyos ganxiluli. maSasadame Semdeg sxdomis
wesrigi unda iwyobodes im sakiTxebiT, romelic darCa amouwuravi
wina sxdomaze. Tu es principialurad misaRebia, me gTxovT ase Ses­
cvaloT, ese igi dRevandel wesrigis saTaveSi movaqcioT bolo war­
suli wesrigisa.
magram SesaZlebelia, rom amisTana wesis miReba ar iyos xelsayre­
li Cveni sazogado muSaobisaTvis.
maSin gTxovT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcioT im SekiTxvebs,
romlebic me Semovitane aq. rogorc mogaxseneT erTi SekiTxva aris
saswrafo. is Seexeba iusticiis ministris amxanagis moqmedebas da ro­
gorc saswrafo sakiTxi me gTxovT dRes mainc is adre ganixiloT da ar
dastovoT isev boloSi. SekiTxva Seexeba udides nawils Cven saxelm­
wifoebriv cxovrebisas, Seexeba sasamarTlos. sazogadoebrivi Segne­
ba aRelvebuli aris, Cven raime damSvideba unda SevitanoT. es mgonia,
yvelasaTvis aSkara aris. amitom aucileblad adre unda ganvixiloT.
es Cemi kerZo winadadeba aris. Tu ar daeTanxmebiT am Cems winadade­
baze, maSin gTxovT es sakiTxi daisvas mesamed, an meoTxed. maSin imedi
gveqneba, rom dRes mainc ganxiluli iqneba. Torem, vimeoreb, Tu agre
moviqceviT meqanikurad, rom is sakiTxebi, romelic dganan dRiur
wesrigSi, yovelTvis boloSi movaqcioT, gamodis iseTi mdgomareoba,
rom arc erTi sakiTxi ganxiluli ar iqneba.
ai am mosazrebis gamo viTxovT, rom is kiTxvebi, romlebic darC­
nen amosawuri warsul krebaze dRes pirvelad iqnen dasmulni dRi­
ur wesrigSi da aqedan ganvagrZoT maTi ganxilva. Tu es ar SeiZleba
yvela kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, maSin gTxovT Cveni SekiTxva mTavrobisadmi
sasamarTlo palatis Tavmjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb dasmuli iqmnes mesame da meoTxe sakiTxad dRiur wesrigSi.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad unda ganvixiloT Semdegi, rac Seexeba wi­
nadadebas... sityva gsurT? mobrZandiT.
r. arseniZe. rasakvirvelia, principialurad misaRebia sakiTxis
gadatan-gadmotana, mxolod ar SeiZleba im wesis miReba, rom wina­
dRidan morCenili sakiTxebi ueWvelaT TavSi movaqcioT da axali
ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi boloSi, _ radgan es iqneboda erTgvar
xel-fexis Sekrva damfuZnebel krebisa, da prezidiums unda hqondes

360
saSualeba, rom gaanawilos dRiuri wesrigi imisdamixedviT, Tu ro­
meli sakiTxi ufro sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovania, da romeli nak­
leb mniSvnelovani, da amis mixedviT moaTavsos wesrigSi. miT ufro,
rom damfuZnebel krebas aqvs ufleba Sescvalos Semdeg wesrigi gan­
saxilvel saqmeebisa. es saerTod. kerZod, rac Seexeba am SekiTxvebis
gadmotanas, es me mgonia araviTar saWiroebiT ar aris gamowveuli.
miT umetes, rom Cven ufro rTuli da didi mniSvnelovani kiTxvebi
gviZevs win. vimeoreb, pirveli mniSvnelovani aris CvenTvis muSaoba.
amas garda Cven gvaqvs sxva kiTxvebic. Tundac is SekiTxva, romelze­
dac kamaTi SevwyviteT da dRes unda gavagrZeloT. exla kidev sxva
SekiTxvis ganxilva rom daviwyoT, es did arev darevas gamoiwvevs,
domxaliviT aireva erTmaneTSi. Cven rom erTi SekiTxva daviwyoT, _
meore ar davasruloT, arc es aris rigiani, da amitom me mgonia, unda
darCes warmodgenili wesrigi. mciredi kanon-proektebi did dros
ar wagvarTmeven, maT gamo didi kamaTi ar dagvWirdeba. Semdeg unda
davamTavroT da mere gadavideT sxva SekiTxvebze. amasTanave mgonia
didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs _ imas, iqneba SekiTxva sxdomis boloSi, Tu
dasawyisSi, da amitom misi gadatan-gadmotana sruliad zedmetia.
Tavmjdomare. batoni gvazava.
giorgi gvazava. (er. dem.) pirvel nawils warmodgenil mosazrebi­
sas veTanxmebi.
me TiTon mogaxseneT, rom SeiZleba, gaurCevel kiTxvebis gad­
motaniT pirvel rigSi, Seferxdes Cveni muSaoba meTqi. magram arc
uyuradRebod datoveba am Cemi kiTxvisa aris SesaZlebeli. Cemi
SekiTxva dasmulia meSvide alagas, da Cveni gamocdilebiT viciT, rom
ise Cqara Cveni muSaoba ar midis, rom dRes CavideT meSvide muxlamde.
ver ganvixilavT.
aq amboben, rom bevri, sakanonmdeblo samuSao gvaqvso. es marTa­
lia, bevri amisTana sakiTxebi aris. magram Tqven damerwmunebiT, rom
is sakiTxi, romelic Cven, erovnul-demokratebma, aRvZeriT Seexeba
sasamarTlos mdgomareobas, esec umTavresi sakiTxia. Tu samarTali
ar aris _ maSin saxelmwifoc ar aris. amas aqcevs yuradRebas Cveni
moyvare da mteri. saWiroa rom mTelma saqarTvelom, mTelma sazoga­
doebam gaigos damfuZnebel krebis azri, Tu rogor uyurebs igi am
sakiTxs. uamisod _ is aRSfoTeba, romelic iyo gamowveuli sazoga­
doebaSi darCeba kidev; yvela im daskvnas gamoitans, maSasadame, rom
samarTali saqarTveloSi ar yofila. es iseTi daskvnaa, da iseTi sa­
frTxe, rom xels SeuSlis yvela Cvens muSaobas, unda iyos erTnairi
fsixologiuri ganwyobileba _ rom ubraloT ki ar iwereba kanonebi,
aramed imas moelis gatareba cxovrebaSi. magram ranairi iqneba es ga­
tareba Tu yvela fiqrobs rom samarTali mZime pirobebSia. umTavre­
sad kanonis gatarebis aucilebeli aris rwmena, rom aris samarTali,
da samarTlis SemweobiT kanoni iqneba daculi da gatarebuli cx­
ovrebaSi. Tu ase ar iqneba, me mgonia Cven muSaobas araviTari mniSvn­

361
eloba ar eqneba. amitom, radganac Cemi SekiTxva Seexeba amisTana did
sakiTxs, me vsTxov damfuZnebel krebas, rom gadasmuli iyos cota win,
mesame alagas. iqneba is kiTxva, romelic arseniZem wamoayena, mere,
maSasadame meoTxed _ iqneba gagrZeleba im SekiTxvisa, romelic aq
Semoitanes eserebma. amis Semdeg ki mexuTe alagas unda iyos usaTuod
is SekiTxva, romelic me Semovitane.
Tavmjdomare. amnairad pirveli winadadeba aris Semotanili so­
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier: kontrolioris arCevis sakiTxi
daisvas mesame alagas. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasa­
dame es sakiTxi daismeba mesame alagas.
meore winadadeba aris erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa. erov­
nuli-­demokratebis winadadeba aseTi aris. mexuTe kiTxvad dRiur
wesrigSi daisvas SekiTxva mTavrobisadmi sasamarTlo palatis Tav­
mjdomaris mixeil mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb. vin aris am wina­
dadebis winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre? umciresoba. maSasadame es
darCeba ise, rogorc wesrigSi aris dasmuli.
pirveli sakiTxi: saboloo teqsti dadgenilebisa damf. kr. xe­
lovnebis komisiisaTvis 100.000 m. gadacemis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebelia qalbatoni soloRaSvilis asuli.

saboloo teqstebi.

q-ni anna soloRaSvili. (moaxsenebs krebas saboloo teqsts dadge­


nilebisas damf. krebis xelovnebis komisiisaTvis 100.000 m. gadacemis
Sesaxeb da saboloo teqsts damfuZnebel krebis wevrTa imunitetis
dekretisas).
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad amtkicebs saboloo teqsts.

saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCeva.

Tavmjdomare. mesame sakiTxi saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCevaa.


sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs TofuriZes.
diomide TofuriZe. social-demokratiuli fraqcia kandidatad
asaxelebs isev filipe gogiCaiSvils.
filipe gogiCaiSvili, rogorc mogexsenebaT, dRemdis iyo saxel­
mwifo kontroliorad da man Tavis Tanamdebobis dros daimsaxura
yuradReba.
igi sindisierad da didis energiiT asrulebda Tavis movaleobas.
Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom igi awic aseve Seasrulebs Tavis
movaleobas, da mitom vasaxelebT mas kandidatad.
Tavmjdomare. am gvarad kandidatad dasaxelebulia filipe gog­
iCaiSvili. sxva kandidati aris Tu ara? sxva kandidati ar aris. arCev­

362
nebi unda moxdes farul kenWis yriT. Tqven gaqvT mand qaRaldi, mx­
olod gTxovT dasweroT.
vTxov krebis wevrs andronikaSvils da maWavarians daeswren ba­
raTebis daTvlis dros.
sanam baraTebis daTvla gaTavdebodes, Cven gadavdivarT Semdeg
sakiTxzed. momxsenebelia krebis wevri guruli.

kanon-proeqti ojaxur mdgomareobiT jarSi


gawvevisagan ganTavisuflebisa.

zaq. guruli. (momxsenebeli). warmodgenili kanon-proeqti erT­


nairi damateba gaxlavT agvistos 20 miRebul saqarTvelos parlamen­
tis mier qveSevrdomebisagan samxedro begris moxdis Sesaxeb.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, am kanonis ZaliT, samxedro begris moxda
evaleba saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes. araviTari SezRudva ojaxur
mdgomareobis mixedviT ar arsebobs.
dRidan am kanonis gamosvlisa, am kanonis muxlma Sehqmna erTgvari
uxerxuloba. nagulisxmebi iyo, rom ojaxi, romelsac am kanonis mixed­
viT ar darCa marCeneli, unda uzrunvelyofil eyoT ekonomiurad, fu­
lis daxmarebiT. es mzrunveloba miCenili hqonda adgilobriv TviT­
marTvelobebs. magram im mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac exla imyofeba
Cveni qveyana, SeuZlebeli gaxda uzrunvelyofa ekonomiurad ojaxebi­
sa, miT umetes, rom erTad-erTi marCenlis damkargveli ufro xSirad
arian glexkacebi, soflis meurneebi da maSasadame ara marto dRiuri
sazrdo akldebaT glexkacebs, aramed ingreva soflis meurneoba da
amnairad, veraviTar daxmarebiT, gareSe daxmarebiT ver istumrebdnen
imas, rac akldeboda am erT marCenelis dakargviT, an, am SemTxvevaSi
ukeT rom vsTqvaT, erTad-erT muSis dakargvas. amitom, am kanonis ga­
mocemis Semdeg, es uxerxuloba yvela fexis gadadgmaze xvdeboda mas,
visac es exeboda da Tqven naxavdiT yvela mazraSi, yovel sazogadoe­
baSi, TiTqmis yovel dRe mosul aseT ojaxis wevrebs, romelnic acxa­
debdnen _ am mdgomareobidan gamogviyvaneTo. es ki ase advili ar iyo.
Tavis-Tavad cxadia, rom yvelaze meti mTxovnelebani da Txovne­
bi awydeboda saministros. da bolos Seiqmna iseTi mdgomareoba, rom
sxva gamosavlis gamounaxavobis gamo, TviT samxedro saministro iZu­
lebuli iyo esargebla Tavis uflebiT da iZulebuli iyo droebiT
daTxovniT daekmayofilebina daCagruli ojaxebi, vinaidan sxva gamo­
savals ver xedavdnen. es kiTxva ismeboda sazogado krebebzedac ki.
da ara marto erTad-erT marCenel Svilebis ojaxebi, aramed sazoga­
doebebis mTeli krebebi winaaRmdegni iyvnen am kanonis ase gatarebisa
da gamohqondaT dadgenileba, rom saTanado dawesebulebas, saTanado
saministros Seecvala es kanoni da erTad-erTi marCeneli Svilebi
ojaxebisTvis daebrunebinaT.

363
amis gamo iyo, rom exlac, samxedro komisiaSi, damfuZnebel krebis
samxedro komisiaSi da samxedro saministroSiac, erT da imave dros
dabadebuliyo es kiTxvebi. maSin, rodesac samxedro komisiam daadgi­
na, rom Semdeg krebaze daisvas es kiTxva da TviT aiRos iniciativa aseT
kanon-proeqtis Setanisa, gamoirkva, rom samxedro saministros ukve
mzad hqonda es kanon-proeqti da ukve gamougzavna samxedro komisias.
da ai yvela am mizezis gamo, samxedro komisiam miiRo es kanon-proeqti
da gidgenT Tqven gansaxilvelad.
kanoniT Tavisufldebian ara marto dedis-erTebi, rogorc es
Zveli kanonis wesiT iyo, aramed erTad-erTi marCeneli. marto ded­
is-erTa ki ara, SeiZleba ramdenime Zmis patronic ki ganTavisufldeba
samxedro begarisagan am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT mxolod maSin, Tu is
warmoadgens erTad-erT marCenels ojaxisas. aseT movaleobisagan ar
Tavisufldeba Tu is, faqtiurad, ar aris ojaxis marCeneli, ese igi,
Tu ojaxi iseTia, romlis wevri ar muSaobs, Tu Tavis qonebiT uzrun­
velyofilia, Tavis SemosavliT irCens Tavs. Semdeg am proeqtis Zal­
iT, mkvidr Svilebad iTvlebian agredve gerebi, Tu isini arCenen mami­
nacvals da dedinacvals da Svilobili, Tu is naSvilebia manam, sanam
10 weliwadi Seusruldeboda.
ai aseTi aris, daaxlovebiT, azri da mizani am kanon-proeqtisa,
romlis Sesaxeb samxedro komisia winadadebas gaZlevT, miiRoT da
gadaxvideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis surgulaZes.
petre surgulaZe. (n.-d.) batonebo! marTalia sazogadod, samxe­
dro begara aris erTi iseTi mZime movaleobaTagani, romelic xSirad
moqalaqes awuxebs da afiqrebinebs, rom es movaleoba Tavidan aicdi­
nos, magram isic marTalia, rom Tu vinmes surs isargeblos saxelmwi­
foebrivi Semoqmedebis nayofiT, movale aris, agreTve am saxelmwifos
winaSe imuSaos da daicvas es saxelmwifo yovelgvar saSiSroebisagan.
kanoni, romelic iyo winaT miRebuli, cxovrebaSi ver gatarda.
aqedan, ar SegviZlian Cven is daskvna gamovitanoT, rom es kanoni Ses­
aferi ar iyo cxovrebisTvis.
mizezi, romlis gamo es kanoni cxovrebaSi ar gatarda, ar imaleba
am kanonis uvargisobaSi, aramed es mizezi aris damarxuli swored
im sazogadoebriv ganwyobilebaSi, im sazogadoebriv daulagebloba­
Si, romelic dRes arsebobs CvenSi. kanonis ZaliT yovelive moqalaqe,
jaris kacis hasakSi myofi _ movale iyo jarSi wasuliyo da am jaris
kacis ojaxs, romelsac ar SeuZlian arseboba, radganac misi marCene­
li jarSi gaiyvanes, unda daxmareboda saxelmwifo. saxelmwifom es
movaleoba ver aasrula swored imitom, rom is organoebi, romel­
sac saxelmwifom daavala am movaleobis asruleba, jer kidev wesi­
erad ver moqmedeben da, rasakvirvelia, am niadagze, xalxSi Seiqmna
ukmayofileba. maSasadame, Tu Cven wesieri gziT vivliT, _ es Zveli
kanoni Cven unda davtovoT, rogorc kanoni da unda vecadoT, rom Tu

364
dRemdi saxelmwifom ver SesZlo Tavisi movaleobis asruleba imaT
winaSe, visi ojaxic saWiroebda am daxmarebas, _ dRes mainc wesierad
moeqces, daavalos erTxel kidev da aiZulos is organizaciebi, ro­
melTac winaT davalebuli hqondaT am daxmarebis gaweva, Seasrulos
es Tavisi movaleoba.
ratom unda moviqceT ese? saqme imaSi aris, rom saxelmwifos ar­
seboba da keTildReoba umTavresad aris damyarebuli mis moralur
Zalaze, im ndobaze, romelic moqalaqes aqvs am saxelmwifosadmi. Tu
es ndoba ar aris, maSin moqalaqeebSi mudam aris erTnairi sayveduri,
erTnairi miTqma-moTqma da cda, rom ama Tu im pirma Tavi daixsnas im
valdebulobisagan, romelic saxelmwfom mas daakisra. swored, Tu es
kanoni miviReT, maSin CvenSi mravlad gaCndebian maZiebelni samxedro
samsaxurisagan ganTavisuflebisa. da rom es ese aris, amas mowmobs
samxedro ministri, romelmac moisurva windawin ganxorcieleba am
wesisa da ganTavisufleba im pirebisa, romlebic iTvlebian erTad
erT marCenlebad. uTvalavi mowmoba, rasakvirvelia yalbi mowmoba
Tavs daayares b. ministrs, da ministrma, rodesac Sewuxda, _ SeaC­
era Tavisi gankargulebiT am dadgenilebis gatareba. maSasadame, es
kanon-proeqti, rom daakanonoT, amas ara sasurveli Sedegebi mohyve­
ba swored zneobriv: uTvalavi kaci daiwyebs Zebnas, rom gaanTavisu­
flon samxedro begarisagan; uTvalavi yalbi mowmoba daiwereba da is
pirni, romelsac Tqven am movaleobas daakisrebT, ra ki warmoudgenen
sabuTebs, _ sazogadoeba, adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba iZulebulni
iqnebian am gvarad Zalauneburad siyalbe gaamravlon da xeli Seu­
wyon mas. rom es ase iqneba amas laparaki ar unda. aiReT es SeniSvna.
(kiTxulobs).
ras niSnavs „qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa?“ vin aris uzrunvelyo­
fili? vin ara? vin aris amis mosamarTle? es iseTi Zneli gadasawyve­
tia, rom am niadagze aTasnairi mikerZoeba SeiZleba moxdes. amitom,
saxelmwifo iseT kanonebs unda awesebdes, romlis ganxorcielebis
dros, rac SeiZleba naklebi borotmoqmedeba da avkacoba xdebodes.
es kanoni ki iseTia, rom rac SeiZleba, gaamravlebs borotmoqmedebas
da gagviWirebs cxovrebas.
meores mxriv, yvelasTvis savaldebulo samxedro begara arc is­
eTi mZimea, rogorc es iyo winaT. winaT samxedro begaraSi gawveuli
Sordeboda Tavis samSoblos didi xniT, swydeboda im sazogadoebas,
sadac mas SeeZlo daxmareba da zneobrivi gamxneveba epovna; agreTve
ar SeeZlo xSirad Tavis ojaxSi misuliyo. dRes Cven SegviZlian ase
Tu ise, Tu sruliad ar avicdinoT Tavidan aseTi SemTxvevani, _ Sevam­
ciroT, SevamokloT mainc. imitom rom, rogorc mogexsenebaT saqarT­
velo jer erTi, Tavis Tavad did teritorias ar warmoadgens. maSa­
sadame, jarSi gawveulni pirni, samxedro begaras, Tu omi ar aris, _
moixdian im adgilas, sadac arian dabadebulni, sadac scxovroben. ma­
Sasadame isini ar swydebian Tavis ojaxebs, rogorc iyo winaT.

365
erTi es.
meore, _ axlo momavalSi damfuZnebel krebas warudgeba kanon-pro­
eqti samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb. me darwmunebuli var, rom dam­
fuZnebeli kreba samxedro samsaxuris vadas, ramdenadac ki SesaZle­
beli aris, Seamcirebs. maSasadame, didi xniT aravin Tavis ojaxs ar
moSordeba.
Semdeg, Cven ver vityviT, rom Cven sakmaod Zlierni viyoT moqa­
laqobrivi SegnebiT. yovelive gamonaklisi, yovelive upiratesoba
moqalaqeTa Soris Segnebas amcirebs da asustebs. piriqiT, rodesac
movaleoba sazogadoebrivi Tanasworad ganawilebulia, da swored
ramdenadac es Tanasworad da samarTlianad ganawilebulia, _ imde­
nad es sazogadoebrivi movaleobis Segneba ufro Zlieria.
amitom, yvela am mosazrebis gamo da agreTve, im mosazrebis gamo,
rom Tavis dacva, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis Senaxva, unda iyos
umaRlesi mizani mTeli qarTveli erisa da misi sakanonmdeblo orga­
nosi, me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti, romelic swored am Tavdacvas
amcirebs, _ uaryofili unda iyos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs.
samxedro ministri ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrno!
is mosazrebani, romelic aq b. surgulaZem wamoayena, me mgonia
saqmisTvis Seuferebelia. piriqiT, is mTavari mosazrebani, romleb­
zedac is eyrdnoboda, winaaRmdeg daskvnamdis migviyvanen. umTavre­
sad, razedac damfuZnebeli krebis wevri eyrdnoboda mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom Cveni yoveli ZalRoniT unda gavamagroT mTavrobis Za­
la-gavlena da amitom unda SevecadoT im kanonebis, romelic gamoce­
mulia, sisruleSi moyvanas. me ki mgonia, mTavrobis da damfuZnebeli
krebis movaleobas Seadgens, Tu marTlac romelime dadgenileba an
kanoni Sesaferisi ar gamodga cxovrebisaTvis, aucileblad saWiroa
misi Secvla. me unda mogaxsenoT, rom marTlac, im xnis ganmavlobaSi,
rac moqmedebda es kanoni samxedro begris moxdis Sesaxeb, Cven aSkarad
davinaxeT, rom erTi nawili am kanonisa marTlac gamousadegaria. me
saxeSi maqvs is mxare, romelic exeba jarSi marCenalTa gawvevas. mar­
Tali aris, rom yvela saSualebiT unda vcdilobdeT, rom araviTar
privilegias, demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, adgili ar hqondes. da
Tu marTlac Cven am mosazrebidan gamovediT, rasakvirvelia b. sur­
gulaZe marTali iqneba. magram aq aris laparaki ara privilegiaze,
aramed im aucilebel moTxovnilebaze, romelic nakarnaxevia Cveni
politikur-socialuri mdgomareobiT. Tqven unda iqonioT mxedve­
lobaSi erTi garemoeba. Cven gvWiria iseTi samxedro Zala, romelic
yovelmxriv SekavSirebuli iqneba, iseTi Zala, romelsac yovelTvis
daeyrdnoba Cveni respublika. da me gekiTxebiT Tqven: am Tvalsazris­
iT, marTlac gana is Sesworeba, romelic Cven SemovitaneT savsebiT
misaRebi ar aris? jarSi gahyavT erTad-erTi marCenali da Tqven iciT

366
im tradiciis mixedviT, romelic CvenSi arsebobs, es mTel xalxs savse­
biT ukanonoT miaCniaT. es aris, xalxis SexedulobiT, metis-metad us­
amarTlo nabiji. aseT Sexedulebas adgili aqvs, rasakvirvelia, TviT
jarSiac. amitom, iq, Zalauneburad vrceldeba aseTi azri, da yvela
is pirebi, romelnic TiTqos msxverplad gaxdnen am usamarTlobisa,
erTnair gamoZaxils yovel Tavis amxanagSi hpoveben da amiTi jaris
simtkices xels uSlian. me gadaWriT vamtkiceb, rom swored es zoma
erTi im saSualebaTagani aris, romelic xels uwyobs ara Cveni jaris
Seqmnas, aramed mis dauZlurebas.
magram aq aris kidev meore mosazreba. Tqven albad mogexsenebaT,
rom Cven vcdilobdiT pirveli kanon-proeqtiT, romelic Semdeg
miiRo saqarTvelos parlamentma, Cven vcdilobdiT raime daxmareba
aRmogveCina maTTvis, romelnic, marTlac, sruliad umweod darCnen
marCenalTa jarSi gawvevis gamo. magram Tqven isic iciT, rom Cven es
ver SevZeliT. da im mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac imyofeboda saxelm­
wifo erTis mxriv da meores mxriv adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobebi,
am dapirebis ganxorcieleba Cven ar SegveZlo. Tu es zoma iwvevda
sazogadoebaSi arev-darevas, es kidev ufro iwvevda da aucileblad­
ac gamoiwvevda Cven ekonomiur da finansiur daqanebas.
Semdeg erTi mosazrebaa kidev. moqalaqeno, marTlac es Seswore­
ba aucilebeli iqneboda, rom finansiuri mosazreba ar moiTxovdes
jaris reorganizacias, razedac me aq ar mogaxsenebT, amis Sesaxeb Sem­
deg iqneba msjeloba, romelic savsebiT eTanxmeba im winadadebas, ro­
melic dRes aq Cven SemovitaneT. CvenTvis sakmao Zala im SemTxvevaSiac
uzrunvelyofili iqneba Tu Tqven daadasturebT im winadadebas, im
kanon-proeqts, romelic samxedro saministrom Semoitana da romel­
ic miiRo samxedro komisiam. rom marTlac am mxriv arsebobdes raime
safrTxe, rom Cven ar vyofiliyaviT uzrunvelyofilni im winadadebis
miRebiT, sakmao ZalebiT, maSin, rasakvirvelia, winadadeba b. surgula­
Zisa misaRebi iqneboda. da Cven marTlac amisdamixedviT unda mogvemar­
Ta Cveni samxedro saqmeebi. magram me gadaWriT vamtkiceb, rom aseTi
safrTxe marTlac ar arsebobs da amitomac im mosazrebaTa gamo, rome­
lic me gamovsTqvi aq, aucileblad saWiroa am kanon-proeqtis miReba.
mTeli Cveni xalxis Sexeduloba, misi tradiciebi, agreTve dRe­
vandeli Cveni ekonomiuri da finansiuri mdgomareoba aucileblad
moiTxovs am kanon-proeqtis miRebas da me darwmunebuli var, rom dam­
funebeli kreba amas angariSs gauwevs da rasakvirvelia, amiT is xels
Seuwyobs ara jaris darRvevas, romelzedac aq laparakoben, aramed,
piriqiT mis ufro gaZlierebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs anjafariZes.
giorgi anjafariZe (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, Cveni fraqcia momxrea am
kanon-proeqtisa da mxars dauWers mis muxlobriv garCevas. is Ses­
worebebi, romelic Semoitana damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma p. sur­
gulaZem, CvenTvis ar aris misaRebi.

367
mosazreba, viTomc saWiro iyos mxolod materialur daxmarebis
gaweva im ojaxebisa, romelT marCenalni jarSi iqnebian gawveulni da
kiTxva amiT gadaiWrebao. ukve cxovrebam sruliad daarRvia. saqme mar­
to imaSi ki ar aris, rom Cven ar SegviZlian sakmao daxmarebis gaweva.
Tqven momxsenebelma ukve gangimartaT is, rom umravlesoba am jarSi
gawveulTa aris soflis muSebi. isini ewevian saxlSi meurneobas, maSa­
sadame, rodesac isini Tavis meurneobas moakldebian, aSkaraa, rom ara
Tu maTi ojaxebi ganicdian qonebriv xelmokleobas, aramed irRveva
maTi meurneoba, da Tu meurneoba dairRva, rasakvirvelia misi xelax­
lad aSeneba Zalian Zneli iqneba. rasakvirvelia, samSoblos dacva _
diadi saqmea. magram, Tu samSoblos dacvasTan erTad ar iqneba zurgi
gamagrebuli, samSoblos dacva ar SeiZleba. Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom
am kanoniT isargeblebdnen zogierTni da Caidenen raime borotebas,
magram amisTvis kanoni aris, romelic pasuxisgebaSi miscems am borot­
moqmedT. ar SeiZleba kanonis uaryofa, mxolod imitom, rom mas viRac
daarRvevs, an misiT cudaT isargeblebs, yovel kanonis Samovla Sei­
Zleba, magram kanonis uaryofa amitom yovlad SeuZlebelia. arc is mo­
sazrebaa misaRebi, rom yvela jarSi gawveulni Cvens qveyanaSi darCeba
da amitom mainc da mainc Tavis saxl-kars Sors ar gascildebao. oja­
xis erTma marCenalma unda mouaros Tavis meurneobas da jarSi yofna
ki amis saSualebas ar miscems rac unda axlo iyos igi Tavis saxlidgan.
magram Tu ki mas saxlisken eqneba Tvali, es jarSi dezorganizacias
Seitans da mas ki verafers sargeblobas ver moutans. dids da mZime
tvirTs Seadgens sazogadod samxedro begara: Cveni Sexeduleba amis
Sesaxeb yvelam kargad icis, magram exla Cven iseT mdgomareobas gan­
vicdiT, rom samxedro begaris jer-jerobiT mowyoba ar SeiZleba.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom unda Seiqmnas iseTi pirobebi, rom am samxedro
begaris moxdis dros, rac SeiZleba naklebi gaWireba ganicados moqa­
laqem Tu ki rom saWiroeba winaaRmdegs ar moiTxovs. ai am mosazrebiT
Cven mxars dauWerT kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. kamaTi dasrulebu­
lia. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
zaqaria guruli. (momxsenebeli) batoni surgulaZe gamodis mTa­
var debulebidan, rom yvela movale aris moixados vali samSoblos
winaSe, imsaxuros jarSi. magram miT umetes, rogorc samxedro komi­
siis wevrs daaviwydeba, rom im xalxs, erTad erT marCenelT, romlis
Sesaxeb dRes Cven vlaparakobT, Cven maT ki ar vanTavisuflebT savse­
biT samSoblos dacvisagan: Cven vanTavisuflebT mudmiv samsaxurisa­
gan da mudmiv saTadarigo jarSi Caricxvisagan, da amave dros isini
gadaricxulni iqnebian marqafa laSqarSi, da Tu samSoblos dacva
moiTxovs maT gawvevas jarSi da samsaxurs, isini gawveulni iqnebian.
amitom Cven vcvliT parlamentis mier miRebul kanonis muxls SeRava­
Tis Sesaxeb, magram ar vcvliT da ZalaSi vtovebT me-6 muxls, romel­
ic laparakobs: (kiTxulobs). ase rom isini savsebiT ganTavisuflebu­

368
li ar arian samSoblos dacvisagan, magram, isini ganTavisuflebuli
arian mudmiv nawilebSi yofnisagan da mudmiv saTadarigo nawilebSi
gadaricxvisagan.
b. surgulaZe brZanebs, rom Tu aqamdisin ver movawyeT maTi dax­
mareba es imitom, rom adgilobrivi TviTmarTveloba exla ewyoba. da
rodesac mowyobili iqneba is SesZlebs amas da mTavrobam unda aiZu­
los. magram, rogorc damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma anjafariZem upa­
suxa da mec moxsenebaSi ganvmarte, rom jer erTi, didi daxmareba exla
Zalian Zneli aris, ramdeni fuli unda misceT ojaxs, rom exla Tavi
Seinaxos, erTi fuTi simindis sasyidlaT dasWirdebaT 100 maneTi, da
ramden xans unda eyos es Tqveni daxmareba, magram Tqveni micemuli dax­
mareba, ramdenic ar unda misceT, kacma rom rigianaT Seinaxos ojaxi,
Wirnaxulic, rom iyidoT, romelic saWiro aris, verafers ver uSv­
elis, is isev damSeuli iqneba da gaWirebuli iqneba. misi meurneoba
dairRveva Tu is venaxs ar daToxnis, ar morwyavs, ar mouvlis is mas
sagaisoT mosavals ar miscems.
meore mTavari mosazreba kidev, ratom ar unda miviRoT es
kanon-proeqti, Turme aris is, rom borotmoqmedoba iqneba aqedanao. me
mgonia, rom Tu amaze wava saqme ufro meti borotmomqmedoba SeiZleba
iqnes, ufro meti borotmoqmedoba SeiZleba Caidinon imaT, vinc Tavi­
sufldebian avantyofobis gamo. iseTi borotmomqmedi, romelsac hyavs
Zma, Sromis unaris mqone, mama, Sromis unaris mqone, da romelsac unda
daimalos, borotmoqmedeba Caidinos, ufro glaxa mdgomareobaSia
Tavis saqmis asrulebaSi, vidre is romelic avantyofi ar aris magram
avaTmyofobis gamo ganTavisuflebulia. aq xSirad eqimic ver gaigebs
Tu namdvili avadmyofia, da advilad gaakeTebs borotmoqmedobas.
magram gana vinme ityvis amis gamo es punqti miuRebelia, rom borot­
momqmedni Tavisufldebian jaris samsaxuridan da amitom avadmyofebi
unda waviyvanoTo. me mgonia arc erTi Wkuaze myofi adamiani ver ityvis
amis gamo, rom kutebi, munjebi da sxva da sxva sneulebis mqone adamiane­
bi daudoT uremze da waviyvanoT jaris nawilebSio. borotmoqmedo­
ba ukve daiwyo, brZanebs b. surgulaZe. es borotmoqmedoba daiwyo im
niadagze, rom b. ministrma windawin gasca brZaneba jaridan droebiT
gaenTavisuflebiaT, daeTxovnaT is pirebi, romelnic exla msaxuroben
jarSi, magram Seadgenen erTad erT muSas ojaxSi. es SeiZleba exla
moxda, magram moxda imitom, rom jerjerobiT im nawilebis ufrosebs
da TviTmarTvelobas romelTac es neba miecaT, ar aqvs araviTari di­
reqtivebi, araviTari saxelmZRvanelo, riTac unda gadaswyviton er­
Tad erTi marCenalis anda gasanTavisuflebelis vinaoba, da amitom
SeiZleba maT ver gamoirkvies Tavis droze es. rodesac am kanon-pro­
eqts kanonaT vaqcevT da saxelmZRvanelod mivcemT, imaT eqnebaT ukve
saxelmZRvanelo da amisdagvarad iseve moiqcevian.
mere baton surgulaZes Znelad miaCnia, saZnelo gamosarkvevad mi­
aCnia is, ro ver gavigeb vin aris ekonomiurad uzrunvelyofili. me

369
mgonia is dawesebuleba, romelsac es aqvs mindobili, da mindobili
am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT, amisi garkveva aqvs adgilobriv TviTmmarT­
velobebs, _ maT ar gauWirdebaT imis gamorkveva, Tu vin aris ekonomi­
urad uzrunvelyofilni. aq igulisxmeba Tavis Tavad is, vinc imdenad
uzrunvelyofili aris, rom Sroma ar sWiria. aris iseTi SemTxve­
va, rom erTad erTi Svili hyavs adamians, is aris marCeneli Teore­
Tiulad, magram praqtikulad ki arafers ar akeTebs, radganac aqvs
Sesanaxi, da arc mama misi muSaobs da arc Svili. amisTanebs kanoni ar
stovebs saxlSi. samsaxuris vada cota iqnebao, da Tan axlo iqnebian
saxlzeo, magram es mosazreba, romelic aq moiyvana b. surgulaZem, mis­
aRebi ar aris. me mgonia 10 verszed iqneba saxlzed daSorebuli Tu
100 verssze, is saxlSi ver imuSavebs. Cven gvinda, rom is jarSi iyos
da jarSi msaxurobdes. Tu jaridan wavida da saxlSi muSaobs, _ maSin
gauSviT yvela eseTi pirni, maSin tanisamosi, ratom unda mivceT an
ulufa ratom unda dauniSnoT.
rac Seexeba imas, rom es upiratesoba ar unda mivceT, samxedro minis­
trma ukve upasuxa, rom upiratesoba ki ar aris, es samarTlianoba aris.
da imis Tqma, rom TiTon samarTlianobis dasacavad aris saWiro,
rom xalxSi erTgvari demoralizacia ar iyos Setanili, _ zedmeti
aris, vinaidan xalxma TiTon ramdenjerme, sxva da sxva adgilebSi
mitingebze, dadgenileba gamoitana, rom es usamarTloba mospeTo.
ese igi, usamarTlod sTvlis ara imas, rom ar mihyavT, aramed imas,
rom mihyavT erTad erTi marCenali. da xalxi gana sxva kiTxvebSiac ese
ar iqceva?
aviRoT gadasaxadebi. TiTon isini arian Tanaxmani, rom Raribeb­
ma ar gadixadon bevri, da zedmets TiTon ixdian. Tavis Tavad cxadia,
rom ese iqceva xalxi aqac. roca xedavs, rom ojaxi ingreva, colSvili,
moxucebuli ded-mama SimSils ganicdis, isini amboben _ es usamarTlo­
ba ariso, ikribebian da dadgenileba gamoaqvT, rom gasworebuli iyos
es usamarTloba. ai aseTi aris mdgomareoba. es aris deda azri am pro­
eqtisa da me samxedro komisiis saxeliT winadadebas viZlevi miiRoT
es kanon-proeqti.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gad­
asvlisa? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. miRebulia Tanaxmad reglamentisa,
ganxilva moxdeba momaval krebaze, 7 dRis Semdeg.

saxelmwifo kontrolioris arCevanis Sedegi.

Tavmjdomare. sanam Semdeg kanon-proeqtis ganxilvaze gadavalT,


mogaxsenebT Sedegs kenWis yrisas.
saxelmwifo kontrolioris Tanamdebobaze dasaxelebuli filipe
gogiCaiSvili amorCeulia Semdeg xmebiT: monawileoba miiRo 66 kacma,
aqedan 61 baraTi aris momxresi.

370
winaaRmdeg misca xma 2-ma.
1 Tavi Seikava.
2 aRmoCnda carieli.
amgvarad saxelmwifo kontroliorad arCeulia filipe gogi­
CaiSvili.
Semdegi, _ qveSevrdomobis kanoni. momxsenebelia krebis wevri sa­
yvareliZe.

moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqti.

pavle sayvareliZe. batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis sakonstitucio


komisiam moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb Semoitana axali mTliani kanon-proeq­
ti Tanaxmad damfuZnebel krebis survilisa, romelic gamoiTqva erT-
erT ukanasknel sxdomaze.
kanon-proeqti aris mTliani im azriT, rom iq aris gadmotanili
yvela is arsebiTi muxlebi, romelic iyo miRebuli pirvel kanoniT, im
kanoniT, romelic miiRo erovnulma sabWom.
am mxriv am kanonSi aris yvela is ZiriTadi debulebebi, romelic
arsebiTad Seexebian moqalaqeobas da romelic Setanili unda iqnes
Semdeg ZiriTad sakonstitucio kanonebSi. am azriT es kanoni aris
mTliani. sazogadoT unda mogaxsenoT, rom es sakiTxi rTuli sakiT­xia,
iuridiul mecnierebaSi moqalaqeobis sakiTxi. xalxi aucilebelia
saxelmwifosTvis, es TavisTavad cxadia, saxelmwifo emyareba xalxs,
ise rogorc teritorias. ase rom uxalxod SeuZlebelia warmovidgi­
noT saxelmwifo. xalxi ki, _ es Semkreblobaa moqalaqeTa, anu qveSevr­
domTa. xalxi saxelmwifoebriv TvalsazrisiT, aris krebuli qveSevr­
domebisa, krebuli moqalaqeebisa. amitom moqalaqeobis sakiTxi aris
erTi udides sakiTxTagani. ras Seicavs moqalaqeoba?
Sinaarsi moqalaqeobisa Seicavs erTis mxriT uflebas, uflebaTa
mTel rigs, meores mxriv movaleobaTa mTel rigs amave moqalaqisas.
maSasadame, moqalaqe aris aRWurvili gansazRvruli uflebebiT da
moqalaqes aqvs gansazRvruli movaleoba saxelmwifos mimarT. moqa­
laqe aris valdebuli Seasrulos saxelmwifos winaSe mTeli rigi
movaleobisa da amave dros moqalaqe aris aRWurvili uflebebiT
saxelmwifos mimarT.
ra aris movaleoba moqalaqisa? movaleoba moqalaqisa mdgomare­
obs imaSi, rom is emorCileba saxelmwifos, valdebulia daemorCilos
da amave dros valdebulia erTguli iyos saxelmwifosi. es aris Zir­
iTadi arsebiTi movaleoba moqalaqisa. mas ar SeuZlia ar daemorCi­
los saxelmwifos, saxelmwifos ZiriTad Zala-uflebas, mis suvereno­
bas. meores mxriv moqalaqes aqvs uflebac. marto movaleoba ar aris
moqalaqisTvis, is aris da aRWurvili unda iyos uflebiTac. mas aqvs
ufleba Tavisuflad laparakisa, moqmedebis da sxv. garda amisa mas

371
aqvs politikuri uflebebi, imisTana uflebebi, romliTac moqalaqeni
sargebloben. Cven avirCevT, magaliTad, adgilobriv TviTmarTvelo­
baSi, virCevT sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebaSi da sxva. am gvaria arse­
biTi mcneba moqalaqeobisa.
Tqven kargad iciT, rom dRevandel ganviTarebis safexurze
saxelmwifoebi cal-calke arseboben. SeiZleba moveswroT im dros,
rodesac saxelmwifoebi gaerTiandebian, SeiZleba kacobrioba moes­
wros im dros, rodesac saxelmwifoebi cal-calke aRar iqnebian.
rodesac erTi saerTaSoriso, raRac sakanonmdeblo organo Seiqmne­
ba. da maSin SeiZleba TviTon mcneba qveSevrdomobisa Seicvalos. es
SeiZleba, magram, es Soris aris Cvengan. dRevandel dRes ki saxelm­
wifoni arseboben cal-calke da sxva da sxva ganviTarebis safexurze
sdganan. amitom moqalaqeobis sakiTxi dRes wydeba saxelmwifoebriv,
nacionalur sazRvrebSi. yvela saxelmwifos Tavisi sakuTari kanoni
aqvs Tavisi moqalaqeobisa.
aris ramdenime saxelmwifo, romlebic xelSekrulebas deben urT­
ierT Soris moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad Sveicaria da safrange­
Ti sdeben xelSekrulebas, rom daaxlovebiT erTgvari kanonmdebloba
iyos. nakarnaxevia es im mosazrebiT, rom konfliqti ar moxdes am or
saxelmwifos Sua. magaliTad aris sxva saxelmwifoebi. davasaxeleb
germanias da SeerTebul Statebs da samxreT amerikis saxelmwifoT.
germania da samxreT amerikis respublikebis Soris aris erTgvari xe­
lSekruleba, romlis ZaliT magaliTad, germaneli, rodesac gadava
am saxelmwifoebSi da gansakuTrebul dros ganmavlobaSi icxovrebs
iq, xdeba lo ipso iqaur saxelmwifos moqalaqe. amave dros, iqaur saxel­
mwifos moqalaqe, Tu gadmova germaniaSi gansazRvrul vadis ganmav­
lobaSi, xdeba Tavis Tavad germaniis moqalaqe. naturalizaciis wesi
ar aris saWiro, am gvari xelSekrulebani aris. magram, udides SemTx­
vevaSi, sxva da sxva kanonmdeblobaa, da araviTari SeTanxmeba ar aris
moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. aqedan ibadeba udidesi sakiTxi saerTaSoriso
kerZo uflebis. es gaxlavT uflebaTa kolizia, uflebaTa Setakeba.
Zalauneburad Setakeba xdeba, rodesac uflebis gamomcemeli erTi
da igive araa. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi uflebas scems damfuZnebeli
kreba. es aris uaRresi wyaro uflebisa. sxvagan, magaliTad ruseTSi,
azerbaijanSi sxva uflebis wyaroa. amnairad, SesaZlebelia iq sxvanai­
ri kanoni miiRon da Cveni kanoni daetakos im kanons. amgvarad xdeba
erTgvari kolizia uflebaTa. didi cda aris, rom es kolizia ar gax­
des, ar iyos winaaRmdegoba. magram jer-jerobiT es unayofoa. Tu ar
miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im oriode SemTxvevas, romelzedac me migi­
TiTeT. (Tavmjdomaris alags iWers al. lomTaTiZe).
raSi aris es kolizia? ai raSi aris. sazogadoT kiTxvas moqalaqe­
obisas aqvs ori dasawyisi, ori principi.
erTi principia, principi sisxlisa, STamomavlobisa, principi
warmoSobisa; da meore _ principi teritorialuri. vTqvaT Cvenis

372
fiqriT saqarTvelos moqalaqis Svili sadac unda daibados is, _ aris
saqarTvelos moqalaqe. es aris sisxlis principi. magaliTad safran­
geTSi cxovrobs qarTveli, is aris Cveni moqalaqe, misi Svili iTvleba
saqarTvelos moqalaqed. meore principi sul sxva aris. aviRoT, saqar­
Tvelos moqalaqe ucxo saxelmwifoSi cxovrobs, mas iq Svili daebada,
is CaiTvleba im saxelmwifos moqalaqed. es ori principi upirdapir­
deba erTmaneTs. zogierT saxelmwifos aqvs sisxlis, STamomavlobis
principi, es aris germanul uflebis qveynebi. magram sxva saxelmwifo­
Si ar iziareben, da aRiareben teritorialur principsa. magaliTad,
sam­xreT amerikis respublikebi Cili, brazilia da sx. agreTve dania
_ isini ageben moqalaqeobas da qveSevrdomobas teritorialur prin­
cipze. daniis moqalaqes CvenSi Svili rom daebados, is iqneba daniis
kanonis ZaliT saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
magram aris mesame rigi saxelmwifoebisa, romelic aerTianeben am
or princips, es aris mesame Sereuli principi, magaliTad safrangeTi.
sazogadod laTinuri saxelmwifoebi teritoriis princips aRiareb­
den, magram Semdeg iZulebuli gaxdnen qedi moexaraT STamomavlobiTi
principis winaSe da Sereuli sistema, Sereuli principi eRiarebiaT.
Cveni qveSevrdomobis kanoni uaRresad xazs usvams pirvel prin­
cips. igi ufro sisxlis da STamomavlobis princips aZlevs upirateso­
bas. magram teritorialur principsac ar uarvyofT savsebiT. WeS­
maritebaa, rom germaniis kanonmdebloba uaRresad dawinaurebuli
da progresiulia, aq STamomavlobis princips upiratesobas aZleven
meore principze, teritoriis principze. germaniis principi lapa­
rakobs, rom moqalaqe da misi Svili, sadac unda daibados is aris im
saxelmwifos moqalaqe, saidanac gamosuli aris. am princips aqvs upi­
ratesoba, sakonstitucio komisiam upirvelesad yovlisa miaqcia yur­
adReba am princips. saqarTvelos moqalaqis Svili, vambobT Cven, sadac
unda daibados, aq Tu sazRvar-gareT, saqarTvelos moqalaqe mamisagan
Sobili aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe.
moqalaqeobas aqvs ori mxare: erTi is, rodesac ibadeba moqalaqeo­
ba, meore is, rodesac ikargeba es moqalaqeoba.
pirvel yovlisa dabadebiT moipoveba moqalaqeoba, meore qor­
winebiT. magaliTad saqarTvelos moqalaqe iTxovs ucxo saxelmwifos
qals colad, misi coli xdeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT. Semdeg natu­
ralizaciiT, SvilebiT. mag. iSvileb ucxo tomis bavSvs, romelic xde­
ba Cveni moqalaqe. rogor ikargeba moqalaqeoba? ikargeba igi natu­
ralizaciiT sxva saxelmwifoSi, qorwinebiT da sxv.
aq saintereso aris dapirispireba Cveni moqalaqisa da ucxoeli­
sa. ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris? zogierTni, gansakuTrebiT eserebi,
kritikas ukeTeben Cvens kanons. yvelas unda mivceT uflebao, unda
gavaTanasworoTo. Cven ki vzRudavT, kedels vaSenebT, varCevT _ es
ucxoelia, es Cveni moqalaqeao da sx. es didi seriozuli sakiTxia da
ese gadawyveta misi, rom yvela adamianebi varT da Tanaswori ufleba

373
mivceT yvelas, raki aq arian unda miiRon monawileoba yvelam Tanasw­
oraTo _ SeuZlebelia, es iqneba darRveva yovelive saxelmwifoebri­
obisa da es Cven ar SegviZlian.
ratom varT winaaRmdegi, rom ucxoels hqondes iseTive ufle­
ba, rogoric aqvs Cvens moqalaqes? Cven vambobT, rom mivceT aseTi
uflebebi ucxoelT, romelnic Semovlen aq saqarTveloSi _ ufleba
politikuri, SesaZlebelia saxelmwifoSi sruli arev-dareva moxdes.
warmoidgineT, rom yvela ruseTidan CamosulT, yvela germanels, an
ingliselebs, romelnic arian aq, yvelas mivceT ufleba, rom Cven saqme­
Si, Cvens kanonmdeblobaSi monawileoba miiRon, rogorc Cven mkvidrT,
adgilobriv mcxovrebT, es SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia maT imuSaon da
ikanonmdeblon aq, sanam moqalaqeni ar gamxdaran.
rac Seexeba moqalqobriv uflebebs, am sferoSi Cven maT vaTanas­
worebT. xolo politikur uflebiT sargeblobisTvis moqalaqed
gaxdomaa saWiro. es ki ucxoels SeuZlia naturalizaciiT. saWiroa
erTgvari staJis gavla, romlis Semdeg ucxoeli moipovebs Cven mo­
qalaqeobas.
qalis da kacis uflebebze msjeloben aq. warsul krebaze, ro­
gorc maxsovs, eserebma ganacxades qalis Sesaxeb, viTom Cveni azriT
qali nivTi iyos, ucxoelze gaTxovebisas rogor SeiZleba dakargos
Cveni moqalaqeobao. es batonebo, Cveni mogonili ki ar aris, Cven ra
Tqma unda momxreni varT Tanawor uflebebisa, magram SeuZlebelia im
faqtis uaryofa, rom ucxoeTSi gaTxovili qali Sordeba Tavis pir­
vandel samSoblos da kargavs faqtiurad Tavis pirvandel moqalaqeo­
bas. Cveni moqalaqe qali, rom gaTxovdes safrangeTSi, parizSi, ruseT­
Si dastovebs Tu ara is faqtiurad Cvens moqalaqeobas? TavisTavad
cxadia, dastovebs. Tu Cven davavalebT mas, rom uTuod saqarTvelos
moqalaqed darCes, es ganuxorcielebeli da uazro davaleba iqneba.
is mohyveba qmars, mas aqvs erTgvari ojaxuri urTierToba qmarTan,
aqedan ibadeba mravali vadebuloba, movaleoba, ufleba-memkvidreo­
ba, mokled saojaxo uflebebi da valdebulebebi, yvela es Zalaunebu­
rad boWavs mas. Zalian iSviaTi iqneba, rom Cvenma moqalaqe qalma, ucxo­
elis colma, moiTxovos _ „ar minda qmris qveSevrdomoba, minda davrCe
pirvandel qveSevrdomobaSio“. es iSviaTi movlena aris da roca es
xdeba, xdeba yovelTvis an ganqorwinebis, an daqvrivebis Semdeg. maSin
mas SeuZlia daubrundes pirvandel qveSevrdomobas. saerTod umetes
SemTxvevaSi qali iZens qmris qveSevrdomobas, moqalaqeobas.
saqarTveloSi rogori mdgomareoba iyo? saqarTvelo ar iyo
guSin saxelmwifo, is xelmeored gaCnda dRes, gamoacxada Tavis Tavi
saxelmwifod 26 maiss. maSasadame mas, rogorc saxelmwifos, hqon­
da ori movaleoba am sakiTxSi. erTis mxriv unda moenaxa saxelmwi­
foebrivi safuZveli moqalaqeobisa, meores mxriv Cveulebrivi wesi
egredwodebul moqalaqeobis mopoebisa da SeZenisa daekanonebina.
pirveli man Seasrula pirveli kanoniT erovnul sabWoSi. axla Cven

374
amas vavsebT meore Cveulebrivi, moqalaqeobis Cveulebrivi miRebis,
mopoebis da dakargvis wesebiT. pirveli kanoni ras ambobs amis Sesaxeb
Tqven kargad gaxsovT.
pirveli kanoni ambobs, rom yvela moqalaqe, yvela mkvidri saqa­
rTvelos respublikisa, aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, mxolod mkvidri
gvesmoda da exlac gvesmis mcxovrebi, gansakuTrebiT miwerilni ama
Tu im administratiul erTeulze 19 ivnisamde 1914 wlisa. umetesoba
mTeli saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa am kanoniT amoiwureba. am kanonis
farglebSi arian. magram batonebo, am kanonis gareSe darCa kidev erT­
gvari kategoriebi xalxisa, qarTvelni da ara-qarTvelni, romelnic
saqarTvelos moqalaqeT CaiTvlebian Tu kanoni amas gamoacxadebs. ai
aseTi qarTvelni, aseTi ara-qarTvelni arian da Cven vambobT: yvela
ara qarTvelni, qveSevrdomni yofil ruseTis imperiisa, romelnic 19
ivniss 1914 wlamde, ukanaskneli 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi scxovrobdnen
saqarTveloSi _ Cairicxebian saqarTvelos moqalaqeT, Tu 3 Tvis gan­
mavlobaSi im kanonis gamocxadebis Semdeg ganacxadebs, rom mas surs
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba.
ibadeba sakiTxi, ratom aris 1914 weliwadi aRebuli. es omis data
aris; omis Semdeg moxda didi gadatrialeba, xalxis gadasvla-gad­
mosvla, gadasaxleb-gadmosaxleba. ltolvilni bevri gadmosaxldnen,
aman ariv-daria saqme, amitom ganisazRvra es omiT. omamde SedarebiT
normaluri mdgomareoba iyo. am normalur mdgomareobaSi Tu scx­
ovrobda vinme ganuwyvetliv 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi e. i. 1912 wlidan,
is aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe Tu ganacxada, rom mas surs es. garda
amisa ibadeba sakiTxi, 1914 wlis Semdeg SeiZleba dabinavda vinme aq
qveSevrdomi yofili ruseTisa. ra vqnaT am SemTxvevaSi? uarvyoT
maTi survili, rom gaxdnen Cveni moqalaqeni? Cven vambobT, _ yvela
qveSevrdomi yofil ruseTis imperiisa, romelic akmayofilebs Sem­
deg pirobebs: saqarTveloSi scxovrobs 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarT­
velos teritoriaze SeuZenia uZravi qoneba, an da scxovrobs Tavisi
SromiT da imave dros 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ganacxadebs, rom mas surs
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba _ aseTi yofili ruseTis qveSevrdomi gax­
deba Cveni moqalaqe.
erTi kategoriaa is, romelsac 1914 wlamde 3 weliwadi unda ecx­
ovra, meore kategorias SeiZleba Semdegac ecxovra, magram aq cotaTi
gaZnelebulia miRebis pirobebi.
mesame kategoria Seexeba qarTvelebs, romelTac surT Cveni mo­
qalaqeoba, magram pirvel muxlis kanonis ZaliT ar arian miweril­
ni. maTze Cven vambobT: _ qarTvelebi, yofili ruseTis imperiis qve­
Sevrdomni, sadac unda iyvnen isini sul erTia, am pirobebis gareSec
iqmnebian miRebulni saqarTvelos moqalaqed, mxolod es survili maT
unda gamoucxadon sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, Tu ruseTSi arian maxlo­
bel konsuls da Tu saqarTveloSi _ momrigebel mosamarTles. aq erTi
sakiTxi ibadeba: gancxadeba vis unda miscen magaliTad yofil ruseTis

375
qveSevrdomebma, romelnic moisurveben saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas?
amis Sesaxeb Cven vlaparakobT: saumjobesoa gancxadebis pirobebis
Sesaxeb dokumentebi waredginos momrigebel mosamarTles. momrige­
beli mosamarTle ganixilavs formalur mxriv da Tu is akmayofilebs
gansazRvrul pirobebs, _ miscems mowmobas, rom is aris saqarTvelos
moqalaqe. ai es aris yvela is muxlebi, romelic Seexeba ara-Cveule­
briv, ara-normalur wesebs.
magram meores mxriv kanon-proeqti Seexeba sazogadod imas, Tu
rogor SeiZineba saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba da rogor daikargeba is.
moqalaqeoba SeiZineba dabadebiT. Cven vambobT: Sobili saqarTvelos
respublikis moqalaqe mamisagan, rogorc saqarTveloSi ise saqarTve­
los gareT, aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. es aris sisxlis anu STamomav­
lobis principi. Cveni moqalaqis Svili, sadac unda daibados, agreTve
coli an qvrivi saqarTvelos moqalaqisa aris Cveni moqalaqe. Semdeg
qorwinebis gareSe dabadebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqisgan aris saqa­
rTvelos moqalaqe. deda Tu aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe, misi Svili,
qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe Sobili aris Cveni saqarTvelos
moqalaqe. Semdeg Cven SegviZlian warmovidginoT, rom saqarTvelos
moqalaqe qali gaTxovda ucxoeTSi, magram qmari gardaicvala da is
dabrunda isev samSobloSi, moindoma dabrunebisas aRdgena Tavis
pirvandeli moqalaqeobisa. mas unda mieces ufleba moqalaqeobisa.
garda amisa Cven vambobT: Cveni moqalaqe ucxoeTSi gaTxovili qalis
misi uwlovano Svilebi, ganqorwinebis Tu daqvrivebis Semdeg, Cven
moqalaqeT Cairicxebian Tu isini erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi dasrulw­
lovanebis Semdeg ar ganacxadeben, rom isini SeinarCuneben mamis qve­
Sevrdomobas. aq aris teritorialuri principis SemoReba, mxolod
SezRudviT.
garda amisa aris egred wodebuli naturalizacia ucxoeTis qve­
Sevrdomisa, anda uqveSevrdomosi. isini SeiZenen, moipoveben moqa­
laqeobas naturalizaciis wesiT. ras niSnavs es? es niSnavs imas, rom
moqalaqe, ucxo qveSevrdomi, anda uqveSevrdomo, Tu imas ori wlis
ganmavlobaSi ucxovria Cvens teritoriaze ganuwyvetliv, aRZravs
Suamdgomlobas, rom miiRos qveSevrdomoba saqarTveloSi. am Sua­
mdgomlobis Semdeg gadis ori weliwadi da amis Semdeg mas mieniWeba
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba, Tu igi mavne piri ar aris saxelmwifosT­
vis, sazogadoebisTvis. saerTod sami weliwadi gamodis natural­
izaciisTvis.
vin aniWebs mas? sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebSi sxva da sxva azria, sxva
da sxva wesia amis Sesaxeb. bevrgan parlamenti swyvets am sakiTxs natu­
ralizaciisas. bevrgan aRmasrulebeli Zala-uflebiT aRWurvili or­
gano, mTavroba, an prezidenti adgens amas. Cven vRebulobT sxva siste­
mas. Cvenis azriT, adgilobriv TviTmmarTveloba Rebulobs Txovnebs
moqalaqis naturalizaciis Sesaxeb. igive TviTmmarTveloba, adgilo­
brivi TviTmmarTvelobis sabWo swyvets sakiTxs naturalizaciisas,

376
ucxo moqalaqis Cven moqalaqed gadaqcevisas. garda amisa Cven viciT,
rom aris ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli, ara ruseTis saxelmwifos qve­
Sevrdomi, moqalaqe sxva romelime saxelmwifosi. aseTebisTvis Cven
erTgvar gamonakliss vakeTebT. roca aseTi qarTveli moisurvebs saqa­
rTvelos qveSevrdomobas, Cven SeiZleba ar miviRoT naturalizaciis
yvela piroba, vadis aRuniSvnelad SegviZlian miviRoT, Tu ganacxa­
debs, rom mas surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. sparseTSi an sxva rome­
lime saxelmwifoSi aris qarTveli qveSevrdomi am ucxo saxelmwifosi,
man gamoacxada _ minda saqarTvelos qveSevrdomobao, Cven vacxadebT,
rom SeiZleba aseTi qarTvelisTvis vada ar miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, an
SevamciroT. es erTi.
meore. SegviZlia gansakuTrebuli pirobebi miviRoT iseTi pire­
bisTvis, romelTac raime Rvawli miuZRvis saxelmwifos winaSe. aseTi
RvawliT mosili piri, ucxoeli, SeiZleba miviRoT aq vadis mouTx­
ovnelad an misi SemcirebiT.
amgvaria moqalaqeobis mopoveba.
rac Seexeba moqalaqeobis dakargvas, es aq ufro mokled aris aR­
niSnuli. upirveles yovlisa hkargavs Cven saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas
is, vinc naturalizaciis wesiT moipovebs moqalaqeobas ucxo saxelm­
wifoSi. magaliTad Tu Cvenma moqalaqem moipova, vsTqvaT safrangeT­
Si, an azerbaijanSi, an somxeTSi moqalaqeoba, is amiT hkargavs Cvens
moqalaqeobas. aris meore wesi moqalaqeobis dakargvisa. es gaxlavT
gaTxoveba moqalaqe qalisa ucxoeTSi da ucxoelze. igi hkargavs Cven
moqalaqeobas. magram aq erTs kompromiss vakeTebT, vuSvebT patara ga­
monakliss imis gamo, rom aseT qals ufleba eZleva survili ganacxados
saqarTvelos moqalaqed darCenisa. aq SeiZleba daibados konfliqti
im saxelmwifosTan, romlis moqalaqesac misTxovda Cveni saxelmwifos
moqalaqe qali. SeiZleba es saxelmwifo sul sxva kanonmdeblobas ad­
gia. SeiZleba man sTqvas: raki igi Cveni moqalaqis colia, maSasadame
Cven moqalaqed unda gaxdeso. aseTi konfliqti SeiZleba, magram amis
gamosworebas Cven vandobT TviTon qalis nebas. es qalma unda gadas­
wyvitos. Tu SeiZleba gaTxovdes ucxoelze da amave dros darCes Cven
moqalaqed, amis sawinaaRmdego araferi gveqneba. Tu ucxo saxelmwi­
fos kanonis ZaliT qals SeuZlia iyos ucxoel moqalaqis coli da
imave dros iyos Cveni moqalaqe, TavisTavad cxadia, konfliqti aRar
iqneba. garda amisa hkargavs moqalaqeobas is, vinc ucxo saxelmwifos
samsaxurSi Cairicxeba mTavrobis daukiTxavad. aseTi pirni Cven moqa­
laqeebad ver iqnebian. amgvarad aris aRniSnuli moqalaqeobis mopove­
bis wesi erTi mxriT da meores mxriT dakargvis wesi. am mokle Ses­
avalis Semdeg neba miboZeT wavikiTxo kanoni moqalaqeobisa. rogorc
giTxariT, aq gadmotanilia yvela is muxlebi, romelic aRniSnuli iyo
pirvel kanonSi erovnul sabWos mier miRebulSi.
aq kidev gamorCa ori ram. erTi is, rom ori moqalaqeoba akrZalu­
lia Cveni kanonmdeblobiT. is moqalaqe, romelic sxva saxelmwifos mo­

377
qalaqe aris, Cveni qveSevrdomi ver iqneba. Cven is gvainteresebs, rom
ucxo qveSevrdomi ar iyos Cveni qveSevrdomi. es dabadebs did uxerxu­
lobas, did saSiSroebas, SeiZleba saxelmwifuri saidumloeba waiRos
aqedan, SeiZleba Cveni uflebiT isargeblos da araviTari movaleoba
ar Seasrulos. meores mxriv, rogorc wined mogaxseneT, politikuri
ufleba aqvs mxolod moqalaqes.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ivane gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
socialistebs, romlebic Seadgenen damfuZnebel krebis did um­
ravlesobas, ar unda sWirdebodes Tavis mtvreva moqalaqeobis sakiTx­
is ganxilvis dros, magram savalaloc is aris, rom Cven ver SevTanxm­
diT Tavidan am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi. marTalia, istoria Cven mraval
magaliTebs gvaZlevs imisas, Tu rogor iqceoda ama Tu im dros mTav­
roba sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebSi, romelTa farglebSi ramodenime
eri mosaxleobda: aseT SemTxvevaSi mTavroba xan erTs eyrdnobida,
xan meores, erTi meoreze gadaakidebda da TviTon ki yovelTvis ba­
tonobda, magram, me mgoni, rom revoliuciur cecxlis alSi Sobili
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika da misi damfuZnebeli kreba
ver ixelmZRvanelebs da arc unda ixelmZRvanelos istoriis aseTi
magaliTebiT. me unda ganvacxado Tqvens winaSe, rom am kanon-proeqts
SedarebiT im kanonTan, romelic erovnul sabWos mier miRebuli iyo
1918 wlis 16 ivliss, didi progresi emCneva, magram es kanon-proeqti
savsebiT Cven mainc ver gvakmayofilebs.
Cvens fraqcias pirdapir miuReblaT miaCnia mTeli pirveli nawi­
li am kanon-proeqtisa. as welze metia, rac saqarTvelo, rogorc da­
moukidebeli saxelmwifo, ar arsebobda. am xnis ganmavlobaSi bevri
ram Seicvala _ saqarTveloSi, dasaxlden sxva da sxva erebis Svile­
bi. qarTveli eris demokratia mudam ZmuraT scxovrobda sxva eris
demokratiasTan, radgan maT sadao da gasayofi araferi hqondaT. am
movlenas winaT TiTqmis yoveli socialisturi partia, romelic mo­
qmedebda saqarTveloSi, xazgasmiT aRniSnavda xolme da saqveynoT
acxadebda, rom is erTnairad icavs saqarTveloSi mobinadre yvela
eris mSromelTa interesebs. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxa­
debis Semdeg-ki zogierT socialistur partiebma Tavis Zvel social­
istur tradiciebs uRalates da TavianTi internacionaluri dro­
Sa Sescvales nacionalisturi droSiT. rasakvirvelia, amas Tavis
mizezebi aqvs. magram exla amaze ar Rirs laparaki. me minda aRvniSno
is, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg Cvenma
social-demokratiul partiam savsebiT SeiTvisa buneba nacionalu­
ri partiebis, romelic qveynis da xalxis xsnas da Svelas erTa sol­
idarobaSi ki ar eZeben, aramed iseT pirobebis SeqmnaSi, romlebic
erTa Soris SuRlsa da mtrobas niadags umzadeben. am Cems azrs savse­
biT adasturebs pirveli nawili moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtisa, rom­
liTac erTgvari privilegia eniWeba im ers, romelic umravlesobas

378
Seadgens saqarTvelos teritoriaze (gvazava: sad aris es privile­
gia?) (arseniZe: es privilegia ki ar aris, movaleobaa). me ar mesmis, ro­
meli uflebiT SegviZlia visargebloT da vixelmZRvaneloT, rodesac
Cven, respublikis daarsebisTanave, Cvens teritoriaze mosaxle erebs
vyobT sxva da sxva kategoriebaT da erTs ers sxva erebTan SedarebiT
vaniWebT upiratesobas? Cveni saxelmwifos damoukidebloba mxolod
SarSan gamocxadda, moqalaqeebi mas mxolo exla uCndeba. Cven axlo
warsulSi damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebiT ar gvicx­
ovria da amitom ar SegviZlia gadaWriT vsTqvaT, rom esa Tu is eri,
romelic scxovrobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze, naklebi ndobis Rir­
sia, radganac is ar aris dainteresebuli saqarTvelos respublikis
arseba-ganmtkicebaSio. me SemiZlia Tamamad ganvacxado, rom arc erTi
eris umravlesobas, e. i. arc erTi eris demokratias, romelic scxov­
robs saqarTveloSi, ar Caudenia araviTari danaSauli saqarTvelos
norC demokratiul respublikis winaSe da amitom saqarTveloSi mo­
saxle yovel eris interesebi TanasworaT unda iyos daculi moqalaqe­
obis kanonSi. SesaZlebelia Cven didi politikosebi viyveT da raRac
uZlieresi saxelmwifos Seqmnas vlamobdeT da amitom gvsurs davey­
rdnoT Cveni saxelmwifos Senebis dros mxolod erT ers. me vityvi,
rom es yovlad SeuZlebelia; isini, vinc fiqrobs, rom CvenSi erT erze
dayrdnobiT SeiZleba respublikis arsebobis SenarCuneba da ganmt­
kiceba, Zlier scdebian. swored aseTi pirebia, rom Zirs uTxrian Cvens
saxelmwifos da ara sasurvel momavals umzadeben mas.
1918 wlis 26 maisamde saqarTvelos respublika ar arsebobda,
saqarTvelos teritoriaze ki scxovrobden qarTvelebi, somxebi,
TaTrebi, berZnebi da sxvebi. isini TiTqmis yvela ruseTis saxelm­
wifos qveSevdomebi iyven da xeli xel Cakidebuli erTad, ZmuraT
ibrZodnen ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg. ra moxTa 26 maiss?
is, rom gansazRvruli teritoria gamocxadebul iqna damoukidebel
saxelmwifoT _ saqarTvelos demokratiul resublikaT. exla me Tqven
gekiTxebiT, vis aqvs ufleba Tavis Tavi CaTvalos am axali respublik­
is moqalaqed? yvela imas, vinc scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritori­
aze ganurCevlad erovnebisa, sqesisa da sarwmunoebisa. sxvanairaT ver
imsjelebs aramc Tu socialisti, aramed ubralo demokratic (xmau­
robaa. Tavmjdomare _ zari). jer me kidev ar damikargavs imedi, rom
ruseTis didma revoliuciam saqarTvelos TavisuflebasTan erTad
misca revoliucionuri damfuZnebeli kreba. amas me vambob imitom,
rom aq umravlesoba Tavis Tavs socialistebaT sTvlis (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare: zari. umorCilesad gTxovT, adgilidan nu inebebT
laparaks.
ivane gobeCia. rogori replikebiTac ar unda gamimaspinZldeT, me
mainc vacxadeb, rom krebis wevrTa umravlesoba Tavis Tavs social­
istebs uwodebs da sanam socialistobaze xeli ar auRia, me ufleba
maqvs maT meti movsTxovo. marTalia, umravlesobis fraqciam bevri

379
iseTi Secdoma Caidina, rac socialists, SeiZleba, ar epatiebodes,
magram Cven am Secdomebs ki ar vafarebT xels, aramed am tribunidan
vakritikebT. rodesac gamocxadebul iqna saqarTvelos damoukide­
bloba, maSin Cven ar vicodiT, vin iyo gulwrfeli momxre saqarTve­
los damoukideblobisa. ar SeiZleba usabuTod ama Tu im piris, ama
Tu im eris gulSi faTuri. SesaZlebelia sxva tomis, sxva eris Svili
aTasjer ufro momxre iyos saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa, vidre
zogierTi Svili TviT qarTveli erisa. Tqvenc ar uaryofT imas, rom
qarTvel erSi moipoveba bevri iseTi piri, romelic sruliad ar sc­
nobs saqarTvelos damoukideblobas. aviRoT, magaliTad, qarTveli
bolSevikebi. isini arc wineT iyvnen da arc exla arian saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis momxreni, magram Cven maTTvis moqalaqeobis ufle­
ba ar agviyria da, SesaZlebelia, zogierTi imaTgani monawileobasac
iRebda damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebSi (xma: cixeebSi isxdnen). diax,
cixeebSic isxdnen, magram yvelas cixeebi xom ver Caitevda da amitom
moqalaqeobis uflebiTac SeeZlo bevrs maTgans esargebla. maSasa­
dame, rogor unda gavigoT Cven deda-azri am moqalaqeobis kanon-pro­
eqtisa? simZimis centri aq saqarTvelos damoukideblobis momxreo­
baSia, Tu qarTvelobaSi? me gadaWriT vacxadeb, Tu Cven aseTnair
kanons gasavali miveciT saqarTveloSi, cuds samsaxurs gauwevT Cvens
respublikas (arseniZe: privilegia, rom ver vnaxe?) moTmineba iqonieT
da mogaxsenebT, b-no arseniZev! Tu didi revoliuciis Sedegia Cveni
damfuZnebeli krebis mowveva, Tu revoliuciam misca Tavisufleba da
damoukidebloba saqarTvelos, Tu revoliuciaSi yvela eris revoli­
ucionuri demokratia iRebda monawileobas, me mgoni, revoliucio­
nerebi da socialistebi am damfuZnebel krebaSi moqalaqeobis kano­
nis SemuSavebis dros ar unda xelmZRvanelobden imiT, Tu romel ers
ekuTvnis is piri, romelic scxovrobs Cveni respublikis farglebSi;
da unda aniWebden amis mixedviT mxolod erTs ers sxva da sxva privi­
legiebs (xma: sad aris es?) mogaxsenebT. moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtis
pirvel muxlSi naTqvamia, rom „saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis moqalaqeT CaiTvleba yoveli mkvidri, romelic miwerili iyo
respublikis teritoriis romelsame administratiul erTeulze
1914 wlis ivlisis 19-amde“, ratom 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde da ara
1918 wlis maisis 26-amde? 1914 wlis 19 ivlisi _ es ra dataa, ar mesmis
(arseniZe: ar gesmiT?). ara, me kargaT mesmis rom 1914 wlis 19 ivliss
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika ar arsebobda da am datas ar­
aviTari kavSiri ar aqvs saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis
dResTan. me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ratom ar unda CaiTvalos saqarTvelos
respublikis moqalaqeT is mkvidri, romelic miwerili iyo respub­
likis romelsame administratiul erTeulebze 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918
wlebis 19 ivlisamde (xma: 1920 wels) 1920 wels soc.-demokratebi, al­
baT, miiReben iseT kanons, romliTac moqalaqeobis uflebas waarT­
meven imaTTac ki, vinc iyo miwerili romelsame administratiul er­

380
Teulze 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde (sicili. zari). 1914 wlis ivlisis
19-is TariRi sruliad usafuZloT aris CaCxerili pirvel muxlSi,
TviT es muxli sruliaT zedmetia, radganac moqalaqeobis mopoebi­
saTvs imas ki ar unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, iyo Tu ara esa
Tu is piri miwerili romelsame administratiul erTeulze, aramed
imas, scxovrobda Tu ara esa Tu is piri saqarTveloSi.
amitom Cveni fraqcia moiTxovs, rom pirveli muxli sruliad
amoRebul iqnes am kanon-proeqtidan.
kanon-proeqtis pirvel nawilis meore, mesame da meoTxe muxlebSi
aRniSnuli arian mxolod yofili ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomebi,
romlebTac eniWebaT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis ufleba. Cemis azriT
amis aRniSvna zedmetia, radganac Cven unda mivaniWoT moqalaqeobis
ufleba yvela pirT, _ yvela saxelmwifoTa qveSevrdomebs, romlebic
scxovroben saqarTveloSi, Tu isini uars ar ganacxadeben saqarTve­
los moqalaqeobaze. kanon-proeqtis meore muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarT­
velos moqalaqeoba SeuZlia moipovos yofil ruseTis imperiis yov­
el qveSevrdomma, Tu ukanaskneli 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-de sami wlis
ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze,
e. i. Tu saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis msurveli piri ar aris qarTveli,
aris, magaliTad, berZeni, an TaTari, da is scxovrobda respublikis
teritoriaze 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-de ori weliwadi da TerTmeti
Tve, _ is ver eRirseba saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, radganac mas aklia
erTi Tve. veraviTari mosazrebiT ver gaamarTlebs demokrati, Tu is
miudgomelad ar imsjelebs, am muxlis moTxovnilebas. nu Tu yoveli
ara qarTveli, romelic 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde sam weliwadze na­
klebi scxovrobda saqarTvelos tertoriaze, ar iqneba momxre Cveni
respublikis damoukideblobisa? ratom ggoniaT Tqven, rom yoveli
qarTveli, romelic 1914 wlis ivlisis 19-mde ganuwyvetliv, Tugind
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, usaTuod iqneba
momxre saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikis damoukidebel arse­
bobisa? ramdenic unda ecadoT, am muxlis moTxovnilebis dasabuTebas
ver SesZlebT, radganac is metad xelovnuria, ara mizanSewonili da
antidemokratiuli, amitom is yovlad miuRebelia CvenTvis.
kanon-proeqtis mesame muxlSi ori moTxovnilebaa wamoyenebuli
im pirTaTvis, vinc saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas moisurvebs 1) unda
hqondes raime uZravi qoneba saqarTvelos respublikaSi, an Tavis Ta­
vis saqirao SromiT sazrdoobdes da 2) ara nakleb sami wlisa ganu­
wyvetliv scxovrobdes saqarTvelos teritoriaze. es muxlic CvenT­
vis miuRebelia, radganac Cven qonebrivi cenzis winaaRmdegi varT da
yoveli socialisti, romelic Tavis mrwamss ar uRalatebs, am SemTx­
vevaSi mainc qonebrivi cenzis dawesebis winaaRmdegi iqneba. amasTa­
nave unda iTqvas isic, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze sami wliT cx­
ovrebis xangrZlivobis moTxovnac usamarTlo iqneboda, radganac
erT weliwadze naklebia, rac TviT Cveni respublika arsebobs da Tu

381
usaTuod saWiroa moqalaqeobis mopoebisaTvis saqarTvelos teri­
toriaze cxovrebis raime xangrZlivoba, es ukanaskneli, ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, ar unda aRematebodes TviT Cveni respublikis arsebo­
bis dros. mesame muxli saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa gareSe dastovebs
agreTve sruliad usamarTlod iseT pirsac, romelic, sam wliwadic
rom scxovrobdes saqarTveloSi, mainc ver eRirseba saqarTvelos mo­
qalaqeobas. aviRoT, magaliTad, mxatvari, romelic saqirao SromiT
ar irCens Tavs da arc uZravi qoneba aqvs, magram sami weliwadi scx­
ovrobs saqarTveloSi da Tavs irCens Tavis nawarmoebis gayidvisagan
Semosul fulebiT. SeuZlia Tu ara mas, mesame muxlis mixedviT, gaxdes
saqarTvelos moqalaqed? rasakvirvelia ar SeuZlia.
exla Cven SevexebiT kanon-proeqtis im muxls, romelSiac win­
daxedulia qarTvelebisaTvis privilegia. es aris mexuTe muxli, rom­
lis ZaliT yofili ruseTis imperiis yoveli qveSevrdomi qarTveli
Caricxuli iqneba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT pirvel, meore da mesame
muxlebSi aRniSnul pirobaTa gareSec. marTalia, saqarTveloSi qa­
rTveli eri mcxovrebTa udides nawils Seadgens, magram saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublika Tanasworad unda icavdes, rogorc um­
ravlesobis eris, agreTve patara erebis interesebs, Tu ki isini moi­
surveben saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSi cxovrebas. saqarTve­
lo unda gaxdes namdvil dedaT da ara dedinacvlad mis farglebSi
mosaxle yvela erTa SvilebisaTvis, es muxli ki did gaugebrobas ga­
moiwvevs, radganac is qmnis aSkara privilegias qarTvelTaTvis (ar­
seniZe: es movaleobaa!) ara, batonebo, es movaleoba ki ar aris, priv­
ilegia aris, radganac b-ni arseniZe ZaliT verc erTs qarTvels ver
gaxdis saqarTvelos moqalaqed (xma: raSia privilegia?). privile­
gia imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mexuTe muxlis ZaliT, Tu romelime piri
arasodes ar yofila miwerili saqarTvelos teritoriis romelsame
administratiul erTeulze, Tu mas arasodes ar ucxovria saqarTve­
loSi da arc uZravi qoneba aqvs mas saqarTveloSi, _ is mainc exlave
Cairicxeba saqarTvelos moqalaqeT mxolod imitom, rom is qarTve­
lia (kedia: waarTviT qarTveloba!). aseTi uflebiT am kanonis Zal­
iT ver isargeblebs ucxo eris Svili, Tugind is exla saqarTveloSi
scxovrobdes, da ai amaSi mdgomareobs, Cvenis azriT, is privilegia,
romelzedac me Tqven mogaxseneT. istoriam icis iseTi magaliTic,
roca saxelmwifo ucxoelebsac aniWebda moqalaqeobas (xma: amer­
ikaSi!). amerikaSi ki ara, safrangeTSi. is, vinc icnobs safrangeTis
revoliuciis istorias, daadasturebs imas, rom revoliucionur
safrangeTma moqalaqeobis ufleba mianiWa ucxoelebs da ucxoelebi
safrangeTis damfuZnebel krebaSic ki gaviden. aseT magaliTs adgi­
li hqonda safrangeTis revoliuciis dros, rodesac revoliucio­
nur safrangeTis saxelmwifo saWe xelT epyro burJuazias da nu Tu
Cveni socialisturi damfuZnebeli kreba ar mianiWebs moqalaqeobis
uflebas yovel ucxoels, romelic scxovrobs saqarTveloSi, romel­

382
sac swams saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da romelsac surs saqarTve­
los moqalaqeoba? ruseTis didma revoliuciam mogvaniWa Cven Tavi­
sufleba, man Sva saqarTvelos damoukideblobac da Cvenc valdebuli
varT Cveni norCi saxelmwifos aRSenebis dros vixelmZRvaneloT Zve­
li revoliuciis istoriiT da mivaniWoT CvenSi mcxovreb yvela ucxo
erTa Svilebs moqalaqeoba.
am kanon-proeqtis meore nawilSi Cvens fraqcias mxolod ori
cvlilebis Setana hsurs, magram, sanam am cvlilebebze mogaxsenebdeT,
erTs rames aRvniSnav. aq momxsenebelma b-n sayvareliZem sTqva, rom
wineT, rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba ixilavda moqalaqeobis damatebiT
kanon-proeqts, eserebis fraqciis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom
qali ar aris iseTi sagani, romelmac, Tu ucxoels misTxovda, dakar­
gos Tavis Zveli moqalaqeoba da masze damokidebuli sxva uflebebio.
socialist-revoliucionerebi exlac am azrs icaven. qali Tu misTxo­
vda ucxoels, Tavis adamianobas ar kargavs (xma: Cven viciT es). Tqven,
SesaZlebelia, es exla cotaT mainc gaigeT, magram wineT, rodesac Zvel
kanon-proeqts vixilavdiT, es ar gesmodaT. Tqvenis azriT, qarTveli
qali, Tu misTxovdeboda ucxoels, TiTqmis ukanaknelis mona Seiqne­
boda da Tavis saqarTvelosadmi damokidebulebas radikalurad Ses­
cvlida. Tqven am SemTxvevaSi gamodiodiT im Sexedulebidan, rom kaci
yovelTvis axdens qalze met gavlenas da amitom, Tu saqarTvelos mo­
qalaqe qali ucxoels misTxovda, igi ver darCeba saqarTvelos erT­
gul moqalaqed. adamianis ufleba moiTxovs imas, rom am SemTxvevaSi
TviT qals mieces TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, da Tu Tqven amas wineT ar
SvrebodiT, es imis momaswavebelia, rom Tqven ar gqondaT swori war­
modgena qalze. arc is aris marTali, TiTqos coli yovelTvis ganic­
dides qmris met gavlenas. piriqiT, xSirad qmari ganicdis colis met
gavlenas da iseT mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, romelsac rusebi uwodeben
„подъ башмакомъ“-s. aseT movlenis mixedviT, rom Cven kanonebi vsweroT,
maSin xom verc erTi saqarTvelos moqalaqe ver iTxovs ucxoel qals.
moqalaqeobis kanonSi Cven ar unda SevitanoT iseTi ram, rac adami­
anis _ qalis Tu vaJis _ pirovnebas daamcirebs. aseTi muxli iyo Zvel
kanon-proeqtSi da amitom Cveni fraqcia iZulebuli iyo daecva qalis
uflebebi. am kanon-proeqts ki am mxriv erTgvari progresi daetyo,
radganac, meaTe muxlis ZaliT, qali, Tu ucxo qveSevrdoms misTxov­
da, saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas hkargavs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is
ar ganacxadebs survils saqarTvelos moqalaqed darCenisas. b-n say­
vareliZes arc exla aqvs swori warmodgena qalis uflebebze, radga­
nac man meaTe muxlis ukanakneli paragrafi ise daasabuTa, TiTqos Cven
qalebs raRac SeRavaTs vaniWebT, rodesac Cven, ucxoelze miTxove­
bis dros, qalis TviTgamorkvevis uflebas vaRiarebT moqalaqeobis
sakiTxSi. b-n sayvareliZem ganacxada, rom Cven cotaTi mainc unda ga­
vafarTovoT qalis uflebebio. maSasadame b-n sayvareliZes ar miaCnia
sasurvelad da kanonierad qal-vaJTa uflebebis gaTanasworeba.

383
meSvide muxlis pirvel SeniSvnaSi sweria: „yoveli ucxo qveSevr­
domi, romelsac raime TvalsaCino Rvawli miuZRvis respublikis wi­
naSe Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv
moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv, SeiZleba am vadis (sami wlis) mouTxovne­
ladac iqnes miRebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqed“. Cvenis azriT, aq zed­
metia imis CamoTvla, Tu raSi unda gamoixatebodes ucxo moqalaqis
TvalsaCino Rvawli. amis gamorkveva Cven unda mivandoT adgilobriv
TviTmarTvelobebs, romlebsac kanoniT dakisrebuli aqvT ucxoel­
TaTvis naturalizaciis wesiT moqalaqeobis miniWeba.
Cveni fraqciis azriT agreTve sruliad unda amoRebul iqnes am
kanon-proeqtidan meSvide muxlis meore SeniSvna, sadac naTqvamia,
rom vadis mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTvelos mo­
qalaqed yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli. es SeniSvnac awesebs
erTgvar privilegias qarTvelebisaTvis, rasac ar moiTxovs Cveni
saxelmwifos interesi da arc misi Rirseba. Tu Cven saerTod ucxo
saxelmwifoTa qveSevrdomobisagan naturalizaciiT saqarTvelos
moqalaqeobis mopoebisaTvis moviTxovT, rom isini sami wlis ganmav­
lobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobden respublikis teritoriaze, ra
mosazrebiT unda gavanTavisufloT am moTxovnisagan ucxo saxel­
mwifos qveSevrdomi qarTveli. aq mxolod erTi mosazrebis moyvana
SeiZleba, rom qarTveli tomiT, sisxliT, ufro gulwrfelad moi­
survebs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas, vidre ucxo qveSevrdomi ara qa­
rTveli. es, SesaZlebelia, asec moxdes momavalSi, magram ucxo qveynis
qveSevrdomi qarTveli, romelsac gulwrfelad surs saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba da uyvars saqarTvelo, aseT privilegias Tqvengan ar
moiTxovs, is am SemTxvevaSi saerTo wess daemorCileba. Cven ki, Tu
mxolod ucxo qveSevrdom qarTvelTaTvis SemoviReT aseTi advili
wesi saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis mopoebisa, amiT Cven saqarTvelos
bevrs verafers SevmatebT, magram Cveni damoukideblobis mtrebs ki
vaTqmevinebT... (arseniZe: amisa geSinian?) Tqven rom arafris geSini­
aT, miTxariT, ra gagikeTebiaT saqarTvelos keTildReobisaTvis, b-no
arseniZe? (xmaurobaa. zari). aseTi muxlis miRebiT Cven vaTqmevinebT
saqarTvelos damoukidebel arsebobis mtrebs, rom qarTvelebma Se­
qmnes ara saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika, aramed qarTvel­
TaTvis nacionalisturi respublikao.
socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqcia am kanon-proeqtis mTeli
pirveli nawilis nacvlad adgens mxolod or martiv muxls, romelTa
miReba krebis mier daakmayofilebs yovel socialists Tu ki ukanask­
neli mxolod sityviT ar aris socialisti; agreTve Cven mier krebi­
saTvis warsadgenad ganzraxul muxlebma unda daakmayofilos yoveli
demokrati, romelic gulwrfeli momxrea Cveni respublikis damou­
kideblobisa da misi gajansaReba-gamagrebisa.
Cvenis azriT moqalaqeobis kanonis pirveli muxli unda iqnes aseT­
nairi: „saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikis moqalaqeT CaiTvleba

384
yoveli piri, romelic scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze am kan­
onis gamoqveynebamde, Tu is sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis
gamoqveynebisa ar ganacxadebs uars saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze.“ (ar­
seniZe: inglisis jaric?).
ara, b-no arseniZe, inglisis jaris kaci ver gaxdeba saqarTvelos
moqalaqeT, radganac es windaxedulia kanon-proeqtis meore nawilis
meaTe muxlSi, romlis ZaliT saqarTvelos moqalaqeobas hkargavs,
vinc ucxo samsaxurSi iTvleba.
meore muxli unda iqnes aseTi: „pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxa­
deba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic
saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze uaris mTqmelT aRniSnavs gansakuTre­
bul wignSi.“
sakonstitucio komisiis kanon-proeqtis mixedviT momrigebel
mosamarTlesTan gancxadebis Setana savaldebuloa im pirTaTvis,
romlebsac hsurT saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. socialist-revoli­
ucionerTa fraqciis winadadebiT gancxadebis Setana savaldebuloa
mxolod imisTvis, visac ar surs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Cven mier
wamoyenebuli wesi ufro gauadvilebs xalxs moqalaqeobis mopoebas,
sakonstitucio komisiis mier miRebuli wesi-ki sruliad usafuZvloT
Seaviwrovebs am SemTxvevaSi xalxs. sxvas, rom Tavi davaneboT, qaRal­
di exla respublikaSi Zlier cotaa da masTan erTad Zviri da misi
tyuila-ubraloT gafuWebas arc saxelmwifos interesi moiTxovs.
dasasrul unda ganvacxado, rom socialist-revoliucionerTa
fraqcias Seaqvs sakonstitucio komisiis kanon-proeqtSi is cvlile­
bebi, romlebzedac me Tqven mogaxsenebT, da darwmunebulia, rom is,
vinc angariSs uwevs mSromelTa interess, mxars dauWers da xmas mis­
cems im or muxls moqalaqeobis kanonisas, romlebic me Tqven wagikiTx­
eT da romlebic miRebul unda iqnes nacvlad sakonstitucio komisiis
kanon-proeqtis pirveli nawilisa.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri arseniZe.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cveni fraqcia mxars uWers am kanons da mxars uWers swored mis pirvel
nawils Semdeg mosazrebiT.
saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia iyos dayrdnobili iseT elementebze,
romelic ar aris gamorkveuli da Camoyalibebuli da romelTa Ses­
axeb saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian sTqvas, Tu vis ekuTvnis esa Tu is mo­
qalaqe, _ mas Tu sxva romelime saxelmwifos. gansakuTrebiT ar Seu­
Zlian mis Semdeg, rac mas aqvs sjuli, suverenuli kanonmdeblobiTi
dawesebuleba. gaurkvevloba dasaSvebia kidev, rodesac droebiTi
mTavrobaa, an droebiTi mdgomareoba. magram, rodesac ukve arCeulia
sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba, gana SegviZlian Cven mivmarToT Cven
amomrCevlebs da uTxraT: vin icis, Cveni moqalaqe xarT Tu ara? es
yovlad warmoudgenelia. aseTi saxelmwifo Searyevda im safuZvels,
romelzedac sdgas. (gobeCia: „es Tqvenis azriT“) rasakvirvelia, so­

385
cial-demokratebis azriT, da ara eserebis azriT, da gansakuTrebiT
gobeCias azriT.
raze unda aSendes saxelmwifo? arsebobs ori principi, _ teri­
torialuri da sisxlis, STamomavlobis principi. Cven kanon-proeqt­
Si miRebuli aris pirveli principi, rogorc mTavari RerZi: vinc am
teritoriaze cxovrobs, da masTan dakavSirebulia, _ gavliT ki ara,
aramed mudmivaT, romelic Tavis interesebs ukavSirebs am saxelmwi­
fos, am teritoriis interesebs, _ is, cxadia, aris moqalaqe im saxelm­
wifosi, im organizmisa, romelic am teritoriaze warmoiSva. cxadia,
sxva gvari warmodgena saxelmwifosi, da saxelmwifo organizmisa ar
SeiZleba. yvela saxelmwifo am principiT, am wesiT aris aSenebuli da
Cven ar SegviZlia raime gamonaklisi SevqnaT.
rom es ZiriTadi principi aris am proeqtisa, amaze didi dava ar
unda iyos. miuxedavaT imisa, rom qadagoben: Tqven nacionalur prin­
cipze dgexarTo, me vamtkiceb, rom es kanon-proeqti sdgas terito­
rialur principze, e. i. is aRiarebs moqalaqed yvelas ganurCevlad,
vinc ki scxovrobs, da vinc dakavSirebulia am teritoriasTan. ma­
gram mxolod es, rom gveTqva, mxolod principi rom gveRiarebina,
_ e.i. gveTqva: „moqalaqea is, vinc dakavSirebuli aris am terito­
riasTan“ _ verc erTi iuristi, da verc aRmasrulebeli organo ver
gamoarkvevda imas, Tu vin aris dakavSirebuli, Cven qveyanasTan da
vin ara. maSasadame, aq mTavari movaleoba kanonmdeblobisa iyo: _
gamoenaxa, gamoerkvia gansakuTrebuli elementi, niSani, romliTac
yovel kacs SeeZlo gaego, _ es adamiani aris marTlac dakavSirebu­
li am teritoriasTan da es ki ara. SeiZleba yvela elementebi ver
davimuSaveT, SeiZleba sxva romelime wevrma ukeTesi niSani gvaCve­
nos, _ Cven mas miviRebT. magram, Cven sxva ver movnaxeT, Cven movnax­
eT erTi momenti. es gaxlavT is, rom Tu adamiani aris guberniisa,
soflis sazogadoebisa, man amiT, cxadia gaiziara erTeulebis bedi,
da roca es gubernia, mazra, da soflis sazogadoeba gamocxadda da­
moukidebel respublikad, _ misi wevri gamocxadda damoukidebel
respublikis wevrad, mis moqalaqed. es udao debulebaa yvelgan. aq
aris gansazRvruli erTgvari obieqturi elementi, romelSiac sub­
ieqturi nebisyofac gamoixateba imiT, rom winaTac dakavSirebuli
iyo am teritoriasTan.
es aris obieqtiuri niSani, romliTac utyuarad SegviZlian gavig­
oT, _ es adamiani marTlac aris dakavSirebuli am teritoriasTan, Tu
ara. danarCeni muxlebi warmoadgenen damatebas. zogierTebma SesaZle­
belia, ar aasrules es forma, ar mieweren teritorialur erTeuls,
magram Cven sxva niSnebiT SegviZlian gavigoT, rom isini dakavSire­
bulni arian am teritoriasTan. magaliTad 7-8 weliwadi scxovroben
ganuwyvetliv aq, ara omianobis dros, imitom rom is SeiZleba gawveu­
li yofiliyo frontze, magram misi ojaxi scxovrobda aq. aseT pirs
Cven vsTvliT Cven moqalaqed, mas aqvs arsebiTi kavSiri Cven terito­

386
riasTan da Tu mas surs, SeuZlian darCes Cven moqalaqed. aqac sadao
araferia. es aSkara teritorialuri principia.
Semdegi muxli ambobs uZrav qonebaze. e.i. Tu vinme wined CamoT­
vlil pirobebs ar akmayofilebs, magram qoneba SeuZenia, saxli, kari,
mamuli Tu sxva, is iolad ver moSordeba am qonebas, is, ase vsTqvaT, da­
fuZnebulia aq. da vinc dafuZnda aq, mas aqvs sruli ufleba moqalaqeo­
ba miiRos, pirdapir da udaod moqalaqis uflebiT aRiWurvos da mo­
valeobac aasrulos. da ai es aris mTavari RerZi am kanon-proeqtisa.
rac Seexeba imas, rom zogierT pirobebSi qals miveciT erTgvari
SeRavaTi, rom SeeZlos Cveni moqalaqeobis miReba, _ aqac igive teri­
torialuri principia daculi. garda amisa es SezRudva ki ar aris, es
Tavis movaleobis asrulebaa da aqac kanon-proeqti eyrdnoba imave ni­
Sans. mesame niSnad miviReT, marTalia erovneba, magram arsebiTad igic
teritorialuri aris. yvela qarTveli, romelic ruseTSi scxovrobs,
ruseTis romelsame alagas, warmoSobiT ki aqauria, saqarTvelodan
gadasaxlebula, aqedan wasula an swavlisTvis, an sxva raime mosazre­
biT, _ SeiZleba erTi Zma iyos aq, erTi iq, maxloblebi aqa yvandes, mama
iyos aq da Svili ki ruseTSi wavides, SeiZleba raimes SesaZenad wav­
ida, _ aseTi qarTveli, romelsac aqvs kavSiri Cvens teritoriasTan,
saqarTvelosTan. sxva saqarTvelo ar yofila jer da ai am saqarTve­
losTan aqvs kavSiri, yvela im qarTvel kacs romelic wavida ruseTSi,
_ Cven vambobT aseTebze da ara yvela sxva qarTvelze, romelic sadme
scxovrobs, da araviTari kavSiri saqarTvelosTan aRar aqvs; Cven vam­
bobT, swored iseT kacze, romelic, rodesac hkiTxavT, vina brZande­
biTo, gipasuxebs, _ qarTveli varo, sadauri xaro, _ saqarTvelodano.
ra vuyoT, rom is rostovSi scxovrobda da aqamdis iq scxovrobs. ai,
swored aseTi moqalaqe, romelic Tavis warmoSobiT, Tavis mTavari
ZarRviT iyo dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosTan, radgan aqedan aris
wasuli, _ da mas aqvs ufleba gaxdes Cveni moqalaqe. sad aris aq nacio­
nalizmi, Sovnizmi da sxva? magar-magari sityvebi, romelic aq sTqves,
aris amoRebuli bolSevikur leqsikonidan. samwuxaroa mxolod, rom
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri laparakobs imas, rasac upasuxsmgeblo
pirebi quCebSi laparakoben. Cven winaaRmdeg sabuTad mohyavT is, rac
proeqtSi ar aris. yvela quCaze gamvlel-gamomvlels SeiZleba ar gae­
gebodes ra iwereba proeqtSi, magram damfuZnebel krebis wevri val­
debulia icodes im proeqtis azri, romelsac arCevs, gaegebodes misi
azri, da Tavis warmodgenas, Tavis ocnebas ar edavebodes. es ar aris
arc rigianoba, arc didi Tavis pativiscema, arc saqmis codna.
aris zogierTi iseTi mosazreba warmodgenili am proeqtis wi­
naaRmdeg, romelnic Txouloben pasuxs. amboben _ Tqven unda gauad­
viloT xalxs moqalaqeT gaxdomao. es marTalia, magram aris meore
debulebac, romliTac unda gamocxaddes moqalaqed yvela, vinc ki
saqarTvelos teritoriaze imyofeba, Tu uars ar ganacxadebs. magram
erTi mibrZaneT, Tqven ra ufleba gaqvT, rom mosTxovoT vismes uari

387
acxados moqalaqeobaze? arc demokratiuli principi, arc sxva raime
principi ar Txoulobs, rom yvelas, vinc TbilisSi Camosula, _ ader­
beijanidan, ruseTidan, omis gamo devnis gamo, yvela isini, romelnic
sxva da sxva mizezebis gamo Camoxiznulan aq da droebiT aq scxovro­
ben, _ yvelas vuTxraT _ Tqven Cveni moqalaqeni brZandebiT da Tu ar
gsurT SemoitaneT qaRaldio. Cven vambobT _ araviTari, arc moral­
uri, arc zneobrivi, arc politikuri ufleba ar gvaqvs, yvela gamv­
lel-gamomvleli ueWvelad gamovacxadoT moqalaqed da mere mas qaR­
aldis Semotana vsTxovoT. zogierT, viTom demokratebs hgoniaT, rom
Cven viRacebs vaZlevT moqalaqeobis privilegias. magram aviwydebaT,
rom moqalaqeoba ar aris marto ufleba, aramed aris movaleobac da
roca nardaT moqalaqeobis uflebas aniWeb ucxoels aq, amiT arTmev
saSualebas aasrulos Tavisi moqalaqeobrivi movaleoba iq, sadac mas
surda, sadac is iyo ukve moqalaqed. ra uflebiT gindaT saqarTvelos
moqalaqeoba daakisroT Camosuls ruseTidan savaWrod, gamoqceuls
bolSevikebisagan, denikinisagan, petliurasagan, an vinme sxvisagan
da saerTod yvela imaT, vinc Camosula da scxovrobs aq SemTxveviT. me
gekiTxebiT, ra uflebiT gindaT amaT saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba daakis­
roT? romeli demokratizmi Txoulobs amas? araviTari demokra­
tizmi amas ar Txoulobs da Tu is xalxi, romelic aq scxovrobs da
marTla kavSiri aqvs am qveyanasTan _ moisurvebs, rom moqalaqe gaxdes,
imisTvis ki unda iyos gaadvilebuli es wesi moqalaqeobis miRebisa.
me mgonia, rom am muxlis winaaRmdegi verc eserebi iqnebian. aq Zalian
martivad aris naTqvami (kiTxulobs): yofil ruseTis imperiis yoveli
qveSevrdomi, romelic pirvel muxlSi aRniSnul moTxovnilebas ar ak­
mayofilebs, magram 1914 w. ivlisis 19-de (Zv. st.) ukanaskneli 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze
da sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kanonis gamoqveynebisa ganacxa­
debs, rom mas hsurs saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba, _ miRebul iqneba saqa­
rTvelos moqalaqed me-4-e muxlSi aRniSnul wesiT.
aq ise ki ar aris naTqvami, _ Tu mogewoneba miiRe, ar mogewoneba _
ar miiRo.
Cven vambobT (kiTxulobs): me-2-e da me-3-e muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxa­
deba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic, Tu
maTi mTxovneli saTanado pirobebs akmayofilebs, misces mas moqalaqe­
obis mowmobas.
e. i. vinc akmayofilebs yvela am pirobebs, momrigebeli mosamar­
Tle valdebulia miiRos is, Tu ki es faqtebi iqneba damtkicebuli
momrigebel mosamarTlisaTvis. momrigebeli mosamarTle, rogorc
obieqtiuri pirovneba, am SemTxvevaSi sruliad gareSe mdgomi yovel­
gvar politikur mRelvarebisagan ambobs, _ im obieqtiur pirobebs,
romelsac kanoni moiTxovs, aqvs alagi Tu ara cxovrebaSi, mag. aqvs am
pirs qoneba, sakuTar Tavis SromiT scxovrobs is Tu ara da sxv. erTi
sityviT daamowmebs obieqtiur faqtebidan, rom am adamians, am subi­

388
eqts kavSiri aqvs am teritoriasTan da am teritoriis yofa-cxovre­
baSi, mis bedSi, mis awmyo da momavalSi monawileobas iRebs. da aseT
kacs eZleva moqalaqeobrivi ufleba. amaze martivi gaadvilebuli we­
sis warmodgenac ki SeuZlebelia.
maSasadame es kanon-proeqti me vityvi, ukiduresi demokratiulia
da rogorc aseTi, es unda iyos miRebuli da damtkicebuli. Cven rom
is martivi muxlebi migveRo, romelic aq waikiTxa soc.-revol. ora­
torma, es did uxerxulobas Seqmnida Cven demokratiisTvis. marTlac,
yvela gamvlel, gamomvlels rom Txovnebi vawerinoT Tqveni moqa­
laqeoba ara gvsurso, _ me mgonia, amas arc saWiroeba Txoulobs, da
arc saxelmwifos interesi. da me vambob, roca saxelmwifos interesi
ar Txoulobs, rom davsaqmoT yvela, Cvenc ar unda CavidinoT es.
Semdeg mogviTxroben, rom meore nawili proeqtis Seicavs ara
demokratiul wesebs, gansakuTrebiT, sadac qalis gaTxovebaze aris
laparaki. me vambob, rom pirdapir politikur ususurobaT unda CaiT­
valos iseT azris gamoTqma, rom qalis interesi TiTqos Txoulobs
politikur uflebebis micemas ara iq, sadac is cxovrobs, aramed iq,
sadac is ar scxovrobs. warmoidgineT adamiani, romelic Txovdeba, da
CveulebrivaT, _ midis iq, sadac cxovrobs qmari, vsTqvaT magaliTad,
safrangeTSi. Cven vambobT, rom is qali ar unda darCes saqarTvelos
moqalaqeT. aba warmoidgineT, rom aseT qals, aqvs politikuri ufle­
ba, arCevnebis ufleba saqarTveloSi, sadac aRar scxovrobs da aravi­
Tari ufleba ar aqvs iq, safrangeTSi, sadac scxovrobs, sadac Svilebs
zrdis, sadac faqtiuraT dakavSirebulia cxovrebasTan. Cven mas unda
wavarTvaT es ufleba iq, da davaZaloT miiRos qveSevrdomoba aq? me
mgonia, araviTari ufleba ar gvaqvs Cven amis, piriqiT, araviTari in­
teresi ar moiTxovs imas, rom am qals darCes moqalaqeoba saqarTve­
loSi, da im dros, roca misi Svilebi iq izrdebian, aq saqarTvelos
qveSevrdomobiT maT raime movaleoba, daedos: bevrs hgonia, moqa­
laqeoba aris ufleba. me ar vambob, rom moqalaqeoba ar aris ufleba,
me ki vambob, rom moqalaqeoba aris movaleobac, da es movaleoba, um­
Tavresad aZevs mamakacs. ai, magaliTaT, samxedro begara, da sxva, rac
umTavresaT aZevs mamakacs. mara zogs goniaT, rom es ufleba misi upi­
ratesoba aris. es ar aris upiratesoba, piriqiT es aris ufleba odio­
zuri, ese igi es aris upiratesoba movaleobis, ai magaliTaT, Tu samxe­
dro begaras ar gadixdis kaci, imas ar SeuZlian miatovos saxelmwifo
da sxvis moqalaqeT gaxdes. is aris movale saxelmwifos winaSe da Tu
begaras ar gadixdis ar SeuZlian saxelmwifodan wavides. qals aseTi
movaleoba ar awevs. cxadia, mas wasvla SeuZlian. cxadia, roca qali
gaTxovdeba is xdeba iqaur moqalaqeT, sadauric qmari yavs, vinaidan
es masac esaWiroeba. mas eqneba iq politikuri uflebebi da agreTve
movaleobac, vinaidan saxelmwifo ar dastovebs ise, rom movaleoba
ar daakisros. amitom me vambob, rom aq aris kiTxva ara qalis an kacis,
aramed saxelmwifos interesebis, amitom yvela adamians aqvs movaleo­

389
ba da politikuri uflebebi iq, sadac is scxovrobs, sadac Sromobs,
moRvaweobs, da arsebiTi interesi aqvs. amitom TviT es kanon-proeqti
Tavis principialur SinaarsiT savsebiT misaRebia damfuZnebel kre­
bisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare: winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili: kamaTi gadaidos
Semdegi krebisaTvis.
vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. maSasadame, kenWs uyri. vin
aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, miRebulia da kamaTi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb
gadideba Semdeg krebisaTvis.
sityva ekuTvnis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs saerTo politikur md­
gomareobis Sesaxeb gancxadebisTvis.

sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni petres-Ze gegeWkoris


gancxadeba, saerTo politikur mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba da umTavresad inglisTan
damokidebuleba did gaugebrobas hbadebs Cveni xalxis TiTqmis yvela
wreebSi. hbadebs agreTve, sxva da sxva xmebs da isedac nerviul sazoga­
doebriv atmosferas kidev ufro arTulebs da swamlavs.
umTavresi mizezi aseT mdgomareobisa, Cven unda veZioT Cvens ga­
reSe, meore rig mizezebisa ki _ CvenSi, adgilobrivaT.
Tu ki Cven miviRebT mxedvelobaSi saerTaSoriso koniunqturas
da mas angariSs gauwevT, me vaZlev Cem Tavs nebas ganvacxado Tqvens
winaSe, rom TiTqmis marTladac gasakvirveli imaSi, rasac Cven ganvic­
diT _ araferia.
maSin, rodesac didi okeane cxovrebisa Relavs da boboqrobs da
bumberaz xomaldebs, did saxelmwifoebs nafotsaviT aTamaSebs, ra ga­
sakvirvelia, rom patara navi Cveni norCi respublikisa am stiqionis
winaSe saSinelebas da gansacdels ganicdis?
me nebas vaZlev Cem Tavs dagekiTxoT Tqven, _ aba damisaxeleT ise­
Ti romelime saxelmwifo, an mTavroba, romelic sTvlides Tavis md­
gomareobas uzrunvelyofilad, yvela maTTvis friad saWirboroto
da sasicocxlo kiTxvebi gadaWrilad miaCndes da didis imedebiT Se­
hyurebdes momavals. SegviZlian Tu ara Cven dRes, dRevandel politi­
kur atmosferaSi vsTqvaT gadaWriT, rom romelime saxelmwifo iyos
faqtiuri gamge Tavis realur Zalebisa?
am ramdenime Tvis winad, germaniis koaliciis damarcxebis Semdeg,
mTeli kacobrioba amyarebda imedebs parizis konferenciaze. yvela
Cvengani gafacicebiT Tvalyurs vadevnebdiT konferenciis muSaobas
da sruli imedi gvqonda, rom es konferencia zavs Camoagdebda da da­
sasruls miscemda im ubedurebas, romelic kacobriobas saerTaSori­
so omma Tavs daatexa, magram unda vsTqvaT dRes, rom Cven TiTqmis es

390
imedebi gagvicruvda, dResac ar aris zavi Camogdebuli, es sisxlis
burusi gafantuli da Cven kidev ar viciT, rodis iqneba es, rodis
dadgeba es sanetaro dro, romelsac saerTaSoriso zavi da mSvido­
bianoba hqvian.
Cven mets vityviT. piriqiT, mdgomareoba TiTqmis ufro rTul­
deba, saerTo politikis koniunqturaSi SemoiWra axali Zalebi, rac,
unda vTqvaT, ufro gvaSorebs am mSvidobianobas da zavs, da ra ga­
sakviria, vimeoreb me, Tu aseT cieb-cxelebis dros evropam Cven da
CvenisTana patara erebi TiTqos daiviwya. CvenTvis Cveni sakiTxi yov­
elisferia, maTTvis ki, vinc dRes dReobiT ganagebs Cveni da saerTod
kacobriobis bed-iRbals, Cveni sakiTxi SedarebiT umniSvneloa, wvr­
ilmania. Tqven albaT gaxsovT moqalaqeno, im depeSis Sinaarsi, rome­
lic iyo parizidan warmogzavnili Cveni delegaciis mier, sadac iyo
naTqvami, rom amier-kavkasiis da kerZoT saqarTvelos sakiTxi daisme­
ba mxolod mis Semdeg, rac dadebuli iqneba zavi antaunt-sa da germani­
is Soris.
am dReebSi adgilobrivma safrangeTis misiam miiRo agreTve depe­
Sa safrangeTis sagareo ministrisagan, sadac aris naTqvami, rom jer
ar viciT rodis daismeba amier-kavkasiis sakiTxio.
am nairad, Cven jer kidev, ar viciT, Tu rodis gaxdeba Cveni xalxis
neba yofa da Cveni xalxis samarTliani moTxovnileba sagnad konfer­
enciis ganxilvisa.
aseTia saerTo mdgomareoba, saerTo suraTi.
yvela es Cven unda miviRoT saxeSi da gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu gvsurs
miudgomeli msjavri daudoT Cven saerTo muSaobas da sisworiT dava­
fasoT Cveni saxelmwifos moRvaweoba. da amitom, Cven vityviT, rom
glaxa samsaxurs uwevs Cvens respublikas is, vinc ar Seecdeba naTlad
daanaxos Cven xalxs Tu sad da raSi aris, umTavresi, xazs vusvam me mas,
wyaro im saSinel ubedurebisa, romelsac dRes Cveni xalxi da respub­
lika ganicdis.
gadavideT exla adgilobriv pirobebze, adgilobriv mizezebze,
Cven gamourkvevlobaze da arev-darevaze.
aq umTavresad, Cven yuradReba unda mivaqcioT Cvens urTi-erTo­
bas ingliselebTan. 7 Tvea, rac mokavSireTa Zalebis Semosvla Cven
teritoriis farglebSi gaxda realur faqtorad Cveni politikisa
da sazogado cxovrebisa. exlandeli dro, rodesac yoveli dRe wlebs
udris, 7 Tve xalxis cxovrebaSi es mTeli xanaa. amitomac Cven samar­
Tlianad vracxT im gulis wyromas, romelic Cvenma presam, politi­
kurma wreebma, Cvenma sazogadoebam gamosTqva imis gamo, rom dRemdis
ar aris gamorkveuli Cveni urTi-erToba da Cven dRemdis naTlad ar
gvaqvs warmodgenili, Tu ra asuldgmulebs mokavSireTa adgilobriv
politikas, ra sarCuli udevs mas, da ra aris imaTi miznebi? yvela es
agrea. magram aq unda davsvaT kiTxva: udevs amaSi brali saqarTvelos
mTavrobas da xalxs? gadaWriT vacxadeb Tqven winaSe, rom ara.

391
saqarTvelos mTavrobam xalxis saxeliT pirvel SexvedrisTanave
gamoucxada mokavSireTa warmomadgenels, rom mas surs keTil-sindis­
ieri mokavSireoba maTTan, rom is mzaT aris SeZlebis da gvaraT xeli
Seuwyos maT aq muSaobas. mxolod erTi pirobiT, rom uzrunvel yofi­
li iqnes Cveni damoukidebloba yovel Tavdasxmisagan da amiT xeli ar
SeuSalos Cven xalxs mis saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobiT TviTmoqmedeba­
Si. da me SemiZlian Tqven winaSe sruliad Tamamad ganvacxado, rom saqa­
rTvelos mTavrobam Tavisi dapireba pirnaTlad Seasrula da am mxriv
erTxelac mas Tavisi politika ar Seucvlia. Cven ver dagvisaxeleben
verc erT SemTxvevas, verc erT moments, rom Cven gveRalatnos Cven
mier arCeul loialobis gzisTvis. samwuxarod, miuxedavad Cveni cdi­
sa, Cven dResac ar gvaqvs sasurveli damokidebuleba mokavSireebTan.
batonebo, daJeJils gatexili sjobiao, amboben. da dRes es, ro­
gorc yovelTvis, Cven migvaCnia sasurvelad am tribunidan vsTqvaT
is, rac saTqmelia. saqarTvelos mTavroba erT mizans emsaxureba. es
_ ganamtkicos Cveni demokratiuli saxelmwifo da am gziT saSuale­
ba misces Cven xalxs eziaros evropiul kulturas da civilizacias;
_ am miznisaken is midis swori gziT da araviTar dauSvebel saZrax
saSualebas Tavis moqmedebaSi is ar mimarTavs. Cveni diplomatia ar
aris saidumlo diplomatia da amitomac yvela is faqtebi, romleb­
zedac Cveni cnobebiT emyareba es guliswyroma, an ukeT, rom vsTqvaT,
es cudi ganwyobileba, romelsac TiTqos Cven vgrZnobT, ai es faqtebi
dRes aq unda daisvas da damfuZnebelma krebam, suverenulma warmo­
madgenelma Cveni respublikisa am faqtebs Tavisi dafaseba misces.
ra brals gvdeben Cven?
sam rameSi.
pirveli es _ gagris dakaveba, meore _ focxovis da artaanis daka­
veba da mesame inglisel eqimis mavoelis mokvla.
soWis frontis Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebis sxdomaze ukve iyo
msjeloba da Cven maSin TiTqmis amovwureT es sakiTxi. Cven aSkarad
vsTqviT is, rac saTqmeli gvqonda. me ar Sevudgebi, rasakvirvelia,
ganmeorebas imisas, rac iq iTqva. mxolod minda ramdenime kiTxva
davsva. nu Tu SesaZloa laparaki imaze, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam
angariSi ar gauwia inglisis sardlobis rCevas, maSin, rodesac gen­
erali denikini da misi laSqari, miuxedavad inglisis garantiisa,
veragulad Tavs dagvesxa, Cven patara razms iaraRi ahyara, sastikad
Suri iZia mcxovreblebze da gansakuTrebT qarTvelebze. generalma
denikinma aramc Tu ar Seasrula millis brZaneba, rom mas soWis olqi
daecala, piriqiT man aSkarad moindoma soxumis olqis dakaveba da es
dRes utyuar sabuTebiT mtkicdeba. ai am dros, rodesac saqarTvelom
moindoma Tavis aucilebel strategiul xazis dakaveba, es Cven xalxs
sastik danaSaulad eTvleba.
da me gekiTxebiT, moqalaqeno, vin SebRala am SemTxvevaSi inglisis
prestiJi? nu Tu Cven? maSin, rodesac Cven sami Tvis cda movandomeT

392
imas, rom denikins inglisis generalis, mTavar sardlis brZaneba Sees­
rulebina? me mgonia, rom am kiTxvaze ori pasuxi yovlad SeuZlebelia
Tu ki, marTlac, Cven SevecdebiT obieqturi analizi gaukeToT saqmis
mdgomareobas da ar vixelmZRvanelebT sxva raime grZnobebiT.
gadavideT axla focxovis da artaanis dakavebaze.
xuTi Tvea, moqalaqeno, rac Cven osmaleTis mier gapartaxebuli da
angreuli axalcixe da axalqalaqi CavibareT. da swored mTeli es dro
movandomeT mxolod imas, rom es raioni dagvecva mtris Tavdasxmisa­
gan. Tqven gaxsovT albad, rom swored mis Semdeg, rac Cven am mazrebSi
fexi SevdgiT, yarsSi daarsda egred wodebuli aRmosavleT-samxreT
kavkasiis mTavroba da pirveli gancxadeba, romelic sagareo saqmeTa
ministrma saqarTveloisam gaukeTa general mills es is iyo, rom mas
mieqcia yuradReba yarsis mTavrobisTvis. Cven maSinve imas gamovucxa­
deT, rom yarsis mTavroba, arc meti, arc naklebi, osmalTa organi­
zaciaa. Cven maT sabuTebiT davumtkiceT, rom mTeli es mTavroba iyo
Sedgenili osmalTa emisarebis da agentebis mier. Cven gancxadebasTan
erTad isic dagveTanxma, rom Tu marTlac ingliss ainteresebs CvenSi
wesierebis ganmtkiceba, aucilebeli xdeba, rom dauyonebliv zomebi
iqnes miRebuli yarsis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg. magram maSin aseT Cven
gancxadebas, miuxedavad dapirebisa, saubedurod, saTanado yuradRe­
ba ar mieqca da Semdeg mTelma axalcixis, axalqalaqis istoriam naT­
lad daamtkica, rom Cven marTali viyaviT. Tqven iciT, rom focxovis
raioni gaxda bude, saidanac serveT-beg aTabagovis urdoebi axdend­
nen Tavdasxmas axalcixeze da Cven ar gvaZlevden saSualebas, rom iq
saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba gvewarmoebina. bolos da bolos, rodesac
Cven iZulebulni gavxdiT amisTvis bolo mogveRo, Cvens sabednierod,
general tomsonmac miiRo energiuli zomebi e. w. yarsis mTavrobis wi­
naaRmdeg da misi TanxmobiT Cven daviWireT focxovi da artaani.
amnairad, Cveni focxovis da artaanis raionSi gadasvla, me gadaW­
riT vacxadeb Tqvens winaSe, moxda general tomsonTan SeTanxmebiT. da
dRes, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavrobam, mTelma Cvenma xalxma amdeni
msxverpli Seswira am saqmes, dRes sakiTxis sxvanairad Sebruneba Cven
ver gagvigia, ver agvixsnia. raSia aq saqarTvelos mTavrobis brali,
dResac es CvenTvis gaugebaria.
Cven kidev, moqalaqeno, ar dagvikargavs imedi, rom am sakiTxSi
iqneba gamonaxuli iseTi gadawyvetileba, romelic ar SebRalavs Cveni
xalxis sasicocxlo interesebs da Seefereba mis Rirsebas.
bolos Tqven iciT, rom aq qalaq tfilisSi hqonda adgili fri­
ad samwuxaro SemTxvevas, es gaxldaT inglisis eqimis mkvleloba.
meore dResve saqarTvelos mTavrobam Tavisi mwuxareba gamoucxa­
da inglisis misias da Semdeg borot-momqmedni gadacemul iqnen sa­
samarTloSi. Tqven iciT, rom sasamarTlom msjavri gamoutana: sams
sikvdiliT dasja gadauwyvita, danarCenebs ki katorRa. marTalia,
am samwuxaro SemTxvevas zed daerTo meore samwuxaro SemTxveva,

393
Tqven iciT, rom gzaSi, rodesac ukan mohyavdaT dasjilni maT gaqce­
va moaxerxes, magram ori maTgani iqve iyo mokluli. iciT albaT isic,
rom erTi borotmomqmedTagani paiWaZe, romelic Sepyrobil iqna
ozurgeTSi, gaiqca, magram gana aqedan, aseT faqtebidan SeiZleba
raime politikur daskvnis gakeTeba? me mgonia, rom ara, radganac
iq am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvqonda mxolod samwuxaro faqtebTan saqme,
rasac Cven vaRiarebT. erTad-erTi daskvna, romelic SeiZleba aqedan
miudgomelma adamianma gamoiyvanos, rom marTlac Cveni saxelmwi­
foebrivi aparati ar gvaqvs ise mowyobili, rogorc amas Cveni xalx­
is interesi moiTxovs. magram, meores mxriv, isic unda vsTqvaT, rom
aseTi SemTxveva SesaZlebelia moxdes iqac, sadac asis wlobiT aris
muSaoba saxelmwifoebriv sferoSi. istoriam ar icis magaliTi, rom
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mowyobiliyos saxelmwifoebrivi aparati
ise, rom mas raime defeqti ar hqondes. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me unda
ganvacxado Tqven winaSe, rom es faqti, TavisTavad samwuxaro, ise­
Ti umniSvneloa, rom maze aSeneba iseTi Sexedulebisa Cvenze, TiTqos
Cven ar Segvwevdes unari saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobisa, yovlad
SeuZlebelia (arseniZe: marTalia!)
ai moqalaqeno, yvela is, rac Cven gvesmis oficialurad.
danarCen rameze, me unda aRvniSno Tqven winaSe, rom Cven oficial­
urad ar gvsmenia. (xma: baTumSi gamokruli gancxadeba?) ara oficial­
urad bevri ram gvesmis.
moqalaqeno, Tqven albad dagviwyebiaT, gana SeiZleba daviwyeba
reiteris saagentos gadmocemuli cnoba Sesaxeb imisa, rom saqarTve­
lo kidev 1914 wels, yofila moRalate, 1914 wels saqarTvelo yofila
kavSirSi osmaleTTan. (arseniZe: sazizRari provokaciaa!)
saqarTvelo da osmaleTi mokavSireni?
marTlac sazizRrobaa. magram aseTi cnoba CvenTvis, yvelasaTvis,
rasakvirvelia, sasaciloc aris.
isini, vinc aseT cnobebs populizacias ukeTeben, Cven aSkarad
SegviZlian vTqvaT, araviTar angariSs ar uweven samarTlianobas, To­
rem es ase rom ar iyos gana, ase Zneli iyo Cveni am omis drois istoriis
gacnoba imisTvis, vinc aseT provokacias Txzavs Cvens winaaRmdeg?
brestis konferenciis istoria, gana es iseTi utyuari faqti ar
aris, romelsac angariSs unda uwevdes yvela, vinc TavisTavs da samar­
Tlianobas pativs scems?
gana maSin kidev, rodesac germaniis koalicia iyo gamarjvebuli
da baton-patroni frontze, patara saqarTvelom ar gamoiCina gambed­
aoba da ar uarhyo is winadadeba, romliTac mogvmarTes Cven germaniam
da osmaleTma, rom Cven gagvegzavna brestSi Cveni warmomadgenlebi?
an da vis SeuZlian wagvarTvas Cven is, rac Cven gvaqvs?
baTumis dacva, ai is ZmaTa sasaflao, romelic agebulia anari­
aze, anda Coloqis brwyinvale gamarjveba, ozurgeTSi aTasobiT Cve­
ni ltolvilebi, romlebic gamoiqcnen baTumidan da dResac ar arian

394
dabrunebulni, gana es ar mowmobs imas, rom saqarTvelo, qarTveli
xalxi arasodes moRalate ar yofila da arc iqneba? (mquxare taSi).
es utyuari faqtebia. magram miuxedavad aseTi faqtebisa mainc,
samwuxarod unda vsTqvaT, iseTi dawesebuleba, iseTi organo, ro­
goric reiteris saagentoa, aZlevs Tavis Tavs nebas da mTel samyaros
auwyebs imas, rasac Cven cxovrebaSi adgili ara hqonia. mere ra udevs
sarCulad amas?
Tqven albad kargad iciT is nabiji xuTi-eqvsi upasuxismgeblo
pirTa, romelTac arsodes kavSiri ara hqonia Cven xalxTan. ai am sar­
Culze aris agebuli is saSineli provokacia, romelic mTel atmos­
feras Cvens sazaralod JRenTavs da Cven respublikas gansacdels
umzadebs. anda is werili, romelic moTavsebulia gazeT „Times“-Si.
Tqven albad dRes ukve waikiTxeT es werili, werili aRsavse insinu­
aciebiT da ginebiT, werili, sadac aris naTqvami, rom TiTqos saqa­
rTvelom mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi ver gamoiCina veraviTari saxel­
mwifoebrivi unari da energia da saWiroebs baton-patrons. Cven ar
viciT saidan amokrifa am werilis avtorma es ambavi, mxolod Cven
gvikvirs, risTvis ar aamaRlebs Tavis xmas is, vinc Cven muSaobas
Tvalyurs adevnebs, vinc icis, xedavs Tu ra xdeba mTel yofil ruse­
Tis imperiis sivrceze, ras warmoadgens saqarTvelo, yvela amas xe­
daven, magram saubedurod Cvenda, am mxriv araviTari nabiji ar aris
gadadgmuli, rom gafantuli yofiliyo is mowamluli atmosfera,
romelic Seqmna aseTma gamosvlebma. da me gekiTxebiT moqalaqeno,
exla ras ifiqrebs Cveni xalxi, rodesac is dainaxavs da gaigebs, rom
SarSandeli misi tragedia, misi mdgomareoba, misi cda, rom gaxdes
Tavis bedis gamomWedi, rom yvela es inaTleba iseT saxeliT, rogorc
monaTlulia reiteris saagentos cnobebiT da `Times~-is werilSi? me
mgonia, aseTi madgomareoba aravis prestiJs ar aamaRlebs, piriqiT
xels Seuwyobs dacemas im saxelmwifos prestiJisa, romelsac kavSiri
aqvs am wyaroebTan. (maWavariani: marTalia!)
me minda kidev SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba, moqalaqeno, imaze, rom
am bolo dros Zalian bevri xmebi vrceldeba Sesaxeb erTi proklam­
aciisa. Cveni cnobebiT, marTla aseTi proklamacia aris. Cven meti
cnobebic gvaqvs, zogierT adgilebSi es proklamacia ukve aris
gamokruli. me ver gadmogcemT exla savsebiT Sinaarss am proklamaci­
isas, mxolod unda aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, rom Sinaarsi am proklam­
aciisa yovlad miuRebelia saqarTvelos respublikisaTvis! (mquxare
taSi. gvazava: marTalia!)
Cvens xalxs imisTvis ki ar ubrZolia ramdenime aTeul wlobiT da
am brZolaSi ar gauRia wminda msxverpli, rom erTi xelis dakvriT vin­
mem moindomos am Cven Tavisuflebis gatexa da damarxva.
ai swored es gancxadeba saqarTvelos mTavrobam oficialurad
ukve gaakeTa. (gobeCia: rodis?).
ra brZaneT?

395
(gobeCia: rodis?). maSin, rodesac gaigo am proklamaciis arsebo­
ba, im wamsve.
Cven vacxadebT, piradad me vacxadeb am tribunidan, rom Cven gve­
smis Cveni movaleoba, is movaleoba, romelic ikisra saqarTvelos
mTavrobam mokavSireTa winaSe, am movaleobas SevasrulebT, magram
imave dros, Cven gvesmis Cveni uflebis pativiscemac.
Tavidanve, rogorc es Tqven iciT, Cven Soris iyo dadebuli xe­
lSekruloba, xelSekruloba xel-mowerili inglisis oficialur
warmomadgenelis mier, sadac aris naTqvami, rom mokavSireTa warmo­
madgenelni Cven Sinaur saqmeSi ar Caerevian da Cven Tavisuflebas ar
SebRalaven.
ai am niadagze vdgevarT Cven, Tu es pirobebi iqneba daculi. Cven
yovelgvar pasuxismgeblobas, ise, rogorc dRemdis agviRia, pirnaT­
lad SevasrulebT da SemdegSiac vecdebiT es pasuxismgebloba Cven
Tavze vikisroT, magram is, rac aucilebel pirobebs Seadgens Cveni
respublikis suverenobisas, me Tamamad SemiZlian Tqvens winaSe vsTq­
va, sanam es mTavroba sdgas Tavis alagas, is Seecdeba es daicvas! (xan­
grZlivi mxurvale taSi).
ar SemiZlian Tqveni yuradReba ar SevaCero ramdenime wuTiT am­
ierkavkasiis konferenciaze.
me minda aRvniSno, rom mTavrobis politikis umTavresi RerZi es
gaxlavT keTil-mezobluri ganwyobileba yvela amier-kavkasiaSi mo­
binadre erebTan. marTalia am gzaze Cven bevri dabrkoleba vnaxeT,
magram mainc da mainc am miznisTvis Cven moqmedebaSi ar gviRalat­
nia da bolos marTlac saqarTvelos mTavrobis TaosnobiT, rogorc
iciT, ukve ramodenime dRea muSaobs amier-kavkasiis konferencia; aq
iyo Cveni Taosnoba, es iyo Cveni mowodeba da TviT faqti imisa, rom
es ganxorcielda. es gvavalebs Cven, rom Cven erTnairad, ufro mwvave
TanagrZnobiT movekidoT am konferencias. Cven didi patrioti varT
am konferenciisa, magram aqve unda aRvniSno, rom araviTari iliuzi­
as aq alagi ar unda hqondes. Cven sruliad ar gvgonia rom, es konfer­
encia SesZlebs mogvces is, rac amier-kavkasiisTvis aucilebelia, e. i.
sruli SeTanxmeba politikur da ekonomiur kiTxvebSi amier-kavkasi­
is erTa Soris. kidev bevri sakiTxebia, moqalaqeno, Cven Soris sadao,
jer kidev bevri samuSaoa Cvens win, rom Cven SegveZlos vifiqroT,
rom erTis nabijiT SesaZlebelia amier-kavkasiis da kavkasiis xalxTa
politikur-ekonomiuri kavSiris mogvareba. magram Tu ki es konfer­
encia SesZlebs gamonaxos saerTo ena am erTa Soris, gamonaxos saer­
To niadagi, _ da aseTi niadagi aris ukve momzadebuli, es aris Cveni
Tavisuflebis dacva, solidarulad am mxriT moqmedeba, ai Tu am pir­
vel nabijs gadasdgams erTa solidarobis gzisken es konferencia, me
mgonia, rom mets Cven am konferencias ver moviTxovT da esec didi
samsaxuria.
ukve konferencia daiyo komisiebad da aq muSaoba swarmoebs.

396
momavali dagvanaxebs moqalaqeno, ramodenad cxovreba am Cven
imedebs ganaxorcielebs.
dasasrul me unda mogaxsenoT, rom metad seriozul da sapasux­
ismgeblo moments ganvicdiT Cven exla da, am mxriv, me mgonia, dam­
fuZnebeli krebis da saqarTvelos mTavrobis movaleobaa, rom Cven
xalxs auxsnaT, Tu ra dabrkoleba Sexvdeba mas im miznis ganxorciele­
baSi, romelsac Cven yvelani vemsaxurebiT.
aq aris saWiro dinji da auCqarebeli da masTan kidev yovelgvar
nerviobas moklebuli muSaoba da brZola.
aq aris marTlac meTodiuri brZola saWiro, radganac unda vico­
deT, rom aRelveba, aCqareba am mxriv saqmes zians moutans.
yvela moqalaqe unda gaimsWvalos im grZnobiT, rom is valdebu­
lia Tavis xalxs, Tavis Tavisuflebas Tavi Seswiros.
Tu am grZnobas Cven SevecdebiT cxovrebaSi gavataroT, Cven Rrmad
gvwams moqalaqeno, rom Cven uvneblad gavivliT eklian gzas da Cve­
ni Tavisuflebis droSas dauxrelad gavatarebT am mZime gzaze Cveni
miznis brwyinvale gamarjvebisaken (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. batonebo! exla oTxis naxevari gaxlavT, rogor mi­
brZanebT... (xmebi: gadavdoT, ganvagrZoT!) mesmis, „ganvagrZoT“, „gada­
vdoT!“ keTil inebeT da gamogzavneT werilobiT Tqveni winadadeba.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes. gsurT Tu ara isargebloT
sityviT?
r. arseniZe. me winadadeba Semomaqvs, _ Tu sigvianes gamo movindom­
eT krebis gadadeba, kreba gadavdoT da davniSnoT sagangebo sxdoma.
SegviZlian, _ magaliTad, _ xval saRamos 7 saaTisTvis davniSnoT igi,
Tu Tanaxma iqnebiT.
Tavmjdomare. rogorc sCans, gadadebis winaaRmdeg aravin aris.
maS winadadeba miRebulad unda CavTvaloT.
exla unda gadavwyvitoT, rogor inebebT, ra drosTvis? aris wina­
dadeba xval saRamosTvis. sxva winadadeba ar aris.
kenWs uyri mas. vin aris momxre imisa, rom gavmarToT xval saRa­
mos sagangebo kreba? vin aris winaaRmdeg? umciresoba. maSasadame,
miRebuli gaxlavT. exla, romel saaTze? (xma: 7 saaTze) kenWs uyri, 7 s.
aravin aris winaaRmdegi? (xmauroba, Tavmjdomaris zari.) jer sxdoma
ar aris daxuruli, batonebo, gTxovT dabrZandeT. vin aris winaaRm­
deg 7 s.? aravin. maSasadame, sxdoma am sakiTxze sakamaTod da saboloo
daskvnis gamosatanad damfuZnebel krebis mier, _ dainiSneba xval,
saRamos 7 s.
mogaxsenebT morig sxdomis dRiur wesrigs.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli (kiTxulobs morig sxdomis dRiur wes­
rigs). xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT nu xmaurobT, araferi ar is­
mis! (mdivani ganagrZobs kiTxvas). surs Tu ara vismes sityva samSabaTis
wesrigis Sesaxeb?

397
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
r. arseniZe. aq gamoiTqva survili, rom zogierT SekiTxvisTvis
gagvemarTa specialuri sxdoma, da me, piradaT, am mosazrebis Tanax­
mad, viTxove SabaTs yofiliyo daniSnuli sxdoma dRiuri wesrigis im
nawilisTvis, romelic daumTavrebeli darCa. da roca gamocxadda sam­
SabaTis sxdomis wesrigi, me sworeT giTxraT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi
davrCi. amitom me mgonia ukeTesi iqneba Tu SabaTis dRiur wesrigSi
movaTavsebT ara marto am moxsenebaze msjelobas, romelic gaakeTa
sagareo saqmeTa ministrma, aramed daumTavrebel dRevandel sxdomis
wesrigs, ramdensac movaswrobT.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, batonebo! me unda ganvacxado, rom Tu
gaugebroba moxda, prezidiumi arafer SuaSi aris. laparaki iyo mxo­
loT mTavrobis gancxadebaze da am gancxadebis gamo kamaTze. Semovi­
da winadadeba, rom gaimarTos sagangebo sxdoma SabaTs. me ese gavige,
da me mgonia ase gaigo umravlesobamac. axali winadadeba aris, rom
is wesrigi, romelic mogxsendaT samSabaTisTvis _ gadaidos SabaTisT­
vis, ese igi pirvel rigSi iyos kamaTi mTavrobis gancxadebis gamo da
Semdeg ganxilul iqmnas danarCeni wesrigi.
Tu moisurvebT, es wesrigi miRebuli iqneba. (arseniZe: ar aris ase,
sxva winadadebaa!) diax, batono, me ese gavige, me bodiSs vixdi, es im­
itomaa, rom ar swerT; daswereT, da ise miTxariT, razedac gnebavT
laparaki.
r. arseniZe. me mqonda laparaki dRes darCenil wesrigze. aq iyo
umTavresaT SekiTxvebi. sxva kanon-proeqti ar dagvrCa. maSasadame,
iqneba mTavrobis moxsenebis gamo kamaTi da Semdeg ganixileba darCe­
nili wesrigi. rac Seexeba samSabaTis wesrigs _ is Tavis Tavad wava.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, mTavrobis gancxadebis gamo kamaTi ga­
daideba xvalisaTvis da Semdeg mogxsendebaT SekiTxva, romlis ganx­
ilva dRes ver movaswariT. vis surs sityva? aravis. maSasadame wina­
dadeba miRebulia da sxdoma damTavrebulia. (Tavmjdomare sxdomas
daxurulad acxadebs 4 saaTsa da 35 wuTze).

398
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meTxuTmete (sagangebo) sxdoma

SabaTi, maisis 10. 1919 w. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba saRamos 7 s. da 15 wuT.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT komi­
siaSi gadasacem sakiTxebs.

komisiaSi gadasacemi dekretis proeqti.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs): finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis minis­


tris proeqti dekretisa samoqalaqo uwyebaTa saxelmwifo mosamsaxu­
reebisaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema safinanso sabiujeto komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. msjeloba gareSe saqmeTa ministris gancxadebis gamo _ saerTo


politikur mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
2. gagrZeleba msjelobisa socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqci­
is Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo _ quTaisis sisxlis
samarTlis miliciis ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Taobaze.

399
3. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi sa­
samarTlo palatis ufrosi Tavmjdomaris mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb.
4. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa sasjelisagan sruliad ganTavi­
suflebis Sesaxeb.

msjeloba gareSe saqmeTa ministris gancxadebis gamo


saerTo politikur mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. exla iqneba msjeloba gareSe saqmeTa ministris


gancxadebis gamo, saerTo politikur mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs simon mdivans.

simon mdivanis sityva


(s. f.)

damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!


guSin Cven gvqonda SemTxveva mogvesmina gareSe saqmeTa ministris
moxseneba Cveni qveynis da Cveni respublikis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. aq
naTlad da aSkarad iyo dasmuli sakiTxi, Tu ra mdgomareobaSi aris
dRes Cavardnili Cveni axalgazrda, norCi, jer kidev organizaci­
ulad gaumagrebeli respublika.
yvela Cvengani fiqrobs imas, rom is sakiTxi, romlis garSemo dRes
kamaTi unda dasruldes da saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam Tavisi
daskvna miawodos im xalxs, romelmac gamogzavna, airCia es damfuZne­
beli kreba, aris sabediswero sakiTxi.
Tqven kargad iciT, rom am erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, amgvari sakiTx­
ebi ara erTxel dasmula Cvens winaSe da pirveli SexedviT Cven gvego­
na, rom sabediswero sakiTxebi iseTia, rom am gadaWraze aris damok­
idebuli Cveni yofna Tu ar yofna. magram is sakiTxebi SesaZlebelia
ar gadiWrnen ise, rogorc Cven gvsurda, magram arc ise, rogorc Cven
mowinaaRmdeges undoda. bolos da bolos saqarTvelos respublika
dRemdis arsebobs da dResac sabuTi araa vifiqroT, rom mas raime
Zala mospobs. saqarTvelos demokratia Tavis Camoyalibebul nebas,
gaerTianebul Zalas, yovelTvis amgvar sakiTxebis gadawyvetis dros
gamoaaSkaravebs da erTgvar Seuryevlobas gamoiCens.
Cven kargad viciT, rom dRes parizis konferencias surs likvi­
dacia mouxdinos oms. omi viTomc da gaTavda da am omis likvidacia
xdeba dRes parizSi. aseTi konferencia, rasakvirvelia, ufro mcire­
di masStabiT, moxda brestSi. iq warsdgnen: erTi mxriT, gamarjvebu­
li germania, meores mxriv damarcxebuli ruseTis demokratia. da Cven

400
viciT kargad, Tu ra saSineli zavi moaxvies Tavs germaniis imperial­
istebma omSi damarcxebul ruseTis demokratias. am zavis pirobebiT
ruseTis demokratia iZulebuli iyo xeli aeRo yovelive xalxis qone­
baze da gadaeca germanel imperialistebisTvis. am brestis pirobaSi
Setanili iyo agredve muxli, rom ruseTis demokratias ufleba ar
hqonda raime agitacia gaewia Tavis ideebisaTvis germaniis saxelmwi­
foSi da amgvar zavs ruseTis demokratiam xeli moawera.
Cven principialurad SegviZlian ganvsajoT bolSevikebi imis gamo
Tu ramdenad misaRebi iyo maSindel mdgomareobaSi aseTi pirobebi,
ramdenad icavdnen Tavis Camoyalibebul principebs im dros, rodesac
xels awerdnen am zavs, magram dRes yvelasaTvis aSkaraa, rom arc erTi
muxli xsenebuli zavisa ar asrulebula. saamisod didi survili, en­
ergia da Sroma dasWirdaT germaniis imperialistebs, magram mainc
misi asruleba ar dascaldaT.
dRes parizis konferencia igive pirobebSia savsebiT. ufro mk­
acri pirobebia warmodgenili germaniis xalxisadmi. Tu Cven wina
naTeli warmodgena ar gvqonda imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras niSnavda, rode­
sac kacs uflebas ahyridnen, yovelive qonebas CamoarTmevdnen, amiT
sasjels miayenebdnen da am Semecnebas ver vicnobdiT kargad, exla
naTlad SegviZlian warmovidginoT agreTve, ras niSnavs uflebis
ayra, ras niSnavs qonebis CamorTmeva. amisTvis sakmarisia waikiTxoT
parizisagan germaniisadmi wardgenili zavis pirobebi. me ar vici,
moawers germania xels Tu ara, magram es pirobebi omis likvidacias
ver mouxdens, rom ver daamyarebs simSvides, wesrigs, ver gardaqmnis
dRevandel duxWir cxovrebas, ver Seqmnis saxelmwifoebriobas, es
aSkaraa. es 5 didi saxelmwifoni SesZleben am pirobebis realizacias
Tu ara, esec sadao sakiTxia.
omis fsixologia iyo imgvari, rom rodesac erTi mxare scemda
meores, damarcxebuli mxare iZaxda: me vibrZvi ara Cem interesebisaT­
vis, aramed mTeli msoflio ganTavisuflebisTvis, Cven gvinda yovel
ers mivaniWoT ufleba Tavisufal cxovrebisa, yovel eris kulturas
mivceT saSualeba, rom is ar gahqres, yovelive adamians mivsceT sa­
Sualeba Tavis pirovnebis ganviTarebisa. da ramdenad ufro sasti­
kad scemda mowinaaRmdege, ramdenad ufro met damarcxebisaken iyo
mimarTuli, imdenad ufro dabejiTebiT laparakobda, rom es Cemi da­
mamarcxebeli wainaaRmdegi aris imisa, rasac me vicavo. Tu me mTeli
qveyana damexmareba da saSualebas momcems davamarcxo aseTi sasti­
ki mowinaaRmdege, mTeli kacobrioba naxavs, rom yovel xalxs, yovel
kulturul qveyanas Svela miecemao. magram vnaxeT Cven, rom es sas­
tiki mdevneli xalxebisa, sastiki momspobeli kulturisa, yovelive
xelovnebisa da ganxorcieleba velurobisa damarcxda. gaimarjva
sworeT imaT, vinc ufro mets da bevrs yviroda.
magram Cven dRes vnaxeT, rom sityva erTi yofila, saqme ki sxva. da
am sxva da sxvaobis simwvaves dRes Cven ganvicdiT. es, Cvenis azriT,

401
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam ZiriTadi ukuRmarToba ar moispoba. es Zir­
iTadi ukuRmarToba ki ver moispoba sanam am sakiTxs axali Zala ar
daepatroneba _ msoflios socialisturi demokratia. es axali Zala,
Cvenda saubeduroT, jer ar aris kidev organiulad SekavSirebuli,
ar aris mowyobili da ver axerxebs dResve gadasWras es sakiTxi. vidre
es Zala ar Caereva am sakiTxSi da ar ityvis Tavis sityvas, manam Cven
ver miviRebT verc wess, verc rigs, verc mSvidobianobas. ai am mxriv
rom ukvirdebiT Cven mdgomareobas, unda vaRiaroT, rom dRevandel
batonebisadmi Cven gausworebeli skeptikosebi varT. isini veravis
mospoben, isini veravis gaanadgureben, mxolod erT samsaxurs gagviw­
even _ rac ufro met simwvaves gvagrZnobineben, rac ufro met anarqias
da arev-darevas Seitanen cxovrebaSi, miT ufro male moeReba bolo.
me mgonia maT daukiTxavad es dasasruli ueWvelad unda movides.
ai, yvela amiT me minda vsTqva, rom Cven gaTvaliswinebuli gvaqvs
msoflio demokratiis Zala, Cveni survilebi sruliad Seefereba maT
suliskveTebas. Cveni survili erTad-erTia mxolod: saqarTvelo, So­
bili revoliuciiT, saqarTvelo damoukidebeli, Tavisufali da Ta­
vis patroni unda darCes xeluxlebeli. rasakvirvelia saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian haerSi Camokideba, rasakvirvelia misTvis
aucilebelia kavSiri, magram es kavSiri unda iyos SeTanxmebiTi, wi­
naswar gaTvaliswinebuli da ara Tavze zevidan moxveuli. amas, amgvar
kavSirs, saqarTvelos demokratia yovelTvis angariSs gauwevs.
rodesac CvenSi mokavSireTa Zala Semodioda, CvenTvis aSkara iyo
erTi ram. Cven gvegona, rom im loialobisaTvis, romelic saqarTvelos
demokratiam gamoiCina orive mowinaaRmdege mebrZol mxarisadmi, igi
Cven mogvepyroboda ise, rogorc epyroboda saqarTvelos demokra­
tias winad Semosuli Zala. marTalia Tavidanve sruli neitraloba
gamovacxadeT, magram Cven aseTi neitralobis sruli dacva, vicodiT,
rom ar SegveZlo. Cven moviTxovdiT im Zalisagan, romelic aq Semo­
dioda, ramdenadac mainc es neitraliteti daecva. da rodesac moka­
vSireebma daapires aq Semosvla, Cvenma mTavrobam maT mosTxova Sem­
degi: Cven winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevT Tqvens jars, Tqven jars aqvs
sakuTari mizani _ ganwmenda amier-kavkasiisa osmaleTis da germani­
is jarisagan, magram raic Seexeba Cven sakuTar Sinaur saqmeebs, amaSi
Carevis nebas ar mivcemT, rasakvirvelia, es imdenad, ramdenadac Cven
amas SevZlebT. erTgvari pirobebi iyo dawerili. am pirobebis Sesaxeb
ukve mogaxsenaT gareSe saqmeTa ministrma, da es pirobebi xelmower­
ilia maTi warmomadgenlebis mier. marTalia, Cven ar viciT, hqondaT
maT amis ufleba Tu ara, SeeZloT Tu ara, maT xeli moeweraT amgvar
SeTanxmebaze.
amas imitom vambob, rom Tqven albaT gazeTebSi waikiTxavdiT ra sa­
ocari ambavi moxda parizis palataSi. iq SekiTxva iyo ruseTis ambebis
gamo: ekiTxebodnen memarcxene fraqciebis warmomadgenelni gareSe
saqmeTa ministrs, rom esa Tu es konsuli, aseT Tu aseT gancxadebas

402
akeTebs ruseTSi, TiTqmis oms ucxadebs ukrainas, da nuTu es warmomad­
geneli aris safrangeTisa? gareSe saqmeTa ministrma ganucxada pala­
tas, rom konsuli eno odesaSi ar aris safrangeTis warmomadgeneli,
da is rac iman sTqva, an moimoqmeda, ar aris azri safrangeTisa. Tu
Cven aseT movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme, maSin sxva sakiTxia. Cveni ubedure­
ba is aris, rom ar SegviZlian droze vamcnoT yvelas, rac xdeba aq.
magram sanam dabejiTebiT es ar viciT, Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom gvaqvs
saqme mokavSireT, kanonier warmomadgenlebTan saqarTveloSi da es
kanonieri warmomadgenlebi gvawodeben yovelTvis azrs im saxelmwi­
fosas, romelsac isini warmoadgenen. amrigad, is SeTanxmeba, romelic
iyo saTaveSi dadebuli, dRes ZalaSi rCeba.
Tqven moismineT gancxadeba gareSe saqmeTa ministrisa, rom mTav­
robas arc erTi nabiji ar gadaudgams, rom mas es SeTanxmeba daerR­
via, magram, meores mxriv, Tqven iciT imave moxsenebidan, rom ar aris
garkveuli arc erTi maTi moqmedeba, arc erTi maTi saqme, ar aris as­
rulebuli arc erTi maTi dapireba. rodesac Semodiodnen amier-ka­
vkasiaSi mokavSireni, ambobdnen: Cven SemovdivarT da gvaqvs mxolod
ori mizani. erTi is, rom damyardes wesrigi, meore is, rom ganvswmin­
doT amier-kavkasia. saqarTveloSi wesrigi arsebobs, maSasadame es
aRar aris saWiro. magram rac Seexeba osmaleTisa da germaniis agen­
tebs, isini Cven unda gavdevnoTo.
magram ras vxedavT SemdegSi? pirveladve baTomSi airCies mTav­
roba, romelsac araviTari kavSiri adgilobriv saqmeebTan da xalx­
Tan, adgilobriv interesebTan ar hqonda. amis Semdeg gaaCines kidev
axali mTavroba, samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiisa. baTomis mTavrobis
daarsebis dros, Cven ver movaswariT gafrTxileba. aq ki yarsis mTav­
robis dros, Cvenma mTavrobam gaafrTxila isini. CvenTvis yovlad
miuRebelia arseboba iseTi mTavrobisa, romelic ar warmoadgens
arc xalxs, arc teritorias, arc tradicias, arc arafers da Cvenda
samtrod aris mowyobili. miuxedavad amisa, es mTavroba mainc daars­
da. es xdeba im dros, rodesac saqarTvelos mTavrobas araviTari
saSualeba ara aqvs baTomSi ubralo depeSa gagzavnos, mokavSireTa
sardlobas ki samxreT dasavleTis mTavrobisTvis baTomSi telegra­
fi yovelTvis mzad aqvs da saSualebas aZlevs aTasgvari protestiT
mimarTon saqarTvelos.
TviT xsenebuli mTavrobis daarseba moxda Semdegi wesiT. me xelT
maqvs erTi kerZo korespondencia, romelic me miviRe yarsidan, sadac
Semdegi sweria: „Camovidnen Tu ara inglisis warmomadgenelni maT ga­
nacxades: ingliselebma CamoarTves osmaleTs baTomis da yarsis olqi
imitom, rom Seqmnan iq wesiereba da kanoniereba. da aq iqnebian, vidre
am olqebis beds sabolood ar gadaswyvets sazao konferencia. Sinaur
saqmeebis marTva-gamgeoba Cahbardeba adgilobriv mahmadianebs, xolo
TviTon ikisres umaRlesi gamgebloba da kantroli. ramdenime xnis
Semdeg maT molaparakeba gamarTes musulmanebTan da misces winadade­

403
ba daearsebiaT axali respublika, axalis mTavrobiT. es molaparakeba
damTavrda miT, rom mTavroba daarsda. rodesac maT mier daniSnul
deputatebisagan parlamentic Sesdga, inglisis warmomadgeneli mo­
dis parlamentis pirvel sxdomaze da mimarTavs Semdegi sityvebiT:
„b-bo, mogesalmebiT Tqven, xalxis arCeulno! (Tumca, aravis isini ar
aurCevia). me Camovedi TqvenSi mokavSire saxelmwifos _ inglisis,
safrangeTis da amerikisagan saxelmwifoebriobis da wesierebis Ses­
aqmnelad, mokavSireTa gamarjveba aris gamarjveba patara erebisa. me
ar Caverevi Tqvens Sinaur saqmeebSi, magram yovelis mxriv dagexmare­
biT da gamogesarClebiT. Cven saqmiT gavamarTlebT Cven dapirebas“.
es moxda TebervalSi. aprilis damlevs, igive generali ase elapa­
rakeba imave parlaments: „b-bo! neba-surviliT inglisis mTavrobisa
Tqven CagabareT Zala-ufleba da Tqven gevalebodaT am olqis marTva-­
gamgeoba im erTad-erTi mizniT, rom gemuSavnaT ingliselebisaTvis.
Tqven veraviTari unari ver gamoiCineT inglisis sargeblobisaTvis.
piriqiT, Tqven mavne iyaviT CvenTvis da imis magivrad, rom gagetare­
binaT cxovrebaSi ingliselebis ideebi, sxva orientaciisaken iwev­
diT. es yovlad miuRebelia. Tqveni „Sura“ (parlamentis saxelia) ga­
mocxadebulia daSlilad da amieridan mTeli Zala-ufleba gadadis
inglisis sardlobis xelSi, romelic gadascems am Zala-uflebas mas,
vinc daicavs inglisis interesebs“. ai amgvari iyo ukanaskneli sityva
inglisis warmomadgenelisa.
unda giTxraT, rom rodesac Cvenma mTavrobam amcno mokavSireebis
sardlobas xsenebuli saxelmwifos arseboba ar Seefereba arc saqa­
rTvelos, arc maT interesebs, vinaidan saTaveSi mas edga osmaleTis
jaris CamorCenili aficroba, polkovnikoba da sxvebi, es maSin ar
miiRes mxedvelobaSi da undodaT ueWvelad mTavroba Semdgariyo.
Tumca mokavSireTa sardlobas erTgvari vaWroba hqonda gamarTuli,
qarTvelebs gveubnebodnen: „yarsis mTavroba aRar varga, modiT gavhy­
oT: yarsi mivceT somxebs, artaani da focxovis raioni waiReT Tqven“.
rogorc me vici, Tu vcdebi, gareSe saqmeTa ministri amas gamisworebs,
TiTqmis yarssac sTavazobdnen saqarTvelos, magram es metad didi pa­
tiviscema iyo CvenTvis da amisTvis mTavrobam uarhyo. Semdeg amisa somx­
ebTan hqondaT molaparakeba. imdenad Sors wavidnen, rom dahpirdnen
somxebs: „moiyvaneT Tqveni administracia, Tqveni xalxi, ltolvilebi
da Tqven ltolvilebs SeuSvebT yarsis olqSio“. marTlac auarebeli
ltolvilebi moawydnen arpaCais napirs. iq dahyves sami kvira saSinel
yinvasa, qarbuqsa da ubedurebaSi. rogorc amboben (danamdvilebiT ki
ver mogaxsenebT) 40,000 ltolvili gawyda arpaCais napirze. dRes ki
maggvar mdgomareobaSi arian yarsis musulmanebi, rodesac iq somxe­
bi Sevidnen. ltolvilebi swydebian autanel pirobebSi, raic Sedegia
mokavSireTa politikiT Seqmnil wesis da rigisa...
korespondentis sityviT „Suris“ gareka moxda ase: „rodesac gen­
erlis ukanaskneli sityva gaTavda, ucbad mTeli parlamenti da quCebi

404
jarebiT gaivso da haeroplanebic ki dastrialebdnen qalaqs. mTeli
mTavroba daapatimres da Tavi ukres kunZul maltasaken, sadac maT
unda ifiqron da filosofiuri traqtatic dasweron im 14 punqtis
Sesaxeb, vilsonma rom gamoaqveyna da romelic cxovrebaSi gahyavT
adgilobriv generlebis meTodebiT.
msgavsi ambavi moxda naxiCevanSi. aq iyo mTavroba somxebisa da mu­
sulmanebisa, dRes ki Setakeba aris somexTa da musulmanTa Soris.
SuRli, romelic arsebobs musulmanTa da somxebis Soris, saocrad mZ­
vinvarebs da dRes mdgomareoba iseTia, rom mTelma naxiCevanis mxarem
uari ganucxada ingliss da mas ebrZvis iaraRiT xelSi.
ai, is meTodi, ra meTodiTac mokavSireTa sardlobas hsurs saqa­
rTveloSi daamyaros myudroeba, wesi da rigi, mospos erovnuli SuR­
li, romelsac Cvenda saubedurod didi safuZveli hqonda da romel­
sac asazrdoebda ukve gardacvalebuli ruseTis biurokratia. dRes
am Zvelma tradiciam axali sazrdo ipova.
yvelaferi es xdeba maSin, rodesac aqedan korespondentebi
„taimss“ awvdenen iseT cnobebs, gazeT „barbaSi“ rom iyo moyvanili. iq,
sadac naTqvamia, rom amier-kavkasiis respublikaTa Soris erovnuli
SuRlia gaCaRebuli da erTmaneTi ise sZulT, rom maT ar SeuZlianT
erTad cxovrebao. me vekiTxebi mokavSireTa sardlobas: Tu es maT
ician, Tu es maT swamT, rom aseTi SuRli marTlac arsebobs, _ gana
CvenTvis saWiro iyo aseTi wesebi, aseTi saSualeba, _ ra saSualebiTac
maT surdaT am SuRlis Cakvla Cven erebSi?
rasakvirvelia xsenebuli politikiT, romelsac mohyva zemoxsen­
ebuli ubedurebani amierkavkasiaSi, SuRli da uwesoeba ar moispoba.
amisTana mdgomareobaa Cvens garSemo. rogoria mdgomareoba TviT Cven
teritoriaze? ras amboben da ras sweren korespondentebi Cvens Sesax­
eb? „taimsis“ korespondenti swers, somex-qarTvelTa omis Sesaxeb, da
aseT cnobebs awvdis inglisis sazogadoebas: inglisi daexmara qarT­
velebs maSin, rodesac somxeTis jari sdevnida qarTvel jars, rode­
sac TbilisSi unda Semosuliyo somxis jario. aseTia „taimsis“ cnoba,
magram korespondents daviwyebia erTi istoriuli data aReniSna. es
data ki gviCvenebs rom es omi moxda swored maSin, rodesac amier-ka­
vkasiaSi Semovida antantis sardloba. ra kavSiria am or movlenaTa
Soris, _ es dRes ar minda aRvniSno, amas istoria aRniSnavs. magram ki
respondents, rodesac is awvdida aseT yalb cnobebs viTom omi Ses­
wyda maSin, rodesac somxebi Tbiliss moadgnen _ unda erTi simarTle
mainc eTqva da an ukve cnobili data aReniSna.
garda amisa Cven gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdegs garemoebas.
baqos da baTomis gazeTebSi xSirad SexvdebiT amnairs cnobebs: „saqa­
rTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem bevri iara tomsonTan, didi xani
ucada wina oTaxSi, magram man ar miiRo da mas dRes Tu xval Camoagde­
ben“ da sxva. aris cnobebi, romelic Cven mTavrobas Seexeba da mTavro­
ba uaryofs xolme am cnobebs, magram arc erTxel inglisis sardlobas

405
es cnobebi ar uaruyvia. adamiani, vinc etrfis da zrunavs wesiereba­
ze, Tavis patiosnebis movaleobad unda CasTvalos isic, rom rodesac
yalbi cnobebi vrceldeba presis saSualebiT _ es cnobebi uarhyos.
magram Cven jer-jerobiT samwuxarod aseTi saqcieli inglisis sard­
lobisagan ar gvinaxavs. piriqiT rodesac milma gaiara Tbilisze kon­
stantinopolisken, baTomis gazeT „naS kraiSi“ sweria... sjobia wavi­
kiTxo TviT gazeTi, aq dabeWdilia: „Cven gadmogvcemen avtoritetuli
wyaroebidan, romelnic axlo sdganan mokavSireTa samxedro wreebTan,
rom londonSi ukmayofiloni arian saqarTvelos mTavrobis moqmedeb­
iT da moskovTan kavSirs apireben, es gamoixata sxvaTa Soris imiTac,
rom milma amas winad ar miiRo Tbilisis mTavrobis arc erTi warmo­
madgeneli. ingliselebi apireben amier-kavkasiaSi mTeli Zala ufleba
TviT Caigdon xelSi“.
aseTi cnobebi moiTxoven uaryofas, radgan maT SeaqvT xalxSi
gaugebroba da arev-dareva, magram inglisis sardloba Cveulebisa­
mebr sdums.
Cven aq gvisayvedureben oficialurad: „artaani da focxovi dai­
kaveT, exla soWSi midixarT, Tqven amiT moqmedobT Cven sawinaaRmde­
god da imitom varT ukmayofilonio“ gazeTSi ki ukmayofileba ax­
snilia ase: „Cven ar miviReT isini, mitom rom kavSiri arsebobs maT da
moskovis Soriso“.
romelia marTali? is rasac Cven gvelaparakebian, Tu rasac
gazeTebs awvdian? gazeTSi dabeWdili, rom marTalia da maTi naTq­
vamia, amas Cven gvimtkicebs is, rom mokavSireebs igi ar uaruyviaT. ra­
sakvirvelia, Tu aseTi arev-dareva gamoiwvies, aseT meTodiT marTva
moisurves, saeWvoa amgvari moqmedebiT cxovrebis dawynareba da ka­
lapotSi Cayeneba. inglisis dRevandeli politika amier-kavkasiaSi
misgan Seqmnili istoriuli meTodia da am meTodis saukeTeso gam­
tarebelni rasakvirvelia TviT arian. unda mogaxsenoT, rom es meTo­
di SeiZleba kargi iyo omamde, magram am meTods amJamad gasavali ar
eqneba da miT amier-kavkasiaSi ver moipoveben im simpatiebs, romelze­
dac stiris „taimsis“ korespondenti, romlis mravalma siyalbem yve­
lani agvaRelva.
unda dabejiTebiT aRviaroT, rodesac ki Careulan ingliselebi
Cvens cxovrebaSi, yovelTvis arev-dareva gamouwveviaT. ai Tund aiReT
iseTi faqti, rogoric aris magaliTad, Smagailovis istoria. jer
rodesac procesi iyo Smagailovisa, sasamarTlos mouvida werili
sastumro „oriantis“ blankze dawerili, romelsac viRac polkovniki
awerda xels. igi swerda sasamarTlos, rom b. Smagailovi da kuCarian­
ci Cveni agentebi unda iyvneno da gTxovT nu gaasamarTlebTo. rasak­
virvelia sasamarTlom aseTi qaRaldi, aseTi sabuTi ar miiRo mxed­
velobaSi da araviTari yuradReba ar miaqcia. Semdeg amisa meored
mosweres sasamarTlos, sadac oficialuri warmomadgeneli mokav­
Sireebis sardlobisa ityobinebodnen, rom Smagailovi da kuCarianci,

406
rogorc TviTon gvarwmuneben, unda iyvnen Cveni agentebi da amitom
gTxovT gaanTavisufloT es xalxio. Tund inglisis agentis ganTavi­
sufleba misaRebi iyos, rogorc agentisa, yovel SemTxvevaSi aseTi
sabuTiT, aseTis aqtiT ganTavisufleba SeuZlebelia. maT undaT rom
CvenSi wesrigi daamyaron, maT hsurT, sasamarTlos hqondes sasamarT­
los saxe da amave dros aseT qaRaldebs gvidgenen da moiTxoven rom
ueWvelad isini ganTavisuflebulni iyvnen. amgvari dezorganizacia
SemoaqvT sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos saxels utexen, am saxelgatex­
ilma, dezorganizaciulma, daSlilma sasamarTlom Tu marTlac Sec­
domebi Caidina _ maSin amas danaSaulad CagviTvlian.
axla gavixsenoT is ubeduri incidenti, romelic moxda Cvens ter­
itoriaze. Cvenda samwuxarod, romelic ar unda momxdariyo. es iyo in­
glisel eqimis mokvla. isini Txouloben mkvlelebis daWeras, Camoxr­
Cobas. romel sasamarTlos eubnebian amas? im sasamarTlos, romelsac
elaparakebian ubralo nafxrew qaRaldiT da moiTxoven misgan ukanon­
obis dakanonebas? Cven viciT, rom kuCariancsa da Smagailovs jer 12
wlis katorRiT Seucvales sikvdiliT dasja, xolo Semdeg sruliad
gaanTavsuflebines da maT ukve dautovebiaT respublikis sazRvrebi.
nu Tu am gvari sasamarTloTi hsurT Sehqmnan saxelmwifo da moipovon
gavlena xalxSi? es SeiZleba velurebSi, es SeiZleba sadme aRmosav­
leTSi, sadac pirvelyofili kultura aris, magram saqarTveloSi, im
saqarTveloSi, sadac demokratia 25 weliwadi gaSmagebuli ebrZoda
ruseTis biurokratias da daamxo kidec _ amgvar movlenas adgili ar
eqneba sanam cocxalia saqarTvelos demokratia (xma: marTalia! taSi).
sxva mxareebi Cveni cxovrebisa aiReT. sul ar aris 5 Tve, rac Se­
mosulan ingliselebi, da Cveni fuli fuls aRar hgavs. da Tu aseTi
mdgomareoba, aseTi politika gagrZelda _ Cveni fuli woniT gasaR­
deba da ara raodenobiT. rodesac isini Semovidnen girvanqa Rirda
45, dRes ki orasamde aris asuli. Cveni emisia amave dros 100 milion­
iT gaizarda. rasakvirvelia Cven amaSi brals pirdapir ver davdebT
maT, magram me Cem Tavs nebas vaZlev vsTqva, rom Tu inglisis sard­
loba moisurvebs am movlenas ar eqneba adgili. dRes ki aseTi mdgo­
mareoba gagrZeldeba, sanam Cumi blokadaa. Cven viciT, rom im dros,
rodesac baTomSi auarebeli gemi Semodis, CvenSi, Cven navTsadgurSi
erTi gemic ar Semosula. amas abraleben xan denikins, xan sxvas; me ki
gulaxdilaT unda vaRiaro, rom araviTari brali denikins ar udevs.
sakmarisia xma amoiRos inglisis, an safrangeTis sardlobam, rom es
ara normaluri mdgomareoba moispos. exla ki ara Tu gems ar uSve­
ben CvenSi, araviTar sursaTs ar gvaZleven. Cvenma vaWrebma, kooper­
ativebma moisurves sazRvargared bazarTan kavSiris daWera, saz­
RvargareTidan modioda xalxi da gvTxovda, rom rame qseli gaebaT
aqaur vaWar-mrewvelebTan. bevric aqedan wavida am mizniT, magram
hkiTxeT Cven vaWrebs, Tu ra gaWirveba, ra ubedureba ganicades maT,
rodesac SemTxveviT moxvdnen iq.

407
Tqven iciT agredve ra daemarTa Cven delegacias konstantinopol­
Si, romelic iq 2 Tveze meti iyo da rom safrangeTis muSaTa klasi ar Ca­
reuliyo am saqmeSi, aqamde kaki wereTeli da CxeiZe isev konstantinop­
olSi iqnebodnen. maS rogoria maTi gezi, ra surT maT? maT viTom surT
cxovrebis mowyoba, „mSvidobianobis damyareba“. magram zemo naTqvami­
dan dainaxavdiT, gulwrfelad amis motrfialeni arian isini, Tu ara.
Tu marTla hsurT CvenTan kargi damokidebuloba hqondeT, ra saWiroa
aseTi yalbi cnobebis gavrceleba, reiteris saSualebiT, romlis Ses­
axeb aq gareSe saqmeTa ministrma Tqven mogaxsenaT. reiteri igive ofi­
ciozia, igive oficialuri saagentoa, msgavsi Zveli petrogradis de­
peSaTa saagentosi. Cven kargaT viciT, rom rac ruseTis mTavrobas ar
undoda, araferi gaepareboda am saagentos. miT umetes Tu inglisis
sardlobas ar surda siyalbis gavrceleba, misi Tavidan aSoreba ad­
vili iyo. reiteris saagentom gaavrcela cnoba, rom saqar­Tvelom das­
do xelSekruleba osmaleTTan da uRalata ruseTso. magram es cnoba
uaryofili iyo jer kidev Zveli ruseTis dros da TiTqmis ruseTis
biurokratia davajereT am cnobis siyalbeSi. dRes, rodesac inglisis
da safrangeTis sardloba modis, isev imas imeoreben, rac iq ukve TviT
Zvelma ruseTma uarhyo. ai am saSualebiT, rasakvirvelia, CvenSi verav­
iTar simpatias, veraviTar ndobas ver moipoveben.
aris kidev erTi ukanaskneli faqti, romlis gamo pirdapir gancv­
ifrebaSi modixarT. es aris batonebo, egredwodebuli proklamacia,
romelic ukve gaakres baTomsa, baqos da borCalos mazris neitral­
ur zonaSi, iq, sadac maT jaris organizacia hyavT; ai es proklamacia
me xelT maqvs. es aris dabeWdili baTomis gazeTis oficialur ganyo­
filebaSi: (kiTxulobs)...
„radganac inglisis jarma kavkasiis okupacia moaxdina
1) mokavSireTa da osmaleTis Soris dadebul sazavo pirobebis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad
da 2) sazavo kongresis dadgenilebamde teritorialur sakiTx­
ebis wesierad da kanonierad mosagvareblad
amisaTvis:
me, qvemore amisa xelis momweri, inglisis jarebis ufrosi, vacxa­
deb, rom mcxovrebTa movaleobaa sruliad mSvidobianad moiqcenen
da ramdenadac SesaZlebelia TavianT kerZo saqmeebs mohkidon xeli.
ramdenadac isini wesierad moiqcevian da inglisisa da mokavSireTa
winaaRmdeg mimarTul yovelgvar saqmeSi Tavs Seikaveben da ar gaer­
evian, imdenad ingliselTa sardlobac mas araviTar pasuxisgebaSi ar
miscems da imdenad isini safrTxes arsaidan ar unda elodnen. maTi
sakuTreba da Tavisufleba sruliad xel-uxlebeli darCeba. magram
Tu Tavis movaleobas gadauxvia, maSin samxedro drois aucilebloba
gvaiZulebs mivmarToT Zalian mZime sasjels. amisaTvis vacxadeb:
vinc mokavSireTa winaaRmdeg raimes moimoqmedebs, an daapirebs,
an mters raime saSualebiT daexmareba (an rkinis gzis gafuWebiT, an

408
xidebis afeTqebiT, samxedro sawyobebis dangreviT da an sxva gvarad)
miecema samxedro sasamarTlos, an sikvdiliT da an Sesafer sasjeliT,
daisjeba.
kavkasiaSi momqmed inglisis jarebis mTavar-sardali gen. g. milni“.
rogorc xedavT, es aris dawerili martSi, magram amis Sesax­
eb sakiTxi wamoayenes mxolod exla, aprilis damlevs. ra sweria aq?
TiTqmis imave dros, rodesac CvenTan sdebdnen xelSekrulebas, rom
Cvens Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caerevian es proklamacia dawerili yofi­
la. dameTanxmebiT, rom proklamaciaSi dadasturebulia mxolod da
mxolod erTi azri, rom Cvens Sinaur saqmeebSi Careva aucilebelia.
Cven gvaZlevdnen qaRalds, gvarwmunebdnen, rom Tqven Sinaur saqmeSi
ar CavereviTo, da amave dros aseT proklamacias amzadebdnen da igi
gamoacxades mxolod exla. ra hsurT maT? Tu undaT iseTi wesi daam­
yaron, rogoric iyo aw ukve gardacvalebul osmaleTSi, sadac yvela
saxelmwifos hqonda Tavisi ufleba, sxva da sxvanairi, es sxva saqmea.
pirdapir sTqvan, rom Cven gviyureben ise, rogorc Zvelad osmaleTs.
Tu surT, rom Tavis kanonebiT dasajon yovelive damnaSave _ es sxva
saqmea, magram unda gviTxran da Cven gvecodineba, rogori pasuxi unda
gavsceT. magram nu gveubnebian, rom Cven Sinaur saqmeSi ar Caerevian
da amave dros nu sweren proklamacias, gulSi nu atareben azrs, rom
Cven Sinaur saqmeSi Casarevad ganmzadebulni arian.
aseTi ormagia amaTi moqmedeba. magram maT hyavT Tavisi interpre­
tatorebi, magaliTad „taimsis“ korespondenti, romelic ambobs, rom
sazogadod mTel amier-kavkasiis respublikebs ar SeuZlianT saxel­
mwifo moawyon, veraviTari unari, veraviTari niWi ver gamoiCines
administratiul aparatis SeqmnaSi da ara aqvT saSualeba moawyon
cxovreba, ascdnen imas, rom erTi-meore ar SesWamon. Tu amaSi darw­
munebuli arian, maSin Cveni mdgomareoba sul sxvanairia. saqarTve­
lom Zvelad bevri ram naxa. saqarTvelo Cvenda saubedurod iyo gza,
sadac yoveli Zala, romelic moindomebda _ gaivlida. me mgonia, es
istoriuli tradicia meordeba. moZraobaSi aris mosuli mTeli
kacobrioba da TandaTanobiT modis da modis axal-axali Zala. Cven
ar viciT, romeli iqneba ukanaskneli Zala, da Cven ar varT darw­
munebuli, rom xval axal ZalasTan ar gveqneba saqme. me minda vsTqva
im ebraelis sityva, romelic gamigonia odesaSi. rodesac aleqsandre
me-3-e gardaicvala, ebraelma sTqva: „aleqsandre me-3-es hsurda, rom
Cven ar vyofiliyaviT odesaSi, magram aleqsandre me-3-e gardaicvala
_ Cven ki isev odesaSi davrCiTo“. me mgonia, yvela Zala, romelic aq
SemoiWreba da araviTar angariSs ar gagviwevs, romelic moisurvebs
gagvaTaxsiros, gagvakotros da politikurad gakotrebuli xalxi
xelSi Caigdos _ aseTi Zala aq ver ixeirebs. saqarTvelos demokratia
mas Sesaferis pasuxs gascems.
me aravis ar vemuqrebi. me Zalian kargad maqvs warmodgenili Cveni
demokratiis Zala. me ar vlaparakob im zomaze, romelsac mimarTaven

409
Cvens winaaRmdeg. magram es ki unda icodes yvelam, rom winaaRmdegoba
Cvenis mxriT ueWvelad iqneba.
dasasrul, erTi ram unda movTxovoT Cven mTavrobas: naklebi
meryeoba, meti sisastike Tavisuflebis dacvaSi. da am dros aramc Tu
is ricxviT susti fraqcia, romelsac me vekuTvni, aramed mTlad saqa­
rTvelo, mTeli saqarTvelos demokratia mxarSi amoudgeba yovelT­
vis amgvar gamosvlebSi. mTavrobas sruli imedi unda hqondes, rom
saqarTvelos demokratia, rogorc winad, ise dResac pasuxs gascems
yvela im moZalades, romlebsac aq undaT SemoiWran da Tavisi batono­
ba daamyaron Cveni Tavisuflebis nangrevebze (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs grigol
giorgaZes.

grigol giorgaZis sityva.


(s.-d.)

damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


mZime moments, mZime wuTs ganvicdiT, magram aseTi mZime wuTi, ase­
Ti mZime momenti saqarTvelos ara erTxel ganucdia; aseTi mZime mdgo­
mareobidan saqarTvelo gamosula ise, rogorc es Seefereba damou­
kidebel suverenul saxelmwifos.
moigoneT bolSevizmis talRebi, romelic saqarTvelos kedlebs
exeTqebodnen; moigoneT osmaleTis gaSiSvlebuli xmali, romelic
Cvens Tavze aRmarTuli iyo; moigoneT is gamourkveveli mdgomareo­
ba, rodesac germaniis jarma CvenSi Semosdga fexi da Cveni damok­
idebuleba germaniasTan unda Camoyalibebuliyo; moigoneT is momen­
ti, rodesac mokavSireTa jari Cven teritoriaze Semovida da Cven
im wuTSi mokavSiresTvis unda gveTqva erTgvari Cveni garkveuli
debulebani; moigoneT gareSe mtrebTan savalalo Setakebani, moi­
goneT dros razmebi Cvens teritoriaSi Semoseulni, osmaleTis agen­
tebi Cvens qveyanaSi SemoWrilni, denikinis amxedreba Cven damoukide­
blobis winaaRmdeg.
es yvela mZime da seriozuli momentebi iyo, magram aseTi mdgo­
mareobidan Cven gamarjvebulni gamovsulvarT. da es imitom, rom yve­
la am mZime pirobebSi yovelTvis Cven garkveuli xazi agviRia, xalx­
isTvis da maTTvis, visTanac Cven saqme gvqonia. yovelTvis garkveuli
debuleba wamogviyenebia da TviT xalxisTvis garkveuli lozungebi
migviwodebia. es garkveuloba wiTeli xaziT miT ufro aRibeWdeba,
rac mdgomareoba ufro da ufro rTuldeba. aseTi debuleba, garkveu­
li xazi, garkveuli devizi, romelic Cven xalxSi gadvisroleT,
devizi romelsac Cven am tribunidan vamcnebdiT da dResac vamcnobT
yvela qveynis Sromel massas, yvela ers, yvela saxelmwifos, es iyo Sem­
degi: rom 26 maisis aqti, aqti saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa, _ ar
aris marto qaRaldze dawerili aqti, aramed es aris faqti, romelic

410
aucileblad saWiroa Cveni ganviTarebisTvis da revoliuciis monapo­
varTa SenarCunebisTvis, _ ai es iyo Cveni umTavresi debuleba, es iyo
umTavresi xazi Cven mier aRebuli.
imave dros Cven aSkaraT da gadaWriT vambobdiT da dResac amas
vambobT, rom Cven gvsurs Rirseuli kavSiri yvela im kulturul
erebTan, visac aseTi kavSiri surs, kavSiri, romelic daicavs Cvens
interesebs da Seefardeba interesebs Cveni mokavSireebisas, kavSiri,
romelic Seefereba, rogorc Cven Rirsebas, ise sxva da sxva did saxel­
mwifoebis Rirsebas.
moqalaqeno, es debuleba, es garkveuli xazi dRes Cven kidev erTx­
el unda gavimevoroT da yovelive zomebi unda miviRoT, rom es lo­
zungebi cxovrebaSi gavataroT. _ marTlac, roca mokavSireTa jarma
Cven qveyanaSi fexi Semodga, Cven am movlenas dadebiTad SevxedeT da
Cven xalxSi am garemoebam gamoiwvia kmayofileba. ratom? mitom rom,
rogorc aq, damfuZnebeli krebis pirvel sxdomis gaxsnis dros, Cven­
ma uxucesma deputatma silibistro jiblaZem aRniSna, imitom rom in­
glisi _ es aris akvani Tavisuflebisa, safrangeTi _ es aris samSob­
lo revoliuciisa, amerika _ es aris demokratiis da wvrili erebis
damcveli da, rasakvirvelia, aseT saxelmwifoebrTan kavSirs Cveni
demokratias ar SeeZlo ar Sexvedroda dadebiTad.
amave dros Cven kargaT gvqonda warmodgenili, da dResac es
debuleba rCeba ZalaSi, rom yoveli kavSiri ama Tu im saxelmwifosTan
ar SeiZleba iyos agebuli marto erTgvar platoniur safuZvelze; am
kavSirs unda hqondes raime realuri interesebi.
Cven gvjeroda da dResac gvjera, imedi sruliad ar dagvikargavs,
rom mokavSireebs saqarTveloSi unda hqondeT da aqvT realuri in­
teresebi.
Cveni qveyana mdidari qveyana aris. sawarmoo Zalebi masSi sustad
aris ganviTarebuli, am Zalebs amuSaveba undaT, es amuSaveba unda
moxdes ise, rom adgilobriv sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebas Tavis mim­
dinareoba SerCes. ai Cven gvegona da dResac darwmunebuli varT, rom
saqarTvelo, sadac sawarmoo Zalebi unda ganviTardes, Cvens qveyana­
Si, romelic aris xidi indoeTTan da xidi aRmosavleT dasavleT So­
ris, _ ingliselebs da sxva mokavSireebs hqonda da dResac aqvT real­
uri interesebi.
Cven isic gvesmoda: rom ganxorcieldes da xorci Seisxas am real­
urma interesebma, rom maszed damyarebuli iqnes raime kavSiri mokav­
SireebTan, amisTvis saWiro aris es sawarmoo Zalebi Cayenebuli iqnes
iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom mas SeeZlos ganviTareba, amisTvis ki upirve­
les yovlisa saWiro iyo da aris saxelmwifoSi wesierebis damyareba,
SemoReba iseT pirobebis, rom es interesi uzrunvelyofili iyos. da
ai mTeli yuradReba qarTveli xalxisa, mTeli yuradReba saqarTvelos
mTavrobisa, mTeli misi Zal-Rone iyo miqceuli ai am sagnisadmi, rom
erTis mxriv daecva saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da meores ­mxriv mas

411
saqarTveloSi daemyarebina iseTi wesrigi, romelic saSualebas mis­
cemda qarTvel ers eTqva, rom mas saqarTveloSi aqvs realuri inter­
esebi, da am interesebze SesaZlebelia realur kavSiris Sekvra.
Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rom saqarTvelom Tavis arsebobis
dros ganicada usaSinlesi SemTxveva, yovel mxirdan. Tqven ver
daasaxelebT verc erT Tves, verc erT kviras, rodesac saqarTvelo
dasvenebuli scxovrobda da mTavrobas SeZleba hqonoda mTeli Ta­
visi yuradReba mieqcia Sinaur saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobisT­
vis. Cven omSi viyaviT gabmuli, daiRvara sisxli damoukideblobis
dacvisTvis. magram miuxedavad amisa dRes CvenSi Seqmnilia iseTi
pirobebi, rom dRes saqarTvelo aris iseTi erTeuli, romelic Tav­
Sesafaria yvela devnilisTvis. saqarTvelo, es ukve Semovida xmare­
baSi, erTad-erTi oazisia mTel Zvel ruseTis teritoriaze. dResac,
am omianobis dros, saqarTvelo ganmtkicebulia: sisxli, romelic
daiRvara damoukideblobisTvis, es ubralod daRvrili sisxli ar
aris. Cven viciT, rom omianobam sxva saxelmwifoni daangria da bevrs
dResac angrevs, magram aq aseTma mdgomareobam, brZolam damoukide­
blobisaTvis, Cveni damoukidebloba ganamtkica; sisxli, romelic
daRvrilia, safuZveli aris, romelzedac damoukidebloba bolom­
dis iqneba daculi.
moqalaqeno, Cven iZulebulni varT am kaTedridan, mokleT mainc,
aRvniSnoT is, vityvi pirdapir, insinuaciebi, romlebsac sazRvarga­
reTis presaSi Cveni mtrebi avrceleben: viTom saqarTvelo moklebu­
li aris yovelgvar unars arsebobisas, saxelmwifoebriv moqmedebi­
sas. mTel Tavis arsebobis dros 26 maisidan iyo yovelmxriv Semosevis
da brZolis xana, magram, imave dros, unda icodes yvelam da es kargad
ician imaT, vinc sweren am werilebs, romelnic moTavsebulni ari­
an sxva da sxva gazeTebSi, magram mas malaven, rom qarTvelma xalxma
SesZlo gaetarebina cxovrebaSi didi reformebi, rom saqarTvelom,
mxolod erTma saxelmwifoebrivma erTeulma SesZlo moewvia dam­
fuZnebeli kreba, saqarTvelom SesZlo gaetarebina cxovrebaSi didi
agraruli reforma, romelic man bolomdis unda miiyvanos; saqarT­
velom SesZlo daeyenebina muSaTa sakiTxi, da es sakiTxi ise gadaeWra,
rogorc es demokratias Sehferis. autanel pirobebSi, im blokadaSi,
romelsac saqarTvelo ganicdis, qarTvelma xalxma mainc hpova Zala,
rom CvenSi ar gameorebuliyo is eqscesebi, romlebsac Cven ruseTis
teritoriaze vxedavT. qarTvelma xalxma da misma mTavrobam SesZlo
am mZime pirobebSi moexdina likvidacia mTelgvar dawesebulebebisa
da im rus moxeleebs, romelnic CvenSi msaxurobden da romlis Sesaxeb
sazRvargareT gazeTebSi swerdnen, rom viTomc isini saqarTveloSi
idevnebian, 100 milion maneTamdis dasaxmareblad saqarTvelom Tavis
xazinidan gamoiRo. am mZime pirobebSi man Sehqmna SeiaraRebuli Zala,
romelic icavs saqarTvelos sazRvrebs, Tu ar miiRebT mxedveloba­
Si im muxanaTur Semosevas, romelic alag-alag Cvenma jarma da gvar­

412
diam ganicada; aseT Znel pirobebSi qarTvelma xalxma Sehqmna admin­
istratiuli aparati da sasamarTlo, sasamarTlo iseTi, romelsac
aqvs Tavisi miudgomeli azri, romelsac gamoaqvs Tavisi miudgomeli
msjavri da romelic, diax, ar emorCileba im winadadebas, romelic
sxva da sxva mxridan mas mosdis, rogorc aq aRniSna wina molaparake
oratorma. rasakvirvelia, am aparats, Seqmnils aseTs Znels pirobeb­
Si, moqalaqeno, Tan axlavs Tavisi naklulevanebani; Cven ar vfaravT,
rom yvela am aparats aqvs naklulovaneba, magram damisaxelon im va­
Jbatonebma, romelnic am werilebs aTavseben sazRvargareTis presa­
Si, daasaxelon eri, daasaxelon saxelmwifo, romelic aseT pirobebSi
qmnida Tavis saxelmwifos cxovrebas erTi xeliT, meore xelSi ki mas
xmali hqonda da Tavis damoukideblobas icavda. me darwmunebuli
var, rom aseT erTeuls, aseT Tavganwirul moRvaweobas, romelime
xalxisas isini ver daasaxeleben. Cven es SevZeliT da ai, moqalaqeno,
Cvenda savalalod, Cven dedaqalaSi mohkles inglisis eqimi. es ise­
Ti movlenaa, romelic erTgvarad aRelvebs, awuxebs da aRSfoTebas
iwvevs yvelaSi. Cven xalxSi ver naxavT Tqven verc muSas, verc ja­
riskacs, verc gvardiels, verc inteligents, verc sxva raime mdgo­
mareobis pirovnebas, rom es garemoeba aRSfoTebas ar iwvevdes masSi.
me SemTxveva mqonda provinciaSi vyofiliyavi da iq mdabio xalxTan
mqonda laparaki da ver warmoidgenT Tu rogori aRSfoTeba gamoi­
wvia am faqtma. da mere Tu ki TviT xalxi amgvar aRSfoTebiT egebeba
ai aseT, diaxac aRmaSfoTebel movlenebs, nu Tu am garemoebis mixed­
viT unda daisvas ZiriTadi kiTxva ama Tu im Cveni mdgomareobisa? mo­
qalaqeno! yvelaferi SesaZlebeli aris dRes. yvela dasaSvebi aris
da rodesac am garemoebas, am faqts, am samwuxaro movlenas Caukvir­
debiT, Zalauneburad ifiqrebT, rom Cven, garSemortymuli imdeni
mtrebiT, romelnic sazRvar gareTac ki muSaobs Cvens winaaRmdeg, Za­
launeburad ifiqrebT: xom ar aris aq rame iseTi, rac romelime bneli
ZalebiT gakeTebulia? xom ar aris aq iseTi ram, rac Cadenilia mitom,
rom viRamac xelzed daixvion da sabuTad gaixadon?
ai moqalaqeno, me am suraTze Cveni moRvaweobisa mtris Semosevaze
da, meores mxriv, Cven mTavrobis da qarTveli xalxis Sinaur moR­
vaweobaze da realur interesebze, romelic saqarTveloSi aqvs moka­
vSireebs mitom SevCerdi, rom davsva sakiTxi: visi interesi aris, rom
es siwynare, es wesiereba, es normaluri mimdinareoba Cveni cxovre­
bisa, _ vis surs SebRalos, arev-dareva Semoitanos, anarqiis morevSi
gadaisrolos mowyobili saqarTvelo?
vis surs, rom es TviTmmarTvelobebi da erobebi, romelnic ai
exla fexze dgebian, sadac Cvenma moRvaweebma TavianTi niWi da unari
unda gamoiCinon?
vis surs, rom aq anarqia gaCndes, gadadgas iseTi nabiji, romelic
didi gaugebrobas da, SeiZleba iTqvas, didi brZolas Cven xalxSi ga­
moiwvevs?

413
ara mgonia moqalaqeno, rom es iyos interesi mokavSireebisa. Cven
imedi unda viqonioT, rom mokavSireebs naTlad gaTvaliswinebuli
aqvT yvela es mdgomareoba, Tu ki mokavSireebis mizani is aris, rom
daicvas patara erebis interesebi, bolo mouRos yovel anarqias?
ra azriT da interesiT am mowyobil qveyanaSi, unda gaaCaRos
anarqia?
me mgonia, rom is gancxadeba, is proklamacia, rogorc mas eZax­
ian, romelic aq deputatma mdivanma waikiTxa, is darCeba marto iseT
formalur aqtaT, romelic gamokruli iqneba saqarTvelos terito­
riis gareSe, mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze mas adgili ar eqne­
ba (taSi).
me imeds gamovsTqvam imitom, rom gvjera, rom yvela amis Semdeg
mokavSireebi gaiTvaliswineben, _ aq moqmedoben bneli Zalebi, rom­
lebsac xSirad SecdomaSi SehyavT mokavSireebi. maT angariSi unda
gauwion Seqmnil mdgomareobas da imedi unda viqonioT, rom mokav­
Sireebi maSin, rodesac raRac bneli Zalebi alag-alag kuTxe-kuTxe
Cven muSebSi dadian da raRac bnel saSualebiT iq surdaT kidev
anarqiuli midrekileba gamoewviaT, am anarqias mxars ar dauWeren
da saqarTvelos anarqiaSi ar gadaisroleben. ai batonebo, is Sexed­
uleba, romliTac dRes unda xelmZRvanelobdes yvela is, vinc fexs Se­
modgams Cven qveyanaSi da visac surs, rom Cvens qveyanaSi iyos wesrigi,
SeiZleba mogvces is saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba, romelic dawyebuli
aris, Cven bolomdisin miviyvanoT. da ai am saxelmwifoebriv muSaobis
dros, aris erTi udidesi ufleba, romelic ekuTvnis yovel adamians,
yovel cxovels, mcenaresac es, _ aris ufleba TviTdacvisa, rodesac
Tavs dagvesxmian. sakiTxi gagris, sakiTxi artaanis da focxovis Ses­
axeb, es aris sakiTxi ai am gvari, _ aqvs Tu ara ufleba qarTvel xalxs,
saqarTvelos daicvas Tavi, rodesac mas Tavs esxmian? da Tu Cven gve­
tyvian, rom Cven amis ufleba ara gvaqvs, rom yvelas SeuZlian gagvTe­
los, fizikuraTac mogvspos, diax, magram, amas veravin ityvis; es iqneba
Selaxva uwmindesisa ara Tu erisa, ara Tu xalxisa, kerZo pirovnebisa,
da vityvi metsac, yovel cxovelisa.
da ai aiReT gagris sakiTxi, aiReT artaanis focxveris sakiTxi.
gagris da soWis olqi Cvenma jarma da Cvenma gvardiam gaswmindes jer
im elementebisagan, romelnic iq anarqias iwvevdnen, _ bolSevikebisa­
gan, romelnic iq iwvevdnen yovel gvar uwesoebas, mSromel xalxs erT
meoreze amxedrebdnen; Cven mosazRvre soWis olqSi anarqia ewyoboda,
romelsac SeeZlo Cveni kedlebi Semoengria. Cven es olqi gavswmindeT
da amis Semdeg Cvenma mTavrobam winadadeba misca mokavSireebs, rom
soWis olqi maT daekavebinaT, manam, sanam es sakiTxi sabolooT gadas­
wydeboda. magram mTavroba daarwmunes, rom ukeTesia jari iq darCes,
rom denikini soWis olqSi ar SemoiWreba. sruliad daimedebuli Cveni
aq darCenili razmi Semcirda, radgan brZolas ar moeloda da saubed­
urod, moxaliseebma moRalaturaT es razmebi gaanadgures, tyveT ig­

414
des, gadmolaxes kari Cveni qveynisa, _ gagris uReltexili, da mdinare
bzibas miadgnen. am gvarad moxaliseebi denikinis meTaurobiT Semoi­
Wrnen Cven sazRvrebSi.
mere ra vqeniT Cven?
CavidineT iseTi ram, rac ar icodnen mokavSireebma?
ara. Cvenma mTavrobam maT ganucxada, rom Cveni sasicocxlo inter­
esebi moiTxoven mas, rom Cven daviWiroT es xazi, romelic CvenTvis
aucileblad saWiroa strategiulis mxriv, romelic Cveni aris isto­
riis mxriv da romlis Sesaxeb afxazeTis erovnulma sabWom daadgina,
rom es xazi aris afxazeTis sazRvari, romelic Sedis saqarTvelo­
Si, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli. ai Turme imitom, rom Cven davi­
WireT es xazi, romelic Cven sasicocxlo interesebs Seadgens, imitom
rom Cven Tavs vicavdiT Semosevisagan, romelic denikinma daiwyo da
mdinare bzibamdis movida, ai imitom, rom es Cveni wminda ufleba Cven
ganvaxorcieleT, ufleba, romelic Cven gvekuTvnis da romelsac Tu
Cven uRalateT, maSin vRalatobT mTels xalxs, rodesac mTavrobam
es ufleba Tavisi ganaxorciela, amis Sesaxeb Cven mTavrobas sTxoven
ganmartebas. ras niSnavs es? ras niSnavs am nabijis gadadgma, gana Cven
marTalni ar viyaviT, da gana is mowodeba, romelic exla soWis olq­
Si gavrcelebulia, sadac marTla gamosWvivis is azri, rom sxva ere­
bi, romelnic soWis olqSi scxovroben, Caerion im damokidebulebaSi,
romelic erTis mxriv denikinis da meores mxriv qarTvelebis Soris
daibada. es niSnavs dadasturebas imisas, rom qarTveli mcxovrebni,
romelnic soWis olqSi scxovroben, denikins SeuZlia Tavisuflad
Jlitos da Seaviwrovos. gana aseT gancxadebis Semdeg Cven sruliad
marTali ar viyaviT, rodesac vambobdiT, rom Cveni sasicocxlo inter­
esebi moiTxoven daviWiroT is xazi, romelic aucileblad CvenTvis
saWiro aris, romelic dagvifaravs Sav da bnel reaqciis Semosevisa­
gan da romelic uzrunvelgvyofs Cven anarqiisagan? am SemTxvevaSi Cven
Tavdacvis principze vdgevarT. verc erTi mematiane Cveni cxovrebisa
ver moZebnis verc erT iseT faqts, rodesac Cven Tavs vesxmodeT vismes,
Cven mudam Tavs vicavdiT. denikinis Semosvla Cven sazRvrebSi, deni­
kinis mopyrobam gagris da soWis olqsi mcxovreblebisadmi _ ajanyeba
gamoiwvia moxaliseebis jarebis winaaRmdeg. am ajanyebas saqarTvelos
abraleben, magram raki Cven faqti gvaqvs imisa, rom denikini saSinlad
aviwroebda, saSinlad Jletda, musrs avlebda mcxovreblebs, mcxovre­
blebi gagris da soWis olqisa maTi moqmedebiT moTminebidan gamosul­
ni, moxaliseTa winaaRmdeg iaraRiT xelSi gamovidnen. es sakmarisi
sabuTi aris imisTvis, rom yoveli gaugebroba, am SemTxvevaSi, gafan­
tuli iyos. Cven garkveulad vambobT imas, rac gvsurs da ugulwrfe­
lobasac Cven veravin dagvwamebs. Cven sruliad darwmunebulni varT,
rom is ganmarteba gagris sakiTxis Sesaxeb, romelic mTavrobam mokav­
Sireebs miawoda, amoswuravs am sakiTxs da am mxriv araviTar gaugebar
nabijis gadadgmas mokavSireebis mxriv ar eqneba adgili.

415
Cven imeds ar vkargavT imitom, rom unda mokavSireebma Seignon
Cveni mdgomareoba, Seignon rom Cven vawarmoebT Tavdacvas, da aravis
Tavs ar vesxmodiT. gana aseTive ar aris artaanis da focxveris mdgo­
mareoba?
Cven SevediT axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazraSi, romelnic savse­
biT ganadgurebulni iyvnen osmaleTis jarebisagan. Cven daviwyeT iq
saxelmwifoebrivi muSaoba da rodesac damfuZnebel krebis arCevne­
bi karze gvadga, osmaleTis agentebma, im yarsis mTavrobam romelic
suldgmulobda osmaleTis direqtivebiT, iq saSineli ajanyeba dagvi­
wyo. Cven iZulebulni viyaviT muxanaTur Tavdasxmisagan, romelic iq
osmaleTis agentebma moawyes, Tavi dagvecva da Cven es umTavresi ufle­
ba ganvaxorcieleT, es mazrebi Cven gavwmindeT, magram focxverSi Cven
mitom gadavediT, da TviT mokavSireTa mTavrobam, kerZoT inglisma am
SemTxvevaSi Cven dasturi focxverSi gadasvlisa dagvrTo, rom iq iyo
bude imaTi visac uwesoeba, anarqia, ajanyeba cxovrebaSi Semohqonda.
„xanioris perevali“ Cvenma jarma imitom gadaiara didi simZimiT, rom
is sdevnida mters, romelsac anarqia cxovrebaSi Semohqonda, da ar­
dagani mitom davikaveT, rom samudamod mogvekla bude anarqiisa da
osmaleTis agentebisa, romelic iqidan Cvens winaaRmdeg moqmedebd­
nen. yvela es moxda ara farulad, rogorc es zogierTs sCvevia, aramed
aSkarad, _ es icoda mokavSirem, es icoda inglisis sardlobam.
maS raSia saqme?
gana ar SegveZlo, rom is adgilebi, romelic Cveni arsebobisT­
vis sasicocxlo arian, Cven dagvekavebia da Tavdasxma kvlav Tavidan
agvecilebina? gana ar gvekuTvnis es? ras ambobdnen maSin isini, vinc
dRes aseT winadadebas iZlevian maSin, rodesac Cven axalcixe, axalqa­
laqi davkargeT, rodesac Cven awyuridan wamovediT? ras ambobdnen
maSin? ratom aseTi winadadebiT ar mimarTes im yarsis mTavrobas, ro­
melsac maSin scnobdnen?
maSin isini gaCumebulni iyvnen, mxolod dRes, rodesac Cven Tav­
dacvis farglebidan ar gamovsulvarT, isini mogvmarTaven, rom Cven
artaani, focxovis sazRvrebi da midamoebi davtovoT. moqalaqeno, ra
aris arsebiTad, bolos da bolos artaan-focxovis sakiTxi?
es aris is, rom Cven mezoblad mdebare strategiuli adgilebi da­
kavebuli hqondes osmaleTs da mis agentebs. da gana es dasaSvebi aris
mokavSireebisTvis? moiTxovs maTi interesebi, rom es mniSvnelovani
adgilebi strategiul mxriv, iyos osmaleTis da osmaleTis agentebis
xelSi?
gana es niSnavs CvenSi wesierebis damyarebas?
gana es niSnavs xelSekrulebas Tavdacvis uflebisas?
rasakvirvelia ara, moqlaqeno!
me sruli imedi maqvs, rom am SemTxvevaSiac mokavSireni gamosZeb­
nian Cven mTavrobasTan erTad, gamosZebnian iseT saSualebas, rom aq
daculi iqnes Cveni sasicocxlo interesebi. Cven ver warmogvidgenia,

416
rom mokavSireebma am adgilebSi gaabatonon osmaleTi, an osmaleTis
romelime marjvena xeli, _ es dauSvebeli aris!
yovelgvar saerTaSoriso tribunalis winaSe Cven SegviZlia gad­
aWriT vsTqvaT, rom mTeli Cveni arsebobis dros, Cven ar gadagvidgams
arc erTi nabiji, romliTac Cven gveRalatnos ai am principisTvis,
Tavdacvis principisTvis. moigoneT, romelic gnebavT Semoseva Cvens
qveyanaSi, moigoneT Cvens winaaRmdeg gamolaSqreba, rodesac amow­
uruli iyo yvela saSualebani da rodesac Cven Tavs gvesxmodnen, mx­
olod maSin xmali aviReT da Tavi davicaviT. da Tu gadaidga nabiji
mokavSireTa mxriv, an romelime Zalis mxriv, romelic SebRalavs Cvens
damoukideblobas, SebRalavs Cvens suverenobas, Cven am princips sab­
olood ganvaxorcielebT. Cven verc maSin, rodesac romelime Zala
an garedan, an Signidan dagvecema, Cven am princips ver uRalatebT.
da araviTar SemTxvevaSi, rogorc ar unda iyos nabiji gadadgmuli,
visganac ar unda iyos, Cven ufleba gvaqvs yovelTvis Tavi davicvaT.
qarTveli xalxi, umTavresad saqarTvelos demokratia, gaigebs so­
cial-demokratiis fraqciis sulis kveTebas, gaigebs, rom is mudam
da dResac Tu ki romelime nabiji iqneba gadadgmuli demokratiis da
Cveni suverenobis winaaRmdeg, Cven Tavs davicavT, da am Tavis dacvis
saqmeSi me darwmunebuli var, rom CvenTan iqneba mTeli qarTveli
demokratia, CvenTan iqneba mTeli qarTveli xalxi, ganurCevlad md­
gomareobisa, ganurCevlad mimarTulebisa. da arasodes, moqalaqeno,
Cveni mTavroba ise ar saWiroebda srul Cven ndobas Tavis moqalaqe­
obisa, rogorc dRevandel pirobebSi. am kaTedridan gadaWriT unda
iTqvas, da gadaWriT miemarTos qarTvel ers, qarTvel demokratias,
miemarTos yvela mas, visTvisac Zvirfasi aris revoliuciis monapo­
varTa SenarCuneba: Tu Cveni yvela imedebi gacruvdeba, damfuZnebeli
kreba, masTan erTad misi mTavroba da demokratia Tavdacvas awar­
moebs saqarTvelos damoukideblobis da revoliucionur monapovar­
Ta dasacavaT (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis sp. kedias.

spiridon kedias sityva.


(er.-dem.)

batonebo! Tqven moismineT mTavrobis sityva, moismineT sxva da


sxva fraqciebis oratorebis sityvebic. yvela am sityvebidan dain­
axavdiT, rom dRevandeli mdgomareoba Cveni qveynisa gansakuTrebiT
mwvave aris da, SeiZleba, xifaTiTac savse. swored bunebrivad aris
damfuZnebel krebis da mTeli qarTvel xalxis azri da goneba am gare­
moebiT moculi da Cafiqrebuli. es momenti ucbad da erTbaSad ar
CamoSvebula zecidan, igi xangrZlivad ikvanZeboda erTis mxriv Cveni
mTavrobis politikis mimarTulebiT, da meores mxriv, saerTaSoriso

417
mimdinareobiT. am or Zalis Sewyoba Tu Seuwyobloba, bolos hqmnis
Cveni qveynis mdgomareobas. amitomac, Tu Cven gvsurs mdgomareobis
Segneba, mdgomareobis gageba da samermisod swori gzis aReba, rom
dRevandeli viTareba kvlav ar ganmeordes, Cven gvmarTebs, gareSe
revoliuciur frazebisa, da met SemTxvevaSi, ara saWiro muqarisa,
_ ufro Cafiqrebuli da swori analizi Sinaur da garemomcvel mov­
lenebisa. me vfiqrob, miudgomeli analizi Cveni mdgomareobisa, Cveni
sakuTari Zalisa, Cveni sakuTari politikisa erTis mxirv, da meores
mxriT gageba im xalxTa da saxelmwifoTa namdvili suliskveTebisa
da politikisa, romlebic dRes TiTqmis mTel qveynierebas ganageben,
mogvcemda imis Segnebas, Tu ras unda vSvrebodeT da ras ara. da es
ori mxare Cveni dRevandeli momentis Semqmneli, ar aris Tqven mier
wesierad awonili. damoukideblobas dacva rom unda, es udavo aris
yvela qarTvelisaTvis da aq, am tribunidan saamiso deklaracia arc
aris saWiro. veravin ver amoSlis samSoblos im Rrma gancdasa da
Segnebas, romelic Cvens arsebaSia CanivTebuli. magram, damoukide­
blobis dacvas unda Sexamebuli meTodi; saqarTvelo ganmartovebul
kunZulzed ar aris, rom angariSi aravis gauwios. saqarTvelos mdgo­
mareoba, dRes ukve es cxadi unda iyos CvenTvis, im Zalebis Seferxebi­
sgan warmosdgeba, romelnic did saxelwifoebis cxovrebas ganageben.
da radgan es asea, nu Tu batonebo, Cven ar gvmarTebs gaviTvaliswinoT
da gavigoT swored, Tu ra Zalebia es Zalebi da romel saxelmwifozea
damokidebuli Cveni mdgomareobis saboloo gadawyveta da is, Tu
ranairi social-politikuri motivebi axasiaTebs dRes am saxelmwi­
foebs. Cven gvgonia, rom amis swored gageba, metad aucilebelia da
Cven unda gavigoT kidec. saqarTvelo warmoiSva, viciT ra pirobebSi,
_ revoliucia da omi iyo mSobeli Cveni damoukideblobisa. da dRi­
dan am revoliuciisa evropa da amerika or did banakad daiyo. erTis
mxriv, revoliucia misi meTodiT _ ngrevisa da ganadgurebis, xolo
meores mxriv, Zvel wesierebis gardamqmneli Zala, romelic evoli­
uciurad scdilobs gaaumjobesos, ganaviTaros, rogorc ekonomi­
urad, ise politikurad, qveynis mdgomareoba. esaa ori sxva da sxva
msoflmxedveloba, ori sruliad sxva da sxva qveyana. es ori Zala, es
ori mimdinareoba erTi-meores exeTqeba da am SemTxvevaSi saqarTve­
lom unda sabolood gamoarkvios, Tu visi mxare uWiravs da visi sim­
patiebi aqvs. saqarTvelos Tavis sakuTaris ZaliT, romelic ar hyavda
da jerac ara hyavs mowyobili, ar SeuZlian martod-marto am or tri­
alSi TviTganmtkiceba. mas esaWiroeba megobris xeli da TanagrZnoba
im did saxelmwifoTa, romelnic dRes movlenebs sardloben. aseTebi
gvyvanan kidec. es antantis saxelmwifoebia da nu Tu aseT SemTxveva­
Si, ar unda vscdilobdeT gavigoT megobari da samegobro xalxebisa
da saxelmwifoebis suliskveTeba, rom SesaZlebeli iyos namdvili ka­
vSiris damyareba Cvens Soris? amaT garda, Tu ara bolSevikuri uwe­
soeba, sxva gza da sxva arCevani CvenTvis ar arsebobs. da amitomac Cve­

418
ni Sinagani politika, mTeli Cveni saerTo erovnuli politika, unda
iyos SeTanxmebuli im mTavar ZiriTad politikasTan, romlis, rogorc
RerZis garSemo, trialeben gamarjvebuli saxelmwifoebi; _ an saqarT­
velo TviT unda iyos Zalian Zlieri Tavis SeiaraRebuli ZalebiT, rom
Tavic daicvas da Tavisi revoliuciuri politika sxva saxelmwifoeb­
sac miaRebinos, an da, radgan aseTi masStabiT Zala saqarTvelos ara
aqvs, xolo meores mxriT, mas gamarjvebuli saxelmwifos TanagrZno­
ba da daxmareba esaWiroeba, _ saqarTvelom Tavis Sinaur politikas
unda misces zomieri liberaluri xasiaTi, rogorc evropa-amerikis
demokratiul qveynebSia da gadaWriT ukuagdos bolSevikur revoli­
uciis qaosSi gaxveuli ruseTis principi da meTodi.
Sinaur politikaSi yvela ZalTa SemaerTebeli kompromisi, yvela
cocxal erovnul ZalTa harmoniis Seqmna da saRi ekonomiuri reforme­
bis warmoeba uZarcva-glejod, ai ra gagvamtkicebda Sin da gareT.
sagareo politika, romelic amgvari Sinauri politikis emana­
cia iqneboda, Tavis bunebiT Seewyoboda did saxelmwifoebis saerTo
xazs da sruliad misaRebi iqneboda im erebisaTvis, romelnic saqarT­
veloSi Semodian. xolo Cven iseTi gezi aviReT, rom rac win mivdi­
varT, Cvensa da maT Soris winaaRmdegobas vaRrmavebT. me vfiqrob,
rom swored es Seqmnili gansxvavebaa is mizezi, romelmac mravaljer
Segviqmna dRevandelis mzgavsi kritikuli momenti da romelic moma­
valSiac kidev bevrjel Segviqmnis.
diax, batonebo! ZiriTadi mizezi am kritikuli momentebisa mdgo­
mareobs imaSi, rom im Zalebs, romelnic dRes batonebi arian, alRo
ver avarTviT da angariSs ar uwevT. ar uwevT angariSs maT motivebs,
maT moqmedebas, maT politikas.
maS, exla ra unda vakeToT?
miucilebeli saWiroeba aris Cveni politikis gadaxedva da misi
imgvarad wayvana, rom ar iyos arc principiuli konfliqtebi da arc
meTodiuri konfliqtebi, Cvensa da im saxelmwifoTa Soris, romel­
nic, vimeoreb, mdgomareobis es aris erTad-erTi swori xazi da er­
Tad-erTi Semomqmedi politika saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisTvis. sxva
gamosasvleli Cven ara gvaqvs. vnaxoT daijerebs amas mTavroba Tu
ara? batonebi arian.
exla sagans konkretiulad SevexoT da vnaxoT mokavSireTa moq­
medeba TviT saqarTveloSi.
saqarTveloSi Semosulma mokavSirem, rom qarTveli xalxis
erovnuli uflebis Segneba da suverenoba Selaxa, es cxadia; Selaxa ara
deklaratiulad, ara sityvierad, piriqiT, sityvierad da deklara­
tiulad igi acxadebs princips, rom saqarTvelos damoukidebloba
xeluxlebelia. magram faqtiurad, mTel rig moqmedebiT Cveni teri­
toriis farglebSi, mokavSireTa warmomadgenlobam mogvca auarebe­
li sabuTi, rom is ar scems Tavis sityvas pativs da stexs mas Zalian
xSiradac. Tqven aq ukve moismineT wina oratorebisagan faqtebi, amas

419
rom metyveloben. mokavSireTa pirveli Semosvla saqarTveloSi imiT
aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelo iZulebuli gaxda xeli moewera iseT xe­
Sekrulebazed somxebTan, omis damTavrebisas, romelic miuRebelia
Cven saxelmwifoebriv interesebisTvis. es faqti, romelic moxda ma­
Sin inglisis CareviT da ZaldatanebiT, _ rasakvirvelia saqarTve­
los mTlianobisa da mis suverenobis Semkveceli faqtia. meore faqti,
romelic aq dasaxelebuli iyo, Smagailovisa da kompaniis, _ agreTve
imas gvimtkicebs, rom Semosuli inglisis warmomadgenloba pativs ar
scems damoukidebel qveyanas da mis sasamarTlos. kidev meti. am pro­
cesidan da nabijebidan, romlebic am procesSi inglisis oficialur­
ma pirma gadadga, mtkicdeba, rom inglisi monawile iyo am Zegvis xidis
afeTqebaSi. inglisis oficialuri piri saqarTveloSi acxadebs: vinc
Zegvis xidis afeTqeba moawyo, Cveni agentebi ariano! Semdeg, amave ri­
gis faqtia artaanis faqti.
inglisis misiis TanxmobiT da nebarTviT SevediT artaanSi, auare­
beli msxverpli gaviReT, da dRes igive misia gveubneba _ es mxare unda
dastovoTo. aq aris sxvisi msxverplis abuCad agdeba, sxvisi interesi­
sa da Tavmoyvareobis gaTelva. amas mourideblad sCadis inglisis mis­
ia. iseTive aris moTxovnileba ingliselebis Sesaxeb im mkvlelobisa,
romelic aq ukve dagvisaxeles.
ai faqtebi, ai ingliselebis moqmedebani, romelnic Cvens suv­
erenobas exebian.
Cvenis mxriT dauSaveT rame? SeulaxeT, an Tavmoyvareoba, an
Rirseba? araviTari amis mgzavsi ar momxdara. inglisis winaaRmdeg
ar mogvimoqmedebia iseTi ram, raica Semlaxveli yofiliyos misi Tav­
moyvareobisa. aseTi pirobebSi, sruliad inglisis missiis nabijebi da
moqmedebani kanonierad ajanyebs da amxedrebs mTel qarTvel xalxs.
nametur mZimea qarTveli kacisTvis teritoriis sferoSi misi kanon­
ieri uflebis Sekveca. saqarTvelos teritoria, es gansakuTrebuli
raRacaa qarTveli kacisTvis. me ar meguleba meore tomis adamiani,
romelsac Tavis miwa-wyali iseT simtkiciT da siZlieriT uyvardes,
rogorc es qarTvels uyvars. es movlena da garemoeba SemTxveviTi ar
aris. Cven ar vcxovrobT okeaneTa garSemortymiT dacul kunZulze.
Cveni samSoblo gza da xidi iyo da aris or did qveyanas Soris.
am xidze swarmoebda mudmivi Sexla-Semoxla sxva da sxva xalxs Soris.
Cvens qveyanaSi kenWi ar aris, romelic aTasjer ar gadatrial-gad­
motrialebuliyos da ise ar epovos Tvisi exlandeli ekilibri.
saukuneTa brZoliT da muSaobiT aris Cveni qveynis teritoria da
sazRvari dadgenili da rodesac uceb Semosuli Cvens teritorias
ese advilad moepyroba da CvenTvis gaugebaris xalvaTobiT mas aqeT-
iqiT gaboZebas dauwyebs, _ cxadia, qarTveli xalxi mRelvarebasa da
ajanyebaSi mova.
aseTia es faqtiuri mxare, romelic sabuTs gvaZlevs vifiqroT,
rom aq mosuli inglisis warmomadgenloba mainc da mainc Cven mego­

420
brulad ar gvepyroba, da iqceva ise, rogorc es ar SeSvenis viTomda
wesierebis dasacavad mosul saxelmwifos.
minda kidev erT rameze migiTiToT. Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT,
batonebo, rom Cven dResac omi gvaqvs CrdiloeTSi denikinTan. Cven­
Tan erTad mTeli mTac omobs denikinTan, denikini Tavis ZalebiT
ilaSqrebs saqarTvelosa da mTielTa da sxva amier-kavkasiis damou­
kidebel respublikebis winaaRmdeg. amave dros warmomadgenloba
amier-kavkasiis erT-erT saxelmwifodan general denikins Teqvsmet
vagons ugzavnis sxva da sxva amunicias: Tofs, zarbazans da sxvas. xom
SeiZleba generalma denikinma Cvenive Tof-zarbazniT Cvenve gagva­
nadguros! mas SeuZlian es zarbaznebi Cven dagviSinos, ise rogorc
bolSevikebsac. mxolod droisa da saWiroebis sakiTxia es misTvis.
inglisis misiis aseTi moqmedeba bunebrivad badebs CvenSi eWvs da
gaugebrobas. aq aSkarad winaaRmdegobaa inglisis sityvis da saqmes
Soris. aseTi orWofuli mdgomareobaa. mTel Tveebis ganmavlobaSi,
mas aqeT, rac ingliselebi saqarTveloSi Camovidnen; Cven ver movax­
erxeT, rom inglisis politika sinaTleze gamotaniliyo, saTanado
diplomatiuri xazi da gezi ver aviReT, esec _ minusia Cvenis diplo­
matiis xerxianobis.
exla vikiTxoT, nu Tu marTla Sexla-Semoxlisa da konfliqtis
meti saerTo da saTanaxmo araferia Cvensa da inglisis Soris?
Cvenis rwmeniT, Cveni interesebi ZiriTad rameSi erTmaneTs urig­
debian. amier-kavkasia da misi politikuri da topografiuli guli
_ saqarTvelo placdarmia indoeTisken misaSver zarbaznebisaTvis. es
placdarmi didi muqara iyo ruseTis xelSi inglisis batonobis wi­
naaRmdeg. es placdarmi ruseTs xelidan gauvarda. rogorc Cven varT
dainteresebuli Cvens damoukideblobaSi ise inglisic dainterese­
buli unda iyos, es placdarmi darCes Tavisufali, damoukidebeli da
misTvis uvnebeli.
am mxriv, saqarTvelo-inglisis erTnairi dakavSireba, saerTo
miznebis Sesawyobad, modus Vivendi-is gamosanaxavad, orive qveynis Zir­
iTadi interesebis brZanebaa.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom am modus Vivendi-s gamoZebnaSi unda gamoiTqvas
dRes Cven mTavrobisa da damfuZnebel krebis politika. magram am Se­
Tanxmebas da dakavSirebas, vimeoreb, erTi miucilebeli piroba unda
edvas saZirkvlad: saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. am pirobiT saqarT­
velo-inglisis Soris saerTo enis gamoZebna, da saerTo miznebis Sexam­
eba, saerTo muSaobisa da saqmianobisTvis, SesaZlebelia da misaRwevi.
_ ai ra aris dRes gasakeTebeli, da ra mxriv unda iyos mimarTuli Cveni
politika. Cven darwmunebuli varT imaSi, rom is saerTo ena erT dRes
gamoiZebneba. manamde ki Cven gvmarTebs dinji, auCqarebeli muSaoba,
da movlenebis swori Sefaseba. rac Seexeba im garemoebas, rom vini­
cobaa, miuxedavaT yovelgvar molodinis, Cven damoukideblobas xeli
Seaxes, da mas, rac qarTvels xalxs uZvirfases samkaulad da ganZad mi­

421
aCnia, xeli wamoavles, _ maSin Rirseba da Tavisufleba unda davicvaT
da aq kilos auwevlad unda daidvas patiosani sityva moqalaqisa, rom
am gvar wuTs Rirseulad SevxvdebiT.
magram es aris ukiduresi saSualeba da zoma, romlis Sedegebi Zne­
lad gasaTvaliswinebelia da amitom, vidre es ukiduresoba naxmari
iqnebodes, unda amowuruli iyos yvela meTodi da RonisZieba saerTo
enis gamoZebnis da saerTo ZiriTadi interesebis misagnebad.
dRevandeli mdgomareoba gvikarnaxebs, rom gezi gamarjvebul
mokavSireTa saerTo politikas SeuxamoT. Cveni politika, Cveni
saxelmwifoebrivi aRmSenebelobis programa, Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi
mimarTuleba unda iyos principiulad misaRebi, rom maTTan mudmiv
principiul konfliqtSi ar vimyofebodeT. vimeoreb, Tu Zveli gza
da politika ganvagrZeT, Cven verc am moments ganvliT samSvidoT da
Tu es ganvleT, ufro rTulsa da sabedisweros wavawydebiT. davag­
doT gza meryeobis da qanaobis, davtovoT meTodi bolSevikur revo­
lucionarizmTan „Saikobisa“ da amis nacvlaT aviRoT gza, mtkice da
gancdili gza reformuli, mSvidobiani ganviTarebisa da saRi evolu­
ciuri demokratiisa. am gziT ufro imedianaT mivitanT Cveni qveynis
saboloo simtkices.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.

ivane gobeCias sityva.

moqalaqeno! Cven Tavs ver movityuilebT im iluziebiT, romlebic


akmayofilebs Cveni sazogadoebis zogierT wreebs. Cvenis azriT, Seu­
Zlebelia, rom moxdes SeTanxmeba iseT mowinaaRmdege banakTa Soris,
rogoric aris imperialisturi qveynis sardloba da saqarTvelos so­
cial-demokratiuli mTavroba. Cven Tavidanve unda gvcodnoda, rom
inglisis sardlobis politika CvenSi iqneboda orWofuli, rom in­
glisis sardloba Tavis dapirebebs ar Seasrulebda.
Cven Tavidanve unda gvcodnoda, rom inglisis sardlobis guls
saqarTvelos socialistebi ver moigebdnen da masTan keTilganwyo­
bilebas ver daamyarebdnen.
saubeduroT, Cvens mTavrobas es mxolod exla Seugnia. is mxolod
dRes acxadebs, rom Cvens da inglisis sardlobis Soris ar arsebobs
keTili ganwyobileba da amis mizezi Turme yofila is, rom Cvenma
jarma daikava focxovis raioni, artaanis da gagris olqi, da qalaq
TbilisSi borot-gamzraxvelebma mokles erTi ingliseli eqimi.
rogorc mTavrobis moxsenebidan sCans, inglisis sardlobasTan
Cvens mTavrobas winaswari molaparakeba hqonia focxovis raionis da
artaanis olqis Sesaxeb da ingliselebs Tanxmoba ganucxadebiaT, rom
Cvens jarebs daekavebia es adgilebi. exla, rodesac inglisis sardlo­
bis TanxmobiT da locva-kurTxeviT Cvenma jarebma marTlac daikava

422
focxovi da artaani, igive inglisis sardloba ukmayofiloa am mov­
leniT. maSasadame, inglisis sardlobam jer waaqeza Cveni mTavroba,
rom mas artaani da focxovi daekavebia, exla-ki ukmayofiloa am ad­
gilebis Cven mier dakavebiT.
ra saxeli unda vuwodoT inglisis sardlobis aseT saqciels?
me mgonia, rom amas ewodeba provokacia.
exla gavigoT, ra moxda gagris olqSi da ratom aris inglisis
sardloba ukmayofilo Cveni jaris mier gagris olqis dakavebiT.
rodesac pirvelad daisva sakiTxi soWis olqis dacvis Sesaxeb, rode­
sac Cvenma mTavrobam ganacxada, rom mas mxolod droebiT ukavia soW­
is olqi TviT soWis olqis mcxovrebTa TxovniT da rom saqarTvelos
mTavrobas ara aqvs survili samudamoT dairCinos es olqi, inglisis
sardlobam maSin ganucxada Cvens mTavrobas, rom saqarTvelos jarebi
unda darCnen soWis olqSi manam, sanam sadao olqebis sakiTxi ar gadas­
wydeba parizis konferenciaze. ase rom soWis olqi eWira Cvens jars
ingliselebis TanxmobiTac. Semdeg ra moxda? moxda is, rom Cven jar­
ebs veragulaT Tavs daesxa denikinis jari, _ soWis olqi Cvenebs daa­
clevina da gagris olqSi SemoiWra. rogorc mogexsenebaT inglisis
sardloba maSin ar iyo kmayofili gagraSi denikinis jaris SemoWriT
da Cvens mTavrobas ganucxada, rom is yovel zomas miiRebs, rom gagris
olqi denikins daaclevinos da saqarTvelos Caabaros.
exla ra moxda iseTi, rac inglisis sardlobis survilebs ewi­
naaRmdegebodes? marTalia, Cvenma jarma gagris olqi daikava, magram
es xom wineT inglisis sardlobam TviT dapirda Cvens mTavrobas. da Tu
exla inglisis sardloba imis winaaRmdegia, rac wineT TviT aRuTqva
Cvens mTavrobas, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ra unda vuwodoT Cven ingli­
sis sardlobis aseT saqciels da CvenSi mis moRvaweobas? aqvs Tu ara
adgili am SemTxvevaSic maT morig provokacias, da aris Tu ara maTi
guliswyroma Sedegi im orWofuli politikisa, romelsac isini Cven­
Si awarmoeben?
inglisis sardloba Cvens da maT Soris ara sasurvel ganwyo­
bilebis damyarebis erT-erT mizezaT sTvlis agreTve inglisel eqi­
mis mokvlas. CvenSi, rom aravis hklavden da inglisel eqimis mokvla,
rom erTad-erTi sanimuSo SemTxveva yofiliyo qalaq TbilisSi, maSin
SeiZleboda inglisis sardlobas efiqrebia, rom ingliselebis wi­
naaRmdeg raRac SeTqmuleba arsebobso. magram aravisTvis dasamala­
vi ar aris, rom exla xSiria mkvleloba, rogorc CvenSi, agreTve sxva
qveynebSic da TviT inglisSic. Cveni respublikis mTavroba ebrZvis
iseT saSinel movlenebs, rogoric aris mkvleloba, Zarcva-gleja
da sxva, da damnaSave pirT sastikaT sjis. magram me mainc ver war­
momidgenia, ratom unda sargeblobdes ingliseli eqimi meti privi­
legiuri mdgomareobiT saqarTveloSi, vidre saqarTvelos yoveli
moqalaqe? saqarTveloSi yoveli moqalaqe, ganurCevlad qveSevrdo­
mobisa, TanabraT sargeblobs pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobis arsebul

423
garantiebiT da inglisel eqimis mkvleloba aris Sedegi ubralo sam­
wuxaro SemTxvevisa, da aq, SesaZlebelia, inglisel eqimis magivrad
yofiliyo qarTveli an sxva tomis eqimi. mxolod ase SegviZlia Cven
SevxedoT am samwuxaro movlenas da ase unda gaego es inglisis sard­
lobas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, inglisis sardloba valdebulia
daamtkicos, rom Cven mTavrobas an Cvens administracias raime dan­
aSauli miuZRvis inglisel eqimis mkvlelobaSi. amas inglisis sard­
loba ver daamtkicebs, radganac Cvens mTavrobas inglisel eqimis
mokvlaSi imdeni danaSauli miuZRvis, ramdeni TviT inglisis sard­
lobasac, amitom, Cvenis azriT, eqimis mokvla aq ubralo momizeze­
baa, Torem yovlad SeuZlebelia aseTi SemTxveviTi da ubralo, Tumca
samwuxaro, movlena gamxdariyo erT-erT umTavres mizezaT Cven da aq
myof ingliselTa Soris damokidebulebis gamwvavebisa.
me mgonia, rom inglisis sardlobas surs yoveli kavSiri gaswyvi­
tos Cvens mTavrobasTan da ise imoqmedos CvenSi, rogorc amas moiT­
xovs ruseTis reaqcionerebis da imperialistebis interesi.
yvela amas Cven unda movelodeT, radganac yovlad SeuZlebelia
Cven warmovidginoT, rom gulwrfelad fiqrobden CvenTan keTil­
ganwyobilebis damyarebas iseTi mTavrobaTa warmomadgenlebi, rom­
lebic eyrdnobian denikinis Savrazmul Zalebs da surT denikinis
jaris saSualebiT gaamefon reaqcia mTel yofil ruseTis imperiaSi
da kerZod, Cemis azriT, saqarTveloSic. gana SesaZlebelia, inglisis
demokratiam gaamefos denikinis reJimi, denikinis reaqcionuri Zala
TviT inglisSi? ara, TavisTvis ar moisurveben amas ingliselebi, ma­
gram inglisis sardloba, romelsac saqarTvelo albaT miaCnia iseT
velur qveyanad, rogoric aris zogierTi inglisis kolonia, CvenSi
denikinebsac ki gamogzavnis „wesierebis“ dasamyareblad.
yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven valdebuli varT sabolood gamovarkvioT
da TviT inglisis sardlobis umaRles warmomadgenlidan movisminoT,
Tu risTvis arian inglisis jarebi Camosuli saqarTveloSi da uweven
Tu ara seriozul angariSs saqarTvelos respublikis damoukidebel
arsebobis faqts.
yovlad SeuZlebelia Cven maT davuTmoT focxov-artaan-gagris
sakiTxSi, radganac Cven uzrunvelyofili ar viqnebiT, rom momavalSi
inglisis sardloba met moTxovnlebebs ar wamogviyenebs da Cveni qvey­
nis damoukideblobas sruliad ar mospobs.
agreTve Cven inglisis sardlobas unda SevagnebioT, rom Cven
verc erT mis sityvas ver davujerebT da pativiscemiT ver movepyro­
biT, Tu is Tavis dapirebebs yovel fexis nabijze daarRvevs da Tavis
oficialur gancxadebas, rom is Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caereva, Tvi­
Tonve uaryofs.
Tqven dRes moismineT gancxadeba, rom inglisis sardlobas baTum­
Si gamouSvia mowodeba, sadac naTqvamia, rom ingliselebma okupacia
uyves mTel amier-kavkasias, e.i. saqarTvelosac, rom isini wesierebas

424
amyareben iq, rom yoveli moqalaqe, romelic raime borot-moqmedebas
Caidens amier-kavkasiis teritoriaze, sikvdiliT daisjeba inglisel
sardlobis miero.
aris Tu ara es mowodeba Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi Careva?.. aris.
Tumca Cveni respublikis teritoriaze jer aseTi mowodeba ar aris
quCebSi gamokruli, magram baTumis quCebSi ki aris da inglisis sard­
lobis warmomadgenels xeli aqvs mowerili. CvenSi inglisel jarebis
SemosvlisTanave, inglisis sardlobam oficialurad acnoba Cvens
mTavrobas, rom is saqarTvelos respublikis Sinaur saqmeebSi ar
Caereva, magram man dRes es Tavis dapireba daarRvia da amis Semdeg
maT gulwrfelobaze laparaki zedmetia da, Cemis azriT, momavalSi
saqarTvelos respublikis mdgomareoba gauaresdeba, Tu Cven saerTo
ena ver gamovnaxeT iseT ZalebTan, romlebsac aerTebs Cvens demokra­
tiasTan saerTo mizani da saerTo miswrafebani.
aseT ZalebaT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ver CaiTvlebian inglisis impe­
rialistebi. _ es Zala aris revoliucionuri demokratia, da Tu mas­
Tan ver gamovnaxeT saerTo ena, garwmunebT, rom Smagailovis ganTa­
visuflebis istoria CvenSi xSirad ganmeordeba da, SeiZleba, bolos
vinanoT Cven, rom TavSi gadametebulis ndobiT vepyrobodiT ingli­
sis sardlobis dapirebebs da mis oficialur werilobiT gancxade­
bebs, rom isini Sinaur saqmeebSi ar Caerevian.
maSasadame, rogor unda moiqces Cveni mTavroba? me imeds ar vkar­
gav, rom Cveni mTavroba amis Semdeg mainc ufro garkveul gzas daadge­
ba, rom Cveni mTavroba mimarTavs inglisis sardlobas SekiTxviT, _
ereva is Tu ara Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi da Tu ar ereva, riT aixsneba is
mowodebebi, romelic gakrulia baTumis quCebSi, riT aixsneba Smagai­
lovis ganTavisuflebis istoria, riT aixsneba focxovis, artaanis da
gagris olqebSi Cveni jaris SesvliT gamowveuli maTi ukmayofileba
da sxva.
Tu inglisis sardlobam ganacxada, rom is Cven Sinaur saqmeebSi
ereva da ar scnobs Tavis oficialur werilobiT dapirebebs, maSin
dee Cvenma revoliucionurma demokratiam TviT gadaswyvitos sakiTxi,
Tu rogor unda moiqces saqarTvelos mTavroba. me darwmunebuli var,
rom Cveni demokratia brZnul dadgenilebas gamoitans am SemTxvevaSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

raJden arseniZis sityva.


(s.-d.)

r. arseniZe. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


mTavari sakiTxi, romelic dRes aRelvebs Tqvens azrs da gonebas,
sakiTxi, romelmac auarebeli xalxi Seagrova damfuZnebel krebis
darbazSi da mis garSemoTac, es aris sakiTxi Cveni damoukideblobi­

425
sa, da ara im kerZo faqtebisa da kerZo movlenebisa, romelTac adgili
hqonda ama Tu im saxiT.
aq ar aris kiTxva Tavis Tavad arc focxovisa da artaanisa, arc
mexadiris mdinarisa, arc moklul eqimisa.
aq aris kiTxva arsebiTi, kiTxva saqarTvelos TviTarsebobisa, aq
aris mTavari ZiriTadi sakiTxi imisa, unda iarsebos demokratiul
saqarTvelom Tu es unda gaxdes ubralo koloniaT romelime didi
samefosi?
ai, Tu am TvalsazrisiT gavsinjavT Cven yovelive imas, rac Cvens
garSemo xdeba dRes, me mgonia, uimedobis beWedi ar unda daesvas Cven
Subls.
me mgonia, rom yvela am faqtebs, romlebsac SeuZlian Tavis Tavad,
mtkivneulobis grZnoba gamoiwvios Cvens gulSi, da romliTac SeiZle­
ba ase Tu ise ilaxebodes Cveni eris da respublikis Tavmoyvareoba, _
yvela am faqtebs ar aqvs iseTi didi mniSvneloba, rom RrRnides da
sWrides mTavar RerZs, razedac dayrdnobilia Cveni saxelmwifo. bo­
los da bolos Cven viciT, rom arc artaani yofila Cvens xelSi maSin,
rodesac Cveni damoukideblobis saZirkveli Caiyara, da arc mexadi­
ris mdinare gvqonda Cven maSin sazRvraT. es ar aris mTavari, miuxeda­
vaT imisa, rom es ori adgili didi strategiul mniSvnelobisa arian
Cven respublikisTvis.
me vambob, Tu kiTxva dadga iaraRze da Zalaze, Tu kiTxva dadga
sazRvrebis gamagrebaze, rom mteri ar SemouSvaT Sin am did, veeba
saxelmwifos saxiT, romlis interesi gadaxlarTulia saqarTvelos
arsebobasTan, da saqarTvelos TviT arsebis interesebTan, rasak­
virvelia, Cveni xmali verafers gaawyobs, veraferi simagre, veravi­
Tari simaRleebi, verc garduvali mTebi dagvifaraven am Semoseul
Zalebisagan. magram arsebiTad sakiTxi ar swydeba im strategiul
mdgomareobiT, ar swydeba arc mexadiris mdinariT, arc artaanis
qedebiT.
sakiTxi Cveni damoukideblobisa gadaswydeba da unda gadas­
wydes CvenSive, Cveni TviT arsebobis unariT im energiiT, im ZaliT,
im politikur gamWriaxobiT, romelsac gamoiCens Cveni xalxi Tavis
saqmis mowyobaSi. gansakuTrebiT unda gaesvas xazi aseT mdgomareo­
bas maSin, rodesac gvaqvs saqme aseT saxelmwifosTan, rogorc ingli­
si. mTeli politika ingliselebisa aris ara politika xelSekrulo­
bisa da iuridiul formalobisa, aramed ubralo politika, faqtiur
mdgomareobis Seqmnisa. diax, es aris mTavari RerZi im saxelmwifosi,
romelic mosulia dRes CvenSi. Tu germaniis Semosvlis dros Cven
SegveZlo dagvedo raime xelSekruleba, erTgvari pirobebi, romel­
ic meTodiuri sisworiT, raindulad unda Seesrulebina erTsa da
meore mxares, amis Tqma SeuZlebelia inglisis mimarT. aq umTavresi
mniSvneloba aqvs faqtiur mdgomareobas, im SemoqmedebiTi niWs da
energias, romelsac dainaxavs inglisis sardloba da inglisis mTav­

426
roba aq, da im interesebs, romlis gamo inglisis sardloba aq aris
Camosuli. am or ZalTa Soris unda gamoinaxos is saSualeba, xazi,
romelic misaRebia CvenTvisac da im saxelmwifoebisTvisac, romel­
nic aq mosulni arian. mxolod am xazis swored gagebiT, aseT alRos
aRebiT Cven SegviZlian, rom uzrunvelvyoT Cveni damoukidebloba.
sxva yovelive gza am SemTxvevaSi unayofoa da uSedego. xmlis Zalas
adgili ara aqvs, es ar aris mTavari Zala; mTavari aris mowyoba Cveni
saxelmwifosi. am mxriv Tu SevxedavT Cven mdgomareobas, miuxedavaT
misi mraval naklisa, Cven ar SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom unugeSo md­
gomareobaSi viyoT. marTlac Tu warmogidgeniaT romelime saxel­
mwifo, araraobisagan warmoSobili, romelsac jer wlis Tavic ar
Sesrulebia, magram romelsac aqvs iseTi suverenuli gamomxatveli
Tavis nebisa da survilisa, rogoric aris damfuZnebeli kreba, TviT
faqti am krebis arsebobisa, mowmobs did saxelmwifoebriv Semoq­
medebas im erisa, im xalxisa, im demokratiisa, romelmac SesZlo ase­
Ti didi uflebebi da revoliucionuri lozungebi ganexorcielebi­
na, faqtad eqcia.
amitom me vambob, rogoric unda iyos xazi, survili, mimarTule­
ba da miswrafeba sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebisa kavkasiaSi da kerZo
saqarTvelosi, isini yovelTvis gauweven angariSs im faqtiur mdgo­
mareobas, romelsac adgili aqvs CvenSi. Tu Tqven gnebavT, aris amis
magaliTebi dResac. es magaliTebi igive moqmedebania, romelTac aq
didi kritikiT da gakicxviT ixsenieben. ai, Tundac istoria cnobil
gancxadebisa, romelic baTumSi da baqoSi gamokrulia, borCaloSiac,
neitralur sartyelSi, magram saqarTvelos teritoriaze ki arsad;
man moiara Cvens garSemo irgvliv da sruliad xeluxlebeli dastova
swored is teritoria, romelic Cveni suvenerobis qveS imyofeba. es
moxda imitom, rom aq ar iyo iseTi mdgomareoba, romelsac SeiZleba
hqonda adgili erTSi, meoreSi da mesameSiac.
ai es aris mTavari, da ara is, rom Cven rameSi movanawyeneT ingli­
si, an inglisma Cven.
SeiZleba momavalSi, ara erTxel warmoiSvas agredwodebuli kon­
fliqti. am niadagze Cven maT Soris, erTgvari faqtiuri mdgomareo­
bis dasamyareblad; magram Cven gvwams erTi ram: is, rom saqarTvelos
demokratiam, Tavis revoliucionur brZolaSi, Tavis umwvervales
qarcecxlSi, im saSinel wuTebSi, rodesac warRvnas movelodiT osma­
leTis mxridan da mxolod sisxlis Rvris molodini gvqonda, sworeT
am wuTebSi warmoiSva damoukideblobis TviTarseboba, da rom saxel­
mwifos saWe dRemdis xelSi upyria marjved, Seupovrad, medgrad da
erTxelac dabla ar dauSvia es droSa, da Cven demokratiis energiis
da niWis imediT SegviZlian dRes aq vsTqvaT, rom damoukidebeli saqa­
rTvelo uzrunvelyofilia. (taSi).
maSasadame, aq marto kritika imisa, Tu ras warmoadgens inglisi,
an sxva romelime saxelmwifo, CvenTvis sakmarisi ar aris. Cven viciT,

427
Tu ras warmoadgens saerTod politika yvela burJuaziul saxelmwi­
fosi, yvela kapitalistur qveynisa, rogori aris mTavari xazi maTi
diplomatiisa, maTi moqmedebisa.
da Cveni respublika arsebiTad gansxvavdeba maTgan. Cven ar gvaqvs
iseTi politika, romelic Seicavdes saidumloebas, Cven ar gvaqvs, Tu
gnebavT iseTi politika, romelic gaansxvavebs sityvas da saqmes erTi
meorisagan. Cveni mTavari safuZveli aris demokratiuli politika
_ mWreli xmali, _ pirdapiri sityva da sityvis sisworiT asruleba.
Cvens diplomatias, ise rogorc Cvens demokratias ara aqvs iseTi ena,
romelic Wrelia, aramed aqvs iseTi ena, romelic mWrelia, basria mx­
olod imiT, rom eyrdnoba xalxis samarTlian arsebiT interesebs; es
aris rasakvirvelia ena pirdapiri, gabeduli, swori, da amitom yvel­
asTvis misaRebi aucileblad.
me mgonia, rom ramdenic unda mogvTxovon Cven sxva politikis war­
moeba, _ aq moxveva, iq moxveva, ramdenic unda mogvTxovon xmlis aJRa­
runeba did saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg, Cven amas ver miviRebT; CvenTvis
sruliad miuRebelia daRvra Tundac erTi wveTi sisxlisa iq, sadac
imedi ar aris gamarjvebisa. Cven verasodes Cven xalxs, mis saR in­
stiqts ver movTxovT da ver gamoviyvanT iq samoqmedoT, sadac mas ara
aqvs imedi, rom misi momavali naTliT mosilia. uimedo Tavganwirva ar
sCvevia saqarTvelos demokratias da mas ar SeuZlian uimedo brZola.
aRfrTovanebuli brZola, brwyinvale idealebi didi revoliuciisa,
misi pirveli da mTavari lozungebi da am lozungebis ganxorcieleba,
_ yvela amaSi Casaxulia misi sagareo moqmedebis mTavari RerZi. misi
pirdapiroba da misi gulaxdiloba. am politikiT Cven ara erT did
saxelmwifosTan gvqonia saqme da mogvigia maTi guli, da gagvixor­
cielebia Cveni interesebi. me maxovs, maSin, rodesac aq iyo ara ingli­
si, demokratiuli qveynis warmomadgeneli, aramed kaizeris germaniis
imperia, naxevrad absoliuturi, es Cveni mkafio da pirdapiri politi­
ka iseT Sedegebs gvaZlevda, romelic saWiro iyo Cveni damoukideblo­
bis dacvisTvis. Tqven kargad gexsomebaT, rom maSinac gveubnebodnen,
unda gamonaxoT is xazi, romelic misaRebia CvenTvis da germaniis me­
fisTvis. Cven is xazi ver gamovnaxeT, romelic SegvaerTebda germaniis
mefesTan. Cven gvqonda Cveni xazi, Cveni survili, Cveni demokratuli
miswrafebani.
da es pirdapiri politika, aSkarad micemuli sityva da energiuli
dacva Tavis sityvisa, gaxda safuZvlad imisa, rom mTeli Tavisi aq yof­
nis dros germaniis saxelmwifoebrivi Zala ar gamxdara samared Cveni
damoukideblobisa. da Cven gvgonia, rom dRes im saxelmwifos winaSe,
romlis interesebi Cven interesebTan aris gadaxlarTuli, iseTive
pirdapiri, iseTive naTeli politikis warmoeba mogvitans aseTive Se­
degebs. maTi Semosvla da maTi arseboba ar gadaiqceva Cven samared,
aramed wyarod da imedad momavalSi Cveni damoukideblobis kidev
ufro gaZlierebisa da ganmtkicebisa. amis Tavdebi aris Cveni waruli,

428
dRevandeli Cveni mdgomareoba da umTavresi Tavmdebia demokratia
saqarTvelosi. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. Semosuli gax­
lavT mxolod erTi formula soc-demokratiul fraqciis warmodge­
nili. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

formula morig sakiTxze gadasvlisa.

mdivani (kiTxulobs): „moismina ra mTavrobis moxseneba saqarT­


velos sagareo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb _ damfuZnebeli kreba savsebiT
iziarebs mTavrobis politikas, romelic mimarTulia saqarTvelos
suverenuli uflebis da misi arsebiTi, sasicocxlo interesebis dac­
visaken.
damfuZnebeli kreba darwmunebulia, rom es interesebi Cvenis res­
publikisa ar ewinaaRmdegeba Cvens qveyanaSi msoflio omis Semdeg Se­
mosul SeTanxmebas saxelmwifoebisa da, upirveles yovlisa, inglisis
arsebiT interesebs. igi daimedebulia, rom am niadagze SesaZlebelia
ganxorcieleba Cveni axal-aRorZinebuli demokratiis TanamSromlo­
bisa msoflios uZveles demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan.
damfuZnebel krebas swams, rom Cveni mTavrobis zrunva am mxriv
mimarTuli, Sexvdeba srul TanagrZnobas aq Camosul ucxo Zalis mxriv,
romelic sabolood darwmundeba imaSi, rom saqarTvelos demokrati­
ul respublikas, romlis ganuyofeli nawili unda Seiqnes samusli­
mano saqarTvelo, surs da SeuZlia damoukidebeli arseboba da rom
mxolod am principis cnobiT SeiZleba saqarTvelos demokratiis
megobruli ganwyobilebis mopoeba; damfuZnebeli kreba mTeli eris
saxeliT aRiarebs, rom qarTveli xalxi mTeli Tavis Zal-RoniT dauW­
ers mxars mTavrobas respublikis damoukideblobis dacvaSi, romlis
uflebebi saqarTvelos demokratiis brZoliT da sisxliT aris mopoe­
buli da gadadis morig sakiTxze“.
Tavmjdomare. aseTi gaxlavT formula. SeiZleba kidev iyos sxva?
ar aris. (gvazava: sxva ar aris!) gsurT sityva? aris vinme msurveli
raime Sesworeba, an damateba Semoitanos? aravin aris. me kenWs uyri.
vin aris momxre gTxovT aswioT xeli? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin
Seikava Tavi? erTma Seikava Tavi. danarCeni momxreni arian am for­
mulisa. (taSi).
exla Semotanili gaxlavT winadadeba krebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb.
winaaRmdegi aravin gaxlavT. Semdegi sxdoma samSabaTs gaxlavT.
sxdoma ixureba 10 s. 25 wuT.

429
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meTeqvsmete sxdoma

1919 w. maisis 13. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
gr. naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
konstantine jafariZe,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
kreba ixsneba naSuadRevis 12 s. da 35 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT dabrZandeT. mdi­
vani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

komisiaSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs) s. ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti sa­


xalxo skolis maswavlebelTaTvis xuT wleul damatebaTa dawesebis
Sesaxeb.
gadaecema ganaTlebis da safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. gagrZeleba msjelobisa (pirveli ganxilva) moqalaqeobis ka­


non-­proeqtis Sesaxeb.

431
2. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis Semosav­
lis gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis Sesaxeb.
3. gagrZeleba msjelobisa soc.-revol. fraqciis Sinagan saqmeTa
ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis
ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
4. kanon-proeqti saxazino rkinis gzebis mosamsaxureTaTvis jama­
giris momatebisa.
5. kanon-proeqti rkinis gzis kategoriis gareSe myof, agentebis
jamagirebis momatebisa.
6. dadgenileba rkinis gzebis sawyobebSi saqonlis Senaxvis vadis
Semcirebisa.
7. kanon-proeqti saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebisaTvis
premiebis misacemad 100,000 man. gadadebisa.
8. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
sasamarTlo palatis ufrosi Tavmjdomaris mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis
Sesaxeb.
9. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTaTvis sikvdiliT dasjis 12 wlis katorRiT
Secvlis Sesaxeb.
10. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa dasjisagan sruliad ganTavisu­
flebis Sesaxeb.
11. dekreti saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w. ianvris 31 kanonis
(saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxi da kreditis gaxsnisa) gangrZo­
bis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.

Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb sity­


va? msurveli aravin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom wesrigi ase iyos
ganxiluli, rogorc aris Semotanili? winaaRmdeg aravin aris.
exla prezidiumis saxeliT unda mogaxsenoT ori ram: erTi so­
cial-demokratiis fraqciis gancxadeba: prezidiumSi Semovida wina­
dadeba, rom plenumis krebebi 12 saaTis magivrad iwyebodes diliT 11
saaTze da Tavdebodes 3 saaTze.
prezidiumi iziarebs am winadadebas da sTxovs plenums amis Sesax­
eb gamosTqvas Tavisi azri, magram imave dros prezidiumi dasZens da
sTxovs, da sTxovs yvela fraqciebs, Tu vinicoba da prezidiumis wina­
dadebas gaiziareben, _ miiRos yoveli RonisZieba, rom sxdoma sruls
11 saaTze iwyobodes.
maSasadame aseTi winadadeba gaxlavT. surs Tu ara amis Sesaxeb
vismes sityva? sityva aravis surs. vin aris winaaRmdegi? winaaRmdegi
aravin aris.

432
maSasadame vawesebT imas, rom plenumis sxdomebi samSabaTs da
paraskevs iwyebodes 11 saaTze _ da Tavdebodes 3 saaTze.
es winadadeba miRebulia.
maSasadame Semdegi sxdoma paraskevs gaixsneba srul 11 saaTze.
meore. prezidiumis saxelze Semovida krebis wevris eliguliSvi­
lis Txovna Sesaxeb imisa, rom mas, eliguliSvils neba mieces sami Tvis
vadiT wavides sazRvar gared, evropaSi saxelmwifoebriv saqmis gamo.
reglamentiT 1 Tveze meti vadiT daTxovna damokidebuli aris
plenumze. amitom mogaxsenebT da Tu aravin amis winaaRmdegi ar aris,
_ damfuZnebel krebis wevrs eliguliSvils miecema 3 Tvis vada, daTx­
ovnili iqneba sazRvar gared wasasvlelad. vin aris amis winaaRmdeg?
aravin. maSasadame miRebulia.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT gagrZeleba msjelobisa moqalaqeobis
kanonis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mesxiSvils.

gagrZeleba msjelobisa moqalaqeobis kanonis Sesaxeb.

Salva mesxiSvili (s.-f.). moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


am kanonze me piradad laparaks ar vapirebdi, radganac Cveni
fraqcia savsebiT eTanxmeba im safuZvels, romelzedac aSenebulia es
kanon-proeqti, magram damfuZnebel krebis wevris i. gobeCias sityvam
maiZula ramdenime mosazreba gamovsTqva.
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom arc erT kanons, miRebuls saqa­
rTvelos parlamentis mier, ar gamouwvevia iseTi aur-zauri im sazo­
gadoebriv wreebSi, romelnic arsebiTad Cveni damoukideblobis wi­
naaRmdegi iyvnen, rogorc kanon-proeqtis qveSevrdomobis Sesaxeb. es
Zalian advilad asaxsnelia, radganac swored kanon-proeqti qveSevr­
domobisa, romelic sazRvravda imas, vin aris Cveni qveSevrdomi, visa
aqvs ufleba miiRos monawileoba Cvens politikur cxovrebaSi, ganze
stovebda im pirT, romelnic scxovroben CvenSi, Cven xalxTan dakav­
Sirebulni ar arian da sruliad ucabedad moxvdnen Cvens terito­
riaze. swored es sazogado wreebi Zalian aReldnen da Tqven kargad
gaxsovT presaSi, imaT presaSi _ me amas xazs vusvam _ erTi gangaSi iyo
atexili, rom saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni, romelic samar­
Tlianobas moklebuli aris, da romelic Zalian aRSfoTebs zogierT
politikur wreebs, arTmevs maT politikur uflebaT. da amgvarad
saqarTvelos surs Tavisi damoukideblobis saqme moawyoso. aseTi
argumenti, romelic mesmoda am mxridan, CemTvis gasagebi iyo, imitom
rom is pirni arsebiTad ver Seeguebian Cvens orientacias, imaT Tavian­
Ti orientacia aqvT, zogs CrdiloeTisken, zogs sxvagan. imaT ar sur­
daT, rom saqarTvelos politikuri organizmi damoukideblobaT Cam­
oyalibebuliyo. swored isini awarmoebdnen brZolas, rogorc Cvens
da ucxoel presaSi, agreTve qalaqis TviTmarTvelobaSi da yovelgan,

433
sadac ki SeeZloT. magram me saSinlad gamaoca, rodesac TiTqmis amaT­
Tanave azrs Sevxvdi damfuZnebel krebaSi.
ras ukiJineben am kanon-proeqts? mxolod imas, rom es kanon-pro­
eqti nebas ar aZlevs yvelas, vinc am kanon-proeqtis miRebamde, scx­
ovrobda saqarTveloSi, rom imaT isargeblon yovelive politikur
uflebebiT. amaze unda mogaxsenoT, rom is adamiani, romelsac surs
saxelmwifos aSeneba, vinc seriozulad fiqrobs amazed, sakiTxs ase
verasodes ver daayenebs. aq ukve iyo naTqvami da kidev unda gavimeoro,
rom saxelmwifoebriv aRSenebaSi monawiloebis miReba SeuZlian imas,
visac arsebiTi kavSiri aqvs im teritoriasTan, saxelmwifosTan, ro­
melic unda iyos aSenebuli, da ara im pirT, vinc sruliad ucabedad,
sruliad SemTxveviT arian gadmovardnili, an Semokedlilni Cvens
teritoriaze, arafriT ar arian CvenTan dakavSirebulni da visac ar­
sebiTad ar surT Cveni damoukidebloba. sad aris loRikuri safuZve­
li, rom amisTana pirebs mieces Cveni qveSevrdomoba?
b. gobeCias ukvirs, raT aris aRebuli 19 ivnis 1914 w. datao? swored
imitom, rom am dRidan saerTaSoriso omis gamo auarebeli xalxi moawy­
da Cvens teritorias. yvela es Semoxiznuli xalxi darCa aq, Cven teri­
toriaze da yvela es arsebiTi Cven damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg arian,
da yvela visac surs am xalxs Cveni moqalaqeobis ufleba mieces, Cvens da­
moukideblobas Zirs uTxris. es iseTi naTeli da WeSmariti azri aris,
rom amasTan brZola me ver warmomidgenia. amitom yovelive saxelmwifo
moRvawe, romelsac surs mkvidr niadagze daayenos saqarTvelos aRSen­
ebis saqme, Zalian did sifrTxiliT moekideba qveSevrdomobis kanons.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom laparaki imaze, rom es kanoni ar aris
demokratiuli _ samarTliani ar aris. es kanon-proeqti Zalian far­
ToT aZlevs SeZlebas, visac raime damokidebuleba aqvs Cven terito­
riasTan, rom is gamocxadebuli iyos Cven qveSevrdomaT. Tu Tqven daak­
virdebiT did saxelmwifoebis praqtikas da patara erebis kanonebs
qveSevrdomobis Sesaxeb, Tqven naTlaT dainaxavT, rom rac ufro did­
ia saxelmwifo miT ufro nakleb eSinia qveSevrdomobis kanonis gafar­
Toebisa, imitom, rom didi saxelmwifo advilad moinelebs Semosul
elementebs. rac ufro pataraa saxelmwifo, ufro meti sifrTxiliT
unda ekidebodes am qveSevrdomobis kanons, imitom, rom qveSevrdomo­
bis kanonis movaleobasTan erTad, im ucxoelebisTvis, romelnic qve­
SevrdomobaSi Semodian, _ Zalian bevri uflebac aqvs.
magaliTad, Tugind agraruli sakiTxi aiReT. me vekiTxebi b. gobe­
Cias, Tu Cven vixelmZRvaneleT im kanoniT, romelic soc.-rev. Semoi­
tanes, ese igi kanonis gamocemamde, vinc ki scxovroben saqarTveloSi,
da moindomebs saqarTvelos qveSevrdomobas, yvela imas rom mieces es
ufleba, me gekiTxebiT Tqven _ ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba, Tugind agra­
rul sakiTxSi, rodesac miwa imdenad mcire aris, rom ar yofnis TviT
mkvidr qveSevrdomebs, romelnic aq scxovroben. ar vici b. gobeCia ra
azrisa aris, me ki mwams, rom demokratul respublikis qveSevrdomo­

434
bis kanoni, iseTi unda iyos, rom yvela qveSevrdomi Tanaswori unda
iyos da unda sargeblobdes yvela uflebiT Tanabrad.
amitom me piradad mimaCnia, rom es kanon-proeqti Sedgenili aris
marTlac demokratiulad, marTlac socialisturad, Tuki SeiZle­
ba qveSevrdomobis kanoni gobeCias TerminologiiT socialisturad
iyos Sedgenili. amiT vaTaveb Cems mokle SeniSvnebs da vimeoreb rom,
romelic, b. gobeCiam sTqva _ ar unda Tqmuliyo, vinaidan igi moklebu­
li aris principialur safuZvels da mxolod gamoiwvevs gangaSs Cven
mtris banakSi, im wreebSi, romelsac rasakvirvelia Cveni aRmSeneblo­
ba ki ar undaT, aramed Cveni dangreva da daqceva.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobisTvis? sityva
ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. moqalaqeno! b-n mesxiSvilis sityvam Zlier cudi
STabeWdileba moaxdina Cemze. man sruliaT usafuZvloT, saSineli
braldeba wamoayena Cems winaaRmdeg. misi sityviT Turme me saqarTve­
los damoukideblobas Zirs vuTxri, radganac moviTxov moqalaqeo­
bis kanonis gafarTovebas. Cemis azriT-ki saqarTvelos damoukidebel
arsebobas Zirs uTxrian isini, vinc sruliad moufiqreblaT da usabu­
Tod, rogorc amas sCadis b-ni mesxiSvili, saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobis mtrebaT acxadebs yvela imaT, vinc saqarTveloSi scxovrobs
1914 wlidan. me wineT vambobdi da exlac vimeoreb, rom saqarTvelos
demokratiul respublikaSi, sadac gabatonebuli arian social­
istebi, ar unda arsebobdes privilegiebi romelime erTi erisaTvis.
warmodgenili kanon-proeqtis mexuTe muxli-ki awesebs aseT privile­
giebs. ai sworeT amitom me moviTxove, rom is ufleba, romliTac, mex­
uTe muxlis ZaliT, sargeblobs yoveli qarTveli, gavrcelebuliyo
saqarTveloSi mosaxle sxva erTa Svilebzec. soc.-revoliucionerTa
fraqciis mier warmodgenili Sesworeba gulisxmobs sworeT im samar­
Tlianobas, romlisaTvis mudam ibrZoden da ibrZvian internaciona­
lur socializmis mimdevrebi yvela qveynebSi. moqalaqeobis sakiTx­
Si Cveni fraqciis pozicia aris internacionaluri, socialisturi
da, rasakvirvelia, is sruliaT gaugebaria iseT nacionalistebi­
saTvis, rogoric iyven da arian Cveni federalistebi. isini saqarT­
velodan mudam erekeboden sxva eris Svilebs da am sakiTxSic imaT ar
uRalatniaT TavianT nacionalistur bunebisaTvis. federalistebs
ecodinebaT, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifod gamocxa­
debul iqna mxolod 1918 wlis 26 maiss. manamdi-ki saqarTvelos mcx­
ovreblebi, ganurCevlad erovnebis, iTvlebodnen jer ruseTis,
Semdeg-ki amier-kavkasiis respublikis moqalaqeebaT. saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes yofil ruseTis imperiis yov­
el qveSevrdoms, romelic im Jamad scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, sru­
li ufleba hqonda Tavis Tavi CaeTvala moqalaqeT axlad daarsebul
saqarTvelos respublikisa (xma: maS yvela ltolvilebsac?) Tu gne­
bavT ltolvilebsac. magram am SemTxvevaSi Tqveni SiSi usafuZvlo

435
gadaWarbebulia, radganac ltolvilebs Tavis samSoblo aqvT, bevri
imaTgani ukve Sin dabrunda da danarCenic pirvel SeZlebisTanave
saqarTvelodan gava. magram me Tqven gekiTxebiT, SeuZlia Tu ara dam­
fuZnebel krebis socialistur umravlesobas uari uTxras saqarTve­
los moqalaqeobis miniWebaze ltolviTa im nawils, romelsac hsurs
saqarTveloSi darCes da romelic scnobs saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobas. Cemis azriT socialistebs da revoliucionerebs amis ufle­
ba ara aqvT, Tu isini TavianT principebs da tradiciebs ar uRalate­
ben. Cven wineT mogaxseneT da exlac gavimeoreb, rom istorias axsovs
magaliTebi, rodesac ucxoelebs revoliuciis dros aniWebden moqa­
laqeobas da srul politikur uflebebs. safrangeTis revoliuciis
dros ucxoelebi safrangeTis damfuZnebel krebaSic-ki gaviden da
Cveni socialistebi moqalaqeobis sakiTxSi unda baZavden safrange­
Tis revoliucionerebs mainc.
Cveni fraqcia yovel SemTxvevaSi ver gaiziarebs verc feder­
alistebis da verc sxva partiebis nacionalistur Tvalsazriss mo­
qalaqeobis sakiTxSi. 1918 wlis 26 maisis aqtis gamocxadebisTanave
erovnul sabWos unda mieRo moqalaqeobis iseTi kanoni, romliTac
saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba mieniWeboda yvela im pirs, vinc scxovrob­
da saqarTvelos teritoriaze damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes
da vinc moqalaqeobaze uars ar ganacxadebda. es rom ase momxdariyo,
erovnuli sabWo did samsaxurs gauwevda saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobis ganmtkicebis saqmes da Tavidan aicdenda im ukmayofilebas,
romelic gamoiwvia mis mier miRebul moqalaqeobis kanonma saqarTve­
los sxva da sxva sazogadoebriv wreebSi. erovnul sabWos moqalaqe­
obis kanoni imdenad uvargisi gamodga, rom misi gauqmeba da axalis
gamocema aucilebeli gaxda. warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi es naTlad
aris gamoxatuli. marTalia, damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi moxda
Zveli moqalaqeobis kanonis mixedviT, magram damfuZnebel krebaSi
did umravlesobas mainc socialistebi Seadgenen da amitom exla
dro aris damfuZnebelma krebam savsebiT gaasworos is Secdomebi,
romlebic moqalaqeobis kanonSi erovnulma sabWom dauSva. damfuZne­
belma krebam am SemTxvevaSi ar unda gaiziaros is Semcdari mosaz­
reba, romelic b. mesxiSvilma wamoayena kanon-proeqtis ucvlelad
miRebis sasargeblod da Cveni fraqciis Sesworebis sawinaaRmdegod.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. mesxiSvilma Cveni Sesworebis winaaRmdeg mx­
olod erTi viTomda seriozuli mosazreba moiyvana, danarCeni misi
mosazreba iyo calieri sityvaTa braxa-bruxi. b. mesxiSvilma ganacxa­
da, moqalaqeobis ufleba, rom mieces yvela imas, vinc scxovrobs saqa­
rTveloSi, ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba agraruli sakiTxi, rodesac miwa
ar yofnis mkvidr qveSevrdomebso. aseTi mosazrebis moyvana SeuZlia,
mxolod ukidures nacionalistebs da Cven viciT, rom yvela qveynis
nacionalistebi da imperialistebi xSirad aseTi mosazrebebiTac
asabuTeben TavianT nacionalistur-Sovinistur politikas. magram

436
yovlad Seuwynarebelia, rom aseTi mosazrebiT asabuTebdes social­
isti moqalaqeobis kanonis gafarToebis SeuZleblobas. yvela amas,
rom Tavi davaneboT, TviT miwis socializaciazec ver hqonia b. mesx­
iSvils swori warmodgena. saqarTvelos miwa-wylis socializaciis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb b. mesxiSvils SeeZlo bevri ram sasargeblo
amoekiTxa miwis Cvens kanon-proeqtSi (mesxiSvili adgilidan: Tqveni
ar gaxlavT). diax, sakuTari Cveni socialist-revoliucionerebis
kanon-proeqtSi, romelic Cven SevitaneT saqarTvelos parlamentSi,
bevrs iseT cnobebs amokrefavdiT, rom TqvenTvisac aSkara gaxdebo­
da is, rom saqarTveloSi miwis socializaciis gatarebas sruliad
ar SeuSlida xels, damfuZnebel krebis mier moqalaqeobis kanonSi
eserebis fraqciis Sesworebebis miReba. Cvens miwis kanon-proeqtSi
naTqvamia, rom miwiT isargeblebs is, vinc TviT mas daamuSavebs, da
am principis mixedviT saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul pirTa ricxvi, rom­
lebsac b. mesxiSvili ar swyalobs, kidevac rom asjer imaze meti iyves,
rac exlaa, saqarTvelos miwa-wyali mainc mSromelTaTvis sayofni
iqneboda. miwis socializaciis dros miwas yvelas ki ar daurigeben,
aramed imaT, vinc TviTon miwis damuSavebas SesZlebs da moisurvebs.
amis garda sxva gzebic aris imisTvis, rom miwa yvelas eyos: cariel
adgilebze umiwawyloTa gadasaxleba da mowyoba, miwis ganoyiereba
da bevri sxva. ase, rom miwis socializacia aq araferi mosatani iyo,
b. mesxiSvilo!
dasasrul unda ganvacxado erTi ram. Cven, socialist-revoli­
ucionerebs, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ganmtkicebis saqme gve­
smis, sxvaTa Soris, rogorc saqarTveloSi mosaxle erTa Soris sol­
idarobis damyareba. Cven mier Semotanili Sesworebebi, Tu isini
miRebuli iqnen, swored mtkice niadags moumzadeben CvenSi mosaxle
erTa solidarobas da amisaTvis iyo, rom me damavala soc.-revoli­
ucionerTa fraqciam Semetana warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi is Ses­
worebebi, romlebic Tqven ukve mogxsendaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b. arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) am moqalaqeobis gamo dava Seiqmna sul sxva
principze: Tu rogor unda iyos revoliucionuri kanoni, rogori
kanoni daakmayofilebs revoliucionur xalxis arsebiT interesebs
da revoliucionur Segnebas.
me mgonia b. gobeCia aq sastikad scdeba. jer erTi, vin ityvis, rom
yvela erisagan Semdgari saxelmwifo aris demokratiuli, xolo erTi
erisagan Semdgari saxelmwifo aris antidemokratiulio? piriqiT,
internacionalisagan mxolod erTi ram gagvigonia: _ erTi eri _ erTi
saxelmwifo. da roca saxelmwifos da eris farglebi erTi da igivea,
amiT nacionalur SezRudvasac ramodenimeT mainc bolo eReba. ai es
aris erTi mTavari Rirseba damoukidebeli, erovnuli saxelmwifos
daarsebisa. magram, Tu erovnuli saxelmwifo daarsdeba, rasakvirve­
lia, iq erTi eri iqneba umTavresad gabatonebulic da gobeCias mier

437
„nacionalistoba“ da yvela is saSineleba, romelic Turme SebRalaven
socializmis saxels, _ me mgonia yuriT aris moTreuli. am sakiTxTan
nacionalistobas, araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs, vinaidan, socialiste­
bi ar dauWerdnen mxars nacionalistur saxelmwifos arsebobas, Tu
es ar Sediodes maT programaSi, Tu aseTi saxelmwifos arseboba ew­
inaaRmdegebodes demokratiis interesebsa da socializmis arsebiT
interesebs. aq amboben, rom rodesac 71 wels komunistebi, da sxva
revoliucionerebi iRebdnen TavianT wreSi ucxo saxelmwifos moqa­
laqes, da Tavis moqalaqeT acxadebdnen, amiT TiTqos aRiarebdnen zo­
gad princips, rom yvela kacs, romelic ki Semova saxelmwifoSi _ aqvs
ufleba am saxelmwifos moqalaqeobisa. unda mogaxsenoT, rom arcerT
revoliucionur wreSi ar iRebdnen sxva qveynebis reaqcionerebs, Tun­
da im qveynidan, saidanac mosuli iyo revoliucia. magram, Tu Tqven
gindaT specialuri gansakuTrebuli saxelmwifo daaarsoT, mxolod
revoliucionerebisagan, maSin unda daaarsoT specialuri saxelm­
wifo marto eserebisTvisac. xolo Tu ki gsurdaT wminda, marto eser­
ebis saxelmwifos daarseba, me makvirvebs, ratom gamoeyaviT ruseTis
eserebs, da CadeqiT sxva farglebSi?
principi moqalaqeobis is ki ar aris, rom yvela, vinc ki Semova
Cven saxelmwifoSi gaxdes Cven moqalaqeT, ara. aq aris erTi principi
mizanSewonilobisa. revoliucionur xanaSi, revoliucionur brZo­
laSi vinc ki gagviwevs arsebiT daxmarebas, SegviZlian dauyonebliv
miviRoT moqalaqeT, da didis pativiscemiT aRvWurvoT. amis muxli
am kanon-proeqtSiac aris. iq sweria: „yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi, ro­
melsac raime TvalsaCino Rvawli miuZRvis respublikis winaSe Tavisi
mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv moRvawe­
obiT Tu sxva mxriv, SeiZleba am vadis mouTxovneladac iqmnes miRe­
buli saqarTvelos moqalaqed“. (gobeCia: es momavalSi!) guSin, xval,
momavalSi sul erTia vinaidan, samsaxuri fasdeba ara imiT, rom is
moxda dRes, an moxdeba xval, aramed imiT, Tu ra sargebloba mouta­
na saxelmwifos. da Cven gvgonia, rom ar gamoCndeba arc erTi wevri
damfuZnebel krebisa, romelic ityvis rom, _ Tu vinmem gauwia saqarT­
velos namdvili, realuri daxmareba 1911 wels, gind 1915 wels, is ar
SeiZleba gamocxaddes moqalaqeTo, Tundac did sargeblobis momtani
iyos saqarTvelosTvis. im saxelmwifosTvis, romelsac Cven vaarsebT.
magram es gobeCias ver gaugia. aq man Semoitana muxli, romelSiac swe­
ria, rom unda miviRoT moqalaqeT yvela, Tu ki is moisurvebs Cven moqa­
laqeobas. Cven ki piriqiT, gvinda mivceT aseTi ufleba imas, vinc raime
daxmarebas aRmouCens Cven saxelmwifos. yvela aseTi pirebi savsebiT
daSvebuli da miRebuli unda iyvnen.
amgvarad, krebis wevrma gobeCiam unda icodes, rom rodesac
revoliuciis saxels moitans aq am tribunaze cotaodeni codnac unda
gamoiCinos revoliucionur praqtikisa, ase zerele laparaki ki am
tribunas ar ekadreba.

438
saWiroa arsebiTi, marTla arsebiTi ganxilva yovel movlenisa, da
gaTvaliswineba imis, marTla revoliucionuria es movlena Tu ara.
me vambob, rom am kanoniT eZlevaT Cveni moqalaqeobis ufleba
yvela imas vinc ki xalxs, muSaTa klass, demokratias moutans gamar­
jvebas, ganTavisuflebas, Tundac ucxo eris revoliucioneri iyos
is, magram igi Tavidan iSorebs Cveni respublikis mowinaaRmdege rea­
qcionerebs. vacxadeb aSkarad, rom es kanoni iyo mimarTuli swored im
elementebis winaaRmdeg, romelTac surdaT damxoba Cven damoukideb­
el respublikisa.
verc erTi moqalaqe ver ityvis, rom am kanon-proeqts SeuZlian ga­
moiwvios Setakeba Cveni da ucxo demokratiisa, magram ki sdevnis yve­
la im elementebs, romelTac exarbebaT demokratiis gabatoneba CvenSi
da damoukideblobis gamotacva undaT Cveni xelidan. ai amitom aris
es kanoni damxmare da sasargeblo revoliuciuri demokratiisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Salva mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili (s.-f.) me mgonia moqalaqeno, rom istoriis mag­
aliTebiT sargebloba unda icodes kacma da Semdeg unda wamoayenos
Tqven winaSe.
did revoliucioners baton gobeCias waukiTxavs safrangeTis
revoliuciis istoriaSi, rom iq moqalaqeoba da sakanonmdeblo
krebulis wevroba miniWebuli hqondaT zogierT ucxoels, diax, mec
vici es magaliTi.
Tqven, b-no gobeCia, rogorc revoliucionerma, unda icodeT, rom
yvela revoliuciisTvis arsebobs erTi sazomi, yvela revoliucioneri
ise unda fiqrobdes, rom xelsayrelia is, rac revoliucias sargeblo­
bas moutans da miuRebelia is, rac revoliucias daamxobs. aseve msj­
elobdnen isini, vinc safrangeTis revoliucias saTaveSi edgnen. imaT
misces moqalaqeobrivi ufleba im ucxoelebs, romelnic amoudgnen
gverdSi safrangeTis mebrZol xalxs da icavdnen safrangeTis Tavisu­
flebas yvela mtrebisagan. da Tqven ki dido revoliucionero batono
gobeCia, Tqvenis proeqtiT gsurT misceT moqalaqeobis ufleba yvela
imaT, vinc gverdSi ki ar amogvidgeba, aramed dascems zurgSi laxvars
revoliucias, demokratias da Cvens damoukideblobas.
iuristi gobeCia gveubneba, rom Zveli kanoni qveSevrdomobisa ar
varga, rac iqidana sCans, rom axal kanonis boloSi aris moTavsebuli
saSineli muxli, romelic am kanonis miRebidan auqmebs Zvel kanonso.
SesaZlebelia amisTana argumentacia iuristis mier?
Zveli kanoni mTlianad moyvanilia axal kanonis pirvel muxlSi.
rodesac Cven axal kanons miviRebT da amave sakiTxzed Zveli kanonic
arsebobs, yoveli axali kanoni gaauqmebs xolme Zvel kanons ara imi­
tom, rom Zveli kanoni vargoda Tu ar vargoda, aramed imitom, rom
gamocemulia amave sakiTxzed axali kanoni. erTi kiTxva unda dausva
b-n gobeCias: im qveSevrdomobis kanoniT, romelic Tqven gsurT Semoi­
tanoT, vis aZlevT qveSevrdomobis uflebas? gavxsnaT frCxilebi.

439
im kanonis ZaliT, romelic komisiam SeimuSava, Cven vaZlevT qve­
Sevrdomobis uflebas yvela imas, vinc iyo miwerili romelime ad­
ministratiul erTeulze 1914 wlis 19 ivlisamde, yvela imas, visac
CvenSi raime qoneba aqvs, yvela imas, vinc CvenSi Tavis saqirao SromiT
scxovrobs. amgvarad muSaTa klasis interesi, proletariatis in­
teresi, romelnic arsebiTad revoliucionerebi arian, daculia am
kanoniT. viRa darCa im kategoriaTa gareSe, romelTa interesi am
kanoniT daculia? darCebian ltolvilni, spekuliantebi da deniki­
nis momxreebi. sadauri revoliucionerobaa b-no gobeCia, ueWvelad
ase gaafarTovoT qveSevrdomobis kanoni, rom qveSevrdomobis ufle­
ba denikinelebs mieces, romelnic ucdian mxolod Sesafer moments,
rom daasamaron saqarTvelos damoukidebloba?
amitom b-n gobeCias revoliucionuri frazeologia darCeba
marto frazeologiaT da arsebiTad misi Sexeduloba am kanon-pro­
eqtze reaqcionuria, radganac mxars uWers revoliuciis da Cveni
damoukideblobis mowinaaRmdegeebs. ramdenic unda iyviroT, rom es
kanon-proeqti aris nacionalisturi, es kanon-proeqti aris arseb­
iTad demokratiuli imitom, rom aZlevs saSualebas Cven qveSevrdo­
mobisas yvelas, visac raime kavSiri aqvs Cven teritoriasTan. exla
Tqven TiTon gansajeT, vin aris revoliucioneri da vin aris re­
aqcioneri.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
pavle sayvareliZe (momxsenebeli). batonebo, am moxsenebis winaaRm­
deg mxolod erTi fraqcia gamovida, fraqcia s.-r.-ebisa.
qarTuli andaza aris: Citi bdRvnad ara Rirda, devna meti iyoo.
zedmeti da nametani mWle iyo swored b-n gobeCias gamosvla. magram,
radganac fraqciis saxeliT iyo misi gamosvla, Cven valdebulni varT
amas angariSi gauwioT.
bevrs ar vilaparakeb, aq samarTlianad iyo gakritikebuli es
opozicia, magram me mainc ramdenime SeniSvnas gavakeTeb. upirveles
yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia aq is, rom saqarTvelos respublikaSi viTomc
yvelas unda SeeZlos moqalaqeoba visac surs, visac vTqvaT, moewoneba
Cveni qveyana. kargia Tqvenma mzem, magaliTad movidnen ltolvilebi,
omma gadmoreka ucxo tomis xalxi, ucxo elementebi, ai warmoidgineT,
rom maT moewonaT Cveni samSoblo, Cveni respublika.
b-ni gobeCia imdenad gulkeTilia, rom yvelas aniWebs am qveynis mo­
qalaqeobas, radganac Cveni saqarTvelo moewonaT. es arc iuridiulia,
arc socialisturia. me mikvirs, ratom ase xSirad xmarobs am sityvas
b. gobeCia, TiTqos eWvi epareba, rom socialisti aris, mudam imeorebs
socialisti varo, socialisti varo. Cven ar vyviriT, ar vlaparakobT,
Cven saqmiT davamtkicebT, Tu rani varT. vinc unda movides aq, social­
istebi rom movidnen, ltolvilebi ucxo qveynisa, amerikisa da sxv.
moxda, rom moisurves maT aq darCena. Cven maT, Tqveni SexedulebiT da
Tqveni kanoniT, ver gamoucxadebT, rom ar arian Cveni qveSevrdomni.

440
vfiqrobT isini arc moindomeben amas imitom, rom maT kargad ician ra
aris eri, ra aris respublika da saxelmwifo da ra aris moqalaqeobis
ufleba. amitom Cven mag kanon-proeqts, wamoyenebuls b. gobeCias mier,
araviTari yuradReba ar unda mivaqcioT.
is acxadebs: kanonis gamocxadebis dros vinc iqneba, is CaTvlili
unda iyos moqalaqeTo. is SeiZleba iyos moqalaqe inglisisa, SeiZle­
ba italielebi gadiqcen Cven moqalaqeT _ SeiZleba yvelani, erTi si­
tyviT yvela juris, yvela partiis da saxelmwifos kaci moxvdeba Cven
moqalaqeT. es SeuZlebelia, es anti-saxelmwifoebrivi movlena iqneba.
kidev erTi kritika wamoayena b. gobeCiam: TiTqos Cven aq upiratesobas
vaZlevT viRacas am kanon-proeqtiT.
me mgonia, arsebiTad aq ar aris upiratesoba. aq aris erTi upi­
ratesoba qarTvelebis Sesaxeb, is ambobs: Cveni saxelmwifo terito­
rialuria da marTlac mecnieruli SexedulobiT saxelmwifo dRes
mxolod teritorialuria. amnairad teritorialuria Cveni res­
publikac. cxadia, yovel moqalaqes, ganurCevlad gvartomobisa aqvs
ufleba Cveni moqalaqeobisa da es asec aris, amas amtkicebs Cveni dam­
fuZnebeli kreba. magram erTi ram unda iTqvas aSkarad, rac CvenTvis
aucilebelia. Cveni respublika umTavresad qarTvelebze emyareba, es
dasamalavi ar aris. (xma: es xom faqtia!). es faqtia da aSkaraa isic, rom
Cven qarTul enaze vlaparakobT, es aris Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi ena.
cxadia. Cven amiT vamtkicebT, rom marTlac, Cven yvela erebs pativsa
vcemT, Tanasworobaa yvela am mcxovreblebSi ganurCevlad gvartomo­
bisa, maT erTnairad vepyrobiT, magram didi umravlesoba qarTveli
eria da Cveni respublikac qarTvelebs emyareba. Cven vgulisxmobT,
rom qarTvelebSi SeiZleba 1% ar aRmoCndes Cveni respublikis wi­
naaRmdeg, ucxoelebSi ki SeiZleba bevri aRmoCndes. amitom aris yvela
qarTveli nagulisxmevi Cven mier Cveni respublikis moqalaqed, Tu is
moisurvebs Tavis samSoblos moqalaqeobas. es ubralo ambavia da ra­
tom ar gaigo es amdenxans b. gobeCiam. imas ar moswons Tqma yofili
ruseTis, ratom marto yofili ruseTio. batonebo, safrangeTSi Cven
ar vcxovrobdiT, arc inglisSi, arc osmaleTSi. Cven davkargeT erTi
saukunis win Cveni damoukidebloba, Cven viyaviT am xnis ganmavloba­
Si mikruli did ruseTTan, romelic am revoliuciis dros daiSala.
Cven mas gamoveyaviT, amitom Cven vgulisxmobT da vlaparakobT yofil
ruseTis qveSevrdomebze.
aris saxelmwifoebi, osmaleTi, sparseTi, sadac arian qarTvelebi,
am qarTvelebs Cven ar vexebiT. es am saxelmwifos mimarT ara eTiuri
mopyroba iqneboda. arsebiTad rom, igive gveTqva, rac yofil ruse­
Tze. isini ar darRveulan ise, rogorc ruseTi, ruseTi ki sruliad
daiSala. amaSia gansxvaveba, es advilad gasagebi aris.
meore aq sainteresoa erTi ram. erTi gaugebrobaa, ubralo gauge­
broba. rom dahkvirveboda opoziciis warmomadgeneli am kanon-pro­
eqts mixvdeboda, rom aq erTi principia. is ambobda: meore nawils

441
kanon-proeqtisas mxars dauWerT, mxolod pirvels ki arao. gamo­
dis, viTom meoreSi aris socialisturi da demokratiuli principi
da pirvelSi ki ara, namdvilad ki erTi principia orivegan. aiReT,
magali­Tad naturalizaciis principi. aqac saWiro aris staJi. Tqveni­
sTana socialistebic, rom movidnen ucxoeTidan da erTi weliwadi aq
dahyon, moqalaqeebad ar gaxdebian, Tu gansakuTrebuli Rvawli ar mi­
uZRviT maT Cvens winaSe. kanon-proeqti ambobs pirdapir: TvalsaCino
Rvawli visac miuZRvis, imas araviTari vada ar esaWiroeba, Cveni res­
publika maT miiRebs qveSevrdomaT. amis garda kidev aris erTi saint­
ereso ram. gamodis rom batoni gobeCia icavs qalebs, qalTa uflebas,
Cven ki ara. Cven socialistebi varT da varT momxreni qalebis ufle­
bebis, maTi ganTavisuflebis. Cven am sakiTxs vepyrobiT ise, rogorc
moiTxovs demokratiuli saxelmwifoebrivi da iuridiuli mecniere­
ba (xma: Tqven ver gagigiaT!) Cven ar SegviZlian frazas davemyaroT.
(xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari).
Tqven ver gagigiaT, samwuxarod Cvenda, ver gagigiaT da verc exla
igebT, rom sadao aq araferi aris.
ratom ukargavT adamianobas qalsao, kiTxulobs gobeCia. qali
gaTxovda ucxoelze, igi imdenad gatacebulia Tavisi qmriT, rom miyve­
ba sxva saxelmwifoSi, amiT is sulac ar kargavs adamianobas, rogorc
amas b. gobeCia fiqrobs. am kanon-proeqtiT adamianobas ki ar hkargavs
qali, kargavs pirvandel moqalaqeobas. miyveba qmars, midis, eTvise­
ba sxva politikur da ekonomikur weswyobilebas. qali dakavSirebu­
lia memkvidreobis uflebiT da saojaxo uflebiT, mTeli samoqalaqo
uflebiT ucxoeTis moqalaqe qmarTan. ai, amitom saerTo movlenaa,
rom qali Rebulobs qmris moqalaqeobas. es saerTo movlena amitom,
rom rodesac ucxoeli qali Semodis, ai aq Cven moqalaqes mosTxovde­
ba is ukavSirdeba mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT, ekonomiuri, socialuri,
politikuri cxovrebiT qmars, amitom aq moqalaqeobis svla bunebrivi
movlena aris. es movlena iuridiuli faqtia, da amisTvis unda gamov­
naxoT iuridiuli mcneba. Cven Cveni moqalaqeobis uflebas vaniWebT im
qals, romelic aq Semodis, rogorc coli Cveni moqalaqisa. ucxoelze
miTxovil Cven moqalaqe qals Cven utovebT erT gamosavals. aq sweria:
(kiTxulobs).
„ucxoeTSi gaTxovili saqarTvelos moqalaqe qali, romelic
daqvrivebis, an ganqorwinebis Semdeg ganacxadebs, rom surs saqarTve­
los moqlaqeoba, xolo uwlovano Svilebi aseTi qvrivisa, an ganqor­
winebulisa, ukeTu isini erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da srul wlovano­
bis Semdeg ar ganacxadeben, rom surT mamis moqalaqeobaSi darCena“.
Tu qali ar ganacxadebs survils, maSin dakargavs Cvens moqalaqeo­
bas. ori moqalaqeoba akrZalulia. saxelmwifo Txoulobs erT moqa­
laqeobas. ras izamT maSin? ai, magaliTad safrangeTs, Sveicarias,
amerikis saxelmwifoebs ras uzamT? vTqvaT, gayva ucxoels Cveni qali.
iq, ucxoeTSi is ar icvnes saqarTvelos moqalaqed?

442
Tqveni proeqtiT ibadeba didi winaaRmdegoba da Tqven gindaT
fraziT, raRac gaugebari fraziT, gindaT mospoT es winaaRmdegoba.
rodesac miSa arseniZe laparakobda (xmauroba. zari. raJden) raJden
arseniZem sityva sTqva (xmauroba. sicili. zari) b. gobeCia gaakritika,
b. gobeCiam wamoiZaxa: vin iyo msajulaTo. gamodis rom Cven, Cven saxel­
mwifos, Cven damfuZnebel krebas, Cven parlaments, Cven damoukidebel
respublikas, ar SeeZlo Turme gamoecxadebia Cven mtrebad isini, vinc
marTlac ibrZodnen iaraRiT xelSi Cvens winaaRmdeg. b. gobeCia, me
mgonia Tqveni argumentaciiT Tqven gsurT, uneburad, rasakvirvelia,
gsurT gavaZlieroT Smagailovis magaliTebi, rom SmagailovSCina
rac SeiZleba meti iyos. Cven amis winaaRmdegi varT. me vambob, msaju­
li iyo eri, xalxi, saqarTvelos demokratia, saqarTvelos xalxi, is
xalxi vinc gamoacxada damoukidebloba, Tqven mogcaT da Cvenc mogvca
ufleba da saSvaleba aq visxdeT da vikanonmdebloT. is iyo msajuli.
Tqven eWvi gebadebaT. fiqrobT, rom isini, Cveni mtrebi, arian revoli­
ucionerebi. Cven ki _ kontr-revoliucionerebi. es sxva azria. Cven
viciT, vin arian revoliucionerebi, da vin arian kontr-revoliucio­
nerebi. isic viciT, Tu rogor epyrobodnen Cvens uflebebs es pirebi,
romelTac ase uxamuSod icavT. me mgonia isini arian kontr-revoli­
ucionerebi, visac Tqven icavT. isini arian mebrZolni eris TviT ga­
morkvevis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ibrZvian. kargaT iciT
Tqven, rom yvela frontze iyvnen isini, yovelgan ibrZodnen. ai imaT
Cven ar mivcemT nebas, rac unda moewonoT Cveni samSoblo saqarTvelo,
(viciT, rom moswonT), ver mivcemT nebas, rom iyvnen Cveni moqalaqeni.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda miviRoT iseTi staJi, iseTi pirobebi, iseTi
cxrili, romelic aucilebeli iqneba maTi Cven moqalaqeebaT miRebi­
saTvis. es aris mokled Cveni pasuxi. saerTod unda mogaxsenoT, rom
kritika seriozuli ar iyo. Cven amas saerTo principialur mosazre­
biT mogaxsenebT. rac Seexeba kerZo meore sakiTxs, rom SesaZlebelia
marTlac raime CaumatoT ama Tu im muxlSi, an gamovakloT wvrilmani
ram, es iqneba Semdeg. dRes ki is Cveni SexedviT aucileblad misaRe­
bia, aucileblad respublikisa da demokratiisTvis. anti-saxelmwi­
foebrivi Sexeduloba visac unda daicvas, visac ar unda saqarTvelo,
saqarTvelos demokratia, _ ai iman unda misces xma baton gobeCias
mier Semotanil kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRm­
degi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin. maSasadame es
kanon-proeqti gadaideba Semdeg sxdomisTvis, romelzedac SemTxveva
gveqneba ganvixiloT es kanon-proeqti muxlobriv.
Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis Semosavlis
gasaZliereblad zogierTi zomebis miRebisa. momxsenebels vTxov
waikiTxos.

443
meore muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa xazinis
gasaZliereblad zomebis miRebisa.

d. oniaSvili (momxsenebeli) kiTxulobs 1 muxls.


damfuZnebeli kreba muxls ucvlelad iRebs. ucvlelad miRebu­
lia agreTve meore muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs mesame muxls)
Tavmjdomare. mesame muxlSi aseTi Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili
social-demokratiul fraqciis mier. daematos mesame muxls „sasof­
lo krebis“ Semdeg „an wvrili saerobo xmosnebis yriloba.~
mesame muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs guruls.
z. guruli. (s.-d.) iseTi wesi, rom sasoflo krebis mier iqnes es
sakiTxi ganxiluli, SeiZleba iq, sadac wvrili erTeulebi jer ar
mowyobilan, magram, sadac erobis wvrili erTeuli mowyobilia, iq
yvela is sakiTxi gadadis am wvril erTeulis xmosanTa yrilobis kom­
petenciaSi.
amitom social-demokratiuli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva si­
tyvebs „sasoflo krebis Semdeg“, Caematos sityvebi: „an wvril saero­
bo xmosnebis yriloba“.
SeiZleboda pirvelis sul waSla da damatebiT dakmayofileba, ma­
gram radganac wvrili erTeuli, Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT, jer yvel­
gan ar aris amorCeuli, da soflad aseT kiTxvis praqtikulad dadgena
SeuZlebelia, Cven winadadebas viZleviT darCes „sasoflo kreba“ da
Caematos „wvrili saerobo xmosnebis yriloba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am Sesworebis Sesaxeb? aravis. momx­
senebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. es Sesworeba arsebiTi ar aris, ubralo damatebaa
da sruliad ar scvlis mesame muxlis Sinaarss. amitom me viReb am Ses­
worebas.
Tavmjdomare. sxva Sesworeba Semotanili ar gaxlavT, amitom me
kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT.
kenWis yriT miRebuli iqna 4, 5, 6, 7 muxlebi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs merve muxls).
Tavmjdomare. merve muxlSi Sesworeba aris Semotanili so­
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier. Sesworeba moiTxovs, rom muxli­
dan amoiSalos sityvebi „yvela Zveli gadasaxadebi sasoflo mamuleb­
ze gamoricxuli saxazino angariSebidan“.
am Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs guruls.
z. guruli (s.-d.). saqme imaSi gaxlavT, rom erTi nawili gadasaxa­
debisa, romelic aqamdi unda gadaexadaT glexebs, aris gadaxdili da
meore nawili ki ar aris. ese igi gadaixada erTma nawilma, meorem ara.
exla dRes, rom es, egred wodebuli, „nedoimkebi“ gavauqmoT, gamodis,
rom daisjeba is, vinc gadaixada gadasaxadi, vinc ufro patiosnad
moiqca, vinc Tavis droze Seitana gadasaxadi xazinaSi. mxolod isini,

444
vinc ama Tu im saxiT, ama Tu im gziT, dRemdis aicdines gadasaxadebis
Setana, imaT moiges. es SemdegisTvisac glaxa aRmzrdelobiT STabe­
Wdilebas dastovebs. Tu ise davakanonebT, rom erTgvar vadis Semdeg
„nedoimkebi“ gauqmdeba xolme, bevri miva im daskvnamde, rom unda da­
icados erTi-ori weliwadi, unda gaeqces xarjT-amkreflebs da mere
mTavroba gamoacxadebs, rom es napativebia. es ki dabadebs imas, rom
bevri imaTgani, vinc aqamdisin ixdida patiosnurad gadasaxadebs,
awi Seecdeba, rom mezobels mihbaZos. Zvel dros iyvnen erTi rigis
gadamxdelebi, romelnic uyurebdnen, rom mefes daebadeba vaJi da
manifestiT yvela gadasaxdebs gvapatiebs da unda movicadoTo. ma­
gram unda mogaxsenoT, rom es mocileba SeuZliaT mxolod zogierT
nawilebs. Zvelad, magaliTad, amas axerxebdnen ufro memamuleebi,
vinaidan xarjT-amkrefni da boqaulebi ufro karg ganwyobilebaSi
iyvnen maTTan. glexebs ki arbevdnen, kidevac rom ar gadaexadaT qv­
abebs waarTmevdnen da iZulebulni iyvnen gadaexadaT. Cven vfiqrobT:
safinanso komisias rom gavyveT, ara dadebiTi aRmzrdelobiTi ele­
ments SevitanT sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amitom Cven winaaRmdegi
varT am damatebisa. unda darCes ise, rogorc iyo safinanso saminis­
tros mier Semotanili da unda amoiSalos am muxlidan es sityvebi
(kiTxulobs): „yvela Zveli gadasaxadebi sasoflo mamulebze gamor­
icxulia saxazino angariSebidan“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me am Sesworebis winaaRmdegi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba
miRebuli gaxlavT. uyri kenWs merve muxls mTlianad. vin aris winaaRm­
degi? muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mecxre da meaTe muxlebs, romelic kre­
bis mier iqna miRebuli).
Tavmjdomare. meTerTmete muxlSi Semotanilia Sesworeba so­
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier. am Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuT­
vnis baton guruls.
z. guruli. rogorc kanon-proeqtidan xedavT, ibegreba ZiriTadi
Tanxa, amitom social-demokratiul fraqcias 400% bevrad miaCnia. es
gadasaxadi Zalian Seaferxebs ZiriTad Tanxas da xelis Sewyobis ma­
givrad xels SeuSlis mis ganviTarebas. amitom social-demokrati­
uli fraqcia winadadebas iZleva, rom 400% magivrad aviRoT 200%.
Tavmjdomare. agreTve unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi gancxadeba finan­
sTa ministrisa (kiTxulobs finansTa ministris gancxadebas. finansTa
ministri eTanxmeba s.-d. Sesworebas). vis surs sityva? aravis.
d. oniaSvili. am procentebis Sesaxeb iyo safinanso komisiaSi
laparaki da iqac xmebi gaiyo. erTni iyvnen momxreni 200 procentisa,
meoreni 400 proc-sa.
radganac aq Tanxaze aris laparaki da ara mogebaze, 400 proc.
cota mZime unda iyos.

445
me, Cemis mxriv winaaRmdegi ara var im Sesworebisa, romelic Se­
motanilia social-demokratiul fraqciis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba miRebu­
li gaxlavT.
uyri kenWs muxls mTlianad. vin aris winaaRmdegi? muxli miRebu­
li gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 da 21 mux­
ls, romelnic kenWis yriT miRebul iqmnen).
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT social-demokratiul fraqci­
isa, rom bolo muxlad daematos Semdegi: „kanoni ese Sedis ZalaSi
dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier“. vTxov damatebis Sesaxeb
momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi damatebisa? aravin.
gTxovT cxrilebi waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs cxrilebs nawilobriv).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi? es ricxvi
miRebulia. kanon-proeqtisa mTlianad vin aris winaaRmdegi? kanon-­
proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi
sakiTxi gaxlavT gagrZeleba msjelobisa eserebis fraqciis Sinagan
saqmeTa ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo, adeiSvilis moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Rlonts.

gagrZeleba msjelobisa soc.-rev. fraqc. Sinagan saqmeTa


ministrisadmi SekiTxvis gamo, quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis
miliciis ufrosis adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb.

Tevdore Rlonti. (s.-f.) fraqciis davalebiT unda mogaxsenoT


Semdegi:
rogorc mogexsenebaT, pirvelad okribis samwuxaro ambebis Sem­
deg, vrceli angariSi iyo moTavsebuli „saxalxo saqmeSi“. maSinve dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrebma da sxva amxanagebma sTxoves mTavrobas, rom
dauyovnebliv zomebi yofiliyo miRebuli. esec moxda. sazogadoebam
gaigo, rom meore dResve, dauyonebliv, mTavrobis warmomadgenelma
daniSna sagangebo komisia. es komisia gagzavnili iyo okribis sazoga­
doebaSi, da TiTon Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moxsenebis da ganmartebis
Semdeg Tqven dainaxeT, rac iyo aRniSnuli da rac Seadgenda Sinaarss
eserebis SekiTxvaSi aRniSnul sakiTxis Sesaxeb, yoveli braldeba mar­
Tali iyo. TiTon ministris ganmartebidan viciT, rom gacilebiT met­
ic moxda, rom gacilebiT meti yofila samwuxaro SemTxveva, romelic
iyo moyvanili SekiTxvis ganmartebis dros. gacilebiT meti iyo imaze,
rac gazeTebSi aRniSnuli iyo. ai, exla Cven kidev SevkribeT mTeli
rigi faqtebisa, romelic erTnair atmosferas qmnian am saqmis garSe­

446
mo. magram, rodesac es faqtebi uaryofili ar aris, zedmetia amaze
laparaki.
mxolod unda vsTqvaT Semdegi: damfuZnebel krebisagan amorCeul­
ma mTavrobam erTi pasuxi gasca am ambebze. is TiTon aRSfoTebuli
aris am ambebis gamo, da iseTi zomebi miiRo, romelic am sakiTxs, am
faqts Seefereba. rasakvirvelia am faqtma sazogado wreebSiac gamoi­
wvia aRSfoTeba. aseTive aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia damfuZnebel krebaSi,
mTavrobis wreebSi, sadac aseTi saSualebiT risime garigeba demokra­
tiul respublikaSi SeuZleblad aris miCneuli. es aris azri, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebisa ise mTavrobisa. aseTi Zaladoba, romelsac adg­
ili hqonda okribaSi, iyo sistema Zvel droisa. bevri gvetyvis, rom
axal respublikam ver SesZlo administratiuli aparatis mowyoba,
rom ai amisTana faqtebs CvenSi adgili aqvs, aqvs gasavali da niadagi.
winaT, rodesac sxva sistema iyo mmarTvelobisa, es iyo ara mmarTvelo­
ba SemTxveviTi, aramed es iyo sistema mTavrobisa. aravis ar gahkvir­
vebia rom guriaSi, imereTSi adgili hqonda aseT Zaladobas, aravis
ar ukvirda mTavrobis moqmedeba, imitom, rom aseTi Zaladoba, ase­
Ti politika iyo safuZveli Zvel reJimisa. exla aRSfoTebuli aris
sinidisi sazogadoebisa, imitom rom es aris marTla samwuxaro SemTx­
veva, da ar aris miCneuli, rogorc sistema saadministracio meqaniz­
misa. da Cven vambobT, rom es sazogadoebrivi moTxovnileba, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebisa ise sazogadoebisa, unda daedvas safuZvlad Cven
administraciis gaumjobesebas. Cven gardamaval xanaSi, Cven admin­
istraciis an sruliad ganwmendaze, an reorganizaciaze _ laparaki
Znelia. ramdenadac laparaki advilia, imdenad Sesruleba Znelia. es
yvelas esmis, gansakuTrebiT im opoziciis xalxs, romelsac ewodeba
pasuxis mgebeli opozicia. ara sabrZolvelad Cven vacxadebT, rom ise­
Ti SemTxveva, romelsac adgili hqonda okribaSi, SeiZleba moxdes sxva
adgilebSiac, da xdeba kidec. „saxalxo gazeTs“ mosdis mTeli rigi
werilebisa aseT moqmedebis Sesaxeb. Cven rasakvirvelia, aseT ambebs
ver gamoviyenebT, da arc gamoviyenebT SekiTxvis saganaT, radganac
darwmunebuli varT, rom mTavroba TiTon ibrZvis amis winaaRmdeg, da
TiTon aRSfoTebuli aris aseTi SemTxvevebiT. Cven aseTi Sexeduleba
gvaqs amis Sesaxeb. mTavrobas vsTxovT, rom iseT SemTxvevebSi, miiRos
dauyonebliv zomebi, rom aseTi administratorebi ar iyvnen saTave­
Si Cayenebuli, rom saqarTveloSi aseTi praqtika ar gaxdes sistemad.
Cven gvaqvs cnobebi, rom adeiSvili aris samsaxuridan gadayenebu­
li, da daWerilic. Cven TiTon gvqonda SemTxveva umaRles adminis­
traciis warmomadgenlis moqmedebis duSeTis mazraSi, erTi ukanono
gamosvlis Sesaxeb me mivmarTe Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, da man pira­
dad me miTxra, rom iqac iqneba iseTive zomebi miRebuli, da marTlac
gazeTebSi vkiTxulob, rom meore dResve gamoZieba iyo daniSnuli.
mxolod, meore dResve gavigeT, rom iq erTi polkovniki, romelsac
edeboda brali erT moqmedebaSi, isic gadayenebuli iyo. ase rom, Cven

447
gvaqvs faqtebi imisa, rom aseTi ukanono upasuxismgeblo gamosvlebs,
Cven respublikaSi gasavali ar eqneba. es imas niSnavs, rom sazogado,
organizaciis principebs, racionalur principis mixedviT mowyobas,
safuZveli aqvs Cayrili. da erobebi romlis xelSiac gadadis adminis­
traciis mowyoba, mTavrobis politikas da survils gasavali eqneba
adgilobriv erobebis muSaobis meoxebiT. CvenTvis es sakiTxi sadao,
da sapolitiko ar aris.
Cven mxolod im azrs vacxadebT, rom yvela fraqcias, romelic
amisTana faqtebs aRniSnavs, Cven mxars davuWerT, rom amisTana SemTx­
vevebs adgili aRar hqondes Cven cxovrebaSi da iseTi pirebi, ro­
goric aris adeiSvili unda iyvnen dasjilni. mxolod xalxi, radga­
nac dazaralebulia qonebriv, ueWvelad unda iyos dakmayofilebuli
qonebiTve. imitom, rom mTavrobas araviTari ganzraxva ar hqonda aseT
eqspediciis gagzavna.
vimeoreb, is administraciis warmomadgeneli, romelmac aseTi
eqspedicia moawyo, ueWvelad dasjili unda iyos, erTis mxriv, da meo­
res mxriv, xalxi unda iyos anazRaurebuli im zaralisgan, romelic
am eqspediciam miayena. sazogadod administraciis Sesaxeb unda vTqva
_ mZimea rasakvirvelia xalxisTvis, romelic sisxls Rvris frontze,
mZimea xalxisTvis, rodesac administratori, TiTon xalxis mier ar­
Ceuli mTavrobis warmomadgeneli upasuxismgeblo moqmedebas eweva.
soflisTvis es mZimea, autaneli. magram es aixsneba imiT, rom TiTon
is, administracia CvenSi Sesdgeba iseT elementebisagan, romelnic ar
arian im grZnobiT gamsWvalulni, rom isini grZnobdnen, rom ganageben
saqarTvelos saqmes. Cven gvinda, rom administraciis umaRlesma or­
ganom miaqcios gansakuTrebuli yuradReba imas, rom am inkvizicias,
am cema-tyepas, iseT faqtebs, rogoric okribaSi iyo, ar hqondes adgi­
li sxvagan. me amas imitom vambob, rom TiTon tflisSi gamigonia TviT
miliciis ufrosisagan, rom exla iseT mdgomareobaSi vimyofebiT,
rom Zveli gza, mxolod es Zveli gza aris aucilebeli gza Cveni moq­
medebisa, Cveni saxelmwifoebriv aparatis gasamagreblado. magram Cven
vfiqrobT, rom aseTi gza ar aris is gza, romelic gaaumjobesebs Cvens
mdgomareobas da administratiul aparats gaamagrebs. piriqiT, Zal­
adobis politika gamoiwvevs SiSs, undoblobas, prostracias. amitom
Zaladobis gziT ver vivliT; Tu aseT politikas marTla eqneba adgili,
ueWvelad aseTi borotmomqmedni unda iyvnen dasjilni dauyovnebliv.
garda amisa TiTon miliciaSi mosamsaxures Tu ar movepyariT,
rogorc moqalaqes, yovlad SeuZlebelia maTi damokidebuleba mcx­
ovrebTan iyos moqalaqeobrivi. araviTari aRzrda, araviTari gamoc­
dileba miliciis mosamsaxureebs ara aqvT. Zveli administratorebi
uaryofilia, axlebi ar varganan. jer aris mxolod energia. magram
es energia unda movaqcioT sistemaSi, miliciis xalxi unda aRizard­
os gonebrivad, zneobrivad, rom xalxs iseTi warmodgena ar hqondes
miliciis moxeleebze, rogorc policielebze. Tu Cven maSasadame, ad­

448
ministraciis moxeleebs davayenebT gonebrivad, zneobrivad da yovel
mxriv maRla, es im obieqtiur mdgomareobas Seqmnis, rom amisTana avan­
tiuristul gamosvlebs, romelsac hqonda adgili okribaSi, _ Semdeg­
Si adgili ar eqneba.
Cveni fraqciis moTxovnilebaa, rom am mxriv, damfuZnebel krebam
da mTavrobam yvela amas yuradReba miaqcios.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs maWavarians.
ioseb maWavariani (er.-dem.) batonebo, okribis darbeva _ ra aris
es SedarebiT saqarTvelos darbevasTan? is, rac gadaurCa saqarTve­
losagan ruseTis mtarval mTavrobas da Semdeg ruseTis revoliuci­
is qarcecxls, _ am cota ramedanac, ara romelime partiam, ara rome­
lime mTavrobam, aramed qarTveli eris Zlierma SemoqmedebiTma Zalam
Sehqmna es patara, uflebriv saxelmwifos mgzavsi, demokratiuli re­
spublika saqarTvelosi, saiTkenac dangreul ruseTis TiTqmis yvela
kuTxidan da osmaleTidan iltvoda da iltvian mravalni gadmoxve­
wilni, raTa Tavi Seafaron aq da suli moiTqvan. magram, rodesac Cvens
miwa wyalze gamoZRebian, _ yvelaze ar vlaparakob, saxeSi myavs didi
umravlesoba maTi, rodesac Tavis garecxil Subls ganigrileben da
suls moibruneben, umaduris sibraziT es gadmoxvewilni Cvenve gve­
muqrebian, Cvenve gvebrZvian. exlac mravali mteri Semogvsevia. dam­
Seul turebiviT Semogvcqerian da monatris suliskveTebiT elian
Cvens arsebobis mospobas.
aseT pirobebSi myofs yovel Segnebul qarTvels metad uZneldeba
Tavisive mTavrobis winaaRmdeg galaSqreba. magram, rodesac dRidan
dRe, kviridan kviramde, Tvidan Tvemde Senis TvaliT uyureb, rom xe­
lmZRvanelebis meoxebiT Cveni samSoblos Tavisufleba daavadebulia,
rodesac xedav, rom mTavrobis Secdomebi ki ar aCereben am avadmyo­
fobis process, aramed arTuleben, aCqareben mas da qmnian TiTqmis
sikvdilis saSiSroebas, _ unda iTqvas is, rac saTqmelia, dasafaravi
araferi rCeba. rCeba mxolod erTi imedi: SecodebaTa mxeliT, Sec­
domaTa droze SegnebiT, yovel mZlavr adamians, yovel mZlavr mTav­
robas SeuZlia saqmis kidev gamosworeba da ara sasurvel movlenaTa
Tavidan acdena.
SekiTxvam, okribis darbevis Sesaxeb, axada farda da dagvanaxva
mxolod nawili im uwesoebis morevisa, romelSiac Cveni administra­
cia esoden xSirad axrCobs saxelmwifoebriv wesierebas. is, rac moxda
okribaSi, xdeba TiTqmis yoveldRe, ama Tu im saxiT, saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze, dawyebuli borCalos mazridan Savi zRvis napirebamde.
miliciaSi gamefebuli uwesoeba, udieroba, carcva, qurdoba,
meqrTameoba, iseTi aRviraxsniloba, rom ubralo milicioneri bedavs
da Cvenis ndobiT aRWurvil ministrsac ki ar erideba. gana es yvelas­
aTvis cxadi ar aris, gana amas mtkiceba unda? mere rad xdeba es? imisT­
vis, rom erovnul Rirsebas, erovnul Tavmoyvareobas, samSoblos siy­
varuls, patriotizmis kults CvenSi qurumni ar uvargian.

449
marto milicia ar aris damnaSave. damnaSavea yoveli is saxelmwifo
manqanis nawili, romlis moSliloba da uvargisoba anareklad gada­
dis miliciaze. damnaSavea yvela is, vinc xels uwyobs da hqmnis iseT
niadags, romelzedac SesaZlebeli xdeba aseT uwesoebis aRmoceneba.
rodesac miliciis kadris Seqmnis dros xelmZRvaneloben partiul
TvalsazrisiT, rodesac amave mizniT arsebobs da ganagebs saqmes pro­
fesionaluri kavSiri, rodesac mospobilia principi umcros-ufro­
sobisa, rodesac yoveli milicioneri darwmunebulia, rom is pasuxs
ar agebs, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, Znelad daisjeba, Tu gabatonebul par­
tias Tavi Seafara, _ maSin wesierebis damyareba yovlad SeuZlebelia.
aramc Tu saministroebis, aramed yvela dawesebulebebis mowyoba-mow­
esrigebis dros, gana partiuli elementi dRemde gadamwyvet rols ar
TamaSobs? gana Tfilisis miliciis ufrosis Setakebam profesional­
ur kavSirTan cota ziani miayena, rogorc milicias, ise qveyanas? gana
principi umcros-ufrosobis daculi aris miliciaSi? an iqneba miTx­
ran, rom romelime milicioners eSinian pasuxisgebisa. iseT saxelmwi­
foSi, sadac Zegvis xidis amfeTqeblebic ki pasuxs ar ageben, Znelad Tu
vismes SeeSindeba pasuxisgebis, miT umetes milicias.
gaixseneT samxedro ministris moxseneba, romelic man warmoud­
gina am tribunidan parlaments somxebTan omis dros. Turme sami Tu
oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi omis dawyebamde, sanam mteri esoden mou­
lodnelad da veragulad Tavs dagvesxmeboda, somxebi borCaloSi
ukve aSenebdnen mTel savele cixe-simagreebs; akeTebdnen Txrilebs,
swvrTnidnen jariskacebs da moxaliseTa razmebs. da yoveli es xde­
boda Cveni administraciis Tvalwin. sad iyo maSin borCalos komisa­
ri? ras uyurebda borCalos milicia, an da Tbilisis guberniis ko­
misari? Tu isinic arxeinad isxdnen TavianT savarZlebSi da elodnen,
_ gazeTis furclebi rodis mogvawvdian cnobebsao? SesaZlebelia
gana uflebriv saxelmwifoSi, rom aseTi daudevroba miliciisa, ase­
Ti borotmoqmedeba komisarisa sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dausjeli
darCes? me ki jer ar msmenia, rom romelime komisari, an milicioneri
aseT aRmaSfoTebel borotmoqmedebisaTvis pasuxisgebaSi iyos mice­
muli. moigoneT meore magaliTi. damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebis
dros, TianeTis mazris komisarma sruliad ukanonoT, usafuZvloT
daapatimra ori udanaSaulo piri _ gelovani da burduli, erovnul-
demokratebis partiis warmomadgenelni (niniZe: yaCaRebi iyvnen).
didis cdis, mraval Txovnis Semdeg TviT Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma
Tanaxmad sasamarTlos wevris kobiaSvilis moxsenebisa, romelsac
hqonda mindobili sastiki gamoZieba amis Sesaxeb, gaanTavisufla ge­
lovani da burdulic. merwmuneT, ar gaanTavisuflebden maT, rom
isini yaCaRebi yofiliyvnen. me ar Sevexebi imas, Tu riT xelmZRvan­
elobda TianeTis komisari. undoda imas, rom arCevnebis dros Tav­
idan moeSorebina mowinaaRmdege partiis warmomadgenelni, rogorc
gavleniani pirni am mazraSi, Tu sxva ram piradi ganzraxva hqonda.

450
aRvniSnav mxolod faqts: TianeTis komisarma Tavisufal respublik­
is moqalaqes ahyara misi uaRresi ufleba da, rogorc avazaki, Caag­
do cixeSi. mere aseTis saqcielisaTvis _ moqalaqis Tavisuflebis ase
udierad da ukanonod mospobisaTvis, TiTon komisari pasuxisgebaSi
aris micemuli? ara, da Tqven gnebavT, rom milicionerebs eSinodeT
pasuxisgebisa? maT rom es SiSi hqonodaT, gana qalaq foTSi moqalaqee­
bi Cavardebodnen im mdgomareobaSi, romelzedac amas winad mogviTx­
robdnen gazeTebSi? gana TfilisSi Cven SevqmnidiT iseT mdgomareo­
bas, romelic suls gvixuTavs da, rogorc gareSe saqmeTa ministrma
ganacxada guSin aq, gadagvkida ingliselebs, vinaidan sikvdiliT das­
jilni avazakni erTi saxlidan meore saxlSi ver migviyvania? maT rom
SiSi hqonodaT pasuxismgeblobisa, gana Cven gasadevni da dasapatim­
rebeli gagvixdeboda TiTqmis mTeli sisxlis samarTlis milicia?
aqamdis ver xedavden, rom es milicia bude yofila borotebis da ara
wesierebisa? gana is guSin daibada? sad iyvnen aqamdis? milicias rom
SiSi hqondes pasuxisgebis, adeiSvili da misi razmi gana gabedavden
imis Cadenas, rac Caidines okribaSi? rasakvirvelia ara.
da rodesac am SekiTxvis sapasuxod gamobrZanda aq Sinagan saqme­
Ta ministri, me mgonia, is obieqtiurad gaaSuqebda namdvils mizezs
okribis darbevisas. magram baton ministris pasuxi, moulodnelad da
samwuxarod, yovlad umweo iyo. umweo iyo imis Tavis marTleba imaSi,
rom 7 aprilidan 27 aprilamde mas SeZlebac ar hqonda raime zomebi
mieRo, vinaidan „saxalxo gazeTma“ mxolod 26 aprils ineba am ambebis
gamoqveyneba Tavis furclebze.
sCans, Cven Sinagan saqmeTa saministros ar hqonia sxva wyaro, gaze­
Tis cnobebis garda, sxva saSualeba imis gasagebad, Tu ra xdeba mis sa­
brZanebelSi. umweo iyo agreTve ministris axsna im mizezebisa, romel­
mac gamoiwvia okribis darbeva. Turme, nu ityviT, damnaSave yofila
okribis aznauroba. rodesac adeiSvili Tavis razmiT mivida okrib­
aSio, brZana batonma ministrma, am razms SeuerTda ramdenime warmo­
madgeneli adgilobriv privilegiur wodebis, e. i. aznaurebi da imaT
zegavleniT moxda es borotmoqmedebao.
Cven, rom miviRoT aseTi sistema ara sasurvel movlenebis axs­
naSi, gamodis rom, magaliTad, Cvenma mTavrobam, RmerTma daifaros
igi, _ da rame borotmoqmedeba Caidinos eris winaSe, Cven maSin unda
vsTqvaT, rom mTavrobam es boroteba Caidina imisTvis, rom yvela Cven
ministrebSi da maT TanaSemweebSi, ori Tu sami kacis garda, suyvela
aznauriSvilebi arian. ra SuaSia aq aznauroba? mere isic _ okribis
Tavad-aznauroba, aba vis gaugia? okribis aznauri, jer revoliuci­
amde, TiTqmis ar ganirCeoda glexisagan da warmoidgineT, ra iqneba
exla okribis aznauroba? magram es xom dromoWmuli Cveuleba aris,
Zveli xerxi Cveni social-demokratebisa. crumorwmune adamians rame
ubedureba rom daatydeba Tavze, is yovelTvis abralebs amas eSmaks an
faTeraks, Cveni social-demokratebi ki yovelive ubedurebas CvenSi

451
abraleben Tavad-aznaurobas. Tu es saWiro iyo revoliuciis pirvel
dReebSi, _ isic partiisaTvis da ara qveynisTvis, dRes privilegiur
wodebaze laparaki srulebiT zedmeti aris. sad, an romel okribaSi
naxa b. ministrma iseTi Tavadoba, iseTi aznauroba, romelTac aqvT
„sasaxleebi“, „aivanebi“. iseTi STabeWdileba dastova b-n ministris
moxsenebam, rom aznaurebi gamomdgaran okribaSi TavianT aivnebze
wvimian dReSi, zevidan dascqerian glexTa yrilobas da eubnebian: nu
agvirCevT Tqven warmomadgenlebaT, e. i. nu gvcemT aseT pativso. miTx­
ariT sad, romel saqarTvelos kuTxeSi ginaxavT Tqven, rom am revoli­
uciis xanaSi glexebi kalTas aglejden aznaurebs, Tqveni WirimeT,
usaTuod Cvens warmomadgenlebad Tqven unda agirCioTo. es, dagveTanx­
mebiT, dasajerebeli ar aris. (xma: ver gagigiaT). me mSvenivrad gavige,
da kargi iqneba, rom Tqvenc gaigebdeT rames. Tu okribis aznaurobam
moawyo es saqme, riT aixsneba is, rom adeiSvilis razmma pirvel rigSi
Caayena 71 wlis moxuci vinme kaxiZe da, rogorc b-nma ministrma dagvi­
suraTa, Camohkida xeze da gaamaTraxa. kaxiZe xom aznauri aris. (xma:
ar vicodiT es). mxolod ucodinarobas SeuZlia warmoSvas movlenaTa
aseTi axsna. b. ministris sityviT gamodis, rom okribis aznaurebma im
rigad moawyes saqme TavianT aivnebze, rom upirveles yovlisa Tavi­
sive aznauri gaaSoltines. gogolis erTi gmiri ki ambobs, rom unter
oficeris colma Tavis Tavi TviTon gawkeplao. magram, Tu aseTi sabu­
TiT Cven aq mogvindomebden darwmunebas, es swored ar megona.
nuTu Tqven ggoniaT, rom aseTi meTodiT, aseTi xerxiT amyarebT we­
sierebas? ara, Tqven aRrmavebT uwesoebas, imitom rom aseTis axsniT,
aseTis Tqveni codvis sxvaze gadataniT aZlevT masalas yovel Tqven
propagandists da yovel milicioners, rom sTqvaT: Cven mSvenivrebi
varT, CvenSi yvelaferi kargad aris mowyobili, magram Tu raime uwe­
soeba xdeba, amaSi damnaSave aris an okribis aznauroba, anda, vsTqvT,
moxisis Tavadobao.
magram davujeroT b. ministris moxsenebas. warmovidginoT, rom
okribis aznaurobam iseTi gavlena iqonia mTavrobis miliciaze, iseT
mdgomareobaSi Caayena, rom aiZula es milicia, raTa mas Caedina aseTi
aRmaSfoTebeli borotmoqmedeba. aqedan ra daskvnis gamotana SeiZle­
ba? mxolod erTis, rom Cvens mTavrobas ar hqonia mowyobili admin­
istratiuli aparati, ar hyolia iseTi milicia, romelsac SeeZlos
demokratiul respublikis interesebis Rirseulad dacva im umniS­
vnelo Zalis borotganzraxvisaganac ki, rogoric aris okribis az­
nauroba. miT uaresi mTavrobisaTvis.
aseT mosazrebiT, aseT sabuTebiT gamosvla damfuZnebel krebis
winaSe, b-no ministro, arc saxelmwifo interesebs, arc Tqven mzeobas
ar ekadreba.
mTavroba, romelsac mTeli Tavis gonebis gamWriaxobiT gaTval­
iswinebuli aqvs naTlad macocxlebeli saWiroebani Tavis erisa,
mTavroba, romelsac mTeli Tavis grZnobiT swyuria da mTeli Tavis

452
energiiT mowadinebuli aris daamyaros wesrigi da ganamtkicos Tavi­
sufali cxovreba Tavis eris, arasodes ar Sedrkeba araviTar faqtis
winaSe, da kidevac damnaSave Tu aris mTavroba, Tavis codvebs okribis
aznaurobas ki ar gadaabralebs, aramed gulaxdilad aRiarebs eris
winaSe Tavis danaSauls. imitom, rom amas moiTxovs saxelmwifos in­
teresi. imitom, rom aseTi gulaxdiloba, aseTi Segneba Tavis Secdo­
misa aris upirvelesi da umtkicesi sawindari imis, rom mTavroba Sem­
degSi mainc gamoasworebs rac gamosasworebelia da aacilebs Tavidan
ers im ara sasurvel movlenebs, romelnic Sav aCrdilebad dRemdis
dastrialebden saqarTvelos damoukideblobas da mis Tavisuflebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris n. b. ramiSvilis gancxadeba.

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! is samwuxaro ambavi, ro­


melic datrialda okribis mxareSi, me ar megona rom gaxdeboda sa­
gnad, mTavrobis winaaRmdeg aseTi gamolaSqrebisa.
marTalia, Cven vicodiT, rom damfuZnebel krebaSi arian partie­
bi, romelnic ukmayofiloebi arian mTavrobis saerTo xaziT, magram
erTSi viyavi darwmunebuli, rom yovelive kritika, mimarTuli mTav­
robis winaaRmdeg, _ me mqonda amis sabuTi mefiqrna, rom yovelive
kritika, mimarTuli mTavrobis winaaRmdeg iqneboda agebuli faqteb­
ze, da me unda gadaWriT ganvacxado, rom umTavresi debuleba, rome­
lic iyo wamoyenebuli Cvens winaaRmdeg, sruliad ar Seefereba sinam­
dviles. jer aq gadaWriT ganacxades, rom yvelgan, yvela moqmedebaSi
mTavrobisa, Tqven xedavT partiul elements. me unda vsTqva, rom amis
dasamtkiceblaT aq ver wamoayenes verc erTi sabuTi. (xmauroba) da
amis sabuTs verc b. maWavariani, verc misi partia, da me vityvi, verc
erTi wevri damfuZnebel krebisa, ver wamoayenebs. vinaidan ama Tu
im Tanamdebobis daniSvnis dros, Cven, manam, sanam administratiul
pirebis daniSvna iyo Cven xelT, da ara erobis, arasodes ar vxelmZR­
vanelobdiT partiul mosazrebiT. rom es ase aris, me mgonia es icis
yvelam, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, b. maWavariani, an imis partia inebeb­
da erT sawinaaRmdego faqtis moyvanas. (kedia: bevrs!) Tu moiyvanT ma­
Sin mogaxsenebT.
marTlac, erTad erTi sabuTi, romelic iyo moyvanili es, Seexo
Semdeg garemoebas, _ marTlac friad daiteresebuli iyo erovnul-­
demokratiis partia im ambebiT, romelic datrialda TianeTis mazra­
Si. es unda ganvacxado aq, rom sixaruli, am partiisa yovel SemTxveva­
Si, naadrevi iyo. marTlac, TianeTis mazraSi daatusaRes gelovani
da burduli, romelnic Semdeg, roca es saqme gadaeca gamomZiebels
da man ver dainaxa maTi moqmedebaSi veraviTari borot-moqmedeba, _
gaanTavisufla. miuxedavad amisa, me aq kategoriulad vacxadeb, rom

453
erTi da meore piric damnaSave arian TianeTis komisariatze Tav­
dasxmaSi. es moxda im dros, roca Cven vawarmoebdiT brZolas duSe­
Tis ajanyebulebis winaaRmdeg. (xma: ratom pasuxisgebaSi ar mieciT?)
mogaxsenebT amis Sesaxeb. me mgoni rom aCqareba saWiro ar aris, es saqme
gadaeca gamomZiebels, Tu gamomZebelma ver monaxa, Cven SegviZlian
amis Sesaxeb kiTxva davsvaT dRes Tu ara xval mainc, da am saqmes kanon­
ieri msvleloba miecema. me gadaWriT vacxadeb, rom marTla es moxda,
marTla isini damnaSave arian, da amis winaaRmdeg ramdenadac me vici,
arc b. gvazava aris, romelic CvenTan modioda da acxadebda, (xma: ra­
tom gauSviT?) (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT, nu laparakobT adgilidan,
nu uSliT.
n. b. ramiSvili. roca romelime piris moqmedeba gadaecema ga­
momZiebels da is anTavisuflebs, me rogorc ministrs ar maqvs, Tu
raime gansakuTrebuli pirobebi ar aris, ar maqvs arc saSualeba, arc
raime ufleba mis winaaRmdeg miviRo administratiuli zomebi. ma­
gram me darwmunebuli var, am pirebis winaaRmdeg saqme gaTavebuli ar
aris da piruTvneli samsjavro Tavis msjavrs gamoitans ase Tu ise.
me megona, rom am SekiTxvis Sesaxeb Cven movismendiT erT gancxadebas:
_ ra unda gaekeTebina mTavrobas am samwuxaro moqmedebis, Tanamde­
bobis pirTa mier dauSvebel moqmedebis winaaRmdeg. ai erTad-erTi
normaluri msvleloba am sakiTxisa. me unda ganvacxado, Tu marTlac
am mxriv saqmes miudgebodiT, aSkara aris, rom mTavrobam gaakeTa is,
ris gakeTebac mas SeeZlo. marTlac man miiRo, mimarTa administra­
tiul zomebs, vinaidan yvela es damnaSave pirebi, yvela datusaRebu­
li arian administratiul wesiT, magram es moxda imitom rom, Cvenda
saubedurod, saerTod Cven jer iseT pirobebSi vimyofebiT, rom sa­
samarTlos aparati ar aris imdenad moqnili, rom SeeZlos yvela im
saqmeebs misces wesieri msvleloba. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom adminis­
tracia da milicia gadaeca erobas, es misi mowyoba erobaTa saqmea. me
aq ar Seudgebi imis ganxilvas, Tu ra gakeTda am mxriv saerobo TviT­
mmarTvelobis mier. magram mTavroba valdebulia, rac miiRo parla­
mentma _ aasrulos. Cven, rasakvirvelia, araviTari ufleba ar gvqon­
da, rom am adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis uflebaSi CavreodiT. Cven
gvqonda erTad-erTi ufleba kontrolisa da Semdeg, ama Tu im damna­
Savis winaaRmdeg zomebis miRebisa da Cven es miviReT, da me vambob,
am mxriv Cveni vali savsebiT moxdili aris. magram aq saerTo sakiTxs
misces ufro farTo xasiaTi, rasakvirvelia yvela partias aqvs iseTi
ufleba, yoveli kerZo SemTxveva man warmoidginos rogorc sistema
marTva-gamgeobisa, magram Tu ki Tqven marTlac am niadagze dadgebiT,
aucilebeli Sesaferi sabuTebic unda warmoadginoT. es sabuTebi, me
marTali unda vsTqva, ver vixile, garda imisa, rom xSirad ama Tu im
milicionerTa winaaRmdeg Cven viRebT Sesafer zomebs, mag. tfilis­
Si, es amtkicebs imas, rom marTalac aris miRebuli zomebi tfilisis

454
miliciis gasajansaReblad. es ki Tqven gamoiyeneT mTavrobis winaaRm­
deg gamosvlisTvis. me Tqven gekiTxebiT: ra uflebiT? (xma: ratom aqa­
mdisin ar iyo miRebuli zomebi?) ukacravad, Tqven iciT albad, rom
milicia iyo savsebiT qalaq tfilisis TviTmmarTvelobis gankargule­
baSi. es kanoni, romelzedac me mogaxseneT, romliTac Cven xelSi gad­
movida meTvalyureoba da zogierTi zomebis miReba. es mxolod ori
Tve aris da ai, am xnis ganmavlobaSi, rom marTla Cven gvqonoda saqme
keTilsinidisier mowinaaRmdegesTan, is Semoitanda SekiTxvas, _ Tu
ra zomebi miiRo qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam am miliciis winaaRmdeg.
es me mesmis, amas eqneboda mniSvneloba, amas eqneboda marTla xasiaTi
keTilsinidisierad dayenebul sakiTxisa. magram me vambob, es Tqven, ra­
sakvirvelia, ar moimoqmedeT. magram exla, roca marTla Cven vxedavT,
rom am miliciis gajansaRebisTvis miRebulia seriozuli zomebi, rom
marTlac is elementebi, romelic Sxamavdnen ara marto adgilobriv
atmosferas, aramed xels uSlidnen Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebis
normalur msvlelobas, maT winaaRmdeg marTla aris miRebuli zome­
bi, isini datusaRebulni arian. da Tqven aseTi faqti, adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobis da ramodenime mTavrobis moqmedebisa gamogaqvT,
rogorc sabuTi mTavrobis sawinaaRmdegoT. me Tqven gekiTxebiT: _ ra
sabuTiT, ra uflebis ZaliT?
es SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rom marTlac Tqven gqondeT
utyuari sabuTi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom rac xdeba, romelime dawe­
sebuleba, aris is umaRlesi mTavroba Tu adgilobrivi organoebi,
xels afareben. me ki unda mogaxsenoT, rom ar yofila arc erTi SemTx­
veva, rom romelime borotmoqmedebis winaaRmdeg Cven ar migveRo us­
astikesi zomebi. marTalia, SeiZleba es seriozuli sabuTi iyos Cve­
ni azriT, rom es razmi gaigzavna 7 aprils, Cven ki zomebi miviReT
27 aprils. magram Tqven iciT, rom adgilobriv okribis samwuxaro
ambebis Sesaxeb, Cvenma warmomadgenelma miiRo zomebi 17 aprils. Sei­
Zleba marTalia, rom ar aris Cveni aparati moqnili, me mesmis, rom
amis Sesaxeb kidev SeiZleba msjeloba, magram imis mtkiceba, TiTqos
meqrTameoba gamefebuli aris, rogorc sistema, rogorc aq iyo wamos­
rolili, me mgoni amis Tqma ar SeuZlian damfuZnebel krebis arc erT
wevrs. TiTqos gamefebuli aris iseTi mdgomareoba, roca borotmoq­
medeba dausjeli rCeba; me mgoni amis dasamtkiceblad Tqven verc erT
sabuTs ver moiyvanT, vinaidan ar yofila arc erTi SemTxvevac, rom
raime borotmoqmedeba gamomJRavnebuliyo da Cven ar migveRo Ses­
aferi zomebi. es xdeba ara marto aq, TbilisSi, aramed es xdeba mTel
Cvens respublikis farglebSi.
amitom me aq unda vsTqva: mTavrobis movaleoba am saqmeSi mxolod
erTad erTia; Tu ki Cven ar gvinda, ar gvsurs davarRvioT is kanoni,
romelic miRebulia parlamentis mier, Cven movaleobas Seadgenda
umaRlesi meTvalyureoba; roca romelime borotmoqmedeba Cadenili
aris, amis winaaRmdeg miviRoT zomebi, da es zomebi ukve miRebulia.

455
Tu Cven, mTavrobas SegveZlo migveRo sxva winaswari zomebi, es me me­
smis. aq laparakobda federalistebis warmomadgeneli. diax, amas aqvs
mniSvneloba, aseT zomebis miRebas, magram aqedan im daskvnis gamota­
na, rac Tqven aq ilaparakeT, am daskvnis gamotana, rom Cven vinaidan
ver SevZeliT borotmoqmedebis Tavidan acileba, borotmoqmedebisa,
romelic Caidina ama Tu im moxelem, _ ar avasruleT Tvisi movaleoba,
sruliad uniadagoa.
Tavmjdomare. msjeloba dasrulebuli gaxlavT. Semotanilia ba­
raTi krebis wevris nucubiZesi. igi iTxovs meore sityvas im saganze,
romelzedac laparaki iyo. reglamentSi gaxlavT muxli, sadac Semde­
gi sweria: (kiTxulobs) yovel orators garda momxsenebelisa erTsa
da imave saganze SeuZlian ilaparakos mxolod erTxel.
am muxlis ZaliT, rodesac me miviRe baton nucubiZis gancxadeba,
me mas vacnobe, rom mas sakiTxze laparaki ar SeuZlia da sityva ga­
dasces vismes Tavis fraqciis orators. (xmauroba).
reglamentis darRvevis Sesaxeb Tu gnebavT _ mobrZandiT.
ilia nucubiZe (s.-r.) reglamentis mesame nawili msjelobis wesSi
marTlac sweria: (kiTxulobs) yovel orators garda momxsenebelisa,
erTsa da imave saganze SeuZlian ilaparakos mxolod erTxel.
magram aq koreqtiuli Secdoma unda iyos. reglamentSi iyo erTi
muxli, rom SemkiTxvels SeuZlian laparaki orjer, es miviReT Cven
reglamentSi.
amas garda, rogorc mogexsenebaT aris muxli, romlis Tanaxmad,
mTavrobis gancxadebis Semdeg orators SeuZlian xelaxlad aiRos
sityva.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom SeiZleba marTlac Secdoma
iyos, ar vici, magram me xelT maqvs is teqsti, romelic dabeWdili iyo.
advili SesaZlebelia, rom Secdoma iyos. me ar vici neba miboZeT, raki
es garkveuli ar aris mivce sityva baton nucubiZes. mobrZandiT.
sityva ekuTvnis nucubiZes,
ilia nucubiZe. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cven SekiTxvas ori mizani hqonda: erTi konkretiuli da meore
ufro farTo _ politikuri. pirveli _ gadagveSala damfuZnebeli
krebisa da sazogadoebis winaSe is barbarosoba, romelic quTaisis
sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosma adeiSvilma okribis mxareSi
Caidina, rom mTavrobas Sesaferisi zomebi mieRo borotmomqmedTa wi­
naaRmdeg.
meore _ gagvexada damfuZnebel krebis msjelobis obieqtad admin­
istraciis mouwyobloba. SekiTxvis orive mizani savsebiT miRweulia,
ase rom SekiTxva amowurulaT unda CaiTvalos, amitom me sityvas ar
gavagrZeleb. unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, bevri ar damrCa salapara­
ko gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom aravin sawinaaRmdegos ar amtkicebs.
im sabuTebs, romelic me xelT maqvs, kidev daumata b. ministrma axali
sabuTebi, romliTac cxadyo, rom marTlac did barbarosobas qonda

456
adgili okribis mxareSi. da rodesac me baton ministrs movaxsene, rom
27 aprilamdi araviTari zomebi ar yofila miRebuli borotmoqmed­
Ta winaaRmdegTqo, pasuxaT miviRe Semdegi: administracia ar aris
moqnili da amitom 20 dRes ganmavlobaSi ar gvqonda SeZleba zome­
bi migveRovo. ase rom aqac b. ministrma Tavis siuZlure aRiara da am
SemTxvevaSi Cven sakamaTo araferi gvaqvs. me minda mxolod oriode si­
tyva mogaxsenoT saerTod administraciis mouwyoblobis Sesaxeb. es
sakiTxi metad seriozuli sakiTxia. am sakiTxs me aq ar davawvrilmaneb
ise, rogorc es opoziciis warmomadgenelma marjvnidan qna. me ufro
ZiriTadaT minda sakiTxi davayeno. Cvenis azriT es administraciis
mouwyobloba umTavresad gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom saerTod
areulia Cveni cxovreba, areulia saxalxo meurneoba. me xazs usvam,
batonebo, im garemoebas, rom cxovrebis xangrZlivma ryevam, saerTo
arevdarevam Seqmna gansakuTrebuli patologiuri tipebi. am tipebis
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi Semdegia: maTTvis araviTari Rirebuleba
ar arsebobs, TviT sicocxle maTTvis araraa. eseni ganusazRvreli en­
ergiiT, magram masTan umiznoT, aqeT-iqiT exeTqebian. maT ar aqvT das­
ayrdnobi wertili, sulis navTsayudeli. da ai es elementebi sCadian
iseT borotebas, rogorsac normaluri adamiani ver Caidens. Tundac
is borotmoqmedeba, romelsac okribaSi hqonda adgili, aSkaraT ar
mowmobs, rom misi Camdenni suliT daavadebulni iyvnen?! aseT patolo­
giuri elementebi bevrni arian dRes, saerTo arev-darevis xanaSi. ma­
gram ra eSveleba mdgomareobas, Tu ase seriozulia is, Tu ase Rrma
mizezi Cvens winaSe wamoWril anormal movlenisa? aseT SemTxvevebSi
zerele zomebi saqmes ver uSvelis. saWiroa TviT saTavis gajansaReba,
rom iqedan Rvria da bacilebianma wyalma ar idinos.
Cveni social-politikuri cxovrebis saTave metad mowamlulia da
TviT Cveni mTavrobis saerTo xazi xels uwyobs am anormal mdgomare­
obis gauaresebas. Cvens mTavrobas axasiaTebs orWofi politika. Cveni
mTavroba or skamze zis: mas surs demokratias emsaxuros da burJua­
ziis interesebic daicvas. es Seusabamobaa. am Seusabamobidan Seusa­
bamo politikac gamodis. Seusabamo politika ki amefebs cxovrebaSi
Seusabamo mdgomareobas. marTlac, gana SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom
demokratia iyos politikurad batoni da ekonomiurad mona? war­
moudgenelia, magram es CvenSi faqtia da am Seusabamobas cxovrebis
loRika saswrafoT gaasworebs: an demokratia politikurad batoni
ekonomiuradac gabatondeba, an dauTmobs Tavis alags ufro Zlier
klass. sxva gamosavali ar aris. (xma: SekiTxvasTan ra kavSiri aqvs?) me
mogaxseneT, batonebo, rom administraciis mouwyobloba da sxva aseTi
anormaloba gamomdinareobs ZiriTadi mizezidan _ mTavrobis poli­
tikis saerTo xazidan, es xazi ki Tavis mxriv aSenebulia demokratiis
rolis yalb gageba-dafasebaze da ai, swored amitom mogaxsenebT me
mTavrobis saerTo politikaze, romelsac pirdapir politikur da
ekonomiur ganadgurebisaken mivyevarT.

457
saWiroa am Waobis amoSroba, Torem bacilebi mudam iqneba da Cveni
cxovrebac moSxamuli da daavadebuli. mTavrobis exlandeli politi­
ka mizans ver miaRwevs, radgan, rogorc mogaxseneT, yalb debulebidan
gamomdinareobs. am garemoebisaTvis Cven bevrjer gagvisvams xazi da
exlac usvamT, radgan arsebuli mdgomareoba ufskrulisaken migvaqa­
nebs. da momavali dagvanaxebs marTali iyo Tu ara Cveni Sexeduleba.
Cven vamtkicebT, rom xsna saxalxo meurneobis ayvavebaSia, magram
es ayvaveba Zveli separatiuli gziT SeuZlebelia, umravlesobis par­
tia ki aseT gzas adgia, burJuaziis ganmtkicebis gzas. (xmauroba. ar
ismis oratori) burJuazia ki xalxisaTvis arafers qmnis, Cven xalxi
unda gavamtkicoT da ara burJuazia. unda uqnaT mobilizacia xalx­
is energias da is koleqtiur Semoqmedebisaken mivmarToT. rac Seex­
eba burJuaziis ganmtkicebis gzas, romelsac social-demokratia
adgia, es gza Semcdari da mavnebelia. sad da rodis gagonila, rom
romelime klass Tvisi mopirdapire klasis interesebis sasargeblod
Segnebulad da aqtiurad emoqmedos?! es cxovrebis kanonebs ewinaaRm­
degeba. da es arc CvenSi gaxdeba SesaZlebeli. amitom gabatonebulma
partiam unda Sescvalos Tavisi politika, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas
aucilebeli damarcxeba moelis. yovelive amasTan unda movigonoT,
rom burJuaziis simdidre eris simdidre ar aris, rom burJuazia
eris mteria. moigoneT _ revoliuciis Semdeg Cveni memamuleebi raRac
kavSirebs abamden osmalos mTavrobasTan (xmauroba, xma: sicruea! ar
ismis oratori). moigoneT safrangeTis didi revoliucia, memamule
emigrantebis SeTqmuloba mis winaaRmdeg, moigoneT denikin-miliu­
kovebi, romlebic samSoblos interesebis winaaRmdeg ucxo qveynis
imperialistebs iwveven (gvazava adgilidan: eg fantaziaa!) fantazia
ki ara, faqtia, batonebo! faqtia, batonebo, isic, rom burJuaziis da
eris interesebi erTi da igive araa. piriqiT burJuaziis simdidre
eris siRatakea da radganac es asea, Tu soc.-dem. burJuaziis samsax­
urze xeli ar aiRo, mas gariyavs da social-demokratuli mTavroba
verc administracias moawyobs da verc cxovrebas moagvarebs.
vimeorebT, saWiroa Cveni cxovrebis ZiriTadi gadaxaliseba, miT
umetes dRes, rodesac mTeli evropa am gadaxalisebis gzas adgia. Tu
aqeTken ar iqna mimarTuli mTavrobis politika, kidev vimeorebT, is,
ueWvelia, ganwirulia.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.

Tavmjdomare. exla 3 saaTze meti gaxlavT. winadadeba aris erTi


saaTiT gagrZeldes sxdoma, ese igi 4 saaTamde. kenWs uyri am winadade­
bas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? winadadeba miRebulia.
gTxovT Semosuli formulebi waikiTxoT.
mdivani (kiTxulobs):

458
soc-demokrat. formula.

„moismina ra SekiTxva okribaSi saidumlo miliciis ufrosis


adeiSvilis ukanono moqmedebis Sesaxeb da mTavrobis ganmarteba,
damfuZnebeli kreba acxadebs, rom igi dakmayofilebulia damnaSave­
Ta winaaRmdeg mTavrobis mier kanonieri zomebis miRebiT da darw­
munebulia, rom mTavroba yovel kanonier saSvalebas ixmars, rom ad­
ministraciis moxeleTa TviTnebobas da borot-moqmedebas momavalSi
adgili ara qondes, gadadis morig sakiTxze“.

soc.-revoliuc. formula.

„moismina ra mTavrobisadmi SekiTxva adeiSvilis razmis moq­


medebis Sesaxeb da mTavrobis gammarteba masze, damfuZnebeli kreba
adgens:
1) moxdes saswrafo gamoZieba adeiSvilis razmis moqmedebis Ses­
axeb okribis raionSi borot-momqmedTa aRmosaCenad da maT pasuxis
gebaSi misacemad,
2) dakmayofilebul iqnes adeiSvilis razmis moqmedebiT nivTi­
erad dazaralebulni mTavrobis 10 mil. fondidan, da
3) dauyonebliv ganTavisuflebuli iqnes is pirebi, romelnic
usa­marTlod dapatimrebulni arian adeiSvilis razmis mier.
Tavmjdomare. me am formulebs kenWs uyri im rigiT, ra rigiTac
Semosuli aris. vis surs sityva formulebis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin
aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi soc.-demokratebis formulisa? vin aris
momxre? Tavi vin Seikava? miRebulia s.-d. formula.
Semdeg gaxlavT kanon-proeqti saxazino rkinis gzebis mosamsax­
ureTaTvis jamagiris momatebisa. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevrs WavWaniZes.

kanon-proeqti saxazino rkinis gzebis


mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebisa.

ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno, es kanon-proeqti Seexeba rkinis gzis


mosamsaxureTa jamagiris momatebas.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom ukanaskneli momateba rkinis gzis mo­
samsaxureTa jamagirebisa iyo 31 ianvars; mas Semdeg 4 1/2 Tveze meti
gavida da am xnis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda fasebi sur­
saTis da sxva pirvel moTxovnilebis saqonlis. aRniSnul momatebas
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom momateba minimaluri iyo, exlandel
cxovrebisTvis Zalian mcireT unda CaiTvalos, da ai im mosazrebiT,
rom am jamagirebiT cxovreba pirdapir SeuZlebeli gaxda, am uwyebam

459
Semoitana axali kanon-proeqti rkinis gzebze mosamsaxureTaTvis jam­
agiris gadidebisa. saerTod is wesi jamagirebis momatebisa, romelic
dRemde aris miRebuli, saministros miaCnia uxerxulad da urigoT; am
Sexedulebis aris sabiujeto komisiac. winandel sistemiT kvalifi­
ciuri muSebi TiTqmis arafriT ar ganisazRvrebian Sav muSebisagan,
da es saerTod did zians ayenebs saqmis rigianaT wayvanas. rogorc
specialuri codnis muSebi, ise kvalificiuri muSebi scdiloben sx­
vagan eZion samuSao da am gziT gaiumjobeson nivTieri mdgomareo­
ba. Cven mezobel aderbeijanis respublikis rkinis gzaze jamagirebi
gacilebiT ufro meti aris, vinem CvenSi. amiT aixsneba is, rom muSebi,
romelnic CvenTvis aucilebeli saWiro arian, stoveben Cvens gzebs da
gadadian azerbaijanis an somxis rkinis gzebzed. rom es garemoeba ro­
gorme yofiliyo Tavidan acilebuli, uwyebam gamoimuSava minimaluri
momatebebi jamagirebisa, rom Cveni gzis mosamsaxureebis jamagirebi
daaxloveboda azerbaijanis da somxeTis rkinis gzis mosamsaxureebis
jamagirebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba aqvs miqceuli swored kval­
ificiur muSebs; am kanon-proeqtiT amaTi jamagirebiT uaxlovdebian
aderbaijanis gzebze mosamsaxure kvalificiur muSebis jamagirebs.
jamagirebis momateba gamomuSavebulia Semdegi sistemiT: yvela mo­
samsaxureni gayofili arian or nawilaT: pirveli nawili, es dabali
mosamsaxureni, dayofili arian 14 kategoriaT; da meore nawili, es
ufro maRali mosamsaxureni, am kanon-proeqtiT iyofebian 14 xarisx­
aT. dabal mosamsaxureebis kategoriebaT dayofa miRebuli iyo par­
lamentis mier, xolo maRal xarisxis mosamsaxureebis 14 xarisxaT day­
ofis proeqti Tan axlavs am axal kanon-proeqts.
jamagirebis momateba moxda Semdegis wesiT: aRebulia ZiriTadi
jamagirebi da es ukanaskneli aris procentiulad gadidebuli. pir­
veli kategoriis mosamsaxure, romlis ZiriTadi jamagiri udrida 183
man. da 75 kap. is momatebiT miiRebs sul 694 man. da 67 kap. an da pro­
centiulad rom vsTqvaT 178 % mimatebuli; me-7 kategoria, romelsac
ZiriTadi jamagiri hqonda 341 m. momatebulia 665 man. da 44 k., sul
miiRebs 1006 man. da 69 k., % rom aviRoT 195% Seadgens. ukanaskneli
kategoria muSebisa, romelTa ZiriTadi jamagiri 495 man. udris, mo­
matebiT miiRebs sul 1287 man. rac Seadgens 160%-is momatebas. mo­
mateba im mosamsaxureebis, romelnic kategoriis gareSe arian da ro­
melnic saministros 14 xarisxad dauyvia, aseTi aris: pirvel xarisxis
mosamsaxuris ZiriTadi jamagiri iyo 550 man, maT moematebaT 770 man.
sul miiRebs 1320 man. ukanasknel xarisxSi meore nawilisa Sedis mx­
olod gzaTa departamentis umfrosi, misi jamagiris momatebiT Sead­
gens sul 2790 man. am kanon-proeqts Tan axlavs nusxa, xarisxebaT day­
ofisa, pirvel xarisxSi Sedian (kiTxulobs):

460
1 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa nawilis dargSi _ CamorTmeul qonebis


saqmeTa gamge agenti, sadgur baTumisa da foTis ufrosebi, Sua cexebis
umcires jamagiriani gamgeebi, tipo-litografiis gamgis TanaSemwe.

2 xarisxSi:

sadgur tfilisis ufrosi, moZraobis revizori, sakomercio naw­


ilis revizor-instruqtori, saliandago da SenobaTa nawilis texni­
kur ganyofilebis inJeneri, qsenonis eqimebi, sammarTvelos iuriskon­
sultis umcrosi TanaSemweebi.

3 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa nawilis buxhalteri, saeqsploatacio


nawilis buxhalteri, Sua cexebis udides jamagiriani gamge, mTavar
buxhalteris umcrosi TanaSemwe.

4 xarisxSi:

didi cexebis gamgeni, sasanitaro eqimi, saavadmyofos eqimi, ub­


nis eqimi, tipo-litografiis ufrosi, saSemosavlo nawilis aRmricx­
vel-saangariSo ganyofilebis ufrosi.

5 xarisxSi:

sameqaniko da saliandago nawilebis ubanTa umcires jamagiriani


ufrosebi, saliandago nawilis texnikur ganyofilebis ufrosi in­
Jeneri, satelegrafo qselis gamge.

6 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa da sameqaniko nawilebis saSualo jama­


giriani ufrosebi, moZraobis ufrosi revizori, samasalo nawilis
ufrosi revizori, mTavar buxhalteris ufrosi TanaSemwe, iuris­
konsultis ufrosi TanaSemwe, sadostaqro saavadmyofos gamge
prozeqtori.

7 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa da sameqaniko nawilebis ubanTa udides


jamagiriani ufrosebi, kancelariis mmarTveli, saeloqtrono nawi­
lis gamge, sameqaniko nawilis texnikur ganyofilebis ufrosi, saeqsp­

461
loatacio nawilis texnikur ganmkargulebel ganyofilebis gamge,
sanavTsadeno nawilis ufrosis TanaSemwe, saSemosavlo nawilis
ufrosis TanaSemwe.

8 xarisxSi:

mTavar saxelosnoebis ufrosi TanaSemwe, tfilisis saavadmyofos


gamge.

9 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa nawilis texnikur ganyofilebis ufrosi,


vagonTa ganyofilebis ufrosi.

10 xarisxSi:

gzaTa ufrosTan sagangebo mindobilebaTa inJeneri, salianda­


go da SenobaTa nawilis ufrosis TanaSemwe, eqsploataciis moZrao­
bis nawilis ufrosis TanaSemwe, eqsploataciis sakomercio nawilis
ufrosis TanaSemwe, orTqlmavalTa ganyofilebis ufrosi, samasalo
ganyofilebis ufrosi.

11 xarisxSi:

mTavar saxelosnoebis ufrosi, mTavari buxhalteri, saSemosavlo


nawilis ufrosi, iuriskonsulti, navTsadenis nawilis ufrosi, sam­
kurnalo nawilis ufrosi.

12 xarisxSi:

saliandago da SenobaTa nawilis ufrosi, saeqsploatacio da


sameqaniko nawilebis ufrosebi.

13 xarisxSi:

gzaTa ufrosis TanaSemwe.

14 xarisxSi:

gzaTa ufrosi.

462
ai, aseTnairad arian danawilebuli ufrosi mosamsaxureebi. am
kanon-proeqtiT momateba sul Seadgens 20226735 man. saministros aqvs
daaxlovebiT gamorkveuli Semosavali rkinis gzisa da misi xarjebi.
am angariSis mixedviT rkinis gza daaxlovebiT mogvcems 13 milions
deficits. kanon-proeqtze TandarTul ganmartebiTi furcelSi samin­
istros aqvs CamoTvlili zomebi, romlebic saSualebas miscemen gzaTa
uwyebas sagrZnoblad Seamciros eg deficiti. aqve unda mogaxsenoT,
rom gzaTa uwyebas azrad aqvs gamoimuSavos norma imisa, Tu ramdeni
saTbobi masala undeba orTqlmavals, ramdens daswvavs normalur
pirobebSi _ normalur muSaobis dros. exlandel droSi Cveni rkinis
gza Zalian bevr navTs ixarjavs, daaxlovebiT 600,000 fuTs TveSi. nor­
malur pirobebSi ki 300,000 f. iqneba sakmarisi. miiRes ra mxedveloba­
Si zemoxsenebuli sabiujeto da gzaTa komisiebma, am kanon-proeqtis
miReba SesaZleblad scnes.

gzaTa departamentis direqtoris b. WiWinaZis moxseneba.

gzaTa ministris mindobilobiT pativi maqvs movaxseno damfuZneb­


el krebas zogierTi ganmartebani kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb. amas saW­
irod vscnobT Cven imitom, rom saqarTvelos rkinis gzebis Sesaxeb
gavrcelebulia sazogadoebaSi ara swori cnobebi da es erTgvar gak­
virvebas iwvevs.
ZiriTadi mizezi am momatebisa mogaxsenaT exla damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevrma, amitom dawvrilebiT amaze ar mogaxsenebT, mxolod vityvi,
rom am momatebis magivrad gzaTa uwyeba mowadinebuli iyo sxva zomebi
exmara da misi imedebi iyo damyarebuli im purze, romelsac dagvpird­
en ucxoelebi; maT unda miecaT rkinis gzisTvis 30 vagoni Tviurad.
es raodenoba, rasakvirvelia, Seamcirebda im kriziss, romelic aris
exla siZviris gamo. ukamaToa, rom es siZvire sagrZnoblad gaizarda
ukanasknel 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. magram, samwuxarod, es imedebi ar
gamarTlda, ucxoelebma uari sTqves amden raodenobaze da gvaZleven
mxolod 9 vagons, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, rom rkinis gzis mosam­
saxureebi saxazino gzaze Seadgenen 13,000 kacs, maTi ojaxebi TiTqmis
60,000 axweven, es raodenoba 1/5 girvanqa purs purs miscemda TiTos da
es, rasakvirvelia, ver gaaumjobesebs maT mdgomareobas. amitom Cven
iZulebulni viyaviT marTlac migvemarTa im aucilebel da samwuxaro
saSualebisTvis, romelic gamoixateba jamagirebis momatebaSi. garda
am mizezisa, unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom ganrigeba jamagirebisa, romel­
ic arsebobs rkinis gzaze, ewinaaRmdegeba im texnikur moTxovnilebebs,
romlebsac gviyenebs Cven sazogadod yovelgvari texnikuri warmoe­
ba. es ganrigeba kategoriebaT, 14 kategoriaT dayofa moxda im dros,
rodesac yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo am sakiTxis ise gamorkveva, rogorc
saWiro iyo, da arc gamocdileba iyo amaSi. es xdeboda im dros, rode­

463
sac eSelonebi midiodnen aqedan da amitom, rasakvirvelia, daCqare­
biT iyo gatarebuli es ganrigeba, rom erTgvari wesrigi yofiliyo
SemoRebuli rkinis gzaze. umTavresi nakli am ganrigebisa aris is, rom
masSi ar aris jerovani Sefaseba im kvalificiur muSebisa, romelnic
mowyvetilni arian sofels da amrigad saWiroeben met sazogadoebas,
vidre dabal kategoriis muSebi, romelnic liandagzed muSaoben da
amrigad sofelTan arian dakavSirebulni. kvalificiuri muSebi, ro­
melnic 10 wlobiT muSaobdnen xolme, iZulebulni arian daanebon Tavi
samsaxurs, midian, rogorc mogexsenebaT Tqven, mezobel azerbaijanis
rkinis gzaze, sadac ufro Zneli pirobebis gamo, jamagiri ufro iyo
momatebuli. ukanasknel dros, am wasvlam nametani masiuri xasiaTi
miiRo. Cven ukve davkargeT mravali kvalificiuri muSa saxelosnoSi
da es, rasakvirvelia, did zians miayenebs Cven rkinis gzas Tu amis wi­
naaRmdeg ar iqneba miRebuli zomebi. ZiriTadi debuleba jamagirebis
axal momatebisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom am klasificiur muSebs da
agreTve mosamsaxureebs, radganac aseTive mdgomareobaSi aris erTi
nawili ufrosi mosamsaxureebisac, egredwodebuli specialistebi,
romelnic muSaoben umTavresad saxelosnos cexebSi, an gamgeobaSi, da
romelnic agreTve mowyvetilni arian sofels da amitom maTi mdgo­
mareoba SedarebiT uaresia, vidre imaTi, vinc liandagze msaxuroben
_ imaTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisTvis jamagirebi dauaxlovdes
aderbeijanis rkinis gzis jamagirebs, rasakvirvelia, im SesworebiT,
rom aderbeijanis pirobebi Cven pirobebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ua­
resi arian. es mtkicdeba imiT, rom iq ufro did jamagirzedac ar mid­
ian Cveni mosamsaxureebi. amitom aseTi Sesworeba SemovitaneT Cven im
kategoriis pirebisTvis, romlebzedac aq ukve moaxsenes damfuZnebel
krebas, rom sadac iwyoba klasificiuri muSebi, ese igi meSvide kat­
egoriidan da es jamagirebi uaxlovdeba aderbaijanis jamagirebs.
ase midis 14 kategoriamdi da pirveli xarisxidan meoTxemdi, xolo
umaRlesi mosamsaxureebi isev ufro nakleb jamagirebs Rebuloben,
vidre aderbaijanis rkinis gzaze. magaliTad, SemiZlian vsTqva, rom
muSa pirvel kategoriisa iRebs Cveni proeqtiT 694 man., azerbaijanSi
ki 830 man. pirvel da meore kategorias, umTavresad liandagis muSe­
bi Seadgenen. magaliTad meore kategoriaSi iricxeba 3331 kaci. maT
Soris 2300 kaci, egredwodebuli remontis muSebi. ese igi liandag­
ze momuSavarni da isini, rogorc mogaxseneT cxovroben soflebis
siaxloves, zogierTi sakuTari saxlis siaxloves. amaT, magaliTad,
meore kategoriiT, ergebodaT aderbaijanis gzis wesiT, ergebaT gac­
ilebiT meti vidre Cveni kanon-proeqtiT. es gansxvaveba imitom aris,
rom Seudarebelia pirobebi samsaxurisa, magaliTad evlaxis raion­
Si da suramis gadasavalze, an Tundac imereTSi, an aq goris mazraSi.
rac Seexeba kvalificiur muSebs aq gansxvaveba naklebia. aviRoT meaTe
kategoria, aq aris warmodgenili Tviurad 750 man. aderbaijanis rki­
nis gzaze imave kategoriisTvis aris 892 maneTi, 14 kategoriisTvis

464
aq aris 1287 maneTi, aderbaijanis rkinis gzaze aris 1327 maneTi. aq
daaxlovebiT 5 Tumnamde aris gansxvaveba. rac Seexeba umaRles agen­
tebs, aq gansxvaveba izrdeba, aviRoT magaliTad me 14-xarisxi, gzebis
ufros azerbaijanSi aqvs 3240 man. aq aris ganzraxuli 2790 man. am
rigad zemoxsenebul principze aris aSenebuli es momateba jamagire­
bisa. rogorc mogexsenebaT, kategoriis gareSe myofi mosamsaxureebi
mxolod exla nawildebian kategoriebaT da momateba amdens eZlevaT
imave principiT, rogorc kategoriaSi myof mosamsaxureebs, ZiriTadi
jamagiri iseve, rogorc iyo SemoRebuli kategoriaSi myof mosamsax­
ureebisTvis. kanonSi aris aRebuli safuZvlad da amisgan droebiTi
momateba warmosdgeba rogorc procenti. pirvel kategoriisTvis mo­
mateba aris 14 procenti, me-14-te kategoriisTvis 55 proc., xolo Zir­
iTadi jamagiri me-14-te kategoriisTvis aris 1800 man., pirvelisTvis
ki _ 550 maneTi.
rodesac es kanon-proeqti muSavdeboda gzaTa uwyebaSi Sromis
saministrosTan erTad, upirveles yovlisa, rasakvirvelia, gavCer­
diT im sakiTxze, rom es kategoriebaT dayofva ar aris iseTi, ro­
goric unda iyos, radganac erT da imave kategoriaSi imyofebian iseTi
momuSaveni, romelTa Sedareba muSaobis mxriv yovlad SeuZlebelia.
magram, am sakiTxis gadawyveta exla, rodesac siZviris gamo marTlac
Zviri Seiqna cxovreba, da arsebul jamagirebis moumateblad datove­
ba am gadawyvetamdi yovlad SeuZlebelia. amisTvis saWiro aris didi
muSaoba, romelic exla swarmoebs da saWiro aris, rom es sakiTxi ganx­
iluli iqnes, rogorc administraciisagan, agreTve awon-dawonili
iqnes imaTganac, romelTac exeboda aseTi kategoriebaT dayofva. exla
arsebuli dayofva moxda amisTana TanamSromlobiT, uamisod Znelia
cxovrebaSi gatareba da did ukmayofilebas gamoiwvevs, radganac Cven
Tu daCqarebiT vimuSaveT, ver SevZlebT mis asrulebas jerovanad. ro­
gorc mogaxseneT, es muSaoba warmoebs exla.
rodesac Cven momatebis variantebs vaTvalierebdiT, Cven rasak­
virvelia xelvmZRvanelobdiT garda im mosazrebaTa, romlebzedac
mogaxseneT, imiTac, SegviZlia Tu ara Cven momateba iseTi, rom rkinis
gza mTlianad ar daiRupos da momatebam ar gamoiwvios imdeni xar­
jebi, romelTa dafarvis araviTari imedi gveqneba. rasakvirvelia,
amisaTvis aris advili zoma, es aris tarifis momateba, magram es unda
iyos ukiduresi zoma, rodesac yoveli sxva saSualeba _ zoma amowuru­
li iqneba. Cven varCieT da amovirCieT is varianti momatebisa, romel­
ic erT mxriv Seumsubuqebs siZvires cxovrebisas, magram, garda amisa,
SesaZlebelia, rom rogorme es xarjebi TviTon gaswios rkinis gzam da
ar gamoiwvios xelaxali beWdva fulisa. varianti, romelzedac Cven
gavCerdiT, iwvevs zedmet xarjs 43 1/2 milion maneTs damatebiTi imi­
sa, rac aris. unda mogaxsenoT, rom mTeli xarjT-aRricxva saxazino
rkinis gzebisa, sanamdi 31 ianvris kanoniT gavadidebdiT jamagirebs,
Seicavda mTlianad 181 milion maneTs. amas unda daumatoT zogierTi

465
is xarjebi, romelic ar iyo Setanili aq, radganac apirebdnen zogi­
erTi nawilis sxva saministroebisTvis gadacemas. es aris rkinis gzis
milicia, romlis xarjebs exlac istumrebs rkinis gza, samoswavlo
nawili da sxva, ese igi xarjebi, romelnic Seadgenen daaxlovebiT 3
milion maneTs. 31 ianvris kanonis ZaliT amas moemata 20 milioni mane­
Ti. amis Semdeg, rodesac es kanoni iqneba miRebuli, da masSi Seswore­
ba araferi iqneba, Cven gveqneba sul rkinis gzis gasavali 244 maneTi
daaxlovebiT. rodesac gasavalze vlaparakobT yovelTvis saWiroa
vicodeT is, rac Semogvaqvs da amas viTvaliswinebdiT Cven, rodesac
am variantze vCerdebodiT. Semosavali im cnobebiT, romelic winas­
war Cven gvaqvs. me unda avxsna, ratom vxmarobT sityvas „winaswari“,
imitom, rom uwindeli wesiT am Semosavlis angariSi SeuZlebelia.
uwindel droSi xmarobdnen statistikas sami oTxi wlis ganmavloba­
Si da amisda gvarad iangariSebdnen xolme Semosavals. exla ki iZu­
lebuli varT, dRevandeli cxovrebiT vixelmZRvaneloT, radganac
mdgomareoba umjobesdeba da izrdeba Semosavali. Cven ar SegviZlian
vixelvmZRvaneloT SarSandeli statistikiT, Cven unda vixelvmZR­
vaneloT imiT, rasac vxedavT dRes. is cifrebi, romelTac mogaxsenebT
arian damyarebuli im statistikur cnobebze, romelnic moxdenilia
am bolo TveebSi. Cven imedi gvaqvs Tu ar gaumjobesdeba uaresad saqme
ar iqneba da es cifrebi gamarTldebian. Semosavali mgzavrebisagan
miviReT 68.400.000 maneTi. bargisagan da did siCqaris saqonlisagan
9.600.000 man. saqonlis gadazidvaSi, iqve Sedis samxedro gadazidvac,
104.500.000 maneTi, damatebiTi Semosavali, sadguris gadasaxadebi
21.630.000 maneTi, sxva da sxva Semosavali 1.870.000 man. sul 206 milioni
maneTi aris. magram amis garda arsebobs droebiTi samxedro gadasaxa­
di rkinis gzaze, romelic mgzavrebis gadazidvaSi iZleva 19.500.000
maneTs, da tvirTis gadazidvaSi 5.500.000 maneTs, amrigad mTeli Se­
mosavali rkinis gzaze aris 231 mil. man. ese igi deficiti arsebul
pirobebSi, romelic gvaqvs exla aris 13 milioni maneTi. am deficitis
dafarvis Sesaxeb, rasakvirvelia, miRebuli gvaqvs zogierTi zomebi
da vimedovnebT, rom dafaruli iqneba es deficiti. rasakvirvelia
unda mivmarToT Statebis Semcirebas imitom, rom, TavisTavad cxadia,
rom 13.000 kaci mosamsaxure rkinis gzaze, romelic Seicavs 720 verss,
ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos normalur movlenaT. magram arc is SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, rom es Semokleba SeiZleba moxdes 2-3 dReSi. TandaTan muSao­
bis gaumjobeseba mogvcems amas; sxva da sxva zomebis miReba, nayofi­
erebasac aswevs da usaTuod muSebis ricxvi Semcirdeba. garda amisa
unda Seicvalos psixologia im rkinis gzisa, romelic gadavida saqa­
rTvelos mTavrobis xelSi. psixologia es iyo saxazino rkinis gzis
psixologia, sadac yvelani iyvnen miCveulni, rom 20-Si miiReben jama­
girs da arc umcrosi da arc umfrosi ar scdilobda, rom rkinis gza
yofiliyo Semosavliani. nametnavad imitom, rom mainc maSin iyo didi
Semosavali, vinaidan gadazidva iyo navTisa da Savi qvisa.

466
amrigad, SeiZleba Semcireba moxdes TandaTan. imedi gvaqvs, rom
bolos da bolos, rodesac am rkinis gzas CavayenebT normalur ka­
lapotSi da es moxerxdeba Tu Cvengan damoukidebel pirobebma xeli
ar SegviSales, maSin 8.000 muSa-mosamsaxure unda iyos. nardad muSao­
bis SemoRebis Sesaxeb me ar gavagrZeleb sityvas, mogaxsenebT mxolod,
rom es muSaoba swarmoebs zogierT dargSi. es ukve SemoRebulia da
ar iwvevs winaaRmdegobas, aramed TiTon es momuSaveni xedaven, rom es
saWiroa rkinis gzisTvis da es sistema gatarebuli iqneba cxovrebaSi.
yvelaze ufro did nayofs miviRebT Cven saTbob masalis nakleb xarjis­
agan. unda mogaxsenoT, rom amaze ixarjeba wliurad daaxlovebiT 70
mil. maneTi. es fuli midis umTavresad azerbaijanSi, radganac iqidan
mogvdis Cven navTi, es aris pirdapir savaldebulo gadasaxadi Cveni
respublikisa azerbaijanisadmi. rac ufro SevamcirebT am xarjvas,
amiT mivaxwevT ara marto ekonomias rkinis gzaze, aramed, sazogadod,
finansiuris mxrivac amas eqneba didi mniSvneloba. da unda aRvniSnoT,
rom am navTis xarjva orTqlmavlebze xdeba metad uwesod. orTqlma­
valis brigadebi ar arian dainteresebulni qonebrivad imaSi, rom es
navTi naklebad xarjon. da SeuZlebelia, rom ekonomia davamyaroT mx­
olod imaze, rom kaci grZnobs me var respublikis moqalaqe da amitom
naklebi unda vxarjovo. Tu ar miveciT raime impulsi yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia, rom es saqme mowesrigdes. uwindel dros did xarjisTvis
jarima edeboda mosamsaxureebs, Cven am zomas ver mivmarTavT, radgan
araviTar nayofs ar miviRebT. Cven vaZlevT im minimums jamagirisas,
romelic unda yvelas da am minimumis Semcireba yovlad SeuZlebelia,
_ amas verc movaxerxebT. mosamsaxure, administratiul wesiT unda
iyos an dasjili, an gandevnili samsaxuridan imitom, rom ar varga
samsaxurisTvis, Tu normis asrulebas ver SesZlebs. erTad-erTi zoma,
romelic ekonomias moaxdens, aris am ekonomiis nawilis mosamsaxure­
saTvis jildoT micema. Tu 10%-iT Semoklda xarjva navTisa, 600.000
maneTi iqneba ekonomia TveSi. amrigad amas unda mieqces yuradReba.
unda aRvniSnoT, sanam Cven varT damoukidebeli aderbaijanTan,
sanam Cven mogvaqvs iqidan navTi da Sinauri wyaroebi ara gvaqvs, Segvi­
Zlian mxolod rogorme SevamokloT es deficiti. magram Semosavlia­
noba Cven rkinis gzaze damyarebulia imaze, rom jer erTi, gadidebu­
li iqnes gadazidva, magaliTad, Tu gveqna saSualeba, rom gavitanoT
Savi qva, romelic ukanasknelad 1913 wels iyo gatanili 60 mil. fuTi,
exla ki Cven gavitaneT jer-jerobiT 100,000 fuTi. garda amisa, unda
gavxsnaT saSualeba gasanaT navTis gadaqaCvisa, es mogvitans did Semo­
savals, 25 milioni fuTi iyo weliwadSi. magram arc es gvaZlevs did
Semosavals Tu Sinauri wyaroebi saTbobi masalisa ar gveqneba. Znelia
dRes eleqtrofikaciaze laparaki, magram Cven amisTvis momzadebu­
li unda viyveT, CvenSi gzaTa uwyebam unda miiRos yovelgvari zomebi
da pirvel dResve, rogorc ki SesaZlebeli iqneba es moxerxdes, Cven
damzadebulni unda SevxvdeT eleqtrofikaciis SemoRebas rkinis

467
gzaze, radganac uamisod Cveni rkinis gzis damoukidebeli cxovreba
Zalian Zneli iqneba, yovelTvis upiratesoba eqneba aderbaijanis rki­
nis gzas, romelsac Tavis sakuTari wyaroebi aqvs. exla Znelia amaze
laparaki, radganac Cven ver movaxerxebT am eleqtrofikacias. magram
Cven SevimuSavebT am sakiTxs da pirvel dResve rogorc ki SesaZlebe­
li iqneba, am sakiTxis arc ise Znelia ganxorcieleba, Cven amas Semo­
viRebT aq da amiT SevamcirebT xarjs rkinis gzisas da marTlac Sevqm­
niT rkinis gzisagan Semosavlis wyaros Cveni respublikisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? sityva aravis surs.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? mux­
lobrivi ganxilva iqneba Semdeg sxdomaze.
gTxovT moisminoT Semdeg sxdomis dRiuri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 55 wuTze.

468
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meCvidmete sxdoma

1919 w. maisis 16. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareoben damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
da simon mdivani.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
konstantine jafariZe,
da grigol naTaZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 s. da 35 wuTze aleqsandre lomTaTiZis
TavmjdomareobiT.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. kidev erTxel moismineT
dRiuri wesrigi.

komisiaSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqti.

mdivani. sanam dRiur wesrigze gadavidodeT mogaxsenebT kanon-­


proeqts, romelic Semotanilia saTanado komisiaSi gadasacemad.
(kiTxulobs).
iusticiis ministris kanon-proeqti quTaisis droebiT sagangebo
sasamarTlos Statis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces iuridiul da safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaT.

469
dRiuri wesrigi:

1. ganxilva dekretis proeqtisa saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w.


ianvris 31 kanonis (saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad kreditis
gaxsnisa) gangrZobis Sesaxeb.
2. ganxilva (pirveli) kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis kategoriis ga­
reSe myof agentebis jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb.
3. ganxilva dadgenilebisa rkinis gzebis sawyobebSi saqonlis Se­
naxvis vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
4. ganxilva (pirveli) kanon-proeqtisa saukeTeso saxelmZRvanelo­
Ta avtorebisaTvis premiebis misacemad 100,000 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.
5. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa ojaxuri mdgo­
mareobiT jarSi gawvevisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.
6. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ miwebis mimReb
komisiebSi momuSaveTaTvis sargos gadidebis Sesaxeb.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saSualo da uma­
Rles dawyebiTi skolisaTvis 4.075.581 man. 16 k. gadadebis Sesaxeb _
Tanaxmad saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w. ianvris 28 kanonisa.
8. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samoqalaqo kanon­
Ta krebulis me-10 tomis 1 nawilis me-9 muxlisa da sisxlis samarTlis
sasjelTa debulebis me-1165 muxlis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
9. SekiTxva erovnul demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _ sa­
samarTlos palatis ufrosis mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb.
10. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa _ Zegvis xidis am­
feTqebelTaTvis sikvdiliT dasjis 12 wlis katorRiT Secvlis Sesaxeb.
11. SekiTxva erovnul demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi Ze­
gvis xidis amfeTqebelTa da sxvaTa sasjelisagan sruliad ganTavisuf­
lebis Sesaxeb.
12. ganxilva dekretisa _ samoqalaqo uwyebaTa saxelmwifo mosam­
saxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.
13. ganxilva dekretisa _ fosta telegrafis dawesebulebaTa mo­
samsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.
14. ganxilva dekretisa 500.000 m. gadadebis Sesaxeb yofil kadet­
Ta korpusis Senobis gadasakeTeblad respublikis saministroebis mo­
saTavseblad.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vinmes sityva sakiTxebis rigis Secvlis
Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin aris.
maSasadame pirveli sakiTxi iqneba: ganxilva dekretis proeqtisa
saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 wlis ianvris 31-s kanonis (saxelmwifo
dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad kreditis gaxsnisa) gagrZelebis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri batoni oniaSvili. momxsenebe­
li ar aris.

470
Semdegi sakiTxi _ ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis, _ katego­
riis gareSe myof agentebis jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels, krebis wevrs WavWaniZes.

kanon-proeqti rkinis gzis kategoriis gareSe myof


agentebis jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb.

ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! es kanon-proeqti, ase vTqvaT, damatebi­


Ti kanon-proeqti aris jer kidev 24 ianvars miRebul kanonisa. am
kanon-proeqtiT rkinis gzis im mosamsaxureebs, romlebic kategori­
aSi arian Setanilni moemataT jamagirebi, xolo is mosamsaxureebi,
romelnic kategoriis gareSe arian, darCnen. isini am kanon-proeqtSi
ar Sediodnen da momateba ar hqondaT. amis gamo gasul 4 Tvis ganmav­
lobaSi kategoriis gareSe myof mosamsaxureebs jamagirebis momateba
ar hqoniaT. aman Seqmna iseTi aranormaluri mdgomareoba, rom iyo ise­
Ti SemTxveva, rodesac TanaSemweni iRebdnen Tavis ufrosebze met jam­
agirs. rom swored es aranormaluri mdgomareoba iyos gamosworebu­
li, uwyebam Semoitana es damatebiTi kanon-proeqti. am kanon-proeqtis
mizania, rom cotaTi mainc gamoasworos is Seusabamoba, rom TanaSemwe
ar iRebdes ufrosze mets. kategoriis gareSe darCenili mosamsaxu­
reebi uwyebam dahyo camet xarisxad. momateba aseTnairad nawildeba:
is vinc iRebda 850 man., mas emateba 28 proc., Semdeg procentebi ak­
ldeba TandaTanobiT, ukanasknel mecamete xarisxis moxeles emateba
mxolod 11 proc. rogorc mogaxseneT, am kanon-proeqtis mizani iyo
mxolod Seusabamobis gamosworeba, rom ufrosi ar iRebdes Tavis
umcrosze, an Tavis TanaSemweze ufro naklebs. am kanon-proeqtiT ga­
moTxovili aris momateba 5 TviT. 5 TvisTvis moiTxoven sul 192.000
maneTs. magram Cven miviReT wina sxdomaze erTi kanon-proeqti, romel­
ic ZalaSi Sedis 1 maisidan; am kanon-proeqtSi Sedian is mosamsaxuree­
bic, romelnic aq arian. ase rom, Cvenis azriT, exla am kanon-proeqtiT
unda iqnes gaRebuli ara 5 Tvis momateba, aramed marto 4 TvisTvis, es
ki Seadgens sul 87360 man.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? msurve­
li aravin ar aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze
gadavideT? maSasadame, pirveli ganxilva damTavrebuli aris. muxlo­
brivi ganxilva moxdeba saTanado vadis gasvlis Semdeg.
Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva dekretisa saqarTvelos parlamentis
1919 wlis ianvris 31 kanonis (saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad
kreditis gaxsnisa) gagrZelebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia krebis wevri
daviT SaraSiZe.

471
ganxilva dekretis proeqtisa saqarT. parlamentis
1919 w. ianvris 31 kanonis gangrZobis Sesaxeb.

daviT SaraSiZe. moqalaqeno! damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebis mox­


denis win saqarTvelos parlamentma Seswyvita Tavisi sakanonmdeblo
moRvaweoba da vinaidan maSin biujeti SemuSavebuli ar iyo, rom mTav­
robisTvis SeZleba mieca im dros ganmavlobaSi, rodesac sakanonmde­
blo dawesebuleba ar iqneboda, mTavrobas Seenaxa saxelmwifoebrivi
dawesebulebani, amitom saqarTvelos parlamentma 31 ianvars miiRo
specialuri kanoni, romlis ZaliTac is nebas aZlevda mTavrobas yov­
el Tviurad 1 maisamde gaeRo gansakuTrebuli Tanxa saxelmwifo dawe­
sebulebebis Sesanaxad. es Tanxa iyo navaraudevi 28 1/2 mil. Tviurad.
vada maSasadame am kanonis moqmedebisa gavida 30 aprils. 1 maiss mTav­
robas aRar aqvs neba am kreditiT isargeblos ise, rogorc sami Tvis
ganmavlobaSi sargeblobda. am dekretis saxiT moiTxovs mTavroba,
rom am kanonis moqmedeba gagrZelebuli iyos kidev erTi TviT.
amis garda, am sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi mTavroba sargeblobda ara
marto am yovel Tviur navaraudev kreditiT, 28 1/2 milioniT, aramed
agreTve im kreditebiT, romelic mas gaexsna ianvris ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenilebebiT da kanonebiT da romlebic
28 1/2 milionSi navaraudevi ar iyo.
ai am kanonis moqmedebis gagrZelebas moiTxovs mTavroba maisis
ganmavlobaSi.
amaSi mdgomareobs am kanonis Sinaarsi.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb vis surs sityva? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin.
gTxovT waikiTxoT. momxsenebeli kiTxulobs dekrets muxlobriv.
dekreti kenWis yriT miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva rkinis gzebis sawyobebSi
saqonlis Senaxvis vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebelia krebis wevri ivane WavWaniZe.

ganxilva dadgenilebisa rkinis gzebis sawyobebSi


saqonlis Senaxvis vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.

ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno, arsebuli wesebiT rkinis gzebis


sawyobebs Zalian didi xniT uxdeboda xolme mosul saqonlis Senaxva.
dRevandel pirobebSi saqoneli swrafad icvlis patrons. saqoneli
mova rkinis gziT, mas daawyoben sawyobSi da patroni arc ki fiqrobs
waiRos Tavis droze; xSirad rkinis gzis sawyobSi moTavsebuli
saqoneli sam oTx patrons icvlis, da es saqoneli sawyobebSi rCe­
ba, sanam ukanasknelad ar mova myidveli am saqonlisa. es garemoeba
Zalian cud pirobebSi ayenebs rkinis gzis administracias, radganac

472
xSirad ara aqvT saSualeba mosul saqonlisTvis bina iSovos; es gare­
moeba iwvevs imas, rom xSirad mTeli kviraobiT da TveobiTac saqone­
li gadmoutvirTveli rCeba vagonebidan, rac dauSobelia vagonebis
simciris gamo. udidesi vada iseT saqonlisTvis, romelic fuWdeba da
romlis Senaxva didi xnobiT ar SeiZleba, 15 dRea; saministros wina­
dadebiT Senaxvis vadebi unda Semokldes. rkinis gzis wesdebis me-84
muxlSi aRniSnuli saqonlis Senaxva unda Semcirdes 5 dRemde. imave
wesdebis me-90 muxlSi aRniSnuli vada 15 dRemde da imave wesdebis 90
muxliT dawesebuli oTxi Tvis magivrad dawesebuli iqnas erTi Tve.
dRemde arsebul did vadas mniSvneloba qonda maSin, rodesac did, vr­
cel ruseTs uerTdeboda Cveni rkinis gza. xSirad rodesac saqoneli
unda Camosuliyo an cimbiridan, an Soreul CrdiloeTidan, maSin meti
dro unda hqonodaT saqonlis mimReblebs, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi
rkinis gzis sabuTi mosvlodaT. exla ki Cveni rkinis gza patara ter­
itoriiT ganisazRvreba da cnobis miReba, an sabuTis miReba, rom
saqoneli gamogzavnili aris, nakleb dros moiTxovs. saWiro ar aris
iseTi didi vada davtovoT rogorc aris magaliTad oTxi Tve. es xe­
lsayrelia mxolod spekuliantebisTvis. isini imaze ki ar fiqroben,
rom Tavis sawyobebi qondeT, aramed ucdian saqonelze fasebis awevas,
rom saqoneli Zvirad gayidon jer kidev maSin, rodesac saqoneli rk.
gzis sawyobSi awyvia, amiT isini SegnebulaT Tavidan icileben saqon­
lis sadguridan waRebis xarjebs. es wesi ki rkinis gzas did zarals
aZlevs da igi aucileblad unda Seicvalos saministros mier warmod­
genil wesiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT. ara­
vin. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel, meore mesame muxls).
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris)
Semdegi sakiTxi: ganxilva (pirveli) kanon-proeqtisa saukeTeso
saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebisaTvis premiebis misacemaT 100.000 man.
gadadebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia imnaiSvili.

kanon-proeqti saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisaTvis


premiebis misacemad 100.000 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.

n. imnaiSvili. (s.d.) Tumca es kanon-proeqtis saxiT iyo Semot­


anili uwyebis mier, magram ganaTlebis komisia sTxovs damfuZnebel
krebas es ganixilos dekretis saxiT, vinaidan mas arsebiTad dekretis
xasiaTi aqvs.
am dekrets eqneba miznaT premiebis daarsebiT xeli Seuwyos Cve­
ni skolebisTvis saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenis saqmes. Cve­
ni skola erovnul safuZvelze ewyoba da am mxriv, damoukideblobis

473
gamocxadebamdec farTo muSaoba iyo, magram am did muSaobas win ga­
daeRoba bevrnairi dabrkoleba da isini dRemdisac daZleuli araa.
exla rodesac Cven sakuTar saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas veweviT,
rodesac TviT saxelmwifo patronobs skolas, imedia rom skolebis
gaerovnebis saqme ufro mkvidr safuZvelze dadgeba da yvela dab­
rkolebebi gadalaxuli iqneba. am mxriv, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRe­
bas ipyrobs Cveni skolebisTvis Sesaferi saxelmZRvaneloebis uqon­
loba. marTalia, revoliuciis Semdeg, am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri
saxelmZRvanelo daiwera qarTul enaze da gamoica. magram umravleso­
ba, maTgani naklebi Rirsebisaa da am mxriT sruliad miuRebeli ari­
an Cvens skolebSi saxmareblad. arc enis, arc Sinaarsis da masalebis
mxriv bevri maTgani damakmayofilebeli ar aris. Cven ar mogvepoveba
arc kargi naTargmni saxelmZRvaneloebi, vinaidan am mxriv ar yofila
TiTqmis muSaoba. ufro originalur Sromebis Sedgenis saWiroebas
sTvlidnen. magram saubedurod am SromebSi es originalobac ar iyo
daculi, vinaidan umravlesi maTgani ufro rusulidanaa gadmoRe­
buli. amisTvis jer kidev erovnul sabWos dros ganaTlebis uwyebas
evaleboda, rom saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenis da gamocemis saqmisT­
vis Sesaferi yuradReba mieqcia, magram, samwuxarod dRemde am mxriv
araferi ar gakeTebula. dRes ki ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsdeba
erTgvari samecniero komiteti, romelsac daevaleba ganxilva ukve
gamosul, an jer kidev ar gamoqveynebul saxelmZRvaneloebis da gan­
sja: _ dasaSvebi iqnebian isini Cven skolebSi saxmareblad Tu ara. Cven
vfiqrobT am komitetis muSaoba ufro Seexeba jer ar gamoqveynebul
Sromebs. komitets miendoba agreTve ganxilva da dafaseba im sapremio
saxelmZRvaneloebisa, romelsac gulisxmobs es dekreti. Cvenis az­
riT, dajildoeba Rirseul saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisa aucileb­
lad erTnair waxalisebas gamoiwvevs specialistebSi da aRuZravs maT
survils ufro energiul da seriozul muSaobisas. Cveni azriT, da­
jildoeba awevs amasTanave avtoritets da Rirsebas TviT saxelmZR­
vaneloebisas mowafeTa TvalSi.
ase da amnairad am dekretiT premiebis daweseba xels Seuwyobs am
saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenis saqmes. am dekretis ZaliT es
100.000 man. unda gadaidos rogorc originalur ise naTargmn Txzu­
lebebis avtorebisTvis premiis misacemad. Tavis Tavad cxadia, pirvel
rigSi iqneba originaluri saxelmZRvaneloebi, magram aqve nagulisx­
mevia, rom premia miecema naTargmn saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvisac. aris
mTeli rigi cnobil da gamoCenil saxelmZRvaneloebisa, dawerili
ucxo enebze, romelTa magivroba jer-jerobiT arc erT originalur
Txzulebas ar SeeZleba gaswios. ai amitom, vinaidan am Txzulebebis
Targmna did siZneles warmoadgens, miT umetes, rom SemuSavebuli
samecniero terminologia ara gvaqvs da aseTi gadaTargmna xel-axal
Sedgenas udris, komisiis azriT premia unda mieces aseT karg Targm­
nisTvisac. Tavis Tavad cxadia, premia miecema mTargmnels. TviTon

474
wesi, Tu rogor miecema es premia avtorebs originalur da naTargmn
Txzulebebisas, SemuSavdeba saministroSi da ganxilva Rirsebisa ama
Tu im Sromisa daevaleba im samecniero komitets, romelic sdgeba,
rogorc mogaxseneT, ganaTlebis uwyebasTan.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame es gaxlavT dekreti, Tanaxmad am gancxa­
debisa. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? aravis. vin aris
winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 1, 2 da 3 muxls).
dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi: me-2 (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-­
proeqtisa ojaxuri mdgomareobiT jarSi gawvevisagan ganTavisu­
flebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia krebis wevri zaqaria guruli. gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom am muxlSi Sesworebis Seta­
na surT.
pirveli gaxlavT winadadeba erovnul-demokratebisa, xels awers
batoni surgulaZe. muxli pirveli unda daiweros amnairad. (kiTxu­
lobs) „ojaxur mdgomareobis gamo samxedro begris moxdaSi wesdeba
yovelwliuri SeRavaTi: gazafxulze sami Tve _ aprili, maisi da Ti­
baTve, Semodgomaze 2 Tve: enkenisTve da mwifobisTve“.
imave muxlSi social-demokratiul fraqcias surs Seitanos aseTi
Sesworeba: 1) amoiRos pirvel muxlidan: „martoxela mama mcirewlo­
vanis Svilisa“ da 2) sruliad amoiSalos SeniSvna muxlisa).
Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gerasime maxaraZes.
gerasime maxaraZe. (s.-d.) social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs
aseTi Sesworeba, rom amoiSalos is alagi, sadac naTqvamia: „martoxe­
la mama mcire wlovan Svilisa“.
Cvenis azriT SeuZlebeli aris, rom marto xeli mama mcirewlovan
Svilisa ganTavisuflebuli iyos samxedro begarisagan da ai ra mosaz­
rebiT: sazogadoT, rodesac aseTi lgota iyo samxedro begarisagan
ganTavisuflebisa, bevr gaugebrobas da borotmoqmedebas hqonda adg­
ili rodesac swydeboda ama Tu im lgotis micema romelime pirisTvis.
magram Cemis azriT, yovelnairi zoma unda iyos miRebuli, rom
lgota iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, romelSiac es gamowveuli aris
marTla saWiroebiT.
is azri, rom martoxela mama mcirewlovan Svilisa gaTavisufle­
buli iyos, _ SeuZlebelia miviRoT, aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios bevri
gaugebroba.
SeiZleba, rom mcire wlovani Svili martoxela mamisa iyos uzrun­
velyofili materialurad.
agreTve SeiZleba borotmoqmedeba am niadagze, radgan ase bevrs
SeuZlian Tavi gainTavisuflos da am nairad saxelmwifos ar misces

475
is kategoria samxedro mosamsaxureebisa, romelic saWiro aris, am
gvarad, mravali mosazreba Cveni is aris, rom yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu
ki raime gamosavali aqvs ojaxs, Tu ki mas SeuZlia misces saxelmwifos
Tavisi wevri _ aseTi ojaxi ar unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli.
agreTve Cveni winadadeba aris, rom amoiSalos SeniSvna am muxli­
sa: „im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ojaxi sakmaod uzrunvelyofili aris,
_ vaJi samsaxuridan ar unda ganTavisufldes“. es muxli, es SeniSv­
na agreTve bevr gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs, maSin, rodesac kiTxva iqne­
ba dayenebuli, Tu vin aris uzrunvelyofili da vin ara. Tumca isea
gadawyvetili kiTxva, rom adgilobriv TviTmarTvelobidan iqneba
mowmoba micemuli, magram Cven kargad viciT, rom isini, romelnic
marTla uzrunvelyofilni arian, xSirad pouloben saSualebas imo­
qmedon ise, rom gainTavisuflon Tavi, swored imitom, rom isini ma­
terialurad Zalian uzrunvelyofili arian. am kiTxvis gadawyveta,
_ vin materialurad uzrunvelyofilia da vin ar aris, rodesac ar
aris erTi namdvili kriteriumi moyvanili, bevr gaugebrobas gamoi­
wvevs da rom es Tavidan aviciloT, Cven vfiqrobT, rom es SeniSvna
zedmeti aris kanonSi da amitom winadadebas viZleviT es SeniSvna am­
oiSalos kanonidan.
Tavmjdomare. sityva aravis surs? momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. pirveli nawilis Sesaxeb, e. i. proeq­
tidan „martoxela mama mcirewlovan Svilisa“ amoSlis Sesaxeb sam­
xedro komisiaSic iyo laparaki. iyvnen iqac momxreni, rom es nawili
ar Setaniliyo, magram iyvnen imis momxrenic, rom Setanili yofili­
yo aramc Tu sityvebi „mama mcirewlovan Svilisa“, aramed „qmari
colisa“ maSin, rodesac sul ara hyavs Svili. pirveli nawili ar
gavida, magram is nawili, romelic Setanili aris, gavida. umTavresi
sabuTi imisa, Tu risTvis ar unda iyos, arc is, romelic ar iyo Se­
tanili kanon-proeqtSi, da arc is nawili, romelic Setanili iyo,
_ umTavresi sabuTi is aris, rom Tu es miviReT, maSin oblebi, rom­
lebsac araferi yavsT TavisTavis meti, gareSe naTesavebis, Soreul
naTesavebis rCeviT _ nametnavad adre daqorwindebian, rom eyoloT
Svilebi da amiT gadarCnen saldaTobas da es sistema ki migviyvans
iqamdis, amboben momxreni am nawilis Seutanlobisa, rom Zalian
bavSvebs davaqorwinebT da SemdegSi, roca gaizrdebian SeiZleba
TviTonve gaxdnen umadurni am kanonisa, vinaidan SeiZleba bavSvo­
bis dros daqorwineba maT Semdeg daurCeT sananeblad. ai umTavre­
si sabuTi da umTavresi mizani es iyo mowinaaRmdegeebisa da ramde­
nadac maxsovs, me mgoni fraqciebmac es aRniSnes. magram miuxedavad
amisa samxedro komisiis umravlesobam mainc daadgina, rom es pir­
veli nawili, rogorc mogaxseneT, meuRlis gamo ganTavisuflebuli
ar iyos, magram es nawili dastoves, radganac komisia fiqrobs, rom
SesaZlebelia moxdes faqti, rom bavSvi darCes da yovlad SeuZle­
belia, rom bavSvi davtovoT upatronod da jarSi waviyvanoT mama.

476
rac Seexeba meore nawilis SeniSvnis amoRebas am kanon-proeqtidan,
komisiam (saministros proeqtSi, romelic am saministrom warmoad­
gina, ar iyo es SeniSvna) Seitana es SeniSvna imitom, rom TviTon es
muxli aris agebuli im safuZvelze, rom jarSi gawvevisgan Tavisu­
fldebodes imitom ki ara, rom dedis erTaa, an sxva ram aseTi, aramed
imitom, rom is marCeneli aris ojaxisa da es SeniSvna mxolod xazs
usvams imas, rac gatarebuli aris am mcnebaSi, sityva “marCeneli“.
da marTla, Tu Cven jarSi ar waviyvaneT, gavanTavisufleT mdidris
Svilic, ese igi iseTi mamis Svili, romlis arc mama Sromobs, arc Svi­
li, maT aqvT qoneba, Semosavali da am SemosavliT scxovroben, Tu
amasac ar waviyvanT, gavanTavisuflebT, maSin sityvas „mrCenels“,
„erTaderT mrCenels“ ekargeba mniSvneloba. rom es ar iyos, SegveZ­
lo dagvewera, rom dedis-erTas ar waviyvanT, magram kanon-proeqts
miznaT ar aqvs dedis-erTas ganTavisufleba. dedis-erTa iqneba Tu
ara, Tu mama jer moxucebuli ar aris, gansazRvrul wels ar gadas­
cilebia, Sromis unari aqvs, is jarSi midis, ar Tavisufldeba. Tavi­
sufldeba is, Tu marCeneli aris ojaxisa.
ai es aris safuZveli, ZiriTadi safuZveli da am SeniSvniT mxolod
xazi gasmulia.
komisia icavda am azrs da me piradad, gansakuTrebiT, moviTxov,
rom es SeniSvna darCes, vinaidan es aris xazis gasma mTel safuZvlisa,
razedac aris pirveli muxli aSenebuli da samarTalic moiTxovs amas,
_ mdidris Svili, Tu ki is ar muSaobs da marCeneli ar aris, risTvis
unda ganTavisufldes?
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, meore Sesworebis Sesaxeb ras brZanebT?
momxsenebeli. komisiis saxeliT vicav, rom es nawili darCes ise,
rogorc aris.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, aq gaxldaT Semotanili ori Seswore­
ba social-demokratebisa da nacional-demokratebisa. pirveli Ses­
worebis Sesaxeb me gavige.
rac Seexeba erovnul-demokratebis Sesworebas, Tqven mis Sesaxeb
ara giTqvamT ra.
gTxovT gamosTqvaT Tqveni azri erovnul-demokratebis Seswore­
bis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebeli. me megona, rom am Sesworebas jer daicavdnen da
mere mogaxsenebdiT, magram radganac damcveli aravin aris, mogax­
senebT Semdegs: es Sesworeba, maSasadame, moiTxovs erTad-erTi
marCenali gavanTavisuflod, magram mxolod alos dros, rodesac
muSaoba aris, danarCen dros jarSi unda iyos, magram es ar iqne­
ba faqtiurad daxmareba. ras niSnavs ganTavisufleba erTi TviT.
TiTqos erTi TviT ganisazRvrebodes misi muSaoba ojaxSi. Cven am
kanon-proeqtSi mxedvelobaSi gvqonda miRebuli erTi umTavre­
si mizani, _ mxedvelobaSi gvqonda miRebuli soflis meurneoba,
rom soflis meurneoba ar ganadgurdes, rodesac erTi muSa aris,

477
am erTad-erTi muSis jarSi wayvaniT. tyuilad goniaT nacion­
al-demokratebs, rom soflis meurneobis dasacavad SeiZleba er­
Ti-ori TviT wavides saxlSi samuSaod, da danarCen dros ki moscil­
des saxls. es ese ar aris. marTalia umTavresi muSaoba aris alos
dros, gazafxulze da Semodgomaze, magram soflis meurneobas unda
xelis Sewyoba savsebiT, zamTarSiac aris Taviseburi muSaoba da
amis gareT meurneoba zafxulSiac ver SesZlebs muSaobas. muSa xeli
zamTarSiac aris saWiro. aviRoT Tunda pirutyvebi, zamTarSi Tu
ar iqneba movlili, zafxulSi samuSao iaraRi ar eqneba. amis garda
SeiZleba is meurneobiT ver irCendes Tavs, bevri aris iseTi, rom
jer saxlSi muSaobs da mere midis zamTarSi qalaqSi, qiraze, rom
iqidan miumatos da ojaxi arCinos zedmeti qiriT. Tu safuZvlad mi­
viRebT, _ „erT-erTi marCeneli“ unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli, zed­
metia laparaki imaze, rom is ganTavisufldes erTi-ori TviT da ara
metiT. amitom me vicav ise, rogorc aris am SeniSvnis amouReblad.
am mosazrebebiT me winaaRmdegi var im Sesworebisa, romelic Semoi­
tanes erovnul-demokratebma.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. kenWs vuyri. vin aris
winaaRmdegi im Sesworebis, romelic Semotanilia erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqciis saxeliT? petre surgulaZis mier Semotanili Ses­
woreba uaryofili gaxlavT.
kenWs vuyri meore Sesworebas, Semotanils social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebuli gax­
lavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-2 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxls krebis wevris surgulaZis azriT,
unda daematos Semdegi (kiTxulobs) „mowmobaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos
dawvrilebiT SeRavaTis maZiebel piris ojaxis nivTieri mdgomareoba
da agreTve, aris Tu ara es piri ojaxis im wevris namdvili marCenali,
romlis gamo mas SeRavaTi unda mieniWos“.
erTad erTi Sesworeba, romelic gaxlavT Semotanili, es gaxlavT.
sityva ekuTvnis grigol giorgaZes.
g. giorgaZe. am Sesworebas erTgvari instruqciuli xasiaTi aqvs,
magram yovelive gaugebrobis Tavidan asacdenad, Tu rogor unda iyos
Sinaarsi mowmobisa, romelic unda warmoadginos im pirma, romelic
SeRavaTs Txoulobs, Cven araviTari sawinaaRmdego ara gvaqvs, rom es
Sesworeba iyos miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebeli.
guruli. es Sesworeba zedmetad mimaCnia, imitom rom upirve­
les yovlisa mowmobaSi unda iyos aRniSnuli qonebrivi mdgomareo­
ba ojaxisa. Cven pirvel muxlidan amoviReT SeniSvna, romelic Seexe­
boda ojaxis uzrunvelyofas. raki es SeniSvna amoviReT, exla mizani
ekargeba mowmobaSi ojaxur mdgomareobis aRniSvnas. rac Seexeba, rom
CamoTvlili iyos bevri ram, es zogierTi qvemod aris. erTgvari in­

478
struqciis nairi muxlebi aqvs am kanon-proeqts, romelic albaT wa­
kiTxuli gaqvT yvelas.
amitom am muxlSi aRniSvna amisa zedmetia. es qveiT aris da es ak­
mayofilebs am Sesworebis mizans.
Tavmjdomare. gaaTaveT? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom miRebul iqnas,
is Sesworeba, romelic Semotanila erovnul demokratiul fraqciis
saxeliT? Sesworeba miRebulia. Semdegi. momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 3,
4-5 da 6 mux.) kreba kenWis yriT ucvlelad iRebs 3-6 muxls.
guruli. (kiTxulobs me-7 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb Semotanili aris Sesworeba. Ses­
worebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis giorgaZes:
grigol giorgaZe: (s.-d.) soc.-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT me
Sesworeba Semomaqvs, rom SevaTanxmod erTmaneTSi es muxli da SeniSv­
na. ise rom me-7 muxli miviRoT aseT SesworebiT: (kiTxulobs) is pirni,
romelTac ojaxuri mdgomareoba samxedro begaris moxdaSi SeRava­
Tis uflebas aniWebs, hkargaven am uflebas Tu adgilobriv TviTmarT­
velobis daskvniT isini ar arian ojaxis namdvili marCenelni. Cvenis
azriT, saWiroa, rom mSoblebis gancxadebas adasturebdes adgilo­
brivi TviTmmarTveloba, es imitom, rom mSoblebma raime kapriziT
ar ganacxadon, rom es Cveni Svili ar gvacxovrebso. ase rom Cveni Ses­
woreba iqneba saredaqcio xasiaTis Sesworeba, magram...
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, batono oratori, neba miboZeT. mxolod
am Sesworebaze iyo laparaki da ara redaqciaze; redaqcia rogori
iqneba amaze gveqneba laparaki maSin, rodesac es komisias gadaecema
da iqidan Semova. maSasadame Tqven, Tu me gavige, Sesworebas iziarebT.
vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. wina oratoris Sesworeba mainc arafers ar dauS­
lis. magram am mxriv miReba, rogorc is aris Semotanili, rom es
sruliad amovSaloT, sxva redaqcia miviRoT, sxvas mivandoT, imis gan­
sazRvra _ aris marCeneli Tu ara, _ yovlad SeuZlebelia. magram aq
miRebuli aris mxolod is SemTxveva, rodesac samxedro samsaxurSi
gasawvevis ojaxs, meti marCeneli ar hyavs ojaxs. magram namdvilad ki
ar arCens. aris aseTi SemTxvevebi sofelSi, SeiZleba qalaqaTac iyos,
rom ojaxis wevrebi gaWirvebaSi arian, samadloT arian, maTxovro­
ben, Svili glaxa gamouvidaT, dadis da eSmakobs sadRac da ar arCens
ded-mamas. aseT Svils kanonma ar unda mianiWos Tavisufleba, TiTqos
is marCeneli iyos, da namdvilad ki aravis ar arCens. Tu ki ded-mama ar
ganacxadebs _ is ar unda iyos ganTavisuflebuli.
aq ixmares sityva, rom SeiZleba vinmem jiutobiT, kapriziT ga­
nacxados, rom Svili ar marCenso. yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom Svil­
ze ded-mamam ganacxadon ar gvarCenso. yovlad SeuZlebelia aseT
kaprizis SiSi. Tu ki marTla arCens _ SiSi yovlad SeuZlebelia. maSa­
sadame am mxriv iqneba piriqiT, SesaZlebelia meore movlena, SeiZleba
Svili ar arCendes, magram ar ganacxadon, rom maT Svili ar arCenT. ai

479
es movlena ki iqneba. imis SiSiT, rom marCenel Svilze dedam an mamam
sTqvas, rom ar marCenso, _ yovlad SeuZlebelia, es moulodneli aris,
ar moxdeba. amitom am Sesworebis miReba zedmeti aris.
rac Seexeba imas, rom TviTmmarTvelobas miendos mowmoba qonebis
mxriv, _ aq aris miRebuli sxva muxlebi, mxolod aq aris, rom es Svi­
li asrulebs Tu ara Svilis movaleobas da ded-mamaze ukeT es aravin
icis.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe­
bulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs 8 da 9 muxls) muxlebi kenWis yriT miRe­
bulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-10 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi Sesworeba aris Semotanili petre sur­
gulaZis mier.
p. surgulaZe. me-10 muxlSi es Sesworeba loRikuri Sesworeba
aris, amas dacva ar unda. am muxlSi sweria: „erT, an ori wlis vadiT“.
aq pirdapir ucodinaroba aris enisa, anda loRikuri Secdoma. unda
iyos erTi wlidan or wlamde. ese igi iqneba 1 weliwadi, 1 1/2, 9 Tve.
ise, rom am Sesworebas dacva ar unda.
mxolod me mindoda Tqveni yuradReba mimeqcia, rom Semdegi
damateba aris.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, mxolod me-10 muxlze ilaparakeT.
p. surgulaZe. Zalian kargi.
Tavmjdomare. batono momxsenebelo, Tqveni daskvna.
momxsenebeli. amas me mgonia gaasworebs saredaqcio komisia. amis
garda saWiroa sxva gramatikuli Sesworebac da amas saredaqcio
komisia gaasworebs.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe­
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlis SesworebiT? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-11 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs surgulaZes.
petre surgulaZe (er.-dem.), me-11 muxlSi unda iyos aRniSnuli is
sasjeli, romelic moelis cru mowmobis mimcem pirs. ai Cemi winadade­
ba es aris.
Tavmjdomare. bodiSs vixdi, Tqven aq winadadebas iZleviT me-11
muxls daematos? rogor gavigoT? es muxli Seicvalos ise, rogorc
Tqven gaqvT warmodgenili, Tu am muxls daemateba?
p. surgulaZe. ara, me-10 muxli sjis im pirT, romelTac surT gan­
Tavisufldnen samxedro samsaxuridan, da me-11 muxli unda sjides im
pirT, romelnic anTavisufleben ukanonod samxedro begrisagan sxva
da sxva pirT. ai, batonebo me-10 muxlSi aRniSnuli aris is sasjeli,
romelic moelis cru mowmobis warmomdgen pirT, im pirT, romlebsac
surT samxedro begaras gaeqcnen. magram Cemis azriT is dainterese­
buli piri, romelsac surs raime movaleobas daemalos, misTvis mZime

480
movaleobas, _ SesaZlebelia is dasjili ar iyos ise, rogorc is piri,
romlis mowmobiT is dainteresebuli piri sargeblobs. amitom kanon­
Si usaTuod unda iyos aRniSnuli sasjeli im Tanamdebobis pirisTvis,
romelic cru, yalb, mowmobas miscems ama Tu im pirT, romelnic samxe­
dro begaras unda gaeqcnen. amitom Cveni winadadeba iyo amnairi, rom
me-11 muxlad am kanonSi Sevides Semdegi sityvebi: „samxedro begaraSi
SeRavaTis mopoebisaTvis cru mowmobis mimcemi Tanamdebobis piri is­
jeba cixeSi dapatimrebiT eqvsi Tvidan or wlamde“.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, Tqven gnebavT, rom es darCes, _ Tu es me-
11 muxli Seicvalos?
p. surgulaZe. ara, me-11 muxlad unda darCes Cemi winadadeba. maSin
kanonis me-11 muxli iqneba me-12 muxlad.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. upirveles yovlisa, sayveduri unda vsTqva samxe­
dro komisiis im pirebis mimarT, romelnic xSirad krebebs ar eswrebi­
an da aq axal-axali muxlebi SemoaqvT. (surgulaZe: me gaxldiT!)
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad b. momxsenebelo, ilaparakeT saganze da
nuravis sayvedurs nu ucxadebT, imitom, rom es Tqven kompetencias ar
Seadgens.
momxsenebeli. axali muxlis Setana ar vici ramdenad saWiroa. aq am
kanonis me-10 muxlSi aris sasjeli im pirTaTvis, romelnic jarSi ga­
sawvevi arian da jarSi gawvevas Tavs arideben. maT, im moxeleebis gar­
da, romlis Sesaxeb Semotanili aris axali muxli, SeiZleba daexmaron
bevri sxvebi, ara moxeleebi, SeiZleba ubralo moqalaqec iyos damx­
mare, dausjelni arc isini darCebian. magram aq yvelas ver aRvniSnavT.
Cven gvaqvs saerTo kanonmdebloba, saerTo kanoni sasjelis Sesaxeb,
da Cemis azriT, isini daeqvemdebarebian im kanons. amitom, me mgonia,
zedmetia, rom SevitanoT kidev axali muxli.
Tavmjdomare. aris aseTi winadadeba, rom me-11 muxlad Semotani­
li iyos Semdegi: (kiTxulobs surgulaZis winadadebas). vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? miRebulia. maSasadame me-11 muxli iqneba me-12-teT. vin
aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-13 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Tqven winaaRmdegi brZandebiT am muxlisa? (sur­
gulaZe: diax!) mobrZandiT.
petre surgulaZe (e.-d.) am kanonis gavrceleba im jaris kacebze, am
dros, rodesac Cveni mdgomareoba metad rTuli da gamourkvevelia
_ saocar arev-darevas gamoiwvevs. CvenSi ukve arev-dareva daiwyo.
mTeli qveyana scdilobs, rom gainTavisuflos Tavi. rodesac 1-2 sof­
lis mcxovreblebs gaanTavsufleben _ me-3-4 saRerReli aeSleba, masac
moundeba sofelSi gaqceva. me vfiqrob, rom vinaidan damfuZnebeli
kreba dainteresebulia, rogorc Cvens damoukideblobis dacvaSi, ise
Sinagan cxovrebis ganmtkicebaSi, _ yovel Rones unda iRebdes Cveni
jaris gasaZliereblad.

481
am mokle droSi, vidre Cveni politikuri mdgomareoba savsebiT
ar gamorkveula, Cemis winadadebiT, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi mainc, am
kanoniT ar unda isargeblon im pirT, romelnic exla jarSi arian.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli z. guruli. aq igive unda gavimevoro, rac vilapa­
rake saerTo kanonis Sesaxeb, pirvel ganxilvis dros; es iseTi md­
gomareoba aris, rodesac erTad erTi marCeneli, erTad erTi muSa
ojaxisa wayvanili aris jarSi, mis ganTavisuflebas scdilobs TiTon
sazogadoeba. amas usamarTlod sTvlis TiTon jari da es mdgomareo­
ba imdenad mwvave iyo, rom yvela jaris nawilis ufrosebi da TiTon
jaris umaRlesi xelmZRvaneli samxedro ministri iZulebulni iyvnen
esargeblaT droebiT daTxovnis uflebiT da is jaris kacebi, Zalian
bevri maTgani daTxovnilni arian droebiT 1, 1 1/2 TviT mainc, rom
dauTesavad ar darCes yanebi. Cven rom exla es winadadeba miviRoT, ma­
Sin isev vtovebT arev-darevas, am kiTxvas ise vtovebT ufrosebis gan­
kargulebaSi. isini isev iZulebulni iqnebian, rom am Tavis uflebiT
isargeblon da daiTxovon xolme 2 kviriT _ 1 TviT jaris kacebi. faq­
tiurad, mogaxsenebT da vimeoreb, is kanoni, romelic 1 wlis winaT
miiRo parlamentma da romelsac araviTari SeRavaTi ar eZleva ar ga­
sula cxovrebaSi. SeRavaTi gaCda ai am saxiT, rom droebiT iTxovdnen
xolme ufrosebi. sxva gamosavali ver naxes. amitom winaaRmdegi var,
rom es mdgomareoba darCes da komisiis saxeliT winadadebas viZlevi,
rom kanoni dResve iyos miRebuli da ZalaSi Sevides.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. surgulaZis Sesworebas
kenWs ver uyri, radganac Sesworeba droze ar iyo Semotanili ise,
rogorc reglamenti amas moiTxovs, da reglaments me ver davarRvev.
kenWs vuyri me-13-e muxls. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mecamete muxli miRe­
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi Tanaxmad kanon-proeqtisa?
kanon-proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi _ pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa miwebis mim­
Reb komis. momuSaveT dRiur sargos gadidebis Sesaxeb.
Semdeg sakiTxis momxsenebelia krebis wevri anjafariZe.

kanon-proeqti miwebis mimReb komis. momuSaveT.


dRiur xarjis gadidebis Sesaxeb.

giorgi anjafariZe. miwebis mimRebi komisiebi dResac xelmZRvan­


eloben im xarjT-aRricxviT, romelic iyo damtkicebuli 1918 w. mar­
tis 22. is jamagirebi da dRiuri sarCo, romelic maT eZlevaT, Zalian
mcirea, Tavmjdomares, komisiis wevrebs, miwis mzomelebs eZlevaT
dRiuri sarCo 15 maneTi, TveSi ki 450 man. Tavmjdomaris arsebuli
jamagiria 500 man. da danarCen wevrebs ki is jamagiri aqvT, romelic
maT dawesebuli aqvT TavianT Tanamdebobaze. Tu miviRebT mxedvelo­

482
baSi, rom komisiis wevrebs mudam uxdebaT mogzauroba Tavis samsax­
uris aRsasruleblad, da amitom TiTqmis or ojaxaT cxovroben, Cven
davinaxavT, rom es jamagiri Zalian cota aris. adgilobriv agrarul
reformaTa gamtarebel ganyofilebas yovel dRe mosdis Suamdgom­
loba, rom rogorme dRiuri sarCo mainc iqnes gadidebuli. agrarul
reformaTa ganyofilebam aRZra saTanado Suamdgomloba, magram cen­
tralur saadgil-mamulo komisiam am sakiTxis gadawyveta daukavSi­
ra saerTo Statebis gadidebas, da radganac es Statebi jer ar aris
Semotanili, amitom moxda erTgvari saqmis arev-dareva, radganac
saukeTeso muSakebi, vinaidan isini gacilebiT naklebs iReben vidre
sxva dawesebulebebSi, garbian saadgil-mamulo dawesebulebebidan
da mimRebel komisiebidan, da amiT, rasakvirvelia, saqme ferxdeba.
amitom miwad moqmedebis saministros Semoaqvs es kanon-proeqti da
iTxovs rom Tavmjdomares komisiisas, mis wevrebs da miwis mzomelebs
gaedidos dRiuri sarCo 15 dan 25-T maneTamde.
(anjafariZis moxsenebis dros Tavmjdomaris alags iWers simon
mdivani).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. maSasadame pirveli ganxil­
va damTavrebuli aris. Semdegi kanon-proeqti. momxsenebelia imnaiS­
vili.

kanon-proeqti saSualo da umaRles dawyebiT


skolisaTvis 4.075,581 m. 16 k. gadadebisa Tan.
saq. parl. 1919 w. ianvris 28 kanonisa.

n. imnaiSvili. rogorc mogxsendaT, es kanon-proeqti miRebuli


aris parlamentis mier ukve ianvarSi, magram, vinaidan darTuli ar
qonda Tan xarjT-aRricxva, amisTvis saamiso krediti gaxsnili ar
iyo. exla es xarjT-aRricxva warmodgenilia. magram, vinaidan, es aris
kanon-proeqtis saxiT, amitom am kreditis gaxsnis saqme kidev ufro
dagviandeba. amitom ganaTlebis komisia iTxovs, rom es miRebuli iyos
dekretis saxiT, rom amiT daCqardes am kreditis gaxsnis saqme.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs vuyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv gan­
xilvisa? maSasadame unda iyos ganxiluli. Semotanili aris wina­
dadeba social-demokratiis fraqciisa, rom es ganvixiloT ara ro­
gorc kanon-proeqti, aramed rogorc dekreti. vin aris momxre, rom
dekretaT iqnes es ganxiluli? maSasadame, es ganxiluli iqneba ro­
gorc dekreti. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs 1, 2, 3 muxls).
dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia.
dekreti gadaeca saredaqcio komisias.

483
kanon-proeqti samoqalaqo kanonTa kreb. me-10-e tom.
1-el nawil. me-9-e muxl. da sisxlis samarTlis sasj.
debul. me-1665 mux. gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-­


proeqtisa samoqalaqo kanonTa krebulis me-10 tomis pirvel nawilis
me-9 muxlisa da sisxlis samarTlis sasjelTa debulebis me-1665 mux.
gauqmebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia krebis wevri maWavariani.
ioseb maWavariani. ruseTis kanonTa krebulSi moTavsebulia ram­
denime muxli. romelic Seexeba qorwinebis uflebis SezRudvas.
jer kidev petre didis dros iyo gamocemuli iseTi kanoni, romel­
ic zRudavda am uflebas samxedro pirebisaTvis. Semdeg iyo es ufleba
SezRuduli agreTve samoqalaqo pirebisaTvis. samoqalaqo kanonTa me-
10-e tom. 1 nawilis me-9-e muxlSi naTqvamia, rom: (kiTxulobs). xolo
sisxlis samarTlis sasjelTa debulebis me-1665 muxlSi naTqvamia Sem­
degi: (kiTxulobs).
umTavresi mizani qorwinebis uflebis SezRudvisa iyo, rasakvir­
velia, wodebrivi interesi da mere piradi Tavisuflebis SezRudva.
es kanoni, rogorc xedavT, dro-moWmulia exla, amitom saministrom
Semoitana kanon-proeqti, romliTac unda gauqmdes dRemdi arsebuli
Zveli debuleba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? aravis.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT? aravin.
maSasadame muxlobriv ganxilva moxdeba saTanado xnis gasvlis Semdeg.
Semdegi sakiTxi:

SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa


mTavrobisadmi sasamarTlo palatis ufrosi
Tavmjdomaris mRvdliSvilis daTxovnis Sesaxeb.

gTxovT waikiTxoT teqsti.


mdivani (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis teqsts).
Tavmjdomare. am SekiTxvis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs
giorgi gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava (er.-dem.). me vTxoulob cota SeCerdes SekiTxvis
ganxilva imitom, rom veli iusticiis ministrs da mis gancxadebas. Tu
aseTi gancxadeba iqneba, imisda mixedviT, SeiZleba es SekiTxva moixsnas.
me ar minda kerZo laparaki daviwyo.
Tavmjdomare. reglamentis ZaliT, SemkiTxvelma sityviT mainc
unda isargeblos. rasakvirvelia mTavrobis warmomadgeneli giaxle­
baT da pasuxs gagcemT. magram vimeoreb, SekiTxvis avtorma sityviT
unda isargeblos.

484
giorgi gvazava. me ar mindoda ametexa exla dava imitom, rom ker­
Zo laparakidan vici, rom b. jafariZe gadayenebuli aris. maSasadame
mTavrobam icno, rom ukanono iyo zogierTi misi gankarguleba. amiT
SeiZleba Cveni fraqcia dakmayofildes mxolod maSin, roca mTavroba
amas ganacxadebs da daadasturebs. amitom ar mgonia, rom saWiro iyos
arsebiTad Seudge am sakiTxis moxsenebas da ganxilvas. Tu mainca da
mainc gnebavT, mokled mogaxsenebT raSia saqme (xma: ar gvinda!).
sam maiss palatis ufros Tavmjdomares Cabarda gankarguleba
iusticiis ministris amxanagisa, rom igi gadayenebulia da agreTve
misi kancelaria gauqmebuli. iusticiis ministris amxanagi asabuTeb­
da Tavis gankargulebas imiT, rom 5 ivniss gamovida kanoni Statebis
Semcirebis Sesaxeb. Tu waikiTxavT am kanons, Tqven dainaxavT, rom es
kanoni araviTar uflebas ar aZlevda ministris amxanags gamoeca ase­
Ti gankarguleba. gamodis ise, rom TiTqos 5 ivnisis kanoni asrulebu­
li ar yofila. maSin iusticiis ministrad iyo mesxiSvili. Cven Segvi­
Zlian miviRoT iseTi STabeWdileba, rom TiTqo mesxiSvils araferi
ar gaukeTebia, Tumca kanoni gamovida, magram yuradReba ar miuqcevia
da Sesaxeb Statebis Semcirebisa araferi ar mouxdenia, es ki ase ar
aris. Cven viciT, Tu ra mizani hqonda am kanons. es kanoni ganxorciele­
buli da asrulebuli iyo ministris mier. kanoni, rogorc saTauri­
dan sCans, Seexeba Statebis Semcirebas. maSin sasamarTlos palata iyo
palata mTel kavkasiisa, maSin es iyo didi uSvelebeli dawesebule­
ba, romelic awesrigebda sasamarTlos saqmeebs am did teritoriaze.
roca saqarTvelo gamoiyo, gamoacxada Tavis damoukidebloba, misi
teritoria Semcirda, aseTi uSvelebeli palata saWiro aRar iyo.
ministrma moaxdina es Semcireba, romelzedac kanoni laparakobs. ma­
Sin iyo 6 departamenti, 4 samoqalaqo, ori departamenti sisxlis sa­
samarTlosi. maSindel ministrma Seamcira es ricxvi, darCa mxolod
ori departamenti: erTi samoqalaqo da meore sisxlis sasamarTlosi.
maSasadame Semcireba, is Semcireba, romelzedac laparakobs 5 ivni­
sis kanoni, ukve momxdari faqti iyo. gadayenebuli iyo samsaxuridan
4 Tavmjdomare am departamentebidan, maTi mdivnebi da 20-25 wevri am
departamentebisa.
TiTon kanonSi aris naTqvami: „dauyoneblivi Semcireba.“ es sityva
„dauyoneblivi“ naxmari aris, maSasadame, am kanons hqonda droebiTi
xasiaTi, mizani am kanonisa winaswar gansazRvruli iyo da brZaneba
kanonisa Sesrulebuli iyo dauyovnebliv.
meore, rodesac gavida 7-6 Tve, ministris amxanagi sargeblobs
swored am kanoniT da ambobs, Statebi unda SevamciroTo. Tqven xedavT
aqedan, rom am gankargulebas araviTari loRikuri safuZveli ara
aqvs. iq laparakia Statebis Semcirebaze, aq ki gadayenebuli ufro­
si Tavmjdomare palatisa. rom Tavmjdomare ramdenime pirisagan Ses­
dgebodes, kidev SesaZlebeli iqneboda aseTi axsna. magram ufrosi
Tavmjdomare mxolod erTia da misi Semcireba yovlad SeuZlebelia,

485
agreTve misi kancelariis, Statis Semcireba sxvaa da kancelariis
gauqmeba sul sxvaa.
bolos da bolos gamodis, rom es gankarguleba kanonieri ki ar
aris, kanons ki ar emyareba, aramed es gaxlavT magaliTi namdvil TviT­
nebobisa. aq mxolod TviTneboba aris ministris amxanagisa, mas undoda
gadayeneba ufrosi Tavmjdomarisa da gadaayena kidec. TiTon minis­
tris amxanagi ambobs, rom ufrosi Tavmjdomaris movaleobas vandob
ama da am pirso. maSasadame, es Tanamdeboba ki ar yofila gauqmebuli,
es aris formaluri mxare sakiTxisa.
me moveli axsnas ministrisa da maSin ufro dawvrilebiT mogiy­
vanT faqtebs, Tu ram miiyvana b. ministris amxanagi am zomamde, am kan­
onis darRvevamde.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis ministrs b. gegeWkors.
iusticiis ministri evgeni gegeWkori. moqalaqeno, me mgonia,
rom yovelive SekiTxva unda iyos aSenebuli raime faqtze. SekiTxvis
avtors, rasakvirvelia unda hqondes gaTvaliswinebuli, rom moxda
romelime aqti, romlis Sinaarsi, an formaluri mxare mas miaCnia mi­
uReblad, da ai swored am niadagze Sendeba SekiTxva.
me unda ganvacxado Tqven winaSe, rom is faqti, romelzedac iyo
aSenebuli es SekiTxva, is gankarguleba, romelic moaxdina iustici­
is ministris yofilma amxanagma, sergo jafariZem, es gankarguleba
me ukve gavauqme, ise rom aRdgenili aris status quo. am SemTxvevaSi me
mgonia, rom yovelnairi niadagi im laparaks, romelic Tqven aq mois­
mineT, espoba, da me swored vfiqrobdi, rom es SekiTxva ukanve iqnebo­
da waRebuli.
ar davmalav Tqvens winaSe, rom me winaswar SekiTxvis avtori ga­
vafrTxile. man Zalian kargaT icis, rom es gankarguleba ukve ar ar­
sebobs. maSasadame Tfilisis palatis ufrosi b. mRvdliSvili Tavis
adgilzea, da me vfiqrob exla laparaki am SekiTxvaze da am SekiTxvis
irgvliv yovlad uniadagoa da mxolod dros waarTmevs damfuZnebel
krebas.
ai aseTi aris saqmis mdgomareoba. meti ganmarteba me zedmetad mi­
maCnia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis sergi jafariZes.
sergi jafariZe. (s. d.) Tumca aseTi mimarTuleba miiRo sakiTxma,
magram me mainc unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi. (gvazava: aki mogaxseneT, rom
movxsni. Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, gTxovT dabrZandeT). kanonSi naTq­
vamia pirdapir ese (kiTxulobs). an, meore muxli (kiTxulobs).
es kanoni ukve gamoqveynda da iusticiis ministrma mesxiSvilma is­
argebla imiT da Seamcira Statebi, rogorc amaze mogaxsenaT SekiTx­
vis avtorma. maSasadame, erTi sakiTxi iyo gadasaWreli. am kanonis
gamoyenebas daekarga Zala Tu ara? 22 weliwadi iurisprudenciasTan
maqvs saqme, kanonis ganmartebas vaxden da Cems winaSe aseTi pasuxi
daisva: is kanoni, romelSiac ar aris aRniSnuli vada imis moqmedebi­

486
sa, an romelSiac ar aris gansazRvruli, rom am kanoniT sargebloba
SeiZleba mxolod erTxel, erT aqtis moxdeniT, es kanoni, Cemis azriT,
yovelTvis ZalaSi rCeba.
am Cemma ganmartebam, rogorc me Cemi rwmeniT mesmis, gamoiwvia
dava da am davis niadagze me gadavdeqi, radganac iusticiis ministri,
rogorc Semdeg gamoirkva amaSi ar dameTanxma. amitom me gadavdeqi da
is darCa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. im gancxadebiT, romelic gaakeTa iusticiis min­
istrma da misma yofilma amxanagma, Cveni fraqcia dakmayofilebuli
aris.
Cven vxedavT, maSasadame, rom mTavroba iziarebs Cven azrs, rom
ukanonoba da usamarTloba moxda, da imeds gamovsTqvamT, rom amisTa­
na moqmedebas, rasakvirvelia, adgili aRar eqneba.
am mosazrebiT Cven dakmayofilebulni varT da vxsniT Cven SekiTxvas.
Tavmjdomare. me Zalian bodiSs vixdi, magram im gancxadebis Sem­
deg, romelic avtorma Semoitana, me erTad erT SesaZleblad mimaCnia
davsva sakiTxi amis Sesaxeb. unda mogaxsenoT, rom raki moxsnili aris
SekiTxva, (marTla giTxraT, reglamentSi araviTari saxelmZRvane­
lo ar gvaqvs) piradad ese mimaCnia: _ aSkaraa, unda gadavideT Semdeg
sakiTxze. sxvanairi gamosavali ar aris.
neba miboZeT sakiTxi amowurulad CavTvalo. avtorma es sakiTxi
amowurulad CaTvala da ama Tu im sabuTiT, ama Tu im mosazrebiT xsnis
SekiTxvas.
neba miboZeT gadavide Semdeg sakiTxze, Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT

SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa


mTavrobisadmi Zegvis xidis amfeTqebelTa sikvdiliT
dasjis 12 w. katorRiT Secvlis gamo.

gTxovT waikiTxoT SekiTxvis teqsti.


mdivani. (kiTxulobs er.-dem. fr. SekiTxvis teqsts).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. batonebo, am sakiTxs aqvs konstitucionuri xas­
iaTi da exla SeiZleba es moixsnas sxva da sxva mosazrebis gamo.
Semdegi SekiTxva aris kidev maTi ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. am
SekiTxvaze unda gavCerdeT.
am sakiTxs ki, romelic aris sakonstitucio sakiTxi: Tu vis aqvs
Sewynarebis ufleba, _ me exla am Jamad, ar minda vilaparako. amitom es
SekiTxva me unda movxsna.
Tavmjdomare. maSin neba miboZeT gancxadebiT davkmayofildeT da
gadavideT Semdeg sakiTxze.

487
SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa
mTavrobisadmi Zegvis xidis amfeTq. da sxvaTa
sasjelis sruliad ganTavisuflebis gamo.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT SekiTxvis teqsti.


mdivani. (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis teqsts).
giorgi gvazava (er.-dem.). ai batonebo, es ukanaskneli sakiTxi, ro­
melic Tqven moismineT, _ imas aqvs didi mniSvneloba.
sasamarTlos mier es pirebi cnobili iyvnen damnaSaved, maT gadau­
wyvites sasjeli. Semdeg imaT Seumcires sasjeli (esec miviRoT mxedv­
elobaSi), magram mainc yovlad gaugebari aris, Tu rogor moxda, rom
es pirebi sruliad ganTavisufldnen sasjelisagan, Cven ar viciT nam­
dvilad ra moxda, ra iyo is Zala, romelmac aq iCina Tavi? me warmoud­
genlad mimaCnia maTi ganTavisufleba mas aqeT, rac es pirebi dapatim­
rebulni iyvnen da sasjeli unda yofiliyo asrulebaSi moyvanili.
rogor moxda, rom imaT mianiWes sruli Tavisufleba? es aris namd­
vili waSla sasamarTlos ganaCenisa, es aris uaryofa sasamarTlosi.
amas damtkiceba da ganmarteba ar unda. sasamarTlo imitom aris sa­
samarTlo, rom imis dadgenileba aris kanoni, romelic unda asrul­
des; is, vinc ar aasrulebs, an vinc xels Seuwyobs imis ar asrulebas,
is TiTon aris didi damnaSave saxelmwifos winaSe. Tu Cven aRmouCineT
raime saSualeba damnaSaves, romelsac gansakuTrebuli sasjeli aqvs
misjili, sasjelis asacileblad, Cvenc iseTive damnaSaveni varT, ise­
Tive pasuxismgebelni, da SeiZleba iseTive sasjelis Rirsni, rogoric
hqonda gadawyvetili TiTon ganTavisuflebul damnaSaves. ai amitom
SemovitaneT SekiTxva. ra moxda, ra iyo iseTi Zala, romelmac amoiCina
Tavi da aiZula mTavroba, rom am pirT miscemodaT Tavisufleba?
Cven vicavT Cven suverenobas, magram Tu sasamarTlos sferoSi
igi daculi ar aris, laparaki suverenobaze zedmetia. SeiZleba su­
verenoba ase Tu ise Seilaxos teritoriis daWeriT, ucxo Zalis Se­
mosvliT, magram merwmuneT, rom amas, am ucxo Zalis Semosvlas ara
aqvs iseTi mniSvneloba, rogorc sasamarTlos Selaxvas. Tu aq sxva
Zala ereva da spobs sasamarTlos, damerwmuneT, rom yovlad SeuZle­
belia aq suverenobaze laparaki. da Tu is momenti dadga, rom mTavro­
ba iZulebuli iyo angariSi gaewia, me mgonia mTavroba valdebuli iyo
CvenTvis moexsenebina es garemoeba, aq, damfuZnebel krebis winaSe, da
Cven erTnair msjavrs gamovitandiT, erTnair sulier ganwyobilebas
SevqmnidiT xalxSi. marTla Cveni sasamarTlo iseTi xom ar aris, ro­
gorc velur xalxebisa, zulusebisa, kafrebisa.
magram Cven kargad viciT, da yvelam icis, rom Cveni sasamarTlo
arafriT Camouvardeba evropis sasamarTlos. Cveni sasamarTlo age­
buli aris imave principze, ra principze agebuli aris igi safrangeT­
Si, an SveicariaSi. Cveni wesi saqmis gamoZiebisa, saqmis warmoeba sa­
samarTloSi, damnaSavis interesebis dacva da sxva sul sityva-sityviT

488
aris gadmoTargmnili, im ukanasknel magaliTebisagan, romlebsac Cven
vxedavT safrangeTSi da sxva ganaTlebul saxelmwifoebSi. maSasadame,
Cveni sasamarTlo marTlac ise maRla sdgas, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia
am sasamarTlos angariSi ar gauwion, da Cven ise mogvepyron, rogorc
epyrobian kafrebs an zulusebs.
ai amitom me viTxov ganmartebas imisa, Tu rogor moxda es da ra
Zalam aiZula Cveni mTavroba, rom iman daarRvia kanoni? aq iseTi dar­
Rvevaa kanonisa, rom sxvagan TviTon mTavrobas gadaayeneben xolme, da
pasuxis gebaSi aZleven.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis ministrs.
iusticiis ministri evgeni gegeWkori. es sakiTxi, rom, ai swored
ise iyo dayenebuli, rogorc aq krebis wevri gvazava ganmartebas
iZleoda, Tavis Tavad cxadia, yovelive is mosazrebani, romelic man
moiyvana angariS gasawevi aris.
piradad me sruliad ar minda Tqven winaSe davmalo, rom sazoga­
dod Smagailovis danaSauloba da mTeli es istoria Tavidanve ara
normalur pirobebSi iyo gaxveuli. yvela Tqvengans kargad moexsen­
eba, rom am sakiTxisadmi metad mwvave da didi interesi gamoiCina in­
glisis sardlobam, isic mogexsenebaT Tqven, Tu raze iyo agebuli es
interesi. inglisis sardlobam Tavidanve ganacxada, rom Smagailovi
_ es misi agenti aris da is rac man moimoqmeda, es iyo mimarTuli ara
saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdeg, aramed misi mtris, germaniis
da germaniis koaliciis winaaRmdeg.
me ar Seudgebi sruliad imis ganmartebas Tu ramdenad dasabuTebu­
li iyo is motivebi, mxolod aRvniSnav Tqvens winaSe im faqts, romel­
ic yvela Tqvengans kargad moexseneba.
arc es minda me uarvyo, rom marTlac, rogorc sakiTxi sasamarT­
losi, misi prestiJis dacvisa, es sakiTxi, Tavis Tavad cxadia, ar iyo
Catarebuli ise, rogorc amas saqme moiTxovda, magram aseTi msjelo­
ba iqneba msjeloba ganyenebuli, realur pirobebs acdenili da ai
swored am realur pirobebis angariSis ar gaweva.
me unda aRvniSno, rom es sakiTxi bolos da bolos gaxda saerTaSo­
riso sakiTxad. rodesac saqarTvelos mTavroba darwmunda amaSi da
miiRo imis dasamtkicebeli sabuTebi, rom marTla Smagailovi ingli­
sis agentia, rom is Tavis moqmedebaSi xelmZRvanelobda im motivebiT,
romelzedac Tavidanve migviTiTa Cven inglisis sardlobam, Cvenc ar
SegveZlo amisTvis angariSi ar gagvewia da swored maSin, rodesac es
gaxda saerTaSoriso sakiTxad, _ Cven, mTavrobam, davinaxeT saWirod
gadagvedga is nabiji, romelic gadavdgiT.
SesaZlebeli aris, rom damfuZnebelma krebam gaiziaros is, rac
aq brZana b. gvazavam, rom Cven winaswar am SemTxvevaSi unda es sakiTxi
gagvexada sagnad Tqveni msjelobisa da gadawyvetisa. me ar vici,
formaluri sabuTi aq ar iyo, piriqiT is dadgenileba, romelic dam­
fuZnebelma krebam gamoitana, Cven gvaZlevda uflebas gvefiqrna, rom

489
patiebis ufleba es aris ufleba mTavrobisa, da ramdenadac maxsovs, wi­
naaRmdeg azrs swored b. gvazava icavda. is da misi partia, am SemTxveva­
Si, gancalkevebuli darCa. (xmauroba) Tu ar vscdebi social-revoli­
ucionerebic. (xmauroba. xma: parlaments ekuTvnis es ufleba!).
yovel SemTxvevaSi, umravlesoba arc arsebiTad, arc formalu­
rad aseT azrs ar iziarebda. maSasadame, konstituciis darRvevas aq,
rasakvirvelia, adgili ara aqvs, radganac Cven gadavdgiT nabiji, ro­
melic sruliad eTanxmeboda Cvens gadawyvetilebas.
meore sakiTxi swored amasTan aris dakavSirebuli. es is, rom iyo
Tu ara Cveni suverenobisTvis, Cven saxelmwifos da damfuZnebeli kre­
bis prestiJis dasacavad saWiro, Cven mier am sakiTxis aq Tqvens wi­
naSe dasma. me vfiqrob, vinc am sakiTxs Rrmad Caswvdeba da yovelnair
pirobebs angariSs gauwevs, me danamdvilebiT SemiZlian vsTqva, rom
Tu es nabiji, CvenTvis kidev saTuoT aris, Tu es nabiji marTlac vis­
mes prestiJs amcirebs, _ Cven ar gvqonda am SemTxvevaSi ufleba, rom es
sakiTxi gagvexada Tqveni msjelobis, gadawyvetilebis da moqmedebis
sagnad. raTa da rogor? amaze zedmetia laparaki. Tqven advilad mix­
vdebiT da gaigebT.
ai Cveni ganmarteba. aq dava imazea, rom sasamarTlos Rirseba
Cven ver davicaviT da Cven ver SevasruleT is, rac saWiro iyo, Cve­
nis azriT, aq zedmetia. albad amaze kidev ufro magari, ufro la­
mazi sityvebi iTqmoda. am sakiTxSi albad, Cvenc ar CamovrCebodiT b.
gvazavas. Cven SeiZleba ufro farTodac dagvesva es sakiTxi, mxolod
me unda aRvniSno, rom mas Semdeg, rac es sakiTxi gaxda saerTaSori­
so sakiTxad, mas Semdeg, rac Cven davrwmundiT, rom Smagailovi iyo
marTladac agenti inglisisa, mas Semdeg, rac Cven movismineT, rom in­
gliss ar ZaluZs moiTminos, radganac xedavs, rom misi agenti ar xe­
lmZRvanelobda im viwro mosazrebiT, romelzedac iyo gamotanili
ganaCeni saqarTvelos sasamarTlosi, aramed mas hqonda ufro farTo
motivebi da farTo gegma, da ingliss ar ZaluZs, rom man ar daicvas
Tavisi Rirseba da is mosTxovs saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas,
rom man gaanTavisuflos misi agenti, _ Cven marTladac gauwieT an­
gariSi da Smagailovi sruliad gavanTavisufleT. me vaRiareb Tqvens
winaSe, rom Cven Cveni uflebiT, patiebis uflebiT visargebleT da
Smagailovi aramc Tu saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan, aramed amier-kavka­
siis sazRvrebidan gavaZeveT.
aseTia, batonebo, saqmis mdgomareoba. me vfiqrob, rom am SemTx­
vevaSi Cven ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT sxva da sxva mosazrebebiT, unda
davrCeT realur niadagze.
ai amiT xelmZRvanelobda mTavroba Tavis moqmedebaSi, da me mgo­
nia, rom mTavrobis aseT moqmedebaSi iseT did danaSauls, rogorc
fiqrobs da eZiebs b. gvazava, miudgomlad veravin ver naxavs.
mTavroba acxadebs, rom swored Cveni saxelmwifos interesebi
moiTxovda, rom Cven es nabiji gadagvedga, da gadavdgiT kidec.

490
exla, rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebelma krebam unda sTqvas Tavisi
sityva, da marTlac, Tu damfuZnebeli kreba dainaxavs, rom aq mTav­
robam, an misma erTma wevrma, iusticiis ministrma, es danaSauloba
Caidina, maSin, rasakvirvelia, iusticiis ministri Sesafer daskvnas
gamoitans.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gr. giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, dayenebul SekiTxvaSi da im
ganmartebaSi, romelic Cven movismineT am SekiTxvis avtorisgan,
sakiTxebi erTi meoreSi aris areuli.
aq laparakobdnen, rom sasamarTlos dadgenileba gauqmebulia,
rom raRac Zala Caeria sasamarTlos saqmeebSi da amiT sasamarTlos
uflebebi Sekvecilia, Seryvnilia sasamarTlo. me mgonia, es ese ar
aris. sasamarTloSi jer gamoZieba iyo am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, sasamarT­
lom es saqme gaarCia, Tavisi ganaCeni gamoitana. aq araviTari gareSe
Zala, araviTari gavlena sasamarTloze ar yofila, _ maSin es ganaCen­
ma dagvanaxva Cven, rodesac es saqme irCeoda da Cvenma sasamarTlom
daamtkica, rom is aris sruliad damoukidebeli. amiT gaTavda sa­
samarTlos funqciebi.
mere iwyoba meore mxare, mxare praqtikuli da politikuri, da
rogorc aq iyo aRniSnuli _ saerTaSorisoc. amis Semdeg mTavrobis
winaSe daisva es sakiTxi, da mTavrobam miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi yvela
pirobebi, rogorc saerTaSoriso ise adgilobrivi da sxva pirobebi,
man gamoitana erTgvari dadgenileba da esa Tu is pirovneba man Sei­
wyala, an da ama Tu im pirovnebas sasjeli Seucvala. es dadgenileba
mTavrobisa iyo mizan Sewonili, ese iyo dakavSirebuli sxva da sxva
pirobebTan, romelnic Cven garSemo arseboben.
ai exla ismis sakiTxi _ aseT pirobebSi, rodesac mTavroba awar­
moebs erTgvar politikas, gamoaqvs esa Tu is dadgenileba ama Tu im
sakiTxis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi Cveni suvereniteti ilaxeba Tu ara, ro­
melime dadgenilebis gamotaniT? suverenoba, batonebo, maSin Seilaxe­
ba, rodesac romelime sxva Zala TviTon gaauqmebs sasamarTlos dadge­
nilebas, an vinmes cixidan gamouSvebs, magram rodesac mTavroba TviT
xedavs, rom pirobebis mixedviT, romelic arsebobs, misTvis aucilebe­
li aris esa Tu is nabiji gadasdgas, imitom, rom daicvas Cveni damou­
kidebloba da suveneroba, is am SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflad moqmedobs, _
amaSi araviTari darRveva suverenitetisa ar aris. winaaRmdeg SemTx­
vevaSi Tqven SegiZliaT nabiji mTavrobisa, yovelive misi dadgenile­
baSi, romelic gamomdinareobs ama Tu im praqtikul mosazrebidan, ama
Tu im ZalTa ganwyobilebidan, dainaxoT suverenobis Selaxva. ai ami­
tom, sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi xeluxlebeli aris. mTavrobam gadas­
dga es nabiji, gadaswyvita es sakiTxi, rogorc amas moiTxovs Seqmnili
pirobebi, da am SemTxvevaSi Cveni suverenoba xeluxlebeli aris.
im pirobebSi da praqtikaSi, romelic dRes arsebobs, mTavrobas
hqonda ufleba, rogorc ganaCenis Secvlis, ise visime Sewyalebis.

491
maSasadame, man ganaxorciela Tavisi ufleba, romelic hqonda, sanam
damfuZnebeli kreba sxvas, sxva dadgenilebas ar gamoitans am konsti­
tucionur sakiTxis Sesaxeb. mTavroba ganacxadebs Tavis uflebas ise,
rogorc amas moiTxovs adgilobrivad Seqmnili pirobebi, da misgan
gadadgmuli nabiji, Cvenis azriT, am SemTxvevaSi, aris rogorc kanon­
ieri, ise mizanSewonili.
sp. kedia. batonebo, Smagailovis sakiTxi erTob seriozuli sa­
kiTxia, mas aqvs didi principialuri saxelmwifoebrivi xasiaTi. igi
samarTlianad aRelvebs sazogadoebriv sindiss. me ver warmovidgen,
rom Cvens mTavrobas Tavis Tavad, Tavis iniciativiT da gareSe Zalis
Caurevlad saxelmwifo damnaSave Smagailovi cixidan gamoeSva. Tqven
kargad mogexsenebaT, Tu ra pirobebSi gairCia Smagailovis saqme. mo­
gexsenebaT, Tu ra garemoebebi iyo, rodesac saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
somxebi galaSqrebas apirobdnen.
amas winad miuZRoda agreTve oktombris Sua ricxvebSi somexTa
jaris saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg aqtiuri moqmedeba; Tqven isic kargad
iciT, rom somxebi maSin sxvebsac ukavSirdeboden Cvens winaaRmdeg,
rom CrdiloeTidan somxeTis dasaxmareblad rusis Zalebic modioda.
am dros saWiro iyo Sig saqarTveloSi Sinaur ajanyebisa da amboxebis
mowyoba. saqarTvelom es rom igrZno, fexze dadga da ZalTa mobili­
zacias Seudga. swored am dros b. Smagailovi afeTqebs Zegvis xids,
rom amiT SeuZlebeli gamxdariyo saqarTvelos yvela nawilebidan meo­
mar ZalTa Semokreba. gasagebia is Rrma aRSfoTeba, romelsac iwvevs
es garemoeba mTels saqarTveloSi; da ai am xalxis saqme, Smagailovisa
da kompaniisa, gaarCia kidec sasamarTlom, romelmac maT sikvdiliT
dasja gadauwyvita. mTeli qarTveli xalxi moeloda am kanonier sas­
jelis aRsrulebaSi moyvanas. aseTi iyo is sulieri ganwyobileba da
fsixologiuri atomosfera, romelSiac imyofeboda mTeli saqarTve­
lo. xalxi moeloda rom saqarTvelos sityva da ganaCeni pativis ce­
maSi darCeboda, aseT damnaSaveT Rirseuli sasjeli gardaxdebodaT.
magram viciT, rom Smagailovi dRes Tavisufalia da arxeinad das­
eirnobs. irkveva, rom mTavroba Tvis nebis patroni ar iyo am saqmeSi,
b. ministrma Tvis sityvaSi, kidevac aRniSna, aq saerTaSoriso xasiaTis
politikuri momentia Careuli. me mgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSiac mTav­
robas didi danaSauli Caudenia, radgan man aSkarad SebRala saqarT­
velos saxeli da prestiJi, da Cveni marTlmsajuloba; da es moxda ise,
rom damfuZnebel krebas amis Sesaxeb araferi moxsenebia. Tqma imisa aq,
TiTqos mTavrobas hqonda amis ufleba da rom aq araviTari presti­
Ji ar aris Selaxuli, safuZvels moklebulia. rodesac gareSe Zala
modis ieriSiT Cvens sasamarTlos Rirsebis winaaRmdeg da mis dadge­
nilebas abaTilebs, rodesac gareSe Zala saqmeSi ereva da saxelmwifo
damnaSavis ganTavisuflebas moiTxovs, mTavroba valdebuli iyo mTe­
lis Tavis simtkiciT amarTuliyo Tavis sasamarTlos dasacavad, Tun­
dac krizisi Seqmniliyo amis garSemo, imitom, rom es sakiTxi ZiriTadi

492
sakiTxia erovnul Rirsebisa, Tavmoyvareobisa, marTlmsajulobisa
da suvenerobisa. Cven mTavrobas es azrad ar mosvlia, da miisakuTra
ufleba es sakiTxi Tavis kabinetSi gadaeWra. aseTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi,
romlis garSemo mTeli eris guli da gonebaa mokrefili da romelic
mis ZiriTadi Rirsebis sakiTxs Seadgens, mTavrobis kabinetSi ver gad­
awydeba. damfuZnebeli kreba am SemTxvevaSi mTavrobas mieSveleboda.
rodesac mTavroba xedavs, rom mas aiZuleben Tavis qveynis suveneroba
sakuTari xeliT Sealaxvion, man unda mouwodos qveyanas, yovel cocx­
al Zalas, uwinares yovlisa parlaments. mTavrobis xelSi mZlavr
damxmared am SemTxvevaSi iyo damfuZnebeli kreba. mTavrobam es ver
gamoiyena, Tavisa da Tavis qveynis Rirsebis dasacavad. da ai sworeT es
aris samwuxaro movlena da amaSia misi danaSaulic. dRes tribunaze
es sakiTxi imitom gamovitaneT, rom Semdeg mainc iseTi sakiTxi, rome­
lic exeba eris ZiriTad Rirsebas, marTlmsajulobas da suverenobas,
Sinaurulad ar gadaswydes xolme; mTavrobam unda gamoiyenos yvela
is Zala, romelic mis xelSi aris, da ara dasTmos-ra im sakiTxSi, rome­
lic exeba Cven xalxis, Cven qveynis suverenobas. marTalia, is gancxade­
ba, romelic Cven movismineT mTavrobisagan, Seicavs motivebs sinanu­
lisas rom es ese moxda, magram es sakmarisi ar aris. Cven gamovsTqvamT
imeds, rom SemdegSi mainc aseTnairi sakiTxi ar gadawydeba mTavro­
bis wreSi. Cven am sakiTxis garSemo ar gvindoda Segveqmna didi Sex­
la Semoxla. magram rac iTqva, is unda Tqmuliyo, rom SemdegSi mainc
metis sifrTxiliT da mokrZalebiT moepyras saqarTvelos mTavroba
saqarTvelos Rirsebas.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs kidev sityva? msurveli aravin gaxlavT.
maSasadame kamaTi dasrulebulia.
me maqvs aq ori rezoliucia, erTi damfuZnebel krebis erovnul-­
demokratiul fraqciisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis formula.

mdivani (kiTxulobs): „damfuZnebeli kreba, moismina ra mTavrobis


ganmarteba Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganaCeniT dasjilTa Smagailovisa
da kuCariancis ganTavisuflebisa, darwmunebulia imaSi, rom saqa­
rTvelos mTavroba momavalSi SesZlebs saqarTvelos suverenobis
dacvas saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis yovel sferoSi, _ morig sakiT­
xze gadadis“.
Tavmjdomare. gaxlavT meore rezoliucia social-demokratiul
fraqciisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

493
soc. dem. fraqciis formula.

mdivani (kiTxulobs): „moismina ra SekiTxva Zegvis xidis amfeTqe­


belTa sasjelisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb da mTavrobis ganmarte­
ba am sakiTxze, damfuZnebeli kreba aRiarebs, rom Seqmnil saerTaSo­
riso pirobebSi mTavrobis moqmedeba mizanSewonili gamosavali gza
iyo da gadadis morig sakiTxze“.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri pirvel rezoliucias. vin aris winaaRm­
degi? (umravlesoba winaaRmdegia). vin aris momxre? (momxreni arian
erovnul-demokratebi). vin Seikava Tavi? (Tavi Seikaves federal­
istebma. maSasadame rezoliucia uaryofilia. vin aris momxre me-2-e
rezoliuciisa? miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi? (winaaRmdegni ari­
an er.-demokratebi). Tavi vin Seikava? (soc.-fed. Tavs ikaveben).
Semdegi kanon-proeqti saxelmwifos mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis
momatebisa. momxsenebelia WavWaniZe.

proeqti dekretisa samoqalaqo uwyebaTa saxelmwifo


mosamsaxu­r eTa jamagiris momatebisa.

ivane WavWaniZe (momxsenebeli). moqalaqeno, es kanon-proeqti Seexe­


ba im mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis momatebas, romelnic msaxuroben
samoqalaqo uwyebebSi.
zogierT mosamsaxureebs, rogorc magaliTad, rkinis gzis mosam­
saxureebs Cven ukve moumateT jamagiri. rac Seexeba samxedro uwyebis
mosamsaxureebis jamagiris momatebas, saTanado uwyebis mier calke
iqneba Semotanili kanon-proeqti.
mTavrobis azriT, im jamagirebis datoveba mosamsaxureebisaT­
vis, romelsac isini dRes iReben, yovlad SeuZlebelia. imdenad gaZ­
virda yvelaferi mas Semdeg, rac ukanaskneli momateba miiRes, rom
dRevandel pirobebisTvis jamagirebis arsebuli odenoba Zalian
mcirea. mTavroba Semodis winadadebiT, rom am mosamsaxureebs jama­
giri gaudidoT.
aq warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi Semdegi principi aris miRebuli:
yvela mosamsaxureebi dayofili arian 3 kategoriaT: pirvel kategori­
aSi Sedian is mosamsaxureebi, romelic iRebdnen ara umetes 450 mane­
Tisa, Semdeg is mosamsaxureebi, romelnic 450 m.-dan 1000 maneTamde Sig
CarTviT da mesame kategoriaSi _ isini, romelnic 1000 maneTze mets
iReben. Tan aRniSnuli aris, rom es kanon-proeqti ar vrceldeba rkinis
gzis mosamsaxureebze da agreTve samxedro mosamsaxureebze. sabiuje­
to komisiam am kanon-proeqtis ganxilvis dros gamohyo am kanon-pro­
eqtidan fosta-telegrafis uwyebis mosamsaxureebic, radganac im
masalebis mixedviT, romelic mas hqonda, fosta-telegrafis mosamsax­
ureni gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. im cifrebis mixed­

494
viT, romelic Cven gvaqvs, fosta-telegrafis dabali mosamsaxureni
iReben dRes yvelgan 580 maneTs, am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT ki isini miiRe­
ben 450 maneTs Tu isini msaxuroben sadme provinciaSi, mxolod tfilis­
Si mosamsaxure miiRebs 600 maneTs. amnairad vinc tfilisSi msaxurobs
mas moemateba mxolod 20 maneTi, provinciaSi ki daakldeba, radganac
nacvlad 580 maneTisa, romelsac exla iRebs, miiRebs 450 maneTs.
ai, swored am mosazrebiT am kanon-proeqtidan komisiam gamohyo
fosta-telegrafis uwyebis mosamsaxureebi, amas daeTanxma uwyebis
warmomadgeneli, romelic sabiujeto komisiis sxdomas daeswro da
agreTve Sromis ministric. amnairad fosta-telegrafis uwyebebSi
mosamsaxureTaTvis Sedgenili iqna calke dekreti.
rogorc mogaxseneT, am gamoyofas miznad hqondaT dasaxuli, rom
fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis jamagirebis momatebam kuriozul
Sedegamdis ar migviyvanos da nacvlad momatebisa, dakleba ar gamov­
ides. saerTod jamagirebis ganzraxuli mimateba iwvevs damatebiTi
xarjs, romelic uwyebaTa Soris ganawilebulia am dekretze darTul
nusxis mixedviT. nusxa Semdegia (kiTxulobs nusxas). es kanon-proeqti
aris warmodgenili dekretis saxiT.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisia winadadebas iZleva eg dekreti iqnes
miRebuli da Sevides ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? sityva
ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) me aviRe sityva mxolod imisTvis, rom aR­
vniSno zogierTi uxerxuloba, romelsac qmnis kanon-proeqtis ga­
mourkvevloba da Semdeg kidev misi gadamuSaveba komisiis mier.
erTgan da meoreganac adgili hqonia iseT defeqtebs, romlis ga­
mosworeba, Cemis azriT, aucilebeli iqneba. roca uwyeba adgens pro­
eqts jamagirebis momatebisas, man TiTon unda miiRos yovelive zoma,
rom amas marTla moqondes momateba jamagirebisa da ara dakleba, rom
momatebis saxiT ar gamovides dakleba jamagirebisa zogierT darge­
bis mosamsaxureebisaTvis. me mgonia, rom es ar aris Zneli saminis­
trosTvis, Tu is aiRebs Zvel Statebs da am Statebis mixedviT mouma­
tebs jamagirebs. es Zalian martivi saqmea da amitom rasakvirvelia,
rom es proeqti aseT saxiT warmoadgines. magram aseTive saqme daemar­
Ta sabiujeto komisiasac. mas auRia erTi dekreti da or dekretaT
gauyvia, xolo krediti ki erTi dautovebia. Cven gvaqvs amrigaT ori
dekreti jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb; erT dekretisTvis gvaqvs
kreditic, xolo meoresTvis ki ara, radganac krediti ar gauyviaT.
cxadia, roca gahyves dekreti, calke unda gamoeyoT is Tanxac, rome­
lic gamoyofil dekretis asrulebas moundeba. axla ki moxda is, rom
krediti erT dekretisTvis gvaqvs da meoresTvis ara. me mgonia, rom
yvela amis gamo, Cven dagvWirdeba arsebiTad am or dekretis erTi
meoresTan SeerTeba da erT dekretaT miReba. es aucilebelia imisT­
vis, rom ar gameordes is, rac ianvarSi daemarTa ganaTlebis saminis­

495
tros. maSin Cven miviReT kanon-proeqti maswavleblebis jamagirebis
momatebis Sesaxeb, krediti ki gauxsneli darCa. ukanasknel dromde
kreditis gaxsna ver movaswariT da maswavleblebma ver miiRes droze
momateba jamagirebisa, ris gamo ukidures mdgomareobas ganicdian.
dRevandel SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia igive ganmeordes.
saerTod es dekreti unda miviRoT, magram Cemi aRniSnuli mxare
saWiroa komisiam da uwyebam mxedvelobaSi miiRon, rom Semdeg mainc
ar ganmeordes.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxsenebelis daskvna.
ivane WavWaniZe. me rogorc winad mogaxseneT, sabiujeto-safinan­
so komisias erTad-erTi mizani hqonda, saxeldobr is, rom kuriozuli
mdgomareoba ar Seqmniliyo am kanon-proeqtis miRebiT, rom momatebis
magivrad dakleba ar gamosuliyo.
rac Seexeba imas, rom am dekretSi Setanili unda iqnas Sesaferi­
si muxli, raTa daculi iqmnes fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis in­
teresi, _ Cven, ra Tqma unda, am winadadebis winaaRmdeg ar viqnebiT.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame winadadeba aris, rom es ori dekreti,
erTi is, romelic momxsenebelisagan ukve moismineT, da meore, romel­
sac me-13 adgili uWiravs, SeerTebuliyvnen. me werilobiTi winadade­
ba ar maqvs, radganac ese gavige es winadadeba, ese vuyri kenWs. magram
Tu avtors ar unda, rom kenWi uyaro, kenWs ar uyri. vin aris winaaRm­
degi, rom SeudgeT dekretis ganxilvas muxlobriv? gTxovT waikiTx­
oT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls orive nawiliT).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. Cven gvinda, rom mesame muxlidan amoiSalos si­
tyvebi: „da fosta-telegrafis dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureebze“. ase
rom es muxli mTlianad Seicvalos da gamovides axali redaqciiT.
„zemoaRniSnuli momateba ar vrceldeba respublikis rkinis gzisa da
damfuZnebeli krebis kancelariis mosamsaxureebze“.
am Cven SesworebasTan dakavSirebuli aris Semdegi Sesworeba,
romelic Cven gvinda SevitanoT, da exlave ganvacxadeb, rom azri am
Sesworebisa naTeli iyos damfuZnebeli krebisTvis. Cven gvinda, rom
fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureni agreTve am dekretSi iyvnen mox­
senebulni, vinaidan krediti am dekretiT aris gaxsnili. amitom am
muxls unda daematos axali muxli, CaerTos axali Sinaarsi ai, aseTi
(kiTxulobs): „zemoaRniSnuli momateba ar vrceldeba agreTve fos­
ta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebze, romelTaTvis unda dawesebul iqnes
Semdegi jamagirebi: a) yvela im mosamsaxureT, romelnic iReben Tviur
jamagirad ara umetes aTasi (1000) maneTisa, miematoT ormocda aTi
(50) procenti. b) yvela im mosamsaxureT, romelnic iReben Tviurad
aTas (1000) maneTze mets, miematoT oTxasi (400) man. TveSi.
Tu aseT momatebas miiRebT fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis
Sesaxeb da am mesame muxlis Semdeg kidev muxls, maSin es krediti, ro­

496
melic gaexsneba Sinagan saqmeTa uwyebas, savsebiT dahfaravs am or
xarjs. sxva mosamsaxureebis da fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebs
savsebiT daakmayofilebs da aRarc dayofa dasWirdeba. amitom mesame
muxlSi aseTi Sesworeba unda SevitanoT da agreTve daumatoT meoTxe
muxli fosta-telegrafis mosamsaxureebis jamagiris momatebis Sesa­
xeb, romelic am procentiT gansazRvruli iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, Tqveni Sesworeba aseTia, magram aq gamo­
dis punqti da ara muxli. (arseniZe adgilidan: ara, muxli!) maSasadame
es iqneba meore muxli da ara meoTxe. (arseniZe: meore iqneba, Tu meoTxe
oRond ki Caematos da!) vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? aravis.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me mgonia aq cota gaugebroba moxda. is Sesworeba,
romelic aq social-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT iqna Semotanili,
exeba mesame muxls, me ki jer meore muxlic ar wamikiTxavs. me wavikiTxe
mxolod pirveli muxli. pirveli muxli aris gayofili sam nawilad,
ase rom, jerjerobiT es Sesworeba naadrevia:
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? miRebulia.
gTxovT waikiTxoT meore.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs meore muxls. muxli kenWis yriT miRebulia).
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq gaxlavT is Sesworeba Semotanili; romelzedac
mogaxsenaT krebis wevrma arseniZem. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. radganac muxlis Setana aq gaamartivebs sakiTxs da
saerTod is mizani, romelic finansiur komisias hqonda, savsebiT dac­
uli iqneba, me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom es Sesworeba iqnes
Setanili.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom miRebul iqnas
muxli im SesworebiT, romelic warmoadgina soc. dem. fraqciam?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. aris winadadeba imave fraqciis,
rom meore muxls daematos Semdegi (kiTxulobs) vin aris winaaRmdegi?
miRebulia. Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs Semdeg 5-8 mux. muxlebi kenWis yriT
miRebulia) amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom dabal mosamsaxureebs, Tu
damateba pirvel aprilidan Seva ZalaSi, am momatebiT bevrs 300 mane­
Ti arc ki moemata, miemataT 200 an naklebi. xolo ufro maRal mosam­
saxureebs 300 maneTi darCebaT, am mxriv dasjili iqnebian mxolod dab­
ali mosamsaxureni. da rom es ase ar moxdes, safinanso uwyeba Semodis
winadadebiT, rom es damateba Sevides ZalaSi pirvel maisidan da ara
pirvel aprilidan.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? miRebulia. nusxa brZaneT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs samoqalaqo uwyebebis saxelmwifo mo­
samsaxureTa 1919 wlis maisis 1-dan yovel Tviur damatebiTi jama­
girebiT dasakmayofileblad gadasadeb Tanxis nusxas).
nusxa da saerTo jami kenWis yriT miRebulia.

497
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi gaxlavT fosta-telegrafis dawesebulebis
mosamsaxureTa jamagirebis momatebis dekreti. sityva ekuTvnis momx­
senebels.
iv. WavWiniZe. es dekreti Seexeba fosta-telegrafis dawesebule­
bebSi mosamsaxure moxeleT.
dRes Tqven miiReT dekreti yvela moxeleTaTvis jamagirebis ga­
didebis Sesaxeb. radgan am miRebul dekretSi Setanil iqmna soc.-­
demokratiuli fraqciis Sesworeba, romelic savsebiT faravs dekrets
fosta-telegrafis moxeleTa jamagirebis gadidebas da akmayofilebs
maT moTxovnilebas, Cemis azriT eg dekreti moxsnili unda iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. ise rom Tqvenis azriT, es ukve Sevida dekretSi
(WavWaniZe: diax, Sevida!).
axla winadadeba gaxlavT, rom raki es dekreti zedmetia, amitom
uaryofili unda iyos. kenWs vuyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? winadade­
ba miRebulia. es dekreti, rogorc dekreti, uaryofilia. Semdegi da
ukanaskneli gaxlavT (kiTxulobs)

proeqti dekretisa 500000 m. gadadebis Sesaxeb yofil


kadetTa korpusis Senobis gadasakeTeblad
respublikis saministroebis mosaTavseblad.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels anjafariZes.


g. anjafariZe. mTavrobis gadawyvetilebaa, rom respublikis yvela
saministroebi moTavsdes erT SenobaSi. aseT gadawyvetilebas Semdegi
mosazreba aqvs; erTis mxriv, saministroebis erT SenobaSi moTavseba
gaadvilebs maTi erTmaneTTan damokidebulebas, rac rasakvirvelia,
saqmis warmoebas xels Seuwyobs metad. Tu exla zogjer ramdenime kvi­
ra ixarjeba imisTvis, rom erTi qaRaldi erT saministrodan meore
saministroSi gadavides, maSin rasakvirvelia, SeiZleba, aseT qaRal­
debis gagzavna ar iyos saWiro, radganac, ama Tu im dawesebulebebis
ufrosebs, ama Tu im kiTxvis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba, piradad moilaparakon,
an telefoniT. aqve iqneba moTavsebuli Tavmjdomaris mmarTveloba,
misi kancelaria, da TviT misi kabineti. amas rasakvirvelia, Tavis mx­
riv didi mniSvneloba eqneba saministroebis nayofieri muSaobisaT­
vis. meore mxriv, saministroebis erT binaze moTavseba SesamCnevad
Seamcirebs xarjebs. ar iqneba maSin saWiro iseTi didi kancelariebi,
radganac samuSao naklebi iqneba. saWiro ar iqneba zogjer buxhalte­
riac, SeiZleba iyos saerTo buxhalteri, saerTo kasa da sxva. garda
amisa, rasakvirvelia, xarji Semcirdeba, imitomac, rom ganTavisufl­
debian binebi, sadac exla saministroebi imyofebian da amas ki, exlan­
del siZviris dros didi mniSvneloba aqvs. mTavrobas gadawyvetili
aqvs, es saministroebi moTavsebulni iqmnen yofil kadetTa SenobaSi.

498
magram imisTvis, rom es Senoba saTanadoT iyos mogvarebuli, saWiro
aris misi gadakeTeba, da es gadakeTeba jdeba daaxlovebiT 500000 man.
xarjT-aRricxva amisi Semotanilia, romelic, rasakvirvelia, zogadi
aris, magram unda viqonioT mxedvelobaSi, rom winaswar ar SeiZleba
gamoangariSeba yvela xarjebisa, radganac es xarjebi dRiTi dRe izr­
deba, safasuri yvelaferze gadidebuli aris, gadidebuli aris masa­
lis fasic, da amitom mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT, samuSao Sesrule­
buli unda iyos sameurneo wesiT. Sesruleba muSaobisa davalebuli
aqvs Sromis saministros, da xelmZRvaneloba ki satexniko komisias,
romelic arsebobs Sromis saministrosTan.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobisTvis? vin aris
winaaRmdegi gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT waikiTxoT es
dekreti. ukacravad, aq sweria dekreti da ara kanon-proeqti.
momxsenebeli. kanon-proeqti gaxlavT.
Tavmjdomare. es dekreti gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am muxlis Sesaxeb? winadadeba gax­
lavT Semotanili, rom pirvel muxlSi sityvebi „Sromis saministros“,
Seicvalos sityviT „mTavrobas“. vis surs amis Sesaxeb sityva?
krebis wevri arseniZe.
r. arseniZe. (s.-d.) me mgonia, rom es krediti unda mieces mTavro­
bas da ara Sromis saministros, vinaidan araviTar konstituciiT ar
SegviZlian warmovidginoT, rom saministroebis mosaTavsebel binis
Seqmna, gind aSeneba, iyos movaleoba Sromis saministrosi.
Sromis saministros movaleoba aris muSebis interesebis dacva,
Sromis interesebis dacva da ara sxva raime.
gakeTeba remontisa, marTalia, rogorc gavigeT moxsenebidan, mas
evaleba, magram amis davaleba SeiZleba romelime inJenerebisTvis,
moijaradreebisTvis an romelime departamentis ganyofilebisTvis,
romelsac Cven vavalebT Senobebis remontebs. Cven vaZlevT kredits
mTavrobas, vinaidan es aris Senoba mTavrobis dawesebulebebisTvis.
yvela saministroebi unda moTavsdnen am SenobaSi da ara kerZo ram
erTi dawesebuleba. amitom krediti unda mieces saerTod mTavrobas
da ara erT saministros.
mTavrobam unda gadasces es vinme moijaradres, gind romelime aR­
masrulebel texnikur Zalas, romelsac miendoba es saqme. amitom Cveni
winadadeba aris _ sityvebi „Sromis saministros“ Seicvalos sityviT
„mTavroba“.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. komisias araferi ar aqvs am Sesworebis sawinaaR­
mdego.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri am winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
Sesworeba miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT meore muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).

499
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin aris. winadadeba
gaxlavT meore muxlidan amoiSalos sityva „naRdi“. Tu sityva aravis
surs, kenWs uyri Sesworebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. miRebuli
gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad dekretisa? miRebuli gax­
lavT da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
dRevandeli sxdoma gaTavebuli gaxlavT. exla mdivani mogaxsen­
ebT momavali sxdomis dRiur wesrigs.
qr. SaraSiZis asuli (kiTxulobs Semdegi sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. vis surs wesrigis Sesaxeb sityva? vin aris winaaRm­
degi dRiuri wesrigisa? wesrigi miRebuli gaxlavT. sxdoma dax­
urulia.
Tavmjdomare sxdomas daxurulad acxadebs naSuadRevis 5 s. da 45 w.

500
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meTvramete sxdoma

samSabaTi, 1919 w. maisis 20. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareoben damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
da simon mdivani.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
grigol naTaZe.
da qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 s. da 40 wuTze aleqsandre lomTaTiZis
TavmjdomareobiT.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs.
mdivani (kiTxulobs):

komisiaSi gadasacemi proeqtebis sia:

1. vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti _ saqonlis gam­


cvlel komitetis organizaciisa.
gadaeces iuridiulsa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
2. vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon-proeqti _ WiaTuris
Savi qvis mrewvelTa saaqcionero sazogadoebisaTvis xuTi milioni
(5,000.000) man. sesxis micemis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

501
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti _ dekretisa _ borCalo-­
axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansaz­
Rvris Sesaxeb.
gadaeces adgilobriv mmarTvelobisa da TviTmarTvelobis komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti dekretisa saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w.


ianvris 31 kanonis (saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad kreditis
gaxsnis) gangrZobis Sesaxeb.
2. saboloo teqsti _ dadgenilebisa _ rkinis gzis sawyobebSi
saqonlis Sesanax vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
3. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa _ saukeTeso saxelmZRvaneloTa
avtorTaTvis premiebis misacemad 100.000 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.
4. saboloo teqsti _ kanonisa _ ojaxuri mdgomareobiT jarSi
gawvevisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.
5. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa _ saxelmwifo saSualo da uma­
Rles dawyebiTi skolisaTvis 4,085121 man. 16 kap. da ara saxazino
umaRles dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis subsidis misacemad 250.000 man. ga­
dadebis Sesaxeb.
6. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa _ samoqalaqo uwyebaTa saxelm­
wifo mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.
7. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa _ 500.000 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb
_ yofili kadetTa korpusis Senobis gadakeTebisaTvis respublikis
saministroebis mosaTavseblad.
8. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ moqalaqeobis
Sesaxeb.
9. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ epidemiasTan
brZolaSi daRupul da Sromis unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa ojax­
ebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
10. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saxazino rki­
nis gzebis mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.
damfuZnebeli kreba ucvlelad amtkicebs aRniSnul dRis wesrigs.

saboloo teqsti dekretisa saqarT. parlamentis


1919 w. 31 ianvris kanonis gangrZobis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. pirveli sakiTxi, maSasadame, gaxlavT saboloo te­


qsti dekretisa saqarTvelos parlamentis 1919 w. 31 ianvris kanonis
gangrZobis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels anna soloRaSvilis
asuls.

502
anna soloRaSvilis asuli (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis
mier dekretSi Setanil cvlilebebs).
Tavmjdomare. me-2 muxlis Sesaxeb winadadeba gaxlavT Semotani­
li, rom sityva „ixsneba“ Seicvalos sityviT „gaxsnilia“. Sesworebis
Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs g. faRavas.
g. faRava. aq sityva „ixsneba“ unda Seicvalos sityviT „gaxsnilia“,
vinaidan ufro garkveuli iqneba: „ixsneba“ Tu „gaxsnili“ aris. „ixsne­
ba“ rom davtovoT ar aris garkveuli moxsnilia es kreditebi Tu gax­
snilia. amitom unda Seicvalos sityva „ixsneba“ sityviT „gaxsnilia“.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. sawinaaRmdego ara maqvs ra.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba
miRebulia.

saboloo teqsti dadgenilebisa _ rkinis gzis


sawyobebSi saqonlis Sesanax vadis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli. (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier dadge­


nilebaSi Setanil cvlilebebs). damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad da ucv­
lelad amtkicebs saredaqcio komisiis mier Sesworebul teqsts dad­
genilebisas.

saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ saukeTeso


saxelmZRvanelos avtorTaTvis premiis misacemad
100.000 m. gadadebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli. (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier dekret­


Si Setanil cvlilebebs). damfuZnebeli kreba amtkicebs saredaqcio
komisiis mier Sesworebul teqsts dekretisas.

saboloo teqsti kanonisa _ ojaxuri mdgomareobiT


jarSi gawvevisagan ganTavisuflebisa.

momxsenebeli. (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier kanon­


Si Setanil Sesworebebs).
saboloo teqstis ganxilvis dros social-demokratiul fraq­
cias Seaqvs Semdegi Sesworebani:
a) me-2 muxlSi _ sityva „mowmobas“ Semdegi sityva „iZleva“ Secvlil
iqnes sityviT _ „miscems“.
b) me-3 muxlSi _ lit. „b“- sityva „mxolod“ Seicvalos sityviT _
„ukeTu“. amave liteSi _ sityvebi _ „unda iyos“ Seicvalos sityviT
„aris“.

503
g) me-4 muxlSi _ sityvebi „mamaTa sqesisa“ Seicvalos sityvebiT
„mamrobiTi sqesisa“.
d) me-5 mux. SeniSvnaSi bolo sityvebi „niSnavs an mazris an ubnis
eqimi“ unda iyos: „daniSnavs an mazris an ubnis eqimi“.
e) me-7 muxlSi _ sityva „begris“ Semdeg Caematos „moxdaSi“.
v) me-8 muxl. SeniSvnaSi _ sityva „namdvil samsaxuridan“ Semdeg
Caematos „marqafa laSqarSi“.
z) me-10 muxlSi _ sityvebi _ „danaSaulobis mixedviT“ gadatanili
iqnes win Semdeg sityvisa: „daisjeba“.
damfuZnebeli kreba adgens: damtkicebul iqnes saboloo teqsti
kanonisa, Tanaxmad aRniSnul Sesworebisa.

saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ saSualo da umaRles


dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis 4.085.121 m. 16 k. da ara
saxazino umaRles dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis subsidiis
misacemad 250.000 maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier dekret­


Si Setanil Sesworebebs).
damfuZnebeli kreba amtkicebs saredaqcio komisiis mier Seswore­
bul teqsts dekretisas.

saboloo teqsti dekretis _ samoqalaqo uwyebaTa


saxelmwifo mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli. (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier dekret­


Si Setanil Sesworebebs).
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad da ukamaTod amtkicebs saredaqcio
komisiis mier Sesworebul teqsts dekretisas.

saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ 500.000 maneTis gadadebis


Sesaxeb yofil kadetis Senobis gadakeTebisaTvis
respublikis saministroebisaTvis mosaTavseblad

momxsenebeli. (moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis mier dekret­


Si Setanil cvlilebebs.
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiul fraqcias meore muxlSi Se­
moaqvs Semdegi Sesworeba: amoiSalos sityva „unda“.

504
meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi: meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva ka­


non-­proeqtisa moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom momxseneblad dasaxelebuli gaxlavT say­
vareliZe, magram prezidiums mouvida oficialuri qaRaldi, sadac
naTqvamia, rom momxseneblad iqneba sayvareliZis magivrad arseniZe.
momxsenebeli. (arseniZe) kanon-proeqti moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb. pir­
veli muxli. (kiTxulobs)
Tavmjdomare. pirveli muxlis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia (soc.-rev.). batonebo! qveSevrdomobis sakiTxi
bunebrivad iwvevs azrTa Sexla-Semoxlas, uTanxmoebas. sami aucile­
beli elementi, romlisaganac Sesdgeba yoveli saxelmwifo: eri, ter­
itoria, da kanonebi, dRes CvenSi ganicdis Camoyalibebis, saboloo
gamorkvevis process. Cven gvinda, rom es procesi Catardes umt­
kivneulod Cveni demokratiis sakeTildReoT. amitom wamoyenebul
kanon-proeqts da mis yovel muxls aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba.
es kanoni maSin miaxwevs Tavis mizans, Tuki is savsebiT SeinarCunebs
internacionalur suls, Tu ki Cven saqmiT davamtkicebT, rom Cven Ta­
visufal saqarTveloSi ar aris elini da iudeveli, aramed yvela Ta­
naswori aris. Cvenis azriT, qveSevrdomobis kanons unda daedvas sa­
fuZvlad ori udavo mosazreba. Cven ar SegviZlian ZaliT vismes Tavs
movaxvioT Cveni qveSevrdomoba, Cven ar SegviZlian uTxraT vismes gin­
da Tu ar ginda _ iyavi Cveni qveSevrdomi. meores mxriv Cven ar unda
SevqmnaT xelovnurad iseTi pirobebi, rom vismes ZaliT xeli avaRe­
binoT Cven qveSevrdomobaze. samwuxarod, warmodgenili kanon-proeq­
ti da misi pirveli muxli am moTxovnilebas ver akmayofilebs. pro­
eqtSi aris wamoyenebuli ori piroba, erTi _ gansazRvruli vada,
TariRiT 14 wlisa, meore _ miwera ama Tu im administratiul erTeul­
ze. Cven vfiqrobT, rom arc erTi es piroba aucilebel saWiroebas ar
warmoadgens. daviwyoT Tundac am TariRidan. me ar momismenia, samwux­
arod, b. sayvareliZis meore moxseneba, magram movismine pirveli mox­
seneba. iq b. sayvareliZe ase asabuTebda am TariRs. is ambobda, rom 14
weliwadi aris didi weliwadi, maSin moxda didi ambebio. me ar vici,
ras eZaxis b. sayvareliZe did ambebs. marTalia am wels daiwyo evro­
piuli omi, kacobriobas Tavs daatyda saSineli ubeduroba, magram,
ver gavige, ratom, mainca da mainc Cveni moqalaqeobis era unda da­
viwyoT am ubedur dRidan. socialistur TvalsazrisiT ufro didi
mniSvneloba aqvs 1917 wels, maSin moxda didi revoliucia, romelic
pirvel msoflios edeba. Tu Cven vixelmZRvanelebT erovnul Tvalsaz­
risiT, maSin gacilebiT ufro didi mniSvneloba, vidre 14 da 17 wels,
aqvs 1918 wels, rodesac Cveni damoukidebloba gamovacxadeT, ese igi,
rodesac Cveni eri aRzdga politikurad da saxelmwifoebrivad. Sei­

505
Zleba Cven gviTxran, rom am wlidan daiwyo omi da maSasadame aq iyo
fronti da agreTve mravali dawesebuleba, romelTac pirdapiri kav­
Siri hqondaT omTan. magram dRes es mosazreba usafuZlo iqneba imitom,
rom es fronti aRar aris, daiSala, agreTve moxda sruli likvidacia
im dawesebulebebisa, romelTac hqondaT kavSiri am omTan, ase rom,
arc erTi rusis jaris kaci am frontze aRar aris. es TariRi CvenTvis
aris ubralo anaqronizmi da amitom miuRebeli aris. meore mosazreba
aris ama Tu im administratiul erTeulze miwera. am pirobis miReba
SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vinme daamtkicebs, rom vinc ama
Tu im administratiul erTeulze miwerilni arian, gacilebiT ufro
dainteresebulni arian Cven respublikis ganmtkicebaSi, vidre isini,
vinc administratiul erTeulis gareSe darCnen. magram amas veravin
ver daamtkicebs. aq es muxli oraT hyofs saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs,
mkvidrni da ara mkvidrni, ese igi Cven da isini. CvenTvis es sruliad
miuRebelia. TiTon termini „administratiuli erTeuli“ gamourkvev­
eli aris. rom es gamourkveveli aris amas TviT mTavrobam miaqcia yur­
adReba da gaukeTa Tavisi ganmarteba. am ganmartebis ZaliT adminis­
tratiul erTeulad iTvleba sxva da sxva wodeba, Tavad-aznaurebis
wodeba, glexTa, meSCanTa, veqilTa korporacia, ese igi, iseTi wodeba­
ni, romelSiac Cawerilni unda iyvnen mxolod qarTvelebi. magaliTad,
Tavad-aznaurobis wodebaSi Sedian mxolod qarTveli Tavad-aznaure­
bi, glex-kacebSi arian mxolod qarTveli glex-kacebi. rac Seexeba sxva
erebis demokratiul elementebs, isini ar iricxebian arc Tavad-az­
naurebis wodebaSi, arc veqilTa korporaciaSi, arc glexTa. es aris
mimarTuli sxva erebis demokratiul elementebis winaaRmdeg. amitom,
Cvenis azriT, is miuRebelia. saerTod mTel kanon-proeqtis, rogorc
viciT en bloe momxre arian rogorc social-demokratebi, ise feder­
alistebi, maT Soris aris sruli allianse-i, es savsebiT gasagebia. Cven
viciT, iyo dro, rodesac social-demokratebi cnobili iyvnen Tavisi
erovnuli niRilizmiT magram, Tan da Tan, maT gadalaxes rubikoni da
Cven viciT, rom maT aRiares ara marto erovnuli avtonomia, aramed
aRiares TviT damoukidebloba.
Tu ramdenad daSorda social-demokratia Tavis pirvel pozi­
cias, es aSkarad sCans Semdeg faqtidan. Cven viciT, rom amier-kavka­
siis glexTa yrilobaze b. noe Jordaniam waikiTxa vrceli moxseneba
erovnul sakiTxis Sesaxeb. b. Jordania Tavis moxsenebaSi ambobda,
rom erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmna da gaZRola burJuaziis saqme ari­
so. aseT politikas dRes TviTon social-demokratia awarmoebs. ase
moxda udidesi metamorfoza, ese igi social-demokratia ganaciona­
listda. amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom am kanons, ase TavgamodebiT icavs
social-demokratebis partia. is partia, romlis centraluri orga­
no ramdenime xnis winaT, swerda: „somxis ltolvilebi dauyonebliv
gandevnil unda iqnen saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan, xolo is pirebi,
romlebic ar arian saq. moqalaqeni, gandevnil unda iyvnen Cveni sof­

506
lebisa da qalaqebidan, gansakuTrebiT somxebi“.
Semdeg „saxalxo saqme“ ganagrZobs: „aucileblad unda gaiwmindos
Cveni qveyana Sxamian parazitebisagan. Cven unda moviciloT Tavidan
is tvirTi, romelic Cven gvawveba finansiuradac _ eseni arian somxis
ltolvilebi“. ai amas hqvia zoologiuri nacionalizmi. (xmauroba).
Tu gindaT, rom Cvenma kanonma Tavis mizans miaRwios, rom Seasrulos
Tavisi daniSnuleba, ese igi Cveni damoukideblobis ganmtkiceba, _
mTeli Cveni arsebiT unda SevebrZoloT am nacionalizms.
Tavmjdomare. social-revoliucionerebis fraqciis mier aris Se­
motanili Sesworeba:
„I. sruliad amoiSalos kanon-proeqtis mTeli pirveli nawili
(muxlebi: 1, 2, 3, 4 da 5) da mis nacvlad Setanil iqnes Semdegi ori
muxli:
1) saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis moqalaqeT CaiTvle­
ba yoveli piri, romelic scxovrobda saqarTvelos teritoriaze am
kanonis gamoqveynebamde, Tu is sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan am kano­
nis gamoqveynebisa ar ganacxadebs uars saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze.
2) pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli gancxadeba waredgineba adgilo­
briv momrigebel mosamarTles, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze
uaris mTqmelT aRniSnavs gansakuTrebul wignSi“.
II. garda amisa, kanon-proeqtis meore nawilis me-7 muxlis pirvel
SeniSvnidan amoiSalos sityvebi: „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxe­
dro daxmarebiT, sazogadoebriv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“; agreTve
amoiSalos sruliad imave me-7 muxlis SeniSvna meore: „agreTve vadis
mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTvelos moqalaqeT yove­
li ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli“.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe (s.-d.). batonebo, yvela naTqvamis, an dawerilis
sargebloba unda moxdes imgvarad, ra gvaradac is iyo naTqvami da ro­
goradac amas ayenebs esa Tu is avtori. da rodesac romelime avtorma,
an noe Jordaniam aRniSna, ra mniSvneloba hqonda burJuazias saxel­
mwifos SeqmnaSi da rogor miiltvoda is, es kidev imas sruliad ar
niSnavs, rom vinme dRes idges am niadagze, an dRevandel momentSi as­
rulebdes istoriul movaleobas.
Cven vqmniT saxelmwifos: (xma: burJuaziuls!) da ai am TvalTaxed­
visagan gamovdivarT. Tqven angrevT saxelmwifos da aqedan gamomdin­
areobs Tqveni Sexeduleba (xma: demagogia!) me unda mogaxsenoT, rom
Tu demagogiaze ityviT, mTeli is sityva, romelic aq warmoiTqva,
namdvili demagogiaa. da rodesac Tqven ambobT, rom yvelas, miuxeda­
vad raime obieqtiur niSnobliv Tvisebisa, mieces erTgvari ufleba
saxelmwifoSi, es ar aris saxelmwifos aSeneba. (xmauroba, zari Tav­
mjdomarisa).
datas, romelic aq aris wamoyenebuli, didi istoriuli mniSvn­
eloba hqonda. Tqven ganacxadeT, rom ar mogismeniaT b. sayvareliZis

507
meore sityva, Tu ras niSnavs es data, _ msoflio omis dawyeba, magram,
Tqven kargad iciT, rom es aris is istoriuli data, rodesac moxda
didi xalxTa gadajgufeba erT adgilidan meore adgilas yofil ruse­
Tis saxelmwifoSi. es iyo is fronti, romelsac es s. r. eyrdnoboden,
da romlis meoxebiT yoyoCobden erT dros Cveni s. r. daba qalaqebSi,
sadac es fronti Tavmoyrili iyo. am gvarad, saxelmwifos Seqmna da
aSeneba yovlad SeuZlebelia. is, visac aqvs raime interesi saxelmwi­
foSi, isini, vinc dainteresebulni arian mis aSenebaSi, warmatebaSi,
da SeqmnaSi, _ ai aseTi pirebi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebia. saqarTve­
loSi da sxva adgilebSi mTel ruseTis teritoriisa iseTma pirebma
moiyares Tavi sruliad SemTxveviT, omis mizeziT, romlebsac aravi­
Tari interesi ama Tu im teritoriasTan ara aqvT. magram isini, vinc
cxovroben ai am dromdis adgilobriv, isini vinc miweril iyvnen ama
Tu im teritoriis erTeulze, aSkaraa, maT hqondaT interesi, maT ain­
teresebdaT adgilobrivi mdgomareoba da pirobebi, ainteresebdaT
adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebrivobis organizmis Seqmna. ai, aqedan ga­
movdivarT Cven, da am debulebaze aris damyarebuli es muxli. Tqveni
winadadeba ki iseTia, rom sruliad amoiSalos es muxli da yvela visac
es ki surs, gaxdes saqarTvelos moqalaqeo. es xom namdvilad ar iqneba
arc Cveni demokratiis interesis dacva, da SeiZleba, arc im pirTa dac­
va, visac Tqven aseT uflebas aniWebT. es iqneba erTgvari karis gaxsna
da sargebloba droebiT imiT, rac maTTvis dRevandel pirobebSi xel­
sayrelia. Tqven nu daiviwyebT imas, rom moqalaqe saxelmwifom yvel­
gan unda daicvas, saqarTvelos moqalaqe Tu sxva saxelmwifoSi midis,
_ iqac unda davicvaT es moqalaqe, misi interesebi. iq, ucxoeTSi unda
Seiqmnas mTeli organizacia, romelic maT, moqalaqeTa interesebs da­
icavs. warmoidgineT iseTi mdgomareoba, rom auarebeli xalxi aris, am
auarebelma xalxma gamoacxada survili, e. i. ar Semoitana gancxadeba
Cveni moqalaqeobis winaaRmdeg, _ ar uaryo Tqveni winadadeba, rom me
ar msurs Tqveni moqalaqeobao. maSasadame, is saqarTvelos moqalaqeT
darCeba, da erTi an ori Tvis Semdeg es xalxi aqedan daiZra, wavida.
Cveni saxelmwifoc valdebulia maTi interesebi daicvas, rodesac
isini wavlen sxva saxelmwifoSi, ise rom am SemTxvevaSi, moqalaqeoba
ubralo sityva ki ar aris, es mdgomareoba bevr movaleobas akisrebs
saxelmwifos. amrigad, CvenTvis, Cveni demokratiisTvis, Cveni saxelm­
wifoebriv wes-wyobilebisaTvis da im revoliuciis monapovarTa Ses­
anarCuneblaT _ es xelsayreli ar aris. garda amisa, did movaleobas
akisrebs TviT saxelmwifos, _ rom is miiRoT, vinc survils ganacxa­
debs is ki ara, vinc uars ar ityvis, _ yvela imas Tu warmoidgenT, maSin
namdvilaT mixvdebiT, namdvilaT aRiarebT imas, rom Cven am SemTxveva­
Si demokratiul niadagze vdgevarT, demokratiul xazs vawarmoebT;
es erTi da meore, Tqveni Sexeduleba demokratiuli ki araa, namdvi­
li anarqistulia. imitom Tqveni winadadeba uaryofili unda iyos da
pirveli muxli ucvlelad unda darCes.

508
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri gobeCia.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno! wina sxdomaze, rodesac moqa­
laqeobis kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb saerTo msjeloba swarmoebda, Cven­
ma fraqciam am kanon-proeqtSi zogierTi Sesworeba Seitana. me maSin
dawvrilebiT Sevexe kanon-proeqts da aRvniSne is garemoeba, rom am
ukanaknels didi progresi emCneva SedarebiT moqalaqeobis im kanon­
Tan, romelic erovnul sabWos mier iyo miRebuli. magram kanon-pro­
eqtis Rirsebis aRniSvnasTan erTad me Sevexe agreTve mis uaryofiT
mxareebsac, me vamtkicebdi da exlac vimeoreb, rom socialistur da
internacionaluri TvalsazrisiT yovlad miuRebelia mexuTe muxlis
arseboba kanon-proeqtSi im SinaarsiT, romliTac is aris warmodge­
nili sakonstitucio komisiis mier. me moviTxovdi, rom damfuZnebel
krebas Tavis sakanonmdeblo moRvaweobaSi Tavidan aecdina iseTi ten­
dencia, romelic mimarTulia mxolod erTi erovnebis privilegiuri
mdgomareobis Seqmnisaken. me es Cemi moTxovna maSin sakmaod davasabuTe
da ganmeoreba imis, rac yovel internacionalist-socialistisTvis
udao unda iyos, zedmetaT mimaCnia. me mesmis am sakiTxebSi feder­
alistebis pozicia, romlebic saqarTveloSi mudam hqadagebdnen da
avrcelebdnen zoologiur nacionalizmis ideebs. CemTvis gaugebari
iyo mxolod social-demokratebis pozicia, romlebic dResac iCeme­
ben internacionalistobas, magram mas Semdeg, rac me movismine miSa
arseniZis da sayvareliZis sityva, RrmaT davrwmundi imaSi, rom Cven­
ma social-demokratiam daiviwya Tavisi socialisturi programa da
warsuli internacionalisturi moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi, savsebiT
dahkarga Tavisi socialisturi saxe da gadaiqca dakargul social­
izmis partiaT. saubeduroT, kanon-proeqtis zogad ganxilvis dros,
reglamenti saSvalebas ar maZlevda pasuxi gameca im ori oratori­
saTvis, romelTa gamolaSqreba Cems winaaRmdeg im saxiT, romliTac
es imaT ikadres, mxolod maT srul ususurobas amtkicebda. es or­
atorebi iyven b.b. mesxiSvili da arseniZe. b-ni mesxiSvili dacinviT
me didi revoliucioners miwodebda da es man Tavis sityvaSi asjer
mainc gaimeora. es sityva _ „dido revoliucionero“ iyo erTad erTi
da masTan umTavresi argumenti, romelic man didi rixiT Cveni fraqci­
is Sesworebis winaaRmdeg moiyvana. rac Seexeba danarCen mosazrebebs,
romlebic b. mesxiSvilma Cveni Sesworebis winaaRmdeg moiyvana, isi­
ni sruliad uadgiloT iyo Tqmuli da ar gamomdinareobda im axs­
na-ganmartebidan, romliTac me davasabuTe Cveni fraqciis mier Set­
anili Sesworebebi moqalaqeobis kanon-proeqtSi. marTalia, me didi
revoliucioneri ara var da amas arc vCemulob, magram b. mesxiSvils
Tavis Tavi didi revoliucioneraT moaqvs. mxolod amaze am tribuni­
dan TviT b. mesxiSvilis mier yvirili zedmeti iyo. namdvili revoli­
ucioners reklama ar sWirdeba, radganac namdvili revoliucioneris
saqmeebi TviT RaRadeben mis revoliucionerobaze. axla aviRoT da
gavSinjoT „WeSmarit revoliucioner“ mesxiSvilis sagmiro revoli­

509
ucionuri saqmeebi. am ramodenime wlis wineT b. mesxiSvilma Tfili­
sis qalaqis cenzian sabWoSi warmosTqva Tvisi „istoriuli“ sityva,
romelSic is gundruks ukmevda ruseTis reaqcionur mTavrobas da
qarTveli xalxis sisxliT da mkerdiT ruseTis biurokratias dacvas
aRuTqvamda. b-n mesxiSvilis azrebs savsebiT iziarebda misi partia,
romelic revoliuciis dawyebamde ramodenime Tvis wineT ruseTis
biurokratias gayinul gulis molbobas lamobda da gvirgvinosan
nikolozis suraTs Tavis socialistur gazeT „saxalxo furcel­
Si“ aTavsebda. yvela amis Semdeg b. mesxiSvilis mier sxvis revoli­
ucionerobaze xmamaRla laparaki, marTla rom sasaciloa.
b-nma mesxiSvilma ganacxada, rom me msurs Cemis proeqtiT mivsce mo­
qalaqeobis ufleba yvela imaT, vinc dascems zurgSi laxvars revoli­
ucias da demokratias, vinc uWers mxars revoliuciis da saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis mowinaaRmdegeebs, denikinelebs da spekuliantebs.
warmosTqva es saSineli sityvebi mesxiSvilma da gaaTava. saidan ga­
moiyvana b-ma mesxiSvilma es daskvna alahma uwyis, magram, albaT, mas
sxvanairaT esmis loRikis kanonebi da amitom bevri ar moeTxoveba. da
es yvelaferi momawera me mxolod imitom, rom bolos pateTiuraT gae­
Tavebia Tavisi sityva: „exla Tqven TiTon gansajeT, vin aris Cven orSi
revoliucioneri“-o. b-n mesxiSvils hgonia, rom revoliucionerobi­
saTvis sakmarisia yoveli sityva, romelic mas pirs moadgeba. mesxiS­
vils hgonia, rom yvela is, vinc mowerili iyo respublikis teritori­
is romelsame administratiul erTeulze 1914 wlis ivnisis 19-amde,
usaTuod revoliuciis, demokratiis, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
momxrea da denikinis da spekuliantebis mteria. ara, b-no mesxiSvilo,
bevri imaTgani, vinc miwerilia respublikis romelsame administra­
tiul erTeulze, kontr-revoliucioneric aris, denikinis momxrec
da masTan spekuliantic da, Tqveni loRikiT rom vimsjeloT, radga­
nac Tqven kanon-proeqtis pirvel muxls ucvlelad iRebT, Tqven kon­
tr-revoliucionerebis da spekuliantebis damcveli yofilxarT,
magram me, b-no mesxiSvilo, amas Tqven ar dagwamebT, mxolod momavli­
saTvis erT rames mogTxovT: rodesac Cems winaaRmdeg raime braldebis
wamoyenebas moisurvebT, cotaTi mainc moifiqreT da ubralo loRi­
kas mcireodeni angariSi gauwieT. b-n mesxiSvils arc Cemi iuristoba
moswons, radganac me ganmicxadebia, rom Zveli kanoni qveSevrdomo­
bisa ar varga da es iqidanac sCans, rom warmodgenil kanon-proeqtis
bolo muxli Zvel kanons auqmebso. mesxiSvili ambobs: rodesac axal
kanons viRebT da amave sakiTxze Zveli kanonic arsebobs, yoveli axali
kanoni gaauqmebs Zvel kanons ara imitom, rom Zveli kanoni ar vargoda,
aramed imitom, rom gamocemulia amave sakiTxze axali kanoni. b-n mesx­
iSvils unda scodnoda, rom moqalaqeobis Zveli kanonis uvargisoba
erTxmaT aRiara saqarTvelos parlamentis sakonstitucio komisi­
am, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis damatebiTi kanon-proeqtis
ganmartebaSi sityva-sityviT Semdegs swerda: „saqarTvelos erovnul

510
sabWos 1918 w. 16 ivlisis kanonma saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa gareSe das­
tova Cveni qveynis didZali mcxovrebni, rogorc qarTvelni, ise ucx­
oelni, romelnic miwerilni ar arian arc erT administratiul er­
Teulze da romelTa politikuri da samoqalaqo mdgomareoba dRemde
gamourkvevelia. aseTi autaneli mdgomareobis mosaspobaT saWiroa
damatebiTi kanoni da sxva“. ase rom marto me ar vyofilvar Zveli kan­
onis „mSvenierebis“ uarmyofi, b-no mesxiSvilo. „Zveli kanoni mTli­
anad moyvanilia axal kanonis pirvel muxlSio“, ganacxada mesxiSvilma
da amitom axalma kanonma Tavis Tavad unda gaauqmos Zveli kanonio.
saqmec imaSia, rom Zveli kanonis meoTxe muxlis ZaliT calke axali
moqalaqeobis kanoniT gansazRvruli unda yofiliyo mxolod piroba
ucxo saxelmwifos qveSevrdomis miRebisa saqarTvelos respublikis
moqalaqed da saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis dakargvisa, warmodgenili
kanon-proeqti-ki, winaaRmdeg Zveli kanonis meoTxe muxlisa, saqarTve­
los moqalaqeebaT acxadebs sxva da sxva pirT, romlebic administra­
tiul erTeulze sruliaT ar iyo miwerili, e. i. axali kanoni arRvevs
Zveli kanonis moTxovnilebas da miT ukanasknelis uvargisobasac aR­
iarebs, rac gamosaxulia axali kanonis bolo muxlSi. b-ni mesxiSvili
mekiTxeboda, SesaZlebelia amisTana argumentacia iuristis miero?
naTqvamidan aSkaraa, rom aramc Tu SesaZlebelia, aramed aucilebe­
lia, Tu iuristi mesxiSvili iuristiulaT iazrovnebs da moqalaqeo­
bis Zvels da axal kanons kargaT Caukvirdeba.
meore oratorma b-n arseniZem Cem mier wamoyenebul debulebis wi­
naaRmdeg ganacxada: „b. gobeCiam unda icodes, rom rodesac revoli­
uciis saxels gamoitans am tribunaze, cotaodeni codnac unda ga­
moiCinos revoliucionuri praqtikisao“. marTalia me ar momismenia
b-n arseniZis mier kembrijis da berlinis universitetebSi wakiTxuli
leqciebi sxva da sxva qveynis revoliuciebze da amitom, SesaZlebelia,
am tribunaze ver gamovdiode revoliucionuri praqtikis codnis
Sesaferisi „bagaJiT“, magram is leqcia, romelic man Cven erTi kviris
wineT am tribunidan wagvikiTxa internacionalis Sesaxeb, Cemis az­
riT ver mowmobs pativcemul leqtoris codnis did bagaJze. arseniZem
gviTxra: „internacionalisagan mxolod erTi ram gagvigonia: erTi
eri _ erTi saxelmwifo“. arseniZis azriT, romelsac Turme social­
isturi internacionalic iziarebs, klasTa brZola da muSaTa kla­
sis interesebis dacva iseT saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba, sadac erTi eri
binadrobs da Turme Tu ise moewyo saxelmwifo, rom ukanaskneli erTi
eris farglebma STanTqa, maSin bolo moeReba sxva da sxva erTa Soris
SuRlsa da brZolas, e. i. am Cveni codvil dedamiwis zurgze damyarde­
ba TiTqmis yoveli bedniereba. Cven rom vimsjeloT arseniZiseburad,
maSin saqarTvelodan unda ganvdevnoT yvela erTa Svilebi garda qa­
rTveli erisa, radganac mxolod maSin iqneba Cveni demokratiuli re­
spublika mowyobili Tanaxmad im internacionalis formulisa, rome­
lic sadRac amoukiTxavs b-n arseniZes, magram wakiTxulis azri albad

511
ver gaugia. socialistur internacionalisagan yovel socialists
mxolod erTi ram gaugonia, b-no arseniZe: is rom yovel sxva da sxva
erebiT dasaxlebul saxelmwifoSi umravlesobis eris socialisteb­
ma Tanabrad unda daicvan TavianT da ucxo erTa mSromelTa inter­
esebi. b-ni arseniZe ki acxadebs: Tu erovnuli saxelmwifo daarsdeba,
rasakvirvelia, iq erTi eri iqneba gabatonebulio. saqarTveloSi qa­
rTveli eris gabatoneba ise esmis b-n arseniZes, rogorc gabatoneba
qarTveli revoliucionerebis da qarTveli reaqcionerebisac, Torem
yovlad SeuZlebelia kanon-proeqtis mexuTe muxlis TavgamodebiT
dacvis Semdeg vinmem, rogorc amas sCadis arseniZe, ganacxados, rom
am kanoniT Cven vicavT muSaTa klass, demokratias da muSaTa klasis
mtrebs laxvarsa vscemTo. me mesmis, rodesac erTi eris gabatonebas
saxelmwifoSi mxars uWers burJuaziul partiis warmomadgeneli par­
lamentSi. burJuazias amis dasabuTebac SeuZlia mecnierulad, radga­
nac mis mier aRzrdili da mosyiduli mecnierebi bevrs sweren amaze im
mizniT, rom asiamovnon TavianT mwyalobelT. magram sruliad gauge­
baria, rodesac imave wyarodan hkrefen proletarul partiis warmo­
madgenelni masalas, rom gaamarTlon imave sakiTxze Tavisi Semcdari
ara socialisturi da ara internacionalisturi azri. yovel SemTx­
vevaSi me darwmunebuli var, rom Sors ar aris is dro, rodesac Cveni
mSromeli xalxi TviT Seignebs Cveni fraqciis simarTles moqalaqeo­
bis sakiTxSi da maSin is ityvis, vin icavda mSromelTa interess da vin
idga namdvil socialistur poziciaze _ Cven, Tu is partia, romelsac
amieridan unda ewodos _ partia dakarguli socializmisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili (s.-f.). rogorc etyoba socialist-revoliucio­
nerebi emzadebodnen mTeli 7 dRe imisaTvis, rac dRes Tqven aq mois­
mineT (gobeCia: maSin ar momces mesamed sityva). Tqven Tu ar mogcemdnen
sxva Tqven amxanagebs miscemdnen, Sengelaias ar ulaparaknia, is ilapa­
rakebda. am momzadebis dros Tqven ar xelmZRvanelobdiT saRi azriT.
Tqven sityvaSi marto is vpove, rom gaiZaxiT _ socialistur Tvalsaz­
risiT es kanoni ar miiRebao. (xma: es ar mogwons?) me ar momwons imisT­
vis, rom am sityvas am SemTxvevaSi araviTari Sinaarsi ara aqvs (xma:
arc eqneba TqvenTvis!) arc TqvenTvis hqonia da arc momavalSi eqneba.
es advili dasamtkicebeli aris.
b. Sengelaia brZanebs, rom saxelmwifos Seadgens eri, terito­
ria da kanoni. (kedia: da federalistebi!) Tu federalistebidan ar
Sesdgeba b. gvazava sabednierod arc nacional-demokratebisagan
Sesdgeba. Tqven ggoniaT, rom saxelmwifos Tqven aaSenebT. (sicili.
gvazava: me ra SuaSi var?) ar vici romeli iyo Tqvengani, magram me ese
gavige. (Tavmjdomare: kerZo laparaks Tavi daanebeT!) Tu is mcneba
marTali aris, rom unda iyos teritoria, kanoni da eri, aqedan moqa­
laqe Sengelaias unda gamoeyvana Sesaferi daskvna, magram mTeli misi
sityva swored am mesame debulebis winaaRmdeg aris. Cven vambobT, rom

512
vqmniT saxelmwifos, socialist-revoliucionerebi Tanaxmani arian,
rom unda SevqmnaT saxelmwifo da saxelmwifo swored am sam ele­
ments unda eyrdnobodes. maS raSia saqme? Turme imaSi, rom roca am
saxelmwifos vaSenebT, unda miviRoT kanoni, romlis ZaliT yvelani
saqarTvelos teritoriaze mcxovrebni ganurCevlad unda aRiarebu­
li iqnan qveSevrdomad. Tu ususurobaze aris laparaki _ es sxvaa;
_ swored es warmoadgens ususurobas. soc.-revoliucionerebis az­
riT yvelani unda gveRiarebina qveSevrdomad Cveni damoukideblo­
bis gamocxadebisTanave. maS yvelas unda movaxvio moqalaqeoba, gana
es socialisturi Tvalsazrisi aris? (xma: Tu moisurveben!) aqedan
gaiZaxian „Tu moisurvebeno“, Tu ar moisurves? saqme Turme survi­
lze yofila. ase saxelmwifos aSeneba SeuZlebelia. saxelmwifo ey­
rdnoba ers, eri Sesdgeba moqalaqeebisagan, romelnic iRWurvebian
uflebebiT, valdebulebiT da movaleobiT, _ am elementebidan iqmne­
ba mcneba qveSevrdomobisa.
qveSevrdomoba saxelmwifosTvis aucilebeli moTxovnileba aris.
es aris safuZveli, cocxali Zala, romelic Seadgens saxelmwifos
Semadgenlobas, es Sesagnebelia, magram ganzrax ar undaT, rom Sei­
gnon. Cvens winaSe aris aseTi magaliTi: roca vaSenebdiT Cvens saxel­
mwifos, davinaxeT, mravali elementebi Cven winaaRmdeg iyvnen da
eserebi eyrdnobodnen amisTana elementebs. eseni saqarTvelos damou­
kideblobas Zirs uTxridnen (Sengelaia: tyuilia!) Tqven ambobT, rom
es tyuilia, magram me garwmunebT, rom es istoriiT damtkicebulia da
garwmunebT, rom yvela saxelmwifoebriv dawesebulebaSi SemodiodiT
im elementebis meoxebiT. eseni saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis winaaRmdeg
iyvnen. (maWavariani: rac marTalia _ marTalia!) (xma: tyuilia!).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT, nu laparakobT!
baraTaSvili. Tqven ambobT, marTali ar aris, magram gadaxe­
deT Tqven fraqcias da winandel fraqcias, da dainaxavT, ra elemen­
tebiT iyo savse. xo dainaxeT ra moxda Tqven Soris. moxTa gaTiSva,
_ swored im niadagze, rom Tqveni Tanamoazreni _ amxanagebi winaaR­
mdeg iyvnen „saqarTvelos damoukideblobisa“. Tqven es gaviwydebaT,
swored kanoni Tqven mier Semotanili aRmarTulia saqarTvelos Ta­
visuflebis da damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg. Tqveni proeqtebi unda
gaamravloT im elementebiT, romelnic samudamod daangreven am da­
moukideblobas. (maWavariani: RmerTma nu mogvaswros) mec ar mgonia
da verc moaswroben aseT movlenas. Cven vambobT rom saxelmwifo unda
eyrdnobodes imisTana qveSevrdoms, romelic dakavSirebulia is­
toriulad, ekonomiurad, romelic dakavSirebula sulierad. Tuki
imisTana kanons miviRebT, rom dRidan damoukideblobis gamocxa­
debis, yvelas vaRiarebT Cven qveSevrdomebaT, CvenTvis saziano aris,
eserebis azri socialisturi Tvalsazrisi ki ar aris, aramed social­
izms ewinaaRmdegeba, dRevandel Cven pirobebs unda gauwioT angari­
Si, Tu es Sesworeba gatarda moitans arev darevas, Searyevs saxel­

513
mwifoebriv weswyobilebas, da aurdaurevs ekonomiur mdgomareobas.
(maWavariani WeSmaritia)! eserebi keTil survilebaze laparakoben,
aRmocenebul srul gaugebrobaze.
Cven viciT, rom aw arsebulni saxelmwifoebi did yuradRebas
aqceven qveSevrdomobis sakiTxs. saxelmwifo gaxlavT moqalaqeTa
imisTana organizacia, romelic iqmneba ZaliT. SeuZlebelia, rom
warmovidginoT dRes Cven imisTana saxelmwifo, romelic iZulebiTi
ar iyos Seqmnili, Cven ver warmogvidgenia dRevandel dRes imisTana
saxelmwifo, romelic Seqmnili iyos sruliad Tavisuflad, saca gan­
sazRvruli ar aris moqalaqeTa valdebuleba da movaleoba. amisTana
gansazRvra xdeba kanoniT, romelSic CarTulia Zaladoba.
qveSevrdomobis kanons didi mniSvneloba aqvs, da bevrs igi ar
moswons, radgan uSlis moqalaqeTa erTgvar TviTnebobas. rasakvirve­
lia unda moiwvioT imisTana elementebi, romelnic saqarTvelos qve­
Sevrdomobas da saxelmwifos TanaugrZnoben. rac „saxalxo“ gazeTSi
ewera, wakiTxva unda da Semdeg mofiqrebac. dRes Cvens mowinaaRmde­
geebs es ver SevatyeT.
me mogaxseneT Tqven, rom wakiTxuls gageba unda. „saxal. furce­
li“ imas amcnobda, rom saxelmwifoSi unda iyvnen imisTana qveSevr­
domni, romelnic TanaugrZnoben am saxelmwifos miswrafebas, saxelm­
wifos ganmtkicebas. is pirni, romelnic Cven gvemterebian, Cveni norCi
saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg moqmedoben, gandevnili unda iqnen saqarTve­
los teritoriidan. b. Sengelaias ise hgonia, rom es zoologiuri mi­
swrafebaa. zogs Taviseburad esmis zoologia, yvela Tavis arSiniT
zomavs. ra TvalsazrisiT uyurebda gazeTi am sakiTxs, advilad gasage­
bi iyo. Cven pirdapir vacxadebT da vacxadebdiT, rom umTavresad Cven
veyrdnobiT qarTvel ers, qarTvel mSromel xalxs. mware gamocdile­
bam dagvimtkica, rom Cven viyaviT marTalni. Cveni saxelmwifo iqmneba
Cveni sakuTari ZalebiT. Cveni damoukidebloba Cven TviTon gamovWe­
deT. Cven uars ara vyofdiT, rom sxva erebis warmomadgenelnic, imde­
nad, ramdenad dakavSirebulni arian am saxelmwifosTan, mxars dagvi­
Werdnen, magram bevri vnaxeT, bevri viwvnieT, bevri gamovcadeT. ara
sando pirebs mouyriaT CvenSi Tavi, bevri sxva naciis warmomadgenelni
gamoCndnen, romelnic ebrZodnen am damoukideblobas da Cven gveSin­
ian, rom swored amaT ar movaxvioT Tavs moqalaqeoba. Cveni kanoni
naTelia, cxadia, yovelmxriv gaTvaliswinebulia _ sakiTxi aris gaT­
valiswinebuli uflebrivad, teritoriulad, nacionalurad. vinc
dakavSirebulni arian Cvens saxelmwifosTan da aRmouCens daxmarebas,
visac raime Rvawli miuZRvis, vinc administratiulad miwerilia, bo­
los da bolos vinc moisurvebs Cven qveSevrdomobas, xdebian saqarTve­
los qveSevrdomebad. gana amiT Cven vdevniT vismes? amiT ara qarTvels
veubnebiT wavidnen aqedan? gana maT keTil miswrafebaT gzas uWriT,
gana ar vaZlevT yvelas saSualebas icxovros CvenSi? qarTvel xalxis
warmomadgenlebs cils ver daswameben. aba gviCveneT visa vdevniT? maS

514
ra aris aq sawinaaRmdego?! gana ewinaaRmdegeba yoveli Cveni naTqvami
socialistur Tvalsazriss? carieli sityvebiT fons ver gavlen. ga­
molaSqreba mesxiSvilis winaaRmdeg moklebulia simarTles. marTali
iyo igi, roca ambobda, rom Tavi imisTvisa gvaqvs, rom unda marTlac
rom veridoT waramara laparaks. demagogiur gamosvlebs araviTari
safuZveli ara aqvs.
es kanon-proeqti, romelic Cven mier unda iyos miRebuli, icavs
saxelmwifos, icavs mSromel xalxis interesebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.
raJden arseniZe. me winaaRmdegi var Semotanil Sesworebisa da ai,
ra mosazrebiT; am kanon-proeqts, yvela saxelmwifos moqalaqeobas,
safuZvlad aqvs ori principi, obieqtiuri da subieqtiuri. obieqti­
uri aris is, romelic TvaliT dainaxeba, romlis xelis Sexeba SeiZle­
ba, romelic nebis da survilis gamoTqmis gareSe gamoxatavs ama Tu
im adamianis mdgomareobas; subieqtiuri _ aris Tavis nebis piradi
gamoxatva Tavis sityviT, Tavis eniT. Cven proeqtis pirvel muxlSi
upiratesoba aqvs micemuli obieqtiur niSans, obieqtiuri niSnebis
Tviseba aris, Tu vin aris saqarTvelos moqalaqe. rac Seexeba eserebis
mier wamoyenebul 1 muxls, aq upiratesoba aqvs micemuli subieqtiur
princips. aq sweria: (kiTxulobs. xmauroba.) me vambob upiratesobaze,
obieqtiuri niSnebic aris aq aRniSnuli, magram es imdenad umniSvne­
loa, rom maze laparakic ara Rirs.
aq sweria: (kiTxulobs) da ai, me vambob, _ aq obieqtiuri niSnebi
savsebiT gaqarwylebulia, es sityvis masalaT aris moyvanili, da ara­
viTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs. aq sweria: „kanonis gamoqveynebamdis vinc
ki scxovrobda“, amiT mTeli is fronti, romelic daiZra yarsisa da
erzerumidan da gaiara saqarTvelos teritoriaze, yvelani am gamo­
qveynebamdis scxovrobdnen aq, da Semdeg wavidnen ruseTSi, arc erT
maTgans saSualeba ar eqneba sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi gamoacxados, rom
ar surs Cveni moqalaqeoba, da am kanonis mixedviT, yvela isini unda
vaRiaroT Cvens moqalaqeebaT. vinaidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi imaT
veraferi gamoacxades, mTeli rigi aseT SemTxveviT ganvlil pirebi­
sa, romelic Cvens damoukideblobis gamocxadebamdi cxovrobda Cven
teritoriaze iqnebian Cvengan gamocxadebuli saqarTvelos moqa­
laqeebaT. Tu aris sadme antidemokratiuli, gaugebari, umizno, mi­
zanSeuwoneli proeqti, aris eserebis pirveli muxli subieqtiur mo­
tivebiT, yovelgvar obieqtiur niSnebis uaryofiT. maT albaT egonaT,
rom is, rac daweres, aris namdvili obieqtiuri niSani: magram es aris
niSani imdenad SemTxveviTi xasiaTisa, imdenad zogadis xasiaTisa, rom
araviTar konkretiul saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, namdvil moqalaqeTa
kontigenti gamovarkvioT.
komisiis proeqtSi ki Cven gvaqvs principi obieqtiuri, swori da
mtkice. es obieqtiuri principi aris administratiul erTeulze mi­
wera. ese igi adamiani, romelsac surs gamovacxadoT Cvens moqalaqeT,

515
ara Tu gauvlia SemTxveviT Cvens teritoriaze, ara Tu droebiT
cxov­robda, aq sanam surda, da roca moisurva, wavida, aqedan aramed
erTgvarad miRebuli gaxTa kidevac am teritoriaze, aqaur adminis­
tratiul erTeulze miewera, ese igi mazris, guberniis, an soflis
sazogadoebrivi mcxovrebeli gaxda. amiT Tavisi nebis yofa gamoxata,
amiT man sTqva, me dRes var mijaWuli im miwa-wyalze, romelsac saqa­
rTvelo ewodeba. cxadia, rodesac saqarTvelo beds icvlis, acxadebs
damoukideblobas da sxva misi mcxovreblebic iziareben mis beds.
ai, es principi gaxlavT miRebuli komisiis mier. rodesac Cven 26
maiss gamovacxadeT damoukidebloba, amiT gamocxadnen damoukideb­
lad yvela isini, vinc am teritoriis udavo mcxovreblebi arian. da­
narCenis Sesaxeb Cven calke muxlebi gvaqvs, da maSin mogaxsenebT, ro­
gor gadavWeriT imaTi bedi, vinc ase udavo moqalaqeT ver CaiTvleba.
Cven, rom migveRo principi, romelic aq wamoayenes eserebma e. i. vinc
ar ganacxadebs uars sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, yvela is Cagvewera saqa­
rTvelos moqalaqeT, aq dairRvevoda meore mTavari principi, is, rom
saxelmwifo TiTon ki ar iRebs moqalaqes, aramed saqarTvelos moqa­
laqeT Semodis is, visac es surs. saxelmwifo ki ara, aramed ubralo
sazogadoebac rom aviRoT, romelsac Tavis miznebi aqvs da raime sa­
gans emsaxureba, isic yvela msurvels ar miiRebs. Tqven gsurT, rom
iyoT Cveni wevri, magram exla Cven gekiTxebiT, gvsurs Tu ara, rom
Tqven iyoT Cveni sazogadoebis wevri. me mgoni ase kiTxvis dayeneba
savsebiT samarTliania. Tqven gsurT Cveni moqalaqeoba, magram Cven
ki ar gvsurs, rom Tqven iyoT Cveni moqalaqe. (xma: dRes!) dResac ise,
rogorc momavalSi. me vambob amitom, damfuZnebel krebis mowve­
vamdis, manam, sanam Sesdgeboda namdvili kontigenti moqalaqeobi­
sa, Cven SegveZlo gamogvecxadebina mxolod iseTi kanoni, rogoric
aris 16 ivlisis debuleba. maSin arc dava, arc laparaki ar SeiZle­
boda amis winaaRmdeg, miuxedavaT amisa, iyvnen es moqalaqeni momxre
Tu mowinaaRmdege im nabijisa, romelic Cven gadavdgiT, iqneboden
es reaqcionerebi, Tu revoliucionerebi, Tu isini, visac Tavis Tavi
revoliucionerebi egonaT, reaqcionerebi ki iyvnen. yvela is xalxi,
romelTac am teritoriasTan hqonda dakavSirebuli Tavis bedi da
scxovrobda aq, ar SeiZleboda ar gamogvecxadebia Cvens moqalaqeT.
da isini Cven gamovacxadeT udavo moqalaqeebaT. Semdgom kanonmde­
blobas aqvs saqme am udavo moqalaqeebTan. damfuZnebeli kreba am pir­
vel muxlis safuZvelze Seikriba, marTalia 109 social-demokrati
mogvca, xolo social-revoliucionerebi cota ar iyos Seaviwrova,
magram yvela amisTvis xom am ZiriTad kanons ver gavauqmebT. es aris
pirveli muxli amoRebuli 16 ivlisis debulebidan. es gaxlavT sa­
fuZveli, romelzedac aSenda Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba _ es simtkice
Cveni damoukideblobisa.
me vambob, rom rodesac gamodis am tribunaze deputati da ambobs
es muxli amoSlili unda iyoso _ es ambobs, movWraT is safuZveli, ro­

516
melzedac Cven vzivarT. Tu ki safuZvels moSliT, romelzedac saxel­
mwifo aSenebs mTel cxovrebas, maSin xom unda gaauqmoT TviT dam­
fuZnebeli kreba, Tu loRikas davicavT, da axlad moviwvioT igi, axal
qveSevrdomobis kanonis mixedviT, vinaidan winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ar
gecodinebaT vin agvirCia, Cvenma moqalaqeebma Tu sxvisma. Tu es kanoni
gavauqmeT, Cven vambobT, samma Tvem unda ganvlos da mxolod maSin gav­
igebT, varT Cven moqalaqeni Tu ara. manamde ki Cven eWvis qveS viqnebiT
da ar gvecodineba, varT moqalaqe Tu ara, gvaqvs ufleba damfuZnebel
krebis wevrobisa Tu ara. rom gavigoT, moqalaqe varT saqarTvelosi
Tu ara, (xma: gobeCia italielia!) unda ucadoT 3 Tve; iqneba am xnis
ganmavlobaSi vinmem ganacxados kidec, rom ar surs aq cxovreba, an ar
surs gaxdes damfuZnebel krebis wevri. yvela am mosazrebiT am muxlis
miReba yovlad SeuZlebelia.
aq iyo sxva sabuTi wamoyenebuli: es kanon-proeqti Turme ar aris
socialisturi. me aq gamaxsenda Semdegi debuleba: yvela is ver Seva
sasufevelSi, vinc iZaxis „ufalo, ufaloo“. Cvenc ese vfiqrobT, yve­
la is, vinc iZaxis: „socializacia, socializaciao“, kidev ar aris nam­
dvili socialisti (gobeCia: Tqven aZlevT patents?). mudam am sityvis
gameoreba me marwmunebs winaaRmdegSi, mudam am zogad principebis
erTi-meoreze wamoyeneba da misi konkretizaciis mouxerxebloba,
marwmunebs SemdegSi: rom zogierTebma zogadi principi amoikiTxes,
magram misi cxovrebasTan Segueba da cxovrebis yovel movlenisTvis
gamoyeneba ver moaxerxes. socializmis mniSvneloba dRes imaSi md­
gomareobs, rom es principi cxovrebis im konkretul movlenas Sevu­
guoT, romelic win gvidgas. Cven socialistebma unda gamoviyenoT
es principi imgvarad, rom igi gaxdes sasargeblo im klasisTvis, ro­
melic umTavresi matarebelia socialistur ideis, e. i muSaTa kla­
sisTvis, mSromel elementebisTvis. am mxriv Tu SevxedavT im klass,
romelmac mogvca Cveni damoukidebloba, unda, rom Cven swored es
kanoni unda gamogveca da ara is, romelzedac aq eserebi gveubnebi­
an. am kanonis saSualebiT Cven gamovacaleT saxelmwifos mTeli rigi
iseT elementebisa, romelic am demokratias, am xalxs uSlida xels
Tavis SemoqmedebiTi muSaobaSi. Tu am faqts uaryofs vinme, maSin vi­
tyvi, rom es debuleba yalbad migviRia, magram Tu es faqti marTalia,
Tu es swori, istoriuli movlenaa, maSin es muxli yofila revoli­
ucionuri imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc Cven namuSavars da Cven namoRvawevs
dangrevas upirebda. revoliucia tribunaze fasebis Tqmas ki ar Sei­
cavs, revoliucia imaSi gamoixateba, rom demokratiis mtrebs lax­
vrad moxvdes. da ai me vambob, am kanoniT Cveni demokratiis mtrebs
Zalian gavuZneleT Cvens winaaRmdeg brZola da muSaoba. raki es ase
moxda, cxadia, es kanoni iyo sasargeblo demokratiisa da maSasa­
dame Tavis arsebiTi mniSvnelobiT revoliucionuri. (xma: naciona­
listebisTvis!) nacionalistebisTvisac iyo sasargeblo, imitom rom
demokratiul wyobilebis dros ufro meti Tavisufleba aqvs yovel

517
jgufs da mimdinareobas, vinem sxva romelime wyobilebaSi. cxadia,
rom demokratiis frTis qveS nacionalistebi winandelze ukeT cx­
ovroben, Tumca winaaRmdegi arian misi, me mgonia, socializmis dros
kidev ufro ukeT icxovreben, roca ganxorcieldeba muSaTa klasis
ideali, maSin es nacionalistebi TiTon kmayofilebiT ityvian, ai, ra
bednieri varT muSaTa klasis xelSio. magram es ar gvaZlevs sabuTs
imisas, rom socialistebi nacionalistebad gamovacxadoT mxolod
imitom, rom nacionalistebi (xmauroba) siamovnebiT SeuerTden
am maRal sazogadoebas. (gvazava: samoTxe iqneba!) vin SemouerTde­
bodes am kanon-proeqts es ki ar aris mniSvnelovani, mTavari aris
is, rac gakeTdeba, rac obieqtiurad moyveba am kanons. xolo ivane
gaiRimebs, petres ewyineba, Tu ra moxdeba, es famusovis principia
da ara socialistebis. Semdeg isic gviTxres, rom es kanon-proeqti
Turme socialistur principis winaaRmdeg yofila, imitom rom so­
cialistebs arasodes ar uTqvamT erovnul saxelmwifos daarseba
kargiao. me unda xelaxlad gavimeoro is, rac erTi kviris ganmav­
lobaSi SeeZlo Cem win molaparake orators gamoerkvia, saxeldobr,
rom internacionalizmi da socializmi qadagebs swored aseT prin­
cips: „erTi eri, _ erTi saxelmwifo“. es aris principi, magram rom
maT ukuRmarTad ar gaigon, ise rogorc maT gaiges citatebi Jor­
danias citatebidan, me unda ganvacxado, rom es debuleba ar aris
absoliuturi mcneba. erTi eri, _ erTi saxelmwifo yvela pirobeb­
Si, yvela erisTvis, SeiZleba ar gaxdes saukeTesod, magram es imas
niSnavs, rom Tu Tqven saWirod da aucileblad dainaxavT, rom erTi
eri gadaiqces erT saxelmwifod, Tqven Tqven sruli ufleba gaqvT
es iaraRad gamoiyenoT muSa xalxis, mSromel xalxis sasargeblod,
maT gasaZliereblad. ai es pincipi, aseTi SezRudviT mudam miRebuli
iyo social-demokratebis mier. SeiZleba istoriidan dagisaxeloT
erTi faqti. 1903 wels samzRvar gared gamovida erTi wignaki _ „qa­
rTveli nacionalistebi“, sadac ewera, rom Cven SegviZlian damou­
kideblobac miviRoT erisa. es iyo 1903-4 wels. im dRidan moyole­
buli dRemdi saqarTvelos social-demokratebs saerTod arasodes
aseT principisTvis ar gadauxveviaT.
erTi eri _ erTi saxelmwifo; ra aris es principi? am principze
aris aSenebuli erTi muxli yvela social-demokratebis programi­
sa, _ erTa TviT gamorkveva, da es marto social-demokratiul pro­
gramaSi ki ar gaxlavT, aramed yovel socialistur programaSi aris,
da roca socialisti programaSi icavs raime muxls, unda icodes is
ZiriTadi principi, romlidanac es muxli gamomdinareobs, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Cavardeba TiTon Tavis parti­
is winaSe. Cven aq gviTxres bagaJze, da me unda ganvmarto, rom arc me
msurda mometana Cemadnebi da mTeli xrova wignebisa, me vgulisxmobdi
qonebriv bagaJs, codnas an wignebiT an cxovrebaSi SeZenils, da ara
wignebs da sxva raime aseT nivTier sagnebs. da Tu is aseT saoxunjoT

518
gamoiyenes, rom me ver movitane wignebio, es mxolod Tavis Tavis ga­
oxunjeba aris, da ara azrisa, romelic aq iyo wamoyenebuli. yvela
am azrebis gamo, me mgoni SemiZlia davskvna Semdegi, is pirveli mux­
li, romelic wamoyenebulia proeqtSi, aris namdvili gamomxatveli,
konkretiulad dRevandel pirobebSi Camoyalibebul im interesebisa,
romelic unda daicvas Cvenma demokratiam. is principi ki, romelic
aris wamoyenebuli eserebis mier, Semotanili Sesworebis saxiT, aris
sruliad gamousadegari Cveni demokratiisTvis, da rogorc aseTi, ga­
moiwvevs CvenSi mxolod uazrobobas, arevs darevs Cvens cxovrebas, da
swored am mosazrebiT unda uaryofil iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. kenWs uyri im Ses­
worebas, romelic Semotanilia soc.-rev. mier. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
Sesworeba uaryofilia. saerTod uyri kenWs pirvel muxls. vin aris
winaaRmdegi pirveli muxlisa? miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi social-demokratebis fraqcias Semoa­
qvs aseTi Sesworeba, amoiSalos: (kiTxulobs) „magram 1914 w. ivnisis
19-de (Zveli stiliT) ukanaskneli 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganuwyvetliv
cxovrobda saqarTvelos dRevandel teritoriaze“ amis magivrad Cai-
weros: „magram 1914 w. ianvris 1-dan ganuwyvetliv cxovrobs saqarTve­
los teritoriaze“.
am Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) meore muxls komisiis redaqciiT uwin mxars
uWerdnen social-demokratebi sakonstitucio komisiaSi, magram ex­
la SemoaqvT Sesworeba da saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrebis xan­
grZlivobas moqalaqeobis mosapoeblaT amokleben ori wliT, moqa­
laqeobis mosapoeblaT exlac didi staJia dawesebuli _ TiTqmis xuT
naxevari weliwadi.
kanon-proeqtis meoTxe, mexuTe da meeqvse wakiTxva rom iyos
dawesebuli reglamentis ZaliT, maSin social-demokratebi, albaT,
sruliaT uaryofen yovelgvar staJs moqalaqeobis uflebis mosapoe­
blaT, radganac maTi azri moqalaqeobis sakiTxSi, rogorc es exla
gamoirkva, ganicdis TandaTanobiTi evoliucias. Cveni fraqciis az­
riT, rodesac axali saxelmwifo arsdeba gansazRvrul teritori­
aze, yovel pirs, romelic cxovrobs am ukanasknelze, ufleba unda
hqondes Tavis Tavi CaTvalos am axlad daarsebul saxelmwifos moqa­
laqed da sul sxvanairad unda daisvas sakiTxi mxolod imaT Sesaxeb,
vinc saxelmwifos daarsebis Semdeg Semoixizneba saxelmwifos teri­
toriaze. amaT unda moipovon moqalaqeoba naturalizaciiT da ami­
saTvis unda arsebobdes erTgvari wesi. TiTqmis yvela, saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRes scxovrobda saqarTveloSi, iyo
ruseTis respublikis moqalaqe da TanabraT sargeblobda respub­
likis moqalaqeTa uflebebiT miuxedavaT imisa, Tu romel ers ekuT­
vnoda esa Tu is piri. rodesac saqarTvelos, rogorc gansazRvrul

519
teritoriis damoukidebloba gamocxadebul iqna, maSin xelovnuraT
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebTa Soris uTanasworoba gaCnda. nacionalis­
turi TvalsazrisiT amis dasabuTeba SeiZleba. nacionalisti ambobs:
me qarTveli var, saqarTvelos teritoria Cemi mama papis sisxliT aris
morwyuli da amitom sxva erTa Svilebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze
mivaniWeb moqalaqeobis uflebas maSin, rodesac amas me davinaxav sa­
WiroT da im saxiT, romliTac es me msurs. magram internacionalisti
ise ver imsjelebs, miT umetes socialisti, da amitom Cveni fraqcia
winaaRmdegia am SemTxvevaSi cxovrebis xangrZlivobis yovelgvari
staJis dawesebisa imaTTvis, vinc damoukideblobis gamocxadebis
dRes scxovrobda saqarTveloSi.
momxsenebeli raJden arseniZe. me Tavidanve vicodi, rom is ora­
torebi, romelnic aq gamobrZanden, Cems winaaRmdeg, saganze ar ilapa­
rakebden, da marTlac ase Caidines.
aq erTi principi aris aRiarebuli erTi kategoriis moqalaqeebi­
sTvis, isini ki sul sxvebze gvelaparakebian, romlebzedac Cven gvaqvs
sxva muxlSi laparaki _ saxeldobr muSebze. da sxva aseTgvar aq da­
binavebul xalxze. SeiZleboda exlave ar gagveca amaze pasuxi, magram
mainc minda wavukiTxo da gavagebino maT, rom imaTTvis, vinc muSebi
arian, gvaqvs sxva winadadeba mesame muxlSi. am muxlSi ai, ra sweria
(kiTxulobs).
cxadia, imis Tqma, rom muSebs ori weliwadi aCuqeso, Tu ori weli­
wadi apatieso, _ es iyo sityvis masalaT motanili, an da gaugebrobiT,
amaze amitom aRar SevCerdebi.
am muxlis Sesaxeb arsebiTad ar mogaxsenebT, TiTqos meore muxliT
ibRalvebodes sxva erebis uflebebi, TiTqos am muxliT vaniWebdeT
raRaca upiratesobas qarTvelebs da varTmevdeT upiratesobas sxva
eris xalxs. aq sweria: „yofili ruseTis qveSevrdomi“. cxadia aqedan
SeiZleba erTi daskvna gamoitanoT, im ucxoelebs, romelnic germani­
is, avstriis, inglisis da sxva saxelmwifos qveSevrdomebi arian, es
muxli ar exebaT. marTlac es muxli mxolod ruseTis qveSevrdomebs
exebaT: yovelive ruseTis qveSevrdoms, vinc ki iyo winaT ruseTSi, iyo
is rusi, qarTveli, somexi, Tu musulmani, es exeba yvelas ganurCevlad.
maSasadame es muxli aris internacionaluri, da Tu vixmare ter­
minologia gobeCiasi, es iqneba socialisturi, vinaidan brZanebs, raki
internacionaluria ueWvelad socialisturi ariso.
me vambob, es aucileblad internacionaluri gaxlavT swored
imitom, rom yvela naciisTvis erTi da igive muxli aris miRebuli.
(xmauroba). magram swored amitom ar gvinda davarqvaT socialistu­
ri, rom „internacionaluri“ bevri ara socialistic gvinaxavs, bur­
Juac da reaqcioneric, _ internacionaluri Tu revoliucionuri
fraziT. me vambob, rom es muxli internacionaluria imiT, rom igi Ta­
nasworad exeba yvela erebs, visac raime kavSiri da damokidebuleba
aqvs im saxelmwifosTan, romelic Cven davaarseT. amitom es muxli Ta­

520
nasworad awesebs SeRavaTs im pirTaTvis, romelnic aq scxovrobdnen
ramodenime xnis ganmavlobaSi mainc, ese igi SemTxveviT ki ar arian aq,
aramed ramodenime xani mainc ucxovriaT Cven teritoriaze, da Cven
SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom ramodenimed mainc arian dainteresebulni,
ramodenimed mainc arian dakavSirebulni Cven xalxTan gansazRvrul
dros. (xma: vin mogcaT amis ufleba? xmauroba. zari.)
Tavmjdomare. batonebo, umorCilesad gTxovT, kerZo laparaks
Tavi daaneboT, yovlad SeuZlebelia ese krebis warmoeba. keTil ineb­
eT, nu uSliT orators!
raJden arseniZe. aq gvekiTxebian, vin mogcaT uflebao? me unda gan­
vacxado, rom damfuZnebeli krebis wevrisTvis aseTi SekiTxva samarcx­
vinoa! (taSi).
Cven es neba mogvca xalxma. (neli taSi) (kedia: ufro gabedulad
daukariT!).
amitom Cven vkanonmdeblobT im xalxis saxeliT, romelmac gamogvg­
zavna da im pirebisTvis, romelnic pirvel muxlis ZaliT ar moxvden
Cvens qveSevrdomebaT, Cven unda SevqmnaT erTgvari SeRavaTi imisda
mixedviT, Tu ramodenad arian isini SekavSirebulni Cven qveyanasTan,
da am SekavSirebis niSnad Cven aviReT maTi xangrZlivi cxovreba Cvens
teritoriaze.
komisiis mier iyo miRebuli 1914 w. 19 ivnisi da imis win kidev 3
w. cxovreba am teritoriaze da es im mosazrebiT, rom SesaZlebelia
mraval maTgans omSi gawvevis gamo daetovebinaT es teritoria, da es
iZulebiTi wasvla am teritoriidan naklad gvinda CavuTvaloT da
am iZulebiTi wasvlis gamo ar unda wagverTmia maTTvis moqalaqeTa
miRebis ufleba. da swored amitom SevitaneT, rom 3 weliwadi vinc
scxovrobda CvenSi, imaT mivceT ufleba moqalaqeoba moiTxovon da
dauyonebliv miiRon kidec-Tqo. rasakvirvelia, rom did omianobas
ar hqonoda am Cven damoukideblobis gamocxadebamdin adgili, Cven
maSin vityodiT, vinc aq sami weliwadi scxovrobda saqarTvelos da­
moukideblobis gamocxadebis dRemde. magram Cven vambobT, rom auare­
beli pirebi, romelsac kavSiri aqvs Cvens xalxTan, ar iyo aq omis gamo,
is wasuli iyo sxvagan sadme Soreul frontze 1914 wlidan, da sami
wlis winad ki ueWvelad iyo aq, vinaidan sxva raime mosazreba aqedan
ar moiTxovda mis wasvlas. es erTi.
meorec, omi iyo da omis ganmavlobaSi aq iyo SemTxveviT omis gamo
Camosuli auarebeli xalxi, romelTac ar undodaT saqarTveloSi
cxovreba. cxadia aseT xalxs rom mivadgeT da SevTavazoT Cveni moqa­
laqeobis ufleba, es Cven saxelmwifoebriobas arc Rirsebas Sehmatebs
da arc sargeblobas moutans. amitom miviReT Cven pirveli sami muxli
da ar gavyeviT im cariel frazeologias, romelic ambobs, rom visac
surs, is unda miiRoT.
aq kidev Cven gveubnebian, Tqven rogor bedavT am muxlis miRe­
bas, rodesac zogierTi ara qarTveli reaqcioneri quCaSi dadis da

521
zogierTi qarTveli revoliucioneri ki cixeSi ziso. me unda gan­
vacxado, rom amas araviTari kavSiri, araviTari damokidebuleba
ara aqvs moqalaqeobasTan. cxadia, vinc cixeSi sxedan raime danaSau­
lobis gamo sxedan da vinc raime danaSaulobas Caidens, igi ueWve­
lad cixeSi moxdeba, isic, vinc revoliucioners uwodebs Tavis Tavs,
cixeSi moxdeba, Tu danaSauli Caidina. aq moqalaqeoba ver ixsnis mas
verc cixidan, verc sxva sasjelisagan, swored amitom me mgonia, rom
sabuTi aq mosatani ar aris. demokratiul respublikaSi ar iWeren
quCaSi ama Tu im kacs imisTvis, rom mas reaqcioneri hqvian, da ara
revoliucioneri an socialisti. rom ar iWeren es ar CaiTvleba
borotebaT demokratiul respublikisTvis, vinaidan CvenSi arse­
bobs Tavisufleba pirovnebisa, da amas vaxorcielebT. piriqiT, rom
vsTqvaT, ratom iWerT moqalaqeso, es kidev gasagebi iqneboda? ma­
gram imis Tqma, rom moqalaqes zogs iWerT da zogi ise dadiano, es
raRac gaugebrobaa, romelTac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs imas Cven
gasabWob saganTan.
swored amitom vambob, unda ilaparakoT muxlis gamo, da ara sxva
saganze, romelic sruliad ar Seexeba am muxls. esec gviTxres, Tqven
albad SezRudva imitom SeitaneT am muxlSi, rom viRacis geSiniaTo.
Cven, rom gveSinodes, gaviqceodiT. Cven ki ar gveSinian, Cven vibrZviT,
da radgan vibrZviT, amisTvis vqmniT iseT kanons, romelic brZolaSi
gamogvadgeba. Tqven ki ggoniaT, rom roca kanonis daweriTa da kanonis
cxovrebaSi gatarebiT vawarmoebT brZolas _ es SiSi ariso. Tu kano­
niT brZola SiSia, maSin xeli unda aiRoT kanondeblobaze, vinaidan
SiSi Seferis TqvenisTana revoliucioners!
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri im Sesworebas, romelic Semotanilia
soc.-dem. fraqciis mier da romelic ukve mogxsendaT. vin aris wi­
naaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlis
Sesworebis? meore muxli miRebulia. Semdegi.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mesame muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-4 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi gaxlavT Semotanili ori Sesworeba.
erTi social-demokratiul fraqciisa, (kiTxulobs). „am muxlis ZaliT
miRebuli dadgenileba momrig. mosamarTlem dauyonebliv unda acno­
bos saTanado prokurors. ukanasknels ufleba eZleva dRidan aslis
miRebisa ori kviris vadaSi gaasaCivros aseTi dadgenileba“.
meore eserebis fraqciisa. (kiTxulobs): „pirvel muxlSi aRniSnu­
li gancxadeba waredgineba adgilobriv momrigebel mosamarTles,
romelic aRniSnavs saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze uaris mTqmelTa gan­
sakuTrebul wignSi“.
es ori Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli raJden arseniZe. eserebis Sesworeba miuRebelia
ukve imitom, rom maTi pirveli muxli, romelsac is ekuTvnis, uaryo­

522
filia. amitom TavisTavad cxadia, es Sesworeba uaryofili unda iyos,
unda moixsnas, imitom rom uazrobas Seitans kanonSi da es damfuZneb­
el krebis Rirsebas ar Seefereba.
aris meore Sesworeba, romelic social-demokratiis fraqciis
saxeliT aris Semotanili. es Sesworeba Seicavs erTgvar garantias
imisas, rom mosamarTle ar iyos ukontrolo, rom mas hqondes kontro­
li saxelmwifosi, Tundac prokuroris saxiT. me piradad amis winaaRm­
deg araferi ar meqneba, Tumca es miRebuli ar iyo komisiaSi, komisiis
azriT mosamarTlec sakmaris garantias warmoadgens saxelmwifos in­
teresebisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri social-demokratiul fraqciis Ses­
worebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba social-demokratiul
fraqciisa miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi soc.-rev. fraqciis wina­
dadebis? vin aris momxre? (soc.-revoliuc.). social-revoliucioner­
ebis Sesworeba uaryofilia.
me-4 muxli SesworebiT miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-5 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? mexuTe muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-6 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlis litera a-Si social-demokratiul fraq­
cias Semoaqvs aseTi cvlileba (kiTxulobs): lit. a. Sicvalos Semdeg
redaqciiT: „Svili saqarTvelos moqalaqisa, dabadebuli saqarTve­
los teritoriaze, an mis gareT“.
momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli arseniZe. es saredaqcio xasiaTis Sesworeba aris. igi
azrs arsebiTad ar scvlis, amitom winaaRmdegi ar varT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebis? Sesworeba miRe­
bulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlis SesworebiT? muxli miRebulia.
Semdegi.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs me-7 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aris Sesworeba social-revoliucionerebisa, pir­
veli gaxlavT aseTi (kiTxulobs): amoiSalos pirvel SeniSvnidan si­
tyvebi: „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoe­
briv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“.
meore Sesworeba aris agreTve amoiSalos sruliad SeniSvna me-
2-e: „agreTve vadis mouTxovnelad SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saqarTve­
los moqalaqeT yoveli ucxo qveSevrdomi qarTveli“.
momxsenebeli arseniZe. pirveli SeniSvnidan amoiSalos (kiTxu­
lobs): „Tavisi mecnieruli SromiT, samxedro daxmarebiT, sazogadoe­
briv moRvaweobiT Tu sxva mxriv“.
me zedmetad mimaCnia amis amoSla da ai ratom: aq aris erTis ni­
Sani miRebuli, „TvalsaCino Rvawli“, mxolod raSi gamoixateba es zo­
gadi mcneba, gamourkvevelia. aseT pirobebSi kanonmdebeli mimarTavs
xolme ramodenime magaliTis CamoTvlas, romliTac aRniSnavs mimar­

523
Tulebas kanonmdebelis azrisa. aqac kanonmdebeli aRniSnavs, rogor
mdgomareobas ewodeba TvalsaCino Rvawli. ai, magaliTad aRniSnulia
mecnieruli samxedro an sxva ram amisdagvari sazogadoebrivi sarge­
bloba, es aris didi Rvawli mTeli xalxisTvis, mTeli erTeulisTvis
da ara is, rac romelime kerZo pirs, partiis wevrs miaCnia did Rvaw­
lad, magram arsebiTad ki ar Seadgens Rvawls. imisTvis, rom TvalsaCi­
no Rvawli ar iyos ganxiluli yovelive piris, individis piradi Sexed­
ulebis mixedviT, aris CamoTvlili zogierTi didi Rvawli, romelTan
SedarebiT Cven SegviZlia sxva Rvawlic davafasoT. ai, am azriT aris
CamoTvlili aq magaliTebi da komisiis azriT es unda darCes.
rac Seexeba meore SeniSvnis amoSlas, me es sruliad miuReblad
mimaCnia da ai ratom: am SeniSvniT SeRavaTi eZleva ucxo qveSevrdom
qarTvels. am Sesworebis avtorni winaaRmdegni arian, rom amas nacio­
nalizmaT sTvliT da sxva, magram araferi aseTi aq ar gaxlavT. nacio­
nalizmi aris, rodesac Tavis xalxis sasargeblod sxva ers rame zians
moutan. Cven rom gvsurdes saqarTvelos da qarTvelebis sargeblobis
mosatanaT, ziani mivsceT sxva ers, sxva eri davCagroT, davimorCil­
oT, rame xarjebi, begarebi gadavaxdevinoT da sxva, _ es iqneboda na­
cionalizmi, zoologiuri nacionalizmi, kaci-Wamioba. xolo Cven rom
Cven teritoriaze yoveli qarTveli iolad da advilaT miviRoT da
gamovacxadoT qarTvel moqalaqeT, amiT me mgonia arc erTis inter­
esebs ar vbRalavT, arc erT ers Cven ar vCagravT. piriqiT, Cven amiT
xels SevuwyobT, rom moxdes konsolidacia erebisa, rom eris gafant­
vas xeli SevuSaloT, radgan amiT eri advilad iCagreba. am SeniSvnis
miRebiT Cven xels SevuwyobT mxolod erovnul Cagvris Semcirebas da
Sesustebas. amitom is miRebuli unda iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs vuyri pirvelsa da meore Sesworebas. vin aris
winaaRmdegi? (umravlesoba). pirveli da meore Sesworeba uaryofil­
ia. maSasadame muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs me-8 da me-9 muxls) muxlebi
kenWis yriT miRebulia.
momxsenebeli r. arseniZe. (kiTxulobs me-10 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq gaxlavT Sesworeba Semotanili social-demokra­
tiul fraqciisa. pirveli aseTi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs) lit. „b-dan
amoiSalos sityvebi „samsaxurSi Seva“ da Caematos nacvlad ukanas­
knelisa: „samxedro, an samoqalaqo Tanamdebobas miiRebs“. maSasadame,
Tu inebebT da miiRebT, gamova ese (kiTxulobs). meore Sesworeba gax­
lavT aseTi „paragrafi „g“ sruliad gamoricxul iqnes“.
momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli arseniZe: litera „b“ Sesaxeb Sesworeba aris iseTi,
rom igi Secvlil iqnes Semdeg nairad: „samxedro an samoqalaqo Tanam­
debobas miiRebs.“
Sesworebis winaaRmdeg araferi ar maqvs. litera „b“-Si Semotani­
li Sesworeba azrs ar scvlis da ar ewinaaRmdegeba.

524
rac Seexeba litera „g“ Sesworebas, rom igi sruliad amoSalos,
komisiis saxeliT me winaaRmdegi var amis, imisTvis, rom miscemodaT
saSualeba zogierT moqalaqeT ganecxadebinaT da wasuliyvnen iq, sad­
ac moqalaqeoba surT da sadac moRvaweoben.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi im Sesworebis, romelic Se­
motanilia social-demokrat. fraqciis mier? pirveli da meore Ses­
woreba miRebulia.
me-10 muxli SesworebiT miRebulia.
raJ. arseniZe. kiTxulobs (me-11 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? me-11 muxli miRebulia. vin
aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad kanon-proeqtisa? kanon-proeqti mTli­
anad miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi kanon-proeqtis momxsenebeli anjafariZe.

pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ epidemiasTan


brZolaSi daRupul da unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa
ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.

giorgi anjafariZe. Tqven iciT batonebo, rom Cven respublikaSi


gavrcelebuli aris sxva da sxva epidemiuri avadmyofobani, romleb­
mac mTavrobis winaSe metad rTuli sakiTxebi daayena am avadmyofoba­
Ta winaaRmdeg brZolis saSualebis gamoZebnisa. zogadaT es sakiTxi
ukve gadawyvetilia. ukve daarsebulia Tanamdeboba gansakuTrebuli
rwmunebulisa, gaRebulia saTanado krediti, SemuSavebulia Statebi,
magram yvela am RonisZiebaTa cxovrebaSi gatarebis dros aRmoCnda zo­
gierTi naklulovanebi. epidemiasTan nayofierad brZolisaTvis saWiro
aris saTanado Statebi eqimebisa, ferSlebisa, saTnoebis debisa da sxva,
saWiroa, rom es personali uzrunvelyofili iyos jamagirebiT. garda
amisa, unda iqnes erTgvari garantia, rom Tu am brZolis dros saeqi­
mo personals raime xifaTi mouvida, maTi ojaxebi ar darCeba ulukma­
purod. imisTvis, rom isini, vinc daziandebian brZolis dros saTana­
dod uzrunvelyofili iyvnen _ saministros Semoaqvs es kanon-proeqti.
es kanon-proeqti mTel personals, romelic Rebulobs monawileobas am
brZolaSi yofs 3 kategoriaT. pirvel kategoriaSi aris eqimebi, isini,
vinc msaxureben saxelmwifo samsaxurSi da sazogado dawesebulebebSi,
da isinic, vinc kerZo praqtikas ewevian, Tu ki maT mTavroba daavalebs
brZolas epidemiasTan. meore kategorias Seadgenen ferSlebi, saTnoe­
bis debi da dezinfeqtorebi. mesame da ukanaknel kategorias Seadgenen
sanitrebi. mTavrobas aqvs ganzraxva am kanon-proeqtis ZaliT pirvel
kategorias misces erTdrouli daxmareba 30,000 maneTi. meores _ 20,000
da mesame kategorias _ 15,000 maneTi. aRniSnuli erTdrouli daxmareba
miecema imaT, vinc sruliad dakargaven Sromis unars, da agreTve imaT
ojaxebs, vinc brZolis dros gardaicvleba.

525
(g. anjafariZis sityvis dros Tavmjdomaris alags iWers simon
mdivani).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi rom gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze? aravin. maSasadame, muxlobrivi ganxilva moxdeba Semdeg
krebaze.
Semdegi sakiTxi: (kiTxulobs)

meore muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saxazino


rkinis gzebis mosamsaxureTa jamagiris momatebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli ivane WavWaniZe. (rig-rigad kiTxulobs kanon-proeq­


tis 1-s, me-2, me-3 da me-4 muxls). muxlobrivi ganxilvis dros kanon-pro­
eqti msjelobas ar iwvevs.
kanon-proeqti miRebulia da gadaeca saredaqcio komisias.

cvlileba iuridiul komisiaSi.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT moaxsenoT krebas soc.-demokratiul fraq­


ciis winadadeba.
mdivani (kiTxulobs): iuridiul komisiaSi soc.-demokrat. fraqci­
idan nacvlad v. nodiasi da d. oniaSvilisa arCeul iqnen sergi ja-
fariZe da grigol giorgaZe.

morig sxdomis dRiuri wesrigi.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT moaxsenoT krebas morig sxdomis dRiuri


wesrigi.
mdivani (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. amtkicebT batono, morig sxdomis wesrigs? winaaR­
mdegi aravin aris, wesrigi damtkicebulia.
sxdomas vxurav.
Tavmjdomare sxdomas daxurulad acxadebs naSuadRevis 2 s. da 30 w.

526
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meoce sxdoma

1919 w. maisis 27. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­


xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
konstantine jafariZe
da qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 s. da 15 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT, sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTx­
ovT waikiTxoT gancxadebani da dRiuri wesrigi.

estonelTa erovnul sabWos depeSa.

mdivani (kiTxulobs) estonelTa erovnul sabWosagan gamogzavnil


molocvis depeSas saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan
erTi wlis Sesrulebis gamo.

cvlilebani safinanso-sabiujeto da Sromis komisiaSi.

mdivani. kiTxulobs soc.-demok. fraqciis winadadebas, raTa sa­


biujeto-safinanso komisiaSi nacvlad i. eligulaSvilisa, romelmac
uari ganacxada, arCeul iqnes ioseb iremaSvili da Sromis komisiaSi
nacvlad i. eligulaSvilisa, romelmac uari ganacxada arCeul iqnes
p. beriSvili.

527
geronti qiqoZis gancxadeba.

mdivani. kiTxulobs geronti qiqoZis gancxadebas, rom igi aRar


iTvleba erovnul-demokratiul fraqciaSi.

komisiaSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

saxalxo ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti _ saostato seminar­


iis damatebiTi Statis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema ganaTlebis da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
Sromis ministris kanon-proeqti _ uqme dReebis ricxvis Semcire­
bis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema iuridiul da Sromis komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti xazinis Semosavlis gasaZliereblad zogier­


Ti RonisZiebis miRebis kanonisa.
2. saboloo teqsti saxazino rkinis gzebis mosamsaxureTaTvis
jamagiris momatebis kanonisa.
3. saboloo teqsti moqalaqeobis kanonisa.
4. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis ka­
tegoriis gareSe myof agentebisaTvis jamagiris momatebisaTvis.
5. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa miwebis mimReb
komisiebSi momuSaveTaTvis dRiuri sargos gadidebis Sesaxeb.
6. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa samoqalaqo
kanonTa krebulis me-10 tomisa, 1 naw. me-9-e mux. da sisxlis samarTlis
debulebis 1665 mux. gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
7. ganxilva dekretisa borCalo axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo
yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansazRvris Sesaxeb.
8. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa epidemiasTan
brZolaSi daRupul da Sromis unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa ojax­
ebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
9. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saxalxo skolis
maswavlebelTaTvis 5 wleul damatebis Sesaxeb.
10. SekiTxva soc.-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa _ Sinagan saqmeTa
da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT _ gaficvisaTvis qalaqis mosamsaxure­
Ta gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.
11. SekiTxva soc.-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa _ gzaTa ministri­
sadmi Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze saxazino qonebis datacebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. dRiuri wes-rigis Sesaxeb surs Tu ara vismes sit­
yva? msurveli aravin aris. dRiuri wes-rigi miRebuli gaxlavT.

528
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT:

saboloo teqsti xazinis Semosavlis gasaZiereblad


zogierT RonisZiebis miRebis kanonisa.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri b-ni arseniZe. (darbazSi wevri ar aR­


moCndeba).
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebli ar gaxlavT.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

saboloo teqsti saxazino rkinis gzebis


mosamsaxureTaTvis jamagiris momatebis kanonisa.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri q-ni soloRaSvilis asuli.


q-ni soloRaSvilis asuli moaxsenebs krebas saredaqcio komisiis
mier kanonSi Setanil cvlilebas.
kreba cvlilebebs adasturebs.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi:

saboloo teqsti moqalaqeobis kanonisa.

q-ni soloRaSvilis asuli moaxsenebs krebas komisiis mier Set­


anil cvlilebebs. kreba maT adasturebs.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi:

meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa respublikis rkinis


gzis kategoriebis gareSe myof agentebisaTvis
jamagirebis momatebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels ivane WavWaniZes.


momxsenebeli ivane WavWaniZe (kiTxulobs pirvel da meore muxls).
pirveli da meore muxli kenWis yriT miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs
ori winadadeba. pirveli: amoiSalos mesame muxlidan: „pirvel ivnis-
amde“, Caematos: „pirvel maisamde“. meore gaxlavT agreTve amav muxl­
Si „ricxvi 109.200 m. Seicvalos 87.360 maneTi“.
vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin ar aris.
momxseneblis daskvna.

529
momxsenebeli ivane WavWaniZe. damfuZnebel krebas ukve mieRo
erTi kanoni, romelic Seexeboda saerTo jamagirebis momatebas da
es saerTo momateba miRebulia pirvel maisidan. ase rom, marTalia
sabiujeto-safinanso komisias ar hqonia msjeloba da Tavisi daskv­
na ar gamoutania, magram, me mgonia, misi azric aseTi iqneboda da am
Sesworebas miiRebda da zedmet kredits erTi TvisTvis ar daadas­
turebda.
ase rom, am Sesworebas me viReb.
Tavmjdomare. diax! maSasadame Tqven momxre brZandebiT social-­
demokratiul fraqciis Sesworebis. kenWs vuyri, vin aris winaaRmde­
gi? aravin. miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi mesame muxlis Sesworebis?
aravin. miRebulia. vin aris winaaRmdegi mxolod kanon-proeqtisa?
kanon-proeqti miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi
sakiTxi gaxlavT: (kiTxulobs).

meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa miwebis mimReb komisiebSi


momuSaveTaTvis dRiuri xarjis gadidebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. me miviRe gancxadeba miwaT-moqmedebis ministris


amxanagisa, romelic Txoulobs, rom kanon-proeqti daubrundes am uw­
yebas, ase rom, es kanon-proeqti daubrundeba ukan. Semdegi:

meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa samoqalaqo krebulis


me-10-e tomis 1 naw. me-9-e muxlisa da sisxlis samarTlis
debulebis me-1665 muxl. gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels b-n maWavarians.


ioseb maWavariani. moaxsenebs krebas im cvlilebebs, romelic Se­
tanilia kanon-proeqtSi saredaqcio komisiis mier. cvlilebebs kreba
adasturebs.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxis ganxilva:

ganxilva dekretisa saerobo borCalo-axalqalaqis


mazrebSi saerobo yrilobaTa xmosnebis
ricxvis gansazRvris Sesaxeb.

momxsenebli gaxlavT krebis wevri ciskariSvili. (momxsenebeli


darbazSi ar aRmoCndeba). momxsenebeli ar gaxlavT.
Semdegi sakiTxi:

530
meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa epidemiasTan
brZolaSi daRupul da Sromis unar-dakargul
mosamsaxureTa ojaxebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs anjafariZes.


momxsenebeli. kiTxulobs kanon-proeqts (pirveli muxls).
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Semdegi
Sesworeba pirvel muxlSi (kiTxulobs): „yovel eqims, romelic gagzav­
nili iqneba mTavrobis mier epidemiasTan sabrZolvelad da Sromis un­
ars sruliad dahkargavs Tvisi movaleobis asrulebis gamo epidemi­
asTan brZolis dros an agreTve eqimTa ojaxobas, Tu ojaxis marCeneli
daiRupa, mieces erTdrouli daxmareba 15.000 maneTi“.
vis surs sityva am Sesworebis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris amxanags.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagi p. WiWinaZe.

damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno, me msurs saministros saxeliT gan­


vacxado ramdenime mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom Secvlili aris so­
cial-demokratiul fraqciis mier is kanon-proeqti, romelic aq war­
mogidgineT mTavrobis saxeliT.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom epidemiasTan brZola, sazogadod yvelgan,
da nametnavad CvenSi, sadac eqimebis ricxvi cota aris, metad gaZnele­
buli aris.
amas unda daurTod is garemoebac, rom es Savi saxadi kidev sxva
pirobebSi mimdinareobs da Tu sxva saxadis winaaRmdeg ase Tu ise aris
ukve gamogonili Srati, romelic SeiZleba SeiSxapunos kacma da amiTi
Tavi daicvas, am saxadis winaaRmdeg araviTari zoma ar aris miRebuli,
amitom vinc ebrZvis am sens da naxadi ar aris am avaTmyofobisa gansa­
kuTrebul cud da mZime pirobebSi aris Cayenebuli. sazogadod unda
vaRiarod, rom xuTi wlis Semdeg vinc xdeba avaT, ricxvi, raodeno­
ba, msxverpli am avadmyofobisa Zalian didia. rasakvirvelia, am mxriv
arc eqimebis sxva personals ar zogavs. ruseTSiac da CvenSic bevri
daiRupa da bevri Seiqmna amis msxverplad. Cven, rogorc mogexsene­
bad, iZulebuli viyaviT ZalaTi mogvexdina eqimebis mobilizacia da
gagvegzavna sabrZolvelad. magram imave dros, Cven kargaT vicodiT,
rom roca isini midiodnen am saqmeze, Cven vaZlevdiT imaT sityvas, rom
isini iqneboden uzrunvelyofilni, Tu vinicobaa Sromis unars dah­
kargavden, da Tu isini Seiqneboden msxverplad, am SemTxvevaSi _ maTi
ojaxebi. aseTi dapireba gvavalebda, rom is Cven gagvexorcielebina.
dRes vinc daiRupa, mxolod cotaodeni daxmareba mieciT maT ojax­
ebs, amitom ganviZraxeT Semogvetana iseTi kanon-proeqti, rom Tamamad

531
SegveZlo mogveTxova eqimebisTvis wasuliyvnen da ebrZolaT imaT am
senis winaaRmdeg.
Tqvens SesworebaSi me vxedav, rom cifra ganaxevrebuli aris,
30.000 magivrad miRebuli aris 15.000 maneTi, Cven viangariSeT ro­
gorc minimaluri es cifra; Tqven TiTon warmoidgineT amnairi an­
gariSi. vTqvaT, eqims eZleva 1500 man. TveSi, maSasadame is wliurad
Rebulobs 18.000 maneTs, da Tu miviRebT im zomas, romelic sazoga­
dod dazRvevis dros aris miRebuli, muSebs eZlevaT, Tu ara vcdebi,
aTi wlis raodenoba, maSasadame, es gamova 180.000 magram, rasakvir­
velia, Cven ase did cifras ver aviRebdiT da aviReT minimaluri ci­
fra da es cifra gaxlavT sworeT -1/6 imisa, rac misaRebia sxva Sem­
TxvevaSi.
magram am SesworebiT es cifra ukve Semcirebulia Zlier, amitom
Cven vfiqrobT, rom ufro samarTliani iqneba es minimaluri cifra
darCes, _ Cven gveZleva maSin saSualeba imaT movTxovoT, rom wavid­
nen. Cven gvaqvs gasamarTlebeli sabuTi, rom Tu vinicobaa isini daiR­
upnen, cotaodeni daxmareba mainc miecema imaT ojaxebs.
es erTi.
meore mosazreba is aris, rom dRes-dReobiT 15.000 maneTi ras
warmoadgens? 15.000 maneTi Zalian naklebi ram aris, nametnavad Tu mi­
viReT mxedvelobaSi maneTis dRevandel Rirebulobas da aseTi mcire­
di rames micema Cven migvaCnia uxerxulad da usamarTlod.
gansakuTrebuli Sroma sWiria eqims, gansakuTrebuli gawvrTna,
rom gamomuSavdes rigiani eqimi epidemiasTan sabrZolvelad, yvela
eqimi amisTvis ar gamodgeba. isini windawin grZnoben, rom msxverplad
ewirebian samSoblos, amitom Cven am garemoebas unda SevxedoT sxva­
nairad. Tu eqimebis Sesaxeb miviRebT Cven mxedvelobaSi aseT sabuTebs,
maSin TavisTavad cxadia, es gadava ferSlebze, sanitrebze da mowy­
alebis debze. amitom erTnairi sazomiT unda moveqceT, rogorc
muSebs, ise imaTac da ar unda iyvnen isini daCagrulni da amitom Ses­
worebis winaaRmdegi var.
sasurvelia, rom darCes igive zoma, igive jami, romelic aq iyo
warmodgenili. Tu Tqven amas miiRebT, Cven gveqneba saSualeba ufro
medgrad movTxovoT Tavis movaleobis Sesruleba. dRes-dReobiT es
eqimebi Zalian winaaRmdegi arian wasvlisa, amitom aris miRebuli iZu­
lebiTi zoma, es iZulebiTi zoma gavrcelebulia jer-jerobiT quTai­
sis guberniaSi da Cven iZulebuli viqnebiT gavavrceloT tfilisis
guberniaSi, miT umetes, rom mokle xanSi erTi epidemia kidev mogve­
lis _ xolera. SesaZlebelia sul veRar viSovoT eqimebi Tu aseTi pa­
tara sazomiT gauswordebiT imaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b-n TevzaZes.
s. TevzaZe (s.-d.). saministrosagan warmodgenil saerTo mosazre­
bas, rasakvirvelia, Cven viziarebT da samarTlianic aris, magram rac
Seexeba im cifris datovebas, romelic iyo saministros mier warmod­

532
genili, e. i. rom eqimebs erTdroul daxmarebad mieces 30.000 man. amis
winaaRmdegi varT da ai ratom:
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom es zoma Seexeba saxelmwifo saerTo zomas, e.
i. saxelmwifo sadac gagzavnis eqimebs, imaTze gavrceldeba es daxmare­
ba. magram es rom miviRoT Cven erT did arev-darevas da gaugebrobas
gamoiwvevs, me mets vityvi, SeiZleba avadmyofoba ufro gavrceldes,
imitom, rom bevri eqimebi daanebeben Tavs im alagebs, sadac praqtikaze
arian da sadac daxmarebas iReben. magaliTad, qalaqis TviTmarTvelo­
ba erTdroul daxmarebas aZlevs 15.000 maneTs. me mgonia dRes-dReo­
biT, rasakvirvelia, qalaqis TviTmarTveloba ar aris savaldebulo
saxelmwifosTvis, magram me darwmunebuli var es did arev-darevas da
did gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs, amitom am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda
Cveni fraqcia, roca Semohqonda aseTi Sesworeba, radganac miRebuli
aris aseTi sistema. es sistema SeiZleba erobebSiac aris miRebuli. ase­
Ti daxmareba rom SemoviRoT da gavadidoT es daxmareba, TavisTavad
cxadia, is eqimebi an unda gagveficnen da gviTxran 30.000 man. daxmareba
mogveciT an da unda daanebon Tavi samsaxurs da gadavidnen iq, sadac
ufro xelsayreli iqneba. am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda Cveni fraq­
cia, roca Semohqonda aseTi Sesworeba. me mgonia, damfuZnebeli kreba
amas miiRebs. Cveni winadadeba aris eqimebs mieces im zomis daxmareba,
ra zomiTac aZlevs qalaqis TviTmarTveloba daxmarebas _ 15.000 maneTs.
Semdeg aq aris kategoriebi. rasakvirvelia, Tu erTi Seicvala,
meorec unda Seicvalos. kategoriebi aq aris Semdegi. Cven gveqneba
gayofili mTeli nawili mosamsaxureebisa or kategoriaT. pirvelSi
Sedian eqimebi, meoreSi ferSlebi, mowyalebis debi, sanitrebi da me­
dezinfeqtorebi. pirvel kategorias miecema 15.000 m. im mosazrebiT,
romelzedac me mogaxsenebT. meore kategorias miecema 10.000 maneTi
erT-drouli daxmareba, me mgonia, es damakmayofilebeli iqneba, mi­
uxedavad imisa, rom fulis kursi daeca da sxva. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
es ufro samarTliani aris da ufro ar arev-darevs isedac areul-da­
reul zogierT nawilebs am dargisas. Cveni fraqcia amas icavs.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? msurveli ara­
vin ar aris. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli anjafariZe. komisiis saxeliT winaaRmdegi var Ses­
worebisa, romelic aq iyo Setanili social-demokratiul fraqciis
mier.
mTavari mosazreba is aris, rom aseTi daxmareba aqvs miRebuli qa­
laqis TviTmarTvelobas da saxelmwifom rom es daxmareba gaadidos,
am SemTxvevaSi qalaqis TviTmarTvelobac iZulebuli iqneba, rom aseve
moiqces. me mgonia, es mosazreba marTali ar aris. me mgonia saxelmwifo
Tavis dReSi ar miiRebs saxelmZRvanelod im dadgenilebas, romelic
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobas aqvs miRebuli. miT umetes, rom epidemiasT­
an brZola, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi mis sivrces, exla gadadis um­
Tavresad saxelmwifos xelSi.

533
mTavrobis warmomadgenelma aq mogaxsenaT, Tu ra pirobebSi xdeba
es brZola, Tu ra pirobebSi xdeba daqiraveba Statebisa. me mgonia, Tu
ki Cven daqiravebul pirebs cotaodeni garantia ar miveciT imis, rom
Tu gardaicvlebian, maTi ojaxebi ar darCebian ulukma-purod, _ Cven
amiT saqmes gavafuWebT. me darwmunebuli var, qalaqis TviTmarTvelo­
ba iZulebuli Seiqmneba, rom es Tavisi dadgenileba gamoscvalos. es
aSkaraa CemTvis, kidevac rom miviRoT Cven is daxmareba, romelic qa­
laqma miiRo. magram qalaqisTvis Tavis dadgenilebis gamocvla ufro
advili aris, imitom rom SedarebiT ufro martivi aparati aqvs,
saxelmwifos ki ufro rTuli aparati aqvs.
amitom, vambob, rom es cota ar iyos CvenTvis xelsayreli ar aris
da samarTlianoba moiTxovs rom davtovoT 30.000 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre im Sesworebisa, rom 30.000 maneTis
magier iyos 15.000 maneTi? vin aris winaaRmdegi? umciresoba. (winaaRm­
deg xmebi misces soc. rev. soc. federalist. da nacional demokrateb­
ma) Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad muxlisa? pirveli muxli miRebuli
gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxlSi social-demokratiul fraqcias Se­
moaqvs Semdegi winadadeba: „20.000 maneTi Seicvalos 10.000 maneTiT“.
vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. rac Seexeba daxmarebis SemoRebas, rasakvirvelia,
winaaRmdegi var im mosazrebiT, romelic me gamovTqvi pirvel muxlis
Sesaxeb. magram aq erTi Sesworeba aris Setanili. Tqven iciT kargaT,
rom mTavrobam sam kategoriaT dahyo personali, romelsac daxmareba
sWiria. social-demokratiul fraqciis azriT saWiro aris sami kate­
goriis magivrad ori kategoria. da ai sworeT social-demokratiul
fraqcia ferSlebs uTanasworebs sanitrebs. me ar var imis winaaRm­
degi, rom specialuri medezinfeqtorebi gadavitanoT mesame kate­
goriaSi, magram gaTanasworeba ferSlebisa da sanitrebisa es, Cemis
azriT, yovlad SeuZlebelia, radganac ubralo muSaobis da avakaci­
ur muSaobis Soris unda iyos raime gansxvaveba. ai, am mosazrebiT me
winaaRmdegi var Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi im Sesworebebis, romelic
Semoitana s.-demokratiulma fraqciam? (Sesworebani soc.-demokra­
tiuli xmebiT miRebulia) Sesworebani miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq aris Sesworeba, rom amoiSalos sruliad mesame
muxli. vis surs sityva amis Sesaxeb? msurveli aravin aris. momxseneb­
lis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa im mosazrebiT,
romelic me mogaxseneT.

534
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom amoiSalos mesame muxli?
(winaaRmdegni arian soc.-rev. soc.-fed. er.-demokr.)
muxli amoSlili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeq­
ti mTlianad miRebuli iyos? (winaaRmdegni arian soc-rev. soc.-fed.
da er.-dem.).
kanon-proeqti miRebuli gaxlavT da gadaecema saredaqcio komi­
sias.
Semdegi sakiTxi:

dekreti borCalo-axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo


yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansazRvrisa.

sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ciskariSvils.


momxsenebeli ciskariSvili. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! adgilo­
briv mmarTvelobis da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis saxeliT pativi ma­
qvs mogaxsenoT proeqti dekretisa Semdegi saTauriT: borCalos da
axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansaz-
Rvrisa.
es proeqti warmodgenilia komisiaSi mTavrobis mier, da komisia
iziarebs da adasturebs im mosazrebebs, romelsac mTavroba emyare­
boda.
am dekretis saWiroeba gamoiwvia im garemoebam, rom droebiTi
saerobo debulebaSi, romelic damokidebulia amier-kavkasiis komis­
ariatis mier, sruliad araferi aris naTqvami am or mazris Sesaxeb.
mizezi amisa gaxlavT is, rom, rodesac es debuleba muSavdeboda (es
gaxldaT, rogorc mogexsenebaT, 1918 wlis ianvris 25-s) swored maSin
ar iyo gamorkveuli da gadaWrili bedi da mdgomareoba am or mazrisa,
borCalosi da axalqalaqisa. kargad mogexsenebaT, rom wina wels, 1917
w. dekembris damlevs Sesdga egred wodebuli, interpartiuli da in­
ter-erovnuli komisia. magram komisiam Tavisi muSaoba ver daamTavra.
ukanaskneli sxdomebi misi dekembris 8-sa, 12-s, 18-s da 23-s ar Sesdga
da muSaoba darCa daumTavrebeli. dRes Tqven iciT, ra mdgomareoba­
Sia am mazrebis saqme. somxeT da saqarTvelos oms Sedegad moyva is,
rom borCalos mazris erTi nawili aris faqtiurad saqarTvelos res­
publikis sazRvarSi da ori nawili am mazrisa aris inglisis gavlenis
qveS, e. i. sadavo zonaSi. axalqalaqis mazraSi ki bolo dros iseTi
mdgomareoba Seiqna, rom faqtiurad Cven sazRvrebSi mazra mTli­
anad Semodis. dRes saWiroa eroba SemoviRoT am or mazraSi. ratom
aris es saWiro yvelas kargaT mogexsenebaT da sruliad zedmeti aris
amaze laparaki. mxolod saWiro aris gamovarkvioT ra ricxvi xmos­
nebisa unda eyolos erT mazras da meore mazras, radganac saerobo
debulebis 51 muxlis damatebiT gansazRvruli aris yovel mazrisT­

535
vis saTanado ricxvi xmosnebisa. am mazrebisTvis, maSasadame, saWiro
aris gamorkveva ramdeni xmosani unda yavdes borCalos mazras da ram­
deni unda yavdes axalqalaqis mazras. dRes borCalos yofil mazri­
dan Semodis saqarTvelos teritoriaSi sami nawili. es gaxlavT TviT
borCalos raioni, TrialeTis raioni da ekaterinenfeldis raioni.
sul mcxovrebTa ricxvi am sam raionSi Seadgens 111,862 kacs. bor­
Calos raionze aqedan modis 28,840 kaci, ekaterinenfeldis raionze _
28,562 kaci da TrialeTis raionze _ 54,460 kaci. xmosanTa rodenobis
gamorkvevis dros, mTavroba, saerobo debulebis Sedgenis dros, xe­
lmZRvanelobda Semdegi sistemiT: saerTod iyo aRebuli sami cifra:
minimumi, saSualo da maqsimumi. minimaluri gaxlavT 25, saSualo 35,
maqsimaluri 45. mazris xmosanTa ricxvis gansazRvris dros, saWiro
aris Semdegi wesi miviRoT: unda aviRoT mTeli guberniis teritoria,
da gamovarkvioT (viciT, rasakvirvelia), ramden mazras Seicavs gu­
bernia. Semdeg saSualo cifri unda gavamravloT mazris raodenobis
cifrze. magaliTad: aviRoT Tbilisis gubernia: Sedgeba 9 mazrisagan,
saSualo cifiri gaxlavT 35, 35 rom gavamravloT 9 jer, miviRebT 315.
es aris im xmosnebis ricxvi, romelic modis mTel Tbilisis guberni­
aze. Semdeg Cven unda gamoviangariSoT metri, saarCevno metri. ami­
tom saWiroa mTeli guberniis mcxovrebTa raodenoba gavyoT 315-ze,
rom gavigoT TviT xmosans ramdeni mcxovrebi agzavnis. mTel Tbili­
sis guberniaSi scxovrobs 1.126,542 kaci (garda qalaq Tbilisisa). es
ricxvi unda gavyoT 315-ze da miviRebT 3576 kacs; ai es cifiri gax­
lavT saarCevno metri. sxvaTa Soris aq aRebulia amomrCeveli ki ara,
aramed mcxovrebi. magram es garemoebas ar scvlis. proporcia rCeba
igive. saarCevno metri, rom aviRoT, da masze gavyoT yoveli mazris
mcxovreblebis raodenoba, miviRebT im cifrs, romelsac veZebT.
rogorc mogaxseneT weRan, borCalos mazris udavo raionebSi
scxovrobs 111.862 k. Cven es cifiri rom gavyoT 35-ze miviRebT bor­
Calos mazrisTvis xmosnebs. maSasadame, borCalos mazras unda hyavdes
saerobo krebulis xmosnebis ricxvi _ 31 xm.
amave rigad unda moviqceT, roca axalqalaqis mazris xmosnebis
ricxvis gamorkveva dagvWirdeba; axalqalaqis mazraSi mcxovreblebis
ricxvi, im cnobebis mixedviT, romelic dRes mogvepoveba, Seadgens
106.307 suls; rom gavyoT 35-ze, miviRebT 29 xmosans. amitom aris rom
borCalos mazraSi unda iyos 31 xmosani, axalqalaqis mazraSi 29 xmo­
sani. mTavroba Semovida TviTmmarTvelobis komisiaSi am winadadebiT
da sTxovs damfuZnebel krebas daamtkicos Semdegi dekreti (kiTxu­
lobs): proeqti dekretisa borCalos mazraSi...
Tavmjdomare. ukacraod. es zogad msjelobis Semdeg. vis surs si­
tyva? aravis. gadavdivarT muxlobriv ganxilvaze. gTxovT waikiTxoT
pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls. kenWis yriT muxli miRe­
bulia).

536
momxsenebeli (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxlSi gaxlavT Semotanili social-demokra­
tiul fraqciis winadadeba. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs WiabriSvils.
andria WiabriSvili. im cifirebis Tanaxmad, romlebic aq momxsen­
ebelma gagvacno, TiTo arCeulze amomrCeveli aris 3576 kaci. radga­
nac qalaqebic Sedian saerobo organizaciebSi da maTac unda hyavdeT
TavianTi warmomadgenlebi da axalqalaqSi ki scxovrobs daaxlovebiT
6526 kaci, amitom maT mouwevT 2 warmomadgeneli, da saWiro aris Cveni
fraqciis azriT, rom ueWvelad iyos es garemoeba naxsenebi, rom axal­
cixis mazraSi mcxovreblebma airCion 2 warmomadgeneli am erobaSi.
ai am mosazrebiT aris Semotanili es Sesworeba.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli sxva aravin aris. momxsenebelis
azri.
momxsenebeli ciskaraSvili. es Sesworeba, rasakvirvelia, saWiro
aris da mxolod SemTxveviT iyo gamoSvebuli im dekretidan, romelic
warmodgenilia.
saqme imaSi aris, saerobo debulebis me-131 muxlSi gansazRvru­
li gaxlavT, rom xmosnebi unda iyvnen mazridan calke da qalaqidan
calke. roca komisia ixilavda am dekrets, gulisxmobda, rom swored
ase daiyofoda: rom qalaqs ergeboda amdeni da mazras kidev amdeni.
saerobo debulebaSi es aris gansazRvruli da amitom SeiZleba mi­
viRoT.
radganac axalqalaqSi swored imdeni mcxovrebia, rogorc mogax­
senaT WiabriSvilma, da TiTo amorCeulisaTvis saWiroa 3576 kacis xma
_ axalqalaqs ergeba ori kaci.
amitom Sesworeba misaRebia.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi Sesworebisa? winaaRmdegi ar­
avin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi meore muxlis SesworebiT? miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. mesame muxli miRebulia. proeqti mTlad miRebulia
da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi:

zogadi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxalxo skolis


maswavlebelTaTvis xuT wleuls damatebis dawesebis Sesaxeb.

momxseneblebi gaxlavan krebis wevri WavWaniZe da SaraSiZis asuli.


sityva ekuTvnis pirvel momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno!
yvelas kargad mogexsenebaT saxalxo skolis maswavlebelTa
nivTieri mdgomareoba. rogorc winaT, ise exlac saxalxo skolis mas­
wavleblis nivTieri mdgomareoba, SedarebiT sxva dargis mosamsaxu­
reebTan Zalian mZimea. Cven erT-erT ukanaknel sxdomaze miviReT axali

537
kanoni, romlis ZaliT, arakvalificiur mosamsaxures, romelsac, Sesa­
Zlebelia wera-kiTxvac ki ar icodes, eniSneba 600 maneTi Tviurad, sof­
lis maswavleblebis ZiriTadi jamagiri ki, amave dros aris 400 maneTi.
iciT, agreTve, Tu ra did da metad samZimo movaleobas eweva sax­
alxo soflis maswavlebeli da ra cud pirobebSi uxdeba asruleba Ta­
vis mZime da did movaleobisa. TiTqmis yvela Tqvengans uswavlia sof­
lis skolaSi da kargad gecnobebaT is suraTi, romelsac warmoadgens
saxalxo skola. binebic ki, sadac mecadineoba warmoebs, metad sam­
wuxaro suraTs warmoadgens: xSirad pirdaRebul kedlebSi zamTris
susxiani qari, TavisuflaT danavardobs da maswavlebeli, nabadSi
gaxveuli, an gaxunebul paltoSi, zis da Tavis movaleobas pirnaTlad
asrulebs. miuxedavaT am mZime mdgomareobisa saxalxo skolis maswav­
lebeli moTminebiT itans am Tavis gaWirvebas, da mis ukmayofilo xmas
iSviaTad gaigonebs adamiani.
ruseTSi saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi skolebis maswav­
leblebisaTvis SemoRebuli iyo xuT wleulebi xangrZlivi samsaxuri­
saTvis, xolo saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi ki, gamotovebuli iyvnen
da maTTvis ar iyo xuT wleuliani jildo. yoveli xuTi wlis samsax­
urisTvis iyo dawesebuli xuT wleuli. magaliTad, saSualo skolis
maswavlebeli, Tu is 5 w. imsaxurebda, miiRebda xuT wleul damate­
bas; Semdegi xuTi wlis samsaxurisaTvis miiRebda meore xuT wleuls,
Semdeg mesamisa da meoTxes. ise rom, ruseTSi winaT oTxi xuTwleuli
damateba iyo. saqarTveloSi pirveli xuTwleuli maswavleblebs sam­
saxuris dawyebisTanave eZleodaT. ase iyo imisTvis, rom amier kavkasia
privilegiur mxareT iTvleboda. moxelis ruseTidan amier-kavkasiaSi
da zogi sxva ganapira qveynebSi gagzavna sasjelad iTvleboda. da rom
es „sasjeli“ gamoesyidnaT, pirvel xuT wleuls Tavidanve aZlevdnen.
eg kanoni ar vrceldeba saxalxo skolis maswavleblebze, maTTvis ar
iyo SemoRebuli xuTwleuli damatebebi; ruseTis biurokratias saW­
irod ar miaCnda saxalxo skolis maswavleblis Sromis dafaseba da
waxaliseba. demokratiul saqarTveloSi ar SeiZleba gavimeoroT is,
rac maSin xdeboda.
am mosazrebiT Cvenma saxalxo ganaTlebis saministrom, rom es us­
amarTloba iyos gamosworebuli, Semoitana kanon-proeqti, romliTac
saxalxo skolis maswavlebelT unda daeniSnoT xuTwleuli damate­
bebi. pirveli xuTwleuli daeniSnebaT dRidan samsaxuris dawyebisa
ise, rogorc saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi skolebis maswav­
leblebs. marTalia xuTwleulis odenoba mcirea _ saministros wina­
dadebiT da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis dadasturebiT TviTveu­
li xuTwleuli damateba 240 maneTiT ganisazRvreba, _ magram Cvenis
azriT marto xuTwleulebiT ar SeiZleba sax. skolis maswavleblis
nivTieri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba. amisTvis saWiroa sxva zomebi _
ZiriTadi jamagiris gadideba da sxva. xolo xuTwleuli erTgvar da­
jildoebas Seadgens imisTvis, visac umsaxuria mTeli rigi wlebisa.

538
sabiujeto-safinanso komisia samarTlianad sTvlis saxalxo ga­
naTlebis saministros winadadebas, rom, rogorc saSualo da umaRles
pirvel dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblebisTvis, ise saxalxo skolis
maswavleblebisTvisac dawesdes xuTwleuli damateba. sul, saminis­
tros cnobebiT, Cven gvyvavs 2905 saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli. maTem­
atikuri sisworiT gamoangariSeba im Tanxisa, romlis gaReba iqneba
saWiro respublikis xazinidan im damatebis gansaxorcieleblad,
romlebzedac mogaxseneT, aq SeuZlebelia, radgan eg Tanxa ueWvelad
meryevi iqneba. daaxlovebiT navaraudevia yovel wliurad 1,045,800
maneTi. saerTod ki yovel wlisaTvis calke unda iqnes gamoangariSe­
buli xuTwleulebis mier gamowveul xarjebis dasafaravi Tanxa da
saerTo xarjT-aRricxvis wesiT gaRebuli. sabiujeto-safinanso komi­
sias winadadeba Semoaqvs es kanon-proeqti miRebul iqmnes da Sevides
ZalaSi 1919 wlis 1 ianvridan.
Tavmjdomare. meore momxsenebeli SaraSiZis asuli.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia ar iz­
iarebs im azrs, romelic miiRo sabiujeto da safinanso komisiam sax­
alxo maswavleblebisaTvis 5-wleul damatebis dawesebis Sesaxeb. sax­
alxo ganaTlebis komisias ufro samarTlianad miaCnia dawesdes ara
250 maneTi, aramed 400 maneTi da ai, ra mosazrebiT. sabiujeto da sa­
finanso komisias ZiriTad jamagirad miaCnia is jamagiri, romelsac
iRebda maswavlebeli 50 proc. damatebamde. magram Cven viciT, rom
sxva dawesebulebebSi ZiriTad jamagirad iTvleba is jamagiri, ro­
melic Sesdga mas aqeT, rac es 50 proc. damateba gatarda. Tu ZiriTad
jamagirad CavTvliT 600 maneTs Tviur jamagirs, romelsac miiReben am
damatebis gatarebis ZaliT saxalxo maswavleblebi, maSin raodenoba
5-wleul damatebisa amis mixedviT, unda gadidebul iqnes: Tu aviRebT
5 proc., rogorc dawesebulia 5 w. damateba saSualo da pirvel-daw­
yebiT umaRles saswavleblebisTvis, maSin saxalxo skolis maswavle­
belma unda miiRos Tviurad ara 240 man. rogorc daadgina sabiujeto
komisiam, aramed 360 maneTi. saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiam, romlis azr­
sac am SemTxvevaSi albad saxalxo ganaTlebis saministroc gaiziarebs
da daeTanxmeba, saWirod dainaxavs, rom es Tanxa gamrgvalebuli iyos,
da sasurvelad miiCnia dawesdes nacvlad 240 m. 400 maneTi 5-wleuli
damateba saxalxo maswavleblebisTvis.
safinanso komisiam aRniSna, rom is pativs scems saxalxo skolis
maswavleblebs im mZime movaleobis SesrulebisTvis, romelic mas
kisrad awevs marTlac mZime saxalxo skolis maswavleblis tvirTi.
mgoni ar aris arc erTi dawesebuleba, arc erTi dargi cxorebisa, sa­
dac aseT pirobebSi uxdebodeT mosamsaxureebs muSaoba, rogorc sax­
alxo maswavlebels. Tu isini udrtvinvelad itandnen dRemdis am md­
gomareobas, Tu imaTi xma ase naklebad ismoda, me mgonia es garemoeba
gvavalebs metis yuradRebiT movepyraT imaT da gansakuTrebuli pa­
tiviscemiT aRvniSnoT es Cveni yuradReba saxalxo maswavleblisad­

539
mi. dRes Tu ara _ xval gatarebuli iqneba sayovelTavo ganaTlebis
proeqti CvenSi da saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli bevri dagvWirdeba.
Cven viciT, rom dRes am asparezs gaurbodnen uniWieresi, da ufro
meti unariT dajildovebuli pirebi. gaurbodnen am saqmes imitom,
rom nivTieri mdgomareoba maswavleblebisa metis metaT Seviwroe­
bulia. aseT mdgomareobaSi kulturuli cxovrebac ki SeuZlebeli
iyo. aviRoT Tu gnebavT is 5 wleulebi, romlebsac vawesebT Cven sof­
lis maswavleblebisTvis. aq aRniSnes, rom jer kidev ruseTis mflo­
belobis dros arsebobda iseTi 5 wleulebi, im drosac iyo Segneba
rom tvirTi saxalxo maswavleblisa gansakuTrebiT mZimea, rom es
saqme moiTxovs mis aRmsruleblisagan gansakuTrebiT did ZalRones.
amitom iyo, rom maswavleblisTvis dawesebuli iyo es 5 weli. am xuT­
wleuli damatebiT Cven gvinda saxalxo skolis maswavlebeli wavax­
alisoT. gvinda movizidoT am asparezze saukeTeso Zalebi da SevqnaT
namdvili saxalxo skola, da ara imis aCrdili da landi, rogorc
dRemdis iyo, magram am damatebiT, romelic gansazRvrulia safinan­
so komisiis mier, saxalxo maswavlebeli me mgonia erT gazeTsac ver
iyidis dReSi, rom gaigos ra xdeba qveyanaze. metis metad mcirea es
damateba, da srulebiT samarTliani iqneba, rom Cven davawesoT 400
maneTi nacvlaT 240 maneTisa. safinanso komisiis warmomadgeneli am­
bobs, rom 5 wleulebis raodenobis gansazRvris sakiTxi ar unda dau­
kavSiros dRevandel siZvires, rom ar unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi is
pirobebi, romelnic dRes suls gvixuTaven, vinaidgan es 5 wleule­
bi wesdeba ara sami an ori wliT, aramed ufro xangrZliv droisaT­
vis. amasTanave dasZens, rom dRevandel pirobebis Sesamsubuqeblad
saxelmwifom sxva gvar damatebiT unda uSvelos maswavlebelTo. ma­
gram Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom es „sxvagvari damateba“ jer-jero­
biT maswavleblebisTvis ar aris. Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom isic ki,
rac iyo kanonmdeblobiTi gziT gatarebuli maswavleblebis Sesaxeb,
isic ar miuRiaT maswavlebelT. da rom isini xmas ar iReben, es ar
niSnavs imas, rom isini kmayofilni arian. Cven ar vaZlevT maT ara­
viTar SeRavaTs sxvagvar damatebis saxiT da am xuT-wleul damate­
basac metis-metad vukvecavT. me mgonia, rom am 5-wleul damatebas
didi zneobrivi mniSvnelobac eqneba. es, rogorc aRvniSne kidevac,
waaxalisebs maswavlebelT. garda amisa xalxis TvalSiac meti pativ­
iscema eqnebaT imaT, visac saxelmwifo ufro Rirseulad daafasebs.
da Tu Cven, kanonmdeblobiTi dawesebuleba, ver movepyrobiT mas­
wavlebels jerovanad, isini damcirdebian TavianT TvalSiac da im
xalxis TvalSiac, romlis Svilebis aRmzrdelaT mowodebulni ari­
an. amitom, saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia Suamdgomlobs, rom saxalxo
maswavleblebisaTvis dawesdes xuT-wleuli ara 240, aramed 400 mane­
Ti. danarCenSi saxalxo ganaTlebis komisia iziarebs safinanso komi­
siis azrs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs lasxiSvils.

540
giorgi lasxiSvili (s.-f.). moqalaqeno! am kaTedridan, rasakvir­
velia zedmeti aris laparaki saxalxo skolis mniSvnelobaze da sax­
alxo maswavleblebis daniSnulebaze.
Cvens respublikaSi SeiZleba ar iyo udidesi da uwmindaesi saqme,
vidre saxalxo ganaTlebis gavrceleba. Cven amas kargad vgrZnobT da
amisTvis saministroSi muSavdeba didi proeqti, sayovelTao saxalxo
swavla-ganaTlebis SemoRebisTvis. amisTana didi saqmisTvis didi mza­
deba aris saWiro.
unda vsTqvaT, rom dRes saxalxo skolis mdgomareoba moSlil­
ia da daqsaqsuli. saqme imaSia, rom is jamagiri, romelic hqondaT
saxalxo maswavleblebs, iseTi mcire iyo, iseT unugeSo mdgomareo­
baSi Caayena saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi, rom bevri kargi maswav­
lebeli CamoSorda sofels, wavida da sxva saqmes eweva. exla aseTi
saqme bevri aris. Cven rom axali skolis gaxsna gvindoda, imisTvis
dabrkoleba iyo imaSi, rom saxalxo maswavlebels versad vSoulob­
diT. axla did reformis gatarebisTvis aucileblad saWiro iqneba
didi kadri maswavleblebisa da kargi maswavleblebi, gaqceulebi
unda davabrunoT, movizidoT sofelSi. da axali kadris SeqmnisTvis
saWiro aris ekstraordinaluri zoma, saSualeba. me vfiqrob, rom es
saSualeba aris swored is damateba, romelic ar hqondaT winad sax­
alxo maswavleblebs.
magram me vfiqrob, rom 5-wleuli damateba ar aris is ekstraor­
dinaluri da mizanSewonili zoma, romelic did saqmisaTvis saWiro
aris, da rodesac Cven gvqonda winad saministroSi muSaoba, bevri
mowveuli pirebi im azrisa iyvnen, rom CvenTvis exla, am momentSi,
am saqmis gamosworebisTvis, saWiro aris sxva zomebs mivmarToT, _
davawesoT ara xuTwleuli, aramed 3-wleuli damateba. es damatebe­
bi, sam-wleuli da zogan or-wleulic, arsebobs zogierT demokrati­
ul qveynebSi. Tu sam-wliani damatebis wesi miRebuli iqneba, SeiZleba
sTqvan, rom es sxvagvari wesi aris, radgan saSualo saswavleblebSi
5-wleulebi aris, aq ki erTgvari gamoyofa iqneba, erTgvari priv­
ilegia Seiqneba saxalxo skolisTvis. amis pasuxad unda iTqvas, rom
saxalxo skolas dRes ar awyens aseTi privilegia. Tu ara da ratom
ar SeiZleba saSualo skolis maswavleblebisTvisac dawesdes sam-
wliani damateba? yovel SemTxvevaSi Tu raime mosazrebiT 3-wliani
damateba ar iqneba miRebuli, _ maSin rasakvirvelia, Cven mxari unda
davuWiroT im Sesworebas, romelic gamosTqva saxalxo ganaTlebis
komisiam. aq meti emateba. magram me ki vfiqrob, rom es saqme ukeTesad
gadawydes im droSi, romelSiac Cven vcxovrobT, _ umjobesi iqneba
3-wleulis damatebis SemoReba. da Tu amas gaiziarebT, moviTxov, rom
es kanon-proeqti daubrundes isev saskolo komisias. man ganixilos
orive SesaZlebloba: an sam-wliani damateba, an momatebis jamis ga­
dideba da amnairad gadamuSavebuli proeqti warmoadginos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

541
ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! me unda mogaxsenoT safinanso sabiu­
jeto komisiis azri amis Sesaxeb. es sakiTxi irCeoda safinanso sabiu­
jeto komisiaSi, da iqac iyo winadadeba ganaTlebis komisiisa, rom
dawesebuli yofiliyo ara 240 man. xuTwleuli damateba, aramed 400
maneTiani. damfuZnebel krebis wevrma SaraSiZem aRniSna, rom aq erT­
gvari procentiuli norma aris aRebuli. saSualos da umaRles pir­
vel dawyebiTi skolebis maswavleblebisTvis xuTwleuli damatebaT
naangariSevia 5 proc. ZiriTad jamagirisa; swored aseTive wesi iyo
gamoangariSebuli saxalxo skolebis maswavlebelTaTvisac xuTwleu­
li damateba. magram aq meore kiTxva iyo aRZruli ganaTlebis komisiis
momxseneblis mier. es is, rom sabiujeto safinanso komisiam ZiriTad
jamagirad CaTvala 400 maneTi, ese igi winandeli jamagiri. am ukanask­
nelaT Cven eg ZiriTadi jamagiri gavadideT 50%-iT, e. i. 600 maneTad
gavxadeT. q-ni SaraSiZe moiTxovs, rom eg ukanaskneli 600 m. iqnes miRe­
buli ZiriTad jamagiraT. am cifris 5% Seadgens 360 man., xolo ganaT­
lebis komisia ki 400 maneTian xuTwleulebis SemoRebas moiTxovs.
magram, Cven rom am gzas davadgeT da ZiriTad jamagirad CavT­
valoT 50%-iT gadidebuli jamagirebi, maSin amisdamixedviT unda
xuTwleuli damatebebi saSualo da umaRles pirvel dawyebiTi
skolebis maswavleblebsac, ese igi unda SevcvaloT is kanon-proeq­
ti, romelic sul ramdenime xnis winaT iqmna miRebuli Cvens mier. me
mogaxseneT Cem moxsenebaSi, rom SeuZlebelia vebrZoloT dRevandel
soflis maswavleblebis autanel nivTier mdgomareobas xuTwleuli
damatebiT. Tu ki Cven vgrZnobT, rom imdenad mZime da autanelia sax.
skolis maswavleblis nivTieri mdgomareoba, rom arsebul jamagire­
biT maT ar SeuZlianT cxovreba, ratom ar SeiZleba SemoviRoT siZ­
viris mier gamowveuli damateba? xolo xuTwleulebis siZviresTan
dakavSireba ar iqneba mizanSewonili, radgan xuTwleulebis kanoni
iwereba ara marto siZviris droisaTvis; misi moqmedeba gacilebiT
ufro xangrZlivi iqneba, vinem siZvire. me eWvi ar mepareba damf. kre­
bis wevris amx. SaraSiZis gancxadebaSi, rom ganaTlebis saministroc
ar aris momxre xuTwleulebis 400 maneTamde gadidebis, magram ganaT­
lebis saministro warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi 240 maneTiani xuT­
wleulebis SemoRebis winadadebas iZleva da ara 400 maneTianis. Cven
ar SegviZlia vixelmZRvaneloT zepiri gancxadebiT, rodesac Cven
xelT aris werilobiTi sabuTi.
rac Seexeba damfuZnebel krebis wevris moqalaqe lasxiSvilis
winadadebas, rom SemoRebul iqnes ara xuT wleuli damateba, aramed
sam wleuli, amis Sesaxeb Semdegi unda mogaxsenoT: im masalebidan, ro­
melic Tan axlda am kanon-proeqts, sCans, rom winaT yofila laparaki
sam wleul damatebaze. magram amis winaaRmdeg wasulan saxelmwifo
kontroliori da finansTa ministric; erTic da meorec emxrobian xuT
wleul damatebas da ara sam wleuls. mosazreba maTi ufro formalu­
ri xasiaTisaa, _ es gulaxdilad unda vaRiaro. maTis ganmartebiT sam

542
wleuli damateba arsad ar arsebobs, da risTvis mainc da mainc Cven
unda SemoviRoTo. principialurad me ar var winaaRmdegi sam wleul
damatebis SemoRebisa, magram praqtikulaT misi ganxorcieleba did
uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs: saxeldobr, Tu saxalxo skolebis maswavle­
belTaTvis SemoviRebT sam wleul damatebas, maSin saSualo da uma­
Rles pirvel dawyebiTi skolis maswavleblebisTvis unda SemoviRoT
sam wliuri damateba, nacvlad xuT wleulisa, es ki niSnavs arsebul
sistemis gardaqmnas, rac did drosa da Sromas moiTxovs. aman SeiZle­
ba arev-darevac Seitanos. SeiZleba amiTac xelmZRvanelobden finans­
Ta ministri da saxelmwifo kontroliori, romelnic ar eTanxmebian
sam wleul damatebas da icavden xuT wleuls. amis garda im miznis mis­
aRwevad, romelic damfuZnebel krebis wevrma lasxiSvilma dagvixa­
ta, verc sam wleuli damateba iqneba sakmarisi, moqal. lasxiSvilis
azriT. saxalxo skolis maswavleblebi, Tu maT sam wleul damatebebs
dauwesebT, pedagogiur moRvaweobas ar gaeqcevian da sxva ufro did
jamagirebiani adgilebis Zebnas ar dauwyeben; am nairaT Cven skolaSi
SerCeba gamocdili da saqmis kargaT mcodne maswavleblebi. me mgonia,
rom Cven am zomiT verc gaqceuls davabrunebT, verc gaqcevis msur­
velT davikavebT.
Cemis azriT amisTvis saWiro aris ufro radikaluri zoma: gadide­
ba ZiriTad jamagirisa. me vfiqrob amas saTanado yuradRebas miaqcevs
ganaTlebis saministro da Sesafer kanon-proeqts Tavis droze Semoi­
tans. rogorc mogexsenebaT am mokle droSi unda SemoviRoT sayovel­
Tao ufaso swavleba, amas dasWirdeba didi ricxvi maswavleblebisa,
rom maswavlebelTa sakmao ricxvi gveyolos, saWiroa iseTi ZiriTa­
di jamagiris daweseba, romelic uzrunvelyofda maswavlebels. rac
unda Zlieri hqondes kacs pedagogiuri mowodeba, igi maswavleblo­
bas mainc ar irCevs, Tu eg mas simSils da mudam gaWirvebul nivTier
mdgomareobas uqadis. yvela zemo moyvanil mosazrebebis gamo me wi­
naaRmdegi var SevscvaloT ukve arsebuli sistema xuT wleulebisa sam
wleulebis axali sistemaze. me vicav sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis
dadgenilebas: dawesdes xuT wleuli damatebebi; TviTeuli damateba
ganisazRvros 240 maneTiT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebls SaraSiZis asuls.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. (s.-d.) sruliad samarTlianad aRniS­
navs b-ni WavWaniZe, rom sakmarisi ar aris xuTiwliuris raodenobaSi
gadideba saxalxo maswavleblebis mdgomareobis ZiriTad gaumjobe­
sobisaTvis. magram, rac unda iyos, me mgoni cotaodenad mainc ukeTesi
iqneba mdgomareoba am maswavleblebisa Tu nacvlad 240 maneTisa isini
miiReben 400 man. xuTiwleul damatebaT. marTalia, dRevandel siZ­
vireSi amas TiTqmis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, magram 400 man.
TiTqmis orjel metia 240 maneTze. b. WavWaniZis am sabuTiT Cven Segve­
Zlo gveTqva rom 240 maneTs ara aqvs mniSvneloba da sruliad zedme­
tia, xuTi wleul damatebis SemoReba saxalxo maswavleblebisaTvis.

543
rac Seexeba xuT procentul momatebas, roca saskolo komisiam
daadgina 400 maneTi nacvlad 240 man. maSin sxvaTa Soris es principi
5% damatebisa uaryofil iqna, xuTi procenti metis metad cvalebadi
ricxvi gamova dRevandel mdgomareobaSi. dRes rom ZiriTadi jamagi­
ri aris 400 maneTi Tviurad, xval SeiZleba 600 gaxdes, an kidev metad
gaizardos. maSin Cven unda SevcvaloT raodenoba xuTwleulisa. Tu
sasurvelia, rom xuTwleuli damateba ufro xangrZlivi droisTvis
iyos dawesebuli, maSin unda aviRoT ara procenti, aramed unda ga­
davwyvitoT da ganvsazRvroT, rom xuTwleuli damateba unda iyos
amdeni da amdeni maneTi. maSin ufro xangrZlivi xasiaTi SeiZleba
hqondes am damatebas. rac Seexeba imas, rom sayovelTao ganaTlebis
SemoRebisaTvis saWiro zomebi iqneba miRebuli momavalSi da maswav­
leblis mdgomareoba gaumjobesdeba, aseTi gadaWra sakiTxisa didi
usamarTloba iqneba maswavleblebis mimarT. mitom rom is, rac mo­
mavalSi moxdeba, dRes maswavleblebs ver uSvelis. Cven dRes ufro
metsa da mets vTxovT maswavleblebs da gvinda gvqondes ufleba am
moTxovnisa. rodesac aseTi naklebi pativiscemiT movepyrobiT mas­
wavleblobas, vumatebT sxva dawesebulebebs mets, amaT naklebs va­
ZlevT, radganac metis mets mcire jamagirs iReben da xuTwleebsac
aseTis dazogvid vaZlevT, ufleba ara gvaqvs movsTxovoT maT is, rac
marTlac moeTxovebaT. saxalxo ganaTlebis saministros Tvalsazri­
si swored iseTive unda iyos da am mxriv winaaRmdegoba komisiisa da
uwyebis azrs Sua sruliad ar aris mosalodneli. me kvlav vSuamdgom­
lob, rom dawesebul iqnas 400 man. xuT-wleuli damateba da ara 240 m.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad pirveli ganxilva dasrulebuli gaxlavT.
vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? winaaRm­
degi aravin aris. maSasadame miRebulia da muxlobrivi ganxilva iqne­
ba Semdeg sxdomaze.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: SekiTxva social-revoliucionerebisa
Sinagan saqmeTa da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT gaficvisTvis qalaqis
mosamsaxureTa gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.
mdivani (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis teqsts).
Tavmjdomare. rogorc mogxsendaT, es SekiTxva saswrafoa. sis­
wrafis dasacavad sityvas mivcem damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Senge­
laias. Tqven gankargulebaSi gaxlavT mxolod aTi wuTi.

544
SekiTxva socialist-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa Sinagan
da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT gaficvisaTvis qalaqis
mosamsaxureTa gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.

leo Sengelaia (s.-r.). batonebo! Cven moviTxovT, rom Cven mier Se­
motanili SekiTxva damfuZnebel krebam ganixilos saswrafod. Cven am
SekiTxvis Semotana ufro adre gvindoda, magram Cven angariSs uwe­
vdiT or garemoebas, erTis mxriv Cven ar gvindoda Sinaur frontze
brZola gagveCaRebina maSin, rodesac gareSe Zala ultimatumebs gvi­
yenebda, meores mxriv Cven velodiT mTavrobis nabijebs. Cven gvego­
na, rom mTavroba gamonaxavda Seqmnil mdgomareobidan racionalur
gamosavals, gvegona mTavroba am saqmes ise moagvarebda, rogorc
Seefereba socialistur damfuZnebel krebas da mis mier dayenebul
mTavrobas, magram Cvenda samwuxarod, es Cveni molodini ar gamarTl­
da. qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxureebi saSinel mdgomareobas
ganicdian, administraciis ukanono zomebis gamo nawili gadasaxle­
bulia da nawili maTi quCaSi aris gamoyrili. Cven gvgonia, rom dam­
fuZnebeli kreba amis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv iqoniebs msjelobas.
Tavmjdomare. batono, niniZe, Tqven winaaRmdeg gsurT?
niniZe (adgilidan): Cveni fraqcia Tanaxma aris!
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdeg sityva, aSkara aris, aravis ar surs. ma­
Sasadame SekiTxva saswrafod aris miRebuli.

leo Sengelaias sityva.

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!


mas Semdeg rac saqarTvelos social-demokratia Seudga samin­
istroebis koncentracias, es ki moxda albad maSin, roca so­
cial-demokratia darwmunda, rom CvenSi glexur saqarTveloSi ar
xdeba miwis koncentracia, diax, mas Semdeg bevrs gulubryvilos ego­
na, rom CvenSi marTlac moxdeboda mmarTva-gamgeobis gamartiveba, da
masTan erTad Seicvleboda es gezi, es xazi mmarTvel partiis poli­
tikisa, romelic daSorda aramc Tu socialzms, daSorda ubralo
demokratizmsac ki.
axalma mTavrobam Tavis deklaraciaSi aRuTqva saq. demokratias
revoliuciis monapovarTa, ra Tqma unda, ara gaRrmaveba, vinaidan
es termini social-demokratebisTvis metad revoliucionuri aris.
aRuTqva revoliuciis monapovarTa dacva da gafarToveba, gvego­
na damfuZnebel krebis mowvevis Semdeg mainc, CvenSi elementaruli
demokratiuli Tavisuflebani, rogorc aris Tavisufleba sityvisa,
beWdvisa, krebebisa da gaficvebis, pirovnebis da binis xeluxleblo­
ba, daculi da cxovrebaSi gatarebuli iqneboda.

545
Cven vicodiT, rom arc erTs mTavrobas Tavis deklaracia cxovre­
baSi ar gautarebia. Cven vicodiT, rom arc erT mTavrobas Tavisi da­
pireba savsebiT ar Seusrulebia, magram ar gvegona, ar gvjeroda, rom
socialisturi mTavroba Jordaniasi iqamdisin mividoda, rom damSeul
qalaqis muSebs cixeSi ukravda Tavs, mxolod imitom rom isini gaif­
icnen, mxolod imitom rom maT jamagiris momateba moiTxoves (xmauro­
ba). (xma: es namdvili demagogia aris!) im mTavrobam, romelmac am tri­
bunidan ganacxada, rom igi ivlis damfuZnebel krebis karnaxiT, rom
imuSavebs revoliuciis dasagvirgvineblad da revoliuciis monapo­
varTa gasamtkiceblad, isic ki ver SesZlo, rom Tavis deklaraciis
yvelaze ufro elementaruli muxlebi cxovrebaSi gaetarebina. da ai,
Sedegebic revoliuciis gafarToebis nacvlad Cven gvaqvs gafarToeba
represiebisa. demokratiis monapovarTa ganmtkicebis magivrad Cven
gvaqvs ganmtkiceba administratiul TviTnebobisa.
amas wined, social-demokratiuli gazeTi „borba“, Tavis mk­
Txvelebs umtkicebda, rom CvenSi yvelaze ufro revoliucionu­
ri da memarcxene partia social-demokratia ariso. warmoidgineT
es memarcxene partia ise gamarcxenda, rom TviT uzomieres nacio­
nal-demokratebze marjvniT gadixara da dRes misi locva-kurTx­
eviT Cveni mTavroba iseTive saSualebiT ebrZvis gaficvebs, ra sa­
SualebiTac ebrZoda gaficvebs winaT Zveli mTavroba, rodesac am
gaficvebs xelmZRvanelobda TiTon social-demokratia. samwux­
arod Cvenda, Cven aq unda gavimeoroT is, rac ara erTxel gviTqvams.
dRes social-demokratiis moRvaweobaSi ar aris ra socialistu­
ri, arc revoliucionuri da arc demokratiuli. pirdapir unda
iTqvas, dRes saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebaSi aris fraqcia nacio­
nal-demokratebis, erTi mraval ricxovani, meore mcire ricxovani.
sxva gansxvaveba maT Soris arsebiTi ar aris. vinaidan aSkara aris,
rom is social-demokratia, romelic dRes ebRauWeba istoriul saz­
Rvrebs, romelmac daakanona mudmivi reguliaruli jari monarqiuli
wesdebiT, is social-demokratia, romelmac miwa, xalxis avla-dide­
ba auqcionSi gayida, _ arafriT ganirCeva nacional-demokratebisa­
gan. gasakvirveli ar aris, Tu social-demokratia Tavis administra­
tiul praqtikaSic baZavs nacional-demokratias da masTan erTad
gaficvebs ebrZvis. es sruli aliansi social demokratebisa da nacio­
nal-demokratebisa Cven davinaxeT sxvaTa Soris qalaqis TviTmarTve­
lobaSi. iq b. goTuam sruli kmayofileba gamosTqva im zomebis gamo,
romelic miiRo social-demokratiam TviTmarTvelobis mosamsaxu­
reebis gaficvis winaaRmdeg. social-revoliucionerTa fraqcias Ta­
vis revoliucionur movaleobad miaCnia damfuZnebel krebis maRali
yuradReba vrclad SeaCeros im saSinel usamarTlobaze da ukanono­
baze, romelic Caidina erTis mxriv qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam da meo­
res mxriT Cvenma administraciam, qalaqis gaficul mosamsaxureebis

546
mimarT. saqmis faqtiuri viTareba albad bevr Tqvengans ecodineba, es
viTareba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT daicvaT siCume!
Sengelaia. mogexsenebaT daaxlovebiT ianvridan qalaqis mosam­
saxureebis, sxva da sxva seqciebSi Tavi iCina, aSkara ukmayofilobam.
es ukmayofileba gamowveul iyo im mZime nivTier mdgomareobiT, ro­
melSiac imyofebodnen qalaqis mosamsaxureebi. saqme imaSia, rom qa­
laqis mosamsaxureebi 2-3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ver Rebulobdnen siste­
matiurad jamagirs. es xdeboda rogorc SarSan, ise am welsac. bolos
da bolos rodesac mosamsaxureebma moTmineba dakarges, maT mimarTes
TavianT aRmasrulebel komitets, da sTxoves rom mas mieRo saswrafo
zomebi. aRmasrulebelma komitetma adgilobriv gamoirkvia mdgo­
mareoba, da gaecno mosamsaxureebis mdgomareobas, da rodesac dar­
wmunda, rom mosamsaxureebis mdgomareoba marTlac autaneli iyo,
misca winadadeba qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, moexdina SeerTebuli
sxdoma. es SeerTebuli sxdoma qalaqis gamgeobisa da aRmasruleb­
el komitetisa moxda pirvel marts. am sxdomaze aRmasrulebelma
komitetma wamoayena mTeli rigi zomebisa. is moiTxovda rom gamgeo­
bas mieRo saswrafo zomebi, sxvaTa Soris aRmasrulebelma komitetma
moiTxova, rom am saqmeSi Careoda mTavroba, da momxdariyo Tanabari
ganawileba xarjebis qalaqis sabWos da mTavrobis Soris. qalaqis
gamgeobam yvela es zomebi uaryo da Tavis mxriv daumata, yvela es
beletristika aris da saqmes ver uSveliso. 2 marts, moxda delegat­
Ta yriloba, romelmac moismina sxva da sxva seqciebis mier gamotani­
li rezoliuciebi, moismina agreTve moxseneba qalaqis gamgeobisa da
aRmasrulebel komitetisa Soris momxdar molaparakebis Sesaxeb da
Semdeg daadgina, rom moexdina mSvidobiani gaficva. 8 marts es dad­
genileba ganixila profesionalurma sabWom da daadatura. mosamsax­
ureTa mZime mdgomareoba, vidre es sxdoma moxdeboda, aRmasrulebel
komitetma vrceli moxseneba warmoudgina profesionalur sabWos,
ris Semdeg man daadastura autaneli nivTieri mdgomareoba mosam­
saxureebisa da aRiara, rom saWiroa zomebis miReba. 18 marts moxda
oficialuri sxdoma profesionalur sabWoSi, man dagmo mosamsaxu­
reebis gaficva, man uwoda dezorganizatoruli da miuwoda mosam­
saxureebs wesierebisTvis, Tavis mxriv aRmasrulebel komitets daav­
ala mowveva saswrafo sxdomisa mosamsaxureebisa. 23 marts moxda es
saswrafo sxdoma mosamsaxureebisa. am krebas daeswro 1200 mosamsax­
ureze meti, daeswren Sromis saministros, qalaqis gamgeobis da pro­
fesionalur sabWos warmomadgenelni. am sxdomaze qalaqis gamgeobis
pasuxi iyo Semdegi: qalaqis gamgeoba umtkicebda, rom mas fuli ara
aqvs da verc iSovis axlo momavalSi fuls; Semdeg umtkicebda, rom es
gaficva uazroa da ufro gaarTulebs mdgomareobas. rodesac es pa­
suxi moismina krebam, TiTqmis erTxmad daadgina gamoecxadebina mSvi­

547
dobiani ekonomiuri gaficva. amis pasuxad qalaqis sabWom 25 marts
gamoitana Tavis istoriuli dadgenileba, sadac sweria: vinaidan
qalaqis TviTmarTvelobis mosamsaxureTa nawilis mier gamocxadebu­
li gaficva mimarTulia demokr. TviTmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg da ar
aris mizanSewonili. sabWo adgens: 1) mieces winadadeba gaficulT
Seudgnen muSaobas 27 marts dilis 9 saaTidan, 2) vinc ar gamocxadde­
ba, Tavis nebiT samsaxuridan gasulad CaiTvleba da 3) saavadmyofos
gaficulebi mieces pasuxis gebaSi.
26-27 marts moxda delegatTa yriloba, iqmna msjeloba qalaqis
sabWos rezoliuciaze da daadgina moiTxovos, 25 martis sabWos dad­
genilebis gauqmeba da niSnad protestisa, _ gaaZlieros gaficva. 28
marts, rogorc mogexsenebaT, moxda muSaTa parlamentis sxdoma. mu­
SaTa sabWom social-demokratebis gavleniT, dagmo mosamsaxuree­
bis gaficva, viTarca antidemokratiuli. (xmauroba) (diax, diax! so­
cial-demokratebis xmebi).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT daicvaT siCume!
l. Sengelaia. swored am dRidan iwyeba sastiki represiebi gafi­
cul mosamsaxureebis winaaRmdeg: 28 marts saRamos dapatimrebul
iqmnen ramdenime piri. 28 martidan 6 aprilamdi dapatimrebul iqnen
Semdegi pirebi qalaqis mosamsaxureebidan (kiTxulobs): cercvaZe,
xvalisi, kulikovi, meliqovisa, miteli, kikaliSvili, jorbenaZe,
kareci, xudadovi da sxv. 30 marts qalaqis gamgeobam ganacxada:
„vinaidan qalaqis mosamsaxureebi Tanaxmad 25 martis dadgenilebisa
daTxovnili arian, msurvelebs SeuZlianT daubrundnen muSaobas da
amisTvis Semoitanon sam aprilamdi Txovna. miReba moxdeba saerTo
wesiT,“ xolo 2 aprils gamgeobam gamoakra rigebi jamagirebis miRe­
bis Sesaxeb. 2 aprils moxda saswrafo sxdoma delegatTa yrilobisa,
romelmac iqonia msjeloba Seqmnil mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da daad­
gina, vinaidan gamgeobam ukve daiwyo jamagirebis darigeba, gaficvis
mizani SeiZleba mixweulad CaiTvalos da SeiZleba gaficva moxsnan.
mxolod moiTxoves, rom yvela dapatimrebuli ganTavisuflebuli yo­
filiyvnen. 3 aprils delegatTa yrilobaze gamocxadda qalaqis Tavi
da man ganacxada, rom koleqtiurad mosamsaxureebis ukan miReba Seu­
Zlebelia, man ganmarta, rom zogierTi piri aris dapatimrebuli mis
pirad gankargulebiT. rac Seexeba 25 martis dadgenilebas, qalaqis
Tavma ganacxada, rom movaled sTvlis Tavis Tavs, rom es dadgenile­
ba cxovrebaSi gaataros. miuxedavad aseT kategoriul gancxadebi­
sa, delegatTa yrilobam daadgina, moixsnas gaficva, koleqtiurad
daubrundnen muSaobas da moiTxoves dapatimrebulTa ganTavisufle­
ba da garantia imisa, rom gaficvisaTvis aravin dasjili ar iqneba.
amis sapasuxod qalaqis gamgeobam gamoitana dadgenileba, sadac acxa­
debda, rom delegatTa yrilobis rezoliuciaSi moyvanili motive­
bi marTali ar aris. jamagirebs imitom ki ar arigeben, rom gaficvis

548
SeeSindaT, rom koleqtiuri miReba mosamsaxureebisa ewinaaRmdegeba
qalaqis sabWos dadgenilebaso da sxva.
amnairad mosamsaxureebis winaSe yvela gzebi daketili Seiqm­
na, qalaqis gamgeoba irwmuneboda, rom fuli aRar gvaqvso, magram
rogorc mogexsenebaT, 2 aprils qalaqis gamgeoba ukve Seudga ja­
magiris darigebas. ekonomiur gaficvas yovelgvari mniSvneloba
da azri daekarga da maSin daadgines moeTxovaT mosamsaxureebi
mieRoT, magram gamgeoba uarze iyo, fulebs ki arigebda, maSasadame
es motivic moixsna. da raki mojadoebul wreSi moeqcnen mosamsaxu­
reebi, maT mimarTes ukanasknel saSualebas profesionalur sabWos
da sTxoves, rom is Careuliyo am saqmeSi da mieRo TavisTavze
gaficvis likvidaciis iniciativa. profesionalur sabWom iqonia
msjeloba amis Sesaxeb da miiRo dadgenileba, rom mas ar SeuZlian
TavisTavze aiRos likvidaciis iniciativa. mxolod Tu mosamsax­
ureni aRiareben, rom maTi pozicia Semcdari iyo da TiTon gaficva
uazro iyo, im SemTxvevaSi CavereviT da miviRebT saTanado zomeb­
so. ra Tqma unda, aseTi ara-demokratiuli, ara-amxanaguri pozicia
mosamsaxureebs ver daakmayofilebda. delegatTa yrilobam iqonia
amaze msjeloba da daadgina TiTqmis erTxmad _ moxsnas gaficva da
koleqtiurad samsaxurs Tavi daanebon. es delegatTa yrilobis
dadgenileba daadastura saerTo krebam 7 aprils. aseTia mokle
istoria gaficvisa. aq TavisTavad ibadeba kiTxva: ram gamoiwvia
es gaficva, ra iyo misi mizani? umTavresi mosazreba, romliTac
amarTlebdnen da amarTleben gaficvis winaaRmdeg miRebul repre­
siul zomebs gaxlavT is, rom TiTqos gaficvas politikuri xas­
iaTi hqonda (xmauroba. Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, nu uSliT ora­
tors). Cven gadavaTvaliereT mTeli masala, romelic moipoveba am
gaficvis Sesaxeb, gadavaTvaliereT yvela rezoliuciebi, sxva da
sxva sxdomebis angariSebi, krebebis oqmebi da kategoriulad vacxa­
debT, rom gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonia. Cven amaSi davr­
wmundebiT, Tu ganvixilavT im mosazrebebs, romlebic mohyavT imis
dasamtkiceblad, rom TiTqo gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqonda.
am mxriv sainteresoa gazeT „borbas“ pozicia. gazeT „borbas“ 68 no­
merSi sweria: „Ясно для всякаго должно быть и то, что эта забастовка, какъ
форма экономической борьбы не имѣетъ никакого смысла. Остается такимъ
образомъ допустить, что забастовка городскихъ служащихъ преслѣдуетъ не
экономическiя, а политическiя цѣли“.
es debuleba, es mosazreba borbisa ar aris dasabuTebuli arc
loRikurad, arc faqtiurad, „borba“ Tavis SexedulobaSi sarge­
blobs geometriul meTodiT egreT wodebuli доказательствомъ отъ
противнаго. mas udaoT miaCnia, rom es gaficva uazro aris rogorc
ekonomiuri, maSasadame, es politikuri ariso. magram unda mogax­
senoT, rom „borbas“ msjelobaSi araviTari loRikuri kavSiri ar

549
aris. am loRikiT rom vimsjeloT, yvelafris damtkiceba SegviZlian.
SegviZlian vsTqvaT dRes, raki social-demokratebi ar amyareben so­
cialistur weswyobilebas, maSasadame soc.-dem. anarqistebi ariano.
saqme imaSi ki ar aris, rogor uyurebs „borba“ am gaficvas, saqme imaSi
aris, rogor uyureben am gaficvas mosamsaxureni, hqonda Tu ara maT
TvalSi gaficvas azri. am mxriv Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom maT TvalSi
am gaficvas sruli azri hqonda. isini ambobdnen: „marTalia, qalaqs
fuli ara aqvs, viciT rom kasaSi araferi aris da Cven arc vibrZviT
cariel kasis winaaRmdeg, magram Cven vibrZviT im indiferentizmis
winaaRmdeg, romelsac iCens qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeoba. Cven
darwmunebuli varT, rom Tu qalaqis sabWom moindoma mas SeuZlian
miiRos saTanado zomebi“. sxvaTa Soris asaxelebdnen rom mTavrobas
SeeZlo Carevoda am saqmeSi, daxmareba gaewia; miT ufro rom qalaq­
ma gaiRo iseTi xarjebi, romelSiac saxelmwifo arsebiTad dainter­
eseuli aris, da romelic marto qalaqis saqme ar aris _ mag. brZola
epidemiasTan _ es xom marto qalaqis saqme ar aris, amis xarjebi marto
qalaqs ar unda daawves. ase rom es mosazreba srulebiT dasabuTebu­
li ar aris. sxvaTa Soris saintereso sabuTi, _ Tu SeiZleba mas sabu­
Ti uwodoT, _ moiyvana koniaSvilma 28 maiss muSaTa sabWos sxdomaze.
man moiyvana Semdegi mosazreba: 1) imis damamtkicebeli, rom gaficvas
politikuri xasiaTi hqonda, koniaSvilma moiyvana aseTi sabuTi: muSa
rebruxma ganacxada, rom gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqondao. es
aris erTi mosazreba. 2 mosazreba gaxlavT is, rom baqos proletar­
iatis warmomadgenelma Tbilisis muSebs uwoda „nawili ruseTis
proletariatisa“, maSasadame, gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi aqvso. 3
motivi aris, is SeniSvna, romelic iyo moTavsebuli gazeT „Трудовое
Знамя“-Si sadac ewera, rom qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, rom namdvili,
WeSmariti demokratiis gamomxatveli yofiliyo, maSin mis winaaRm­
deg es gaficva ar moxdebodao.
ai es sami mosazreba iyo moyvanili imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
gaficvas hqonda politikuri xasiaTi. gavarCioT eseni. aviRoT pir­
veli mosazreba; pirveli mosazreba aris is, rom viRac rebruxma
ganacxada, rom politikuri aris gaficvao _ maSasadame, daskvnis
b. koniaSvili, es gaficva politikuri ariso. me mgonia politikur
moRvawem ese ar unda imsjelos (niniZe: rebruxi xelmZRvaneli iyo), is
ar iyo xelmZRvaneli, is ar msaxurobda TviTmmarTvelobaSi, is aris
metalisti. diax, yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom ese vimsjeloT, viRacam
raRaca sTqva, _ da maSasadame politikuri gaficva ariso. saqme imaSi
ki ar aris, Tu vin rogor uyurebs am gaficvas, saqme imaSi aris Tu
TiTon mosamsaxureni, rogor uyureben am gaficvas. rac Seexeba meo­
re gancxadebas rom baqos warmomadgenelma Tfilisis muSebs ruseTis
proletariatis nawili uwoda, maSasadame gaficva politikuri ari­
so, _ es iseTi uloRiko msjeloba aris, rom masze SeCereba ar Rirs.
baqos proletariatis warmomadgenels SeuZlian aramc Tu Tfilisis

550
muSebs uwodos ruseTis proletariatis nawili, mas SeeZlo Tavis Ta­
visaTvis ispaniis mefe ewoda, magram amiT is ar gadaiqceva ispaniis
mefed da arc saqarTvelo espaniad. aq araviTari loRika ar aris. rac
Seexeba im SeniSvnas, romelic „Трудовое Знамя“-Si aris moTavsebuli, es
SeniSvna Tu rames amtkicebs _ amtkicebs mxolod erT rames, saxeldo­
br imas, rom cdilobs Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenos mTavrobis, Tu
xelmZRvanel partiis Secdomebi, da misces iseTi ganmarteba, romelic
ama Tu im jgufisaTvis xelsayrelia. rac Seexeba Sinaars SeniSvnisas,
romelic „Трудовое Знамя“-Si dabeWdili aris, unda mogaxsenoT, rom es
SeniSvna aris loRikuri daskvna im poziciisa, romelic gazeTma „bor­
bam daikava“. „borbam“ daswera, yovlad SeuZlebelia demokratiul
TviTmmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg brZolao. „Трудовое Знамя“ Rebulobs am
debulebas da ambobs. diax, marTalia. yovlad SeuZlebelia demokra­
tiuli organos winaaRmdeg brZola, da Tu demokratiul TviTmmarT­
velobis winaaRmdeg ibrZvian, maSasadame albaT Tqveni demokratiuli
TviTmmarTveloba demokratiuli ar ariso.
Cven gvaqvs sxva faqtebi, romlebic amtkiceben, rom gaficvas
politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonda. magaliTad, Cven viciT rom gaficvis
Sesaxeb moxda ara erTi kreba, gamotanilia ara erTi rezoliucia.
Tqven ver damisaxelebT verc erT krebas, verc erT rezoliucias,
sadac wamoyenebuli yofiliyo raime politikuri moTxovnileba.
magaliTad, 23 aprils, rodesac moxda saerTo kreba qalaqis mosam­
saxureebisa, maT warmomadgenelma kulikovma Semdegi moTxovnileba
wamoayena: jamagiris, rogorc Zvelis ise momaval jamagiris Tavis
droze miReba. meore, koleqtiuri xelSekruleba da maTi gaTanas­
woreba sxva mosamsaxureebTan am jamagirebis miRebaSi da saarbi­
traJo komisia mosamsaxureebisa. ai es mTavari moTxovnilebani wa­
moayenes maT da es moTxovnilebani ganmeorebuli iqmna muSaTa sabWos
sxdomaze. Semdeg Cven gvaqvs mTeli rigi rezoliuciebisa sxva da sxva
kavSirebis mier gamotanili da arsad ar aris naTqvami, rom es gafic­
va aris politikur xasiaTisa. (xma: arc ityvian) (xma: mTavrobis moq­
medebaze ilaparakeT!) (Tavmjdomare: keTil inebeT, nu xmaurobT!).
magaliTad aris rezoliucia gamotanili qalaqis kavSiris mosam­
saxureebis mier. am rezoliuciaSi naTqvami aris, rom gaficva aris
mxolod da mxolod mSvidobiani da ekonomiuri. mosamsaxureni ambo­
ben Tavis rezoliuciaSi, rom gaficvas aqvs mxolod ekonomiuri da
iZulebiTi xasiaTi. gaficvis komiteti Tavis mowodebaSi ambobs, rom
gaficvas iZulebiTi da mSvidobiani xasiaTi aqvs (xma: ram aiZulaT?)
SimSilma, batonebo, diax Tqven SeiZleba ar grZnobdeT, magram isini
grZnoben SimSils. gaficvas, rom ar hqonda politikuri xasiaTi amas
adasturebs da amowmebs is mowodebac, romelic gamosca gaficvis
komitetma, iq sweria: „Товарищи! Забастовка, объявленная гор. служащими
и носящая исключительно экономическо-правовой характеръ, несмотря на всѣ
старанiя нашихъ противниковъ, продолжаетъ протекать мирно и преслѣдовать

551
экономическiя цѣли. Она остается такой, какой была и мы не выйдемъ изъ рамокъ
профессiональнаго движенiя“.
maSasadame, aSkara aris, rom gaficva politikuri ar iyo. ma­
gram vsTqvaT, batonebo, rom gaficvas hqonda politikuri xasiaTi.
mere? Cven ar viciT arc erTi socialisturi partia, romelic uary­
ofdes politikur gaficvis Tavisuflebas. maSasadame, Tundac, rom
gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi hqonoda, Cven ar gvqonda, qalaqis
TviTmmarTvelobas ar hqonda araviTari ufleba migveRo is repre­
siuli zomebi, romelic iyo miRebuli. yvela socialisturi partia
moiTxovs gaficvis uflebas. ai TviT soc.-dem. programaSi sweria: „С.-
демократия требуетъ: “неограниченную свободу совѣсти, слова, печати, собрании,
стачекъ и союзовъ “. (xma: viciT, batono!) iciT, batonebo, diax, magram
saqme imaSia, rom Tqven erTi giweriaT programaSi da meores akeTebT
cxovrebaSi. Cven vamtkicebT, rom gaficvas ar hqonia politikuri xa­
siaTi, mizezi iyo autaneli nivTieri mdgomareoba mosamsaxureebisa,
mizani ki am mosamsaxureebis uflebriv da ekonomiur mdgomareobis
gaumjobesoba. mosamsaxureebis mdgomareoba iyo autaneli, isini
sistematiurad jamagirs ver Rebulobdnen, SimSilis niadagze maT
Soris vrceldeboda gadamdebi seni. yofila magaliTebi, rom muSao­
bis dros mosamsaxureni fexze ver dgebodnen, iqceodnen. magaliTad,
erTma inJinerma ganacxada: „me ar SemiZlian muSaobis gagrZeleba, im­
itom rom muSebi fexze ver dgebian, iqceviano. amis Sesaxeb rodesac
konievs moaxsenes, b. konievma sityva-sityviT, rogorc gadmomces, sTq­
va: `Неполученiе жалованiя столь же мало влiяетъ на увеличенiе заболѣваемости,
какъ свѣерный полюсъ на климатъ Тифлиса.~
ai batonebo, ra pasuxs aZlevs mosamsaxureebs demokratiul re­
spublikaSi demokratiis warmomadgeneli TviTmmarTveloba. rom
gaficvas hqonda mxolod ekonomiuri xasiaTi es mtkicdeba auareb­
el faqtebiT. aviRoT igive „borba“, an da mowodeba, romelic gamos­
ca gaficvis komitetma. im mowodebaSi, romelic gamosca gaficvis
komitetma, pirdapir sweria: „Стоны и вопли нашихъ голодныхъ матерей
женъ и дѣтей заставляютъ насъ, измученныхъ нуждой и голодомъ, за неимѣнiемъ
физическихъ силъ, оставить работу... Пока можно было терпѣть, пока намъ
довѣряли въ кредитъ, пока имѣли хоть что нибудь, мы продавали послѣднюю
рубаху и терпѣли~...
ai, batonebo, gaficvis mizezi. amis Sesaxeb TviT gaficvis komite­
ti ai rasa swers:
„Причины забастовки различно освѣщались различными группами, но
при­чина ея одна – это не выплата жалованiя служащимъ за 2 мѣс. Это голод и
нищета на которые обрекло своихъ работниковъ гор. Самоуправленiе. Это шагъ,
продиктованный отчаянiемъ изголодавшихся людей“ da sxv. (xma: yvelaferi es
wakiTxuli gvaqvs!)
wakiTxuli gaqvT, magram samwuxarod daskvna ver gamoiyvaneT, is
daskvna romelic unda gamoeyvana demokratias. „borbaSi“ pirdapir

552
sweria: „Да не подумаетъ кто нибудь, что мы закрываем глаза набѣдственное
положенiе служащихъ гор. самоуправ. Мы сознаемъ, конечно, весь ужасъ
людей, неполучающихъ жалования по 2-3 мѣсяца и обреченныхъ на голодное
существованiе“. (Борьба №51) rom maTi mdgomareoba autaneli iyo, rom
autanel nivTier mdgomareobam isini aiZula gamoecxadebinaT gafic­
va, amas amtkicebs Tundac is pasuxi, romelic eraZem gasca deleg­
acias, romelic gagzavnili iyo Sromis ministrTan mosamsaxuree­
bisagan. eraZem uTxra, es aris moTavsebuli borbis #59. „Вопросъ по
которому говоритъ делегацiя, имѣетъ двѣ стороны 1) положенiе служащихъ и
средство достиженiя цѣли. Что касается первой стороны, положенiя служ. то даже
враги не могутъ сказать, что служащiе въ своихъ требов. не правы и не должны
быть неудовлетворены“. ai batonebo, Tqven xedavT, rom maTi mdgomareoba
marTlac auwereli iyo, amas adasturebs iseTi oficialuri organo,
rogoric gazeTi „borba“, amas adastureben iseTi pirni, rogorc ar­
ian Tqveni warmomadgenelni saministroSi eraZe da sxva. maTi mdgo­
mareoba autaneli iyo. maSasadame, gaficvis mizezi iyo ekonomiuri
mdgomareoba, isini moiTxovdnen Tavisi mdgomareobis gaumjobese­
bas, Tavis droze jamagirebis miRebas da koleqtiur xelSekrulebis
dadebas. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom yovel dargSi arsebobs mosamsaxure­
Ta da damqiravebelTa Soris erTgvari xelSekruleba, arsebobs kole­
qtiuri xelSekruleba. es aris kerZo dawesebulebebSi, da miT ufro
unda iyos sazogado dawesebulebaSi, rogorc aris TviTmmarTveloba,
radganac maT mosamsaxureebis da TviTmmarTvelobis Soris xdeboda
xSirad konfliqtebi, da rom am konfliqtebs moeRos bolo, rom mu­
dam ar iyos dava, saWiroa erTgvari garantia, erTgvari kodeqsi. es
ki SeiZleba mxolod koleqtiur xelSekrulobis dadebiT. unda mogax­
senoT, rom delegatTa yrilobaze, koleqtiuri xelSekruleba unda
daedoT 31 marts, xolo saarbitraJo komisias unda daewyo muSaoba
15 aprilidan magram, qalaqis gamgeobam es ar Seasrula. mizezad moi­
yvana is, rom maSin TfilisSi ar iyo Camosuli axlad arCeuli qalaqis
Tavi. warmoidgineT, batonebo, rom amodena xalxis bed-iRbali damok­
idebuli aris imaze Tu, rodis CamobrZandeba esa Tu is qalaqis Tavi.
es yovlad SeuZlebeli aris demokratiul respublikaSi. erTad erTi
loRika, romelic safuZvlad udevs mTel am istorias, TviTmmarTve­
lobis moqmedebas aris is loRika, romelic ambobs „Seni SeWmva rom
msurs, mizezad isic kmarao“. aq aris aSkara, rom raRac mizezis gamo
undodaT winandel mosamsaxureebis daTxovna, da mxolod es iyo da es.
rodesac gamgeoba Seudga jamagirebis darigebas, mosamsaxurebma
maSinve moxsnes gaficva da gana es sakmarisi ar iyo? magram es ar aR­
moCnda sakmarisad, albad sxva miznebi hqondaT. aseT pirobebSi rogor
unda moqceuliyo mTavroba, socialisturi, demokratiuli mTavroba?
socialisturi mTavroba unda Careuliyo saqmeSi, mas sakmao yuradRe­
ba unda mieqcia mosamsaxureTa mdgomareobisTvis, is valdebuli iyo
daecva mosamsaxureTa interesebi. amis magivrad Cven sul winaaRmdegs

553
vxedavT. administracia sastik zomebs Rebulobs gaficulTa winaaRm­
deg: zogi dapatimrebulia, zogi gadasaxlebuli, zogi dRemdis cixeSi
aris da maT winaaRmdeg araviTari konkretiuli braldeba ar yofila
wardgenili. Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im uazro frazas, romelic
iyo moyvanili sagangebo razmis orderebSi, esa da es piri daWerili
aris за организацiонное выступленiе. ra aris es „организацiонное выступленiе“
aravin ar icis. administracia moiqca sastikad, imdenad sastikad, rom
Zveli TviTmpyrobeli biurokratia mets verafers izavda. es aris, ra
Tqma unda, Sedegi im gaxrwnisa, im moSlilobisa, romelsac Cven vxedavT
TviT administraciaSi. ramdenadac gaxrwnilia administracia, ramde­
nad moSlilia administratiuli aparati. amas adasturebs Tundac is
xmebi, romelic ase daJinebiT gavrcelebulia da romelic ambobs, rom
amas winad sagangebo razmma gaCxrika damfuZnebeli krebis erT-erTi
deputati. amboben, rom es deputati gaxldaT social-demokratiul
fraqciis wevri. Cven ar viciT ramdenad marTalia es xmebi, magram Cven
viciT, vin arian sagangebo razmSi da viciT, rom maTgan yvelaferi
mosalodneli aris. isini yvelafers gaakeTeben. rasakvirvelia, so­
cial-demokratebma miiRes yoveli zomebi, rom es faqti ar gaxmaurebu­
liyo, es gasagebic aris, vinaidan cxadia, rodesac es sagangebo razmi,
romelic mowodebuli aris ebrZolos kontr-revoliucias, Cxreks dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs social demok. deputats. gana es s.-d. minis­
trisTvis „skandali“ ar aris? amis Semdeg, ra Tqma unda Cven araviTari
garantia ara gvaqvs, rom igive sagangebo razmi ar miva sxva deputat­
Tan ara marto gasaCxrekad, aramed dasapatimreblad. maSin, me vekiTxe­
bi b. ministrs, ra iqneba es, brZola kontr-revoliuciis winaaRmdeg Tu
namdvili kontr-revoliucia?! (arseniZe adgilidan: rac iqneba, maSin
gaigeT!). es sagangebo razmi gadaiqca namdvil kontr-revoliucioner­
Ta budeT; maTi meTaurebi gaxlavT kedia, panCuliebi. es is xalxia,
romelTac ara erTi socialisti gamousalmebia wuTisofels da rom­
lis gamo ara erTma socialistma suli dalia ruseTis civ tundreb­
Si. ai vin arian b. ministris TanamSromelni da ai vin amtkicebs Cven­
Si demokratiul reJims. ai am xalxis saTareSod gadaiqca mTeli Cveni
respublika. batonebo, rubikoni gadalaxulia, Cveni administracia
apatimrebs, Cxreks, scems da asaxlebs Cveulebriv moqalaqeebs, igive
administracia Cxreks deputatebs, male albad, jeri ministrebzedac
miva! yvela am movlenebis Semdeg, Cven gvaqvs, batonebo, sruli ufleba
Cveni administraciis ufrossa da umcros xelmZRvanelT uTxraT: qu-
ousque tandem abutere pacientia postra!
kirile niniZe. (s.d.) batonebo! Cemis fiqriT, damfuZnebel krebis
wevrs b. Sengelaias, rom marTla hqondes iseTi seriozuli sabuTi,
rogoric aris damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gaCxreka, is Tu marTlac
icavs demokratiis interess, valdebuli iyo es SekiTxva Semoetana
pirvelad, vinem is Semoitanda im SekiTxvas, romelic dRes movis­
mineT Cven.

554
magram me mgonia, rom fraqcias, romelic aq gamovida am SekiTxviT,
ara aqvs saSualeba, ara aqvs survilic ki imisa, rom marTla emsaxuros
demokratiul interess da demokratiul wyobilebis ganmtkicebas.
amas, Cvenis fiqriT, amtkicebs mxolod is SekiTxva, romelic dRes Cven
aq movismineT. me rasakvirvelia, ar vilaparakeb im konkretiul bral­
debaze, romelic mimarTulia mTavrobis winaaRmdeg. konkretiulad
mTavrobas, albaT braldeba is, rom mis TanxmobiT dapatimrebulni
iyvnen iseTi pirebic, romlebsac araviTari danaSauloba ar Caudeni­
aT. sanam ar mogvismenia ganmarteba mTavrobisa, manam rasakvirvelia
arafris Tqma Cven ar SegviZlian, mxolod sadavo aris is debuleba,
is formaluri debuleba, romelic b. Sengelaiam wamoayena. debuleba
imis Sesaxeb, viTom sakanondeblo kodeqsebSi ar sweria administra­
tiuli dapatimreba (xmauroba) organizaciuli. (xmauroba)... rogori
organizacia iyo, ar viciT, amaze mogaxsenebT Semdeg, rodesac mTav­
roba ganmartebas mogvcems, maSin gavigebT marTla organizaciuli
iyo Tu ara.
es Seexeba saqmis arsebiT mxares.
magram debuleba social-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa, viTom
ar iyo dasaSvebi administratiuli datusaReba, es debuleba amoRe­
bulia im arxividan, im partiis arxividan, romlis moRvaweobas Cven
kargad varT gacnobili. es arxivi gaxlavT egred wodebuli ruseTis
social-demokratiul partiis Tbilisis, kavkasiis saolqo komite­
tis da agreTve social-revoliucionerebis „znamia narodas“, ro­
melic gaxlavT imis arsenalidan (xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari. xma:
Seurigdnen!)
garda amisa, TiTon es formaluri mxarec koWlobs ucodinarobiT.
formalurad parlamentisgan dadasturebuli gvaqvs, rom mTavrobas
neba aqvs miiRos administratiuli zomebi da manam, sanam es ar gauqmeb­
ula, es ufleba, romelic Cven mTavrobas mivaniWeT, eserebis fraqcias
ara aqvs ufleba wamoayenos braldeba swored am formalur mosazre­
biT. (xma: ukanonobaa!) kanonad Cven migvaCnia is, rac miRebulia da da­
dasturebulia Cvens mier, da ara is, rac xdeba Tqven sxdomebze. aseTia
kanoni da sanam es kanoni amave mgzavs kanoniT ar gagviuqmebia, Cven ar
gvaqvs araviTari sabuTi usayveduroT mTavrobas, ratom isargeble
ama Tu im kanoniTo. piriqiT, imas, vinc dainteresebulia Cveni qvey­
nis bediT, unda Semoetana SekiTxva, Tu man dainaxa, rom mTavroba ar
sargeblobs da arRvevs im kanons, romliTac valdebulia isargeblos.
magram, rogorc vxedav, eserebis fraqcia amas gverds uxvevs da mosTx­
ovs mTavrobas swored im kanonis darRvevas, romelic arsebobs.
amitom me vimeoreb, arsebiTad b. Sengelaias ar upasuxeb manam, sa­
nam mTavrobis ganmartebas ar movismenT. konkretiulad hqonda Tu ara
sabuTi, hqonda Tu ara ufleba daepatimrebina esa Tu is piri, gaeZeve­
bina Cveni teritoriis sazRvrebidan; _ am sakiTxs Cven ar vexebiT,
radganac amis Sesaxeb ar mogvismenia mTavrobis ganmarteba, magram

555
rac Seexeba formalur braldebas, es yovelgvar safuZvels moklebu­
li aris. arsebiTad me mgonia, rom SekiTxva Sengelaiasi mimarTulia
ara mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, aramed mimarTulia demokratiis da TviT
muSaTa klasis winaaRmdeg da rom es asea amis sabuTi Cven mogvca Ti­
Ton b. Sengelaiam, rodesac mogviTxrobda am sakiTxis istorias. ra
sTqva man? man sTqva da amasTan wamoyenebulma faqtma Cven gviTxra, rom
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas ar hqonda saSualeba, fizikuri saSuale­
ba daekmayofilebina is moTxovnilebebi, romelic mosamsaxureebma
warudgines qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas. ar moepoveboda kasaSi saW­
iro fuli, rom daekmayofilebina isini jamagirebiT, erTi Tu ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi, daekmayofilebina is moTxovnilebani, romel­
sac udebdnen ultimatumis saxiT es mosamsaxureni, da rom es ase iyo,
es daadastura TviT muSaTa klasis konpetenturma organom, _ pro­
fesionalurma kavSirma. profesionalur kavSiris sabWom ar moiwo­
na is nabiji, romelic am mosamsaxureebma gadasdges da uTxra, rom am
pirobebSi aseTi gaficvis gamocxadeba _ es iqneba ugunuroba; _ rom
es ase aris, sxvaTa Soris sCans iqidanac, rom am gaficvas, romelic
arsebiTad dawyebuli iyo „Cinovnikebisagan“ da sxva moxeleebisagan,
kancelariis mosamsaxureebisagan, amaT ar miemxrnen TviT qalaqis mo­
samsaxureebis is nawili, romelic ufro axlo aris muSaTa klasTan da
mets gaWirvebas, mets SimSils ganicdis, vidre „Cinovnikebi“. es gax­
lavan wylis sadenis muSebi, tramvais muSebi da sxvebi. b. Sengelaias
kargad unda moexsenebodes is, rom swored muSaTa klasma, romelic
imave dros iyvnen am qalaqis mosamsaxureebad, ar moiwona is gaficva
da TiTon am umaRlesma organom, romelic muSebs aqvT profesional­
ur kavSiris saxiT, am organom es gaficva dagmo.
da rodesac b-ni Sengelaia kiTxulobs, ra zomebi miiRo mTav­
robam, albaT b-ni Sengelaia fiqrobs, rom mTavroba unda wasuliyo
da daeSala qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, romelic ar ahyva „Cinovnike­
bis“ moTxovnilebas, da gaereka profesionaluri sabWo, romelsac es
ar moewona.
rodesac aseTs axirebul pretenziebs gviyenebs b-ni Sengelaia,
mas gonia, rom es aris revoliuciis da socializmis gaRrmaveba. me
mgonia, rom es gaRrmaveba ki ar aris, vulgaruli Tqmisa ar iyos,
Zir gavardnili revoliucia aris da social-revoliucionerebis
revoliucia Zir gavardnilia. (xmauroba. zari. xma: Tqveni revoliu­
cia?) Cveni revoliucia b-no, emyareba muSaTa klass da ara im jgufs,
romelic gamodis „Cinovnikebis“ saxeliT da emyareba „znamia social­
izmis“ gverdiT, romlebmac aq moindomes sxolastiuri gamarTleba da
raRac loRikuri msjelobiT gindodaT gagemarTlebinad. raki ar iyo
„znamia socializmis“ politika daculi, ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis
gamoyvana, rom es moqmedeba ar iyo politikuri.
me mgonia, b-n Sengelaiam icis, rom sityvaze meti mniSvneloba
aqvs saqmes da is saqme, romelic Caidina nawilma qalaqis mosamsaxu­

556
reebis, romlebmac ar gauwies araviTari angariSi arc TviTmmarTve­
lobis mdgomareobas, arc imis kasis mdgomareobas, arc muSaTa profe­
sionalur sabWos dadgenilebas, arc muSaTa qalaqis mosamsaxureebis
demokratiul da marTlac proletarul nawilis damokidebulebas am
saqmesTan, _ me mgonia, cxadia aq b-ni Sengelaia ibrZvis daClungebul
iaraRiT ufro muSaTa klasis da demokratiis winaaRmdeg, me vambob
qalaqis TvTmmarTvelobazed, romelzedac aq iyo laparaki, da arse­
biTad es SekiTxva unda yofiliyo Setanili sabWoSi, radgan es daad­
gina sabWom, romelic aris arCeuli demokratiuli wesiT. da es sabWo
Tu ar daeyrdno b-n zurabovis moTxovnilebas, romelic iq brZande­
boda, ver daeyrdno maTi damcvelebis b-n Sengelaias da misi jgufis
moTxovnilebas (xmauroba). (zari).
Tavis Tavad cxadia, aq ar aris araviTari darRveva arc social­
izmis, arc demokratizmis. me mgonia, rom b-n Sengelaias aseTi SekiTx­
va unda warmoedgina muSaTa klasisTvis da unda eTqva: ratom Tqven
mxars ar uWerT Cven gamofitul socializms da ratom frazis raxuni
ufro mniSvnelovanaT ar migaCniaT, vidre namdvili demokratiuli
muSaoba. da aseTi SekiTxvaze, muSaTa klasi TiTon miscemda pasuxs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanags.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagi p. WiWinaZe.

radganac zogierTi faqtiuri cnobebi exla Cven xelT ar aris, am­


itom pasuxi oficialurad iqneba gacemuli sami dRis Semdeg, e. i. Sem­
deg sxdomaze.
Tavmjdomare. Tanaxmad reglamentisa, uwyebis warmomadgenels
ufleba aqvs sami dRis vadiT isargeblos. maSasadame SekiTxva ga­
dadebuli iqneba Semdeg sxdomisTvis. e. i. paraskevisTvis.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

SekiTxva social-revoliucionerTa fraqciisa gzaTa


ministrisadmi Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze saxazino
qonebis datacebis Sesaxeb.

mdivani (kiTxulobs SekiTxvis teqsts).


aris Tu ara vinme winaaRmdegi siswrafisa? maSasadame, neba miboZ­
eT jer siswrafis damcvels mivce sityva. sityva ekuTvnis siswrafis
dasacvelad b-n Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia (s.-r.) batonebo Cven, ganvacxadeT, rom saswrafoT
unda iyos ganxiluli es SekiTxva, magram, vinaidan aq ori SekiTxva
aris da orive saswrafo aris...
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, gTxovT cota xma maRla brZanoT. ar ismis!

557
l. Sengelaia. Cven SemovitaneT ori SekiTxva da rogorc moismineT
pirvelzedac pasuxi ar migviRia jer. marTalia, esec saswrafo aris,
magram jer radganac pirvel saswrafoT SekiTxvaze pasuxi ar mogvis­
menia, amitom am SekiTxvis siswrafes vxsni.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, siswrafe moxsnili aris. SekiTxva iqneba
ganxiluli Cveulebrivis wesiT. aq rCeba ukanaskneli sakiTxi.

saboloo teqsti kanonisa xazinis Semosavlis


gasaZliereblad zogierT zomebis miRebisa.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri b-ni arseniZe.


r. arseniZe. b-bo, is kanoni, romlebic Cven miviReT xazinis Semo­
savlis gasaZliereblad, metad did mniSvnelovani kanonia. man unda
gaaumjobesos da warmoayenos Cveni finansiuri mdgomareoba da
swored amitom me Zalian gancvifrebuli davrCi, rodesac saredaqcio
komisiaSi am kanon-proeqtisa verc Tavi gavigeT da verc bolo.
samwuxarod, es Cveni Cveuleba aris. kanon-proeqtebis Sedgena is­
eTi naucbaTevi da iseTi nafusfusebi aris, rom misi azri SeiZleba mx­
olod ganmartebidan gavigoT. aseTi ganmarteba iqneba xolme komisi­
aSi, da Semdeg, am ganmartebis mixedviT, saredaqcio komisia mis axal
teqsts adgens. saredaqcio komisias swored aseTi samuSao daatyda
Tavs. is iZulebuli gaxda, dawyebuli pirvel muxlidan ukanasknel
muxlamdis yvela muxlebi Seecvala sityva sityviT, xelaxlad Seedgi­
na, SeemuSavebina da ise warmoedgina Tqvens winaSe.
me imedi maqvs, rom momavalSi mainc aseT garemoebas adgili ar
eqneba da kanon-proeqti ufro SemuSavebuli da Tavis teqstiT ufro
sisworiT gamoxatul azrs da Sinaars warmoadgens da ara iseTs, ro­
melsac aq adgili hqonda.
ai, am imediT Seudgebi am kanon-proeqtis ganxilvas (saboloo te­
qsti kanonisa muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT moisminoT dRiuri wesrigi Semdeg sxdomisa.
mdivani (kiTxulobs _ Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. krebas vxurav.
kreba ixureba naSuadRevis 2 saaTsa da 50 wuTze.

558
pirTa saZiebeli

a
abaSiZe ambrosi mixeilis-Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 346
abaSiZe haidar (haidarbeg) alibegis Ze (s. d.) _ sanjay-beg aba­
SiZeTa STamomavali, sazogado moRvawe da publicisti, pedagogi.
swavla daiwyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis baTumis skolaSi. 1905-1908 swavlobda osmaleTSi, Sem­
deg dabrunda baTumSi da 1912 daamTavra saqalaqo saswavlebeli.
1913 maswavleblobda. aqveynebda werilebs qarTul presaSi samxreT
saqarTvelosa da aWarisw mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, osmalTa mier Zal­
iT gamahmadianebul qarTvelebSi aRvivebda erovnul TviTSegnebas,
ilaSqrebda panTurqizmisa da panislamizmis winaaRmdeg. pirveli
msoflio omis dros xalxs ganumartavda omis namdvil miznebs. misi
iniciativiT gaixsna aWaraSi qarTuli skolebi. iyo social-demokra­
tiuli partiis aqtiuri wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri
1918 wlidan, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 1919 wlidan, aqtiur monaw­
ileobas iRebda axalcixis konfliqtis mogvarebasa da baTumis olqis
sakiTxis daregulirebaSi. 1918-1920 ww. „samuslimano saqarTvelos“
ganmaTavisuflebeli komitetis aqtiuri wevri. moiTxovda memamulu­
ri miwaTmflobelobis likvidacias da glexebisaTvis miwis usasyid­
lod gadacemas 106, 154
adeiSvili _ quTaisis sisxlis samarTlis miliciis ufrosi, sa­idumlo
miliciis ufrosi 310, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 359, 399, 432,
446, 447, 448, 451, 452, 456, 459
aTabegovi server-begi _ generali, warmoSobiT qarTveli, iyvnen
gvarad jayeli. serverbeg aTabegis mama iyo axalcixis faSa. ruseTma
gadmoibira es faSa, da misca tituli – princ qoblianski adigenski da
daarqves gvari aTabegov. e. i. mama begebisa, Turqulad aTa – mamaa. 164,
180, 304
alahi _ RmerTis saxeli islamSi 510
aleqsandre III _ ruseTis imperatori 1881-1894 wlebSi, romanovebis
dinastiidan. aleqsandre II-is Svili 409
aleqsi-mesxiSvili (mesxiSvili) Salva vladimeris Ze _ advokati,
politikuri da sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos socialist-fede­
ralistTa partiis erT-erTi lideri. 1902-1904 ww-Si odesis univer­
sitetSi swavlobda, saidanac studentTa revoluciur moZraobaSi
monawileobisTvis garicxes. 1909 daamTavra xarkovis universitetis

559
iuridiuli fakulteti. 1910 wels TbilisSi advokatoba daiwyo.
1917-1918 ww.-Si saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, imave wlebSi
amierkavkasiis komisariatis iusticiis ministri (komisari), damou­
kidebeli saqarTvelos pirveli koaliciuri mTavrobis iusticiis min­
istri. 1919-1921 ww.-Si damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 38, 59, 77, 79, 80, 109,
156, 305, 306, 353, 433, 435, 436, 437, 439, 485, 486, 509, 510, 511, 515
andronikaSvili konstantine manuelis (emanuelis) Ze _ so­ci­­al-
demokrati, Jurnalisti, swavlobda moskovis universitetis iurid­
iul fakultetze, Semdgom gadavida imave fakultetis kievis univer­
sitetSi. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis (saxelmwifo
kontrolioris amxanagi (moadgile)), 1918 wels Sedioda erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wlis Tebervlidan iyo damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT) 61, 106, 155, 363
anjafariZe giorgi nestoris Ze _ iuristi, advokati, 1905 wlidan
rsdmp-s wevri. swavlobda moskovis universitetSi. 1917 wlis Teberv­
lis revoluciis Semdeg iyo baTumis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputa­
tebis sabWos Tavmjdomare. 1917 wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1918 wlis Tebervlidan amierkavkasiis sei­
mis wevria, 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli mu­
SaTa partiis siiT. iyo krebis sabiujeto safinanso komisiis wevri;
1920 wels arCeul iqna baTumis qalaqisTavad; monawileobas iRebda
1924 wlis ajanyebaSi 51, 65, 107, 163, 182, 184, 354, 367, 369, 482, 483, 498,
525, 526, 531, 533
arTmelaZe daviT adamis Ze _ generali, daamTavra Tbilisis qveiT
iunkerTa saswavlebeli (pirveli TanrigiT). 1918-1921 wlebSi msax­
urobda saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. 1920-1921 wlebSi sard­
lobda qarTuli armiis pirvel brigadas, romlis Stabic soxumSi
iyo da icavda afxazeTis mimarTulebas. 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi
meTaurobda gagris mxridan SemoWril me-9 wiTeli armiis winaaRmdeg
mebrZol SenaerTebs. 1921 wlis martSi baTumidan general mazniaS­
vilTan erTad gandevna qemalistebi 304, 305
aristotele _ Zveli berZeni filosofosi da mecnieri, enciklope­
disti, platonis moswavle, aleqsandre makedonelis aRmzrdeli 18
arseniZe raJden maTes Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, iuristi, publi­
cisti. quTaisis sasuliero seminariis dasrulebis Semdeg swavlob­
da iurievis (tartus) universitetis iuridiul fakultetze. qarT­
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis quTaisis
ganyofilebis namdvili wevri, erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokrati.monawileoba miiRo 26 maisis aqtis
SemuSavebis procesSi. aqtiur saqmianobas eweoda partiis centra­lur

560
komitetSi. garkveuli periodi muSaobda partiis mTavari periodu­
li organos _ gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtorad. 1919 wlis TebervalSi
arCeul iqna saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, sadac ikaveb­
da iuridiuli da sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris posts, 1921
wlis saqarTvelos konstituciis ZiriTadi principebi swored misi
SemuSavebulia. 1920 wlis 2 ianvridan oficialurad daikava demokra­
tiuli respublikis iusticiis ministris posti, iyo araerTi samar­
Tlebrivi reformis avtori, iniciatori 27, 28, 33, 34, 38, 41, 51, 55, 58,
60, 61, 67, 68, 77, 97, 114, 117, 118, 134, 139, 140, 143, 145, 155, 157, 188, 195,
199, 200, 212, 218, 221. 226, 235, 237, 238, 241, 249, 256, 261, 268, 270, 273,
280, 285, 286, 311, 312, 320, 323, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 342, 355, 359, 360,
362, 379, 380, 382, 384, 394, 397, 398, 425, 437, 443, 495, 496, 497, 499, 505,
509, 511, 512, 515, 520, 521, 522, 524, 525, 529, 554, 558
asaTiani aleqsandre samsonis Ze _ (erovnul.-dem.) iuristi, Jur­
nalisti, swavlobda moskovis komerciul institutSi ekonomikis
specialobiT, daasrula peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli
fakulteti. erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZne­
beli, mTavari komitetis wevri. 1918 wlidan erovnuli sabWos wev­
ri, arCeuli iyo adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis
komisiis mdivnad, safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis wevrad, 1919 wli­
dan saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatia, sxva wevrebTn er­
Tad warmoadgenda edp-s fraqcias. yrilobaze airCies Tavmjdomaris,
spiridon kedias, moadgiled. Sedioda krebis sabiujeto-safinanso,
Sromis, agrarul da sameurneo komisiebSi 52, 61, 108, 110, 112, 156, 200,
207, 210, 211, 221, 223, 224, 247, 248, 249
auStrovi ruben giorgis Ze – (social-demokrati), muSaTa aRmas­
rulebeli komitetis wevri, saxalxo gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli
da mTvari Stabis mdivani, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis xmosani 107, 155
axvledianebi _ jariskacebi 350
axvlediani _ leCxumis mazris mcxovrebi 350
axmetelaSvili vladimer giorgis Ze (axmeteli) _ damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi germaniaSi. qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gudauTisa da
Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 106
axmetelaSvili siko (simon) giorgis Ze (axmeteli) _ oficeri,
samxedro eqimi, erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919 wlidan saqa­
rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevri saqarTvelos social-demorati­
uli muSaTa partiidan, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoebis wevri 108, 155

561
b
badriZe ilia giorgis Ze – 1902 w. rsdmp Tbilisis komitetis wev­
ri, aralegaluri stambebis Seqmnis monawile. 1905 wels monawileo­
da avWalaSi bombebis damamzadebeli saxelosnos mowyobaSi. badriZe
aseve iyo sagangebo sasamarTlos wevri. monawileoba miiRo saqarT­
velos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi.
1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokrati­
uli muSaTa partiis siiT 107, 154
bakuraZe vasil zurabis Ze _ rsdm partiis menSevikuri fraqciis
wevri, 1919 w. TebervalSi saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSa­
Ta partiis siiT arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 108
baraTaSvili iese (ioseb, osiko) aleqsandres Ze. (soc. fed.)
_ advokati, sazogado da politikuri moRvawe, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. daamTavra peter­
burgis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. saqarTvelos social­
ist-federalistTa partiis liderTagani, partiis mTavari komitetis
wevri, 1918 wlis maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnu­
li sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. miuxedavad imisa, rom emxrobo­
da saqarTelos federaciul mowyobas, mxari dauWira saqarTvelos,
rogorc unitaruli sistemis saxelmwifos aucileblobas; asrulebda
iusticiis ministris movaleobas, 1919-1921 ww.-Si iyo damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri da soc. fed. fraqciis warmomadgeneli; iyo `saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis sakonstitucio safuZvlebis Semd­
geni komisiis“ wevri, aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos pirveli
konstituciis meTeqvsmete Tavis „saxelmwifo da eklesia“ SemuSavebis
procesSi 50, 60, 61, 66, 70, 71, 109, 112, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 133,
134, 143, 150, 154, 185, 186, 193, 194, 195, 198, 211, 216, 220, 230, 233, 235,
259, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326
beriSvili pavle abramis Ze _ social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti­
is wevri, profkavSirebis sabWos wevri, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
108, 527
biuli pavle iakobis Ze _ social-demokrati (menSevikuri fraqcia),
pedagogi. ganaTleba miiRo specializebul germanul saswavlebelSi
besarabiis guberniaSi. pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda saqarTve­
loSi arsebul germanul koloniebSi, maT Soris daba elisavetalSi
(sof. asureTi). damoukideblobis periodSi aqtiurad moRvaweobda
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasa da germanel mosaxleobas So­
ris urTierTobaSi. 1919 wlis Tebervlidan saqarTvelos damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri. iyo krebis agraruli da saxalxo ganaTlebis komis­
iebis wevri 108, 154, 200
bolqvaZe (nakaSiZe) elisabed iosebis asuli _ partiuli met­
saxelebi: „Tamara“ „misko“, xvaramze“. politikosi, social-demokra­

562
tiuli partiis wevri, menSeviki. ganaTleba tfilisis qalTa gimnazia­
Si miiRo. 1904 w-dan Caeba revoluciur moZraobaSi. iyo guriis qalTa
organizaciis Tavmjdomare (1905) da sdp guriis komitetis wevri
(1907). 1907-1917 ww-Si revolucionerobisTvis gasaxlebuli iyo kavka­
siidan. 1917 w-is Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg airCies guriis qalTa
sazogadoebis Tavmjdomared. (1919-1921) iyo saqarTvelos demokra­
tiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri,
Sedioda krebis Sromisa da momaragebis komisiebSi. sabWoTa ruseTis
mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg darCa samSobloSi da SeuerTda
antisabWoTa moZraobas 108, 154
bruneviCi _ generali, denikinis warmomadgeneli 281
burduli _ erovnul-demokratebis partiis warmomadgeneli 450, 453

g
gagloevi giorgi aleqsis Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlobda goris
sasulieri seminariaSi da germaniaSi sainJinro saswavlebelSi. 1903
wlidan da ruseTis social-demokratiuli partiis wevri. mogvianebiT
gaerTianda ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis menSevike­
bis fraqciaSi. publikaciebs aqveynebda rogoc rusul, aseve qarTul
presaSic. CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, kerZod armavirSi, daaarsa „Sromis
birJa“. 1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg g. gagloevi xdeba armaviris mu­
SaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos Tavmjdomare. amave wels igi
gaxda saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri. 1919 wels damfuZnebeli
krebis arCevnebSi monawileobda saqarTvelos social-­demokratiuli
partiis saxeliT da arCeul iqna damfuZnebel krebaSi 107
gegeWkori evgeni petres-Ze _ politikuri, saxelmwifo da sa­zogado
moRvawe, qarTuli social-demokratiis erT-erTi lideri, iuristi.
daamTavra moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. aqti­
urad monawileobda studentur moZraobaSi. iyo qarTvel studentT
saTvistomos ucvleli Tavmjdomare. 1903 gawevrianda rsdmp-Si. par­
tiaSi momxdari ganxeTqilebis dros e. gegeWkorma menSevikebis mx­
are daikava. 1907-1912 ww-Si iyo III mowvevis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros
deputati quTaisis guberniidan da social-demokratiuli fraqciis
erT-erTi lideri, k. CxeiZesTan erTad. icavda poloneTisa da fine­
Tis saxelmwifoebriv uflebebs, sistematurad TanamSromlobda so­
cial-demokratiul gamomcemlobebTan. mWidrod TanamSromlobda
antantis blokis diplomatebTan. iyo moTave kavkasiuri (somxeT-saqa­
rTvelo-azerbaijan-mTielebis) konferenciebisa. man araerTxel iTa­
maSa Suamavlis roli somxebsa da azerbaijanelebs Soris. miaCnda ra,
rom erTiani kavkasia iyo damoukideblobis dacvis mTavari piroba.
iyo pirveli respublikis sagareo saqmeTa (1918-1919) da iusticiis
ministri (12 marti, 1921), amierkavkasiis komisariatis Tavmjdomare,

563
amierkavkasiis mTavrobis (seimis) Tavmjdomare, ruseTis saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros deputati. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoebis wevri 72, 73, 106, 271, 279, 286, 390, 486, 489
gedevaniSvili ioseb (soso) konstantines Ze _ socialist-fede­
ralistTa partiis wevri, samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, (saqar­
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis samxedro ministris amxanagi,
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali, generali-maiori) ruseT-­
iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio omebis monawile. qarTuli saarmio
korpusis Seqmnis erT-erTi iniciatori da xelZRvaneli; 1918 wels
saqar­Tvelo-somxeTis omebis dros mTavarsardlis posti ekava. 1918
wlidan erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1919 wlis martidan damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri. 1918-1921 ww-Si i. gedevaniSvili qarTul samxedro sko­
laSi sam­xedro istorias aswavlida. iyo afxazeTisa da Saviz­Rvis­
pireTis qar­Tuli garnizonis sardali. 1921 wlidan borCalos mazris
qarTuli garnizonis sardali. ruseT saqarTvelos 1921 wlis Teber­
val-martSi i. gedevaniSvili samxreTisa da samxreT-aRmosavleTis
frontis sardlad dainiSna. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg saqarTveloSi
darCa 109, 170, 200, 240
geleiSvili petre pavles Ze _ social-demokrati, mTavrobis war­
momadgeneli. daamTavra quTaisis saqalaqo saswavlebeli. Tanam­
Sromlobda peterburgis social-demokratiul organoebSi: „novoe
slovo“, „naCalo“, „Jizn“, sadac amierkavkasiis ganyofilebas gana­
gebda. 1903-05 ww.-Si iyo baqos saqalaqo TviTmmarTvelobis mdivani.
1918 wels gaxda amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos mi­
waTmoqmedebisa da Sromis ministris moadgile, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis samtrediis ganyofilebi­
sa da Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri 107
gelovani _ erovnul-demokratebis partiis warmomadgeneli 450, 453
gernSteini (bernSteini) erik adolfis Ze _ maswavlebeli, 1919
wlis Tebervlidan saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevri so­
cial-demokratiuli patriis siiT. krebaSi iyo momaragebis komisiis
wevri da safinanso komisiis mdivani. aqtiur rols TamaSobda ger­
maniasTan ekonomikuri da politikuri kavSirebis damyarebaSi 106
gvazava giorgi beJanis Ze _ iuristi, mwerali, mTargmneli, publi­
cisti, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. daamTavra moskovis saimperatoro universitetis iuridiuli
fakulteti. muSaobda advokatad, TanamSromlobda qarTul da ru­
sul presaSi. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-er­
Ti damfuZnebeli; 1917 wels Sedioda amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebul
komitetTan Seqmnil erovnebaTa sabWos SemadgenlobaSi; 1917 wels aq­
tiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos erovnuli yrilobis muSaobaSi,

564
airCies erovnuli sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevrad; 1919 wlidan iyo
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, edp-is saparlamento fraqciis lideri,
sakonstitucio komisiis wevri da mdivani, konstituciis saredaqcio
komisiis wevri, aseve Sedioda krebis (parlamentis) sareglamento
da sagareo saqmeTa komisiebSi. 1920 wels gamosca naSromi „ZiriTadi
principebi sakonstitucio uflebisa“ 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 51, 52, 59, 60, 61,
67, 68, 70, 71, 78, 79, 108, 128, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 142, 152, 153, 154, 155,
172, 179, 182, 215, 217, 220, 221, 222, 233, 254, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,
269, 270, 283, 326, 329, 342, 345, 351, 355, 359, 361, 379, 385, 429, 454, 458,
484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 511, 518
gvaramaZe Tavaz-yadir mamac-guli oRli (gvaramaZe osman Savyi)
_ qarTveli mahmadiani, social-demokrati, rsdmp-is menSevikuri
­frTis­ wevri. 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, axalcixis miwis muSaTa deputatTa sabWos
wevri, axalcixis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ikavebda calsaxad proqar­
Tul orientacias. 1919 wels redaqtorobda gazeT „ganaxlebul mes­
xeTs“ 108, 307, 308
gvarjalaZe konstantine iagoris Ze _ eqimi, diplomati, poli­
tikuri da sazogado moRvawe, social-demokrati, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 1918-1921 ww.-Si.
umaRlesi ganaTleba SveicariaSi miiRo, swavlobda medicinas, sazo­
gadoebriv mecnierebasa da filosofias. iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa
ministris moadgile; 1921-1924 ww.-Si iyo konstantinopolSi saqarT­
velos mTavrobis rwmunebuli da saTvistomos xelmZRvaneli; 1920-30-
ian wlebSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda socialisturi internacio­
nalis muSaobaSi, rogorc qarTuli seqciis warmomadgeneli 106
gvetaZe arqipo daviTis-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
gvetaZe bagrati giorgis-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 346
giorgaZe andria meTodes-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
giorgaZe grigol timoTes Ze (kimoTes Ze) _ politikosi, istoriko­
si, iuristi, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero seminaria,
swavlobda tartusa da odesis universitetebSi. 1909 daamTavra xar­
kovis univeristetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1905-1920 ww-Si iyo so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri. 1909-1910 ww.-Si _ gaz. „fonis“
redaqtor-gamomcemeli (quTaisi). 1918 wlis aprilSi dainiSna amierka­
vkasiis federaciuli respublikis samxedro ministrad. 1918 wlis 26
maiss damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg dainiSna samxedro minis­
trad, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan,
1920 wels dainiSna baTumis olqSi mTavrobis warmomadgenlad. qarT­
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, quTai­
sis guberniis komisari 106, 155, 280, 301, 354, 410, 478, 479, 491, 507, 526

565
giorgaZe maqsime nikos-Ze _ okribis mcxovrebi 347
giorgobiani _ yaCaRi 349
gobeCia ivane pavles Ze. (s. r.) _ socialist-revolucioneri, nafici
veqili. ganaTleba peterburgis universitetSi miiRo, sa­dac iurid­
iuli fakulteti daamTavra. ruseTis socialist-revolucionerTa
partiaSi saqmianobas peterburgis muSaTa organizaciebSi eweoda.
iyo quTaisis sagubernio aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tav­­mjdomaris
moadgile, quTaisis muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris
moadgile,kavkasiis jariskacTa samxareo sabWos wevri, quTaisis gu­
berniis komisari, kavkasiis jariskacTa sabWoebis yrilobebis del­
egati.monawileobda saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul yrilobaSi da
xelmZRvanelobda yrilobis erovnuli sakiTxis seqciis muSaobas.
erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917-1921 ww., saqarTvelos respublikis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele­
beli sazogadoebis wevri 36, 37, 42, 52, 59, 60, 61, 68, 103, 109, 131, 136,
157, 200, 266, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 286, 287, 328, 345, 378, 379, 385, 386,
395, 396, 422, 433, 434, 435, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 509, 511, 512,
517, 519, 520
gobeCia ioseb pavles Ze. _ saqarTvelos socialist-revoluciuri
partiis (eserebis) erT-erTi meTuri, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo­
sa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri eserTa partiidan. socia­list-
revolucionerT sapalamento fraqciis Tavmjdomare da partiis cen­
traluri komitetis wevri 109, 156
gogiCaiSvili filipe gabrielis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moR­
vawe, ekonomikis mecierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos mecnierebis dam­
saxurebuli moRvawe, qarTuli ekonomikuri skolis erT-erTi fuZemde­
beli. daamTavra laipcigis universitetis filosofiis fakultetis
ekonomikis ganyofileba filosofiis doqtoris xarisxiT (1901).
1905-1906 ww.-Si redaqtorobda gazeT „iverias“, sxvadasxva dros iyo
Tbilisis saqalaqo saTaTbiros, kavkasiis soflis meurneobis sazoga­
doebis statistikuri biuros xelmZRvaneli (1903-1913 ww.), sruliad
ruseTis saerobo kavSiris rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi (1914-1916),
kaxeTis rkinigzis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare (1917-1918). saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo kontroliori anu ministri
(1918-1920 ww.-Si), Tbilisis universitetis erT-erTi damaarsebeli,
erovnuli krebisa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 42, 362, 370, 371
gogoli nikoloz vasilis Ze (rus. Николай Васильевич Гоголь) _
ukraineli-rusi mwerali, Tanamedrove rusuli realizmis mama 452
goTua _ qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli 546

566
gomarTeli ivane gedevanis Ze _ eqimi, mwerali, publicisti, kri­
tikosi. swavlobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro saswavlebelSi, Semdeg
1894 w. oqros medliT daamTavra Tbilisis me-2 gimnazia. amave wels
Cairicxa moskovis saimperatoro universitetis samedicino fakulte­
tze. paralelurad, Seudga fsiqologiis, istoriis, literaturis,
filosofiis Seswavlas da daiwyo publicisturi moRvaweoba. igi
TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi _ „iveriaSi“, „kvalSi“, „jejil­
sa“ da „moambeSi“, aqveynebda mxatvrul da istoriul-publicistur
statiebs. 1906 wels ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo saTaTbiros dep­
utatad airCies social-demokratiuli partiidan. man gansakuTre­
buli politikuri aqtiuroba 1917 w-dan daiwyo. iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, (social-demokratiuli partia), „mesame dasis“ wevri,
„alioneli“). mmarTveli social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi ga­
morCeuli ideologi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis gamgeobis wevri 61, 108, 155
gonaSvili dimitri mixeilis Ze _ saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiidan. 1923 wlidan ko­
munisturi partiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce­
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri. – 107.
goqaZe andria _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
goqaZe giorgi _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
goqaZe vasili andrias Ze _ sofel okribis mcxovrebi 347
guruli zaqaria daviTis Ze _ social-demokrati, eweoda Jurna­
listur moRvaweobas, werda social-demokratiul presaSi: „Cveni
sityva“, „cxovrebis sarke“, „wyaro“ da sxv. misi werilebis didi naw­
ili muSaTa problemebs exeboda. social-demokratiul partiaSi gan­
xeTqilebis dros menSevikebs miemxro da am poziciaze darCa sicocxlis
bolomdeerovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan; 1919 wlidan damfuZne­
beli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, saxalxo gvar­
diis Stabis wevri. muSaobda social-demokratiuli partiis centra­
lur komitetSi 107, 155, 363, 368, 444, 445, 475, 476, 478, 479, 482
gurjua vasil giorgis Ze – social-demokrati, 1902 wlidan CaerTo
ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi da gaxda ruseTis social-demokra­
tiuli partiis „menSevikuri“ fraqciis wevri. 1905 wels aqtiurad
monawileobda revoluciur moZraobaSi afxazeTSi, gudauTaSi. saqa­
rTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg, delegirebuli iyo
afxazeTSi avtonomiuri mmarTvelobis Camosayalibeblad. iyo seimis
deputati, afxazeTis erovnuli sabWos wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 107

567
d
davaraSvili mose raxamis Ze _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (so­
cial-demokratiuli partia), rabini. profesiiT maswavlebeli iyo.
moRvaweobda quTaisSi. 1917 wels saqarTvelos erovnul krebaSi war­
moadgenda saqarTvelos ebraelobas; iyo 1918 wlis 26 maisis saqarTve­
los damoukideblobis aqtis erT-erTi xelmomweri. 1919 w-is Teberval­
Si social-demokratiuli partiis siiT airCies damfuZnebeli krebis
wevradsxva ebrael deputatebTan erTad, mxars uWerda im kanonebis
miRebas, romelic icavda ebraelTa erovnul interesebs. dawyebiT sas­
wavleblebSi „Toras“ swavlebasTan erTad, eweoda religiur da sazo­
gadoebriv moRvaweobas qarTvel ebraelTa Soris 107, 154, 155
dgebuaZe aleqsandre ivanes Ze _ muSa, 1919 wels Sedgenili anke­
tis ganaTlebis grafaSi miTiTebuli aqvs: _ Sinauri, dabali ganaT­
leba; 1917 wlis dekemberSi iyo saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis erT-­
erTi damaarsebeli da organizatori; arCeuli iyo saxalxo gvardiis
mTavari Stabis wevrad; uSualod monawileobda saxalxo gvardiis
sabrZolo operaciebSi. 1917 wels airCies saqarTvelos damoukide­
beli respublikis erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1919 wels damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partiidan), iyo Tavdacvis min­
istris mrCeveli. aqtiurad monawileobda qarTuli jaris organize­
bisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis gaweul RonisZiebebSi. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis borjomis da Tbilisis
ganyofilebebis wevri 106, 155
denikini anton ivanes Ze _ rusi generali, mxedarTmTavari, TeTri
moZraobis lideri.1917 april-maisSi iyo umaRlesi mTavarsardlis
Stabis ufrosi, Semdeg – dasavleTis da samxreT-dasavleTis fron­
tebis sardali. i. 1918 Semodgomaze gaxda „samxreT ruseTis Sei­
araRebuli Zalebis“ mTavarsardali da ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTvelis
admiral a. kolCakis moadgile. denikini icavda „mTliani da ganuy­
ofeli“ ruseTis principebs da ar cnobda carizmis damxobis Semdeg
aRmocenebul damoukidebel erTeulebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos; pre­
tenzias acxadebda mTel samx. qonebaze, romelic omis dros amierka­
vkasiaSi dagrovda. moiTxovda dauyovnebliv gadaecaT ruseTisTvis
TviT afxazeTi. misi samxreTis dasayrdeni amierkavkasiaSi e. w. „rusTa
erovnuli sabWo“ iyo. sakuTari Sesakrebi biuroebis meSveobiT de­
nikinma moxaliseTa armiaSi gasawvevad marto TbilisSi 4000-ze meti
oficeri aRricxa 67, 173, 180, 271, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282,
284, 285, 286, 288, 305, 388, 392, 393, 407, 410, 414, 415, 421, 423, 424, 440,
458, 510
didbariZe maqsime sofromis Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347
don kixoti _ migel de servantes saavedras nawarmoebis „maxvilgon­
ieri idalgo don kixot lamanCelis“ gmiri 282

568
e
eliava nikoloz zurabis Ze _ iuristi da Jurnalisti, advokati.
daasrula moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1898-1917
wlebSi iyo rsdmp-is wevri bolSevikTa fraqciidan, 1917 wlidan men­
SevikTa fraqciis wevri, monawileobda revoluciur moZraobaSi, iyo
mgznebare marqsisti. erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri, saxalxo meurneobis umaRlesi sabWos ekonomisti, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT), Tbilisis qalaq­
is mouravi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis namdvili wevri. Tbilisis ganyofilebis wevri 50, 51, 61, 65,
106, 131, 154, 174
eligulaSvili ioseb aaronis Ze _ daamTavra quTaisis realu­
ri saswavlebeli da moskovis komerciuli instituti. saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo moRvawe, iyo sagareo vaW­
robis komitetis, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri. misi faqsimile dafiqsirebulia saqarTvelos damou­
kideblobis aRdgenis aqtze. iyo saqarTvelos dr-is finansTa da vaW­
roba-mrewvelobis ministris moadgile. Sedioda dasavleT evropis
qveynebSi gagzavnili samTavrobo delegaciebis SemadgenlobaSi, rom­
lebic saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamosworebis mizniT
sagareo valis aRebas cdilobdnen. 1920 wels dainiSna saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis ekonomikur warmomadgenlad parizsa da roterdamSi,
ris gamoc gaTavisuflda damfuZnebeli krebis wevrobidan. gasabWoe­
bis Semdeg qveynis erovnuli saganZuris mcvelis, eqvTime TayaiSvi­
lis TanaSemwed dainiSna. misi xelSewyobiT SeiZina saqarTvelos
devnilma mTavrobam parizTan axlos, daba levilSi mdebare mamuli
da sasaxle (1922). iyo emigrant qarTvel ebraelTa asociaciis Tavmj­
domare. safrangeTis okupaciis periodSi (1940-1944ww.) gavlenian qa­
rTvel emigrantebTan erTad mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qarTveli
ebraelebis gadarCenaSi 61, 108, 154, 433, 527
elini _ miTologiis Tanaxmad, elinTa miTiuri winapari. eladas
eponimi 106, 505
emuxvari arzayan (dimitri) konstantines Ze _ swavlobda quTai­
sis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac Caeba revoluciur moZraobaSi da
dauaxlovda qarTvel nacionalistebs da mesamedaselebs. „soxumis
respublikis“ lideri (1905). afxazi politikuri moRvawe, afxaze­
Tis mTavrobisa da saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos damZ­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (1919-1921 ww.). igi proqarTuli orientaciis
afxazi lideri iyo da misi Zalisxmevis Sedegad miiRo 1919 wlis 20
marts arCeulma afxazeTis saxalxo sabWom dadgenileba avtonomiuri
statusiT saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis SemadgenlobaSi
afxazeTis Sesvlis Sesaxeb 108

569
eno emil _ I msoflio omis monawile rumineTis frontze, saf­rangeTis
armiis kapitani, xelmZRvanelobda safrangeTis saidumlo samsaxurs
ukrainaSi. frangi vice-konsuli kievSi gansakuTrebuli uflebamo­
silebiT da konsuli odesaSi. 1918-1919 ww. rusofili. TeTrdvard­
ielTa momxre. iasis (rumineTi) TaTbiris Catarebis erT-­erTi inicia­
tori 403
eraZe giorgi pavles Ze _ rsdmp-s baTumisa da Tbilisis komitetebis
wevri, iyo rsdmp londonis (1907) yrilobis delegati tfilisis or­
ganizaciidan. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg iyo tfili­
sis muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile. 1917
wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1919
wels _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partiis
siiT), 1918-1919 ww. iyo Sromis ministris moadgile, 1919 wlis bolos
dainiSna Sromisa da momaragebis ministrad da daevala sasursaTo
krizisis daZlevisTvis muSaoba. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam­
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106, 204, 553

v
vadaWkoria solomon ivanes Ze _ politikosi, muSaobda asoTam­
wyobad tipografiebSi. 1898 wels SeuerTda „mesame dass“. ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „menSevikebis“ fraqciis wev­
ri, 1901 w-dan 1908 wlamde iyo rsdmp-is Tbilisis komitetis wevri.
aralegalur gazeT „dilas“ pasuxismgebeli redaqtori. saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa (1918 w.) da dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (social demokratiuli partiis saTadarigo
siiT 1919 wlis maisidan.) Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani. demokra­
tiuli respublikis mTvrobis topografiis gamge. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 358
vardoianci mikiC karapetis Ze _ ganaTleba Tbilisis saxelosno sas­
wavlebelSi miiRo. rsdmp-s wevri 1898 wlidan, 1905 wli­dan menSeviki,
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokrati­
uli partia). wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri; sax­
alxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevri. okupaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo
winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 106
vilsoni Tomas vudro _ politikosi, amerikis SeerTebuli Sta­
tebis 28-e prezidenti (1913--21 ww), nobelis samSvidobo premiis lau­
reati (1919) 405

z
zaxarovi dimitri vasilis Ze _ iuristi, swavlobda moskovis uni­
versitetSi, iuridiul fakultetze. is aseve iricxeboda moskov­
is sasamarTlo palataSi moskovis olqis nafic veqilTa siaSi. 1910

570
w-dan veqilad daiwyo muSaoba soxumSi, Semdeg ki soxumis olqis ko­
misari gaxda. 1919 wels arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT 108
zurabovi arSak _ seimis deputati. social-demokrati, qalaq
Tbilisis mosaxleobis warmomadgeneli ruseTis II saxelmwifo duma­
Si, 1917 w-is 11 ivnisis rsdmp (menSevikebis) amierkavkasiis VI yriloba­
ze arCeul iqna amierkavkasiis social-demokratiuli organizaciebis
saolqo komitetis wevrad 557
zurabovi nerses _ jariskaci, 1918 wels mivlinebuli iyo muSaTa,
glexTa da jariskacTa deputatebis komitetSi 557

T
TayaiSvili eqvTime svimonis Ze _ (wminda eqvTime RvTiskaci), qarT­
veli mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, akademikosi, Tbili­
si saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. ozurgeTis sa­
mazro saswavleblisa da quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis dasrulebis
Semdeg, 1887 wels daamTavra peterburgis saimperatoro univer­
sitetis istoria-filologiis fakulteti, iqve moipova mecniere­
baTa kandidatis xarisxic. aqtiurad monawileobda, saqarTvelos
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis dafuZnebaSi, 1917 wels iyo saqarT­
velos pirveli erovnuli yrilobis delegati, gaxda sabWos wevri, uZ­
Rveboda sabWos sabiblioTeko komisias, 1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri, arCeuli iyo krebis Tavmjdomaris moadgiled, aseve
muSaobda damfuZnebeli krebis saxalxo ganaTlebis, xelovnebis komis­
iebSi. (erovnul-demokratiuli partia), qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, saqarTvelos saistorio
da saeTnografio sazogadoebis damaarsebeli da Tavmjdomare. misi
TaosnobiT dafuZnda saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi 15, 59, 63, 79, 108,
117, 153, 154, 156, 159, 187, 200, 201, 239, 251, 283, 291, 431, 469, 501, 527
Tevzaia biqtor vasilis Ze _ iuristi, qarTveli social-­de­mokrati,
revolucioneri, publicisti, Jurnalisti, (fsevdonimi „b. TeklaTe­
li“). daamTavra Jenevis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti, amave
universitetSi, rogorc privat-docenti, politikur ekonomiaSi
leqciebs kiTxulobda. 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi aqtiur
monawileobas iRebda foTsa da samegreloSi. 1917 airCies soc. dem.
partiis centralur komitetSi. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis periodSi iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri. damfuZnebel krebaSi muSaobda Sromis komisiaSi. 1918-1920 ww-Si
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis elCi ukrainis saxalxo re­
spublikaSi 106
TevzaZe sardion onisimes Ze _ ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo. 1904 wli­
dan Sedis ruseTis sdp (social-demokratiuli partia), 1917 wlidan

571
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg damfuZnebeli krebis wevria.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri.
1924 wlis ajanyebis monawile. saqarTvelos bolSevikuri okupaciis
Semdeg saqarTvelo ar dautovebia 108, 154, 200, 232, 532
TofuriZe diomide aleqsandres Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, so­
cial-demokrati, Jurnalisti, iuristi. umaRlesi ganaTleba Jenevis
da parizis iuridiul fakultetebze miiRo. erTxans iyo gaz. „kva­
lis“ redaqtori. Semdeg rusul gamocemebSi muSaobda saratovsa da
moskovSi. 1903 monawileoba miiRo rsdmp-is II yrilobaze da miemxro
menSevikebs. iyo amierkavkasiis da Semdeg saqarTvelos momaragebis
komitetis Tavmjdomare. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1919 wels airCies
quTisis qalaqis Tavad. 1919 wels muSaobda baTumSi saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis diplomatiuri misiis xelmZRvaneblad.
iyo CarTuli baTumSi myof inglisis warmomadgenlebTan molaparake­
bebSi, sadac ara erTxel daisva rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianobis, aseve,saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis de faqto
da de iure aRiarebis sakiTxi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam­
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 107, 345, 362

i
imnaiSvili nikifore besarionis Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlob­
da germaniaSi hales universitetis filosofiis fakultetze. 1904
SeuerTda rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. eweoda pedagogiur
saqmianobas. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg goris mazris
muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, 1918 wlidan erovnuli
sabWosa da 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokra­
tiuli partiis siiT. krebaSi saqmianobda ganaTlebis, sabiblioTe­
ko, sareglamento da safinanso-sabiujeto komisiebSi. iyo Tbilisis
erovnuli samxatvro galereis da foTis radiosadguris Seqmnis ini­
ciatori, 1920 wlidan social-demokratiuli, Sida opoziciis gazeT
„axali sxivis“ jgufis wevri. „sxivelebTan“ erTad moiTxovda parti­
isa da samTavrobo Tanamdebobebis SeuTavseblobis sakiTxis mogvare­
bas. 1921 w-is TebervalSi jgufi damfuZnebel krebaSi damoukidebel
social-demokratiul fraqciad Camoyalibda. sabWoTa ruseTis mier
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Semdeg darCa
saqarTveloSi. TanamoazreebTan erTad garkveuli periodi gamosce­
mda gaz. „axali sxivs“. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoebis xaSuris ganyofilebis namdvili wevri 60, 108, 154,
200, 473, 483
iremaSvili ioseb giorgis Ze _ pedagogi, politikosi, 1898 wli­
dan iyo rsdm partiis wevri. daamTavra goris sasuliero seminaria

572
da swavla Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi gaagrZela. aswavlida go­
ris sasuliero seminariaSi. 1911 w-s i. iremaSvili iakob gogebaSvil­
ma sakuTari xarjiT gagzavna kievSi saswavleblad, sadac daamTavra
kievis komerciuli instituti, misi moTxrobebi ibeWdeboda: „xoml­
Si“, „naperwkalSi“, „axal azrSi“, „Cven gazeTSi“ da sxva gamocemebSi.
1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli
partiis saTadarigo siidan), iyo duSeTis komisari. qarTvelTa So­
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. 1922 w-s bol­
Sevikebma daapatimres da sxva social-demokratebTan erTad qveynidan
gaasaxles. emigraciaSi yofnisas dawera wigni „stalini da saqarTve­
los tragedia’’, romelSic mwvaved akritikebda Tavis yofil megobar­
sa da Tanamoazres i. stalins 358, 527

k
kaizeri _ (germ. Kaiser, laT. caesar) _ imperatorTa saxelwodeba, german­
ul enaSi kaizeri aris imperatoris sinonimi. umravles sxva eneb­Si
ki kaizeri ufro xSirad ixmareba gaerTianebuli germaniis imperiis
(1871 _ 1918) („meore raixi“) imperatorebis misamarTiT 428
kalaZe ermaloz Tedores Ze _ social-demokrati, ganaTleba jer
ojaxSi, Semdeg ki soflis saswavlebelSi miiRo. 1905 wlidan iyo
rsdmp-s menSevikebis fraqciis wevri, 1919 wels airCies saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. 1917-1921 wlebSi iyo sax­
alxo gvardiis Sorapnis Stabis wevri 108, 155
kandelaki konstantine platonis Ze _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis saxelmwifo moRvawe, daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sem­
inaria da moskovis komerciuli instituti. iyo finansTa da vaWro­
ba-mrewvelobis ministris moadgile (1918-1919) da Semdeg (1919-1921)
ministri, didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis fulis niSnis (bonis) mimoqcevaSi SemoRebis mizaniT Catarebul
mosamzadebel samuSaoSi. misi faqsimile dafiqsirebuli iyo qarTuli
qaRaldis niSnis yvela nominalze. misi saqmianobis Sedegad im perio­
dis qarTuli maneTi mezobel qveynebTan SedarebiT stabilur kurss
inarCunebda. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis wevri 14, 73, 107, 338
kareci _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 546
kaciaSvili nikoloz aRdgomelis Ze _ social-demokratiuli
partiis wevri 1899 wlidan. saSualo ganaTleba Tbilisis saTavadaz­
nauro gimnaziaSi miiRo. monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluciaSi, 1907
wels monawileoba miiRo rsdmp-is londonis yrilobaSi, 1907 wels
arCeul iqna Tbilisis guberniidan ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros
mdivnad. 1919 wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi moipova wevris

573
mandati saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT,
Tumca krebis gaxsnamde moulodnelad gardaicvala 108
kaxiZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 452
kaxiZe _ yaCaRi 350, 351
kedia spiridon malxazis Ze _ publicisti, saqarTvelos erov­nul-
demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da Tav­mjdomare;
swavlobda sorbonis universitetSi, daamTavra monpelies universi­
teti da muSaobda fiziologiaSi doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad.
1917 wels Camoayaliba erovnul-demokratiuli partiis saorgani­
zacio mTavari komiteti; 1917 wels airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad,
monawileobda amierkavkasia-osmaleTis baTumis sazavo konferencia­
Si, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno da sakonstitucio komi­
siaSi; 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad; iyo sakon­
stitucio, TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis mudmivi
komisiebis wevri; parlamentSi Camoayaliba memarjvene opozicia da
mudmivad akritikebda xelisuflebis saqmianobis xarvezebs, miu­
TiTebda Secdomebze, gansakuTrebiT qveynis Tavdacvis ganmtkicebis
saqmeSi. misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT momzadda konstituciis Tavi
„saxelmwifo Tavdacva“. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce­
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 76, 77, 86, 108, 142, 156, 212, 244, 352,
382, 417, 453, 492, 512, 521, 554
kvaracxelia ioseb antonis Ze _ 1904 wlidan rsdmp-s menSevikuri
fraqciis wevri, dawyebiTi ganaTleba walenjixis soflis skolaSi
miiRo. 1905 wels revoluciisas politikur saqmianobas eweoda soxum­
Si; 1917 wels partiuli saqmianoba ganagrZo walenjixaSi, xelmZRvane­
lobda wiTel razmebs. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokraiuli muSa­
Ta partiis siiT 108
kvinitaZe giorgi ivanes Ze (namdvili gvari Ciqovani) _ gene­
rali, daamTavra jer Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi, Semdeg konstan­
tines samxedro saswavlebeli. ruseT-iaponiis 1904-1905 ww-is omis
monawile. msaxurobda aRmosavleT-cimbiris msrolelTa me-9 polk­
Si. kapitani (1905). 1910 1-li TanrigiT daamTavra generaluri Sta­
bis nikolozis saxelobis akademia. gagzavnil iqna me-16 grenaderTa
polkSi. 1911 kavkasiis samxedro olqis davalebaTa oberoficeria.
amave dros muSaobda samxedro saswavlebelSi. pirveli msoflio
omis monawile. podpolkovniki (1915). 1918-1921 ww-Si msaxurobda
saqarTvelos SeiraRebul ZalebSi. generali (1918). 1918 wels dain­
iSna respublikis jarebis mTavarsardlad da ministris TanaSemwed.
maleve gadadga da gaxda sadaxlo-Sulaveris frontis sardlis,
general mazniaSvilis savele Stabis ufrosi. 1919 samxedro Senaer­
Tebma misi meTaurobiT daamarcxes axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazraSi
mebrZoli separatistebi. ibrZoda e.w. „samxreT-dasavleT kavkasiis“

574
mTavrobis SeiaraRebuli formirebebis winaaRmdeg. gaaTavisufla
Zveli qarTuli mxare artaani. 1920 wlis aprilSi dainiSna saqarT­
velos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardlad. imave wlis 8 seqtem­
bers datova Tanamdeboba. 1921 wlis 16 Tebervals mesamed dainiS­
na qarTuli armiis mTavarsardlad. 18 Tebervlidan 24 Tebervlis
CaTvliT qarTuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi misi sardlobiT icavdnen
dedaqalaqs. iyo qarTuli samxedro skolis damaarsebeli da pirve­
li ufrosi 170, 171
kikaliSvili _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsa­xure. – 548.
kikvaZe Tevdore (Tedore) gabrielis Ze _ pedagogi, soci­al-­­
demokrati, daasrula Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. aqtiurad
werda Jurnal „kvalSi“, iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri, ganaTlebis muSakTa profesiuli kavSirisa
da ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebuli saskolo komitetis da sais­
torio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis wevri (1912 wlidan); qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisis ganyo­
filebis mudmivi wevri; saqarTvelos gasabWobis Semdeg, 1921 wlidan
muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis komisariatSi, samxedro kooperativSi,
leqciebs kiTxulobda qarTul enaSi samxatvro akademiaSi, rusul
enas aswavlida pedagogiur institutSi 52, 108, 154
kiRuraZe lavrenti (lavrosi) pavles Ze _ fizika-maTematikosi,
ganaTleba iurievis universitetSi miiRo. iyo rsdmp-s wevri, aqti­
urad monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi qalaq soxum­
Si. 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, iyo agraruli
da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiebis wevri. arCeuli iyo qalaq foTis
sabWos xmosnad da sabWos Tavmjdomared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 108, 154, 155
kobiaSvili _ sasamarTlos wevri 450
kovaliovi mixeil andrias Ze _ rsdmp-is wevri, 1917 wlidan Tbili­
sis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis aRmasrulebeli komitetis
wevri; saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT 106
kolCaki aleqsandre vasilis Ze _ saerTaSoriso antibolSevikuri
armiis generali, rusi samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, mecnieri da
polaruli mkvlevari, okeanografi, ruseTis samoqalaqo omSi TeTrg­
vardiuli moZraobis erT-erTi lideri. ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTveli
da rusuli armiis mTavarsardali (1918 wlis noemberi 1920 wlis ian­
vari). ruseT-iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio omis mona­wile wm. gior­
gis kavaleri, admirali (1918) 284
koniaSvili aleqsandre grigolis Ze _ qarTveli general-maiori,
brigadis generali, pirveli msoflio omis monawile, swavlobda jer

575
tfilisis I klasikur gimnaziaSi, Semdeg _ tfilisis kadetTa saswav­
lebelSi. monawileobda pirvel msoflio omSi. 1918 wels dainiSna
soWis olqisa da SavizRvispireTSi dislocirebuli qarTuli Senaer­
Tebis sardlad. 1919 wels damarcxda denikinis armiasTan brZolaSi.
iyo Tbilisis miliciis ufrosi. 1920 wels monawileobda antisaxelm­
wifoebrivi ajanyebis CaxSobaSi cxinvalis regionSi. 1921 wels meTau­
robda saxalxo gvardiis batalionebs 550
konievi g. g. _ qalaqis mouravis amxanagi 552
kopaleiSvili ilia ivanes Ze _ daamTavra pirveladi saswavlebeli.
1898 wlidan social-demokratiuli jgufis wevri, rsdmp-s menSeviku­
ri fraqciis aqtiuri wevri, partiis baTumis komitetis wevri (1903
w.). 1919 wlis TebervalSi arCeul iqna saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli mu­
SaTa partiis siiT. krebaSi saqmianobda Sromis, agraruli da TviT­
mmarTvelobis mimarTulebiT. soc. demok. partiis Sidaopozociuri
gazeTis „axali sxivis“ jgufis wevri. jgufis wevrebTan erTad moiTx­
ovda partiisa da samTavrobo Tanamdebobebis SeuTavseblobis sakiTx­
is mogvarebas. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri 107, 154, 200
kulikovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548, 551
kuCarianci _ agenti 406, 407, 493

l
lasxiSvili giorgi mixeilis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moR­
vawe, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da Sevida
odesis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, saidanac studentTa
xalxosnuri organizaciis wevrobisTvis garicxes. iyo saqarTvelos
socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli da lid­
eri, safuZveli Cauyara „axalgazrda iverielebis“ erovnul-radi­
kalur mimdinareobas, 1900-dan iyo partiuli gazeTis „cnobis fur­
clis“ da sxva organoebis faqtobrivi redaqtori. 1905 wels parizSi
yofnisas iyo gazeT „saqarTvelos“ erT-erTi redaqtori. pirvel
erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, iyo prezid­
iumis wevri, Sedioda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos e.w. droebiTi
koaliciuri mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSi, ekava ganaTlebis ministris
posti. misi reformebiT moxda qarTuli skolis nacionalizacia _
„gaerovneba“, maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli kursebis Seqmna qarTul
enaze swavlebisaTvis da sxv. 1919 wels airCies umaRlesi sakanonmde­
blo organos _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad socialist-federalist­
Ta partiidan; Sedioda sakonstitucio komisiis SemadgenlobaSi. igi
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri 61, 109, 541, 542, 543

576
lvovi giorgi evgenis Ze _ Tavadi, denikinis warmomadgeneli pariz­
Si 284
lomTaTiZe aleqsandre spiridonis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe,
umaRlesi ganaTleba xarkovis universitetSi miiRo, sadac studen­
tur moZraobas xelmZRvanelobda da erT-erT saukeTeso oratorad
iTvleboda. iyo Tbilisis xmosani pirveli msoflio omis dros, so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri, monawileobda sruliad ruseTis
sabWoebis yrilobis muSaobaSi, iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZne­
beli krebis wevri, arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomar­
is moadgiled, faqtobrivad asrulebda Tavmjdomaris movaleobas,
radgan TviT Tavmjdomare, karlo CxeiZe, didi xniT evropaSi imyofe­
boda. aRniSnul postze a. loTaTiZem Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc Seu­
valma da miudgomelma Tavmjdomarem. damfuZnebeli krebis debatebs
is iSviaTi taqtiT xelmZRvanelobda da politikur wreebSi didi
avtoritetic moixveWa. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce­
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 57, 63, 79, 106, 117, 159,
187, 201, 239, 251, 291, 307, 357, 372, 399, 431, 469, 501, 527
lomTaZe _ yaCaRi 350
lominaZe _ yaCaRi 349
loria filipe glaxunis (glaxunas) Ze _ 1903 wlidan iyo ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri, menSeviki. ganaTleba
miiRo sofel noRas samrevlo skolaSimonawileobda 1905-1907 wlebis
revoluciebSi Tbilissa da ozurgeTis mazraSi. 1917 wlidan iyo mu­
SaT da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos aRmaskomis wevri. 1918 wli­
dan iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1919 wlis TebervalSi
airCies damfuZnebei krebis wevrad. iyo gzaTa da Sromis komisiebis
wevri. 1919 wlidan iyo Tbilisis sabWos xmosani. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 108, 154, 155
loskutovi andria vasilis Ze _ ruseTis social-demokratiuli
muSaTa partiis menSevikebis fraqciis wevri, TanamSromlobda qar­
Tul social-demokratiul partiasTan. 1919 wels airCies saqarTve­
los damoukidebeli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, Sedi­
oda krebis Sromis komisiaSi 106, 154

m
mavoeli _ ingliseli eqimi 392
mamedovi gusein guli-mamed oRli, mamedovi husein yuli-­
mamed oRli (mamedovi, mamed oRli) _ 1899 wlidan iyo ruseTis
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. 1904 wlidan iyo mus­
limuri social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „hummetis“ (ener­gia)
erT-erTi damaarsebeli. 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos res­
publikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokra­

577
tiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. aqtiurad muSaobda saqarTvelos mus­
limebis problemebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad
Ca­­moyalibebul sxvadasxva komisiaSi. arCeuli iyo iormuRanlos Te­
mis Tavmjdomared 51, 107
mark tveni (semiuel lenghorn klemensi) (Samuel Langhorne ­Clemens)
_ amerikeli mwerali 219
mayaSvili abel (balo) gabrielis Ze _ samxedro mosamsaxure. daam­
Tavra yazanis qveiT iunkerTa saswavlebeli. ruseTis armiis generali,
saqarTvelos erovnuli armiis erTerTi mSenebeli, general-­maiori,
pirveli msoflio omis monawile, 1918 wlidan msaxurobda qarTul
jarSi. 1918 wels somxeTTan omis dros iyo axalqalaq-axalcixis maz­
ris general-gubernatori da axalqalaqis frontis sardali, Tbili­
sis komendanti. 1919 w. msaxurobda azerbaijanis respublikis armiaSi.
1920 wels dainiSna ganjis samxedro skolis ufrosad 165
maWavariani ioseb ivanes Ze _ social-demokrati 1898 wlidan, 1905
wels miemxro rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. daamTavra Tbili­
sis sasuliero seminaria. 1919 wels social-demokratiuli parti­
idan airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad. krebaSi saqmianobda agrarul komisiaSi 61, 108, 154
maWavariani ioseb konstantines Ze (kvimati) _ iuristi, nafici
veqili, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, saqarTvelos erovnul-demokra­
tiuli partiis TvalsaCino wevri. daasrula peterburgis saimper­
atoro universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. samSobloSi dab­
runebisTanave CaerTo sazogadoebriv da publicistur saqmianobaSi,
Tanam­Sromlobda gazeT „cnobis furcelSi“. 1909 wlidan iyo qarT­
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili
wevri. 1917 wels edp-is damfuZnebel yrilobaze airCies partiis mTa­
vari komitetisa da misi prezidiumis wevrad, aseve edp-is Tavmjdom­
aris moadgiled. 1918 wels airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, arCeuli
iyo sabWos mudmivmoqmed iuridiul komisiaSi; 1919 wels edp-s siiT
arCeul iqna saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo kre­
bis iuridiuli komisiis wevri 61, 108, 156, 346, 351, 352, 363, 395, 449,
453, 484, 513, 514, 530
maxaraZe gerasime Tomas Ze _ politikosi, diplomati, miiRo saSu­
alo ganaTleba, swavlobda peterburgis universitetis iuri­diul
fakultetze, 1918 wlis Tebervlidan iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wev­
ri. 1918 wels dainiSna damoukidebeli saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa
ministris pirvel moadgiled. iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiidan), amasTan erTad
iyo Tbilisis muSaTa deputatebis sabWos erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli.
mis mier parlamentSi ramdenime kanon-proeqti iqna Setanili. 1919
wlis ivlisSi dainiSna somxeTis respublikaSi saqarTvelos warmo­

578
madgenlad, 1920 wels ki _ saqarTvelos elCad sabWoTa ruseTSi 106,
154, 345, 475
maxvilaZe eleonora mixeilis asuli ter-farsegova _ pe­dagogi,
politikosi, swavlobda Tbilisis qalTa gimnaziis kursebze. iyo so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis baTumis komitetis soxumis jgu­
fis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli. jgufma 1905 wlis noember-dekemberSi
xelSi Caigdo soxumis mmarTveloba, Camoayaliba saxalxo milicia da
aiZula xmosnebi gadamdgariyvnen da daiwyo sayovelTao arCevnebiT
axali TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisTvis mzadeba. 1919 wels airCies
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
rad. iyo Sromisa da saxalxo janmrTelobis komisiebis wevri, araer­
Ti sakanonmdeblo iniciativis avtori. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 154, 155
mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze _ mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze
(partiuli metsaxeli „tria“) _ politikuri moRvawe, karlo Cxei­
ZesTan erTad monawileoba miiRo baTumis soc. demokratiuli orga­
nizaciebis CamoyalibebaSi. Cabmuli iyo „mesame dasis“ saqmianobaSi.
1907 w-is seqtemberSi, ilia WavWavaZis dasaflavebaze, man muSebis
saxeliT warmoTqva gamosaTxovari sityva. 1908 wels evropaSi yof­
nis dros, urTierTobda ruseTis soc.dem. moZraobis liderebTan:
ple­xanovTan, aqselrodTan da sxv. monawileobda sparseTis revolu­
ciaSi. 1918-1921ww. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sa­
xalxo komisari 107
mdivani svimon gurgenis Ze _ (cnobili bolSevikis _ budu mdivnis
Zma), qalaq baTumis TviTmmarTvelobis xmosani, baTumis sa­olqo komite­
tis Tvmjdomare. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomar­
is moadgiled social-federalistTa partiis kvotiT, Tavmjdomare­
obda damfuZnebeli krebis gareSe saqmeTa komisias. iyo saqarTvelos
pirveli elCi somxeTis respublikaSi. 1921 wels mTavrobam wargzavna
elCad TurqeTSi _ qemalis mTavrobisTvis unda mietana saqarTvelos­
gan TurqeTis cnobis firmani. igi mTeli cxovreba amayobda imiT, rom
pirveli iyo elCebs Soris, vinc TurqeTs Tavisufleba miuloca. iyo
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
59, 63, 79, 109, 117, 148, 156, 159, 186, 187, 201, 239, 291, 307, 345, 348, 357,
399, 400, 414, 431, 469, 483, 501, 526
meliqovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
mesxi _ okribas mcxovrebi 352
miTaiSvili aleqsandre _ leCxumis erobis Tavmjdomare 351
miliukovi pavle nikolozis Ze _ ruseTis imperiis cnobili poli­
tikuri moRvawe, liberaluri opoziciis warmomadgeneli, istoriko­
si da publicisti, ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis sagareo saqmeTa

579
ministri 1917 wels. samoqalaqo omis aqtiuri monawile. denikinis
warmomadgeneli parizSi. konstituciur-demokratiuli partiis, sa­
xalxo Tavisuflebis patriis, kadetTa partiis lideri 284, 458
milni jorj frensisi _ baroni (salonikisa da rubislavis (aber­dinis
sagrafo), britaneli mxedarTmTavari, feldmarSali, inglisis jarebis
sardali balkanebsa da Sav zRvaze. stambolis sardali 271, 281, 409
miteli _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
miqelaZe osman Savyi efendi _ qarTveli musulmani, umaRlesi ga­
naTleba miiRo stambolis universitetSi. 1919 wlis agvistodan iyo
saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. umaRlesi
ganaTleba miiRo stambolis universitetSi. 1919 wlis seqtembridan
airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT;
iyo „samuslimano saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis komitetis“ wevri.
axalcixeSi gamomavali gazeTis „mesxeTis“ redaqtori 107, 179
miqelaZe _ milicieli 346, 347
monomaxi konstantine _ bizantiis imperatori 1042 wlis 11 ivnisi­
dan 1055 wlis 11 ianvramde 18
morCaZe _ yaCaRi 346, 349, 350, 351
murvaniZe giorgi eqvTimes Ze _ pedagogi, ganaTleba foTSi miiRo,
samoqalaqo saswavlebelSi. 1902 wlidan gaerTianda rsdmp-Si, „men­
Sevikebis“ fraqciaSi; 1905 wels iyo rsdmp guriis komitetis suf­
sis raionuli komitetis warmomadgeneli; 1906 wels moRvaweobda
baqoSi, 1907 wels samudamod gadasaxlebul iqna cimbirSi, sadac
agrZelebda partiul saqmianobas; 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluci­
is Semdeg airCies baikalispira rkinigzis komisrad. saqarTveloSi
dabrunebis Semdeg, 1918 wels, gaxda ozurgeTis qalaqisTavi. 1919
wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli
partiis siiT 107
mRvdliSvili mixeil _ sasamarTlo palatis Tavmjdomare 310, 359,
360, 362, 400, 432, 470, 484, 486

n
naTaZe grigol (gigo) iasonis Ze _ qarTveli istorikosi, msof­
lios istoriis dargebis fuZemdebeli da medievistikis pirveli
warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi, profesori (1926), saqarTvelos ssr
mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, swavlobda Tbilisis qarTul sa­
Tavadaznauro gimnaziaSi, Semdeg vaJTa meore gimnaziaSi. 1898 Sevida
kievis universitetis istoria-filologiis fakultetze, saidanac
studentur demonstraciebSi monawileobisaTvis, 1901-1902 ww-Si,
orjer garicxes universitetidan. mcire xniT swavla ganagrZo Jen­

580
evis universitetSi. sabolood, 1907 eqsternad daamTavra moskovis
universiteti. aswavlida jer Tbilisis, Semdeg quTaisis qarTul saT­
avadaznauro gimnaziebSi da saxalxo universitetebSi. iyo wera-kiT­
xvis gamavrcelebeli da saeTnografio-saistorio sazogadoebebis
wevri, TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi. 1917 w-is Teberval-martis
demokratiuli revoluciis Semdeg g. naTaZe aqtiurad monawileobda
saqarTvelos politikur procesebSi, jer rogorc rusuli eserTa
partiis, 1918 w-dan ki saqarTvelos eserTa partiis TvalsaCino wev­
ri. 1918 w-is maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos gafarToebul SemadgenlobaSi. iyo saqarTvelos damfuZnebe­
li krebisa da eserTa partiis fraqciis wevri, (soc. revolucioneru­
li partia, fraqciis mdivani). imavdroulad, ganagrZobda pedagogiur
moRvaweobas. muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis saministroSi, xelmZRvan­
elobda saskolo dawesebulebaTa sammarTvelos. 1919 miiwvies Tbili­
sis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sadac gardacvalebamde kiTxulobda
leqciebs da iyo Sua saukuneebis istoriis kaTedris gamge 52, 59, 61,
63, 68, 79, 109, 117, 156, 159, 201, 239, 251, 253, 255, 291, 292, 307, 357, 431,
469, 501, 527
naTaZe leo (levan) iasonis Ze _ politikosi, social-demokra­
ti, Jurnalisti. daamTavra 4 klasi saTavadaznauro skolaSi, me-5-8
klasebi Tbilisis mesame gimnaziaSi, xolo umaRlesi ganaTleba peter­
burgis universitetSi miiRo. iyo gaz. „Борьба“-s da social-demokra­
tiuli gazeTis “erTobis“ redaqtori. kavkasiis samoswavlo olqis ko­
misari. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa
da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), aqti­
ur sakanonmdeblo muSaobas eweoda ganaTlebis sistemis reformire­
bis xelSewyobis kuTxiT. monawileobda respublikis konstituciis
SemuSavebaSi. saqarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdego­
bis moZraobaSi 60, 61, 107, 124, 128, 129, 133, 140, 150, 154, 155, 232, 304
nikolaZe nikoloz (niko) iakobis Ze _ didi qarTveli sazogado da
politikuri moRvawe, “TergdaleulTa~ brwyinvale warmomadgeneli,
publicisti, kritikosi, iuristi, samarTlis doqtori. daamTavra
quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da 1861 swavla peterburgis univer­
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze ganagrZo. studentur demonstra­
ciebSi monawileobis gamo daapatimres, universitets CamoaSores,
peterburgSi cxovreba aukrZales da saqarTveloSi gamoistumres.
monawileobda saqarTveloSi mimdinare Zvel da axal TaobaTa (mama­
Ta da SvilTa) Soris gamarTul ideur-politikur brZolaSi. 1864 sa­
frangeTSi gaemgzavra da sorbonis universitetSi Cairicxa. swavlob­
da JenevaSic, dasrulebiT ki 1868 ciurixis universiteti daasrula.
iqve naSromisaTvis „ganiaraReba da misi ekonomikur-socialuri mniS­
vneloba“ samarTlis doqtoris kvalifikacia miiRo. 1887-1891 ww.-Si sa­

581
TaveSi edga TbilisSi gamomaval rusulenovan gazeT „Новое обозрение“-s,
Semdeg gamoscemda Jurnal „moambes“ 1894-1912 ww-Si iyo foTis qalaqis
Tavi da didi Rvawli dasdo portisa da qalaqis modernizacias. saqar­
Tvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli.
1917 wlis ivnisSi edp-is pirvel yrilobaze yrilobis sapatio Tav­
mjdomared airCies. 1917 wlis noemberSi iyo saqarTvelos pirveli
erovnuli yrilobis delegati. yrilobam igi erovnuli sabWos Semad­
genlobaSi, sabWom ki Tavisi aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevrobis kan­
didatad airCia. 1918 w-is maisSi, rogorc amierkavkasiis delegaciis
wevrma, monawileoba miiRo baTumis sazavo konferenciaSi baTumSi qa­
rTveli delegatebis germaniis delegaciasTan daaxloebam daaCqara
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis gamocxa­
deba, raSic TvalsaCino wvlili n. nikolaZes miuZRvis. aqve Seadgina
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtis erT-erTi proeqti, romelic
baTumSi Casul n. Jordanias gadasca. 1918 wlis 27-28 maiss CarTuli
iyo saqarTvelosa da germanias Soris foTis droebiTi SeTanxmebis
gaformebaSi.samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis gaweuli RvawlisaTvis
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetma n. nikolaZe Tamar mefis
ordeniT daajildova. 1919 w-is TebervalSi, edp-s siiT, airCies saqa­
rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo krebis gzaTa komisiis
wevri. 1920 w-is aprilSi deputatobisagan ganTavisuflda, radgan
miavlines evropaSi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri misiis wevrad. iyo qa­
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis foTisa
da Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 108, 156
nikolozi _ nikoloz II aleqsandres Ze _ ruseTis ukanaskneli im­
peratori (1894-1917 wlebSi). poloneTis mefe, fineTis didi hercogi.
misi mmarTveloba 1917 wels ruseTis revoluciiT dasrulda 510
niniZe kirile ieses Ze _ rsdmp-s wevri, menSvikuri fraqciis wevri;
swavlobda dorpatis universitetSi. 1908 wlidan qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, iyo am sazogadoe­
bis mdivani xonsa da xaSurSi. erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919
wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, damoukidebeli social-demokra­
tiuli fraqciis wevri. 1920 w-dan akritikebda social-demokrati­
uli partiis moqmedebas da partiis SigniT opoziciur jgufs saTave­
Si Caudga. partias ZiriTadad mTavrobisa da centraluri komitetis
gaumijnaobaSi adanaSaulebda. 1920 w-is bolos ramdenime pirTan er­
Tad gamoeyo social-demokratiul partias. maT gamosces jer gaze­
Ti „axali sxivi“, xolo Semdeg, 1921 wels, Seqmnes damoukidebeli
social-demokratiuli fraqcia damfuZnebel krebaSi, am jgufs „sx­
ivelebi“ ewoda. aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli 1924 w-is ajanyebaSi. iyo sam­
xedro komisiis wevri. advokatobas uwevda saqarTvelos kaTolikos
patriarq ambrosi xelaias 70, 106, 154, 155, 184, 194, 195, 205, 210, 220,
223, 262, 268, 311, 330, 450, 545, 550, 554

582
nodia vasil giorgis Ze _ muSa, social-demokrati, revolucioneri
da publicisti. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 107,
154, 155, 526
nucubiZe (Salva) varlam isakis Ze _ cnobili qarTveli filoso­
fosi, sazogado moRvawe, mecnieri da mTargmneli, literaturaT­
mcodne, kulturis istorikosi, qarTuli filosofiis istoriis
mecnieruli skolis fuZemdebeli, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka­
demiis akademikosi. 1910 daamTavra peterburgis universitetis
istoria-filologiis fakulteti filosofiis ganxriT. 1911-1914
ww-Si iyo laifcigis universitetis studenti. laifcigSi yofnis
dros Camoayaliba originaluri filosofiuri moZRvreba _ aleTo­
logia. 1915 mieniWa aRniSnuli universitetis filosofiis doqto­
ris xarisxi. 1916-1918 ww-Si peterburgis universitetis leqtoria.
iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos da
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri saqarTvelos memarcxene social-feder­
alistTa partiidan. partia gamoeyo ZiriTad partias da 1921-1923
ww-Si TanamSromlobda bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan, Tumca mkac­
rad akritikebda maT erovnul politikas. S. nucubiZe iyo qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 36, 42,
51, 109, 156, 200
nucubiZe ilia daviTis Ze _ daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sas­
wavlebeli. swavlobda kievis komerciul institutSi. iyo ruseTis
socialist-revolucionerTa partiis wevri, 1918 wlis maisSi Seqm­
nili saqarTvelos socialist-revolucionerTa partiis erT-erTi
lideri. Sedioda partiis centraluri organos, gazeT „Sromis“
saredaqcio kolegiaSi.1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos demokra­
tiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wels
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, Sedioda eserTa partiis xuT­
kacian fraqciaSi 60, 61, 108, 194, 200, 231, 232, 233, 310, 345, 349, 350,
351, 352, 456

o
oniaSvili daviT efremis Ze _ erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), menSeviki. saSualo ga­
naTleba miiRo goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi, SemdgomSi swavla
ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. umaRlesi iuridiuli
ganaTleba miiRo iurievis (tartus) da laifcigis universiteteb­
Si. 1904 SeurTda social-demokratiul partias. 1918 w-is Teber­
val-maisSi iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, social-demokratebis
fraqciis saxeliT. 1918 w-is 22 aprils amierkavkasiis damoukide­
blobis gamocxadebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba seimis sxdomaze
swored man gaakeTa. 1917 saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobaze airCies

583
erovnuli sabWos wevrad social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. xeli
moawera 26 maisis damoukideblobis aqts. erovnul sabWoSi asruleb­
da mdivnis movaleobas. eweoda aqtiur sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas,
iyo araerTi kanonis iniciatori. 1919 w-is TebervalSi airCies dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi xelmZ­
Rvanelobda krebis iuridiul komisias, aseve iyo TviTmmarTvelo­
bisa da safinanso komisiis wevri. 1920 w-is 3 dekembers saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis miwaTmoqmedebis ministrad dainiSna.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
mudmivi wevri, Tbilisis, gorisa da foTis ganyofilebis wevri.
sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqar­Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis
okupaciis Semdeg darCa saqar­TveloSi. aqtiurad monawileobda wi­
naaRmdegobis moZraobaSi. iyo social-demokratebis aralegaluri
centraluri komitetis wevri. monawileobda damoukideblobis
komitetis saqmianobaSi da CarTuli iyo ajanyebis momzadebis pro­
cesSi 8, 61, 106, 118, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 255, 256, 257,
268, 270, 331, 332, 341, 444, 445, 470, 526

p
paiWaZe _ ingliseli eqimis _ mavoelis mkvlelobaSi braldebuli 394
panievi (fanianci) konstantine abgeris Ze _ social-demokrati.
rsdm partiis wevri 1905 w-dan. Tavdapirvelad bolSevikuri partiis
wevri iyo. 1918 airCies soxumis qalaqis sabWoSi. 1919 w-is Teberval­
Si social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad airCies. Sedioda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da safinanso-­
sabiujeto komisiebSi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis gamgeobis wevri. qalaqis
TviTmarTvelobis sasursaTo ganyof. gamge. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg
Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 61, 107
panCuliebi (igulisxmeba faCuliebi) _ sagangebo razmis xel­
mZRvanelebi 554
paSalidi (faSalidisi) ivane (ionis) giorgis Ze _ soci­al-
demokrati, saberZneTis socialisturi partiis damfuZnebeli. saSu­
alo ganaTleba miiRo Tbilisis rusul gimnaziaSi. umaRlesi ganaT­
lebis misaRebad jer odesis universitetSi swavlobda, saidanac
studenturi moZraobis wevrobisTvis garicxes, Semdeg moskovis uni­
versitetSi moipova eqimis 317 diplomi. 1903 w-dan rsdmp-s wevri.
eqimad muSaoba daiwyo qalaq soxumSi, aqtiurad monawileobda so­
cial-demokratiuli organizaciebis saqmianobaSi. 1917 w-dan SeuerT­
da qarTul social-demokratiul partias. iyo damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT, iyo afxazeTis
erovnuli sabWos wevri. TanamSromlobda qarTul da saqarTveloSi
gamomaval berZnul gazeTebTan. – 107.

584
pepinovi, axmed pepinaSvili _ omar faikis disSvili, gadaiqca qa­
rTveli moqalaqidan azerbaijanel moqalaqed, (seimis wevri) social­
isturi fraqciis lideri gaxda azerbaijanis parlamentSi. pepinovis
Semoyvanilia pirveli matarebeli wiTlebiT yovelgvari brZolis ga­
reSe baqoSi 164
petliura simon vasilis Ze _ ukraineli samxedro da politikuri
moRvawe, ukrainis damoukideblobisTvis mebrZoli, ukrainis saxalxo
respublikis direqtoriis meTauri (1919-1920), flotis armiis mTa­
vari sardali 388
petre I didi _ sruliad ruseTis ukanaskneli mefe (1682 wlidan) da
sruliad ruseTis pirveli imperatori 1721 wlidan) 484
platoni _ berZeni filosofosi, sokrates moswavle, aristoteles
maswavlebeli, filosofiuri dialogebis avtori, aTenis akademiis
damfuZnebeli 411

J
Jordania noe nikolozis Ze _ Jordania noe nikolozis Ze _ qar­
Tuli social-demokratiis aRiarebuli lideri, publicisti, Te­
oretikosi, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri. monawileobda pirveli qarTuli marqsistuli
organizaciis „mesame dasis“ dafuZnebaSi. daamTavra Tbilisis sa­
suliero seminaria. swavlobda varSavis veterinarul institutSi.
1903 wels iyo rsdmp kavkasiis kavSiris komitetis wevri, imave wels
saTaTbiro xmiT monawileobda rsdmp II yrilobaSi da miemxro menSe­
vikebs. im periodSi mkveTrad daupirispirda erovnuli saxelmwi­
foebriobis aRdgenis moTxovnas saqarTvelos avtonomiis formiT.
1905-1907 ww. Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT warmoebda ideur-orga­
nizaciuli brZola bolSevizmis winaaRmdeg. 1917 wlis Tebervlis
revoluciis Semdeg saTaveSi Caudga axali xelisuflebis revolu­
ciur organoebs. 1917 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul
yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos, aRmasrulebeli komitetisa da
prezidiumis Tavmjdomared. 1918 wlis 26 maiss n. Jordaniam erovnu­
li sabWos saxeliT saqarTvelos damoukideblba gamoacxada. 1919
wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi social-demokratiuli parti­
is saarCevno siis pirveli nomeri iyo. 21 martidan damfuZnebelma
krebam saqarTvelos damoukidebeli demokratiuli respublikis
mTavrobis Tavmjdomared airCia 7, 18, 28, 37, 41, 42, 58, 71, 72, 73, 80,
106, 129, 153, 266, 281, 506, 507, 518, 546
Joresi Jan _ frangi politikuri moRvawe, 1902 wels saTaveSi Caudga
safrangeTis socialistur partias. 1905 wlidan gaerTianebuli so­
cialisturi partiis erT-erTi lideri 260, 265, 269
JorJolaZe eristo _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347

585
JorJolaZe _ studenti 352
JRenti viqtor (leonti) almasxanis Ze _ social-demokrati, ga­
naTleba baTumis saxe _ losno saswavlebelSi miiRo, profesiiT feiqa­
ri iyo. 1918 wlidan gaxda erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg 1919 wels dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri. muSaobda cxinvalSi sagangebo rwmune­bulad.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis tuaf­
sesa da Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 108, 155

r
ramiSvili isidore ivanes Ze _ politikosi, cnobili pedagogi da
ganmanaTlebeli, social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damaarse­
beli. Tavdapirvelad ganaTleba miiRo ozurgeTis sasuliero saswav­
lebelSi, SemdgomSi swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminari­
aSi. 1906 monawileobda rsdmp-s stokholmis konferenciaSi Tbilisi
organizaciis mandatiT. 1906 w-s airCies ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros deputatad. 1907 monawileobda rsdmp londonis V yri­
lobaSi. 1913-1917 ww-Si gadasaxlebuli iyo samaris guberniaSi. 1917
saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobaze social-demokratebis siiT airCies
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, amave wels _ ruseTis
damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad. iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri. 1918
wels osmaleTis armiis Semotevisas natanebis frontze aqtiur poli­
tikur daxmarebas uwevda general mazniaSvils. 26 maiss xeli moawera
damoukideblobis aqts. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
rad social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. demokratiuli resublikis
dros iyo xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli soxumis olqSi. damoukide­
blobis periodSi partiis centraluri komitetis davalebiT mog­
zaurobda regionebSi da aqtiur propagandistul saqmianobas eweoda
rogorc partiis wevrebSi, aseve moqalaqeebSi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevri 106
ramiSvili noe besarionis Ze _ social-demokratiuli partiis
erT-erTi lideri; kavkasiis glexTa deputatebis sabWoebis centris
Tavmjdomare, qarTvel menSevikTa ck-s wevri da am partiis organos,
gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtori. daamTavra ozurgeTis sasuliero sas­
wavlebeli. 1901 quTaisis sasuliero seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg,
derptis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze Sevida, Tumca revo­
luciur moZraobaSi monawileobisaTvis garicxes da 1902 saqarTve­
loSi dabrunda. 1908-1909 ww-Si swavlobda laifcigis universitetSi
(germania). Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg (1917) gaxda kavkasiis glex­
Ta deputatebis sabWoebis centris Tavmjdomare, qarTvel menSevikTa
ck-is wevri da am partiis organos, gazeT „erTobis“ redaqtori. igi
cnobili iyo partiuli fsevdonimebiT: petre, semionovi n. 1917 w-is
noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 w-is

586
26 maiss, rodesac saqarTvelom damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrioba
aRidgina, n. ramiSvilis meTaurobiT Seiqmna saqarTvelos droebiTi
mTavroba, Tumca erT TveSi, 24 ivniss, gadadga da xelisufleba n. Jor­
danias gadasca. ramiSvilma Sinagan saqmeTa ministris posti Caibara
da, paralelurad, 1919 w-is ganmavlobaSi iyo samxedro ministri.
imave wels aseve airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. misi xelmZRvan­
elobiT mimdinareobda jaris reorganizacia, ganaTlebis reforma,
kavSirgabmulobis sferos ganviTareba, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
iCenda Tbilisis universitetis mimarT. Sss ministrobis dros ki ux­
elmZRvanela saqarTvelos mivardnil soflebSi gzebis gayvanas, fos­
ta-telegrafisa da skolebis aSenebas. man mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTa
antisaxelmwifoebrivi aqciebisa da spekulaciis winaaRmdeg brZoli­
saken. Ss saministroSi Camoayaliba gansakuTrebuli razmi, romelsac
qveyanaSi wesrigi unda daecva. razmma didi roli Seasrula saxelmwi­
fos uSiSroebisaTvis gamorCeuli principulobisa da ukanonobasTan
Seurigebeli brZolis gamo, damoukideblobis wlebSi zedmetsaxelad
„rkinis ministri“ Searqves. iyo Sinagan saqmeTa, samxedro da ganaT­
lebis ministri; saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli
Tavmjdomare; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri. qarTuli emigraciis wevrebidan yvelaze aqtiurad
uWrda mxars 1924 wlis ajanyebas, CarTuli iyo poloneli xalxis an­
tisabWoTa moZraobaSi 73, 106, 181, 304, 348, 349, 366, 453, 454
rebruxi _ muSa 550
reiteri pol _ inglisSi1849 wels erT-erTi udidesi sainformacio
saagento „reiteris“ damaarsebeli 394, 395, 408
rusia meliton ivanes Ze _ iuristi, iyo ruseTis social-demokrati­
uli muSaTa partiis wevri; saSualo ganaTleba lanCxuTSi miiRo, ris
Semdegac kerZo pedagogoba daiwyo. saswavleblad xarkovSi gaemgza­
vra, magram studentur gamosvlebSi monawileobis gamo saswavlebli­
dan garicxes. 1904 wels tfilisis social-demokratiuli muSaTa or­
ganizaciis wevri gaxda. muSaobda „menSevikebis“ fraqciaSi. 1917 wlis
noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 wlis
ganmavlobaSi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamen­
tis wevri. 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos respublikis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis siiT. iyo TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis Tavmjdomare, iurdi­
uli, teqnikuri, centraluri saarCevno da sakonstitucio komisiebis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri 61, 107, 154, 155, 169, 355
ruxaZe levan porfiles Ze _ social-demokrati, ganaTleba miiRo
saostato saswavlebelSi, eweoda pedagogiur saqmianobas. axalgaz­
rdobidanve SeuerTda rsdm partias. 1917 w-is dekemberSi aqtiurad
monawileobda social-demokratiuli partiis wiTeli gvardiis

587
SeqmnaSi. iyo saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebebis wevri, misi Taosno­
biT aRdga obolTa TavSesafari da sxva dawesebulebebi axalcixeSi.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri social-demokratiuli partiidan, saxalxo gvardiis yrilobaze
airCies mTavari Stabis wevrad. sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi.
monawileobda antisabWoTa gamosvlebSi. 1922 gadaasaxles saqarT­
velodan 108, 200
rcxilaZe grigol (gigo) simonis Ze _ politikosi da sazogado
moRvawe, iuristi, publicisti, kritikosi. daamTavra Tbilisis gim­
nazia, Semdeg, 1902 wels peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli
fak-ti. monawileobda socialist-federalisturi partiis daarse­
baSi, 1909 wels Seadgina partiis programa. 1919 wlis martidan dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (soc. federalistTa sarevolucio partia),
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos sazavo delegaciis wevri. Sedioda „sa­
konstitucio safuZvlebis Semdgeni komisiis“ SemadgenlobaSi. iyo
pirveli qarTuli universitetis daarsebis aqtiuri monawile da Se­
dioda universitetis damaarsebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobis Semad­
genlobaSi. damoukideblobis bolo TveebSi airCies damfuZnebeli
krebis socialist-federalisturi fraqciis Tavmjdomared. qar­
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelis sazogadoebis namdvi­
li wevri 109, 156, 354

s
sabaxtaraSvili konstantine beJanis (beJukis) Ze _ diplomati.
gimnaziis dasrulebis Semdeg swavla ganagrZo moskovis universite­
tis iuridiul fakultetze, Tumca 1905 wlis moskovis SeiaraRebul
ajanyebaSi monawileobis gamo ver daasrula. mogvianebiT, JenevaSi
gaemgzavra, sadac iuridiuli mecnierebis Seswavla ganagrZo da uma­
Rlesi saswavlebeli warmatebiT daamTavra. JenevaSi igi emigrantebis
social-demokratiul jgufs SeuerTda. 1917 wlis Tebrvlis revo­
luciis Semdeg dabinavda foTSi, sadac revoluciur organizaciebs
xelmZRvanelobda. am periodidan k. sabaxtaraSvili sxvadasxva sapa­
suxismgeblo Tanamdebobaze muSaobda, qalaq baTumis ganaxlebuli
TviTmmarTvelobis qalaqis Tavi. iyo erovnuli sabWos wevri mcire
xniT, ekava Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgilis Tanamdeboba, Semdeg
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (social-demokratiuli partia).
ekava sagareo sameTa ministris moadgile, wargzavnil iqna saqarTve­
los demokratiuli republikis elCad italiaSi. iyo qarTvelTa So­
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
savinkovi boris _ denikinis warmomadgeneli parizSi 284
sazonovi _ denikinis warmomadgeneli parizSi 284

588
salayaia ioseb beJanis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), damoukidebeli saqa­
rTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgeneli poloneTSi. Tavmjdomareobda
varSavaSi arsebul qarTul sazogadoebas. qarTvelTa Soris wera-
kiT­xvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106, 154, 345, 354
saluqvaZe anania maqsimes Ze (JuJispireli) _ social-demokrati,
muSaobda social-demokratiis Tbilisis organizaciaSi, social-­
demokratiuli muSaTa partiis saolqo komitetis wevri, saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis periodSi iyo erovnuli sabWosa da
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. werda moTxrobebs. iyo qarTvelTa So­
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. saqarTvelos
gasabWoebis Semdeg emigraciaSi wasvlaze uari ganacxada. 1924 w-is
ajanyebis Semdeg daapatimres da yirimSi gadaasaxles 107, 155, 200
sayvareliZe pavle daviTis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, publicisti,
social-demokrati („alioneli“); erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri; damfuZnebeli krebis sakonstitucio komisiis Tav­
mjdomare. ilaSqrebda osuri separatizmis winaaRmdeg. man uaryo e.w.
„samxreT oseTis“ erovnuli sabWos mier warmodgenil e.w. „samxreT os­
eTis“ kantonis proeqti, romelic moiTxovda avtonomiur warmonaqmns
ara marto Sida qarTlis, aramed saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebzec
(duSeTi, raWa, Sorapani). qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele­
beli sazogadoebis wevri, sarevizio komisiis wevri 37, 38, 40, 60, 61,
107, 155, 232, 233, 292, 299, 302, 303, 311, 371, 383, 440, 505, 507, 509
servedbeg-aTabegovi (serverbed-aTebegovi) serveT-beg-aTebe-
govi _ seimis wevri, warmoSobiT qarTveli, iyvnen gvarad jayeli.
serverbeg aTabegis mama iyo axalcixis faSa. ruseTma gadmoibira es
faSa, da misca tituli – princ qoblianski adigenski da daarqves
gvari aTabegov. e. i. mama begebisa, Turqulad aTa – mamaa 164, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 393
simeoni _ simeon RvTismetyveli 28
sirbilaZe ermaloz ivanes Ze (metsaxeli emil) _ pedagogi, Tav­
dapirvelad saswavleblad Telavis skolaSi Sevida, Semdeg ki swavla
Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi ganagrZo. pedagogiur moRvaweoba
daiwyo duSeTis mazraSi, eweoda revoluciur propagandas. iyo dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis saTadarigo
siidan. 1919 wlidan xdeba saqarTvelos saxalxo gvardiis mTavari
Stabis wevri. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani 358
sirbilaZe vasili lukas-Ze _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 347
sirbilaZe _ yaCaRi 349
soloRaSvili ana (olRa) ilias asuli _ pedagogi, sazogado
moRvawe. daamTavra xarkovis universitetis istoria-filologi­
is fakulteti istoriis specialobiT. 1903 w-dan iyo saqarTvelos

589
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. pedagogiur saqmia­
nobasTan erTad revoluciur gamosvlebSic monawileobda. marqsis­
tul ideebsa da aralegalur revoluciur literaturas acnobda
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebSi rvoluciurad ganwyobil muSebs,
am saqmeSi Cabmuli iyo ZmasTan _ grigolTan da dasTan _ evgeniasTan
erTad. misi TaosnobiT baTumSi gaixsna nuriis bazari, agreTve,
wignTsacav-samkiTxvelo. 1917 w-is noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevrad. iyo goris qalTa internacionaluri ka­
vSiris erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da gamgeobis wevri. 1918 w-s iyo
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri; 1919
wlis 12 martidan iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokra­
tiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. iyo saredaqcio, sapensio da centra­
luri saarCevno komisiebis wevri, sabiblioTeko komisiis mdivani.
misi iniciativiTa da moxsenebiT saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam
miiRo dekretebi da kanonebi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani;
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
61, 161, 162, 163, 188, 189, 192, 200, 202, 242, 243, 244, 249, 288, 289, 290,
362, 502, 503, 529
sulaqveliZe apolon almasxanis Ze _ ruseTis social-demokrati­
uli muSaTa partiis wevri. ganaTleba soflis skolaSi miiRo. 1919
wels saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis siiT arCeul iqna
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. 1921 wels datova par­
tia da monawileobda fraqcia „sxivis“ SeqmnaSi (fraqciis lideri _
grigol giorgaZe), fraqciis social-demokratiuli partiisgan gam­
oyofis mTavar mizezad „sxielebi“ asaxelebdnen partiis liderebis
erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobisken swrafvas,Sidapartiuli demokrati­
is Sesustebas, warumatebel politikur kurss 107
sulTanovi _ eqimi, eweoda panTurqistul agitacias 164
surgulaZe simon elizbaris Ze _ social-demokrati, rsdrp-s wev­
ri, 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 107
surgulaZe petre rostomis Ze _ Jurnalisti, saqarTvelos Ta­
visuflebisaTvis aqtiuri mebrZoli, erovnul-demokratiuli parti­
is erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. 1894 daamTavra Tbilisis aleqsandres saxe­
lobis saostato (samaswavleblo) instituti. pedagogiur saqmianobas
Seudga quTaisis progimnaziaSi gamge-maswavleblad, xolo Semdeg
muSaobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro gimnaziis istoriis pedagogad.
1909 p. surgulaZis redaqtorobiT daarsda erovnul-demokrati­
uli mimarTulebis yovelkvireuli Jurnali „eri“, romelic Tergda­
leulTa Jurnalistur tradiciebs ganagrZobda da mTel Zalisxmevas
erovnuli interesebis dacvas axmarda. igi iyo damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, samxedro komisiis wevri. Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis droe­
biT komisiaSi, romelmac 1919 wlis martSi axalcixe-axalqalaqis maz­
rebSi server-begis xelmZRvanelobiT mowyobili ajanyebis mizezebi,

590
Sedegebi da regionSi arsebuli viTareba Seiswavla. xSirad aqveyneb­
da statiebs edp-s mTavar beWdviT organoSi, gazeT „saqarTveloSi“
saxelmwifoebrivi da samxedro aRmSeneblobis aqtualur sakiTxebze.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri, TurqeTSi emigraciaSi yofnis dros iyo edp-s sazRvargareTu­
li centraluri biuros wevri 51, 108, 156, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370,
475, 478, 480, 481, 482

t
tatiSvili ivane (giorgi) aleqsis Ze (metsaxeli: giorgi) _ ga­
naTleba ojaxSi miiRo, bavSvobidanve muSaobda mojamagired.1905
wlidan rsdmp wevri, aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluci­
ur moZraobaSi. monawileobda rsdmp Tbilisis komitetis partiul
jgufSi, romelic miznad isaxavda ilia WavWavaZis mkvlelobis ga­
moZiebas 108, 154
tomsoni ser uiliam montgomeri _ general-maiori, britanuli
saeqspedicio korpusis sardali sparseTSi, Semdeg samxreT kavkasiaSi.
britaneTis armiis generlebis msgavsad ar iyo saqarTvelos demokra­
tiuli respublikis xelisuflebisadmi keTilganwyobili 393, 405
toroSeliZe (orjonikiZe) minadora efremis asuli _ politi­
kuri moRvawe, eqimi, medicinis doqtori, social-demokrati. quTai­
sis wm. ninos qalTa gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdgom swavla gaagrZela
Jenevis universitetis medicinis fakultetze (1901), sadac dauaxlo­
vda marqsistul jgufebs, aqtiurad muSaobda Jenevis socialistur
wreebSi `iskris~ damxmare jgufSi; iqve iqorwina malaqia toroSe­
liZeze. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 w-is revoluciaSi, miemxro men­
SevikTa fraqcias, misi meuRle ki bolSevikebs. 1905 wels amierkavka­
siaSi social-demokratiul partiaSi ganxeTqilebis dawyebis Semdeg
iyo aqtiuri „menSeviki~. 1906 kvlav JenevaSi dabrunda swavlis dasas­
ruleblad. saidanac 1914 wels evakuaciis wesiT daabrunes ruseTis
imperiaSi. muSaobda Tbilisis qalTa kavSirSi. iyo Tbilisis qalTa so­
cial-demokratiuli organizaciis xelmZRvaneli. 1917 w-is noembridan
iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, Semdgom ki, 1918 wels, saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri. 1919 wels
airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad social-demokratebis siiT. iyo Sromis komisiis mdivani da sax­
alxo janmrTelobis komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. wiTeli armiis
SemoWrisas iyo frontis xazze. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdgom, ameriku­
li daxmarebis administraciaSi (American Relief Administration) muSaobis
paralelurad, xelmZRvanelobda qalTa aralegalur organizacias,
romlis mizani politpatimarTa ojaxebis daxmareba iyo. arCeuli iyo
saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris gamgeobis wevrad. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 154, 155

591
u
ugrexeliZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 352
urataZe grigol (griSa) ilarionis Ze _ saxalxo maswavlebeli,
social-demokratiuli partiis TvalsaCino moRvawe, guriis glex­
Ta moZraobis erT-erTi meTauri. daamTavra ozurgeTis oTxklasiani
saswavlebeli, baTumSi ki samaswavleblo kursebi gaiara. muSaobda
lanCxuTis skolis maswavleblad. umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad
peterburgSi gaemgzavra, sadac fsiqonevrologiur institutSi
Caabara, Tumca ar dausrulebia. peterburgSi aqtiurad monawileob­
da studentur gamosvlebSi. 1911 wels amierkavkasiis organizaciam
saswavleblad parizis social-demokratiuli partiis skolaSi gag­
zavna. sadac Sexvda da axlos gaicno v. lenini, l. kamenevi, i. armamdi,
n. krupskaia, zinovievi, lunaCarski da sxv. kargad icnobda agreTve
rusuli menSevizmis liderebsac. 1915 wlidan n. Jordanias momxreTa
rigebSi Cadga, xelmZRvanelonda gazeT „axali kvalis“ gamocemas. 1918
wels iyo quTaisis saqalaqo sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile, erovnu­
li sabWos wevri, 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli re­
spublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. iyo samandato komisii wev­
ri, aqtiurad muSaobda gazeT „erTobis“ redaqciaSi. monawileobda
ruseT-saqarTvelos samSvidobo xelSekrulebis momzadebaSi. doku­
ments xeli moawera ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saxalxo komisris moadg­
ile l. karaxanTan erTad 52, 63, 105, 109, 114, 154, 157

f
faiyi omar _ TurqeTis agenti, eweoda pan-islamur agitacias. mu­
sulmanur-Turqul literaturaSi cnobili mwerali 164, 165, 167
famusovi pavel afanasieviCi _ aleqsandre griboedovis komediis
„vai Wkuisagan“ personaJi 518
farnievi, (teqstSi fanievi) aleqsandre ivanes Ze _ social-­
demokrati, demokratiuli respublikis periodSi miwaTmoqmedebis
saministrosa da glexTa centris rwmunebuli; 1919 wels airCies
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT; mkacrad ilaSqrebda osuri separatizmis winaaRmdeg; qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106
faRava giorgi (gogita) aqvsentis Ze _ rsdmp partiis menSevikebis
fraqciis wevri 1913 wlidan; swavlobda quTaisis saTavadaznauro
gimnaziaSi. umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad swavla moskovis univer­
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze gaagrZela. 1919 w-is TebervalSi saqa­
rTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis siiT airCies saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. 1919 w-is
12 marts damfuZnebeli krebis sazeimod gaxsnis sxdomaze. g. faRava,
rogorc yvelaze axalgazrda wevri, asrulebda mdivnis movaleobas.

592
social-demokratiuli partiis kvotiT iyo sakonstitucio komisiis
wevri. damoukideblobis periodSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli partiul
da saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaSi, xSirad mogzaurobda regionebSi
propagandistuli saqmianobis gasawevad. monawileobda raWasa da
leCxumSi arsebuli administrciis krizisis Semswavlel delegacia­
Si; saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis pirveli Tavmjdomare,
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvi­
li wevri, mudmivi wevri 17, 61, 108, 193, 351, 503
fircxalava samson giorgis Ze _ iuristi, publicisti, politiko­
si, daamTavra quTaisis gimnazia, 1898 wels ki peterburgis universi­
tetis iuridiuli fakulteti. swavlis wlebSi qarTvel studentTa
saTvistomos Tavmjdomare iyo. 1902-1910 ww-Si iyo qarTvelTa So­
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobis mdivani
da saqmeTa mmarTveli. redaqtorobda soc-federalistT parti­
is organoebs: „glexi“ (1906), „miwa“ (1906-1908). monawileobda so­
cialist-federalistTa partiis Camoyalibebis procesSi. 1905-1907
ww-is periodSi Sedioda partiis mTavar komitetSi da erTxans iyo
partiis Tavmjdomaris moadgile. 1917 wlis aprilSi monawileobda
saqar­Tvelos interpartiuli sabWos organizebis procesSi, rome­
lic sa­TaveSi Caudga erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenisaTvis
brZolas. 1919-21 ww.-Si damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, 1917-1921ww.-Si
iyo soc.federalistTa partiis centraluri organos, gaz. „saxalxo
saqmis“ redaqtor. 1921 wels xeli moawera saqarTvelos pirvel kon­
stitucias 51, 61, 109, 156, 157
fircxalaiSvili ilia giorgis Ze _ eqimi, iuristi, social-­
demokrati, ganaTleba odesis universitetSi, samedicino fakulte­
tze miiRo, ris Semdegac social-demokratiuli organizaciis mu­
SaobaSi Caeba. 1903-1913 ww-Si swavlobda moskovis universitetSi
iuridiul fakultetze, muSaobda nafic msajulad. 1917 w-is revolu­
ciis Semdeg quTaisis qalaqis komisari gaxda. amave wels airCies saqa­
rTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1919 wels airCies Tbilisis qalaq­
is sabWos xmosnad, Semdgom ki -damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. Sedioda
social-demokratebis fraqcia „axali sxivis“ jgufSi. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. 1921 w-is ok­
upaciis Semdeg Caeba winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 108, 155, 344
fruiZe _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi, eqimbaSi 351

q
qelbaqiani _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 352
qiqoZe geronti dimitris Ze _ publicisti, mwerali, kritikosi da
mTargmneli, literaturaTmcodne. quTaisis realuri saswavleblis
dasrulebis Semdeg, 1903 w-dan swavlobda laifcigis, Semdeg bernis

593
universitetis filosofiis fakultetze, romelic daamTavra 1912.
Tavdapirvelad miemxro social-demokratiul mimdinareobas da iz­
iarebda misi biolSevikuri frTis ideologias. msoflmxedveloba _
kosmopolituridan erovnul safuZvelze Seicvala p. surgulaZis xe­
lmZRvanelobiT JenevaSi Seqmnili „Tavisufali saqar­Tvelos jgufis“
ideologiis gaziarebis Semdeg. iyo saqarTvelos erovnul-demokra­
tiuli partiis TvalsaCino wevri. 1917 wels airCies erovnuli
sabWos wevrad, iyo sakonstitucio, sabiujeto da safinanso komis­
iebis wevri. redaqtorobda edp-is gazeT „saqarTvelos“ (1918-1919).
1919 w-is TebervalSi edp-is siiT gaxda saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli
krebis deputati. 1919 w-is maisSi edp-dan gavida, magram damfuZneb­
el krebaSi darCa rogorc damoukidebeli deputati. 1921 w-is martSi
saqarTvelos revkomma igi ramdenime moRvawesTan erTad gagzavna ba­
TumSi, raTa n. Jordania samSobloSi darCenaze daeyoliebinaT, Tum­
ca uSedegod. saqarTveloSi komunisturi reJimis damyarebis Semdeg
CamoSorda politikur saqmianobas. 1921-1922 ww-Si iyo miwaTmoq­
medebis saxalxo komisris moadgile, xolo Semdeg literaturul da
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo asparezze gadainacvla. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevri 61,
108, 157, 311, 528
qoblianski _ ix. servedbeg-aTabegovi (serverbed-aTebegovi) ser­
veT-beg-aTebegovi 180
qobulaZe _ leCxumis ajanyebis monawile. igulisxmeba 1918 wlis ra­
Wa-leCxumis glexTa ajanyeba menSevikTa batonobis winaaRmdeg 350
qumsiSvili (qumsiaSvili) nikoloz giorgis Ze _ social-­
demokratiuli muSaTa partiisa da 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg axali cxovrebiseuli arCevani gaa­
keTa da daasrula Tbilisis konservatoria. iyo Tbilisis operisa da
baletis solisti, dramatuli tenori. 1924 wels mas saxalxo artis­
tis wodeba mieniWa 107

R
Rlonti Tevdore (Tedo) zurabis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, publi­
cisti, memarcxene socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi lid­
eri, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (socialist-federalistebis partiis mecxre kandida­
ti). 1921 wlis ianvarSi partiis me-5 konferenciaze moiTxova sabWoTa
konstituciis aRiareba. memarcxene socialist-federalis­tTa parti­
asTan erTad TanamSromlobda TbilisSi Semosul sabWoTa saokupacio
xelisuflebasTan, monawileobda okupirebuli saqarTvelos sabWoe­
bis I yrilobaSi, sadac airCies centraluri aRmasrulebeli komite­
tis wevrad. 1926-1928 ww.-Si saWoTa xelisuflebam gadayenebuli iv.

594
javaxiSvilis magier T. Rlonti daniSna saxelmwifo universitetis
reqtorad 240, 275, 281, 334, 340, 341, 355, 446

y
yifiani ruben luarsabis Ze _ social-demokrati. pirvel­dawyebiTi
ganaTleba miiRo sofel lailaSis saswavlebelSi. mis poetur nawar­
moebebs da moTxrobebs beWdavda: „mogzauri“, „Teatri da cxovreba“,
„eSmakis maTraxi“, „maTraxi da salamuri“ da sxva Jurnali-gazeTebi.
aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli 1905 w-is revoluciaSi, aqtiurad monawileob­
da 1905 wlis revoluciaSi, xelmZRvanelobda raWa-leC­xum-svaneTis
gamosvlebs. demokratiuli respublikis periodSi eweoda aqtiur
politikur moRvaweobas, iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 351

S
SaraSiZe daviT grigolis Ze _ (qristine SaraSiZis Zma), so­
cial-demokrati, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokratTa rusul enaze gamomaval gazeT
„Борьба“-s redaqtori; „brZolis xmis“ redaqtori, „damoukidebeli
saqarTvelos“ Tanaredaqtori; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis ga­
mavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 61, 107, 246, 306, 471, 472
SaraSiZe qristine giorgis asuli _ politikuri da sazogado
moRvawe, filologi, pedagogi, social-demokratiuli partiis wev­
ri 1905 wlidan. 1899-1904 ww-Si swavlobda quTaisis wm. ninos qalTa
gimnaziaSi, saidanac garicxes moswavleTa revoluciur moZraobaSi
monawileobisTvis. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 w-is revoluciur
moZraobaSi. muSaobda maswavleblad quTaisis kerZo gimnaziaSi (1907),
iyo quTaisis saxalxo universitetis gamgeobis wevri (1910-1911); sa­
bavSvo Jurnal „jejilis“ saredaqcio kolegiis wevri; 1919 wels air­
Cies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. damfuZnebel krebaSi
iyo krebis prezidiumis umcrosi mdivani, sabiblioTeko, saredaqcio
d saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiebis wevri (1919-1921), parlamentis wev­
robisas aqcents umTavresad saxalxo janmrTelobis kanonmdeblobasa
da ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis problemebze svamda. iyo qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobisa da
Tbilisis universitetis damfuZnebeli sazogadoebis wevri. saqar­
Tvelos demokratiuli respublikis sabWoTa ruseTis mier okupire­
bis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi da monawileobda winaaRmdegobis
moZraobaSi. Sedioda saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis qalTa komitetSi, romlis mizani politpatimarTa ojaxebis
daxmareba iyo 59, 61, 63, 79, 107, 117, 154, 159, 187, 201, 239, 251, 252, 291,
307, 357, 358, 397, 399, 431, 500, 501, 527, 537, 539, 542, 543

595
SarvaSiZe yadir Tanbegis Ze (SarvaSiZe yadir Tufan-begis Ze),
(ServaSiZe) _ eqimi, social-demokrati. swavlobda baTumisa da
Tbilisis klasikur gimnaziebSi. moswavleobis periodSi monawileob­
da 1905 w-is revoluciur gamosvlebSi. 1909 w-dan swavla gaag­rZela
iurievis (tartus) universitetis samedicino fakultetze. I msof­
lio omSi monawileobda rogorc samxedro eqimi, 1916 wels dabrun­
da samSobloSi da CaerTo „wiTeli jvris“ saqmianobaSi. 1917 wlidan
aqtiurad monawileobda baTumSi mimdinare politikur movlenebSi.
iyo „qarTvel muslimTa“ komitetis wevri. 1917 wels saqarTvelos
erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad. osmaleTis
mier baTumis okupaciis Semdeg saTaveSi Caudga „samuslimano saqarT­
velos ganmaTavisuflebel komitets“. demokratiuli respublikis sa­
sargeblod aqtiur propagandistul muSaobas eweoda axalcixis, fo­
cxovis da zemo aWaris raionebSi. 1919 wlis dasawyisSi monawileobda
axalcixis samxedro operaciaSi. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevrad 107, 357, 358
SevCuki gerasime dimitris Ze _ rsdmp-s menSevikuri fraqciis wev­
ri, TanamSromlobda qarTul social-demokratiul partiasTan, 1919
wels airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT, Sedioda
Sromis komisiaSi 108, 154
Sengelaia (taqstSi Sengelia) leo andrias Ze _ iuristi, social­
ist-revolucioneri, 1908 wlidan ruseTis socialist-revolucioner­
Ta partiis wevri, 1917 wlidan iyo socialist-revolucionerTa parti­
is centraluri organos „Sromis“ redaqtori; aqveynebda naSromebs
agrarul sakiTxebze. 1918 wlis maisSi qarTvel eserTa ruseTis parti­
idan gamoyofis Semdeg saqarTvelos socialist-revoliucionerTa
partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomare, ck-s partiuli gazeTis
„Sromis“ redaqtori, 1919 wlidan damfuZebeli krebis wevri, eserTa
fraqciis lideri. l. Sengelaia eserebTan erTad gamoirCeoda mTavro­
bis kritikiT memarcxene poziciebidan 108, 156
ServaSiZe varlam aleqsandres Ze (Ziki) _ eqimi, swavlobda sox­
umis saswavlebelSi, umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo xarkovis universi­
tetSi. iyo marqsistuli organizaciis wevri. 1917 wlis revoluciis
Semdeg afxazeTis erovnuli sabWos Tavmjdomare gaxda. 1919 wels
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli partiis
siiT. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. – 106, 155.
Smagailovi _ inglisis sardlobis agenti 406, 407, 420, 425, 443, 489,
490, 492, 493

596
C
Ciqava aleqsandre Citos (xitus) Ze _ pedagogi, daamTavra quTaisis
sameurneo saswavlebeli. 1905 wlidan rsdmp-s menSevikuri fraqci­
is wevri; 1919 wlis TebervalSi saqarTvelos social-demokrati­
uli muSaTa partiis siiT airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad. iyo TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis wevri. a. Ciqava wlebis gan­
mavlobaSi iyo wkgs-is namdvili wevri 8, 107, 148, 149, 150, 151, 154
CixlaZe rafiel aleqsandres Ze _ pedagogi, social-demokratiuli
partiis aqtiuri moRvawe, 1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
rad, muSaobda sakontrolo komisiaSi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da erevnis ganyofilebis
wevri 1914 wlidan da amave organizaciis Tbilisis ganyofilebis wev­
ri 1917 wlidan 61, 107, 154, 200, 307
CxeiZe daviT anduyafaris Ze _ filologi, istorikosi, padagogi,
politikosi. swavlobda Tbilisis vaJTa meore teqnikumSi. swavlis
periodSive Caeba social-demokratiuli organizaciis muSaobaSi.
1906 rsdmp-s wevri gaxda. 1911 Sevida kievis universitetSi istori­
ul-filologiuri ganxriT. swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg muSaoba dai­
wyo pedagogad kievSi, sxva qarTvelebTan erTad gamoscemda Jurnal
„Заря“-s. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebli krebis wevrad
social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. misi TaosnobiT 1927 wels da­
fuZnda Telavis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisis ganyofilebis
wevri 108, 155
CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) simonis Ze _ saxelmwifo da politikuri
moRvawe. daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
ukrainaSi. 1887 garicxes novorosiiskis universitetidan, ris Sem­
degac Sevida xarkovis veterinarul institutSi Tavisufali msme­
nelis rangSi, saidanac, dauzustebeli informaciiT, 1888 garicxes
revoluciuri ideebis gamo. 1892 TanamoazreebTan erTad ayalibebs so­
cial-demokratiul organizacia „mesame dass“. 1907-1912 da 1912-1917
ww.-Si iyo me-3 da me-4 saxelmwifo saTaTbiroebis deputati Tbilisis
guberniidan, sadac 1912 wlamde Tavmjdomareobda social-demokra­
tiul fraqcias. 1918 wlis aprilSi igi gaxda axladarCeuli sakanon­
mdeblo organos, amierkavkasiis seimis Tavmjdomare, xolo amave wlis
26 maisidan _ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan erovnu­
li sabWos Tavmjdomared darCa. Tavmjdomareobda 1918 wels parizis
samSvidobo konferenciaze gasagzavn delegacias. xelmZRvanelobda
londonisa da san-remos konferenciebze qarTuli delegacias; 1919
wlis 12 marts dauswreblad airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmj­
domared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe­
bis wevri 21, 106, 408

597
Cxenkeli akaki ivanes Ze _ social-demokrati, iuristi da publi­
cisti, menSevikTa erT-erTi lideri ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi. daam­
Tavra xonis saswavlebeli da Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero seminar­
iaSi, gaficvaSi monawileobis gamo, saswavleblidan garicxes (1893).
1896-1901 ww-Si ruseTSia, kievSi, moskovsa da peterburgSi, swavlobs
iuridiul mecnierebas. studentTa revoluciur gamosvlebSi monaw­
ileobisTvis swavla veRar gaagrZela da samSobloSi dabrunda. 1902-
1904 ww-Si afxazeTSi advokatad muSaobda, ebrZoda ruseTis dampy­
roblur-Sovinistur politikas, werda statiebs qarTul da rusul
presaSi, monawileobda sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. 1907 daamTavra
laifcigis universiteti da swavla gaagrZela SveicariaSi, Jenev­
is universitetSi. 1912 wels soc. demkratiuli partiis siiT gaxda
meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputati afxazeTidan da baTum-yar­
sis olqidan. saTaTbiros tribunidan icavda e.w. „moRalate aWar­
lebis“ uflebebs da bevri adamiani gadaarCina sikvdiliT dasjas.
1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg Sevida amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli
komitetis SemadgenlobaSi. 1917-1918 wlebSi saqarTvelos erovnu­
li sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevria. amierkavkasiis demokratiuli
federaciuli respublikis damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg
gaxda axali saxelmwifos mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. 1918 wlis 26 maiss,
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg dainiSna sagareo
saqmeTa ministrd, 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. saerTaSoriso asparezze
didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos damoukideblobis cnobisTvis da
erT ligaSi miS gawevrianebisTvis. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis sruluflebiani elCi safrangeTSi, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri – 106
CxikviSvili beniamin (benia) grigolis (gigos) Ze _ politikosi,
swavlobda quTaisis sasoflo-sameurneo skolaSi, (ar dausrulebia)
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, me­
marcxene socialisti, ris gamoc bolSevizmTan siaxloves say­
vedurobdnen. ekava Tbilisis qalaqis Tavis Tanamdeboba 1919-1920,
1919 wels gaxda afxazeTis gubernatori, 1920 _ quTaisis, Semdeg
baTumis olqis general-gubernatori. 1921 wels dainiSna Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris moadgiled. 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqa­
rTvelos okupaciis Semdeg wavida emigraciaSi. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 106

c
cabaZe vasil zaqarias Ze _ social-demokrati, swavlobda Tbilisis
saxelosno saswavlebelSi. 1901 wels iyo recolucioner-demokrat­
Ta dasis wevri ioseb stalinTan erTad, Tbilisis rsdmp-s Tbilisis
komitetis wevri; Sedioda bolSevikur fraqciaSi, Semdeg miemxro

598
menSevikebs. 1918-1921 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli res­
publikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. iyo qar­
TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
cercvaZe _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure 548
cincaZe giorgi iosebis Ze _ maswavlebeli, daamTavra quTaisis sasu­
liero seminaria. social-demokratiuli partiis wevri 1905 wli­dan,
guriis 1905 wlis movlenebis monawile. 1917 wlidan iyo Tbilisis mu­
SaTa da jariskacTa sabWos wevri, Semdeg saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. iyo qa­
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107
cincaZe noe konstantines Ze _ pedagogi, fizika-maTematikosi,
politikuri d sazogado moRvawe, social-demokrati. saqar­Tve­
los demokratiuli respublikis ganaTlebis ministris moad­gile.
daamTavra sasuliero seminaria da umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo
fizika-maTematikosis specialobiT. seminariaSi swavlis periodSi so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri gaxda. 1918 wli seqtembridan iyo
Tbilisis qalTa gimnaziis direqtori, 1919 wlis 5 aprilidan saqarT­
velos demokratiuli respublikis ganaTlebis ministris moadgile.
1918 wlidan parlamentis wevria, 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri. n. cincaZem SeZlo rusuli skolebis qarTuliT Secvla, moamar­
aga saxelmZRvanelobiT da evropaSi uamravi axalgazrda gagzavna sas­
wavleblad. emigraciaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda radio „Tavi­
suflebis“ saqmianobaSi. misi iniciativiT moxda parizidan harvardis
biblioTekaSi social-demokratiuli partiis erovnuli mTavrobis
arqivis gadatana. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis wevri 21, 51, 59, 60, 61, 107, 153, 154, 155, 160, 306, 354
cincabaZe (teqstSi cincibaZe) grigol dimitris Ze _ social-­
demokrati, asoTamwyobi, 1917 wlidan saqarTvelos social-demokra­
tiuli partiis ck-s komitetis wevri, 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos parla­
mentis wevri, 1919 wels arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad 108
ciskariSvili gabriel dimitris Ze _ 1914 wlidan rsdmp-s men­
Svikuri fraqciis wevri, 1919 wels arCeul iqna saqarTvelos demokra­
tiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, aqtiur saqmianobas
eweoda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da sabiblioTeko komisiaSi. iyo
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
52, 106, 530, 535

Z
Zvelaia barnab pavles Ze _ social-demokrati. iyo senakis mazris
social-demokratiuli komitetis lideri da organizatori.1905
SeuerTda rsdm partiis menSevikur fraqcias. aqveynebda werilebs
partiul presaSi.monawileoba miiRo 1905 revoluciaSi adgilo­

599
briv doneze. social-demokrati, damoukideblobis periodSi iyo
soc.-demokratiuli partiis senakis mazris komitetis lideri da
samazro erobis xmosani. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublik­
is damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam­
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da senakis ganyofilebaTa
wevri 107, 154

w
wereTeli irakli (kaki) giorgis Ze _ iuristi, politikosi _ so­
cial-demokrati, menSevikebis erT-erTi lideri, publicisti, udide­
si qarTveli tribuni, social-demokratiuli gazeT „kvalis“ faqto­
brivi redaqtori, ruseTis meore saxelmwifo saTaTbiros opoziciis
lideri. i. wereTelma Tbilisis pirveli gimnazia oqros medliT
daamTavra da imave wels swavla moskovis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze gaagrZela. 1901 miiRo monawileoba studen­tTa mRel­
varebaSi da Tavmjdomareobda studenturi organizaciis aRmas­
rulebel komitets. dawera „Cveni miznebi“, romelic studen­tTa mis­
wrafebebs gamoxatavda. i. wereTeli moskovel studentTa moZraobis
aRiarebuli lideri gaxda. 1907 meore saxelmwifo saTaTbiros depu­
tatad airCies, sadac social-demokratiuli fraqciisa da, saerTod,
ruseTis social-demokratiis erT-erTi aRiarebuli lideri gaxda.
1917 wels gaxda ruseTis droebiTi koaliciuri mTavrobis wevri da
fosta-telegrafis ministri. 1917 wlis ruseTis Tebervlis revolu­
ciis erT-erTi meTauri. saqarTvelos delegaciis erT-erTi warmomad­
geneli versalis sazavo konferenciaze. 1917 wlis maisSi gaxda ruse­
Tis droebiTi koaliciuri mTavrobis wevri da fosta-telegrafis
ministri. droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis Semdeg _ social-demokra­
tiuli muSaTa partiis fraqcis Tavmjdomare saqarTvelos erovnul
sabWoSi da damfuZnebel krebaSi. saqarTvelos delegaciis wevri
parizis samSvidobo konferenciaze 106, 408
wulaia pavle lukas Ze (depo) _ rsdmp-s menSevikur fraqciis wevri,
1919 wlidan arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, iyo sakonsti­
tucio da gzaTa komisiebis wevri 61, 108, 155
wulaZe vasil qaixosros Ze _ social-demokrati. swavlobda soflis
skolaSi da baTumis gimnaziaSi. monawileobda guriis 1905 wlis mov­
lenebSi. 1906 wlidan rsdmp-s wevri, iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, muSaobda, Tbilisis ganyo­
filevaSi. iyo saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 108, 200

600
W
WavWaniZe ivane Tedores Ze _ maTematikosi, pedagogi, politikosi,
daamTavra moskovis universitetis maTematikis fakulteti. studen­
tobidanve SeuerTda menSevikur fraqcias. 1917 wlis Tebervlis rev­
oluciis Semdeg arCeuli iyo xonis qalaqisTavad, 1919 wlis wlis 12
marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti­
is siiT. iyo gzaTa komisiis Tavmjdomare, samandato komisiis mdi­
vani, sarekomendacio, TviTmmarTvelobis da safinanso-sabiujeto
komisiebis wevri, paralelurad iyo momaragebis ministris, Semdeg
ki _ Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 52, 61, 107, 154, 200, 252, 253,
255, 256, 257, 325, 327, 330, 331, 459, 471, 472, 494, 496, 498, 526, 529, 530,
537, 542, 543
WeliZe Teimuraz stefanes Ze _ social-demokrati. profesiiT iyo
xarazi. ganaTleba miiRo onis sazogadoebis sasoflo skolaSi. 1905
wlidan iyo ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis „menSe­
vikebis“ fraqciis wevri. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 wlis revo­
luciur moZraobaSi raWa-leCxumSi. 1919 wels airCies saqarTvelos
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad; iyo sameurneo-sagamgeo
komisiis wevri; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri 108
WiabriSvili andria (andro) iakobis Ze (Wreli) _ politikosi,
rsdmp-s „menSevikuri“ fraqciis wevri; daamTavra pirveldawyebiTi
saqalaqo saswavlebeli. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg
airCies tfilisis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputatebis sabWos aRmas­
rulebeli komitetis wevrad. 1917 wlis noembridan saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevri. saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis, SemdgomSi
saxalxo gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli da organizatori. arCeuli
iyo saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevrad. 1918 wlis ganmavloba­
Si iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri.
1919 wels arCeuli iyo Tbilisis samazro erobis xmosnad, 1919 wli­
dan _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad. iyo sabiujeto-safinanso da samxedro komisiebis wevri. qa­
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbili­
sis ganyofilebis wevri 61, 107, 143, 144, 202, 204, 205, 224, 226, 537
WiWinaZe _ gzaTa departamentis direqtori 463
WiWinaZe nikoloz (parmen) _ eqimi, politikosi, social-demokra­
tiuli partiis menSevikuri frTis wevri, monawileobda 1905 wlis
revoluciur gamosvlebSi. 1918-1920 wlebSi iyo Sinagan saqmeTa minis­
tris, noe ramiSvilis moadgile da periodulad ministris movaleo­
bas asrulebda. 1920 wlis 3 dekembers dainiSna samxedro ministrad.

601
iyo Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgile; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. (misi dakrZalvis dRe gadai­
qca pirvel antisabWoTa demonstraciad) 531, 559

x
xalil-faSa _ TurqeTis generali 166, 167
xvalisi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxure. bol­
Seviki 548
ximSievi (ximSiaSvili) jamal-begi _ samahmadiano saqarTve­
los (aWaris) warmomadgeneli, ruseTis mxareze gadavida da mas
polkovnikoba misces 304
xomeriki noe giorgis Ze _ politikosi, daamTavra quTaisis sameur­
neo skola, sadac aralegalur wreebSi socialistur moZRvrebas
gaecno da social-demokratiuli partiis wevri gaxda. 1903-1906ww.
aqtiurad monawileobda guriis glexTa moZraobasa da guriis re­
spublikis gamocxadebaSi; iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis miwaTmoqmedebisa da Sromisa da gzaTa ministri; damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, misi TaosnobiT, 1919
wlis 31 ianvars, damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo agraruli reformis
Catarebis gadawyvetileba. reforma gulisxmobda miwis CamorTmevas
msxvili memamuleebisTvis da gadanawilebas glexobaze, saxelmwifo
sakuTrebaSi rCeboda mdinareebi, tyeebi da saZovrebi. iyo qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 73, 106, 336
xoWolava muxran-iona maqsimes Ze (muxran odiSeli) _ politiko­
si, rsdmp-s wevri, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZne­
beli krebis wevrad airCies 1919 wlis 12 martidan, iyo sakonsti­
tucio, samxedro, gzaTa da saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiebis wevri. 1920
wlisaTvis muSaobda baTumSi didi britaneTis saokupacio Zalebis
sardlobasTan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis
diplomatiur warmomadgenlad. 1921 wlis ianvarSi saqarTvelos
soc.-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis sxva 11 wevrTan erTad Camoayali­
ba opoziciuri jgufi „sxivi“ 106, 155, 157, 200
xudadovi _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsa­xu­re 548
xuciberaZe spiridon _ sofel okribas mcxovrebi 346

j
jafariZe konstantine iasonis Ze _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917 wlidan, 1918 wels demokra­
tiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarTveli. 1919 wels airCies
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumis SemadgenlobaSi,

602
iyo sakonstitucio komisiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da soxumis ganyofileba­
Ta wevri. sabWoT ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Semdeg darCa
saqarTveloSi, monawileobda antisabWoTa gamosvlebSi da propagan­
das eweoda. Sedioda social-demokratiuli partiis aralegaluri
organizaciis cekas SemadgenlobaSi 28, 52, 57, 61, 63, 64, 71, 79, 107,
117, 154, 156, 159, 187, 201, 239, 291, 307, 345, 357, 399, 431, 469, 501, 527
jafariZe sergo daviTis Ze _ social-demokrati, saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1918 wels saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarTveli, ius­
ticiis ministris moadgile, nafic msajulTa sabWos Tavmjdomare,
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namd­
vili wevri, Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri (1920). sabWoTa ok­
upaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 61, 107, 157,
485, 486, 526
jiblaZe vladimer giorgis Ze (metsaxeli: lado, petrovi) _ 1897
wlidan rsdrp-s wevri. swavlobda kulaSis skolaSi, Semdeg swavla
Tbilisis saxelosno saswavlebelSi ganagrZo. aqtiurad iyo CarTu­
li 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi; muSaobda menSevikebis fraq­
ciaSi. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg gadasaxlebidan dab­
runda, imave wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos
wevrad. iyo saqarTvelos wiTeli gvardiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli
da organizatori, saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevri; 1918 wlis
Tebervlidan _ amierkavkasiis seimis wevri. 1918 wlis ganmavlobaSi
iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri.
1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis
siiT; iyo samxedro komisiis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 107, 155
jiblaZe silibistro (silva) besarionis Ze _ politikuri lid­
eri, publicisti monawileobda 1905-1907 wlebis revoluciaSi; swav­
lobda ozurgeTis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, romlis damTavrebis
Semdeg swavla Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi gaagrZela. reqtor
Cudeckis cemisTvis 1884 igi seminariidan garicxes da ori wliT dis­
ciplinarul batalionSi gaamweses. iyo „mesame dasis“ damfuZnebeli
wevri (yvirila, 1892). iyo qarTveli social-demokratebis erT-er­
Ti lideri da kavkasiis samxedro olqis Stabis ufrosis, general
griaznovis mkvlelobis organizatori (1906); 1917 wlis noemberSi
airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 wlidan iyo saqa­
rTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis ck-s wevri, amierka­
vkasiis seimis wevri 1918 wlis Tebervlidan. 1919 wlis TebervalSi
airCies damfuZnebel krebis wevrad. damfuZnebeli krebis pirveli
sxdoma, rogorc krebis uxucesma wevrma, s. jiblaZem gaxsna. iyo qarT­

603
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 17,
21, 106, 155, 411
jorbenaZe _ gaficuli, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsa­xu­re 548
juReli valeriani (varlam) anTimosis Ze (valerian anTimozis
Ze) _ qarTveli politikosi da samxedro piri, (social-demokratiuli
partiis wevri, menSevikuri fraqcia), Tbilisis muSaTa da jariskac­
Ta deputatebis sabWos aRmasrulebebli komitetisa da saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1918 wlidan amierkavkasiis seimisa da saqa­
rTvelos parlamentis wevri.) 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri (social-demokratiuli muSaT partiis siiT), samxedro komisiis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. emigraciaSi sxva samxedroebTan erTad SeimuSava ajanyebis ge­
gma. safrangeTSi specialuri wvrTnis gavlis Semdeg aralegalurad
dabrunda saqarTveloSi, Sevida damoukideblobis komitetis samxe­
dro komisiaSi da saTaveSi Caudga ajanyebis samzadiss 106, 155

А
Агаевъ – [agaevi hasan beg meSadi husein oRli] _ eqimi, Jurnalisti,
sazogado da politikuri moRvawe. 1918 wlis 7 dekembridan azerbai­
janis demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomaris moad­
gile 53

Г
Гаглоев Георгий – [gagloevi giorgi] _ social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis samxreT oseTis demokratiuli organizaciebis konferenciis
Tavmjdomare. rsdr partiis wevri 1900 wlidan, londonis komparti­
is yrilobis delegati, pirveli social-demokratiuli jgufebis or­
ganizatori e.w. samxreT oseTSi 251

З
Зурабовъ А. – [zurabovi a.] _ saqarTveloSi somexTa erovnuli sabWos
Tavmjdomare 54

К
Качеишвили – [yaWeiSvili] _ glexTa deputatTa sabWos warmomadgene­
li, axalqalaqis olqis yvela Temisa da soflis warmomadgeneli 241

М
Мейбомъ _ [meibomi] _ saqarTveloSi germaniis erovnuli sabWos Tav­
mjdomare 54

604
Н
Наримановъ А. – [narimanovi a.] _ musulmanTa erovnuli sabWos Tavmj­
domare saqarTveloSi 54

С
Спилiоти – [spilioti n.] _ berZenTa erovnuli sabWos Tavmjdomaris
amxanagi (moadgile), Semdgom Tavmjdomare 64

Т
Темирхановъ _ [temirxanovi] _ kavkasiis mTielTa respublikis sakav­
Siro sabWos Tavmjdomare 64

Тарновскiй Князь – [ternovski] Tavadi, sxdomaze gamovida kavkasiis


mTielTa respublikis mTavrobis ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris na­
cvlad 63
Тигранянъ – [tigraniani] _ somxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri 53

Х
Хатисовъ Александръ – [xatisovi aleqsandre ivanes Ze (xatisiani)] _
somxeTis respublikis mTvrobis warmomadgeneli _ tfilisis admin­
istraciuli sabWos wevri 1905 wels, 1908-1910 ww. _ Tbilisis Ta­
vis moadgile. daamTavra vaJTa pirveli gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
moskovis universitetis samedicino fakultetze, Semdgom xarkovis
universitetis samedicini fakultetze, italiaSi, safrangeTsa da
germaniaSi Seiswavla higiena, sazogadoebrivi, samarTaldamcavi da
municipaluri saqme. 1910 wlidan arCeul iqna qalaqis Tavad. pirveli
msoflio omis dros xatisovi Tavmjdomareobda qalaqebis aliansis
kavkasiis komitets. xatisovi iyo somxeTis moxaliseTa razmebis da
somexi ltolvilebis daxmarebis erT-erTi organizatori. 1916 wels
aqtiurad monawileobda dasavleT somxeTidan devnilebis dasaxmare­
blad, romelTagan bevrma TavSesafari hpova tfilisSi. 1915-1917
wlebSi arCeul iqna somxeTis erovnuli biuros Tavmjdomaris moadg­
iled (tfilisi). 1917 wels gadadga qalaqis Tavis Tanamdebobidan da
SeuerTda daSnakcuTiunis partias (oficialurad soxeTis revolu­
ciuri federacia, SemoklebiT daSnaki). meTurobda somxeTis erovnul
biuros, Tavmjdomareobda somxeTis politikuri partiebis krebas.
monawileobda somxeTis erovnuli sabWos SeqmnaSi. 1918 wlis aprilSi
amierkavkasiis demokratiuli federaciuli respublikis Seqmnis Sem­
deg dainiSna finansTa da sursaTis ministrad, agreTve amierkavkasiis
seimis mTavrobis qvelmoqmedebis ministrad. iyo somxeTis mTavrobis

605
Tavmjdomare, somxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri, sakrebulos wevri
da erT-erTi saqalaqo komisiis Tavmjdomare 53
Терхачатурянъ Грикоръ – [terxaCaturiani griqor] _ somxeTis sab­Wos
Tavmjdomaris warmomadgebeli 53

Э
Емухвари (Эмухвари) – [emuxvari arzayan (dimitri) konstantines Ze] _
afxazi politikuri moRvawe, afxazeTis saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare.
swavlobda quTaisis sasuliero seminariaSi (1896), sadac Caeba rev­
oluciur moZraobaSi da dauaxlovda qarTvel nacionalistebs da
mesamedaselebs. „soxumis respublikis“ lideri (1905). iyo afxazeTis
mTavrobisa da saxalxo sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos damfuZne­
beli krebis wevri (1919-1921) a. emuxvari proqarTuli orientaciis
afxazTa lideri iyo da swored misi didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad, 1919
w-is 20 marts axlad arCeulma afxazeTis saxalxo sabWom Tavis pirve­
live sxdomaze miiRo dadgenileba avtonomiuri statusiT saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis SemadgenlobaSi afxazeTis Sesvlis
Sesaxeb 64

606
adgilTa saZiebeli

a aWara 180
abasTumani 172, 178 axalqalaqi 87, 164, 165, 166, 167,
aderbaijani, aderbeijani 12, 168, 187, 240, 246, 252, 288, 304, 305,
31, 52, 73, 88, 164, 173, 174, 176, 248, 393, 416, 502, 528, 530, 535, 536, 537
253, 256, 388, 460, 464, 465, 467, 468 axalcixe (mazra) 50, 51, 65, 67,
adleri 305 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 87, 160, 161,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
avstraliis federatiuli re-
170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178,
spublika 120
180, 182, 183, 187, 188, 192, 193,
avstria 119, 520 199, 240, 246, 252, 288, 304, 305,
azerbeijani 255, 290, 343, 372, 308, 358, 393, 416, 537
377, 460, 464, 465, 467 axtala 109, 113, 114
azia 23
aleqsandropoli _ aleq­san­ b
drupolisi (Alexandrupolis) 101
baTomi/baTumi 87, 164, 165, 169,
amerika/amerikis SeerTe­bu­li 180, 285, 286, 394, 403, 405, 406,
Statebi 23, 41, 88, 98, 120, 219, 407, 408, 424, 425, 427, 461
231, 343, 344, 382, 404, 411, 418,
baqo 164, 173, 248, 279, 405, 408,
419, 440, 442
427, 550
amierkavkasia 14, 20, 24, 25, 176,
belgia 119
205, 211, 252, 253, 288, 396, 405
berlini 511
anaria 394
bzibi (bzifi) 271, 272, 274, 280,
artaani, arataani 172, 180, 304, 305, 415
392, 393, 404, 406, 414, 416, 420,
422, 423, 424, 425, 426
borCalo 87, 88, 89, 308, 333, 408,
427, 449, 450, 502, 528, 530, 535, 536
ardagani 165, 416
borjomi 45, 165
arTvini 172
brazilia 373
arpaCai 404
bresti 394, 400, 401
afxazeTi 74, 86, 415
aRmosavleT-samxreT kavkasia 393
g
aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo 173
gagra/gagris olqi 171, 271,
awyuri 169, 170, 416 305, 392, 414, 415, 422, 423, 424, 425

607
ganja 248 T
germania 32, 54, 81, 98, 99, 100, Tbilisi 89, 110, 113, 114, 129,
166, 372, 373, 374, 390, 391, 394, 137, 165, 214, 248, 333, 343, 348,
400, 401, 402, 403, 410, 426, 428, 358, 388, 405, 406, 422, 423, 450,
489, 520 455, 536, 550, 555
giundaSi 304 Telavi 104, 105, 109, 113
golandia/holandia 18, 299 TianeTi 222, 333, 450, 451, 453,
goris mazra 464 454
gulgula 104, 109, 113, 114 TrialeTi 536
guria 447
i
d imereTi 447, 464
dania 373 inglisi 32, 81, 98, 120, 233, 255,
271, 272, 278, 280, 281, 284, 305,
dasavleT evropa 98, 165, 269,
332, 344, 374, 385, 390, 391, 392,
332, 340
393, 395, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407,
didi britaneTi 23, 73 408, 409, 411, 413, 416, 420, 421,
donis raioni 275, 281 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428,
dorpati (tartu) 358 429, 441, 451, 489, 490, 520, 535
duSeTi 83, 103, 222, 447, 454 indoeTi 411, 421
ispania/espania 18, 551
e
evlaxis raioni 464 k
evropa 23, 30, 67, 74, 81, 82, 84, 88, kavkasia 164, 165, 168, 173, 285,
94, 97, 98, 279, 298, 318, 332, 391, 343, 344, 393, 396, 403, 408, 409,
392, 418, 419, 433, 458, 488, 505 427, 485, 555
ekaterinenfeldi 536 kavkasionis qedi 213
erzrumi/erzerumi 515 kaxeTi 45, 111, 160, 240, 247, 249,
251, 288, 289
v kembriji 511
vandea 126 „kolxida“ 305
varxani 170 konstantinopoli 166, 406, 408

z l
zaqaTlis olqi 87 leCxumi 349, 350, 351
zestafoni 214 litva 18
londoni 210, 406
lori/lore 101, 308

608
m r
malta 405 raWa 104, 109, 112, 113, 114, 167
mandikori 346, 347, 350 rostovi 387
mesxeTi 165, 166, 173, 180 ruseTi 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29,
metexi 348 30, 31, 32, 33, 43, 44, 46, 67, 74, 81,
83, 121, 163, 164, 166, 173, 174, 179,
meqveni 349, 351
180, 185, 224, 225, 261, 268, 279,
meqsika 323 284, 285, 288, 295, 296, 298, 299,
mexadiri/maxadiri 271, 426 300, 301, 315, 331, 372, 374, 375,
mTielTa respublika 18, 63, 64, 377, 379, 381, 382, 383, 387, 388,
73, 88, 421 395, 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 407,
moskovi 88, 97, 101, 284, 406 408, 412, 419, 421, 424, 435, 438,
441, 449, 473, 484, 508, 510, 515,
moxisi 452
519, 520, 531, 538, 550, 551, 554, 555
mtkvari 304
s
n
saberZneTi (elini) – 18
naxiCevani 405
samtredia 210
novorosia 275
samuslimano saqarTvelo 74,
norvegia 18 180, 181, 308, 357, 358, 429
samxreT amerikis saxelmwifo
o 372, 373
odesa 403, 409 samxreT kavkasia 168, 393
ozurgeTi 393, 394 samxreT oseTi 251
okriba 345, 347, 348, 349, 351, 353, safrangeTi 17, 23, 67, 68, 70, 71,
446, 447, 448, 449, 451, 452, 453, 90, 98, 102, 118, 121, 126, 128, 135,
455, 456, 457, 459 140, 230, 235, 259, 260, 284, 299,
osmaleTi 29, 31, 83, 159, 163, 164, 322, 323, 343, 344, 352, 372, 373,
165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, 179, 374, 377, 382, 389, 391, 403, 404,
180, 183, 298, 300, 393, 394, 402, 407, 408, 411, 436, 439, 441, 442,
403, 404, 408, 409, 410, 416, 417, 458, 488, 489
427, 441, 449 saqarTvelo 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
„otradnoe“ 305 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
46, 50, 54, 57, 58, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69,
70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79, 80, 81, 82,
p 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94,
parizi 88, 98, 271, 284, 374, 380, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 103, 110, 114,
391, 400, 401, 402, 423 117, 131, 137, 145, 147, 152, 159,
petrogradi 263, 408 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169,
poloneTi 18 170, 171, 172 173, 179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 201, 202
TiTqmis yvela gverdze

609
seidi 304 y
senaki 210 yarajala 109, 113, 114
serbia 120 yarsis olqi 164, 165, 180, 304,
siRnaRi 126, 214 305, 393, 403, 404, 416, 515
somxeTi 18, 30, 31, 53, 73, 88, 166, yubani/kubani 274, 275, 281, 282
167, 173, 290, 343, 377, 405, 460, 492,
535 S
soWi 183, 271, 272, 275, 276, 277, 280, Sveicaria 17, 23, 41, 119, 121, 129,
281, 287, 304, 307, 392, 406, 414, 415, 136, 140, 141, 233, 258, 262, 263,
423 264, 269, 324, 343, 372, 442, 488
soxumi 87, 129, 183, 392 Soreuli CrdiloeTi 473
sparseTi 18, 377, 441
stamboli 173, 271 C
surami 210, 464 Cili 373
Coloqi mdinare 394
t CrdiloeT kavkasia 173, 343
tamali 304
tfilisi/Tfilisi 17, 24, 27, 42, c
45, 46, 49, 57, 63, 79, 83, 117, 139,
cimbiri 473
187, 201, 239, 251, 291, 303, 307,
332, 338, 357, 393, 399, 431, 450,
451, 454, 455, 461, 462, 469, 486, Z
495, 501, 510, 527, 532, 550, 553 Zegvi 359, 400, 420, 432, 450, 470,
tyibuli 31, 32 487, 488, 492, 494, 310
Ziranura 304
u
ukraina 18, 31, 403 w
wyneTi 105
f
foTi 136, 451, 461 x
focxovis raioni/focxveri xaniori 304, 416
167, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183, 308, xaSuri 104, 113, 214
392, 393, 404, 406, 414, 416, 422,
423, 424, 425, 426
j
javaxeTi 165, 166, 173
q
quTaisi 45, 83, 137, 199, 201, 310,
h
337, 345, 349, 352, 359, 399, 432,
446, 456, 469, 532 holandia 18

610
С
Северный полюс – 552
Тифлис – 54, 552

611
I tomis pirTa saZieblebisTvis gamoyenebuli wyaroebi:

1. general Salva maRlakeliZis mogonebebi: 1917 weli.


https://www.militarium.org/shalva-maglakelidzis-mogonebebi-5/
2. verulava T. tfilisis Tavi aleqsandre xatisovi
https://burusi.wordpress.com/2011/01/12/aleksander-khatisov-2/
3. saqarTvelos biografiuli leqsikoni
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/bios/ka
4. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika (1918-1921) enciklo­
pedia-leqsikoni. mTavari redaqtori – prof. dimitri SveliZe, gamo­
cemis mTavari redaqtori – zurab gaiparaSvili. ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba. 2018.
5. saqarTvelos prosopografia
http://prosopography.iliauni.edu.ge/persons/article/4965
6. universaluri enciklopediuri leqsikoni
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=14&t=37024
7. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli (qSwkg) sazoga­
doebis wevrTa saZiebeli
(1879-1927 ww.) http://www.nplg.gov.ge/ilia/ka/
8. Исторический словарь. https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/hist_dic/10714
9. Электронная библиотека исторических документов. Ауербах
В.А. http://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/225-

613

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