eZRvneba saqarTvelos d e mo k r at i uli r e s p ubli k i s

d amfuZnebel i kre bi s 100 w li s Tav s

 saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
dokumentebi

7 tomad

tomis saredaqcio sabWo

irakli iakobaSvili, mzia xositaSvili, emzar jgerenaia
saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba

sxdomis oqmebi

tomi II

1919 wlis 30 maisi _ 25 ivlisi

Tbilisi 2019
UDC(uak)328(479.22)+94(479.22)
s-323

seria: saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dokumentebi

saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebi. 7 tomad. tomi II;

1919 wlis 30 maisi _ 25 ivlisi. ideis avtori da Semdgeneli _ irakli
iakobaSvili, wignis redaqtori da saZieblis Semdgeneli _ mzia xosi­
taSvili. winaTqma emzar jgerenaiasi.
Tbilisi, saqar­Tvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis ga­
mocema. 2019 weli. 481 gverdi.

ISBN 978-9941-9652-8-9 (yvela tomis)

ISBN 978-9941-9620-6-6 (meore tomis)

`saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebis~ 7-tomeulSi

Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli
krebis plenaruli sxdomis oqmebi. sxdomis oqmebi wignis saxiT pir­
velad qveyndeba. gamocema daexmareba saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis
da sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis mkvlevrebs. `saqarTvelos
damfuZnebeli kreba. sxdomis oqmebis~ cifruli versia xelmisawvdo­
mia saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekis cifrul bib­
lioTekebSi.

© saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka, 2019

 sarCevi

meocdaerTe sxdoma 7
ocdameore sxdoma 49
ocdamesame sxdoma 77
ocdameoTxe sxdoma 83
ocdamexuTe sxdoma 105
meocdaeqvse sxdoma 119
ocdameSvide sxdoma 139
ocdamerve sxdoma 189
ocda mecxre sxdoma 217
ocdameaTe sxdoma 241
meocdaTerTmete sxdoma 281
meocdaTormete sxdoma 287
ocdamecamete sxdoma 309
meocdaToTxmete sxdoma 317
meocdaTxuTmete sxdoma 351
meocdaTeqvsmete sxdoma 361
ocdameCvidmete sxdoma 371
meocdaTvramete sxdoma 391
ocdamecxramete sxdoma 399
meormoce sxdoma 423
pirTa saZiebeli 439
adgilTa saZiebeli 475
II tomis pirTa saZieblebisTvis gamoyenebuli wyaroebi 481
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaerTe sxdoma

1919 w. maisis 30. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­ro­si am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
konstantine jafariZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 12 saaTsa da 30 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT dabrZandeT.

mdivani. damduZnebel krebas mouvida mravali depeSebi dResas­
waulis gamo. zogierT maTgans mogaxsenebT (kiTxulobs) azerbaijanis
parlamentisa da azerbaijanis parlamentis socialistur fraqciis
milocvis depeSebs _ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan
wlis Tavis Sesrulebis gamo.
prezidiums mouvida gancxadeba krebis wevris kiknaZisa, romelic
Txo­ulobs erTi TviT ganTavisuflebas avadmyofobis gamo.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad. es SecdomiT aris Semotanili. gTxovT,
waikiTxoT dRiuri wesrigi,

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

mdivani. sanam dRiur wesrigs mogaxsenebdeT, neba momeciT wavi­

kiTxo komisebSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtTa sia:

7
 1. ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti saSualo saswavlebelTaT­
vis arsbul avansis 150 maneTidan 1000 man. gadidebis Sesaxeb. gadaece­
ma sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
2. gzaTa ministris proeqti dekretisa axalcixe-axalqalaq-arta­
anisa da soxum-axalsenakis gzatkecilebis SesakeTeblad 800,000 man.
gadadebis Sesaxeb. gadaecema gzaTa da sabiujeto safinanso komisiaT.
3. ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti pirveldawyebiTi skolebi­
saTvis maswavlebelTa mosamzadeblad sazafxulo kursebis mowyobis
Sesaxeb. gadaecema ganaTlebis da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti. _ rkinis gzis kategoriis gareSe myof agen­

tebisaTvs jamagiris momatebis kanonisa. momxsenebelia gr. naTaZe.
2. saboloo teqsti _ kanonisa samoqalaqo kanonTa krebulis me-10
tom. 1 naw. me-9 muxlisa da sisxlis samarTlis debulebis me-1665 mux­
lis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia gr. naTaZe.
3. saboloo teqsti _ borCalo-axalqalaqis mazrebSi saerobo
yrilobaTa xmosnebis ricxvis gansazRvris dekretisa. momxsenebelia
grigol naTaZe.
4. saboloo teqsti _ epidemiaSi brZolasTan daRupul da Sromis
unar dakargul mosamsaxureTa da maTi ojaxebis daxmarebis kanonisa.
momxsenebelia gr. naTaZe.
5. pirveli ganxilva dekretisa mTavrobis gankargulebaSi
20,000,000 maneTis gadidebis Sesaxeb _ adgilobriv saqonlis ucxoeT­
Si gasatanad, dasamzadeblad da ucxoeTidan saqonlis saqarTveloSi
Semosatanad. mom­xsenebelia d. TofuriZe.
6. pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa dazaralebul meomarTa
ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebelia z. guruli.
7. adgilobriv mmarTvelobis da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis dad­
genileba, romelic Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti 1915-1917
w.w. saerobo xarjT-aRricxvis 1919 wlisTvis gangrZobis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebelia gab. ciskariSvili.
8. gagrZeleba msjelobisa soc.-revol. fraqciisa _ Sinagan saqme­
Ta da iusticiis ministrTa mimarT SekiTxvis Sesaxeb. gaficvisTvis qa­
laqis mosamsaxureTa gadasaxlebisa da dapatimrebis gamo.
9. SekiTxva soc.-rev. fraqciisa gzaTa ministrisadmi _ Savi zRvis
rkinis gzaze saxazino qonebis datacebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva dRiuri wesrigis Sesax­
eb? sityva aravis surs. maSasadame wesrigi miRebulia. sityva ekuT­
vnis krebis wevrs naTaZes.

8
 saboloo teqsti.

gr. naTaZe. (saredaqcio komisiis saxeliT kiTxulobs dRiuri wes­

rigSi aRniSul kanonebis da dekretis saboloo teqsts, romelsac
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad amtkicebs.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: mTavrobis gankarguleba-
Si 20 milioni maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebel TofuriZes. (xmebi: TofuriZe ar aris)
Semdegi kiTxva:

pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa dazaralebul

meomarTa ojaxebis dax­m arebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli z. guruli.
zaqaria guruli. mdgomare wlis dasawyisSi, rodesac Cven somx­
ebTan brZola gvqonda, rodesac yovel dRe aTobiT axalgazrdoba
ixoceboda da, kidev meti, saxiCrdeboda yovel dRe, yovel dRes emate­
boda oblebi da upatronod darCenili ojaxebi, mwvaved daisva kiTxva
maTi uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. magram maSin ver scnobdnen mosaxerxeb­
lad ese saCqarod mieRoT kanoni pensiebis Sesaxeb. amitom saqarTve­
los parlamentma miiRo mTavrobis mier warmodgenili droebiTi wesi
_ omSi dazaralebulTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. es droebiTi wesebi
ZalaSi iqneba manam, sanam damuSavdeba saerTo wesi pensiebis Sesaxeb.
arsebuli droebiTi wesebi uzrunvelyofs daxmarebiTi saxiT ofi­
crebs, an gardacvalebul ojaxebs maTi jamagirebis ori mesamediT,
xolo jaris kacebs an gvardielebs _ moxaliseebs _ maTi ojaxebis _ ja­
magirebis ori mesamedi, im jamagirebisa, romelsac isini Rebulobd­
nen manam jarSi wavidodnen. magram es droebiTi wesebi, parlamentis
mier miRebuli, 1991 wlis 31 ianvars, Seexeboda mxolod somxebTan
omSi dazaralebulTa. pirvel muxlSi, am droebiTi wesebis pirvel
muxlSi pirdapir sweria: (kiTxulobs)
maSasadame, es droebiTi wesi ar Seexeba yvela imas, vinc dazaral­
da danarCen frontze, an vinc dazaraldeba Semdeg Cveni teritori­
is dasacavad. aman ki TavisTavad Seqmna uxerxuloba. sxva frontebze
dazaralebulni, anda gardacvalebulebis ojaxebi modiodnen erTi
mxriT samxedro saministroSi da meore mxriT gvardiis StabSi da es
dawesebulebani maT Txovnas ver akmayofilebdnen, vinaidan droebiTi
wesebi ar gulisxmobda maT. ai amis gamo samxedro ministris TanaSem­
wem, Tanaxmad mTavrobis dadgenilebisa, warmogidginaT Tqven droe­
biTi wesebi, romelic Seicavda ara marto somxebTan omSi dazarale­
bulT, aramed yvela frontebze, sadac ki aseTi hqonda saqarTvelos
respublikas. samxedro komisiam ganixila warmodgenili droebiTi

9
wesebi da naxa, rom iq Secvlili iyo mxolod pirveli muxli saqarTve­
los parlamentis mier miRebul 31 ianvris droebiT wesebSi, romelic
Sesdgeba 16 muxlidan, yvela danarCeni muxlebi iseTive iyo datovebu­
li, rogorc iyo miRebuli parlamentis mier. amitom samxedro komis­
iam ufro SesaZlod scno, saqmis gaiolebisaTvis, gamocemuliyo ara
droebiTi wesis gameoreba, aramed kanoni, romlis ZaliT gamocemuli,
ukve arsebuli droebiTi wesi gavrceldeba yvela frontze dazara­
lebulTa da maT ojaxebze. samxedro komisiaSi am kiTxvis gadawyvetis
dros, rasakvirvelia, iyvnen warmomadgenlebi samxedro uwyebis da
isinic amas iziardnen. da es Tqvens winaSe gansaxilvelad warmodge­
nili kanoni Sesdgeba sul sami muxlidan. me nebas mivcem Cems Tavs wa­
vikiTxo es kanoni: (kiTxulobs). ai es mTeli kanoni, romlis ZaliTac,
maSasadame, arsebuli wesebi, gamocemuli saqarTvelos parlamentis
mier, gavrcelebuli iqneba yvelaze, vinc dazaralda 1918 wlis ian­
vris pirvel dRidan, an vinc dazaraldeba awic. aqve unda SevniSno,
rom teqstSi, albad yuradRebas miaqcevdiT, „Sinaur an gareSe mter­
Tan brZolaSi, an Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros“. es ukanaskneli
sityvebi: „Tavis movaleobis asrulebis dros“, komisiam Seitana imi­
tom, rom ar darCeniliyo daxmarebis gareSe da Semdeg calke kanonis
gamocema ar dagvWirveboda im jariskacebis an gvardielebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic pirdapir frontze omSi brZolis dros ar momkvdaran da
ar dazaralebulan, magram movaleobis asrulebis dros, SemTxveviT.
aseTi magaliTebi aris. SemTxvevebi yofila, rom samxedro sawyobTan
dgomis dros moxda Tavdacema, roca is icavda xazinis qonebas. maSasa­
dame, Tu xazinis qonebis dacvis dros is daiWra an mokvda. ai aq am si­
tyvis damatebiT komisias miznad hqonda, rom kanonSi moqceuliyo isic
da calke kanonis gamocema misTvis mere ar dagvWirveboda. es kanoni
aris warmodgenili, romelsac gTxovT samxedro komisia miiRoT dRes.
Tavmjdomare. kanoni reglamentis ZaliT ganixileba Semdeg. Sem­
degi _ komisia Txoulobs, rom dekreti, adgilobriv mmarTvelobis da
TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis dadgenileba, romliTac Sinagan saqmeTa
ministris kanon-proeqti 1815-1917 w. saerobo xarjT-aRricxvis 1918
wlisTvis gangrZobis Sesaxeb _ moxsnili iqmnas. radganc komisias amis
ufleba aqvs, es dekreti droebiT moxsnilia.
sityva am me-17 sakiTxis Sesaxeb ekuTvnis momxsenebels ciskariS­
vils.
gabr. ciskariSvili. (s.-d.) adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis komis­
iSi Semosuli iyo kanoni Sinagan saqmeTa saministros 1915-1917 wels
xarjT-aRricxvis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb 1919 wlisaTvisac, magram,
vinaidan pirobebi Seicvala da Zveli xarjebi ar gamodgeba am drois­
aTvis, amitom Sinagan saqmeTa saministro SeuTanxmda TviTmmarTvelo­
bis komisias da es kanoni droebiT moxsna, vinem komisia SeimuSavebs
axal proeqts.

10
 Tavmjdomare. moxsnili gaxlavT. Semdegi sakiTxi.

gagrZleba msjelobisa soc.-rev. fraqciis Sinagan da iusticiis

ministrTa mimarT SekiTxva _ Sesaxeb gaficvisTvis qalaqis mosamsax-
ureTa gadasaxlebis da dapatimrebis gamo.
sityva ekuTvnis b. Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris sityva

noe ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! so­

cial-revolucionerTa fraqciis SekiTxva mimarTulia qalaqis TviTm­
marTvelobisadmi, magram vinaidan is partia, romlis warmomadgenel­
nic aq sxedan, iseTi revolucionuri aris, _ rom revolucionurma
demokratiam mas arc erTi saxmosno adgili ar arguna Tbilisis TviT­
mmarTvelobaSi, amitom am SekiT­xviT gamodian aq.
is, rac unda eTqvaT umTavresad mdgomareobs SemdegSi: b-nni es­
erebi acxadeben, rom mmarTvel partiis politika daSorda ara Tu
socializms, demokratizmsac ki. umTavresi maTi sabuTi aris is, rom
am xnis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc isini irwmunebian, Cven vadgivarT
gzas TviTnebobisas, dapatimrebisas, gadasaxlebisa da sxva adminis­
tratiul zomebisas. amitom me saWirod mimaCnia ganvacxado aq, Tu
marTla rogor iqceva revolucionuri mTavroba iseT xanebSi, iseT
momentSi, romelsac ganicdis dRes Cveni respublika. es SeiZleba
saWiro iyos SemdegisTvis, rom aseTi SekiTxva iSviaTi iyos da sxva
SekiTxvebi monaxon. ai b-nebo ara Cvenma mTavrobam, aramed revolu­
cionur konventma 1793 w. gamosca dekreti, romliTac revolucio­
nur tribunals mianiWa Zveli wyobilebis momxreebis respublikis
sazRvrebidan gaZevebis ufleba, amasTan mogaxsenebT imasac, rom
revoliucionuri tribunali moqmedebda ara kanonis Tanaxmad, b-no
socialist-revoliucionerebo, aramed Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr.
imave wels konventma gamosca dekreti moqalaqeTa sayovelTao gaCx­
rekis Sesxeb. roca jari gaiwvies sazRvrebze respublikis dasaca­
vad da mTavrobam ar icoda, rogor unda aelagma Zveli wyobilebis
momxreni, dadgenil iqmna, emigrantebis, yofil aznaurTa, mTavrobis
mowinaaRmdegeTa da maTi naTesavebis datusaReba, rogorc mZevlebi­
sa. imave 1793 w. konventma gamosca gansakuTrebuli dekreti, romlis
TanaxmaT unda daepatimrebiaT „yvela saeWvo pirebi, romelnic res­
publikis teritoriaze imyofebian da dRemdis Tavisufalni arian“,
rogorc naTqvamia dekretSi. dasasrul am dekretis me-10 muxliT
mTavrobas ufleba eZleoda sapatimroSi daetovebina is pirni, ro­
melTaTvis SeuZlebeli iyo garkveulad raime braldebis wamoyeneba.
ai ase iqceoda revoliucionuri safrangeTi. marTalia im Tvalsaz­
ris, romlisac eserebis fraqciaa, am Tvalsazrisis warmomadgenel­

11
nic iyvenen safrangeTSi, magram iciT vin iyvnen isini? roialistebi.
da Cven viciT, rom agreTve revoliucionur ruseTSiac iyvenen ase­
Ti azris warmomadgenelni da iciT vin? kadetebi da sxva aseTebi;
CvenSiac arian, rasakvirvelia, monaTesave jgufebi (xmauroba, rep­
likebi ar ismis!)... me siamovnebiT movismen Tqven gancxadebas, me unda
mogaxsenod, rom axlandeli roialistebi Cveni kadetebi arian da aq
Tu Tqven daukvirdebiT, CvenSi iyvnen aseTi revoliucionur zomebis
winaaRmdeg ruseTis moxeleebi, swored is moxeleebi, romelnic so­
cialist-revoliucionerTa partiis umTavres burjs warmoadgenen.
marTalia, exla es moxeleebi bolSevikoben, magram Cven viciT, Tu ras
niSnavs es bolSevizmi da denikinizmi; Cven viciT, rom maTi survili
erTi da igive aris _ damxoba Cveni respublikisa da am mizniT isini
SeuerTdebian, rogorc sabWoTa ruseTs, agreTve denikinis ruseT­
sac. Cven saerTod xSirad gvisayvedureben, rom Tqven mimarTavT re­
spresiebs ara marto roialistebi da imaT mzgavs elementebis wi­
naaRmdeg, aramed socialistebis winaaRmdegac. me saWirod mimaCnia
mTavrobis saxeliT ganvacxado, rom diax, Cven aseT zomebs mivmar­
TavT. kerZod, mivmarTeT bolSevikebis winaaRmdegac... (denikinTan
erTad!) Tqven darwmunebuli brZandebiT, rom Cven swored denikinis
winaaRmdeg viRebT am zomebs da Tqven ki swored im dros, roca de­
nikini xmals lesavs Cveni demokratiis winaaRmdeg, maSin mimarTavT
aseT zomebs, SemogaqvT iseTi SekiTxvebi, romelic arsebiTad sa­
sargebloa denikinisTvis, xels uxsnis denikins da mis laSqars. (mar­
Talia! xma eserebisgan: „es provokaciaa“!) unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cven
marTla mivmarTavT bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg represiebs da mivmar­
TavT aseT respresiebs imitom, rom... (xmauroba. Tavmjdomare: gTx­
ovT, adgilidan nu laparakobT).
Cven viciT: _ isini arian warmomadgenelni anarqiisa, anarqia ki
saukeTeso niadagia reaqciis gasaZliereblad. me mgonia, marTlac
mWermetyveluri sityva akaki wereTlisa ukve gamarTlda, _ ruseT­
Si Cven vxedavT, rom bolSevikebs darCaT is kari, romliTac ruseTs
epatroneba Savi Zala denikinisa. amitom nuras ukacravaT SemkiTx­
velebTan, Tu Cven marTlac iseT elementebis winaaRmdeg, romelnic
faqtiurad akeTeben saqmes ara revoliuciisas, aramed reaqciisas, Tu
Cven aseT elementebis winaaRmdeg miviRebT im zomebs, romlebsac mu­
dam iRebda yoveli revoliucionuri mTavroba.
magram amboben, _ aseT zomebs mimarTavT Tqven sxva elementebis
winaaRmdegaco. es marTlia, mivmarTavT swored imitom, rom me, ro­
gorc mogaxseneT im elementebis metamorfoza, partiuli metamorfo­
za, xdeba elvis siswrafiT. Cven gvaxsovs patriotebis sazogadoeba
1905 wels, romelic gabatonebuli iyo im xanebSi da Semdeg reaqciis
xanaSic, sadac mokalaTebuli iyvnen rus muSaTa didi nawili, kerZoT
rkinis gzis saxelosnoSi. Tqven iciT, rom es nawili muSebisa am Jamad
bolSevikobs, an SeiZleba zurabovis jgufs ekedleba da xandaxan, ra­

12
sakvirvelia, im jgufsac, romlis warmomadgenlebi aq sxedan da ase­
Ti SekiTxvebi SemoaqvT. magram me unda mogaxsenoT, rom am elementebs
erTi ram amoZravebs. _ es aris survili Cveni respublikis damxobi­
sa da ruseTis aRdgenisa, sulerTia, iqneba es ruseTi denikinisa Tu
leninisa. da es miT ufro, rom maT Zalian kargad ician, rom lenin­
is batonoba droebiTia, warmavalia, rom mas ase Tu ise bolo eReba,
vinaidan anarqia sabolood versad damkvidrdeba.
ai aseTi aris Cveni pozicia, principialuri pozicia, romelsac
Cven vadgevarT da romlidanac Cven, sanam damfuZnebeli kreba Tavis
azrs ar gamoicvlis, Cven ar gadavuxvevT.
aq SekiTxvis avtorni meore nairad, Tu ase SeiZleba iTqvas,
strategiul Semovlas awarmoeben. isini laparakoben ara saerTo
represiebze. Tumca yovelTvis represiebze farTo sazomiT lapa­
rakobdnen _ dRes am SemTxvevaSi isini laparakoben qalaqis mosam­
saxureebis gaficvis gamo dapatimrebis Sesaxeb. me saWirod mimaCnia
gavnacxado, rom gaficvisTvis, rogorc aseTisTvis aravin dapatim­
rebuli ar aris da maT winaaRmdeg araviTari represiuli zomebi
ar iyo miRebuli (xmauroba). gaficvis Sesaxeb, me, rogorc winad
mogaxseneT pasuxs unda agebdes qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, b-nno so­
cialur-revoliucionerebo, ara aq, aramed iq, qalaqis TviTmmarTv­
elobaSi. (Sengelaia: meore saxelmwifoa?) meore saxelmwifo ki ar
aris, aramed is meore organoa da is organo, sadac Tqven demokra­
tiam ar gagzavnaT... (Sengelaia: meSCanebma!) ramdenad am gaficvisT­
vis surdaT miecaT politikuri sarCuli da gamoeyenebinaT es Cveni
respublikis winaaRmdeg, amis Sesaxeb, rasakvirvelia, agebs aq pasuxs
mTavroba da agebs Semdegnairad: qalaqis mosamsaxureTa delegatTa
krebaze warmoTqmuli iqna Semdegi sityva: „Tu Tqven saxelmwifos
ar aqvs fuli daixuros Tqveni saxelmwifo“... am gancxadebas kreba
mxurvale taSiscemiT Sexvda. (xma: damswreni?) diax erTma damswrem
ganacxada da yvela damswreni mxurvale taSiT Sexvda. agreTve mois­
mines meore gancxadeba: „amier-kavkasiis respublikaTa Soris unda
moiSalos yovelive sazRvari da amier-kavkasia unda SeuerTdes
ruseTis sabWoTa mTavrobas, maSin fulic gamoCndebao.“ es gancxa­
debac krebam taSiscemiT miiRo. fuli marTlac gamoCnda. es iyo
Cveulebrivi bneli Tanxa, romliTac demokratiis mowinaaRmdege­
ni, mudam demokratiis batonobas Zirs uTxrian. da ra suni udis am
fuls, romlis Sesaxeb Tqvenc iciT, es mgonia saeWvo aravisTvis ar
unda iyos. agreTve aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoeba. _ es iyo gaficvis
komitetis dadgenileba: _ albaT esec iyo dadgenileba ekonomiuri
xasiaTisa, _ rom „saavadmyofoebSi miRebuli iqmnen mxolod bolSe­
vikebi,“ da roca iseTma dadgenilebam samarTliani gancvifreba ga­
moiwvia, maSin gaficvis komitetma daadgina: „miRebul iqmnen agreTve
ltolvilebico, (xma: ltolvilebi arian igive bolSevikebi) aseTi
dadgenileba gasagebi iqneba yvelasTvis, Tu Tqven saxeSi iqoniebT

13
im garemoebas, Tu vin cdilobda gaficvis gamoyenebas. sxvaTa Soris
me aq unda garkveulad mogaxsenoT, rom gaficvis komitetSi Tavm­
jdomareobda bolSeviki kaCxoevi, mdivani iyo agreTve bolSeviki
xvalisi, xolo saerTo krebaze Tavmjdomareobda mudam bolSevi­
ki nucubiZe. diax, nucubiZe, bolSeviki, arsebobs aseTi (sicili). me
mogaxsenebT, rom Tqven albad darwmundebiT, unda hqonoda politi­
kuri xasiaTi am gaficvas da rom es ase iyo, me mgonia es icis yvelam,
garda im fraqciisa, romelic aq imyofeba. sxvaTa Soris ai ras swer­
da eserebis organo, meore eserebis organo: „Въ начавшейся забастовкѣ
без сомнънîя есть не только “экономика», но и «политика»... будь передъ
глазами служащихъ истинно демократическîй муниципалитетъ, работай они въ
атмосферъ всеобщаго сочувствîя къ думъ со стороны городского населенîя, и
нынъшнî »наемники» и «контреволюц.» едва ли бы ръшились на такой героическî
шагъ, какъ забастовка... Начавшаяся забастовка – лишь первая ласточка въ рядъ
предстоящихъ недоразумънîи конфликтовъ, питаемыхъ нынъшней внутренней и
внъшней политикой с.-д. правительства». (Народное Знамя, № 54).
da Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi imas, rom b. eserebma kargaT ician,
yovel SemTxvevaSi am revoliucionur xanaSi Tavisufal werasac aqvs
erTnairi sazRvari, me mgonia Tqven mixvdebiT Tu raSi iyo aq saqme.
saerTod Tu Tqven daukvirdebiT imas, rasac akeTebdnen ai, am xnis
ganmavlobaSi marTlac gaficvis meTaurni, Tqven darwmundebiT, rom
maTi mizani, erTad erTi, iyo ara brZola qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis
winaaRmdeg, es iyo erTnairi sababi, erTnairi xelCasakidi saSuale­
ba, magram umTavresad ki isini scdilobdnen gamowveuli moZraoba aq
daekavSirebinaT baqosTan, da maSin rasakvirvelia, TqvenTvis aSkara
iqneba is garemoeba, rom aq cxaddeba b-ni ilini, warmomadgeneli baqos
muSaTa kavSirisa da acxadebs:
Приветствую васъ, как часть россîйского пролетарîата, _ ведующаго борьбу за
право на существованîе ... Данная забастовка носитъ не только местный характер,
_ Тифлийскîй, но и закавказскîй, россиийскîй и международный. Сейчас весь мîр
разделился на два лагеря, _ труда и капитала, и наше место въ первом из нихъ». da
sxva da sxva.
esec albad imas mowmobs, rom qalaqis mosamsaxureebi SimSiliT
kvdebodnen, amitom aiRes es iaraRi xelSi, amitom ekveTen Tbilisis
qalaqis demokratiul TviTmmarTvelobas? aseT pirobebSi sruliad
aSkara unda yofiliyo... (xma: konievis sabuTi!) me konievis sabuTiT
ar mogawyenT Tavs, imitom rom konievis sabuTze aq iyo naTqvami. me
vlaparakob, rogorc warmomadgeneli mTavrobisa da ara rogorc _
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobisa. aseT pirobebSi aucilebeli iyo, moqa­
laqeno dafuZnebel krebis wevrno, am gaficvaSi mTavrobis Careva.
arasodes ar SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes iseTi gaficvebi, romel­
Tac asuldgmulebs, ara ekonomiuri mizani, aramed politikuri,
Tu es mimarTulia demokratiis winaaRmdeg. me mgoni, es Tqvenc unda
icodeT. demokratia ver gaamarTlebs, im nawils qalaqis TviTmmarT­

14
velobis mosamsaxureebisas, vinc winaT xel-fexs ulokavda somxebis
plutokratias da gaficvas mimarTa mxolod maSin, roca aq axal
saxelmwifos wyobileba ganmtkicda da saWiro iyo swored am wyo­
bilebis xelis Sewyoba.
me unda mogaxsenoT, am gaficvaSi Sexmatkbilebulni modiodnen
rogorc bolSevikebi agreTve is denikinelebi, romelnic mudam mzad
arian, yovel Zalas sadac unda iyos, ranairi xasiaTic ar unda hqondes,
SeuerTdnen, Tu es Zala mimarTuli qneba saqarTvelos demokratiisa
da saqarTvelos respublikis winaaRmdeg.
amis Semdeg social-revolucionerebi SeSfoTdnen, vinaidan es
iyo im Zvel moxeleebis damarcxeba, romelnic eserebis umTavres Zalas
warmoadgenen, sul erTia dayofilia es partia or Tu sam banakaT.
dRes, rodesac bneli Zalebi, bneli gareSe Zalebi emuqrebian Cven re­
spublikas, swored aseT SekiTxvis Semotana niSnavs mxolod erTad
erTs, denikinis waxalisebas da maTi razmebis wisqvilis abrunebas.
saqarTvelos demokratia da misi ndobiT aRWurvili mTavroba erT
wuTsac ar gadauxvevs im revoliucionur gzas, da bnel Zalis wi­
naaRmdeg, romelnic Cven demokratias da Tavisuflebas emuqrebian. is
am Zalebis winaaRmdeg miiRebs yovelnair zomebs, romelic ara erTi
gziT dadasturebulia yovelnair revoliucionur xanaSi. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. Cawerili aRaravin gaxlavT. gTxovT, SemoitanoT
winadadeba. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs CxikviSvils.
beniamen CxikviSvili (s.d). batonebo! social-revoliucionere­
bis fraqciis mier Semotanil SekiTxvis Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebas
social-­demokratiuli fraqciis saxeliT me minda mogaxsenoT Semdegi:
Tavdapirvelad SekiTxvas Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebis social-­
demokratiuli fraqciis saxeliT me minda mogaxsenoT Semdegi:
Tavdapirvelad SekiTxvis siswrafeze, romelic miRebulia Tqven
mier, radganac SemkiTxvelebma mas misces aseTi xasiaTi unda mogag­
onoT, rom es ambavi, romelmac miipyro dRes am fraqciis yuradReba
da aseT saswrafo saomar sakiTxad gauxdiaT, moxda am ori Tvis wined.
mogxsendaT imaT bagiT, rom mSromeli xalxi, proletariati gaficu­
lan da nacvlad imisa, ro demokratiul mTavrobas, demokratiul or­
ganoebs gaegoT maTi gaWirveba da moxmareboden, cixeSi Caamwyvdies,
yuradRebas ar aqcevdneno. Zalian sasurveli iyo eTqvaT maTTvis am
WeSmarit damcvelebs viTomc demokrtiis interesebisas, ratom ori
Tvis Semdeg moagondaT aseTi ambavi, Tu ki marTla aseT usamarTlo­
bas hqonda adgili TbilisSi? ratom aqamdisin ar gaiges? (Sengelaia:
mogaxseneT magaze!) is rac Tqven moixsenieT ver aris imis damasabuTe­
beli, rom Tqven saswrafod SeasruleT is vali, romelic Tqven gaw­
vaT kiserze (xmauroba). ramdenadac Tqven SeasruleT Tqveni vali da
SeasrulebT momavalSi, Cven ki amaze mogaxsenebT.
amas garda, sayuradReboa Semdegi mosazreba: aq laparakobdnen
muSebis saxeliT, sTqves, rom mSierni saWmels Txoulobdnen samar­

15
Tlianad, da Tqven isini daatusaReT, cixeSi daamwyvdieT, da sanamdis
unda iyos es TviTnebobao? (xmauroba).
batonebo! unda icodeT, rom muSebi aramc Tu ar xelmZRvanelobd­
nen, aramc Tu ar iyvnen sulis Camdgmelni am gaficvisa, maT monawileo­
bac ar miuRiaT masSi: es SeiZleba amaT ar icodnen, radganac zereled
icnoben sakiTxs.
yvela am gvari SekiTxvis daniSnuleba isaa umTavresad, rom Ta­
vianT amomrCevlebs b.b. eserebma moagonon TavianTi arseboba Cvens
saxelmwifoSi. (xamauroba). me mesmis tragikuli mdgomareoba Tqveni,
rodesac sxva araviTari dadebiTi, namdvili parlamentaruli, namd­
vili demokratiul muSaobisTvis arc Zala SegwevT, arc unari. me me­
smis, rom rogorme unda moagonoT Tqveni arseboba vismes, magram unda
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven damfuZnebel krebis wevrni xarT, da yovelTvis,
rom usafuZvlo SekiTxvebiT SeecadoT Tqveni arsebobis damtkicebas,
marTalia daamtkicebT ukidures SemTxvevaSi, rom arsebobT, magram
ara im adgilas, da ara im saxiT, romliTac unda iarseboT (taSi).
mTavrobis saxeliT Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma sTqva, es SekiTxva,
Tqven rom gyolodaT Tqveni warmomadgenelni qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobaSi iq unda gagekeTebinaTo. me davamSvideb im memercxeneebs, rom
magaTi warmomadgenelni marTalia iq ar aris, magram aris erTi kaci
iqac SemTxveviT, romelic maTi megobaria respublikis winaaRmdeg
brZolaSi. (Sengelaia: sircxvili!) Semotanili aris aseTi SekiTxva da
kidec miiRebs usaTuod pasuxs.
ministrma mogaxsenaT, rom damtkicebulad una CaiTvalos am
gaficvis politikuri xasiaTi. ese igi umTavresi misi momentebi, rom
politkuri xasiaTiT iyo gaJRenTili da ara ekonomiuriT.
CvenTvis, social-demokratebisaTvis, Zalian advili gasagebi
iyo da gagebulic gvaqvs, sazogadod gaficva, misi fsixologia, mS­
romel xalxis brZola am iaraRis saSualebiT, ra mniSvneloba da ra
fasi aqvs muSebis xelSi sazogadod gaficvas maTi interesebis da­
sacavad. Tqven memmarcxeneebi sul mcire wlovanebi xarT. jer ar
minaxavs arc erTi Tqven mier mowyobili gaficva amier-kavkasiaSi,
yovel SemTxvevaSi, rom Tqven gaficvas xelmZRvanelobdiT sadme, ma­
Sinac ki, rodesac marTla saWiro iyo aseTi gaficva muSaTa mdgo­
mareobis gaumjobesebisTvis, aSkarad carcva-glejis da yvlefis
winaaRmdeg, Tqveni unari am SemTxvevaSi Cven ar gvinaxavs, Cveni ki
Tqvenc ginaxavT. (xmauroba) Tqven damimtkiceT faqtebiT da ara xmau­
robiT (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT adgilidan nu laparakobT,
tribuna Tavisufalia, mobrZandiT da gaeciT pasuxi. gTxovT ga­
nagrZoT.
b. CxikviSvili. replikebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rasakvirvelia,
rodesac gamosTqvams Tavis azrs mkafiod, magram imisTvis, rom xeli
SeuSaloT molaparakes, sruliad uadgilo da dauSvebelia.

16
 me Sevecdebi kidev xazi gausva imas, rom es gaficva swored poli­
tikuri xasiaTisa iyo. pirveli damamtkicebeli sabuTi amisa _ vin
awarmoebda am gaficvas. magaT SeiZleba ar ician, magram sxvam yvelam
icis, vinc awarmoebda am gaficvas? profesionaluri interesebis
damcveli organizaciebi, rogorc aris kavSiri, kavSirTa-kavSiri
da sekretariati, uzenaesi organo mSromeli xalxis da mis inter­
esebis yovelmxriv damcveli muSaTa deputatTa sabWo, Cven viciT,
rom arc erTi am organizaciaTagani gaficvas ar xelmZRvanelobda.
piriqiT roca gaiges maT mosalodneli gaficva, gaiTvaliswines, rom
es gaficva arsebiTad mimarTuli iyo revoliuciis monapovarTa da
politikuri mdgomareobis winaaRmdeg, rom surT zurgidan maxvili
Cascen demokratiul wyobilebas, da mis erT uZlieres demokratiul
organos, Tbilisis TviTmmarTvelobas. imave wuTSi Caerivnen, undo­
daT gaexilaT Tvali maTTvis, vinc motyuilebiT mihyvebodnen im xe­
lmZRvanelebs, romelTac miznaT hqondaT mxolod respublikisTvis
da demokratiul mmarTvelobisTvis zaralis motana da amiT ganad­
gureba, Tu ki amas moaxerxebdnen. imave wuTSi Caerivnen, da am muSaTa
organizaciebma miiRes yovelgvari RonisZieba, axsnes, ganmartes, Ta­
vinTi rezoliuciebi gamoitanes, gamovidnen pirad SuamdgomlobiT,
_ araferma ar gasWra, da am „proletariatma“ (frCxilebSi) daiwyo
gaficva. exla mogexsenebaT, qalaqs aqvs bevri sakuTari warmoeba, ro­
gorc aris sasaklavo, wyal-sadeni, tramvai da sxva da sxva dargebi,
am dargebSi 1500, 2000 muSa aris. arc erT am dargis muSam am gaficva­
Si monawileoba ar miiRo. piriqiT maTi xma SeuerTda qalaqis sabWos
dadgenilebas, maTi xma muSaTa organizaciis xmas SeuerTda, romelic
am dezorganizaciul gamosvlas gamoxatavda gakicxviT. xelmZRvane­
lobda ki am gaficvas vin? es is mosamsaxureebi, Cinovnikebi qalaqis
TviTmmarTvelobisa, romlisTvis am ukanasknel gaficvis dRemdin,
Zalian Tbil alagebs da sakuWnaoebs warmoadgenda qalaqis TviTm­
marTveloba, da moikalaTes iq maSin, rodesac daSnakelebi iyvnen moka­
laTebulni am alagebze. gasakvirveli ar aris, rom maT, ase advilad
gadadges es nabiji, es bunebrivi iyo maSin, radganac am Cinovnikebis
interesebi swored amas moiTxovda, radgan maT bednierebas da iq moka­
laTebas bolo moeRo. demokratiuli saxelmwifo Sendeba da dRiTi
dRe is magrdeba miuxedavad imisa, rom es maT ar surT. xedavdnen adgi­
lobrv TviTmmarTvelobaSi demokratiis namdvil interesebis gamomx­
atvelni imarjveben da Rebuloben mmarTvelobis saqmes Tavis xelSi,
xedavdnen dRiTi dRe saqarTvelos respublika rogor mtkicdeboda,
adgilobrivi demokratiuli TviTmmarTveloba Seiqmna, da iq namdvi­
li mSromeli xalxis interesi gabatonda. amas xedavdnen, da am sulis
gabatoneba ki TviTmmarTvelobaSi maT dasamarebas moaswavebda.
swored es moiTxovda, rom imaT gadaedgaT es nabiji gabatonebul
politikis winaaRmdeg, da Tu SeiZleboda amiT xeli SeeSalaT mis
gamagrebasa da zrdisTvis. swored amitom iyo es Jinianoba gamowveuli,

17
amiT aixsneba is jiutoba, mTeli gaficvis dros, romelic gamoiCines
gaficulebma da gansakuTrebiT maT xelmZRvanelebma. araviTari pro­
fesionaluri organoebis darigeba, rCeva, da gadawyvetileba, arc
muSaTa sabWos azri, arc umTavres organos sekretariatis azri, maT
mxedvelobaSi ar miiRes da gadadges is nabiji, romlisac damarcxe­
ba unda moyoloda da moyva kidec. magram samwuxarod unda giTxraT,
rom zogierTi Seugnebeli muSakebi daiyolies am Zvel Cinovnikebma
motyuilebiT da, motyuebiT am gzas gahyvnen. qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli aris SekiTxva, da pasuxs iq miscemen, ma­
gram oriode sityvas mogaxsenebT imaze, Tu rogor Sexeda gaficvas
im organom, rodesac Tavidan unda gadaewyvita es sakiTxi. is daadga
morigebis axna, ganmartebis gzas, ratom gamoiwvia es gaficva jama­
girebis miucemlobam. man aRuTqva momavalSi dakmayofileba da Seeca­
da, rom es gaficva ar momxdariyo, da Tavidanve TviTmmarTvelobis
gamgeobam miiRo yovelgvari RonisZieba, rom Seegrovebina fuli da
sabuTi moespo amgvar gamosvlisTvis. magram, batonebo, unda mogaxse­
noT, rom sazogadod finansiuri mdgomareoba ara Tu marto qalaqis
TviTmmarTvelobaSi, aramed saxelmwifoSiac imgvaria, rom aq mainc da
mainc didi moTxovnilebis miReba da iseT swori gziT siaruli, ro­
gorc maT surT, qaRaldis fulze yovlad SeuZlebelia. imaT uxsnid­
nen, umartavdnen, umtkicebdnen, saSualeba mogveciT, rac gvaqvs imas
gaZlevT, roca gveqneba mogcemT, xval, zeg, SevecdebiT axlo momaval­
Si gadavixadoTo mTlaT is jamagirebi, romelic qalaqis TviTmmarT­
velobas awevso, magram imaT aravis rCevas ar daujeres da gaficva
gamoacxades, viTom da ekonomiuri.
ekonomiur gaficvas mizani und hqondes Tu ara? diax, unda
hqondes. gaficulebi unda moelodnen Tavis moTxovnilebaTa mopove­
bas. isini Txoulobdnen ras? jamagirebis miRebas. ratom ar aZlevdnen
jamagirebs? imitom rom ar hqondaT fuli. muSaobaze xelis aRebiT,
muSaobis SeCerebiT, misi mTavari pirveli nervis gangmirviT gaZlier­
deboda qalaqis kasa? Semosavali imatebda? ara rasakvirvelia. es maT
icodnen, es maT auxsenes, magram es maT ar epitnavebodaT. ekonomiur
gaficvaSi sxva rame batonobda, sxva hangebi iyo. es iyo swored is,
rom SeeCerebinaT TviTmmarTvelobis muSaoba, SeetanaT am muSaobaSi
dezorganizacia da gaebaT Zafi bolSevikur anarqiasTan. kidev ari­
an mosurneni daabrunon da gaaZlieron monoba, da monobis talRebSi
CagvaxrCon. vinc Tval-yurs adevnebda am gaficvas, erTi aSkara iyo
masSi: es mWidro kavSiri, mWidro Zafi gabmuli baqosTan; iqedan xe­
lmZRvanelobdnen sulierad imaTi warmomadgenelni. igini aSkarad
moiZaxodnen, rom raki es gaficva moawyes, is gamoiwvevs CvenSi sxva
gaficvebs, da Sehqmnian iseT anarqias, romelic maT miscemda saSuale­
bas Tavis Tavis droSis afrialebisas. Cvenma SemkiTxvelebma ki ar
ician, ar undaT gaigon, ar undaT icodnen is an da opoziciaSi Camd­
garni, opozicias awarmoeben im saxiT, rom isic ki ar undaT Seignon

18
vis interesebs emsaxurebian amiT. sxvaTaSoris am gaficvis xelmZRvan­
elebis azri aseTi iyo, maT Credo-Si gamoxatuli. „qalaqis TviTmmarT­
veloba ar aris kerZo dawesebuleba da rom pirvelSi daqiravebul­
Ta interesebs naklebad uweven angariSs, amisaTvis aq saarbitraJo
komisias da koleqtiuri xelSekrulobas meti mniSvneloba aqvs vidre
kerZo dawesebulebebSi“. es gamoacxades Tavis mowodebaSi. qalaqis
TviTmmarTveloba, Tavidanve mogaxseneT, ar daadga Jinianobis gzas,
rogoric aris saqmis viTareba meore mxrisgan. piriqiT, man miiRo
yovelgvari RonisZieba, rom rogorme daekmayofilebina moTxovnile­
ba, mere ufro Seumsubuqa maT pirobebi, misca yovelgvari saSualeba,
visac ki surda dabruneba dabrunebuliyo, da kidevac 50% miiRo ukan.
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zomebi miiRo mTavrobam gaficvis winaaRmdeg,
mTavrobam mogaxsenaT aq. Cven ar gvaqvs araviTari sabuTi winaaRm­
degi vifiqroT, piriqiT darwmunebuli varT imaSi, rom gaficvisT­
vis arcerTi maTgani daWerili ar yofila (xma: Tqven TiTon daatu­
saReT!) me davatusaRe TavaT, magram gaficvisTvis ki ara, imisTvis,
rom Semogvixtnen qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi, muqariT da ZaliT,
qisZafis saSvalebiT, mosamsaxureebis gandevna undodaT da ramden­
ime kidec gagvirekes. me magaze unda mogaxsenoT, davatusaReT ki ara,
didi ndobiT vepyrobi yvelas, gansakuTrebiT damfuZnebel krebis
wevrebs da imaT imunitets, magram Tu romelime damfuZnebel krebis
wevri Semogvixteba qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi, Tugind memercxene,
da moindomebs Cven dawesebulebis ganadgurebas, unda mogaxsenoT,
davatusaRebT imasac Tundac ukanasknel milicioneris saSualebiT.
sami mosamsaxure, romlebmac es danaSauloba Caidines daatusaRes
q. mouravis gankargulebiT gaficvis dasrulebamde e.i. 4-5 dRiT. es
maTi ufleba iyo. iq SeekiTxeT da iqve gipasuxebT qalaqis Tavi, me es
ar mindoda meTqva, radganac megona, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rom es ele­
mentaruli ram TqvenTvis gasagebi iyo, magram raki aq SemogaqvT aseTi
SekiTxva, amisTvis giTxariT.
rac Seexeba sxva datusaRebulT, romlebic Tqven ase gawuxebT,
magaliTad cercvaZe da sxvebi, romlebic iyvenen datusaRebulni (Sen­
gelaia: Zalian giyvardaT cercvaZe da ra daaSava?) vis uyvarda cer­
cvaZe? magaze didi lparaki ar aris saWiro, es aq mosatani ar aris,
SeiZleba Tqven giyvardaT, SeiZleba sxvas uyvarda, magis gamokvleva
nametani Znelia, magram rom cercvaZem Tavis ukanasknel gamosvliT
sxvaze uaresad da ufro maxinjad gamoaqveyna maTi politikuri miza­
ni, sruliad aSkaraa. amis sabuTi Cven gvaqvs, is gamodioda krebaze,
aSkarad laparakobda, rom es gaficva ekonomiuri da TviTmmarTvelo­
bis winaRmdeg ki ar aris, es aris dapirdapireba saerTaSoriso bur­
Juaziis winaaR­mdeg, gagrZeleba saerTaSoriso revoliuciisa; Cven
unda gavikafoT Zafi baqos proletariatTan erTd, tfilisi ukve amd­
garia fexze, Tumca, albad, rom miixed-moixedavda darbazSi dainaxa­
vda mxolod xatisovis Semdeg darCenil Cinovnikebs, Zvel moxeleebs

19
gaficulTa razmSi. amrigad gvaqvs dro, rom davangrioT TviTmmarT­
veloba, romelic ar gamoxatavs tfilisis demokratiis interesebso,
romelsac is ZaliT epatronebao. Tqveni TqmiTac xom mas ndoba ara aqvs
gamocxadebuli. aq replikiT uTxres ministrs, rom Cven meSCanebma ar
gamogvicxades ndobao. batonebo, roca girCeven Tqven maSin amomrCev­
lebi kargi arian, ar arian meSCanebi, roca ar girCeven, yvela meSCane­
bi arian! rogor SeiZleba aseTi msjeloba? qalaqis TvTmmarTvelobis
sabWo amorCeulia saukeTeso formulis Tanaxmad. es gamomxatvelia
mcxovrebelTa umravlesobis interesebisa. SeiZleba Tqveni interese­
bis gamomxatveli ar iyos, magram mcxovreblebis umravleosobis in­
teress xatavs. (xmauroba). Tqven gindaT CamomaSoroT im Zafs, romel­
sac mivdev, magram ver SesZlebT...
bolSeviki cercvaZe, romelsac iRebT Tqven mfarvelobis qveS,
es iyo im pirTagani, romlebsac undodaT aseTi gaficva ara Tu ga­
moeyenebinaT, aramed Tavidanve es gaficva gaexadaT qalaqis TviTm­
marTvelobis da republikis gansagmirav iaraRaT. swored es iyo misi
azri, misi mizani, mis laparaki da misi mosazrebac amas amtkicebs. Tu
ki iseTi pirebi, rogorc xudadovi, kaCxoevi, xvalisi, poRosovi, da
sxvebi, romelnic gaficvisTvis marto ki ara, aramed demokratiuli
respublikis winaaRmdeg ieriSis mitanaze mTavrobam daatusaRa, da
am rigad is zarali, romlis motana maT SeeZloT SemdegSi mospo,
amisTvis swored madlobis Rirsi aris mTavroba da ara SekiTxvisa
da umadurobisa. Tqven gainteresebdaT albad, roca es SekiTxva Se­
mogqondaT formaluri iuridiuli mxare, rogor SeiZleba saxelm­
wifoSi habeos corpus. yvela pirovnebis Tvisufebaze warmodgena gaqvT
wignebidan amokiTxuli, rogori unda iyos es Tavisufleba Sara­
vandediT moculi. Cven gvainteresebs es Tavisufleba pirovnebisa es
xelSeuxebloba, amisTvis vibrZodiT da vibrZviT, da mudam amis dara­
ji viyaviT da viqnebiT, es ar amtkicebs Tqvens revoliucionerobas.
pirovnebis ufleba, yvelasadmi Tavisuflebis miniWeba, amisTvis arc
revoliucia aris saWiro, arc didi demokratizmi, rom kacma aseTi
daskvna gamoiyvanos.
Cven sxvaTa Soris xSirad gveubnebian, magaliTad Zvel weswyo­
bilebis warmomadgenelni, rasakvirvelia Tqvenze ar vambob, ai Tqven
xom iWerT, Tqven xom atusaRebT, Cvenc amas vSvrebodiT mets arafer­
so. Tqven mainc unda icodeT, rom amis mzgavsi SekiTxva ar unda
SemoitanoT.
magaze ki ar minda ram vsTqva. Tavis Tavad daWera, cixeSi Casma ki
ara, mets vityvi, arc daxvreta, arc CamoxrCoba, arc cixeSi miyvana,
Tavis Tavad arafers warmoadgens. amaSi ar aris saqme, Tu ganyeneb­
ulad aiRebT SeiZleba kaci mokla sruliad bunebrivad. roca kaci
Tavs gesxmiT, ramdenime mkvleli, erTi ki ara metic, maSin ras uza­
vT? SeiZleba daatusaRoT, mohklaT, roca mas unda, rom yvela mis
irgvliv mcxovrebi pirovneba daatusaRos, Casvas satusaRoSi rasak­

20
virvelia Tqven maT moaswrebT da daatusaRebT. magram Tqven unda
icodeT, rom aseT gamosvlebiT, aseT qomagobiT, aseT SekiTxvis Se­
motaniT, rogorc mogaxsenes aqedan da es gulwrfelad iyo naTqvami,
da mec minda gulwrfelad vsTqva, _ xels uwyobT, saxels ukeTebT,
saqmes uadvilebT swored imaT, mtrebs, romlis winaaRmdeg Tqven
darazmva ufro SegferiT, vinem im mTavrobis winaaRmdeg, romel­
ic Tqvenze ufro ukeT daicavs pirovnebis Tavisuflebas, sadac da
roca es SesaZlebeli iqneba. fetiSaT araferi unda gaixadoT, arc
pirovnebis Tavisufleba da arc... (xmauroba) diax, diax, am SemTxveva­
Si mxolod es aris umTavresi sabuTi. Tqvens winaSe datusaRebulni
arian da me mgonia momavalSiac iqnebian manam, sanam mtrobas Caidenen,
manam sanam respublikas zarals, zians moutanen da mtrul muSaobis
gangrZobas gabedaven. mTavroba yvelgan aris mTavroba da imisTvis
aris mTavroba da sanam iqneba damfuZnebeli krebis survilis ga­
momxatveli da imave dros saqarTvelos demokratiis survilis ga­
momxatveli, rom amgvar pirebs, amgvar mowinaaRmdegeebs da mters
ar miscems gasavals da pirvel mis muSaobisas da gamosvlisas Seh­
kveTavs imas. dapatimrebis saxiT iqneba es Tu sxva saxiT, es sul sxva
sakiTxi aris. mTavrobas rom ar gadaedga Sesaferi nabiji, rom ar
Caedina es sxva aris. maSin swored es iqneboda danaSauli. mTavroba
maSin, rodesac xedavs mters darazmuls _ Sesafers RonisZiebas Reb­
ulobs da Tqveni SekiTxva ki mimarTulia mTavrobisadmi. garwmunebT
Tqven, viTom socialistebo, aaSkaravebT imas, rom Tqven ar SegiZli­
aT dRemdis SeignoT vis wisqvilze asxamT wyals, vis saqmes akeTebT,
visTvis mogaqvT Tqven sargebloba da visTvis ziani. dasasrul aseT
daskvnas vakeTeb: aseTi moqmedebiT demokratiaSi, demokrtiul re­
spublikaSi aseT dezinformaciis SetaniT, aseT xmaurobis atexiT
Tqven ggoniaT sikeTes akeTebT. sinamdvileSi ki verc saxelmwifosT­
vis gaakeTebT rasmes da verc mas ganamtkicebT.
Tavmjdomare: krebis wevri ilia nucubiZe.
ilia nucubiZe. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
Cven SekiTxvas metad Rrma da seriozuli mniSvneloba hqonda da me
megona, rom mTavrobis warmomadgeneli da agreTve umravlesobis
fraqciis warmomadgenelTa am Cven SekiTxvas aseT mniSvnelobas mis­
cemdnen da seriozul pasuxs gagvcemdnen. Cven winaRmdeg gamovidnen
Cveulebrivi laTaiebiT, Cveulebrivi demagogiiT, iseT demagogiiT,
romelic SeSvenis upasuxismgeblo prapagandistebs tye-quCebSi
da ara aq damfuZnebel krebis tribunaze. Cven vlaparakobT, rom es
SekiTxva uaRres mniSvnelobis SekiTxva aris da am SekiTxvis pasux­
Si mTavrobis warmomadgeneli metad frTxili unda yofiliyo da
masTan metad obieqturic; samwuxarod es ase ar moxda. b-ma ministr­
ma Cven sapasuxoT moiyvana konventis moRvaweobidan magaliTebi; _
gviambo, rom maSinac apatimrebdnen saeWvo pirebs, Zveli wyobilebis
momxreebs da Tu konventis moRvaweobaSi aseT faqtebs hqonda adgi­

21
li, ratom Cven moRvaweobaSi ar SeiZleba hqondeso. es analogia aq
sruliad mosatani ar aris, imitom rom konventi iRebda respresiul
zomebs saeWvo pirebis, Zveli wyobilebis momxreTa winaaRmdeg, da is
xalxi ki, romlis winaaRmdeg aq qalaqSi iqna miRebuli represiuli
zomebi, ar arian... (xmauroba) Zveli wyobilebis momxreni! ar arian
Zveli weswyobilebis momxreni. isini arian revoliucionerebi, Sesa­
Zloa ara menSevikebi, ara eserebi, magram mainc revoliucionerebi da
demokratebi (xma: bolSevikebi?) diax, bolSevikebic revoliucioner­
ebi gaxlavT. yovel SemTxvevaSi denikinelebi ar arian (CxikviSvili
adgilidan: poRosovi?) b-no damfuZnebeli krebis wevro, poRosovs
me piradad ar vicnob, magram zogierTebs vicnob am dazaralebulTa­
gan, romelnic arian Zveli revoliucionerebi, magaliTad cercvaZe.
me minda mogaxsenoT, b-bo, rom is xalxi, romlis winaaRmdeg
represiuli zomebi iyo miRebuli, reaqcionerebi da Zveli wyo­
bilebis momxreni ar arian. da is analogiac, romelic batonma min­
istrma moiyvana sruliad mosatani ar iyo. marTalia, Cven, eserebi,
TviTon varT sastikni, Cven ara Tu ubralo represiul zomebis,
teroris momxrenic viyaviT rodesac iyo saWiro. saqme imaSia vis
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli represiuli zomebi. demokratiul wyo­
bilebis momxreTa winaaRmdeg Tu, misi mtrebis winaaRmdeg? Cven ki
viciT, rom saubeduroT, Zveli wyobilebis momxreni Tavisuflad
daTareSoben da samsaxurSiac arian da imaT winaaRmdeg araviTari
zomebi r aris miRebuli. amave dros ki revoliucionerebi cixeSi
lpebian (xmurobaa). Cven SekiTxvis winaaRmdeg ramodenime mosazre­
ba wamoayenes. sxvaTa Soris is mosazreba, rom gaficva gamoacxades
muSebma ki ara Cinovnikebmao. es niniZem bZana guSin. me demagogias ar
gamoudgebi. demagogias TavisTavad araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
me mxolod faqtebiT gipasuxebT. Cinovnikebi ki ar iyvnen gaficul­
ni _ gaficulni iyvnen muSebi; ra Cinovnikebia, xuTas-eqvsas maneTs
Rebuloben, SimSiliT kvdebian. 2200 kaci iyo gaficuli _ saavadmy­
ofoebis, barakebis mosamsaxureni da sxvani, (xmauroba) moiTmineT,
batonebo, momeciT saSualeba gamovTqva Cemi azri, mere gamobrZan­
diT da mipasuxeT, rom gaficva samarTliani iyo, amas sxvaTa Soris
amtkicebs is garemoeba, rom maT mxari dauWires profesionalur
kavSirebma: metyaveTa kavSirma, mrecxavTa, farmacevtTa, mbeWdavTa,
qalaqis kavSirma, metalistebma, nemsis proletarTa da sxva. (xmau­
roba). me mogaxsenebT, rodesac aseTi muSebi metalistebi da sxvani
uWeren gaficulebs mxars _ es amtkicebs imas, rom maTi interesebi
erTmaneTs eTanxmebian, e.i. isini scnoben maT Tavis megobrebaT, amxan­
agebaT. da b-ma niniZem rom ar icnos gaficulebi muSebaT, es arafers
niSnavs. daarRvieT, batonebo, es faqti, daamtkiceT, rom Cinovnike­
bi gaificnen da ara muSebi. rom gaficvas ekonomiuri xasiaTi hqon­
da da ara politikuri, es mtkicdeba im faqtiTac, rom gaficulebma
ramodenjerme gadadves gaficva fulis miRebis molodinSi.

22
 rodesac 2 aprils qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam gamoakra gancxade­
ba, rom is mosamsaxureebs ori Tvis jamagirs uri­gebs, gaficulebma
daadgines gaficva moexsnaT da samsaxurs Sedgomodnen, Tu gaficvi­
saTvis aravin daisjeboda. qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam amaze uari
ganacxada. yvelas ver miviRebT, miviRebT zogierTso. bevri gafi­
culTagani darCa quCaSi, zogi gadaasaxles, zogi daatusaRes. b-ma
ministrma brZana _ viRamac raRaca sTqvao. gana SeiZleba erTi piris
azri movaxvioT Tavs mTel sazogadoebas, mTel krebas, ise rom ara­
viTari angariSi ar gauwioT oficialur dokumentebs da rezoluc­
iebs! ratom unda mivceT erTi piris naTqvams meti mniSvneloba vinem
koleqtiur gamosvlas?! sad aris loRika, sad aris samarTlianoba?!
es gaficva iyo ekonomiuri, araviTari politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonia,
es aSkaraa iqedanac, rom gaficulT sami Tvis jamagiri ar miuRiaT.
gana SegviZlian Cven, damfuZnebel krebis wevrebs, jamagiri ar mi­
viRoT daa vicxovroT mxolod haeriT?! gaficulT ufleba hqondaT
moeTxovaT jamagirebi. momatebas isini ar Txoulobdnen da Tu maT wi­
naaRmdeg represiebi miiRes, Cven vambobT, rom damnaSaveni arian isini,
vinc es Caidina. Cven gveubnebian, es SekiTxva SemoitaneT udrovoTo.
Cven vamtkicebT, SekiTxva udrovo ar iyo. Cven ar avCqardiT, imitom
rom am saqmes metad seriozulad uyurebdiT. Cven gvindoda movle­
na dasrulebuliyo, Sedegebi gagvego, da mere Semogvetana SekiTxva.
(Tavmjdomare: umorCilesad gTxovT, acaloT orators, ese laparaki
SeuZlebelia!) diax, am SekiTxvas vaZlevdiT Zalian seriozul mniSvne­
lobas, da amitom Cven es SekiTxva ar SemovitaneT naCqarevaT. rodesac
damTavrda movlena, rodesac mTeli obieqti Cven winaSe gadiSala, _
SegviZlia es movlena SevafasoT, da Cven vambobT:
Tqven moqmedebas uaryofiTi Sedegebi moyva saxelmwifoebrivi
TvalsazrisiT. Tqvenma moqmedebam Cven damoukideblobas ziani mou­
tana. Cveni damoukidebloba ganmtkicdeba maSin, rodesac ganmtkic­
deba Sinauri cxovreba, rodesac demokratias erTi fronti eqneba.
es aqsiomaa da es yvelam kargad icis, magram, am SemTxvevaSi, Cvenda
samwuxaroT, es fronti gaxeTqilia, erT mxareze dadga profesion­
aluri kavSirebis erTi nawili, meore mxares _ meore nawili. gafi­
culebs gamoexmaura, baqos proletariati; da Tqven ver ityviT, rom
baqos proletariati iyos reaqcionuri da ara revoliucionuri. me
xelT maqvs mTeli rigi rezoliuciebis, sadac isini mxurvale salams
uZRvnian gaficulebs da maT rogorc materialur ise zneobriv dax­
marebas hpirdebian. (leo naTaZe: baqos proletariati moatyues!) erTi
kacis motyuileba SeiZleba, oris, magram yvelasi ara (xmauroba) (Tav­
mjdomare: ukacravad b-no oratoro, keTil inebeT, kerZoT nuravis
mimarTavT. umorCilesad gTxovT orators nu uSliT!). diax, me maqvs
mTeli rigi rezoliuciebisa, sadac baqos proletariati mxurvaled
esalmeba gaficulebs. am movlenis gamo b. ministri da b. CxikviSvili
gaficvas politikur gaficvaT naTlaven. es Semcdari azria, yovlad

23
usafuZvlo. baqos proletariatis gamoxmaureba Tu rames amtkicebs
mxoloT imas, rom Cveni politikis mesveurni ara mizanSewonilaT
moqmedeben. Cven, rogorc xalxis warmomadgenelni, valdebuli varT
amaze xazgasmiT vilaparakoT. TbilisSi gaficulT mxars uWerden Sem­
degi kavSirebi: metyaveTa, mrecxavTa, mRebavTa, farmacevtTa, nemsis
proletarTa, mbeWdavTa, qalaqis kavSirTa, scenis moRvaweTa, metal­
istebis, eleqtrikebis. amas garda gaficulebs mxars uWeren baqos mu­
SaTa organizaciebi. ase rom gaficulTa banakSi muSaTa seriozuli
Zalebi iyo Tavmoyrili da Cven mTavrobas ufro frTxili politika
unda ewarmeobina maT mimarT, vinem datusaReba da gadasaxleba. Cveni
menSevikebi amboben, rom isini demokratias emsaxurebian, faqtiuraT
ki mas daTvur samsaxurs uweven. gaficulTa winaaRmdeg miRebuli
zomebi erTi _ mis damamtkicebel sabuTTagania.
leo Sengelaia: (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno.
cxovrebam Cvenebur social-demokratebs umaduri roli daakisra:
socializmis da demokratizmis saxeliT isini amtkiceben dRes bur­
Juaziul wyobilebas (gvazava: saxelmwifos!). social-demokratia Ti­
Ton acxadebs, rom is dRes sxvis saqmes akeTebs, magram Cven viciT, rom
demokratias, mSromel xalxs ar unda akeTos sxvisi saqme. Cven viciT,
rom arc burJuazias surs ara mkiTxe opekunebi.
am ZiriTad winaaRmdegobisagan warmoiSva mTeli tragizmi, so­
cial-demokratiisa, mTeli misi praqtikuli uilajoba.
social-demokratiis revoliucionuri Semoqmedeba amoiwura,
gamoifita, amas vxedavT Cven soc.-demokratiis muSaobaSi, rogorc
damfuZnebel krebaSi, ise mis gareSe praqtikul cxovrebaSiac. so­
cial-demokratiam daikava sazogadoebis yvela adgilebi da Cven vxe­
davT, rom oportunizmma da orWofulma politikam isini gadaaqcia
namdvil biurokratiaT. yovel biurokratias, rogorc mogexsenebaT,
aqvs Tavisi loRika, moqmedebis sakuTari gegma. biurokratia ar sc­
dilobs cxovrebaSi radikaluri cvlileba Seitanos, warmarTos igi
axali geziT, STaberos mas axali SemoqmedebiTi suli. misi umTavresi
sazrunavi aris SeinarCunos Tavisi batonoba.
amitomac aris, rom dRes social-demokratiis mTeli moRvaweo­
ba warmoadgens, rogorc rusebi ityvian, «военный бҌгъ на мҌстҌ» soc.-
demok. erTi SexedviT Zlier fusfuseben, raRacas akeTeben, magram ar­
sebiTad araferi gamodis, yvelaferi ucvlelad rCeba.
amas Cven vxedavT yovel dargSi. Tunda aviRoT Cveni administra­
cia. ras warmoadgens Cveni administracia? ratom aris rom masSi Cven
vxedavT yvela juris xalxs, mefis straJnikebs, boqaulebs, xolo namd­
vil xalxis megobrebs naklebad vxedavT?
administraciis ukanono moqmedebam, gansakuTrebiT ukanasknel
xanebSi, yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. yvela is, rasac Cven gveub­
nebodnen administraciis gaumjobesebaze, administraciis aparatis
ganmtkicebaze, _ yvela es zRapari gamodga.

24
 Tqvens winaSe iSleba suraTi saSualo saukunoebis _ Zalmomreo­
bisa. ganaxlda tlanqi inkviziciis brZolis saSualebani. Tqven mois­
mineT pasuxi SekiTxvaze, b. Sinagan saqmeTa, samxedro da ganaTlebis
ministrisa. Tavis pasuxSi gaimeora is, rac Cven ara erTxel mogvisme­
nia. am pasuxidan SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT mxolod erTad-erTi daskvna
da es daskvna iqneba Semdegi: mas Semdeg, rac CvenSi sam-Taviani minis­
trebi gaCnden Cvens marTva-gamgeobaSi araviTari Tavi ara sCans!
Tqven, batonebo, albad waikiTxavdiT im gulSemzarav ambebs,
romelsac mogviTxrobs gazeTebi. ramdenime Tvis winad moxda aseTi
borotmoqmedeba: xevsureTSi kontr-revoliucionurma bandam bar­
barosulad daxvrita 9 komunisti. rodesac mazris administracia
Seudga post-faqtum saqmis gamoZiebas, mas daxvda bandis meTauri
mRvdeli da uTxra samazro administracias: vin xarT Tqven, saidan
mosulxarT, me mgonia bolSevikebi unda iyoT, me kinaRam brZaneba ga­
veci, rom dagxvritono. Semdeg ubrZana xalxs _ administraciisTvis
daxmareba ar gaewia. komisiam aRmoaCina saSineli suraTi. iq aRmoCnda
ramdenime dasaxiCrebuli gvami. (xma: ra kavSiri aqvs SekiTxvasTan?)
ai, batonebo, faqti, aRmaSfoTebeli faqti, romelsac komentarie­
bi ar sWiria, es xdeba im saministroSi, im uwyebaSi, romlis warmomad­
geneli aq didis rixiT gamobrZanda. Tqven albad waikiTxavdiT Semdeg
faqts: iyo iseTi cnobebi, rom yazbegSi Cvenma mTavrobam denikinelebs
gadasca Tergis olqidan gamoqceuli komunistebi.
(Tavmjdomare. batono oratoro, ukacracad, umorCilesad gTx­
ovT daubrundeT sagans, dRevandel msjelobis sagans).
me vexebi Cven administraciis moRvaweobas, radganac es SekiTxva
mimarTuli aris, rogorc Sinagan saqmeTa ministris, agreTve iustici­
is ministrisadmi. amitom me maqvs ufleba vilaparako administraciis
ukanono moRvaweobaze.
(Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, umorCilesad gTxovT nu SeedavebiT
Tavmjdomares da daemorCileT mas, daubrundiT dRevandel msjelo­
bis sagans).
dRevandeli sinamdvile, batonebo, auarebel faqtebs gvaZlevs
imis dasamtkiceblad Tu ramdenad moSlili da gaxrwnili aris Cveni
administracia. Cven aq gvqonda ukve laparaki im inkviziciis Sesaxeb,
romelsac adgili hqonda okribaSi da Tu Tqven ai, am zogierT faqtebs
aRadgenT Tqven mexsierebaSi, miiRebT mTlian suraTs, Tu rogoria
Cveni administracia, rogor asrulebs is Tavis movaleobas; movaleo­
ba ki mas didi awevs, magram samwuxarod Cven ver vxedavT imas, rom am
administracias esmodes Tavisi movaleoba.
rodesac Cven aseT faqtebs vkiTxulobdiT, am ambebze vmsjelob­
diT, Cven gvqonda kidev erTi nugeSi, Cven vfiqrobdiT es xdeboda
okribaSi, es xdeba yazbegSi da sxvagan, xdeba im adgilebSi, romlebic
Sors arian, daSorebuli arian centrisagan, sadac mTavroba albaT
ver swvdebao. magram, rodesac Cven Tvalwin, damfuZnebel krebis

25
Tvalwin da mTavrobis Tvalwin, respublikis deda qalaqSi igive
grZeldeba, rodesac igive administracia usafuZvloT apatimrebs,
scems, asaxlebs moqalaqeebs, Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom Cven gvaqvs saqme
ara kerZo movlenasTan, ara kerZo SemTxvevasTan, aramed mTels siste­
masTan. batoni ministri aq brZanebda, rom is xalxi, romelic gaifica
aris kontr-revoliucionuri, eseni reaqcionerebi ariano. Tu es mar­
Tlia, da b. ministrs aqvs amis sabuTebi, maSin me mgoni, b. ministri sul
sxvanairad unda moqceuliyo. es sabuTebi da mTeli saqme unda gadaeca
maSinve sasamarTloSi. CvenSi arsebobs sasamarTlo, Tumca ara damou­
kidebeli, rogoric unda iyos, magram mainc arsebobs aseTi dawese­
buleba. me mgoni, gana socialistisTvis da demokratiisTvis ukeTesi
ar iqneboda, Tu ki mas sabuTebi hqonda, es sabuTebi da es saqme gadaeca
maSinve sasamarTlosTvis, sasamarTlo iqoniebda msjelobas da das­
debda Tavis msjavrs damnaSaveebs.
magram es b. ministrs ar uqnia. me mets vityvi, Tu ministri wamoay­
enebs iseT sabuTebs, iseT faqtebs, romlebic daadasturebdnen, rom
marTla es mosamsaxureebi denikinelebi arian, rom eseni arian namd­
vili kontr-revoliucionerebi, maSin b. ministro, Cven bodiSs mov­
iTxovT Tqven winaSe, da TqvenTan erTad, mTeli Cvenis arsebobiT, Cven
amogidgebiT gverdSi, da TqvenTan erTad am denikinelebis winaaRmdeg
gavilaSqrebT.
magram, magari is aris, rom b. ministrs araviTari sabuTi ar
wamouyenebia. man wamoayena mxolod mSrali braldeba, da aviwydeba,
rom mZime braldebas mZime sabuTi unda!
pirvel maiss, rodesac demokratia dResaswulobda Sromis dRe­
saswauls, Tqven dainaxavdiT mraval plakatebSi erTs, romelzedac ew­
era „Cven moviTxovT gaficvis Tavisuflebas“. es aris samarTliani da
mrisxane ganaCeni im cilis wamebisaTvis, romliTac social-demokra­
tia gaumaspinZlda muSebs, qalaqis mosamsaxureebs? (xmauroba). me ar
megona, rom am cilis wamebas gaimeorebdnen aqac, amitom iZulebuli
var Tqveni yuradReba SevaCero zogierT braldebaze. aq iTqva, rom
gaifica nawili da ara yvela muSebio. esec, rom iyos, Tundac gaifica
nawili muSebisa, aqedan gana is daskvna gamodis, rom nawilis winaaRm­
deg yvela zoma dasaSvebia? Cven vambobT kategoriulad, rom gaifica
swored is, vinc iZulebuli iyo Tavis autanel nivTier mdgomareobis
gamo. ar gaificnen tramvais muSebi, radganac eseni yovelTvis Tavis
jamagirs droze Rebulobdnen. sxvaTa Soris unda mogaxsenoT, rom
23 marts, roca moxda saerTo kreba mosamsaxureebisa, iq wamoyenebu­
li iyo erTi moTxovnileba, es moTxovnileba ambobda, _ gaTanasworeba
muSebisa, jamagirebis miRebis mxriv, maSasadame iyvnen privilegiur
mdgomareobaSi zogierTi mosamsaxureebi. es iyo ara normaluri mov­
lena, da am ara normalur movlenis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli iyo es
muxli mosamsaxureebis moTxovnilebisa: aq sTqves, gaficva demokra­
tiam dagmoo. mogaxsenebT, gaficva demokratias ar daugmia, gaficva

26
dagmo social-demokratiam. demokratias gaficva ar daugmia. Cven vic­
iT, rogor gmobda igive demokratia Tqvenis xelmZRvanelobiT ara Tu
gaficvas, aramed ufro did politikur Rirebulebebsac, es demokra­
tia Tqvenis xelmZRvanelobiT jvarze akravda yvelas, vinc gabedavda
da ityoda sityvas „saqarTvelo“ da „samSoblo“. magram igive demokra­
tia dRes zeimobs Tavis damoukideblobas.
ase miTiTeba imaze, rom demokratiam esa sTqvao, mainc da mainc
didi sabuTi ar aris. unda mogaxsenoT, rom demokratiam meoreca sTq­
va (xmauroba), diax, baqos sabWom, Tbilisis demokratiulma nawilma, im
nawilma, romelic sakuTar TaviT azrovnobs, iman sTqva, rac unda eTq­
va, iman mxari dauWira gaficvas. aq brZanes, profesionalurma sabWom
mxari ar dauWirao, maSasadame es gaficva ukanono ariso. mogexsenebaT,
profesionaluri sabWo ra Tqma unda, valdebulia Tval-yuri adevnos
muSaTa profesionalur moZraobas, mas xelmZRvaneloba gauwios. mas
aqvs sruli ufleba direqtivebi misces muSebs gaficvis dros, magram
miuxedavad misi Sexedulobisa, Tu sadme gaficva gamocxadda, is val­
debulia Caerios da am gaficvas organizaciuli xasiaTi misces. pro­
fesionalur moZraobis istorias ar axsovs iseTi magaliTi, rom pro­
fesionaluri sabWo, muSaTa organizaciis umaRlesi warmomadgeneli
_ sekretariati, gamodiodes gaficulTa winaaRmdeg.
aq ki rasa vxedavT? profesionaluri sabWo aqtiurad gamodis am
gaficvis winaaRmdeg, xels uwyobs Streikbrexerobas, xmas ar iRebs im
represiebis winaaRmdeg, romliTac gaumaspinZlda mTavroba mosamsax­
ureebs. maSasadame, TviT profesionaluri sabWo, rogorc muSaTa or­
ganizacia, romelic valdebulia daicvas muSaTa interesebi, ar idga
Tavis daniSnulebis simaRleze. maSasadame, mis avtoritetze miTiTeba
da laparaki zedmetia. amboben agreTve, rom gaficvam didi ziani miay­
ena qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis finansiu­
ri mdgomareoba gaauaresao. es marTali ar aris, es aris ciliswameba.
rodesac mosamsaxureebma gaficva gamoacxades, dastoves adgileb­
ze rogorc mTavari buxhalteri, ise kasiri. ase rom Tu vismes hqonda
Sesatani fuli, _ Setana SeeZlo. (xmauroba, Tavmjdomares zari).
aq sTqves, gaficva kontr-revoliucionuri iyoo. me ar vici, Tu
es gaficva kontr-revoliucionuri iyo, maSin kontr-revoliucionu­
ri iyo yoveli is organizacia, romelmac gaficulebs xeli Seuwyo,
es gaxldaT Tqveni TviTmmarTveloba, romelmac didi indiferentizmi
gamoiCina. mosamsaxureebs ar uTqvamT, exlave amoiReT cariel kasidan
fulio. maT sTqves, miiReT saswrafo zomebi, Cven dasakmayofilebla­
do, man ar miiRo es saswrafo zomebi, da maSasadame moiqca ise, ro­
gorc kontr-revoliucionuri organo. gaficul mosamsaxureebma
amoswures yoveli saSualebani, romelic maT xelSi iyo. es faqtia.
maT surdaT gaficva gamoecxadebinaT 3 marts, 3 martidan gadasdes 7
marts, 7 martidan gadasdes 18-s, 18-dan 24 martisTvis. mxolod faqti­
urad gaficva daiwyo 24 marts.

27
 es faqti sakmarisia mis dasamtkiceblad, rom am gaficvas absolu­
turad politikuri xasiaTi ar hqonda. politikas Tavis azri aqvs,
Tavis loRika aqvs, politikur gaficvas acxadeben, rodesac momen­
ti moiTxovs. gana SeiZleba, rom gadaedoT samidan Svids, Svididan
Tvramets, Tvrametidan ocda-oTxs da ocda oTxs gamoecxadebinaT
gaficva? rom is politikuri yofiliyo es xom uloRikoba iqnebo­
da? amis garda mosamsaxureebma amoswures yvela saSualebani, maT
mimarTes Tavis aRmasrulebel komitets, maT mimarTes profesional­
ur sabWos, mimarTes qalaqis gamgeobas, mimarTes Sromis saministros,
yvela organizacias, da undodaT kanonieris gziT mieRoT dakmayo­
fileba, magram ver eRirsaT aramc Tu dakmayofileba, rigiani pasuxic
ki, mxolod maSin mimarTes gaficvas, rodesac amoswures yovelgvari
saSualeba, amitom maT zneobrivi ufleba hqondaT, es gaficva gamoa­
cxadebia, Tundac im mZime pirobebSi, romelSiac finansiurad imyofe­
boda qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba.
aq b. ministrma, b. niniZem da b. qalaqis Tavma ganacxades, rom Tqven
demokratiis winaaRmdeg ibrZviTo, magram ufro adre gazeT „borba­
Si“ aseTi braldeba wamoayenes: Seuwynarebelia demokrtiul organi­
zaciebis winaaRmdeg brZolao. me bodiSs vixdi „borbas“ redaqtore­
bis winaSe, magram unda mogaxsenoT, es loRika Zlier mogvagonebs,
buSmenebis loRikas. gamodis, rodesac demokratiuli organizacia
quCaSi yris mosamsaxureebs, _ es kargia, xolo rodesac es demokratia
xmas imaRlebs da icavs Tavisuflebas, es cudia. me mgoni socialisti
da demokrati ese ar unda msjelobdes.
aq gamobrZanda b. niniZe, man pirdapir ganacxada, rom administra­
cia imisTvis arsebobs, rom moqalaqe daapatimroso, (xmuroba, sicili)
imas sruli ufleba aqvso. diax es brZana b. niniZem. rogorc sCans, b.
niniZes primitiuli warmodgena hqonia administraciaze da mis dan­
iSnulebaze. am SemTxvevaSi b. niniZe gvagonebs im adamians, romelic
ambobda rom adamians Tavi imisTvis abia, rom qudi daixuroso.
me vambob, administracia marto imisTvis ki ar arsebobs, rom
daapatimros moqalaqe, administraciis movaleoba aris daicvas we­
siereba, daicvas moqalaqe TviTnebobisagan, da rodesac is ver as­
rulebs am movaleobas, Cven, Cvens movaleobaT migvaCnia, avimaRloT
xma aseT administraciis TviTnebobis winaaRmdeg. Cven iseTi azri
mogvaweres, TiTqos Cven raRac tolstois mimdevrebi vyofiliyaviT,
TiTqos vambobT, rom aras dros ar SeiZleba arsad miviRoT repre­
siuli zomebi. Cven varT revoliucionerebi da gvaqvs revoliucio­
nuri loRika. Cven ar varT manilovebi da ar gvwams manilovSCina.
Cven vambobT, represiuli da ara Cveulebrivi zomebi Cven unda mi­
viRoT reaqcionerebis da kontr-revoliucionerebis winaaRmdeg
da ara demokratiis winaaRmdeg. amaSia Cven Soris gansxvaveba. Cven
gvwams brZolaSi revoliucionuri metodebi. magram me vekiTxebi b.
ministrs, rodesac sagangebo razmis warmomadgeneli, ubralo mili­

28
cioneri, Zvel revoliucioners moxuc cxakaias mauzers pirSi udebs
da fexSiSvelas cixeSi miaTrevs, _ gana es aris revoliucionuri
brZola? ar es ar aris revoliucionuri brZola, es aris revoliuci­
is daknineba da SiSveli cinizmi.
aq brZanes, mosamsaxureebi Cinovnikebi ariano. batonebo, mox­
elec aris da moxelec. aq laparaki aris dabal mosamsaxureze da Cven
vfiqrobT, rom Cveni movaleoba aris, ise rogorc Tqveni movaleobac,
rom davicvaT dabali mosamsaxureebis interesebi. Cven gvaqvs aseTi
faqti: rkinis gzis mosamsaxureebis yrilobaze irakli wereTelma
rkinis gzis mosamsaxureebs uwoda revoliuciis avangardi. me Tqven
gekiTxebiT, Tu ki rkinis gzis mosamsaxureebi revoliuciis avangar­
daT gamodgnen, nu Tu qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxureebi
revoliuciis ariergardad ar gamodgebian?!
magram davuSvaT, rom iq marto Cinovnikebi iyvnen. rogor ggoni­
aT, Tu ki iq Cinovnikebi arian, gana gvaZlevs es saSualebas, rom maT wi­
naaRmdeg yovelgvari zomebi miviRoT? me mgonia ara, vinaidan Tavis­
ufal respublikaSi, Tavisufal qveyanaSi, kanonis winaSe ar arsebobs
Cinovniki da ara Cinovniki. es elementaruli aris. SeiZleba Tqven
fiqrobT, rom CamorCenilebi kanons gareSe arian. SeiZleba, magram ara
mgonia es xelsayreli iyos TqvenTvis, vinaidan Tu saqarTveloSi aris
Cinovnikebis partia, es aris social-demokratiuli partia, sadac
Tavs iyris mTeli Cinovnikoba ministrebidan gorodovoimdi! (sicili)
rom aseTi Cinovnikebi ar yofilan iq, aramed iq iyvnen mosamsaxureebi,
umTavresad dabali mosamsaxureebi, amas amtkicebs saqarTvelos so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis centraluri organo gazeTi „borba“. ai
iq am wlis №51 sweria: «Но с кем ведет борьбу организация городских служащих,
считающая себя профессиональным союзом и даже входящая в совет проф. союзов,
являющаяся следовательно, по преимуществу демократической организацией?» ma­
Sasadame, aq iyo demokratiuli organizacia da ara Cinovnikebi!
aq b. ministrma brZana eseTi SekiTxviT Tqven demokratias ebrZvi­
To. amaze ityvian, _ Cemi Sen giTxari guli mogikalio! araviTari sabu­
Ti amis dasamtkiceblaT ministrs ar mouyvania. b. ministri gvagonebs
rusi mwerlis kantemiris erT gmirs. es gmiri ambobda, aznaurs sabu­
Ti raT unda, vityvi da sabuTi ar iqnebao. me ar vici aznauri brZande­
ba Tu ara b. ministri, magram rom mas savsebiT SeuTvisebia aznaurebis
loRika, es aSkara aris. (xmauroba) saqarTveloSi aris erTi cnobili
mwerali, romelic ambobda, rom demokratiis saSineli mteria so­
cial-demokratia. es mwerali ar gaxlavT arc nacional-demokrati,
arc social-federalisti, arc social-revoliucioneri. Tqven al­
baT mixvdebiT Tu vin aris. es gaxlavT soc.-dem. meTuri b. Jordania.
ai ras swers b. Jordania Tavis broSiuraSi. iq sweria: „arc erTi par­
tia ar aris muSaTa partiis iseTi mteri, rogorc demokratiaa“.
„social-demokratiuli moRvaweoba moiTxovs burJuaziis poli­
tikur batonobaso“. „social-demokratia iRwvis burJuaziul wyo­

29
bilebis dasamyareblad, burJuaziul revoliuciis mosaxdenado“.
aqedan aSkaraa, social-demokratia ar yofila didi megobari de­
mokratiisa“.
aSkaraa is, vinc demokratiis xeliT akeTebs burJuaziis saqmes,
aris saSineli mteri demokratiisa. amnairad, arc erTi braldeba, ro­
melic iyo wamoyenebuli, dasabuTebuli da seriozuli ar aris.
CvenTvis cxadia, rom aq adgili hqonda saSinel usamarTlobas,
CvenTvis aSkaraa, rom is, rac moxda qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi, aris
dagvirgvineba Tu gnebavT gaRrmaveba im politikisa, romelsac Tav­
idan b. Sinagan saqmeTa ministri awarmoebda. am politikam Cven mogvca
mravali Sinauri frontebi, am politikis mesveurebma CvenSi SemoiRes
namdvili policiuri metodebi.
rogorc sCans saqmes ver uSvela verc damfuZnebelma krebam, verc
saministroebis reorganizaciam.
am nairad, batonebo, gulaxdilad da pirdapir unda iTqvas: rac
ufro meti noeebi Sedis Cvens mTavrobaSi, miT ufro uaresdeba Cveni
mdgomareoba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevs Salva nucubiZes.
Salva nucubiZe. (s.f.). batonebo! Cven vfiqrobdiT, imdeni dro
gavida am gaficvis Semdeg, rom SesaZlebeli iqneboda piruTvnelad
gaSuqeba im gaficvisa, romelzedac aq Semoitanes SekiTxva.
magram sinamdvilem amaSi ar dagvarwmuna. am SekiTxvas, romelic aq
wamoayenes usaTuod ara aqvs uSualo, pirdapiro kavSiri am gaficvas­
Tan, aramed am gaficvas daematnen refleqsebi im azrebisa, romelic
gauCndnen erT-erT jgufs damfuZnebel krebisa am gaficvis Sesaxeb.
mxolod Semdeg, rodesac gaficvis Semdeg didma xanma gaiara, Cven
vismenT SekiTxvis avtorebis ganmartebas. da gaugebari xdeba erTi
ram. raSia saqme bolos da bolos? nu Tu ar Seiqmna iseTi mdgomareo­
ba, rom garCeuli yofiliyo am gaficvis is mxare, romelic aq davas
iwvevs?
mTels msjelobaSi, romelic aq gaficvis Sesaxeb moxda, erTi
ram ueWvelad Tavidan bolomdis aris gatarebuli da am debulebis
SekiTxvisas arcerTi mxare _ arc is, romelsac SekiTxva Semoaqvs, arc
is, vinc am SekiTxvas angariSs uwevs, ar uaryofen, _ es gaxlavT is, rom
masSi ori mxarea gamoxatuli, erTis mxriv, gaficvas aqvs ekonomiuri
buneba, ekonomiuri mxare, meores mxriv politikuri buneba, politi­
kuri mxare.
Cven ar vfiqrobT, rom mTavroba erT wuTsac SeeWvebuli iyos ima­
Si, rom gaficvas ekonomiuri mxare hqonda. me arc imas vfiqrob, rom
SekiTxvis avtorebi SeeWvebulni iyvnen imaSi, rom gaficvas Tan axlda
politikuri momenti.
maS raRaSia saqme?
saqme imaSia, rom orive mxare Taviseburad udgeba am movlenis
gagebas da mis saboloo daskvnis gamotanas.

30
 batonebo, ueWvelia, Tu Cven aq akademiur sja-baas daviwyebT
gaficvaze, usaTuod am saganze bevri ramis Tqma SeiZleba. maSin saWiro
iqneba is istoriuli eqskursebic, romelic SekiTxvis avtorebma moiy­
vanes. magram CvenTvis dRevandel momentSi es sakiTxi ase akademiurad
ar sdgas. Cven unda aviRoT mTeli misi namdvili buneba, romelic ga­
daiSala Cven Tvalwin am ramdenime Tvis winad. aq ueWvelia Cven gvaqvs
saqme sruliad garkveul saxis mqone movlenasTan.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom gaficvas ekonomiuri mizezebi hqonda. Ta­
visTavad cxadia, rom is pirebi, romelnic bolos da bolos aseT en­
ergiiT icavdnen Tavis interesebs da yovel saSualebas mimarTavdnen,
rom es pirebi ekonomiur motivebiT, ekonomiur mdgomareobiT iyvnen
iZulebulni am saSualebisTvis miemarTaT. amas aravin ar uaryofs.
yvelam icis is beCavi mdgomareoba, romelSiac imyofeboda is jgufi,
romelic iZulebuli iyo gaficva gamoecxadebina. magram gana amaze
aris dava? sruliad ara. aqedan raime daskvnis gamotana ar SeiZleba.
dava gaxlavT mxolod oris Sua da saintereso da sadavo sagnad xdeba
es movlena. mxolod mis Semdeg, rom am erTferovan suraTs Tan daerT­
va axali feri, romelmac aseTi axali mxare uCina, romelic bolos da
bolos iseT xasiaTs Rebulobs, rom erTis mxriv saxelmwifo iZulebu­
lia mis winaaRmdeg zomebi miiRos, meores mxriv zogierT jgufs uCn­
deba sababi am SekiTxvis msjelobis sagnad gadaqcevisaTvis. ueWvelia
agreTve isic, rom im beCavi mdgomareobiT, romelSiac imyofebodnen
qalaqis mosamsaxureebi, rac yvela CvenganisTvis cxadia, cxadia mTav­
robisTvis, cxadi iyo qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobisTvis, am beCavi mdgo­
mareobiT surdaT esargeblaT iseT jgufebs, iseT pirebs, romelTc
arsebiTad araviTari kavSiri ar hqondaT arc gaficvasTan da arc
gaficulebTan. aqedan iwyeba mTeli es sadavo are, sadac azrTa sxvao­
ba ufro garkveul saxes Rebulobs. aq vinme rom gamodis SekiTxviT am
saganze, man unda daamtkicos erTi ram: man unda sTqvas, rom Tavidan
bolomdin gaficvas ar hqonia iseTi momenti, romelic SeiZleba gax­
des politikur kvalifikaciis sagnad. magram aseTi ramis damtkiceba
SekiTxvis avtorebma ver SesZles, saamiso sabuTebi ver wamoayenes.
ukanasknel sityvaSi SemkiTxveli laparakobda ara absoliutur
cno­bebis Sesaxeb, maSasadame amave loRikas, rom davemyaroT, es ara
absoliuturi rCeba mainc iseTi, sadac ekonomiuri xasiaTi gaficvi­
sa Tavdeba da mas politikuri xasiaTi erTvis. es uaryofili ar aris
aravisagan. amis sawinaaRmdego mmarTlebuli sabuTebi moyvanili ar
aris. amnairad sruliad iseTive mdgomareobaSi arian SemkiTxvelebi,
rogorSiac, maTi warmodgeniT aris mTavroba. radganac, Tu loRikas
mihyeviT, marTlac Tu SemkiTxvelebs hgoniaT, rom mTavroba loRikur
Secdomas Svreba, rodesac is viRacis mier politikur daxasiaTebas am
gaficvisas avrcelebs yvela imaze, vinc mxolod iuridiul motivebiT
gamodian am gaficvaze, me ar vfiqrob, rom nakleb Secdomas Svrebod­
nen TiTon SekiTxvis Semomtanni, rodesac ekonomiur xasiaTs gaficvi­

31
sas politikur nawilzedac avrceleben. es Secdomebi, Tu loRikurad
vilaparakeT, erTi da imave xasiaTisa arian, da swored loRikuris
TvalsazrisiT Semcdari iqneba mTavroba, rom mTavrobam politiku­
ri mxare gaavrcelos mTel SekiTxvaze. Secdeba is, vinc ekonomiur sa­
fuZvels avrcelebs politikur mxareze da is, visac unda ekonomiuri
mizezebiT dafaros politikuri mxare. me vfiqrob, rom Tu loRikur
Secdomaze midgeba saqme, orive SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive mdgomareoba
aris. batonebo, aq sadao bevri araferi ar aris. mdgomareoba sruliad
garkveulia. (xmauroba). ukacravad, SeiZleba werovani sityvebiT ga­
moxatoT Tqveni azri. me vfiqrob, rom es sakiTxi didi sadao ar aris,
did davas ar iwevs imisTvis, vinc SesZlebs mis piruTvnelad garCevas.
mas Semdeg, rac Cven win sdgeba aseTi suraTi gaficvisa, rom gafi­
culebis saSineli mdgomareobiT unda esargeblaT raime sxvanair
Zalas, amis Semdeg sruliad sxvanairi mdgomareobaa, sxvanair xasi­
aTs Rebulobs es suraTi, _ mTeli simZime da sisastike am sakiTxisa,
mTeli mniSvneloba misi sworeT am faqtTan aris dakavSirebuli. ma­
gram Cven vfiqrobT, rom im gaficvis, romelzedac aq aris laparaki,
politikuri miznebiT gamoyeneba Zalian advili iyo. es daamtkices
jer im jgufis warmomadgenlebma, romelnic am mxriv miudgnen ekono­
miur gaficvas. marTlac imdenad beCavi iyo am xalxis mdgomareoba,
imdenad ekonomiurad da materialurad umweo mdgomareobaSi iyvnen,
rom isini mzad iyvnen daejerebinaT imisTvis, romelnic maT ekono­
miur mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas Sehpirdebodnen. aseT pirobebSi
sruliad bunebrivi iyo rac moxda, sruliad bunebrivi, rom rome­
lime garkveul politikur jgufs saSualeba miscemoda am gaficviT
Tavisi politikur miznisTvis mixweva. es sruliad bunebrivia. aseTi
mdgomareoba, iseTi saSineli mdgomareoba iyo Seqmnili im pirebisT­
vis, romelnic Caemben gaficvaSi, magram es moxda maSin, rodesac Cven
gvaqvs utyuari faqtebi imisa, rom samsaxuris asrulebis dros Sim­
SiliT guli misdiodaT zogierT mosamsaxureebs. es sabuTi ar aris.
(xmauroba). es gaxlavT sabuTi, b. gobeCia, Tqveni SekiTxvis dasamt­
kiceblad, es arafers ar amtkicebs, es amtkicebs mxolod imas.... (xmau­
roba) (xma: „saxalxo“ ras swerda?) „saxalxos“ me xSirad vkiTxulob,
da aseT rames rasac Tqven ambobT, me iq ver vnaxulob, es uTuod imiT
aixsneba rom „saxalxo saqmes“ me Tavidan bolomdis vkiTxulob Tqven
ki bolodan Tavamde (sicili).
Cven, batonebo, vcxovrobT politikur sazogadoebaSi. sazoga­
dod unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cveni dro eqspresiiT, momentalur gancxa­
debiT xasiaTdeba. politikur viTarebaSi gaCnda politikuri speku­
lacia da man didi farTo asparezi moipova. is vrceldeba Cven qalaqis
mosamsaxureebzedac, im pirebis wyalobiT, romelTac undodaT maTi
beCavi mdgomareoba Tavis miznebisTvis gamoeyenebinaT. politikuri
spekulaciis damaxasiaTebeli niSani da Tviseba ueWvelad Tan axlavs
am movlenas, radganac is pirebi, aq Semosulni, gareSe Zalis saxiT, sc­

32
dilobdnen politikuri xasiaTi miecaT am gaficvisaTvis. maSasadame,
Tu gnebavT bunebrivi da gasagebi iyo politikuri mxare am gaficvisa.
magram rodesac ramdenime xanma ganvlo gaficvis Semdeg da piruTvne­
li garCeva motivebis SesaZlebeli Seiqmna, ufro naTel da kristal­
ur saxes Rebulobs.
es politikuri spekulacia am damfuZnebel krebis erTad-erTi
jgufis saxiT Cvens cxovrebaSic Semovida. rom SesaZlo yofila, ba­
tonebo, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxureebis gaficvis poli­
tikur spekulaciis sagnad gamoyeneba amas eserebis SekiTxva erTxel
da samudamod naTels hyofs. (xmauroba). (Tavmjdomare. nu lapara­
kobT ad­gilidan!).
Tqveni analizi rom marTali iyos... (xmauroba). (Tav­mjdomare. b-o,
ukacravad, umorCilesad gTxovT wesiereba daicvaT, Torem iZulebu­
li viqnebi piradad mivmarTo im krebis wevrs, romelic arRvevs wesi­
erebas. gTxovT, ganagrZoT!).
Cven, rom darwmunebuli viyoT, b-bo, rom Tqven marTla sakiTxi
gainteresebs, rom Cven darwmunebuli viyoT, rom Tqven marTla
faqtebs emyarebiT, Cven rom darwmunebuli viyoT, rom Tqven maRali
mosazrebani, maRali idealebi gasuldgmulebT, rodesac Tqven am
gaficvis Sesaxeb SekiTxviT SemodixarT Cven, ufro sxvanairad Sevex­
ebodiT am SekiTxvas. gacilebiT meti yuradRebiT SevxedavdiT am
SekiTxvas, vinem exla, rodesac Cven ar gvaqvs obieqturi masala, rom
met angariSiT da mokrZalebiT movepyraT am Tqven SekiTxvas. Cven arc
imaSi varT darwmunebuli, rom is pirebi, is politikuri jgufi, is ba­
tonebi, romelic xelmZRvaneloben am gaficvas ar scdilobdnen es ga­
mosvla Tavis miznebisTvis gamoeyenebinaT, Cven ar varT darwmunebu­
li imaSi, rom isini iseTi miudgomeli xalxi iyo, rom maTi am saqmeSi
Careva SeiZlebodes dadebiT movlenad miCneva. da swored imiT aixsne­
ba is garemoeba, rom Cven savsebiT vewinaaRmdegebiT im mxares, poli­
tikurs mxares, romlis Setana hsurdaT am gareSe Zalebs. Cven arc erT
wuTs ar vfiqrobT, rom am politikur jgufs, romelsac undoda am
gaficvaSi Careva, marTlac gulwrfeli ganzraxvebi da mosazreba
asuldgmulebda. rogorc im SemTxvevaSi, ise am SemTxvevaSi. am poli­
tikur spekulaciis arsebobis dros upirvelesad yovlisa Cven varT
darwmunebuli, rom dRevandel gamosvlas aklia politikuri gulwr­
feloba da ramdenadac es asea, nuras ukacravad, Tu Cven aseTi swori
TvalsazrisiT movepyrobiT im moxeleebs, romelTac aq Tqven warmoad­
genT. Cven ar varT darwmunebulni, rom am or SemTxvevaSi Cven erT da
imave movlenasTan ar gavqvs saqme. Cven vfiqrobT, rom is, rac moxda,
ar SeiZleba aq Cven gamoviyenoT im miznisTvis, romelic erT romelime
jgufs Tavis zraxvaTa gansaxorcieleblad SesaZleblad miaCnia.
Cven SeuZleblad migvaCnia aq gamosvla da am tribunidan imis
gancxadeba, rom gaficvas politikuri xasiaTi ara hqondao. Cven Seu­
Zleblad migvaCnia amis mtkiceba. Tqven qmniT iseT STabeWdilebas, rom

33
es gaficva Tqvens xelSi Tavis SedegebiT politikur xasiaTs Rebu­
lobs. is rac ar moxda maSin, rom ar miiRos sabolood politikuri
xasiaTi is sruliad dRes aq, moaxdineT. is rac ver moaxerxa im ara gul­
wrfelma xalxma, romelmac gamoiyena maTi beCavi mdgomareoba gindaT
gamoiyenoT aq Tqven, imave ara gulwrfelobiT.
ra Tqma unda am movlenaTa Soris Cven uSualo kavSirs vxedavT.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tqven mTeli gamosvliT sworeT daamtkiceT saw­
inaaRmdego imisi, rac gindodaT dagemtkicebinad. ZiriTadi debule­
ba, ZiriTadi gezi, romelic gindodaT gagemtkicebinaT iyo is, _ rom
gaficvas ar hqonda da ar SeiZleboda hqonoda politikuri xasiaTi.
_ Tqveni aq gamosvliT, dRevandel politikuri atmosferaSi gansa­
kuTrebul yurdaRebis miqceviT, am sakiTxis irgvliv, Tqven SeqeniT
swored iseTi mdgomareoba. rom is, rac Tqven SeuZleblad migaCndaT,
is, rac ar gamodga maSin, _ es, dRes SesaZlebeli gaxda Tqven mier Se­
motanil SekiTxviT.
Cven vfiqrobT dRevandel pirobebSi Cveni erovnul yofa-arsebo­
bisTvis _ gansakuTrebiT miuRebeli aris aseTi gamosvla, romelic
moaxdineT Tqven. gulwrfelad Tu ara gulwrfelad, amas rom Tavi
davanebod gansakuTrebiT SeuZlebelia aseTi movlenebi Cven cxovre­
baSi, romlebsac ar axlda, Tqveni azriT, politikuri mxare, gavxad­
oT politikur yuradRebis centrad da amiT SevqmnaT erTxel kidev _
is, rasac ukiJinebT Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs: egreT wodebuli, Sina­
gani fronti. SesaZlebelia Tqven am saxiT gaarTuloT Cveni Sinagani
mdgomareoba, romelic Cven garegan sirTulesTan, erTad Cagvagdebs
iseT mdgomareobaSi, romlidanac, me ara mgonia, Tqveni imediT Sei­
Zlebodes gamosvla.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis b. CxikviSvils.
beniamin CxikviSvili. (s.-d.) ramdenime mosazrebis warmodgena,
rodesac vlaparakobdi damaviwyda. am mosazrebis gamoTqmisTvis ar
SegawuxebdiT aq gamosvliT, magram Semdeg kide ramdenime sayuradRe­
bo azri gamoiTqva aq, da mowinaaRmdegisTvis saWiro aris, rom xazi
gausvan, da auxsnan _ Tu rogor unda esmodeT sakiTxi.
sazogadod Zalian gvayvedrian, erTma maTganma dagvayvedra is,
rom Tqven aq gabatonebulni xarT, sxvis saqmes akeTebT, da am winaaRm­
degobidan gamomdinareobs is faqti, romelsac aq ar unda hqondes adg­
ilio. Cven marTla sxvis saqmes vakeTebT? warmoidgineT erTi wuTiT,
erTi wuTiT davijeroT, rom sxvis saqmes vakeTebT. magram Tqven vis
saqmes akeTebT? me mgonia arc sxvisas, arc Tqvensas! (sicili da taSi).
me unda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba erTs garemoebas. roca Tqven mou­
wodebdiT xalxs Tqven imas simdidres pirdebodiT, da aZlevdiT sxva
da sxva dapirebebs. Cven ki garda imisa rasac vakeTebT, mets arasfers
vpirdebodiT.
Cven vlaparakobT pirovnebis Tavisuflebaze da xeluxlebloba­
ze. amas Tqven arc dahpirebulxarT, da verc izamdiT amas. magram saqme

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imaSi ki ar aris. Tqven ukmayofiloni xarT, Tu ara. Cven gamogvicxa­
des ndoba, Cven Cagvabares saqme xelSi (xma: maxinaciebiT. replika
ar ismis.). SeiZleba, magram dRemdis magis niSnebi ara gaqvT. admin­
istraciis moqmedebis Sesaxeb rasakvirvelia SeiZleba azris sxva da
sxvaoba. SeiZleba arc Cven viyoT madlieri, idealurad arc Cven gvya­
vdes is warmodgenili. magram imis Tqma, rasac eseni amboben, exlac
gaimeores, da momavalSiac ilaparakeben _ usabuTo aris. Jandarme­
biT da straJnikebiT agimsiaTo: (Sengelaia: paCulia da kedia!) paCu­
lia da kediasTana, rom bevri iyos am Cven administraciaSi me Tamamad
SemiZlia vsTqva, me piradaT Cemis saxeliT garwmunebT, rom Zalian
kargi administracia iqneboda, rom imaT mgzavsi bevri iyos. magram,
arc Jandarmebs, arc straJnikebs ar mouxdeniaT aseTi gankarguleba,
da piriqiT, is datusaReba, romelmac Tqven ase agaSfoTaT _ mizanSe­
wonili iyo, Cven vecadeT amis damtkicebas, rom es mizanSewonili iyo,
imitom rom, rogorc ilaparakes bevrma, sxvaTa Soris ukanasknelma
oratorma Zalian mWevrmetyvelurad daamtkica is, rom gverdidan
gamosuli xalxi Seecada esargeblaT umweo mdgomareobiT. imis wi­
naaRmdegi aravin aris, rom mosamsaxureT uWirdaT. amasve iziarebda
sabWoc. magram saqme imaSi aris, gaficva gaaZlierebda Tu ara qalaqis
kasas? gaficulebma icodnen, rom gaficva arafers miscemda qalaqis
kasas, magram es codna gamoiyenes TaviseburaT, sxva miznisTvis, poli­
tikur miznisTvis. aq politikuri momenti sWarbobs. politikuri
miznisTvis gaiyolies xelmZRvanelebma swored is wreebi, romelnic
sxvafriv iyvnen dainteresebulni am gaficvaSi. ra iyo maTi politi­
kuri miswrafeba? Tu TqvenTvis es damtkicebas moiTxovs, Tu Tqven am­
bobT moiyvaneT sabuTebio, rom isini denikinelebi arian, daamtkiceT
rom Savrazmelebi arian, rom revoliucionerebi ar arian, marTla
unda mogaxsenod, Zalian cudi warmodgena hqoniaT saganze. saqme ima­
Si ki ar aris denikinis iarliki akravs Tu ara kacs zurgze. rodesac
isini gamodian usabuTod, uniadagod, mizanSeuwonlad, es imas niS­
navs, rom TavisTavad exmarebian Cvens mtrebs, da arc Cven gamogvadge­
bian. es aris denikis sasargeblo moqmedeba. es unda gaiTvaliswinod
da icodeT, rom isini amgvari moqmedebiT xdian TavianT Tavs deni­
kinelebaT. magram, maT Soris isedac bevri denikineli aris. me Semi­
Zlia gvarebic dagisaxeloT. SeiZleba Tqven brZanoT, rom isini eser­
ebi arian, me megona rom eserebi ar iyvnen, magram Tu Tqven amtkicebT,
rom eserebi arian, dagvilocnia TqvenTvis. magram moqmedeba maTi
yovel SemTxvevaSi arc TqvenTvis sasargebloa, arc demokratiisTvis
piriqiT igi demokratiis interesebis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, da
Cvenc amas xazs usvamT.
Zalian didi yuradReba miuqcevia deputatisa erT droSas pir­
vel maisobas. me amaze ar SevCerdebodi, rom marTla didi mniSvne­
lobisa ar yofiliyo is droSao. magram misi Sinaarsi deputats ver
gaugia. droSaze didi wiTeli jvari iyo daxatuli, da zed ewera _

35
„viTxovT gaficvis Tvisuflebas“. es droSa eWiraT xelSi aramian­
cis saavadmyofos yofil qalaqis mosamsaxureebs, maT win miuZRoda
Tqveni megobari arSak zurabovi. (Sengelaia: Tqveni megobari iyo)
sjobia glaxa kaci warsulSi iyos megobari vidre awmyoSi. (sicili)
am droSas Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, me srulebiT ar minda amas
saoxunjo xasiaTi mivsce. me Zalian seriozulaT minda Sevxedo amas,
Tu ras niSnavs es droSa saavadmyofos mosamsaxureebisa, romlebmac
saavadmyofoSi gaficva gamoacxades. me mgonia didi codna da Wkua
ar aris saWiro, imis gasagebaT, rom avadmyofisTvis wamlebis da mov­
lis mokleba, da gaficvis gamocxadeba SeiZleba mxolod maSin, Tu,
erTi sityviT... (arseniZe: sigiJe damyardeba!) an gagiJdeba, an sxva
meti gamosavali ar aqvs kacs, magram aseT gaficvas, gamosvlas adgili
hqonda aramiancis saavadmyofoSi. qalaqis saavadmyofoSi (xmauroba,
replika ar ismis!) brZanebT SimSliT guli misdiodaTo. mogaxsenebT,
_ SimSiliT maT guli ar wauvidodaT, radgan saavadmyofos mosamsax­
ureT saWmeli, sasmeli sakmarisad hqondaT. Tqven gecodinebaT, rom
igini Tavis-Tavze ufro mets izrunebdnen, vidre sxvebze. saavadmy­
ofoSi aris samzareulo _ Wame, svi da iyavi. magram gaificnen, ram­
denime aseuli kaci, (xma: marTlia!) dabali mosamsaxureni _ droebiT
miRebulni, gaificnen da maTTan erTad ufro maRali mosamsaxuren­
ic: _ eqimebic ki. rogor unda daamtkicoT, rom eqimebi dabali mo­
samsaxureni arian? verc imas daamtkicebT, rom mciredi jamagiri,
saxeldobr 500 man. iyo mizezi gaficvisa, radgan 500 maneTs maTganSi
arc erTi ar Rebulobs. Rebuloben samjer xuTass da oTxjer xuTass.
gacilebiT mets Rebuloben, vinem Cveni biurokratebi, rogorc Tqven
uwodebT imaT, magram igini mainc gaificnen. b-bo, maSin, rodesac ep­
idemia mZvinvarebs, rodesac es epidemia umetes nawilad anadgurebs,
da samarisken istumrebs swored dabal wodebidan, uRatakes ojax­
ebidan am dros, eqimebi gaWirvebis gamo ki ara, marto TanagrZnobisT­
vis gaficvas acxadeben, da saavadmyofoSi mxolod bolSevikebis da
ltolvilebis miRebas apireben. unda mogaxsenoT, rom es pirdapiri
danaSauloba aris da Cven imaT ucqerodiT, rogorc damnaSaveT. mosa­
lodnelia, momavalSi, rodesac masala mogakldebaT, SemoitanT erT
SekiTxvas eqimebis Sesaxeb.
me darwmunebuli var, rom Tu Cveni sasamarTlo samarTlian nabi­
js gadasdgams, _ gaficul eqimebs cixeSi Casvams, radganac isini pasux­
ismgebelni arian imaSi, rom ara erTi aTeuli avadmyofi gagzavnes sama­
reSi movla-patronobis da eqimobis mospobiT (xma: Tqveni wyalobiT!).
Cveni wyalobiT isini gamaZRarni iyvnen. isini ambobdnen _ Cven marTa­
lia yvelas ar viRebT saavadmyofoSi, magram SigniT ki mainc uvliTo.
da SigniT movla ki Turme aseTi iyo, me miWirs amaze laparaki, magram
mainc vityvi da imedia mosamsaxureni ar ifiqreben, rom yvelas brali
gvedebao. rasakvirvelia, maT Sorisac iqnebodnen adamianebi, magram
zogierTni egre moiqcnen. _ sibinZureSi CamxrCvalni, zogierTi avad­

36
myofi loginze gaciebuli _ ai ra mdgomareobaSi miiyvanes mosamsax­
ureebma saavadmyofo da Tqven gindaT aseT adamianebis damcveloba
ikisroT da demokratiis saxeli ataroT (xmauroba. xmebi: sircxvil­
ia!) es sircxvili aris TqvenTvis! (xmauroba). Cven ar migviyvania igi­
ni aqamdis. imaT saWmel-sasmeli hqondaT. jamagirs davpirdi pirvel
SeZlebisamebr. Tqven amas angariSs ar uwevT. aseTi gaficva igema Ta­
vdapirvelad demokratiam, aseTi gamosvlebi demokratias zarals
moutans da laxvars dascems. vin icis ramdeni aseuli gaigzavna sa­
mareSi, vin icis ramdeni aTeuli. etyoba, rogor utifrad epyrobian
sabuTebs: rodesac ministri laparakobda da sTqva, rom bolSevikebs
da ltolvilebs Rebuloben marto, aqedan SemosZaxes deputatebma.
b-bo! aseT rames usabuTod ar amboben. me gagacnobT dokuments, maTi
xelmZRvanelis xvalisis xelmowerils. ai amaSi sweria, rom garda „be­
Jencebisa“ da wiTelrazelebisa .. (xma: rusulad waikiTxeT). (kiTxu­
lobs). (Sengelaia: Zalian kargia!) Zalian kargia, mSvenieri TqvenTvis,
magram Cemis azriT ki sircxvilia da Cven igini gamovacxadeT daTx­
ovnilebaT, radganac muSaobaze xeli aiRes. isini rom wavidnen Cven
sxvebi davayeneT maT alagas. magram Tqven gindaT, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
yvela pasuxisgebis gareSe mdgoms saSualeba misceT ilaparakon Cvens
winaaRmdeg. gindaT gaanTavisufloT poRosovi da Zmani misni, rom sa­
nam sasamarTlo maT saqmes iZiebs da Tavis adgils uCvenebs, _ sanam am
areulobis dros oTxi-xuTi ajanyeba mogiwyon.
aseTi saqcielis mizezi mxolod Seugnebloba aris. Seugnebeli ver
dainaxavs aseT gamosvlis borotebas sanam zarals mets ar moutans.
SeiZleba gindaT, rom administraciam Tvali daxuWos da mowinaaRmde­
ges momzadebis da gamosvlis saSualeba misces. da rodesac iaraRiT
xelSi gamova mowinaaRmdege, maSin SeebrZolebiT mas.
kargi politikosi da xelmZRvaneli is mTavroba aris, romelic
droze miiRebs zomebs, romelic ar miiyvans saqmes iqamdis, rom sisx­
lis RvriT da iaraRiT ar gadaswydes saqme. sisxlis Rvra, rasakvir­
velia, Tu saWiro aris _ SesaZlebelia, magram ukidures SemTxvevaSi.
da swored ase unda moviqceT. krebis wevrma nucubiZem Zalian mkafiod
gamosTqva, rom gaficviT isargebla im xalxma, romelsac undoda ga­
moeyenebina es gaficva Tavis miznebisTvis. maTi mizani iyo saxelmwi­
fosTvis laxvaris Cacema. SesZles es Tu ara? ver SesZles, imitom rom
cudma damcvelma, amaT mzgavsma aramkiTxe damcvelma ra unda gaake­
Tos, romel saxelmwifos unda dasces laxvari?
didi yuradReba Cvenma mowinaaRmdegm miaqcia imas, Tu vin uWerda
gaficulebs xmas. daasaxeles baqos muSebi. ratom mxolod baqoze ilapa­
rakes da parizi ar daasaxeles? iqneba parizSi Cven gviWerdnen mxars
muSebi! (xmauroba) saqme amaSi ar aris. (xmauroba) ukacravaT, me Tqveni
azri ukve gavige, mogismineT _ baqos proletariati uWerda mxarsao.
baqos profesionaluri kavSiri, misi prezidiumi, prezidiumis Tavm­
jdomaris amxanagi, mdivani... CamoTvla, rom gaegrZelebina, gaficvis

37
momxreTa sia esa, esa da esao. es me mesmis, SeiZleba marTalia rasac
Tqven ambobT, magram ratom unda misceT upiratesoba imaT, vinc cxra
mTas iqiT arian? SeiZleba meSCanebi ggoniaT rkinis gzis depos muSebi,
muSaTa sabWo, profesionaluri kavSiri? ratom metalistebis kavSiri
usaTuod muSuria, ratom kerZo qalebis kavSiri didi demokratiaa,
namdvili proletariatia, demokratizmis da WeSmaritebis damcveli
da sxva ki ara? didi umravlesoba proletariatisa, winaaRmdegi iyo
am gaficvisa da Tu Tqven sxvanairad fiqrobT, wagikiTxavT erTs doku­
mentsac (kiTxulobs) (Sengelaia: Tqveni karnaxiT!) Tqvenc ase gikarnax­
ebT, ymawvilo, rogorc imaT ukarnaxebT, magram ratom Tqven ar gesmiT?
(taSi, sicili) cxadze ucxadesia demokratiis mSromeli massa, romel­
mac kargad icoda saqmis mdgomareoba, misi istoria, misi procesi maTi
winaaRmdegi iyo, da Cveni momxre.
ai, b-bo, maTi mowodeba, romelSiac naTqvamia Semdegi: (kiTxulobs)
ar codna imisa Tu ra ubeduroba mohqonda gaficvas, _ ar SeiZleboda
(xma: iZulebulni iyo mdgomareobiT) b-bo, gaficvas ar SeeZlo sarge­
bloba moetana maTTvis. miznis miRweva gaficviT ar SeiZleboda. isini
darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom jamagirebis micema gamgeobis survilze ar
iyo damokidebuli, aramed SeuZleblobis da qalaqis kasis siRaribis
Sedegi iyo. kassa ise ki ar gesmodeT, rogorc yuTi. ambobdnen, kasiri
iq iyovo. kasiri iyo, magram aparati unda muSaobdes, rom am kasaSi,
am yuTSi mudam modiodes ram. Semosavali, rom Semosuliyo da mdgo­
mareoba ar areuliyo, ufro male gakeTdeboda saqme, da ufro male
miiRebdnen jamagirs. ar SeiZleba rom maT amisTvis angariSi ar gae­
wiaT. magram, saqme sxvaSi iyo, ufro male gakeTdeboda saqme, da ufro
male miiRebdnen jamagirs. ar SeiZleba rom maT amisTvis angariSi ar
gaewiaT. magram, saqme sxvaSi iyo. nawili fiqrobda gaeyola mSrome­
li xalxi, daemxo demokratiis batonoba. meore nawili hfiqrobda _
anarqias SevitanT, da amiT gavanadgurebT qalaqsao. amis sabuTebi
Cven gvaqvs. wagikiTxavT ramdenime amonawers da sityvebs. Tqvenis az­
riT es arafers niSnavs, taSs ukraven da Sesafer gadawyvetilebas
Rebuloben, es ukve moqmedebis erTgvaroba aris. ar vici Tqveni mego­
baria Tu ara xvalisi, magram roca uTxres imas, rom qalaqis mosamsax­
ureTa gaficva, dRevandels pirobebSi qalaqs gaanadgurebso, _ maSin
iman upasuxa: „dro sworeT exla gvaqvso, gaxsovdeT, rom exla tifia.
tifma daaqcia me-7 armia, da Tfilissac igi daaqcevso“.
gaxsovdeT Tqven, rom rodesac gamodixarT aseTi SekiTxvebiT, pa­
suxisgebasac kisrulobT imaT moqmedebaSi da sityvebSi, visac SekiTx­
viT icavT. imis mTqmeli da momqmedi, rom maSinve cixeSi ar CaesvaT,
valdebulni iyaviT geTqvaT _ ratom imave wuTs ar CasviTo? Cven
imisTana administratiuli aparati ar gvaqvs, rom windawin gavigoT
mosalodneli safrTxe. mowyobili rom iyos aseTi aparati, maSin sa­
Sualebac ar eqnebodaT krebebze aseTi sityvebi eTqvaT da Tavis pozi­
cia gaemagrebinaT.

38
 opozicionerebma sTqves, rom kirile niniZem sTqvao _ administra­
cia imisTvis aris, rom daiWiros xalxio. SeiZleba xvalisma dagije­
roT, magram Cveni demokratia amas rom gaigebs mxolod gaicinebs, im­
itom, rom niniZe im partias, romlis saxeliT laparakobs is, Tqvenze
ufro kargad icnobs. amisTana rames verc kirile niniZe ityvis da verc
sxva. momsamsaxureebi ai am droSiT gamovidnen, gaficvis Tavisufle­
bas Txouloben da Tqven amis nebas ar aZlevTo. iciT ras niSnavs es? es
niSnavs imas, rac giTxariT, rac moxda saavadmyofoSi _ me gaficuli
viqnebi, gaficvis Tavisuflebas gaviyvan da avadmyofebi amowydneno.
sxva dros, rasakvirvelia, is razedac gelaparakeT, saavadmyofoSi
gaficvis Sedegebi yuradRebis miqcevis Rirsi iyo. magram, rogorc
uaryofiTi movlena CvenSic esec aRsaniSnavia.
exla SemeZlo kidev CamomeTvala Zalian bevri organizaciebi...
(xmauroba) mogaxseneT, rom baqos profesionaluri kavSiri erTo ori
da oTxi CamoTvales, erT-erT organizaciis sxva da sxva nawilebi
(xmauroba) magram is auarebeli dadgenilebebi, romlebic mosdis re­
daqciebs da agreTve ocdaerT martis sxdomaze miRebuli rezoliuc­
iebi (xma: menSevikebisa!) Tundac menSevikebisa. menSvikebi iyos Tu gin­
da. aseTive dadgenileba iyo orTaWalis mosamsaxureebis da muSebis
krebisa (kiTxulobs).
erTi sityviT TbilisSi aravis uTqvams, TbilisSi aravisTvis
utyuari ar aris, rom Tbilisis muSebis did umravlesobas moewona
is nabiji, romelic gadadgmuli iyo qalaqis sabWos mier. es nabiji
iyo mimarTuli marto iqiTken, rom visac mdgomareobasTan Serige­
ba SeeZlo dabrunebuliyo ukan, vinc ki marTla mteri iyo, da visac
Tavisi moqmedebiT maxvilis Cacema undoda zurgSi _ moeSorebina da
kidec moiSora. ramdenic unda eqomagoT imaT, qalaqis TviTmmarTv­
elobas sxvanairi moqceva ar SeeZlo. da Tqven dawvrilebiT pasuxs,
ricxviT ramdeni iyvnen daTxovnilni, ramdeni iyo gaficvis monaw­
ile, vin iyvenen isini sxva da sxva mdgomareobiT, erovnebiT, social­
ur mdgomareobiT, ganaTlebiT da sxva ufro dawvrilebiTi pasuxis
miiRebT qalaqis sabWoSi, Tu iqnebiT msmenelad. amaze SekiTxva sabWo­
Siac aris Semotanili da pasuxsac mivcemT iq. exla ki kidev erTi mo­
sazreba minda moviyvano. rodesac ukanasknelma molaparakem daasru­
la Tavisi sityva, man sTqva, rom bevr noeebSi xeiri ar ariso. saqme
imaSia, rom Tu maTi moqmedeba Tqven SegiZlianT gaabaTiloT raime
faqtebiT, unaxoT marTlac raime uvargisi moqmedeba SeiZleba ilapa­
rakoT, maSin amas aqvs mniSvneloba, Torem sanam es ar dagimtkicebiaT,
aseTi zepiri gamosvlebiT gindaT mxolod kbena.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tqven usaTuod Seugneblad moqmedobT, Torem,
me mgonia, Tqven ganzrax es ar unda gindodeT. Tqven gindaT ukbinoT
da amiT gindaT saxeli gaikeToT, _ sinamdvile unda icodeT, da Tu
xels gviSlian saerTo saqmeSi, amiT Tqven mters da Cven mtersac saqmes
ukeTeben da aZliereben. am emTxevvaSi ugunuri Tqveni moqmedebiT

39
ar uwevT angariSs ra Sedegebi mohyveba. igavebiT, rom gveTqva, Cven
SegviZlian erTi igavi mogiyvanoT; krilovis erTi gmiri, gemriel
rkos sWamda; _ rkoTi kmayofili iyo da imave dros muxas Zirs uTxri­
da. ai aseTi aris Tqveni saqme. Cvenis azriT, mTavrobis moqmedebis wi­
naaRmdeg Setanili SekiTxva ar aris srulebiT damamtkicebeli imisa,
rom mTavrobas is ar uqnia rac unda eqmna. piriqiT, mTavrobas Segi­
ZlianT is usayveduroT, rom aseT movlenas ar unda hqonoda adgili,
aseT kacebs ar unda hqonodaT saSualeba TareSobisa da farfaSisa,
da Tavisufal muSaobisa, SeiZleba am jgufma es usayveduros mTavro­
bas. magram axsna da ganmarteba mas imisa SeuZlian, rom axalgazrda
saxelmwifos axal Zalebis meqones, jer kidev ganuviTarebels, ar See­
Zlo saxelmwifos yoveli dargis da yoveli mxris mowyoba ese kargad,
idealurad, sxvaTa Soris administraciac. mxolod amiTi aixsneba. es
SegveZlo gvesayvedura mTavrobisTvis da ara is, rom cota gvian sa­
surveli zomebi miiRo.

social-demokratiuli formula morig

sakiTxze gadasvlisa.

Tavmjdomare. Semotanilia ori formula. erTi formula gaxlavT

social-demokratebisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs): „moismina ra mTavrobis pasuxi soc.-rev.
SekiTxvaze qalaqis gaficul mosamsaxureTa datusaRebis Sesaxeb, dam­
fuZnebeli kreba darwmunebulia, rom mTavrobas zomebi miuRia ara
gaficulTa winaaRmdeg, aramed im gareSe politikur elementebisa,
romelnic gaficviT sargeblobden Cveni respublikis dasamxobad; rom
am mizniT miRebuli represiebi gamowveuli iyo demokratiis inter­
esebis dacviT, damfuZnebel krebas imedi aqvs, rom anarqiis Casaqrobad
mTavroba SemdegSiac ar daerideba mizan-Sewonilad represiuli zome­
bis miRebas demokratiis da muSaTa klasis aSkara Tu faruli mtrebis
winaaRmdeg _ sruliad dakmayofilebuli misi pasuxiT, gadadis morig
sakiTxze“.
Tavmjdomare. meore formula gaxlavT socialist­-re­vo­liuci­
one­re­bisa. gTxovT waikiTxoT.

socialist-revoliucionerTa formula

mdivani (kiTxulobs): moismina ra SekiTxva q. Tbilisis gafi­

cul mosamsaxureTa dapatimrebisa da gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb da
masze mTavrobis ganmarteba, damfuZnebeli kreba adgens: 1) dauy­
ovnebliv ganTavisuflebul iqnan gaficvis gamo dapatimrebul­

40
ni, xolo gadasaxlebulebs mieces ufleba ukan dabrunebisa; 2)
miRebul iqnes yvela TavianT adgilebze, vinc gaficvis gamo qa­
laqis TviTmmarTvelobam daiTxova, Tu isini amas moisurveben da
3) moxdes sastiki gamoZieba administraciis moqmedebisa am saqmeSi,
raTa damnaSaveni da borot-moqmedni dauyovnebliv pasuxisgebaSi
iqnen micemulni.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva am formulis Sesaxeb?
msurveli aravinaa. maSasadame kenWs uyri am formulebs im rigze, ra
rigzec aris Semotanili. vin aris momxre pirvel formulisa, ese igi
social-demokratebis mier Semotanilisa? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin
aris momxre meore formulisa? formula uaryofili gaxlavT. Semde­
gi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

SekiTxva social-revoliucionerebis fraqciisa gzaTa

ministrisadmi Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze saxazino
qonebis gatacebis Sesaxeb.

rogorc mogexsenebaT avtorebma im dRes SekiTxvis siswrafe mox­

snes, ise rom saswrafoT ar aris aRiarebuli es SekiTxva. Tu aravin
winaaRmdegi ar aris is iqneba ganxiluli dResve. gTxoT moisminoT
teqsti (mdivani kiTxulobs). sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno! Zvel biurokratiis cxovrebas
sxvaTa Soris axasiaTebda is, rom misi mesveurebi metad tlanqad da
uceremonioT epyroboden saxalxo qonebas. saxalxo qoneba iyo maTi pi­
radi gamdidrebis da keTil-dReobis wyaro.
xalxis keTildReoba da samSoblos gasaWiri maTTvis litoni si­
tyva iyo. maTTvis ar arsebobda sazogadoebrivi azri, maT, rogorc
ityvian, arc RmerTisa eSinodaT, arc adamianisa rcxvenodaT. es Tav­
isi duxWiri zneobrivi fizianomia Zvelma moxeleebma gamoxates cno­
bil winadadebaSi, romelic ambobda: „не пойманъ, не воръ.~
es iyo aRmaSfoTebeli, magram iyo savsebiT gasagebi, radganac
mTeli es sistema iyo yalbi, iyo aSenebuli Cagvrasa da Zaladobaze.
demokratiis da revoliuciis gamarjvebis Semdeg, Cven gvqonda sru­
li imedi gvefiqra, rom raki xalxis saqmes saTaveSi Caudgnen xalxisave
Svilebi, xalxis qonebas mouvliden ise, rogorc amas moiTxovda xalxis
interesebi. miT umetes es saWiro iyo iseT Rarib erisaTvis, rogoric
aris Cveni eri. samwuxarod amis Segnebas Cven ver vxedavT. piriqiT, sax­
alxo qonebis ganiavebam da sistematiur gatacebam CvenSi zRapruli
xasiaTi miiRo. TiTqmis ar aris arc erTi dawesebuleba, sadac ar iyo
sistematiuri gaflangva.
Cveni SekiTxva exeba konkretiul SemTxvevas, romelsac adgili
hqonda da aqvs Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze. magram, rac iq xdeba aris

41
gagrZeleba im nivTier ganiavebis epidemiisa, romelic momdinareobs
centridan, da romelic nacvlad ekonomiuri aRorZinebisa Cven re­
spublikas uqadis saSinel katastrofas. faqtebi Semdegi gaxlavT:
sofel TeklaTSi am mokle xnis winaT, rkinis gzis administraciam aR­
moaCina sxva da sxva saxazino masalebi, romelic iyvnen gaqurdulni da
gatacebuli rkinis gzis sawyobidan da kantoridan. amis Sesaxeb iqmna
Seyenebuli oqmi. oqmi gaegzavna gzis ufross, magram mas kanonieri
msvleloba ar mieca da yvela damnaSaveni darCnen gareT Tavisuflad.
Semdeg sofel iremeSi hqonda adgili aseT SemTxvevas: aq gaitanes
sawyobidan rkineuloba, Spalebi, auarebeli nivTebi, Seyenebul iqmna
oqmi, es oqmi gadaeca Cveulebriv ufrosebs, magram msveloloba ar
mieca da damnaSaveni isev darCnen Tavisufalni. sofel TeklaTis mcx­
ovrebs viRac xuxuas unaxes agreTve saxazino qoneba, masalebi blo­
maT, Seayenes oqmi, magram saqmes msvleloba ar mieca da uyuradReboT
darCa. martis Sua ricxvebSi sofel xeTaSi gaitaces auarebeli masa­
la, romelic ekuTvnis rkinis gzas. es aRmoaCina rkinis gzis adminis­
traciam, Seayenes oqmi, magram saqmes Cveulebrivi msvleloba mieca.
gzis erT erT kontoraSi moipares sxva da sxva tansacmeli, da sxva da
sxva masalebi, Seyenebuli iqmna oqmi, magram damnaSaveni Tavisufal­
ni arian, maTTvis araviTari pasuxi ar mouTxoviaT. martSi am gzaze
gaqurdes meore kontora, saidanac waiRes tyavi da sxva auarebeli
saqoneli, Seayenes agreTve oqmi, magram damnaSaveni dResac dapa­
timrebulni ar arian. Semdeg moxda didi borotmoqmedeba: gaitac­
es auarebeli saqoneli, ramdenime 10,000 maneTis Rirebulebisa. amis
Sesaxeb iqmnen Sepyrobilni damnaSaveni, magram gaanTavisufles ise,
rom araviTari msvleloba saqmes ar misces da uyuradRebod darC­
nen esenic. es zarali udris ramdenime 10,000 maneTs. 30 aprils mox­
da aseTi faqti: sadgurs daecnen dRisiT, moitanes urmebi, daawyes
urmebze auarebeli saqoneli da waiRes (xmebi: rodis iyo!) es iyo 30
aprils. (xmebi: romeli stiliT!) am 30 aprils axali stiliT. auarebe­
li saqoneli dafasebuli aris ramdenime 10,000 maneTad.
mogexsenebaT, rodesac aseTi ukanonoba xdeba, rodesac aseTi
gaqurdva swarmoebs, gataceba saxazino qonebisa, ubralo loRika
moiTxovs, rom gaZlierdes dacva, gamravldes darajebi, magram Cven
sul winaaRmdegs vxedavT. magaliTad erT kontoras hyavda ori da­
raji, am orSi erTi iyo jansaRi, axalgazrda kaci, meore iyo moxuci
60 wlisa. warmoidgineT ufrosma es axalgazrda ZalRoniT aRsavse
daiTxova da dastova es moxuci. imave Rames daecnen am kontoras da
gaqurdes. Tu ra midrekileba trialebs iq da rogori tendencia, amas
mowmobs Tundac is gancxadeba, romelic zugdidis mazris erobaSi
Seitana xmosanma latariam. iq pirdapir sweria, rom rkinis gzaze xde­
ba auwereli uwesoeba da mas yuradRebas ar aqceven. is moiTxovs, rom
amas yuradReba miaqcion. b-ni xmosani swers: „maqvs pativi gangicxad­
oT, rom ager meore Tvea, rac me werilobiTi gancxadeba gadmogeciT

42
Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze uwesoebis Sesaxeb. me ar vici erobis gamgeobam
ra zomebi miiRo mis Sesaxeb, vici mxolod is, rom mas Semdeg borotmo­
qmedeba da usaqmoba aRniSnul gzaze gaZlierda“ da sxva.
aq erTi Secdoma aris mxolod. b. xmosans social­-demokrats hgo­
nia, rom erobas SeuZlian rame gaakeTos. magram saqme imaSia, rom ero­
ba mxolod daxmarebas uwevs rkinis gzas, namdvilad, faqtiurad ki
rkinis gza aris saministros xelSi. am saministros gahyavs rkinis gza.
viciT agreTve eseTi faqti: erobam saministros gamougzavna depe­
Sa, sadac Txoulobs, rom miiRos saswrafo zomebi. magram araviTari
zomebi am SekiTxvaze ar yofila miRebuli. rom mdgomareoba rkinis
gzaze aris metad damafiqrebeli, seriozuli. amas mowmobs Tundac
Semdegi dokumenti, Semdegi sabuTi: imave gamgeobis saxelze vinme
gaxaria, romelic aris xelosani meore ubnis sadgur xeTaSi, pirvel
distanciis ufrosis Sesaxeb swers, rom ufross srulebiT ar ainter­
esebs rkinis gza, mas surs cota xnis Semdeg gza miixuros da salikvi­
dacio aiRoso. dokumenti rusulad aris dawerili. iq sweria: `Когда
г. Зельцман (ufrosia) увидел, что земство берется построить дорогу с одной
стороны и что мы рабочие организуемся професионально и партиино – ему это не
по душе и он старается прикрыть дорогу, получить ликвидационных и удрать от
демократической республики~da sxva. aseTi aris batonebo, mdgomareoba,
aseTi aris faqtebi. exeba es ara aseul maneTebs, aramed aTaseul da
aTi aTaseul. da Tu ase gagrZelda, Tavis Tvad cxadia, daskvna iqneba
is, rom marTlac es gza daixureba da Cven respublikas moelis aua­
nazRurebeli zarali. me minda gavigo: icis Tu ara Cvenma mTavrobam
da Tu icis, ra zomebi miiRo. me mogaxseneT mxolod mSrali faqtebi,
mogaxseneT ase vTqvaT Sine ira et studio.
me ar minda am faqtebs raime komentariebi gaukeTo, ar minda imi­
tom, rom es faqtebi TavisTavad RaRadeben, ar minda imitom agreTve,
rom im ministrs, romelic erT saministros ver uvlida, Cven ver
movTxovT, rom sam saministros mouaros, seriozulad gauZRves!..
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gzaTa departamentis ufross b. Wi­
WinaZes.

gzaTa departamentis ufrosis WiWinaZis gancxadeba

batonebo! vinaidan am SekiTxvas uTuod aqvs miznad gaaSuqos is,

rac xdeba Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze, me maqvs pativi upirveles yovlisa,
aRvniSno, Tu rogor moxda im organizaciis mowyoba, romelic moqme­
dobs Savi zRvis rkinis gzaze.
garda amisa unda aRvniSno, rom Tumca am SekiTxvas uwodeben Savi
zRvis rkinis gzis qonebis gatacebas, magram SekiTxva, umTavresad ro­
gorc Sevatye, exeba axal-senak-zugdidis rkinis gzis saqmeebs. unda
mogaxsenoT, rom am rkinis gzis aSenebis da danarCen nawilebis Savi

43
zRvis rkinis gzis Cven farglebSi likvidaciis sakiTxi gadawyvetil­
ia saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 28 oqtombers 1918 w. mas Semdeg yo­
filma gzaTa ministrma gamosca brZaneba am gzis Sesaxeb, romelSiac
naTqvamia, rom 205 versidan, tuapsedan rom davTvaloT, 329 versamde
rkinis gzis nawili Cabardeba xazinis rkinis gzis liandagis ufross
inJeners b. karpoviCs. mxolod danarCeni nawilis Sesaxeb, rogorc am­
bobs es brZaneba (kiTxulobs): `Об организации приемки III и IV участков
дороги от 204-ой версты до 29-ой последует дополнительное распоряжение~. es
gankarguleba saubedurod Zlier dagvianda da saqmis gamosasworeb­
lad daniSnuli iyo, yofil ministris brZanebiT, vinme inJeneri ficx­
elauri, romelic damoukideblad mu­Saobda iq. saubedurod, Semdeg
zogierTi samwuxaro movlena moxda mis moRvaweobaSi da amitom es
kaci micemuli aris samarTalSi. es nawili isev gadaeca imave inJeners
karpovs salikvidaciod. unda mogaxsenoT, rom am rkinis gzis Seneba
Zalian didxans grZeldeboda, is metad Zneli asaSenebeli rkinis gza
iyo. Zalian bevri masala iyo damzadebuli, romelic didxans, ramden­
ime wels ewyo iq. amitom upirveles yovlisa gzaTa saministro fiqrob­
da imas, Tu ra principze unda damdgariyo, rom moexdina likvidacia
im nawilebisa, romlis aSenebas Cven ver SevZlebdiT, da damTavreba im
nawilisa, romelic maSindel Semadgenlobis gzaTa saministros Sesa­
Zleblad miaCnda. im brZanebaSi, romelzedac me mogaxseneT, naTqvamia
is, rom Seneba iwyoba axal-senakidan zugdidamdis, xolo danarCen
gzis likvidacia unda moxdes da principi likvidaciisa iyo Semdegi:
upirveles yovlisa Cven unda gvyavdes sruliad cota ricxvi mosam­
saxureebisa, iq unda gamogveyenebina SeZlebisamebr is masala, romel­
ic iyo iq rkinis gzaze. is masala, romelic gafantuli iyo liandagze,
zog adgilas sawyobSi iyo es masala, zog adgilas cis qveS. es masale­
bi SeZlebisamebr adgilobriv gayiduli iyo, maTi gadmotana aqeTken
metad Zneli iqneboda. magram radganac SesaZlebeli iyo, rom gaCaRe­
buliyo aq didi spekuliacia Tu es gadaecemoda kerZo pirebs da Sem­
deg isini imas gahyiddnen soflad, rasakvirvelia, saxelmZRvanelod
exlandelma Semadgenlobam gzaTa saministrosi misca administra­
cias Semdegi principi: rodesac romelime masala iyideba, yovelTvis
upiratesoba mieces erobas da gadaeces erobas, Tu is moisurvebs ase­
Ti masala SeiZinos, ara nakleb fasebSi vidre SesaZlebelia gaiyidos,
_ nakleb fasebSic, Tu eroba naRd fulad yidis. da unda mogaxsenoT,
rom bevri masala ukve gadadis erobaSi. magaliTad, axla 1000 boCka
cementi gadadis senakis erobis gankargulebaSi. amrigad principi
iyo aseTi, rom adgilobriv gaiyidos SeZlebisamebr es masala, rom
ar mogvxdenoda gadmotana, rac gamoiwvevs did Statebs da xarjs re­
spublikisTvis. saministros, rasakvirvelia, ar SeeZlo, rom Seeqmna
300 versis manZilze iseTi darajoba, rom uwyebas am masalidan ara
dahkargoda ra. darajebi hyavda imdeni, ramdenic SeiZleboda, rom
hyavdes rkinis gzis administracias da darajebi im administratiul

44
aparatisa SeZlebisamebr asrulebdnen movaleobas. ukanasknel dros
erobasac unda gaewios es daxmareba. is fuli, romelic Sesdgeba gay­
idul masalisagan, es adgilobriv xazinaSi, saxeldobr soxumSi iqmna
Setanili, egred wodebul Savi zRvis rkinis gzis likvidaciis de­
pozitSi da iq imyofeba. aseTi iyo wesi likvidaciisa.
rac Seexeba im samwuxaro cnobebs, romelzedac aq mogaxseneT, me
konkretiulad am SemTxvevas ar Sevexebi, vityvi sazogadod, rom amis
Sesaxeb gzaTa saministros ukve martis dasawyisSi, martis Sua ricx­
vebSi mouvida pirveli cnobebi, romlis Semdeg Cven SeudeqiT ganxil­
vas moqmedebisa im inJener ficxelaurisa, romelic iyo iq da romelic
gadayenebul iqmna. Semdeg TandaTan gamoirkva, rom iq aqvs adgili, ro­
gorc dacemas, agreTve waRebas zogierT masalebisa. agreTve hqonda
adgili imasac, rom erTi mosamsaxure viTomda daikarga, egonaT, rom
mokluli iyo, Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom waeRo 7,000 maneTi da gaparuli­
yo. aseTi movlenebi iyo, da upirveles yovlisa amas miaqcia yuradReba
adgilobrivma administraciam.
me unda mogaxsenoT, rom piradad me vicnob im xalxs, romelic
aris dayenebuli iq, vicnob inJener karpoviCs, romelic didixania
msaxurobs rkinis gzaze, da im axalgazrda inJiners, romelis aris
am likvidaciis saTaveSi. Cvens uwyebas aqvs saukeTeso Sexeduleba
imaze, da vgoneb, is sabuTebi, romelic me mogaxseneT, dagarwmunebT,
rom isini Rebuloben yovelgvar saSualebas, rom es rogorme aicdi­
non Tavidan. 10 aprils vrceli moxseneba warmomidgina inJiner kar­
poviCma, ra moxda rkinis gzaze, rogor gavrcelda dacema. es movlena
saubedurod xSiri aris, rom rkinis gzaze ucemiaT mcxovreblebi,
saubedurod is raioni ar aris ise uzrunvelyofili, rogorc sxva
raionebi Cveni respublikisa. warmodgenili moxseneba gvacnobebs
agreTve, rom yovel SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moxdeba adgilobriv ase­
Ti ambebi, inJineri, romelic iq aris, atyobinebs xolme adgilobriv
administracias. ai magaliTad me maqvs aseTi telegrama im SemTxvevis
Sesaxeb, romelsac me mgonia aq Seexnen, Tumca ver gavige kargad imas
exebodnen Tu ara... (kiTxulobs).
“Сухум. Чрезвычайному Комиссару. Копия агенту Фаину Тифлис,
17 апреля управляющий Джота Шервашидзе, Зугдидский житель Александр
Акиртава самовольно свез семьсот обрезков бревен, принадлежащих казне,
хранившихся на лесопильном заводе Шервашидзе, местности Сатондлее. Точно в
таком же случае самоуправства Акиртава телеграфировал Вам 27 января и вслед
выслал копию служебнаго дознания с просьбой о назначении следствия. Однако
ходатайство мое осталось без движения неприятие быстрых энергичных мер
дает Акиртаве и части населения впечатления полной безнаказанности пощряя
в дальнейшем к самоуправству. Убедительно прошу энергичнаго содействия
порученной мне охране казеннаго имущества“
namdvilad ki rasakvirvelia is komisari, rogorc Cven davrwmun­
diT amaSi, iRebs saWiro zomebs. Cven gadavdgiT saTanado nabijebi

45
da Sinagan saqmeTa saministoSi gavigeT, rom yvela zomebi, rasakvir­
velia, miRebuli iyo, magram am mizezebis gamo, romelic, rogorc
mogaxseneT am raionSi arsebobs, SeuZlebeli Seqmnes Zirianad mospo­
ba am movlenisa. iyo ramodenime SemTxveva kidev, isic moxsenebulia.
garda, adgilobriv organizaciebis, romelic TviTon rkinis gzam
Sehqmna, garda im organizaciebis, romelic Sinagan saqmeTa saminis­
tros an erobas aqvT xelT, iq aris saxelmwifo kontrolioris war­
momadgeneli. rasakvirvelia imas ar SeuZlian ar miaqcios yuradRe­
ba am samwuxaro movlenebzed, manac Segvatyobina Tumca ufro gvian,
vidre rkinis gzis administraciam, saxelmwifos kontroliorma
ramdenime SemTxveva dagvisaxela da moiTxovda amisaTvis yuradRe­
bas. Cven amas yuradReba mivaqcieT maSinve. gagzavnili iyo saWiro
brZaneba im inJenerisadmi, romelic iq iyo. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb man
warmogvidgina dawvrilebiTi moxseneba, _ me xelT maqvs es moxsene­
ba, _ es moxseneba gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom am inJeners gaukeTebia rac
SesaZlebeli iyo da isic rac SeuZlebeli iyo TiTqmis; imitom rom
is kaci dRe da Rame muSaobs. ese rom xdebodes im rkinis gzaze, ro­
melzedac moZraoba arsebobs, yovlad dauSvebeli iqneboda, radga­
nac aq masalas aqvs miCneuli erTi didi Senoba, romelSiac is inaxeba
masze. darajoba, rasakvirvelia ufro advilia, Tumca samwuxarod
iqac SeiZleba moxdes aseTi movlenebi da da iq ki ase ar aris, Tumca
Cven davrwmundiT imaSi, rom rodesac es samwuxaro ambebi xdeba, Re­
buloben zomebs, axdenen gamoZiebas, apatimreben kidev Tu imas SesZ­
leben, da gadascemen xolme adgilobriv komisars, Seatyobineben
yovelTvis adgilobriv erobas, da Cven darwmunebuli viyaviT amaSi
da davrwmundebiT kidevac, rom adgilobrivma administraciam xeli
Seuwyo amas. magram saerTod metad mZime mdgomareoba aris da amis
Sefaseba yovlad SeuZlebelia.
im faqtebidan, romelic aq wamoayenes, me ver davrwmundi naTlad,
romeli sakiTxi ufro ainteresebs SemkiTxvelebs: sakiTxi axal-sen­
ak-zugdidis rkinis gzis Sesaxeb, Tu zogierTi borotmoqmedebis
Sesaxeb, romelic moxda sxva adgilas. me mogaxseneT, rom metad mZime
mdgomareoba aris im adgilebS, im raionebSi, romelic exla daikava
Cvenma jarma. iyo SemTxveva, rom firoqselinis sawyobic ki afeTqda,
magram aseT pirobebSi SeuZlebeli iyo mogveTxova am ganyofilebis
ufrosisgan yvela saWiro zomebis miReba im dros, rodesac iq TiTqmis
warmoebda samxedro moqmedeba. aq SeuZlebelia, rom yovelive moxdes
ise, rogorc Cvens saxazino gzaze xdeba, sadac, rogorc wesia, moZ­
raobs matarebeli. masalebi gafantuli aris samas versze. ar Sei­
Zleba advilad misvla-mosvla. orTqlmavali iq ar aris. rodesac
moxdeba borotmoqmedeba, or-sam kacis gafantva advilad SeuZlian
SeiaraRebul Zalas. yofila aseTi SemTxvevebi: darajebs dascemian,
auyriaT iaraRi da wauRiaT masala. rasakvirvelia, miuRiaT zome­
bi, magram didi manZilis movlas meti darajebi dasWirdeba. es ad­

46
vilad ver moxerxda. me unda gamovtyde damfuZnebel krebis winaSe,
rom rodesac movida depeSa, romelSiac ityobinebodnen, rom afeTq­
da zemoxsenebuli sawyobio, me upirveles yovlisa SevekiTxe inJener
karpoviCs: daaxlovebiT miTxariT ra Rirs masala exlandel faseb­
Si, iqneba sjobia Cven es masala davkargoT, vidre Cven iq auarebeli
darajebi davayenoT. rasakvirvelia, sadac aris amisTana sawyobebi,
rogorc aris gagraSi an sxva amisTana alagebSi, Cven ramdendac Ses­
aZlebelia viRebT zomebs, rom amisTana SemTxveva ar moxdes. amisTa­
na zomebs Rebulobs, rogorc saministro, agreTve me darwmunebuli
var, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobac. garda amisa gakvriT mogaxse­
nesT Tqven aq, rom TiTqmis axalsenak-zugdidis rkinis gzis SenobaSi
gangeb uSlis am gzis Senebas administracia. konkretiulad dasaxele­
bul piris Sesaxeb verafers ver mogaxsenebT imitom, rom me ar vicodi
am SemTxvevisa araferi, exla gavige, rom distanciis ufrosma zalc­
manma raRac sTqva am rkinis gzis Senobis Sesaxeb, magram zalcmani am
sakiTxs ar swyvets. am sakiTxs swyvets uwyeba, ministri. gadaswyvets
damfuZnebeli kreba.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom is xarjT-aRricxva, romelic Sedgenili
aris am rkinis gzis aSenebisTvis, iTvleboda sam milionad, exla ki
gamodis xuTjer meti. Tu amis Sesaxeb gamorkvevas axdens administra­
cia, axdens ara imitom, rom raime awyeninos erobas, aramed imisTvis,
rom gamoarkvios Tu marTla ramdenad dajdeba es Senoba. arc zalc­
mans, arc ivanes da petres ar SeuZlian iqonios Tavisi piradi gavlena
am sakiTxze. mas aqvs davalebuli gamoarkvios Rirebuleba, da am Rire­
bulebis mixedviT gadaswydeba es sakiTxi.
ai aseTia namdvili mdgomareoba. unda mogaxsenoT, rom Tqven dar­
wmundebiT im masaliT, romelic me xelTa maqvs, da Tu gnebavT gadav­
cem damfuZnebel krebas, rom administraciam miiRo zomebi, an meore
dResve, an imave dResve. administracia am pirobebSi iZulebulia xan­
daxan arsebuli wesic daarRvios, rom dauyovnebliv dapatimrebuli
iyos damnaSave da aRmoCenili iyos dakarguli masala. magram ase Tu
ar xdeboda zogierT SemTxvevaSi _ es iyo Cvengan damoukidebeli mize­
zebis gamo.
gaumjobeseba am mdgomareobisa SeiZleba mxolod Cqara gayidviT
am masalisa, an misi gadmozidviT aqeT, magram ukanasknels xels uSlis
gemebis uqonloba, vinaidan isini umTavresad Cveni jaris da gvardiis
saWiroebas emsaxurebian.
me mgonia, rom SemkiTxvelebi, romelTac aq meti gavlena etyobaT,
vidre sxvagan, darwmundebian, rom am raionSi SeuZlebeli iyo meti
zomebis miReba, administraciis mier.
me mgonia, es garemoeba moispoba mxolod maSin CvenSi, rodesac am
uwesoT dabneul masalas an CavabarebT vismes, an gavyidiT, an gadavce­
mT erobas, mxolod maSin moispoba es garemoeba, romelic exlandel
pirobebSi iwvevs borotmoqmedebas.

47
 es aris is, rac SemeZlo momexsenebina TqvenTvis am Se­kiTxvis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomareobs s. mdivani.
Tavmjdomare. Cawerili aravin aris. msurveli aravin aris? maSa­
sadame, kamaTi mospobilia.
formula social-demokratiis fraqciisa gTxovT waikiTxoT.
(SaraSiZis asuli kiTxulobs).
surs vismes sityva am rezoliuciis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis leo
Sengelaias.
leo Sengelaia. (s.-r) b-bo rezoliuciis Semotana SeiZleba maSin,
Tu ki kamaTi Sewyvetili aris. me jer kamaTi ar gamigonia.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, kamaTi Sewyvetili aris. kamaTis Sewyve­
tis Sesaxeb mets sityvas ar gaZlevT. me sityva mogeciT rezoliuci­
is Sesaxeb. kamaTi dasrulebuli aris. me winadadebiT mivmarTe dam­
fuZnebel krebas, _ surs Tu ara vismes sityva, msurveli aravin iyo.
kamaTi dasrulebuli aris da gTxovT ilaparakoT rezoliuciis Ses­
axeb.
Tu Tqven ver moaswreT dawera gTxovT dasweroT. gTxovT waikiTx­
oT rezoliucia. (SaraSiZis asuli kiTxulobs). ori rezoliucia
aris: social-demokratebisa da eserebisa. kenWs uyri pirvel formu­
las. vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris momxre meore rezoliuciisa? ma­
Sasadame miRebulia pirveli rezoliucia. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi Semdeg sxdomisa.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs) damfuZnebeli kreba wesrigs adasturebs.
sxdoma ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTze.

48
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdameore sxdoma

1919 w. ivnisis 1. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi amx­

anagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 7 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT dabrZandeT.
dRevandeli sxdoma saswrafo sxdomaa damfuZnebeli krebisa.
prezidiumma is daniSna imisTvis, rom damfuZnebelma krebam moisminos
gancxadeba respublikis mTavrobisa.
.pirveli sityva ekuTvnis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs b. gegeWkors

sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni petres Ze gegeWkoris

g a n c x a d e b a.

moqalaqeno! denikinis Savi laSqari Cvens qveyanas emuq­reba, da me

mTavrobis dadgenilebiT minda gagacnoT Tqven faktiuri mdgomareo­
ba Cveni respublikisa.
Tqven iciT, rom moxaliseTa jarma daikava petrovski da derbenti.
mTielTa mTavrobam da parlamentma iaraRi dahyara da amnairad
TiTqos dRes-dReobiT denikini mmarTvelia mTielTa respublikisa;

49
magram nuravin Tqvengani nu ifiqrebs, rom marTlac iq moxda gamarjve­
ba denikinis Zalebisa. is, rasac adgili hqonda am ukanasknel dReebSi
mTaSi, es iyo Sedegi Savi Ralatisa. generalma xalilovma gasca Tav­
is qveyana da zurgSi Tavis xalxs laxvari Casca. is mTavroba, romel­
sac Cabarebuli hqonda bed-iRbali mTisa moRalate gamodga, da Cven
gvaqvs sruli rwmena, rom Tavisuflebis motrfiale mTa kidev SesZ­
lebs Sekribos Tavisi Zalebi da Sesaferi pasuxi gasces Savi reaqciis
matarebels general denikins. (taSi).
dRes ukve denikinis Savi laSqari azerbejanis respublikis sazR­
vars moadga.
Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rogoria mdgomareoba meore frontze, im
frontze, sadac Cven piris-pir vdgevarT denikinTan. es gaxlavT soWis
olqi, iq ukve aSkarad sCans, rom denikinis razmi moqmedebas iwyebs
da SesaZlebelia ramdenime dRis Semdeg Cven gveqnes saqme ukve maTTan
SetakebasTan. (kedia: vin avangardobs?)
amave dros saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas aqvs utyuari
cnobebi, rom baTumSi apireben gen.-guber. romanovskis daniSvnas da
mis gankargulebaSi iqneba mcire razmi moxaliseTa jarisa. aseTia, mo­
qalaqeno, saerTo suraTi. Tqven aqedan aSkarad dainaxavT, rom deniki­
ni da ruseTis reaqcia amier-kavkasias da Cven respublikas rgoliviT
gars ertymis da mas dedamiwis zurgidan alagmvas uqadis.
magram, me Tqven winaSe Tamamad SemiZlia ganvacxado, rom araviTar
SiSs Cven Soris adgili ar unda hqondes. sulmokleobas gamoiCens is,
mets vityvi, moRalateT unda moinaTlos is, vinc am sapasuxismgeblo
momentis dros miscems Tavis Tavs nebas, rom panika, an sxva rame aseTi,
Cven Soris gaavrcelos, radganac saqmis mdgomareoba, ZalTa ganwyo­
bileba aravis ar aZlevs uflebas sTqvas, rom Tu es Setakeba moxda
gamarjveba Cven ar dagvrCeba.
Cven gvaqvs sruli imedi vTqvaT, rom am Setakebidan qarTve­
li xalxi, Cveni demokratia, Cveni respublika gamarjvebuli gamova
(taSi).
Tqven moqalaqeno, Zalian kargad iciT, rom Cven Tavs aravis ar
vesxmodiT, Cveni politika, misi Sinaarsi ganizomeboda imiT, rom Cve­
ni xalxi, Cveni ojaxi, Cveni Tavisufleba, Cveni eri yovel nair Tav­
dasxmisagan gadagverCina. magram Tu vinme moindomebs Cveni uflebis
gadalaxvas, Cvenis xalxis da eris mospobas, unda icodes man, rom Cven­
Si Sexvdeba sastik winaaRmdegobas.
Cveni istoriuli tradicia, Cveni demokratiis ganvlili gza gva­
Zlevs Cven uflebas Tamamad vTqvaT, rom xalilovis Sav Ralats da
xalilovis moqmedebas aq adgili ar eqneba (taSi).
Cven gvindoda, radganac, rogorc me mogaxseneT, Cven ruseTis
saqmeebSi ar verevodiT, es sadavo sakiTxi, romelic Cven Soris iyo,
morigebiT dagveTavebina. Tqven iciT, Tu ra niadagze vapirebdiT Cven
morigebas: Cven davikaveT istoriuli Cveni sazRvrebi da win wasvlas

50
ar vapirebdiT, aravis Tavs ar vesxmodiT, magram 29 maiss denikinis
warmomadgenelTan molaparakebam aSkarad dagvimtkica Cven, Tu ra
asuldgmulebda general denikins, Tu ra ainteresebda da risken iyo
mipyrobili misi Tvalebi. Cven ukve aSkarad davrwmundiT maSin, rom
aq saqme gvaqvs ara soWis olqze, ara sazRvris sakiTxebze, aramed: de­
nikini fiqrobs mospos muSaTa revoliucia, mospos (kedia: damoukide­
bloba!) saqarTvelos respublika da saqarTvelos demokratia; rom
mas ainteresebs TviT saqarTvelo, rogorc damoukidebeli saxelm­
wifo da is xmals mxolod maSin Caagebs, rodesac is Tavis Savbnel Za­
lebs Semousevs saqarTvelos respublikas.
ai kiTxva moqalaqeno, ase sdgas.
Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom amis Semdeg molaparakebiT saqmis dam­
Tavrebaze laparaki zedmetia. me Tavidanve mogaxseneT Tqven, rom Cve­
ni mdgomareoba, ZalTa ganwyobileba gvaZlevs Cven uflebas vTqvaT,
rom Cven damSvidebiT SegviZlia SevxvdeT im axal dabrkolebas, rome­
lic Cven winmsvlelobis gzaze gadagveRoba.
ra mdgomareoba aris es mdgomareoba?
Tqven gaxsovT, moqalaqeno, rom erTi wlis ukan, rodesac Cveni
qveyana gansacdelis win idga, rodesac mas Semoesia osmaleTis brboe­
bi, is maSin damarcxebuli darCa. magram dRes Cveni mdgomareoba Se­
darebiT imasTan rac iyo erTi wlis ukan, gacilebiT ukeTesia. Cveni
demokratia brZolaSi gamoiwvrTna, gakaJda da is dRes ukve uZlevel
gmirs warmoadgens. Cveni xalxi dRes ukve SegnebiT icavs Tavis saxel­
mwifos da Tavis respublikas. Tu SarSan samoqalaqo omi Sin gvqonda,
dRes ukve zurgi gamagrebuli gvaqvs. Tu SarSan Cven mowyvetil vi­
yaviT kulturul kacobriobas da saerTaSoriso demokratias, dRes
ukve masTan Zafi gvaqvs. is rac dRes aq xdeba ukve saqarTvelos mTav­
robam acnoba Cven delegacias parizSi.
da ismeba sakiTxi, _ Tu sagareo saqmeTa ministri safrangeTis re­
spublikisa piSoni ukanasknel Tavis gamosvlaSi amarTlebda Tavis
politikas ruseTis sakiTxSi, imiT, rom denikinis armia ibrZvis bol­
Sevizmis da anarqiis winaaRmdeg da amiT did samsaxurs uwevs civi­
lizacias da kulturul xalxebs, _ Cven SegviZlia dRes SevekiTxoT
sagareo saqmeTa ministrs piSons: _ vis ebrZvis am SemTxvevaSi deniki­
ni da klemansosa da loidjorjis mier SeiaraRebuli misi armia? Tu
deputat borels piSoni upasuxebs, rom denikinis SeiaraRebiT mokav­
Sireni aiaraReben, im Zalas, romelmac unda daamxos bolSevizmi, _ Cven
ar viciT ra pasuxs gascems borels piSoni, rodesac sazogadoebrivi
azri gaecnoba im dokuments, romelic saqarTvelos respublikam iq
wargzavna, rodesac iq gaigeben, rom dRes laxvari denikinisa mimar­
Tuli aris ara anarqiis winaaRmdeg, ara bolSevizmis winaaRmdeg, ar­
amed amier-kavkasiis respublikaTa da saqarTvelos eris winaaRmdeg.
Cven Rrmad varT darwmunebuli, rom mTeli saerTaSoriso
demokratia, mTeli mowinave sazogadoebrivi azri evropisa Cven mx­

51
areze iqneba da is mxars dauWers saqarTvelos respublikas da ami­
er-kavkasiis erebs, da ai is Zala, romelsac Cven sxvaTa Soris Segvi­
Zlian daveyrdnoT.
magram umTavresi Zala, moqalaqeno, Tavis Tavad cxadia, Cven TviT
CvenSi unda veZioT. Cven sruliad eWvi ar Segvaqvs imaSi, rom Cveni
xalxi rogorc erTi kaci ibrZolebs saqarTvelos respublikis mtris
winaaRmdeg. Cven eWvi ar Segvaqvs imaSi, rom saqarTvelos glexTa
da muSaTa klasi sastikaT SeebrZoleba denikins, vinaidan denikins
moaqvs aq CvenSi Savi reaqcia, socialuri da politikuri reaqcia,
vinaidan denikinis Semosvla uqadis Cvens qveyanas aoxrebas, da mo­
spobas brZoliT monapovar Tavisuflebisas. magram imave dros, Cven
SegviZlian vTqvaT, rom qarTveli xalxi am SebrZolebaSi ganmartove­
buli ar sdgas. Cven ukve gvaqvs utyuari sabuTi imisa, rom azerbai­
janis respublika CvenTan erTad aris. (taSi) esalmebin azerbaijanis
respublikis warmomadgenels jafarovs). Cveni cnobiT ukve warigza­
vna sazRvarze jarebi, romelnic azerbaijanis sazRvrebs medgrad
daicaven (taSi).
am gvarad, moqalaqeno, me unda vsTqva, rom saSiSroeba denikinSi
da mis laSqarSi ki ar aris. Tqven yvelam kargad uwyiT, Tu ras war­
moadgens es laSqari, is brboebi, romelTac araviTari saerTo lozu­
ngi, araviTari wminda saqme ar aerTianebs, ar asuldgmulebs. Tqven
iciT, rom es brboebi garbian pirvel SemTxvevisTanave. Tu isini sas­
tik winaaRmdegobas xedaven TavianT msvlelobaSi.
saSiSroeba, moqalaqeno, TviT CvenSia. Tu istoria ganmeorda,
Cvenda saubedurod, Tu kidev eqmna amier-kavkasias istoriaSi adgili
im fakts, romelsac, samwuxarod, hqonda adgili erTi wlis wineT, Tu
kidev Cven Soris daiwyo laparaki neitralobaze da imaze, rom Cven am
SemTxvevaSi ar vebrZviT saerTo mters _ ai, moqalaqeno, aq aris xifa­
Ti, aq aris saSiSroeba... (maWavariani: Ralatia!).
magram, Cven gvrwams, moqalaqeno, rom mware gamocdileba, romel­
ic mogvca SarSandelma istoriam, Wkuas aswavlis yvelas da Tu sid­
iade dRevandel momentis ver Seigno pasuxis mgebelma jgufma zogi­
erT amier-kavkasiis xalxisa, _ dee istoriis winaSe maT agon pasuxi,
dee yvelam dainaxos vin mouwodebs amier-kavkasiis erebs solidarul
brZolisaken da saerTo saqmis gakeTebisaken.
Cven moqalaqeno, jer kidev ar gvaqvs imis sabuTebi, rom Tqvens wi­
naSe ganvacxadoT, rom es erTianoba Cven Soris ar aris. Cven mxolod
samwuxaro dRevandel drosTvis eWvs gamovTqvavT da imedi gvaqvs,
rom es eWvi ar gamarTldeba.
magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, es unda ganvacxado aq, Tqven winaSe,
rom Tu am brZolaSi saqarTvelo da azerbeijani martod darCnen, _
mainc gamarjveba Cvensken aris! (taSi).
radganac Cven vicavT wminda saqmes, radganac Cven vemsaxurebiT
diad mizans, Cven vicavT Tavisuflebas patara erebisa. Tu yvela Cven­

52
gani gaimsWvaleba am azriT, Tu yvela Cvengani SesZlebs Tavis wvlili
Seitanos am diadi saqmis samsaxurSi, Cven varT darwmunebuli, rom
gamarjveba am ukanasknel SebrZolebaSi Cven karebze iqneba. amnairad,
moqalaqeno, me minda Cemi mokle gancxadeba davamTavro SemdegiT:
Tqven xedavT, rom momenti marTlac friad sapasuxismgebloa, Tqven
xedavT, rom ruseTis reaqcia cdilobs laxvari Casces amier-kavkasias
da kerZoT saqarTvelos.
Tqven xedavT, rom am SemTxvevaSi gansacdeli, romelic dRes Cvens
winaSe sdgas TiTqmis bevrad uaresia im gansacdelisa, romelic Cven
erTi wlis ukan gamoviareT.
Tqven iciT, rom denikinis aq Semosvla es iqneboda mTeli Cveni
eris fizikurad ganadgureba (xma: marTalia!) Tqven iciT, rom deni­
kini aq Semodis ara rogorc dampyrobeli Zala, aramed rogorc Su­
ris mZiebeli da is sastik Surs iZiebs. magram, Cveni xalxi, raSiac Cven
eWvi ar gvaqvs, sxva erebTan erTad Semokrebs Tavis Zalas Tavis nacadi
droSis irgvliv, Cven Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom denikini da misi
laSqari amier-kavkasiis sazRvrebs ver ixilavs da saqarTvelos res­
publika maRla aafrialebs Tavisuflebis da Tavis saxelmwifoebriv
droSas! (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs.

samxedro ministris noe b. ramiSvilis sityva

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!

dRes, roca Cven samSoblos uaxlovdeba Savi Rrublebi Savi Crdi­
loeTidan, _ Cven sruli imediT SevyurebT momavals. da es Cveni imedi
dafuZnebulia or uryevel da yvelasTvis cxad mosazrebazed.
upirveles yovlisa saqarTvelos xalxi, saqarTvelos demokra­
tia gamowrTobilia revoliucionur brZolaSi da mas Tavisi wiTeli
droSa arasodes, TviT Savbnel reaqciis xanaSi ar dauxria. Tu ro­
melime kuTxes ruseTis yofil imperiisas aqvs sruli ufleba sTqvas,
rom is idga mefis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg mebrZolTa pirvel banakSi, _
es SeuZlia sTqvas saqarTvelos demokratiam. da am demokratias, rom­
lis istoria, revoliucionuri brZolis istoria exla ar dawyobila,
mas sul cota oci-ocda xuTi wlis istoria aqvs, mas SeuZlia Tamamad
sTqvas, rom is Tavisuflebas arasodes ar dasTmobs. Cven movipoveT Ta­
visufleba, ganvamtkiceT batonoba revoliucionur demokratiisa da
es im dros, roca im Sav CrdiloeTSi, saidanac Savi Rrublebi gamoCn­
da, gabatonebulia Savi reaqciis batonoba da aRvir waxsnili anarqia,
romelic uaryofaa yovel nair Tavisuflebisa. da Cveni demokratia,
icis ra man, rom am Sav CrdiloeTs moaqvs reaqciis susxiani dReebi, is
Tavis poziciebs arasodes ar dasTmobs.
Semdegi mosazreba, rasac Cven vemyarebiT mdgomareobs SemdegSi:

53
 Cveni saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika aravis emuqrebo­
da. is Tavis mezoblebis winaaRmdeg arasodes ar awarmoebda agre­
siul politikas, mas arasodes ar surda sxvisTvis risame warTme­
va. samagieroT roca mis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebodnen, roca surdaT,
Cveni saxl-karis awiokeba, roca emuqrebodnen Cven Tavisuflebas,
emuqrebodnen Cven damoukideblobas, maSin mudam, ara erTxel, aramed
mravaljer gaerTianebuli SekavSirebuli is gamodioda brZolis
velze, medgrad da gadaWriT icavda Tavis Tavisuflebas, da am Tavis
tradicias, tradicias ara mxolod revoliucionur demokratiisa,
aramed tradicias Cven mama-papaTa saqarTvelos demokratia arasodes
ar uRlatebs.
magram Tqven iciT vin gvemuqreba Cven? es aris denikinis Savi
laSqari, da swored is, riTac Zlieri varT Cven, swored amas savsebiT
moklebulia is Zala, romlis droSaze dawerilia _ gaerTianebuli
reaqcionuri ruseTi! im laSqris winaaRmdeg, im droSis winaaRmdeg,
romelsac afrialebs es Savi laSari, im droSis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebs
TviT is xalxi, romelzedac dRes gabatonebulia es generali, da misi
Savi laSqari, romelic Cven winaaRmdeg moiltvis. da es ar aris lito­
ni fraza. Tqven gaxsovT moqalaqeno, is dReebi, romlebic win uswrebd­
nen Cven mier gagris olqis dapyrobas. Cven viciT, rom soWis olqSi, man
isargebla im garemoebiT, rom, is fronti TiTqmis savsebiT gatitvle­
buli iyo Cven mier da amitom man SesZlo am adgilebis dakaveba. Tqven
iciT, rom soWis olqSi TviT xalxi ajanyda denikinis winaaRmdeg, da
ajanyda swored imitom, rom mas moaqvs mospoba Tavisuflebisa, dab­
runeba reaqciisa, SeCereba revoliucionur Semoqmedebisa da amas ki,
is xalxi, romelmac igema revoliuciis tkbili dReebi, rasakvirvelia,
ar Seurigdeba. Cven sruli imedi gvaqvs, rom is, rac moxda erT adgi­
las, es Zalauneburad dRes, Tu xval _ unda ganmeordes im adgilebSi,
romelSiac ara imdenad ZaliT, ramdenad motyuebiT, da gabatonebul
wreebis RalatiT daikava denikinma. Cven vfiqrobT, rom Tavisufali
mTac, da mTielebi, rom maT moindomon denikinTan SebrZoleba _ ver
Seurigdebian am Sav reaqcias, romelic moaqvs denikinis razmebs da
amitom am mosazrebiT, misi mdgomareoba yovelTvis metis metaT Zne­
li iqneba. meores mxriv, Tqven iciT, rom is razmi, romelsac meTau­
robs mefis generali, es razmi emuqreba Tavisufal qveynebs. is mudam
miznad isaxavs mezoblebis awiokebas, maT saxl-karis aoxrebas. Tqven
iciT, rom mudam, da es ara dRes, mudam ese yofila istoriaSi, rom yve­
la aseT pirobebSi momxduri, gacilebiT ufro uares mdgomareobaSi
sdgeba, vinem imyofeba is, vinc icavs Tavis sazRvrebs, Tavis saxl-kars,
da Tavis qveynis Tavisuflebas. da Tu aseTi aris denikinis mdgomareo­
ba _ ibadeba sakiTxi _ vis emyareba es TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli
reaqciisa? emyareba Tu ara marTladac im Zalas, romlis Sesaxeb mas
SeuZlian sTqvas, rom is aris Tavdebi advili gamarjvebisa, Tu is emsax­
ureba sxva rames? da yvela iman, visac hqonia saqme denikinis jarTan, da

54
im ZalebTan, romelic mas Tan axlavs, _ yvela iman ician, rom emyareba
ara am Tavis Zalas, vinaidgan, jari moklebulia Segnebas, rom is icavs
saqmes samarTlisas, ibrZvis TavisuflebisTvis, _ mas verasodes ver
eqneba sruli imedi gamarjvebisa. is emyareba mxolod erTad-erT rames
_ es aris imedi Cveni sulier gatexisa. is fiqrobs, rom im pirobebSi,
romelSiac imyofeba es Savi warmomadgeneli Sav-bnel reaqciisa, mas
gamarjvebas moumzadebs, mxolod erTad-erTi ram: es aris, Cven res­
publikaSi, an Cven mezobelTa Soris anarqiis gamowveva, Seqmna iseTi
pirobebisa, riTac Cven Soris dairRveva sulieri mTlianoba, Seiqneba
iseTi pirobebi, roca erTi kuTxe daetakeba meores, an erTi jgufi meo­
res; da aseTi jgufi denikins aq hyavs, ara erTi, da ori. is imedovnebs,
es jgufebi aumxedrdebian Cven mTavrobas. isargebleben am arev-dare­
viT, swored Signidan gastexen am cixes, Tavisufal damoukidebel
saqarTvelos cixes, magram me mgonia, da Tamamad SemiZlia vTqva, rom am
SemTxvevaSiac misi imedi sruliad uniadagoa, da am SemTxevaSiac savse­
biT sruli imediT SevyuroT Cven momavals. da es imitom, moqalaqeno,
damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, rom aq dRes ismis sakiTxi ara romelime
ganapira kuTxis Sesaxeb, _ aramed dasmulia sakiTxi amier-kavkasiis re­
spublikaTa mospobis Sesaxeb. Tqven iciT, Tqven moismineT aq, mTavro­
bis wevris gancxadeba, rom is, rasac miznad isaxavs denikini, Semdeg or
sityvaSi gamoixateba: saqarTvelos damoukideblobis da mis Tavisu­
flebis sruliad gaqarwyleba; vinaidan misi warmomadgeneli CvenTan
molaparakebis dros pirdapir ambobs Tvqen miiRebT TviTmmarTvelo­
bas denikinis xelidano. (mgelaZe: ver moeswrobian magas!)
me vfiqrob, Tqven iciT, rom kiTxva swored ese aris dasmuli. am
Setevis mizani aris es.
SeiZleba bevri fiqrobdes, yovel SemTxvevaSi isini, vinc Cveni
mowinaaRmdegeni arian, isini fiqroben: Tqven TviTon SehqmeniT es md­
gomareoba, roca ganapira kuTxebis gamo, unda moaxdinoT didi Setake­
ba, rogorc isini fiqroben: Tqven TviTon SehqmeniT es mdgomareoba,
roca ganapira kuTxebis gamo, unda moaxdinoT didi Setakeba, rogorc
isini fiqroben _ didi ruseTis, da patara kavkasiis, patara erTa So­
ris. es mtknari sicrue aris. kidev vimeoreb, es sakiTxi exeba ara ga­
napira olqs, ara ama Tu im sasazRvro konflikts, aramed aq dasmulia
sakiTxi, Cveni yofna _ ar yofnis Sesaxeb, Tavisufal, damoukidebel
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.
da roca aseTi aris mdgomareoba, Tavis Tavad aSkara iyo da Tan
bunebrivi, rom ase swored Sehxedes saqmes Cvenma mezoblebma. miuxe­
davad imisa, rom mTielTa mTavroba daeca, Tavisufali mTa denikinis
batonobas ar Seurigdeba da roca dadgeba sakiTxi CvenTan SeerTebi­
sa, Tavisufali mTa CvenTan erTad iqneba da SeebrZoleba denikinis
laSqrobas (taSi).
Tqven moismineT gancxadeba mTavrobis warmomadgenelisa, Tu ra
gzas daadga Cveni mezobeli respublika-azerbeijani.

55
 (kedia: Tqven somxeTze gviTxariT, mis dRevandel viTarebaze!)
Tqven moismineT gancxadeba azerbeijanis Sesaxeb da, me unda vTq­
va, rom im pirobebSi, romelSiac imyofeba, rogorc saqarTvelo,
agreTve azerbeijani, sruliad bunebrivi da aucilebeli aris, is
gadawyvetileba, romelsac daadga azerbeijanis parlamenti da misi
ndobiT aRWurvili mTavroba. maT miiRes is saWiro zomebi, romelic
aucilebelia Tavis sazRvrebis dasacavad.
mravali usabuTo xma vrceldeba. me mogaxsenebT, rom am xmebis, am
agitaciis mizani, aris erTad erTi ram _ Cveni sulieri gatexa, Cveni,
razmebis dafuSva, da maTi aq Tavis gamarjvebis gaadvileba. deniki­
nis Savi laSqrebis waxaliseba, da maTTvis xelis Sewyoba. magram, me,
mTavrobis saxeliT vacxadeb, Cven miRebuli gvaqvs yvela is zomebi,
romelic aucilebeli aris, Cveni sazRvrebis uzrunvelsayofad, ga­
reSe mtris Semosevisagan. Cven sruli imedi gvaqvs, rom im pirobebSi,
romelSiac imyofeba Cveni qveyana, im saerTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi,
romelic am Jamad Seqmnili aris, yvelaferi damokidebuli aris imaze,
Tu rogor moiqceva Cveni xalxi, Cveni xalxis Svilebi, Cveni saxelo­
vani jari da Cveni saxelovani revoliucionuri gvardia.
da me sruli uflebiT vacxadeb, rom is samxedro Zala, romelic
mowodebuli aris Cveni Tavisuflebis, damoukideblobis dasacavaT,
is Seasrulebs Tavis movaleobas, Cven ganzraxuli gvaqvs, rom, im
mdgomareobaSi, romelic Seiqmna, Cven Zala-uneburad, aucileblad
mogvixdeba im Cven mezobelTan erTad svla, romlebic dganan Cven
Tvalsazrisze, da rom es mezobel respublikis samxedro Zala erT
mizniT gamsWvalulni arian. es mizani aris _ Tavisuflebis, da da­
moukideblobis dacva. da isini savsebiT gaamarTleben xalxis imeds,
da kerZod Cveni saxelovani jari, gamocdili mraval brZolaSi da
omSi, romelic Cven Tavs mogvaxvies im mezoblebma, da im mowinaaRm­
dege jgufebma, romlebic cdilobdnen Cvens teritoriis farglebSi
arev-darevis gamowvevas, da agreTve revoliucionur brZolaSi ga­
mowrTobili, revoliucionuri gvardia _ isini SesZleben Cveni saz­
Rvrebis dacvas, da dacvas Tavisufal, damoukidebel saqarTvelo­
sas, romelic erTi welia, rac arsebobs, da romelmac, am erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi, savsebiT daamtkica, rom Cven xalxs, da mis sakanonmde­
blo krebas, sruli ufleba aqvs sTqvas, rom isini Rirsni arian am
Tavisuflebis da damoukideblobis. me vambob, saxelovani jari da
revoliucionuri gvardia Seasruleben Tavis movaleobas, daicaven
Cvens damoukideblobas, da ukuaqceven im Sav-bnel reaqciis Sav war­
momadgenels, Tu isini Seecdebian Cvens sazRvrebis gadmolaxvas, da
Cven Tavisuflebis winaaRmdeg xmals aiReben. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Salva mesxiSvils.

56
 Salva aleqsi-mesxiSvilis sityva.
(s. f.)

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! kidev erTi safrTxe mo­

evlina Cvens demokratiul respublikas. CrdiloeTiT gvemuqreba
istoriuli dauZinebeli mteri _ ruseTis Sav-bneli reaqcia. yvela
cotad mainc gamWriax politikur moRvawisaTvis naTelia, rom es sa­
frTxe axali ar aris!. kargad unda vicodeT, rom ruseTis reaqcionu­
ri wreebi verasodes ver Seurigdebian patara erebis Tavisuflebas,
gansakuTrebiT ki qarTveli erisas, romelmac Seqmna Tavis sazRvrebSi
wminda xalxuri, namdvili demokratiuli respublika. amiT aixsneba is
gamolaSqreba, romelsac denikini lamobda ukve didi xania da ramden­
jerme hqonda survili ganexorcielebina is, riTac dRes gvemuqreba.
vinc daukvirdeba ukanasknel dros momxdar denikinis warmomadgene­
lis mTavrobasTan molaparakebas, aSkarad dainaxavs, rom kiTxva aris
ara mdinare mexadiris da im patara miwis naWris Sesaxeb, romelic mar­
Talia Cvens udavo teritorias Seadgens da ris Sesaxebac morigeba
SeiZleboda. ara. denikinis miswrafeba da survilia: mospos damou­
kidebeli saqarTvelo. me mets vityvi _ gaanadguros fizikuraT qarT­
veli eri da SurismaZieblad dabanakdes saqarTvelos deda qalaqSi.
es aris mis mizani, rac arasdros ar unda dagvaviwydes, radganac im
miznis gaTvaliswinebaze damokidebulia is zomebi, romelic unda mi­
viRoT. ramdenaTac sakiTxi ase sdgas CemTvis rogorc qarTvelisaTvis,
demokratisTvis da socialistisTvis amisTana momentSi ar arsebobs
ori gza, aris mxolod erTi: an Tavisufleba an sikvdili (mxurvale
taSi) swored am Tavisuflebisaken mogviwoda dRes mTavrobam amisaT­
vis, Cemis Rrma rwmeniT, mTeli qarTveli eri ganurCevlad wodebisa
da partiis rogorc erTi kaci fexzed unda dadges.
moqalaqeno! denikinma da misma damqaSebma albad kargad ician,
rom reputacia CvenSi mainc da mainc maRal doneze ara sdgas da maT
moindomes moetyuebinaT qarTveli eri, SecdomaSi SeeyvanaT mTavro­
ba mxolod imiTi, rom Tavis mociqulad ucxo qveynis mundirSi gax­
veuli generali gamogzavnes. magram angariSi SeeSalaT, patara erebi
da gansakuTrebiT qarTvelebi kargad icnoben denikins. veraviTari
inglisis mundirSi gaxveuli generali reaqciis Savbnel yorans mSvi­
dobianobis mtredad ver aqcevs.
aseTia moqalaqeno mdgomareoba. me mgonia, rom zedmet sityvebs
aq adgili ar unda hqondes, faqti yvelasaTvis aSkaraa. politikuri
mdgomareoba, misi ganmarteba CvenSi sxvadasxvaobas ar iwvevs.
sakiTxi mxlod imaSia, rogor unda vimoqmedoT Cven. upirvelesad
yovlisa saWiroa gavaerTianoT Sinauri fronti. mTeli qarTveli eri
miuxedavad wodebisa da partiul rwmenisa mzaT unda daxvdes mters
damoukidebel samSoblos dasacavad. da me maqvs pativi saqarTvelos

57
socialist-federalistTa partiis saxeliT gamovacxado, rom Cveni
partia ukanasknel kacamdis mxarSi amoudgeba demokratiul mTavro­
bas im brZolaSi, romelic moelis samSoblos reaqciis Zalebisagan
(mxurvale taSi).
marto es ara kmara. roca vlaparakobT mtris frontzed daxve­
drazed unda vicodeT, rom Znelia frontze brZola maSin, roca zur­
gi sustia. amas unda mieqces gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. me movismine
samxedro inistris b-n ramiSvilis gancxadeba, rom mas miRebuli aqvs
frontze dasaxvedrad saTanado zomebi. me movelodi b-n ramiSvilisa­
gan, rogorc Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisagan aseTive gancxadebas _ miRe­
buli aqvs Tu ara zomebi, rom Cveni zurgi uzrunvelyofili iyos? me
vamtkiceb, rom aseT gasaWiris dros, roca denikini Cvens sazRvrebs
mosdgomia da oms gvicxadebs, Cven dedaqalaqSi, Cvens gulSi denikinis
agentebi dResac Tavisuflad daTareSoben. me maqvs cnobebi, rom zo­
gierTi TvalsaCino denikinis momxreni msaxureben Cvens dawesebule­
baSi imisTana adgilebzed (ar ismis) (xma: arian!) rom maT SeuZlianT
mtrisaTvis didi samsaxuris gaweva. me vici, rom TbilisSi aris ra­
modenime centri, maT Soris eklesiebi da saboro, sadac yovel dRe
da Rame aSkara agitacias ewevian da momxreebs razmaven saqarTvelos
winaaRmdeg (kedia: marTalia!) Tu es movlenani exlave ar iqna mospo­
bili, uZluria samxedro fronti _ Cveni saxelovani jari da gmiruli
saxalxo gvardia veras gaxdebian. amisTana momentSi araviTar senti­
mentalizms adgili ar unda hqondes. me moviTxov, rom Sesaferi zome­
bi mkacrad iyos gatarebuli cxovrebaSi. Tu brZolas gvicxadeben da
ganadgurebas gvimzadeben zomebic loRikurad unda gamomdinareob­
des mdgomareobidan.
moqalaqeno! samSoblos gansacdelisagan dasaxsnelad saWiroa
mtkice nebisyofa mTeli eris gamarjvebisaTvis. es Cvena gvaqvs da me
RrmaTa var darwmunebuli rom denikinis Savbneli yornebi brZolaSi
aRzrdil saqarTvelos demokratias da damoukidebel saqarTvelos
respublikas verafers daakleben. (mxurvale taSi).
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanags.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagis p. WiWinaZis sityva.

moqalaqeno! aq iyo gancxadebuli oratorisgan, rom TiTqos mTav­

roba ar Rebulobdes zomebs im pirTa winaaRmdeg, vinc aq TareSobs,
ese igi winaaRmdeg denikinis agentebisa, romelnic aq Cven erTnair sa­
SiSroebas da safrTxes gvimzadeben. amis Sesaxeb me unda mogaxsenoT,
rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, rogorc exla, ise winad da SemdegSi­
ac Tvalyurs adevnebs imaTac da sxvebsac da arasodes ar uSvebs iseT
wuTs, rom maT mieceT raime saSualeba Cven Signidan gamogviTxaron
Ziri da raime ziani mogvayenon. magram amave dros unda mogaxsenoT, ar

58
unda avyveT gulis kveTebas, TiTqos vismesi SegveSinda da marjvniv da
marcxniv vtacebT xels bralians da ubralos, TiTqos viZiebT Surs.
aq mosalodnelia ara sasurveli Secdomebi, amitomac yvela
SemTxvevaSi unda viqonioT marjved Tvali da Tvalyuri unda vadev­
noT, magram ar unda davemgzavsoT im SeSinebul adamians, romelsac
yovelmxriv da suyvelgan raRaca saSiSroeba elandeba. Cven aSkarad
vacxadebT aq rom aseT SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT Sesafer zomebs. mag­
aliTad guSin iyo, rom ori gazeTi, romelTac moindomes rom aq dae­
badaT erTgvari panika _ davxureT, (kedia: aSxatovors dResac rkinis
gzaze hyidian) ukacravaT, moiTmineT, me somxuri ar vici da ar vici iq
ras sweren. (gvazava adgilidan: unda icodeT, ris ministri xarT, Tu
ar iciT!).
aq sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia xmebi, TiTqos aq aris egreT
wodebuli dasaxiCrebulTa meomrebis kavSiri rusebisa, romelSiac
arian denikinis agentebi. Cven amis Sesaxeb davniSneT specialuri re­
vizia, es revizia damTavrebulia ukve, me maqvs xelSi swored am ga­
momZiebelis moxseneba. (maWavariani: ra dros revizia-komisiebi aris!)
es moxda, sanam es ambavi daiwyeboda. me amiT xazi unda gausva im mdgo­
mareobas, rom am mxriv swarmoebs muSaoba da saministro mudam dara­
jad udgas saxelmwifos interess da yovel Rones Rebulobs mis dasa­
cavad.
magram es xmebi, romelic gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli iyo, ar
gamarTlda, Cven yovel mxriv movaxdineT am saqmis gamoZieba. miuxeda­
vad amisa Cven mainc aqac da sxvaganac Tvali gviWiravs. meores mxriv
unda iTqvas is, rom ar Segvferis vatusaRoT da xeli mousvaT yvela
maT, vinc rom eklesiaSi daiareba, an imitom, rom sadRac raRacas
laparakoben: es ar SeiZleba. Tqven damSvidebuli unda iyoT, vinaidan
am mxriv zomebi aris miRebuli da SemdegSic miRebuli iqneba. SesaZle­
belia, Cven iseTi formiT mowyobili agentura ar gvyavdes, rogorc
sxvagan aris... (xma: ratom ara?) rogorc iyo, magaliTad winad ruseT­
Si, magram aseT dros, moqalaqeno, yvelas valdebulobaa, Tu marTlac
amCnevT raimes _ acnoboT mTavrobas. Cven arasodes sibraziT ar movq­
ceulvarT da arc moviqceviT. magram amis sabuTebi Cven jerjerobiT
ar gvaqvs. amitomac gavimsWvaloT am seriozul momentiT da nuraso­
des nu davemzgavsebiT im adamianebs, romelTac SiSi ukve ugrZvniaT
da yvelas ise uyureben, TiTos didi mteri iyos. Cven kategoriulad
vacxadebT, rom ar aris am mxriv saSiSroeba: Cven vRebulobT zomebs
da kidevac miviRebT. amitom damfuZnebel krebam da mTelma saqarTve­
lom am mxriv damSvidebiT unda Sehyuros momavals.
mxolod xalxi, romelsac imedi aqvs Tavis Tavisa Se­irCens Tavisu­
flebas da damoukideblobas. Cven SigniT ar mivscemT nebas, vinc unda
iyos is rusi, Tu sxva, _ moaxdinos amboxeba da dagvces laxvari. sanam­
dis isini amas moaxdendnen, manamdi aq maTi natamalic ar iqneba.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.

59
 ivane gobeCias sityva.
(s. r.)

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!

Tavisufal saqarTvelos, mis revoliucionur demokratias kvlav
dasCxavian Tavs Savi yornebi. Tavisuflebis mesaflaveni ver Serige­
bian Cvens da Cveni mezoblebis damoukideblobas da cecxliTa da max­
viliT lamoben Cvens damorCilebas, Cvens damonavebas.
amier-kavkasiis sazRvrebs ukve mouaxlovda moxaliseTa reaqcio­
nuri jari da emuqreba amier-kavkasiis damoukidebel respublikaTa
arsebobas. ra uflebiT moiwevs Cvensken bneleTis msaxuri, yofili
mefis Zveli Savrazmeli generali? vin daavala? vin Caagona mas Tav­
isi binZuri fexebiT gasTelos Cveni da Cveni mezobel saxelmwifoTa
Tavisufleba, romelic mogvaniWa Cven ruseTis didma revoliuciam?
ruseTis xalxma auarebeli msxverplo miitana Tavisuflebis samsx­
verploze. man xangrZlivi, ganuwyveteli revoliucionuri brZoliT
moipova Tavisufleba, magram am brZolaSi ruseTis xalxi marto ar
iyo. Cveni mSromeli xalxi mudam pirvel rigSi ibrZoda masTan erTad
TavisuflebisaTvis da Tavis mravlaT daRvril sisxliT man mtkice
saZirkveli Cauyara Cvens damoukideblobas. ruseTis revoliuci­
is diad lozungTa Soris erTi udidesi da uwmindesi lozungi iyo
_ erTa TviTgamorkvevis ufleba. am lozungis mixedviT Cvenma xalxma
erTxmaT aRiara Tavis suverenuli uflebebi Tavis teritoriaze, man
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamoacxada da mas amis uflebac hqon­
da. am uflebis wyaro iyo ruseTis revoliucia, romelic moaxdina
revoliucionur xalxma da ara kontr-revoliucionur generlebma, da
Tu exla Cvens damoukideblobas emuqrebian reaqcionuri generlebi
TavianT Savrazmuli bandebiT, isini amiT TviT ruseTis revoliucias
da ruseTis xalxs ebrZvian. maSasadame kontr-revoliucia ibrZvis
revoliuciis winaaRmdeg da am brZolidan gamarjvebuli verasodes
ver gamova is mxare, romelic mowadinebulia mSromelTa masis monoba­
ze aagos Tavis bedniereba.
marTlac, vin arian an da ras warmoadgens is Zala, romelic
amierkavka­siis sazRvrebs moawyda? es aris erTi muWa xalxi, romel­
sac denikin-kolCakis bandebi ewodeba, isini wineT verc gabedavdnen
sabrZolvelad gamosvlas da verasodes ver amoZvrebodnen im soroe­
bidan, sadac revoliuciis pirvel xanebSi maT mouxdaT binadroba, ma­
gram mas Semdeg rac erTi mTliani revoliuciuri fronti dairRva,
mas Semdeg, rac socialistTa sakuTar banakSi samoqalaqo omi daiwyo,
denikin-kolCakmac Tavi wamoyves da zogierT egred wodebul „ganaT­
lebul da demokratiul“ qveynebidan daxmarebac ki miiRes. Cven vic­
iT, rom yofil ruseTis imperiis teritoriaze ar moipoveba arc erTi
kuTxe, sadac xalxi, massa denikins TanaugrZnobdes. denikinebs arsad

60
ruseTSi niadagi ara aqvs, magram maTTvis am niadags xelovnuraT qm­
nian sxva qveynis reaqcionuri Zalebi. evropis saxelmwifoTa mSrome­
li demokratiebi gaigeben, Tu vis exmarebian ruseTSi maTi imperial­
isturi mTavrobebi da Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom isini dagmoben
TavianT mTavrobaTa ruseTis reaqciasTan Zmur kavSirs. es dro, es
dRe moaxloebulia, is Cqara dadgeba da maSin denikin-kolCakebi ar­
amc Tu brZolis gagrZelebas SesZleben, aramed sruliad ukvaloT
gaqrebian ruseTis cxovrebidan. magram, rogorc ityvian, sanam petre
movida, pavles tyavi gaaZvreso da amitom Cven mainc mzaT unda viyoT
brZolisaTvis.
Cven sastiki, daundobeli brZola unda vawarmovoT denikinis wi­
naaRmdeg da am brZolaSi CvenTan iqneba yvela is, vinc revoliuciis
mxarezea, vinc Tavisuflebis momxrea, vinc ebrZvis kontr-revoliu­
cias da reaqcias. amitom exla yvela WeSmaritad revoliucionur Za­
lebis mobilizacia aucilebelia da, Tu gvsurs Tavisufleba Sevinar­
CunoT, revoliucionuri fronti unda gaerTiandes. (kedia: sxvebma
raRa hqnan!) am SemTxvevaSi revoliucionur demokratias yvela unda
amoudges gverdSi da masTan erTad ibrZolos, radgan yvelasaTvis
erTnairaT Zvirfasi unda iyos saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. marTa­
lia, Cven ar migviRia ucxo qveynidan arc tankebi, arc zarbaznebi, arc
fuli, denikinma ki es yvelaferi miiRo, magram Cven SegvrCa uZliere­
si iaraRi sabrZolvelaT: es aris Tavisuflebisadmi usazRvro siy­
varuli da misdami erTguleba. es is iaraRia, is Zalaa, romelic ad­
vilad CaaCumebs mtris zarbaznebs da tankebs. es is Zalaa, romelsac
sruliad moklebulia denikini da misi Savrazmeli bandebi. da Tu Cve­
ni xalxi savsebiT Seignebs qveynis mdgomareobas, Tu is ar moisurvebs
Tavis nebiT, sakuTari xelebiT Tavis monobis borkilebis gamoWed­
vas, is usaTuod sulerTianaT gamova sabrZolvelaT. erTsulovani
gamosvla-ki mtris winaaRmdeg momavali gamarjvebis Tavdebi iqneba.
denikini an unda davamarcxoT, an da saqarTvelodan sulerTianad avi­
yaroT da sadme Sors gadavsaxldeT. denikinis gamarjveba saqarTve­
loSi iqneba Cveni xalxis fizikuri ganadgureba. gamosavali ar aris:
an gamarjveba da Tavisufali sicocxle, an da droebiTi samarcxvino
sicocxle da neli sikvdili.
Cven-ki socialist-revoliucionerebi, am SemTxvevaSi Cvens
revoliucionur movaleobas maSin SevasrulebT, Tu xalxs brZoli­
saken movuwodebT, da amitom Cven am tribunidan xma maRla SevsZax­
ebT saqarTvelos demokratias: „sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa sikvdili
saxelovani!“ (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

61
 raJden arseniZis sityva
(s.d.).

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!

Cveni dRevandeli krebis sagania denikinis Semoseva. magram es xom
axali ambavi ar aris. denikini guSin ar Semosevia Cvens qveyanas, Cvens
demokratias, guSin ar dawyebula misgan dapyroba, daCagvra, damone­
ba patara erebisa, ganapira qveynebisa, romlis ubedurebaze surs da
hgonia, rom aagebs did da Zvel ruseTis bednierebas, im ruseTisas,
romelic TviT ruseTis xalxma da demokratiam pirqve daamxo, da ro­
melsac TviT es demokratia usastikes mtrad udga dRes.
es naSTi Zveli ruseTisa, es aSmorebuli naSTi im didi gubisa, ro­
melic jer kidev ver damSrala TviT ruseTis veeberTela sivrceze,
da exla kavkasionis qeds moadga. es aSmorebuli gube ar warmoadgens
arc saxelmwifos, arc raime aseT organiul erTeuls, es aris moxe­
tiale brbo gamoyril da dabneulTa, esaa oficrebisa da generalTa
laSqari, romelTac erTi mizani aqvT: rogorc kalia, ise moedos mx­
ares, mostvlipos yvelaferi, gaswmindos, gaanadguros da Semdeg axal
napirebisaken gaswios. maT ar SeuZliaT arc dapyroba, arc saxelmwi­
fos ageba, maT SeuZiaT mxolod erTi ram: _ Tavis borotebis gesliT
daangrion, gaanadguron yovelive, sadac ki maTi fexi miswvdeba. ai
mxolod am mxriv aris saxifaTo da saSiSi denikinis laSqari, mxolod
es erTad-erTi Sedegia, romelic SeiZleba mohyves maT Semosevas da es
aris mxedvelobaSi misaRebi.
saqarTvelos respublikas denikinis laSqari ver gaauqmebs, saqa­
rTvelos demokratia icocxlebs da iarsebebs, saqarTvelos damou­
kidebloba momavalSiac iseTive xelSeuxebeli darCeba, rogorc am
wlis ganmavlobaSi, da es TeTri giorgi arc exla ganicdis damarcx­
ebas. magram Cven mogvelis brZola, brZola sastiki da xangrZlivi. es
brZola didi xnidan daiwyo da SeiZleba didxans gagrZeldes. dRes
mxolod erTi mwvave momenti aris am brZolisa, Torem Tqven gex­
somebaT, moqalaqeno, rom am erTi Tvis winad Cven aq vambobdiT imav
brZolaze denikinTan, vambobdiT, rom es brZola aucilebelia. mis
Semdeg mxolod intervali iyo jaris dasvenebisa frontze, da dRes
mosalodnelia ganaxleba sisxlis Rvrisa. es brZola idumalis saxiT
Tu aSkarad mudam swarmoebda, vinaidan amboxebul brbos moxalise­
Ta razmisa ar SeuZlia cxovreba da arseboba gareSe sisxlis Rvrisa
da sadac is sdgas, iq aris omi da sisxlis Rvra. ai dRes, rodesac am
laSqars imedi aqvsT mopovebul fulisa da iaraRisa, igi fiqrobs ara
ruseTis aRdgenaze, aramed _ imis saxeliT patara qveynebis damor­
Cilebaze. mas hgonia, rom Tu is ver gauZlebs didi ruseTis auarebel
xalxs, romelsac ejavreba denikinis saxelic ki, samagierod daCagravs
mainc patara saqarTvelos. ai erTad-erTi azri da mizani misi aqeTken
gamolaSqrebisa. mas imedi aqvs, rom aq, amier-kavkasiaSi, saqarTvelos

62
SigniT da mis mezobel saxelmwifoebSi iqmneba ganxeTqileba, Sinau­
ri mtroba da nacionalur SuRli, isini amiT isargebleben da Cvenze
gabatondebian. magram me Tamamad SemiZlia vsTqva am tribunidan, me
mgonia damerwmunebiT, rom saqarTvelos respublikaSi ar moiZebneba
iseTi moRalate, romelic denikins xels gauwvdens (xma. marTalia!),
saqarTveloSi ar moiZebneba arc erTi adamiani, romelmac mis mtrebis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi sisxli ar daRvaros. me vambob sruli rwmeniT
da imediT, rom saqarTvelos respublika, rogorc sali klde, ise
daudgeba Tavis damoukideblobas, da ibrZolebs ukanasknel sisxlis
wveTamde denikinis razmis winaaRmdeg. Cven gareSe gvyavs mezoblebi
da rogorc gviTxres, pirvelia is respublika, romelsac denikinis
razmisagan iseTive safrTxe moelis, da arc gasakvirvelia, rom es re­
spublika pirveli dgeba Cvens gverdiT da CvenTan erTad apirebs am
Zalebis mogerebas. aderbeijanis demokratias, im glexebs da muSebs,
romelTac surT da uyvarT Tavisufleba, maT uZRvnaT salami da maT­
Tan erTad gavwioT win (taSi).
dRes Tavis mTavrobis mier imed gacruebulni mTielni, me Rrmad
mwams, qarTvel xalxTan erTad gasweven denikinis winaaRmdeg. zedme­
tia laparaki imaze, rom baqos muSaTa klasi, is xalxi, romelic Sei­
Zleba bevr rameSi Cven gvedaveba, edaveba Cven respublikas, iseTi
medgari mebrZoli iqneba denikinis winaaRmdeg, rogorc saqarTvelos
saxelovani moqalaqe. me vambob, saerToT yvela eris da tomis gulwr­
feli demokrati, visac swams Tavisufleba, visac uyvars adamianoba da
momavali kacobrioba, is denikinisTvis maxvilis Cacemas pirveli moi­
survebs, is pirveli gadasdgams aseT nabijs. (Rlonti: vaWrebis qvey­
ana raRas izams?) me minda mxolod erTi ram mogaxsenoT, Cven gareSe
kidev aris erTi eri, somxeTis eri, romlis Sesaxeb me unda ganvacxado,
rom denikini Tavis presaSi, Tavis agentebis saSualebiT, aSkarad Ra­
Radebs: „es aris Cveni saTadarigo jario“. me minda mivmarTo aqedan
somxeTis pasuxismgebel wreebs da somxeTis xalxsac _ pirvelebma
aSkarad unda sTqvan, marTla misi saTadarigo jari aris somxeTi, ro­
gorc acxadebs denikini, Tu scruobs sardali CrdiloeTidan movle­
nili? es aris movaleoba somxeTis pasuxismgebel wreebisa; mxolod
somxeTis xalxze me vityodi: demokratia, romelsac demokratiuli
sisxli udis ZarRvebSi, is mTavrobasTan erTad, an imis winaaRmdeg,
mainc iqneba amier-kavkasiis demokratiasTan erTad denikinis winaaRm­
deg. (taSi).
Cven veliT, rom xalxi aseT sabediswero dros, rodesac ismeba
sakiTxi yofna ar yofnisa, fizikur arsebobisa, gadalaxavs yovelg­
var dabrkolebas, gadalaxavs yovelgvar macdurobas da TviT Zlieri
burJuaziis moqnili enac ver gauSrobs im saR instinqts, rom glexi
unda gahyves glexs, muSa muSas, rodesac muSi da glexis mteri modis
Cvens winaaRmdeg. es azri, es martivi idea, ar unda iyos miuRebeli,
rogorc qarTvelebis da aderbeijanis, ise somxeTis mSromel xalx­

63
isTvisac. da Tu aseTia miswrafeba im saerTo Zalebis, romelnic ga­
mogvadgebian Cven denikinis razmebis winaRmdeg, Tu aseTia maTi su­
lieri ganwyobileba da es ganwyobileba, me msurs, rom aqedan moedos
yovel kuTxes amier-kavkasiisa da saqarTvelosi, denikinis laSqari
sruliad uvnebeli iqneba saqarTvelosTvis da saerToT amier-kavkasi­
isTvis. mxolod am siZliereSi Cveni demokratiisa aris mTavari ZarR­
vi, romelic mianiWebs gamarjvebas im TeTr droSas, romelsac Cveni
gvardia yovel brZolaSi miafrialebs. es orive droSa aris mama da
Svili, es aris ori Setyupebuli Zala. erT wyarodan aRmocenebuli da
iseTive Tavzardamcemi iqneba dRes movlenil oficerTa xrovisTvis,
rogorc iyo yvela meamboxeebisTvis da ajanyebulebisTvis. (taSi).
da bolos me movuwodeb yvelas, sazogadoebis yvela wreebs, _
miiRon Sesaferi monawileoba am brZolaSi. sadac xalxi ibrZvis, sad­
ac xalxis sisxli iRvreba, sadac, Rrmad mwams, Cveni saxelovani jari
ukan daxevas sircxvilad miiCnevs, iq sazogadoebis movaleoba didia.
saxelovan jars unda yavdes saxelovani sazogadoeba, romelic mas
ukan udgas da zurgs umagrebs. am sazogadoebas minda mivmarTo da
vsTqva, yovelive msxverpli, romelic ki saWiroa, unda gaiRos sazo­
gadoebam: _ mqonelma Tavis SeZlebiT, ubralo moqalaqem Tavis muSao­
biT, moqmedebiT, daxmarebiT, mTeli sazogadoebis mowyobiT, daka­
vSirebiT, visac ena uWris _ eniT, visac xmali uWris _ xmliT, visac
jibe _ jibiT, yvela es unda iyos dadebuli saqarTvelos respublikis
samsxverploze. rodesac kiTxva midga Cven arsebobaze, Tavisufleba­
ze, me minda movuwodo mTel sazogadoebas, mis yvela wreebs, daivi­
wyon dRevandel dRes is, rac Cven gvansxvavebda. aseT momentSi sxva
azri ar gvaqvs garda imisa, rom Cven SevinarCunoT Cveni qveynis arse­
boba. amitom movuwodebT Cven yvelas Semokrben saxelovan mTavrobas,
Cveni eris beladebis garSemo; _ yvelani sabrZolvelad denikinis da
misi Savi Zalebs winaaRmdeg! (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs spiridon kedias.

spiridon kedias sityva

(er. dem.)

saqarTvelos Svilno! Cveni samSoblos ukvdaveba da brwyinvaleba

aseTis simtkiciT da momxiblaobiT am darbazSi arasodes ar CamoSve­
bula, arasodes misi suli aqa ase ar aRrfTovanebula da ar aRuvsia
netarebiT da ZlierebiT Cveni arseba.
dRevandeli dRe istoriulia am mxriT. igi zeimia samSoblos
ideis gamarjvebisa saqarTvelos axlad dabadebis, misi suliT da xor­
ciT aRdgenis dRea.
am dRes gvmarTebs movigonoT, vinc yvelaze ufro Rmad Caswvda
saqarTvelos suls, arsebas tanjvas da lxins, da vinc eris ucvalebo

64
sulis fskerze napovni margalitebi da gancdili grZnoba Camogvisxa
uWknobi mSvenierebis formaSi. es vime _ ukvdavi SoTaa, romelic gvim­
Reris: „vardi ueklod aravis moukrebiano“.
diaR! saqarTelos Svilno: vardi ueklod aravis mo­ukrebia...
Cven davibruneT Cveni Zvirfasi da sulmdgmeli vardi: aRvadgineT
samSoblos damoukidebloba, piroba misi ukvdavebisa, da am vard­
is mosataceblad Cvens winaaRmdeg mterni aRiZrnen da moiweven. vin
arian es mtrebi? ukve iTqva, vinc arian. es denikinia. iTqva isic, Tu
vin Svelis mas. viciT, rom denikini fulsa da iaraRs inglisis sard­
lobisagan Rebulobs. diaR! es ambavi Cven viciT. am fakts qarTveli
xalxi dResac saTanadod daafasebs am sabediswero Jams da xvalac ar
daiviwyebs, ukve samSvidobos gasuli. (maWavariani: sircxvili!) ma­
gram aq ganmartebaa saWiro. me mwams, rom loid jorjis maRali Sub­
li da misi msoflio politika aq arafer SuaSia. is am saTakilo saqme­
Si ar urevia. Cvenis rwmeniT arc londonis kabinetis, arc parizis
kabinetis da rac, miT umetes, msoflio moqalaqis vilsonis politi­
ka intrigebs da oms ar dauwyebs patara saqarTvelos, imisTvis, rom
man Tavisi damoukidebloba daibruna da dRes am damoukideblobas
medgrad da xarbad icavs. loid jorjis kabineti sasaxelod, ise,
rogorc mTeli inglisisa, Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom yvelaferi
es aq iTiTxneba, rom yovelive es adgilobrivi sardlobis saqmea.
adgilobrivi sardloba, msxverpli gaugebrobis da insinuaciebis,
xels uwyobs denikins avazakur miswrafebaSi, rom waaxrCos patara
gmiri xalxi da gauTaxsiros is RvTiuri da wminda grZnoba, romelic
saxelovnad daucavs saukuneTa sigrZeze. magram es ar moxdeba (taSi).
samarTlis gamarjveba gvafrTovanebs da imeds gvimtkicebs.
axla vikiTxoT, vin dauxvdeba denikins? yvela, visTvisac igi Ta­
vis xmals lesavs: mTa, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani da... mas unda daux­
vdes somxeTic! Cven vicnobT mTas. misi droebiTi damarcxeba denikinis
mier _ nayofi misive mTavrobis muxanaTobis _ mTaze azrs ver Segvacv­
levinebs. saukuneebiT vicnobT Tavisuflebis moyvaruls gautexel
mTas. viciT, rom mTel naxevar saukuneze meti ebrZoda igi ruseTis
imperias da mTel mis jars, ise rom damarcxeba ar unaxavs da suliT ar
dacemula. mTa iqneba Cveni TanamebrZoli denikinis winaaRmdeg. Cvens
mowodebaze igi iaraRiT xelSi aRsdgeba, samSoblos siyvaruliT ga­
naTebuli.
mTavrobis warmomadgenlisagan vcaniT, rom azerbaijani iaraR­
iT Seegeba denikins da CvenTan erTad iomebs. Cven amaSi darwmunebu­
li viyaviT didis xnidan. sinamdvilem molodini gagvimarTla da Cven
es gvaxarebs. azerbaijanis xalxi Rirsia damoukideblobis da pati­
viscemis.
magram aq amave dros araferi Tqmula, Tu ra poziciaze sdgas me­
same respublika, amier-kavkasiis mesame damoukidebeli saxelmwifo
somxeTi.

65
 adgilidan SevekiTxe baton samxedro ministrs, eTqva, Tu somxeTi
ra poziciaze idga, ras apirebda. ministrma gaiRima da pasuxi ar gam­
ca. misi CaCumeba da gaRimeba saukeTeso pasuxia, moqalaqeno, CemTvisac
da TqvenTvisac. sCans, somxeTi da misi mTavroba ganze sdgas! sCans, mas
sasaxelod miaCnia erT bedSi myofi mezoblebi brZolis velze marto
dastovos. Tumca kargad icis, rom maTi damarcxeba, somxeTis dam­
arcxeba aris da maTi damoukideblobis mospoba somxeTis damoukide­
blobis mospobac. etyoba, somxeTs brZola ar surs damoukideblobi­
saTvis; sCans, igi Tavis Rirsad ar miaCniaT. magram Tu bedma ipriana
da damarcxebuli denikini uku vaqcieT, da Cveni damoukidebloba
SevinarCuneT, somxeTi mSvenivrad isargeblebs sxvisi sisxliT da msx­
verpliT ganmtkicebulis damoukideblobiT da kidev Semogvedaveba
Cvens sakuTar teritoriaSi. Tu dRes somxeTs aseTi taqti sasaxelod
miaCnia, vSiSobT sasaxelodac ar CaTvalos da moxerxebuladac ar ic­
nos zurgidan maxvili Cagvces, rodesac mterTan xelCarTuli brZo­
la gveqneba! mTlad ar aris amas uCveulo. valdebulad vracxT Cven
Tavs gavafrTxiloT somxoba amaze xeli aiRos, ragind sasaxelodac
miaCndes igi, Torem saqarTvelo ise ar Cava saflavSi, rom mesaflave
Tan ar Caiyolios (taSi).
mesame: damxduria saqarTvelo. saqarTvelo tradiciuli Rirse­
biT Sexvda am moments. saqarTvelo mTeli kavkasiis gulia, misi poli­
tikuri, kulturuli da topografiuli guli. am saqarTvelos dRe­
vandelma garemoebam axali movaleoba daakisra, an ukeT, Zveli roli
moagona.
me mrwams, rom kavkasiis es guli aZgerdeba Zlieris grZnobiT da
mtkice gardawyvetilebiT da rom igi moZraobaSi moiyvans kavkasiis
yvela nawilebs. saqarTvelos sayviri kavkasias dasZravs Semoikrebs
yvela erebs da mteri Seimusreba!
me mrwams saqarTvelo mier saxelovani aRsruleba Tavisi istori­
uli daniSnulebis.
saqarTvelos samma mTavarma elementma es mizani unda ganaxorcie­
los, es saqme unda gaakeTos. erTia mTavroba, meore _ TviT mxedroba
da mesame danarCeni saqarTvelo, dididan-pataramde. qveynis meTauri
da mesaWea mTavroba. misi roli da movaleoba upirvelesi mniSvnelo­
bisaa da metad pasuxsagebi. rwmeniT vambob, Tu mTavrobam swored ga­
iara da amaRlda im gulisTqmazed, romelic dRemde misi mTavari ma­
moZravebeli iyo, saqarTvelo saarako Zalas mxneobasa da Tavdadebas
gamoiCens. igi gaimarjvebs.
am mxriv unda mogaxsenoT, me ara var kmayofili mTavrobis dRe­
vandeli gancxadebis. ukmayofilo var mTavrobis aqcentiT, radgan
masSia Caqsovili Zveli damRupveli motivebi. da es maSinebs. mTavro­
bas unda movagonoT erTi ram, romelic mas mudam aviwydeba da ro­
melic misi mudmivi saxelmZRvanelo mcneba ki unda iyos: rom igi ar
aris erTi romelime partiis, an meore partiis mTavroba; rom igi arc

66
glexTa mTavrobaa da arc muSaTa; aramed igi aris saqarTvelos mTav­
roba. saqarTvelos mTavroba, batonebo, Tavis mdgomareobiT, mem­
kvidrea qarTvelTa Teslis ori sami aTasi wlis cxovrebisa. ander­
Zad miRebuli, man saqarTvelo unda gadasces momaval qarTvelobas.
piradi amagiT gamdidrebuli saqarTvelos dRevandeli mTavroba,
gadamcemi rgolia, romelSic dagrovilia Zala tradiciisa da si­
cocxle momavlisa.
es aviwydeba Cvens mTavrobas. amaSia dRes Cveni sisuste.
rodesac saqme Seexeba saqarTvelos ukvdavebis Senaxvas da
dacvas, mTavroba ers ar unda qsaqsavdes da erTmaneTis sawinaaRmde­
goT SuriT da mtrobiT ki ar unda razmavdes, wodebebsa da jgufebs.
mTavrobam yvela unda Searigos da yvelani Seirigos samSoblos si­
yvarulSi. mTavrobas marTebs erTnairad gaaTbos yoveli moqalaqe,
saqarTvelos yoveli cocxali Zala. da rodesac igi moixsenebs, ro­
gorc es dRes Caidina da raic, Cemis azriT, sruliad zedmeti iyo
_ an glexs, an muSas, mouxsenebli da mouwodebeli ar unda darCes
arc erTi sxva wodeba, Tu jgufi, Tu klasi. samSoblos dacvisa da
siyvarulis uflebas moqalaqes veraviTari mTavroba ver waarT­
mevs. patriotizmi qarTvelis bunebis stiqionia. da rodesac saer­
To gasaWiros dros, saerTo mobilizacia da iaraRis asxma gvWiria,
mTavroba mTel wodebebs da jgufebs ugulvebels stovebs, raRac
farulis undoblobiT! mTavroba amiT Ralatobs qveynis saqmes da
istoriulad saqarTvelos modaraje wodebebsac da momavlis klas­
sac ulaxavs uZvirfases grZnobas: _ samSoblos dacva-siyvarulisas!
egaa sabediswero! am mxriv mTavrobis dRevandeli gancxadeba ar mak­
mayofilebs da mafiqrianebs.
magram minda viwamo, rom dRevandelis mzgavss wuTebSi adamianni
gardaiqmnebian; rom gardaiqneba Cveni mTavrobac, rom igi ava saTana­
do simaRleze, mosZebnis saWiro aqcents, namdvil erovnul lozungs,
Semoikrebs gars mTels saqarTvelos da mas gamarjvebisaken waruZRve­
ba. _ minda viwamo, minda viwamo!
meore elementi Cveni gamarjvebisa, saqarTvelos mxedrobaa. Cveni
mamaci da Tavdadebuli jari Tavis winaprebis Rirseuli memkvidre
iqneba. meti siyvaruli mivsceT Cvens oficrobasa da jariskacobas,
meti ndoba Cvens oficrobas da isini ar Searcxvenen saqarTvelos
saxels, ar Searcxvenen saqarTvelos xmals. jaria Cveni imedi, Cveni
bWe. yvelaferi jarisTvis, radgan dRes jari _ saqarTveloa.
mesame elementi Cveni gamarjvebisa _ qarTvelobaa, eris simrav­
le, qali da kaci, didi da patara. qarTvel xalxs istoriulad sCvevia
msxverplis gaReba samSoblosaTvis. is Tvis istoriis cocxali gagr­
Zelebaa da visac swams samSoblo da qarTveli xalxi, is darwumnebuli
unda iyves, rom qarTveli eri araviTari msxverplis win ar Sedrkeba
saqarTvelos TavisuflebisTvis _ oRond migneba da mikvlevaa saWiro
im jado-grZnobisadmi, romelic saukuneebs erT deda-bunebaT, mis

67
diktaturad gadauqcevia! am mxriv mTavrobas kidev da kidev vafrTxi­
leb Zveli Secdomebisagan!..
am rigad, batonebo! Tu iqneba swori TanamSromloba saqarTvelos
yvela cocxali Zalebisa _ da es savsebiT mTavrobazea damokidebuli.
_ saqarTvelo ar Sercxveba!
daviviwyoT ymayofileba da gulnatkenoba. davstovoT am qveyniur­-
nivTieri. davstovoT partiebi da klasebi maT-maTi egoisturi real­
uris interesebiT. dRes Cven vemzadebiT TviT sicocxlis Sesawiravad
da ra mosatania aq partiuli gulisTqma. klasebi da wodebebi hqrebi­
an; dRes erTni arian, xval meoreni da zeg SeiZleba arc erTi iyos da
arc meore. xolo Jamgardauvali samSoblo Cveni wodebaTa da klasTa
zeda uwyvetelad imdinarebs. avcurdiT samSoblos ukvdavebis gum­
baTzed da mWidro iqneba maSin kavSiri yovelTa qarTvelTa da tkbil
iqneba sicicxlis ganwirva.
moqalaqeno! iyaviT saqarTvelos Svilni.
aRivseniT mamulis SegnebiT da gamarjvebac Cven dagvrCeba. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs valerian juRels.

valerian juRelis sityva. (s.d.)

(kreba mxurvale taSis cemiT xvdeba orators).

moqalaqeno! me magondeba is bednieri sanetaro Rame, romelic

Cven gavaTeneT 17 aprils Setevis win. swored im Rames, rodesac gad­
awyvetili iyo Cveni Seteva denikinis Sav jarebis winaaRmdeg, Cven
moviwvieT yvela Cveni sardlebi, erT patara civ oTaxSi davibareT
Cveni mowinave amxanagebi, meomarni, da mokleT uTxariT: dRes wydeba
Cveni xalxis, Cveni qveynis da demokratiis bed-iRbali. dRes Setevaze
gadavdivarT. da unda icodeT am­xanagebo, rom dasaxevi gza Tqven ar
gaqvT, an unda gaimarjvoT, an daixocoT.
amxanagebi seriozulad gvismendnen da Semdeg yvelas Rimili
daetyo saxeze; erTma sTqva: _ „dRes Cven gviTendeba aRdgoma“ da
marTlac, rodesac Cveni jari gadavida Setevaze aRfrTovanebulni
viyaviT, saxeli gamarjvebulebisa advilad vpoveT, da TiTqmis aravin
dagvikargavs.
da me mwams, amaSi var darwmunebuli Rrmad, rom Tu momavalSiac
is sityvebi, romelic aq warmoiTqva erTis mxriT, da meores mxriTac,
_ „an sikvdili, an gamarjveba“ _ darCeba ara sityvad, aramed TviTveu­
li Cvengani amas Seignebs da savsebiT igrZnobs, maSin, rasakvirvelia,
denikinis jarebi miuxedavad Tavis siSavisa, da siZlierisa, Cven ver
dagvamarcxeben.
magram aq minda vsTqva, rom nuravin nu ifiqrebs, rom marTlac
denikinis Zala iseTi sustia, rom misi abuCd agdeba Cvens demokra­

68
tias SeuZlian. nuravin ityvis, rom is aris erTi xrova gza dakargul
oficrebisa, xrova ruseTis reaqcionerebisa, romelic maSinve gai­
fanteba, Tu Cven medgrad dauxvdebiT mas. ara, moqalaqeno, brZola,
rodesac is daiwyeba, da brZola ukve dawyebuli aris, iqneba metad
sastiki, sisxliani da metad Zneli. da es Cven yvelam unda vicodeT da
gvaxsovdes. amas vambob me dRes, rodesac frontze mivemgzavrebi. da
unda giTxraT, rom Cven, vinc frontze vdgevarT, am Zalas metad seri­
ozulaT uyurebT. da gvinda mTeli sazogadoeba, mTeli Cveni xalxi,
Cveni demokratia am Zalas seriozulaT uyurebdes. amiT me, rasak­
virvelia ar vambob, rom es Zala imdenad seriozulia, rom Cven ver
SevebrZolebiT. ara, am Zalas, miuxedavad misi siZlierisa, Cven Seve­
brZolebiT da kidevac davamarcxebT (taSi) amaSi Rrmad darwmunebu­
li var, da ara imitom vlaparakob amas, rom magari sityvebi vsTqva,
aramed imitom, rom es aris Cemi Rrma rwmena. magram Cveni mdgomareoba
axla iseTia, rom arc zedmeti pesimizmi, arc zedmeti optimizmi CvenSi
ar unda iyos gamefebuli. Cven seriozulad, metad dinjad unda Sevxe­
doT Cven mdgomareobas. da raki ese SevxedavT, raki gavecnobiT mas,
Cven unda vigrZnoT kidec. marto Segneba sakmarisi ar aris, aq unda
iyos grZnoba, grZnoba romelic warmoSobs aRfrTovanebas, da Cven
ZalTa gaerTianebas, da es gaerTianeba da aRfrTovaneba, uZlieresi
da gamarjvebuli iqneba.
magram, Tqven, me mgonia, gainteresebT Cveni frontis mdgomareoba,
da radganac am frontis irgvliv, da Cven Setevis gamo sazogadoebaSi
erTgvari azrTa triali aris, me minda Tqven giTxraT, ra pirobebSi ga­
davediT Cven Setavaze da ra saerTo mdgomareoba aris Cvens frontze.
Tqven iciT, rom soWSi qurdulad damarcxebuls Cvens jars, rode­
sac is, motyvilebiT da veragulaT denikinis generlebma xelSi Caig­
des, droze daxmareba ver gauwieT, radganac Cven bunebamac xeli Seg­
viSala, droze ver gadavisroleT imdeni Zala, rom gagris olqi mainc
dagvekavebina. mxolod mis Semdeg gadavediT, rodesac denikinis jars,
ara marto mdinare bzibis marjvena napiri ekava, ukve gamamacebuli
iyo, da gadmosuli marcxena napiras. ai swored am dros CavediT Cven,
da upirveles yovlisa, rasakvirvelia, SevecadeT am marcxena napiris
gawmendas da mis daWeras. es Zalian advilad movaxerxeT, da radganac
Cven gamarjvebuli viyaviT, Cven ZalebSi darwmunebulni vapirebdiT
marjvena mxareze gadasvlas. am dros Camovida inglisis generali uai­
ti, da man gviTxra: „dadeqiT Tqven alagas. me var gamogzavnili Tqven
mosarigeblad, da Cemis saSualebiT Tqven ganaxorcielebT Tqvens mi­
zanso“. Cvenc davujereT mis sityvas, da ramdenime kvira ucadeT. mis
Semdeg uaiti gamocvales da mis adgilas daniSnes polkovniki faimsi.
polkovniki gveubneboda rom „me var ubralo saldaTi, me vasruleb
Cemi ufrosebis brZanebas _ es brZaneba is aris, rom me brZola ar da­
vuSva arc erTis mxriv, arc meores mxridan, da Cven mSvidobianad ga­
davwyvetT am sadao sakiTxso.

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 Cveni mTavrobac amas gveubneboda, da Cven am mSvidobianobis molo­
dinSi videqiT ori Tve. da am or Tvis ganmavlobaSi general denikinma
ar moisurva daecala sazRvrebi. gadioda dro, Cven TandaTanobiT va­
grovebdiT Zalebs. denikinic agrovebda Tavis Zalebs da mdgomareoba
gamourkveveli iyo. bolos da bolos, aSkarad Seiqmna CvenTvis, rom
Tavis CareviT mesame Zala ver mogvarigebda. am mesame Zalas, nebiT
Tu uneblieT undoda denikinis frontis gaZliereba da droebiT
Cveni Setevis SeCerebiT denikinis frontis gamagreba. da radganac
aseTi mdgomareoba bolos da bolos gvasustebda Cven da amagrebda
denikins, da radganac aSkara iyo CvenTvis, rom denikins eWira Cveni
revoliucionuri teritoriis nawili, _ Cven erT adgilas dadgoma
aRar SegveZlo, da Cven SevekiTxeT mTavrobas, raTa neba moeca gadav­
suliyaviT Setevaze.
am dros Cveni mTavroba darwmunda, rom mesame Zalas aRar Seu­
Zlian denikinis gandevna, rom denikini, miuxedavad imisa, rom katego­
riuli brZaneba hqonda ingliselebisa, _ Tavis nebiT ukan ar wavido­
da. da Cven gadavediT am Setevaze.
garda yvela dadebiTi Tvisebisa, romelic hqonda am Setevas,
erTi didi dadebiTi Tviseba hqonda mas Semdegi: daxlovebiT, danam­
dvilebiT, SetevaSi, brZolaSi gavecaniT denikinis Zalebs. Cvens wi­
naaRmdeg maSin idga oficerTa polki da kidev sxva, Tavis zarbaznebiT
da pulemiotebiT. da marTali giTxraT, Tumca xalisiT gadavdiodiT
Setevaze, mainc TviTeuli Cvengani fiqrobda, _ ai swored exla Cven
gvaq saqme gamocdil jarTan, romelsac saTaveSi udga saukeTeso gen­
erlebi, da amitom TviTeuli Cvengani, Tumca saboloo gamarjvebaSi
darwmunebuli iyo, magram mainc gvjeroda, rom am SetevaSi da brZo­
laSi bevri Cvengani ganutevebda suls. da Cven didis mzadebiT, da si­
frTxiliT gadavediT am Setevaze. magram aq, me sixaruliT da sabed­
nierod unda aRvniSno, rom Tu Cven aqamdis gvqonda brZola romelime
bandebTan, saidanac unda Semogvseodnen isini, yvelaze ufro didi,
Zlieri banda yofila denikinis banda. miuxedavad imisa, rom mas hyavs
umTavresad oficroba, rom mas yavs oficerTa polki. da es polkebi
arian mouwesrigebelni, isini ar arian gamsWvalulni saerTo Sromis
ideiT da isini ver umagrdebian aSkara Setevas, da amitom Zalian ad­
vilad marcxdebian.
amiT me imis Tqma ki ar minda, rom denikins sakmao Zala ar hyavs,
magram me imas vambob, rom denikinis Zala ar aris CvenTvis saSiSi
maSinac ki, rodesac or da samjer Cenze mets Zalas wamoayenebs; ra­
odenobiT imas SuZlian rasakvirvelia Cvenze meti Zala wamoayenos,
magram xarisxiT, aRfrTovanebiT, brZolis surviliT, Cveni Zala bev­
rad ufro Zlieri iqneba. amaSi Cven swored davrwmundiT 17 aprils,
rodesac Cven ise advilad gavimarjveT. da rodesac brZolis dros
mravali jaris kaci da, me vityvi, mravali oficeri sixaruliT gadmo­
dioda Cvens mxareze, rodesac Cven Seteva daviwyeT da gadavdiodiT

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xidze, ai swored maSin movida CvenTan ingliseli kapitani normani
da iman gviTxra, „aq aris ori denikinis oficeri, romelnic darajo­
ben am xids, da am oficrebs undaT Tqven mxareze gadmosvla“. Tqven
warmoidgineT ra STabeWdileba moaxdina aman. inglisis oficroba
aSkarad xedavda Cven brZolas da me Tamamad vambob, aSkarad darw­
munebulia, romel mxareze aris bandebi. romeli mxare icavs anarqias
da romeli mxare icavs wesierebas. da aq isic unda vsTqva, rom swored
am SetevaSi, am brZolaSi, am frontze Cvenma jarma didi gamocdileba
miiRo. im dros, rodesac aravin moeloda, rom Cveni jari gadavidoda
mdinare bzibze, radganac xidi gaxsnili iyo da yvela darwmunebuli
iyo, rom marto xidis saSualebiT SeiZleba gadasvla meore mxareze,
_ Cveni gvardia gadavida 20 adgilas, _ zogierTi curviT, zogierTi
naviT, zogierTi mavTuliT. (taSi). da swored maSin, rodesac gener­
ali brigsi Cven mTavrobasTn molaparakebis dros ambobs, rom Cven
udierad vepyrobiT denikinis tyveebs, rom isini metad mZime mdgo­
mareobaSi imyofebian, _ me moviTxov, rom inglisis warmomadgeneli
TiTon wamovides adgilas da daekiTxos im tyveebs _ ramdeni maTgani
moisurvebs denikinTan dabrunebas. me vambob, rom Cven 400-500 tyvee­
bisgan, romelnic jaris kacebisgan Sesdgebian, denikins marto 20-40
Tu daubrundeba, ormoci oficrebisgan, romelnic tyved gvyvanan 34
Txovna Semoitana Cvens saxelze, _ Tu iqneba Cveni denikinTan gagzavna
_ arasgziT ar gagvgzavnoT masTano.
aseTia Cveni mdgomareoba. da me vambob, es oficrebi da es jaris
kacebi, romelnic Cven tyveT gvyvanan arian karg mdgomareobaSi, ram­
denadac Cven SegveZlo Segveqmna da, rasakvirvelia, bevrad ufro karg
mdgomareobaSi, vidre Cveni tyveebi denikinis xelSi. da umetes naw­
ilad sruliad ar arian motrfialeni, rom kvlav denikins daubrund­
nen, da Tu inglisis warmomadgenlebs marTla simarTle ainteresebT,
_ movidnen da gaarCion adgilobriv es mdgomareoba. magram, iciT,
rodesac Cven aviReT gagra da rodesac denikinma dagvitova saSineli
memkvidreoba 400 tifiT avadmyofi kaci, Cven vTxoveT inglisis erT
oficers, polkovniks,: _ mobrZandiT CvenTan erTad da daaTvaliereT
maTi saavadmyofo, romelic saSinel jojoxeTis mdgomareobaSi iyo.
inglisis polkovnikma gviTxra: „me Zalian gulCvili adamiani var,
vici, ra saSinel mdgomareobaSi aris maTi saavadmyofo, da ver wam­
ovalo“. marTlac maTi saavadmyofo iseT mdgomareobaSi iyo, rom Cven
isedac daRatakebulT, gaWirvebulT, didi fulis daxarjva dagvWir­
da, rom es sacodavni Cagveyenebina Sesafer pirobebSi, da dRes isini
marTlac rigian pirobebSi arian Cayenebulni.
ai ase vibrZviT Cven, ase ibrZvis Cveni demokratia da Cven vambobT,
_ is demokratia, romelic ase ibrZvis, romelic damarcxebul mters
ase epyroba, yovelTvis gamarjvebuli iqneba.
axla me minda gadvide ufro prozaul da Cveulebriv saganze. Tu
marTla es proza ar iqneba savsebiT SeTvisebuli, Tu es proza Cven

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ar SevqeniT Cvens cxovrebaSi, _ araviTari gamarjveba ar iqneba Cven
frontze, Tu Cven 10,000-20,000 kacs gadvisvriT Cven frontze da mere
fronti migvaviwydeba, maSin, rasakvirvelia, es 10,000 kaci gawydeba
da Cven gamarjvebas ver movipovebT.
me ukvirdebi Cvens sazogadoebas da samwuxarod unda vsTqva, rom
Cven sazogadoebaSi jer-jerobiT ar aris is aRfrTovaneba, is erT­
sulovneba, romelic unda amagrebdes Cvens fronts. Cvenma sazoga­
doebam TiTqos arc icis is saSineli safrTxe, romelic Cven qveyanas,
Cven demokratias moelis; sazogadoebam ar icis ra saSineli Rrubeli
daawva Cvens qveyanas, ar icis, rom es Rrubeli Cvens qveyanas, me vityvi
Tqveni sityviT, „mTel Cven ers“ ganadgurebas uqadis. sazogadoebam es
ar icis, sazogadoebam unda igrZnos es da rodesac igrZnobs, _ unda
miiRos zomebi, rom mTavrobas daexmaros xalxis gamarjvebis saqmis
organizaciaSi.
me maxsovs Cveni qalebi, ara is dedebi, Cveni qarTveli Zveli
dedebi, romelnic dRes Tavis anderZiT Svelian, ara, _ Cveni qarTve­
li qalebi, ruseTis reaqciis dros: maSin komitetebs, sazogadoebebs
aarsebdnen, amzadebdnen sxva da sxva nivTebs da fronts uyurebdnen.
da nu Tu maSin imitom iyo Cveni sazogadoeba dainteresebuli, rom va­
rancov-daSkovebs, an sxva vinme did russ asiamovnebdnen? ara, swored
exla, rodesac Cveni qalebi, Cveni dedebi savsebiT Seigneben Cveni qvey­
nis saSinel mdgomareobas, maSin isini didis energiiT daukvirdebian
fronts da Seqmnian im siTbos, romliTac suldgmulobs fronti. bo­
los da bolos miuxedavad imisa, rom sastik brZolas awarmoebs fron­
ti, is mainc didi bavSvi aris, mas advilad ewyineba patara ram, da pa­
tara ram gaaxarebs. magaliTad, rodesac aRdgoma dRes Cven araviTari
saCuqari ar mogvivida, Cveni gvardielebi, rogorc didi bavSvebi,
Zalian daRonebulni iyvnen. rasakvirvelia imas ki ara aqvs mniSvne­
loba, rom mogvivida wiTeli kvercxis da paskis naWeri, magram aqvs
mniSvneloba imas, rom imiT iqneba gabmuli erTgvari Zafi frontsa da
sazogadoebis Soris. me mjera, rom momavalSi es erTgvari sisuste
Cveni sazogadoebisa sruliad moispoba, da mTeli Cveni sazogadoeba
dadgeba fexze da gaamagrebs da gaacocxlebs Tavis siTbos.
guSin Tbilisis deputaTa muSaTa sabWos aRmasrulebel komitet­
ma erTi milioni maneTi gadasdo Tavdacvis fondis Sesaqmnelad.
(taSi). ai swored es nabiji amtkicebs, rom mdgomareoba seriozuli
aris, rom mTeli Cveni Zalebi unda davrazmoT. Tu es Tanxa pirvelad
gamoiRo swored im organizaciam, romelic Tavidanve emsaxureba Cve­
ni qveynis da Cveni demokratiis bednierebas da siZlieres, exla Semde­
gi sityva ekuTvnis sazogadoebis sxva wreebs, da me darwmunebuli var,
da Tqven iciT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs fuls omis dros.
aq erTma amxanagma sTqva, rom erTsulovnobisa da siZlieris Ses­
aqmnelad saWiroa sami rame: erTi _ gamoviRoT Cveni qoneba, visTvi­
sac es SesaZlebelia, meore _ Cveni Sroma, da mesame _ unda avamoZraoT

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Cveni SeiaraRebuli mklavio. da Tu yvela amas SevZlebT, Tu sazoga­
doebis da frontis Soris Zafi gaibmeba qveynis TavdacvisaTvis, maSin,
rasakvirvelia, veraviTari denikini Cven ver dagvamarcxebs.
aq unda giTxraT Semdegi: Tqven iciT, rom Cveni sazogadoeba Ses­
dgeba bolos da bolos muSebis, glexebis, burJuaziis da Tavad-az­
naurobisagan. Tqven iciT, rom Tavad-aznaurobis Tayvanismcemeli me
arasodes ara vyofilvar, magram amasTanave me Tamamad da sixaruliT
vambob, Cvenma Tavadaznaurobam gamohyo iseTi wreebi mebrZolTa,
romelic SesaniSnavad icaven qveyanas. Tqven iciT, rom denikinis wi­
naaRmdeg sdganan bevri Cveni oficrebi, romelnic, Zveli sityviT rom
vsTqvT, saukeTeso Cven gvarebisagan arian gamosulni. me dRes ar vici,
romeli ufro meti siyoCaRiT, metis TavdadebiT ibrZvis: is oficeri
TavadiSvili, 4-jer rom iyo daWrili da fronts ar Sordeboda, Tu
meore _ muSa, romelic tyviiT daWrilia da mis gverdiT rCeba. ai,
batonebo, me vambob, Tu aseTi erTsulovnoba iqneba da yvela sazoga­
doeba gamoyofs mebrZoleebs, _ mterma Zalianac rom moindomos, ra­
sakvirvelia, Cven ver dagavmarcxebs.
magram, aqve unda vsTqva, CvenSi aris erTi wre, Cveni sazogadoebi­
sa, romelic yvelaze ufro kargad grZnobs Tavs, magram yvelaze ufro
nakleb monawileobas iRebs qveynis dacvaSi.
Tqven iciT, rom Tavad-aznaurobas Cven CamovarTviT wodeba, Tava­
daznaurobas Cven CamovarTviT miwebi, magram mainc zogierTi saukeTe­
so Svilebi Tavad-aznaurobisa xalxTan erTad Tavisuflebas icaven.
mxolod aris erTi wre, romelsac saerTod burJuazia hqvian da ai am
burJuaziam yvelaze meti hpova am revoliuciaSi. magram burJuazias
araviTari monawileoba ar miuRia qveynis da xalxis dacvaSi. ai ami­
tom, Cveni mTavrobis da demokratiis vali aris, rom es gamdidrebuli
burJuaziac moiyvanos qveynis, xalxis da demokratiis sakurTxevelze
da gamoiRos is, risi gamoRebac mas SeuZlian. es aris fuli da Cven
gvwams, rom am mokle dros mTavroba Semoitans Sesafer kanon-pro­
eqts, da damfuZnebeli kreba am kanon-proeqts miiRebs. da Tu es ase
moxda, Tu es ase iqmna maSin me mwams, rom veraviTari gareSe Zala, ver­
aviTari reaqcionuri Zala Cven ver dagvamarcxebs.
me erTxel kidev minda mivaqcio Cveni mTavrobis yuradReba erT
rameze. Cven viciT, rom rodesac Cven vdgevarT denikinis winaaRmdeg,
Cven viciT, rom denikini Tavis Zalis mobilizacias arasodes ar ax­
dens, mas Tavisi jari mudam iraRSi hyavs, da misTvis sul erTia, _ sad
gaaCerebs Tavis jars: _ tixoreckSi, ekaterinodarSi, Tu soWis olq­
Si. am mxriv is sruliad simZimes ar grZnobs, radganac es SeiaraRebu­
li Zala mas mudam fexze hyavs. Cven qveyanas brZolis unari aqvs.
magram Cveni qveyana, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas brZolis unari aqvs,
mainc brZolas ar etrfis, ar unda brZola da sanam am brZolas Cven
Tavze ar Semogvaxveven, Cven imas xels ar vkidebT. da ai swored Cven
gvinda SevqmnaT iseTi dro, rom es iaraRi Tavisuflad xelidan gavag­

73
doT. magram amis saSualebas ar gvaZleven. da Tu aseTi mdgomareoba
didxans gagrZeldeba, Zalian Segvasustebs rodesac mravali aTasi
SeiaraRebuli xalxis saukeTeso Svilebi Cven frontze gveyoleba. am­
itom es sakiTxi, denikinis sakiTxi, rac SeiZleba kategoriulad, rc
SeiZleba adre unda gadawydes.
iseTi ryevis politika, romelsac Zalauneburad vawarmoebdiT,
rodesac gareSe Zala Cven xels gviSlis, aseT ryevis politikas Tan­
daTanobiT Tavidan unda avcdeT, Torem moxdeba is, rom denikini Tan­
daTan, nawil-nawil daipyrobs, daiqvemdebarebs im Zalebs, romelnic
Cven irgvliv arian. iman TiTqmis savsebiT daikava mTiuleTi, exla is
gadadis aderbeijanSi da Tu Cven miveciT mas ufleba gadavides ader­
beijanSi, rasakvirvelia, maSin Cveni Zalebi Zalian Sesustdebian. ami­
tom, me mgonia, mTavrobam kategoriulad unda dasvas sakiTxi, Tu dReis
Semdeg denikinis jarma erTi nabiji kidev win wasdga an aderbeijani­
saken, an mTielebisaken, es iqneba CvenTvis omis gamcxadeba. da Tu am gzas
davadgebiT, me mgonia, an SevaCerebT winsvlas, an-da daatrialebT im
oms, romelSic Cveni yofna-ar yofnis sakiTxi gadawydeba. Torem exla
SeiZleba aseTi politikis warmoebiT SegvaCeron erTi Tve, SegvaCeron
ori, sami Tve, SegvaCeron iqamdis, sanam Cven xalxs ar daauZlureben
ekonomiurad da swored im dros daiwyeben Cvens winaaRmdeg Semotevas,
rodesac Cven sruliad ganmartoebuli viqnebiT, rodesac aderbeijani
dakavebuli iqneba da somxeTTan maT erTgvari Zafi eqnebaT gabmuli.
rom es ase ar Seiqmnas, Cvenma mTavrobam erTgvari nabiji unda ga­
dasdgas, kategoriulad unda sTqvas _ Tu denikinis jari fexs wars­
dgavs amier-kavkasiaSi, mas eqneba saqme ara marto aderbeijanTan da
sxvebTan, aramed eqneba saqme Cven qveyanas an, Cven demokratiasTan, Cven
mTavrobasTan. (xmebi: marTalia!) es mTavrobisTvis aucilebelia. me
vambob amas, rogorc erT-erTi frontis warmomadgeneli imitom, rom
vici Tu ra Znelia frontze umoqmedoT yofna.
ai exlac guSin-win patara Setakeba daiwyes Cvenma mtrebma. mTis
artileriam ramdenjerme zarbazani gvesrola. guSin diliT patara
ieriSi moitana, magram Cvenma jarma is uku aqcia. Cven mogvikvda erTi
kaci da erTic dagveWra. swored am praqtikiT mas SeuZlian, rom Cven
mudam iseT mdgomareobaSi Cagvayenos, rom mTeli Cveni ZalebiT mipy­
robili viyoT frontze da amas iqamdis awarmoebs, vinem bolos da bo­
los sazogadoebas ar moswyindeba frontisaken yureba.
me vici, rom Cven xalxs SeuZlian erT wuTSi aRfrTovandes, ma­
gram me vici isic, rom es aRfrTovaneba ucbaT gaqarwyldeba xolme
da mtersac es unda. dRes Tqven aRfrTovanebulni xarT, xval Sesdge­
ba qalTa da sxva da sxva sazogadoebebi, fuls Seagroveben, fronts
mixedaven, magram ori-sami Tvis Semdeg es ukve mogwyindebaT, fronti
migaviwydebaT. aq Seiqmneba mSvidobiani mdgomareoba da swored ma­
Sin Cagvcems Cven mteri zurgSi laxvars. da rom es ar moxdes me ukve
darwmunebuli var, rom mTavroba sruli yuradRebiT moeqceva amas

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da iseT mdgomareobaSi Caayenebs Cven xalxs, Cvens demokratias, rom
mteri qurdulad Cven Tavs ver dagvecema. da radganac me mixdeba isev
frontze gamgzavreba, imedi maqvs, rom swored Cveni xalxis, Tqveni
da mTavrobis survils gadavcem im jars, im gvardias, romelic fron­
tze sdgas, rom Cven mzad varT ukanasknel sisxlis wveTamde vebrZo­
loT im saSinel Sav-bnel reaqcias, romelic ganadurebas uqadis mTel
Cven demokratias da samudamod yovel momavals uspobs Cven ganTavi­
suflebul xalxs, rom TviTeuli Cvengani grZnobs im diad lozungis
idealebs, romelic aris an sikvdili, an gamarjveba, da is, rogorc
erTi kaci TqvenTan erTad, mTeli xalxi, mTeli qveyana am brZolaSi Tu
gamarjvebas ver hpovebs, is hpovebs saxelovan saflavs. (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. am gvarad kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. sityva
for­­mulis gansacxadeblad ekuTvnis krebis wevrs giorgi faRavas.

formula morig sakiTxze gadasvlisa.

g. faRava. soc.-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Semdegi formula

(kiTxulobs).
„moismina ra mTavrobis moxseneba moxaliseTa jarebis Semosevis
Sesaxeb, damfuZnebeli kreba saqveynod acxadebs, rom es Tavdasxma ga­
mowveulia Zveli ruseTis motrfialeTa imperialistur zraxvebiT
da surviliT wvrili erebis damonebisa da demokratiis ganadgurebi­
sa; damfuZnebeli kreba darwmunebulia, rom Cveni saxelovani jari da
gvardia Rirseulad Sexvdeba mters da mTel Tavis ZalRoniT daicavs
saqarTvelos respublikis Rirsebas da xelSeuxeblobas. damfuZnebe­
li kreba mouwodebs mTels demokratias, mTels ers, Semokrbes mTav­
robis garSemo. zurgi gaumagros laSqars, rogorc meomarT micemiT,
ise qonebrivi msxverplis gaRebiT da moraluri daxmarebiT.
damfuZnebeli kreba darwmunebulia, rom amier-kavkasiis respub­
likebi da maTi demokratia am safrTxis winaSe erTxmad dadgebian da
mas saerTo ZaliT ekveTebian.
damfuZnebeli kreba rwmenas gamosTqvams, rom evropis saxelmwi­
foebi da pirvelad yovlisa muSaTa demokratia xmas aRimaRlebs Cve­
ni erisa da demokratiis dasacavad. damfuZnebeli kreba mimarTavs
parizis sazavo konferencias da evropis yvela parlamentebs protes­
tiT winaaRmdeg denikinis Semosevisa da misi SeiaraRebisa wvril erTa
dasaTrgunavad“.
Tavmjdomare. sxva formula, rogorc sCans, ar aris, prezidiums
ar aqvs sxva formula. surs Tu ara vismes sityva aiRos? msurveli ar­
avis aris. maSasadame, kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre? vin aris winaaRmde­
gi? vin Seikava Tavi? maSasadame, damfuZnebelma krebam erTxmad miiRo
formula. (mxurvale taSi). krebas daxurulad vacxadeb.
kreba ixureba 3 s. 10 wuTze.

75
76
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdamesame sxdoma

1919 weli. ivnisis 3. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
gr. naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
konstantine jafariZe,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 35 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT dabrZandeT. mdi­

vani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebis sia.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
1. finansTa ministris proeqti saqarTvelos saxelmwifo bankis
wesdebisa. gadaecema sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
gzaTa ministris kanon-proeqti rkinis gzis mier dakargul bar­
gisa da barg-saqonlis misacem safasuris gadidebis Sesaxeb. gadaecema
gzaTa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
3. gzaTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ gzaTa departamentis debu­
lebisa, Statisa da xarjT-aRricxvis Sesaxeb. gadaecema gzaTa da sa­
biujeto-safinanso komisiaT.

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 4. ganaTlebis ministris kanon-proeqti sazRvar-gareT specialur
swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavn axalgazrdaTvis sastipendio
Tanxad erTi milioni maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb. gadaeces ganaTlebisa
da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. meore muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxalxo skolebis

maswavlebelTaTvis xuTwleul damatebaTa dawesebis Sesaxeb.
2. dekreti axalcixe-axalqalaq-artaanisa da soxum-axalsenakis
gzatkecilebis SesakeTeblad.
Tavmjdomare. amtkicebT dRiur wesrigs, Tu ara?
wesrigi damtkicebuli gaxlavT.

meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxalxo skolebis

maswavleblebis xuT­w leul damatebaTa dawesebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. meore ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxalxo skolebis

maswavleblebis xuTwleul damatebaTa dawesebis Sesaxeb. momxsene­
belni WavWaniZe da qristine SaraSiZis asuli. sityva ekuTvnis momx­
senebel WavWaniZes.
iv. WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs kanonproeqtis 1 muxls).

soc. federalistebis winadadeba.

Tavmjdomare: Semotanili gaxlavT Sesworeba soci­al-federalis­

tebis fraqciis mier Semdegi Sinaarsisa: (kiTxulobs) „nacvlad 5
wleulebis damatebisa SemoRebul iqmnas samwleulebis damatebani“.
Semotanili gaxlavT agreTve Semdegi Sesworeba social-demokratiis
fraqciis saxeliT: „kanonproeqtis pirvel muxlSi Seicvala oras or-
moci maneTi oTxas maneTiT“.
vis surs sityva am Sesworebebis Sesaxeb? sityva ekuTvnis meore
momxsenebels SaraSiZis asuls.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. xuT wleul damatebis nacvlad, sam
wleulebis damatebis sawinaaRmdego ganaTlebis komisias araferi
un­da hqondes; magram saerTo sistema xuT wleul damatebisa yvela mas­
wavlebelTaTvis, garda saxalxo skolebis maswavleblebisa gatare­
buli gaxlavT kidevac sakanonmdeblo gziT. saxalxo skolebis mas­
wavleblebisTvis sam wleul damatebis dawesebiT unda dairRves xuT
wleulebis saerTo sistema.

78
 erTis SexedviT Cven amiT TiTqos privilegias mivaniWebT saxal­
xo skolis maswavleblebs. saxalxo skolebis maswavleblebis mdgo­
mareoba imdenad unugeSo aris, rom maTTvis es privilegia ar unda
dagvenanos, magram saxelmZRvanelo principad Cven aRiarebuli unda
gvqondes saxalxo maswavleblebis nivTieri mdgomareobis ZiriTadi
gaumjobeseba ara iseTi paliativiT, rogoric aris sam wleulebis
daweseba xuT wleulebis nacvlad.
garda amisa gansaxilveli kanon-proeqtis pirveli muxli gulisx­
mobs, rom pirveli xuTi wleuli maswavleblebis jamagirs emeteba
dRidan samsaxurSi Sesvlisa, ase rom, amisdamixedviT, sam wleuli
damatebis dawesebiT Cven arsebiTad ar vcvliT maswavleblis nivTier
mdgomareobas. amrigad, xuT wleuli damatebis sistemis mTlianobis
gulisTvis da im mosazrebiT, rom Cven unda vizrunoT saxalxo mas­
wavleblebis nivTier mdgomareobis ZiriTad gaumjobesebaze, ganaT­
lebis komisia uaryofs social-federalistebis mier Semotanil Ses­
worebas.
Tavmjdomare. pirveli momxsenebelis daskvna.
ivan WavWaniZe. me orive Sesworebis winaaRmdegi var.
saqme imaSia, rom, rac Seexeba 400 maneTis damatebas, rogorc mogax­
seneT warsul krebazedac, safinanso-sabiujeto komisia amis winaaRm­
degi iyo mxolod imitom, rom ar darRveuliyo es wleul 5% siste­
ma, romelic arsebobs saSualo da umaRles dawyebiTi skolebisTvis.
ise ki TviT 400 maneTis damatebac maswavleblebis mdgomareobas ver
gaaumjobesebs da mxolod sistemis darRveva iqneba meti araferi.
rac Seexeba sam wleulebis SemoRebis nacvlad xuT wle­ulebisa,
rogorc mogaxsenaT b-n momxsenebelma, es iqneba agreTve darRveva
sistemisa. ukve miRebuli kanoniT saSualo da pirvel dawyebiTi uma­
Rles skolebis maswavlebelTaTvis dawesebulia xuTi wleulebi da aq
sam wleulebs Tu SemoviRebT iqac unda SemoviRoT. es erTi. meore:
_ xuT wleulebis Tu sam wleulebis dawesebuleba ar SeiZleba CaiT­
valos iseT saSualebad, romelic miscems maswavleblebs SeZlebas
maTi mdgomareoba gaaumjobeson erTis mxriv da meores mxriv mixweu­
li yofiliyos is mizani, romelic kanon-proeqtis pirvel ganxilvis
dros aq mogxsendaT. avtors am Sesworebisas, ramdenadac me gavige
maSin, is mizani hqonda, rom am gziT saxalxo skolebis maswavleblebi
SeenarCunebina, rom aRar ewyoT gaqceva da sxva alagebis Zebna. magram
me vfiqrob, am mizans am gziT veRar mivaxwevT, iqneba xuTi wleulebis
Tu sami wleulebis damateba sulerTia, rogorc meore momxseneblma
mogaxsenaT saxalxo maswavleblebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba Sei­
Zleba marto ZiriTad jamagiris gadidebiT.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri Sesworebebs, vin aris momxre pirveli
Sesworebis? uaryofilia.
vin aris momxre meore Sesworebis? vin aris winaaRmdegi? meore
Sesworeba miRebulia.

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 ivane WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs rig-rigad 2, da 3, muxlebs).
damfuZnebeli kreba ucvlelad iRebs 2 da 3 muxls da adgens gadae­
ces saredaqcio komisias.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi gaxlaT: proeqti dekretisa axalcixe-ax­
alqalaq-artaanisa da soxum-axal-senakis gzatkecilebis SesakeTeb­
lad 800.000 m. gadadebis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

proeqti dekretisa axalcixe-axalqalaq-artaanisa da

soxum-axalsenakis gzatkecilebis SesakeTeblad
800.000 m. gadadebis Sesaxeb.

ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos damou­

kidebloba gamocxadda, didi mniSvneloba mieca Cvens gzebs. garda
rkinis gzebisa gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieca gza-tkecilebs.
uwyebam Tavis droze miaqcia yuradReba am gza-tkecilebs da dainaxa
saWirod maTi saTanadod SekeTeba. raTa SegvZleboda maTi Tavisu­
flad sargebloba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dRes miqceuli aqvs or
gza-tkecils da me vfiqrob, rom es sruliad samarTlianic aris.
pirveli axalcixe-axalqalaqi-artaanis gza da meore axalsenak-­
soxumis gztkecili.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom am or gzas CvenTvis Zalian didi mniSvne­
loba aqvs. Cven orive mxares fronti gvaqvs, pirvel frontisken, sox­
umis frontisken aris meore gzac, magram Tqven mogexsenebaT, Tu ram­
denad SesaZlebelia omis dros am gziT, zRviT sargebloba, miTumetes
ro Cven ar gvyavs floti. am mxriv omis dros Cven gvrCeba erTad erTi
gza, romlis saSualebiT Cven unda mivawodoT jars, rogorc samxe­
dro masala, ise sursaTi. es gza Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi imyofe­
ba. alag-alagas imdenad gauvali aris, rom am gziT Cven ver SevZlebT
Tavis droze mivawodoT verc samxedro masala da verc sursaTi Cvens
jars, romelic frontzea.
meore gzac swored eseve gafuWebulia. es gaxlavT axalcixe-ax­
alqalaq-artaanis gzatkecili. isic aoxrebulia. aqac aris gauvali
adgilebi. am gzasac unda SekeTeba saswrafod.
uwyebas am ori gzis SekeTebisaTvis saerTo sabiujeto xarjTaR­
ricxva Setanili aqvs. magram dRes am gzebis SekeTeba imdenad sas­
wrafo aris, rom SeuZlebelia Cven am biujetis damtkicebas moucad­
oT. saWiroa am gzebis SekeTebis dawyeba dauyovnebliv.
amitom uwyebam gamoyo erTgvari Tanxa am ukve navaraudev Tanxi­
dan, rom am TanxiT SeakeTos, ris SekeTebac aucilebeli, saWiro da
saswrafo aris.
am gzebisTvis winad hqondaT gadadebuli saTanado Tanxa, magram am
xarjT-aRricxvidan, rogorc sCans ganmartebis furcelidan, romel­

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ic departamentis ufrosma warmoadgina, umTavresi Tanxa daixarjeba
didi xidebis SekeTebaze. SeukeTebeli darCeboda patara xidebi. ai
swored aseT xidebis saswrafo SekeTebaa saWiro. departamenti Txou­
lobs, rom gadaidos 500.000 maneTi axal-senak-soxumis gzatkecilis
gasakeTeblad, xolo axalqalaq-axalcixis gasakeTeblad _ 350,000, im
pirobiT, rom is Tanxa, romelic iqneba gaRebuli gamoakldes im Tanx­
as, romelic Setanilia biujetis xarjT-aRricxvaSi.
biujetSi navaraudevi iyo pirveli gza-tkecilis SesakeTeblad
1.442.204 m. da 31 k.
aqedan gadadebuli aris 500.000 man da danarCeni Seva biujetSi.
meore gzisTvis Setanilia ufro didi Tanxa, _ 2.665.250 m., aqedan
gadadebulia 300.000 man., danarCeni Seva saerTo xarjT-aRricxvaSi.
es dekreti ganixiles gzaTa da sabiujeto komisiebma da maT saW­
irod dainaxes am dekretis miReba, raTa saSualeba mieces uwyebas
xsenebuli gzebi SeakeTos, rom Tu saWiroeba gveqneba am gzebiT vis­
argebloT, da rom saWiroeba gveqneba es ukve faqtia.
(momxsenebeli ivane WavWaniZe sityvier ganmartebis Semdeg kiTxu­
lobs dekretis proeqtis 1-sa da me-2-e muxls).
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad da ucvlelad iRebs dekretis proeq­
tis orive muxls.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva pirveli muxlis Sesaxeb? aravis.
muxli miRebulia. meore muxlis Sesaxeb?

soc.-dem. fraqciis damateba

Tavmjdomare. Semosulia damateba social-demokratiul fraqci­

is mier: „dekreti ese Sedis ZalaSi dRidan miRebisa damfuZnebeli
krebis mier“.
momxsenebli. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi damatebisa? dekreti
damatebiT miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. sxva sakiTx­
ebi aRar gaxlavT. dRiuri wesrigi amowurulia. exla mogxsendebaT
morigi sxdomis dRis wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs morig sxdomis dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. sxdomas vxurav.
sxdoma ixureba dilis 11 saaTsa da 55 wuTze.

81
82
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdameoTxe sxdoma

1919 weli. ivnisis 6. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli da
grigol naTaZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 25 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

1. miwad-moqmedebis ministris proeqti debulebisa _ respublikis

centralur sastatistiko biuros daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto da iuridiul komisias.
2. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministrTa proeqti dekreti­
sa _ mTavrobis gankargulebaSi oci milioni man. gadadebisa adgilo­
briv saqonlis dasamzadeblad ucxoeTSi gasatanad da ucxoel saqon­
lis saqarTveloSi Semosatanad.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.
3. samxedro ministris proeqti dekretisa _ respublikis jaris
nawilidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego zomebisa.
gadaeces samxedro da iuridiul komisias.

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 4. finansTa ministris proeqti dekretisa _ mTavrobis gankar­
gulebaSi 1919/20 wlis biujetis proeqtSi aRricxul jamis 1/12 nawi­
lis gadaRebisa.
gadaeces safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.

dRiuri wesrigi

1. saboloo teqsti saxalxo skolis maswavlebelTaTvis xuTwleul

damatebaTa dawesebis kanonisa.
2. saboloo teqsti axalcixe-axalqalaq-artaanis da soxum-axal-­
senakis gzatkecilebis SesakeTeblad 800.000 m. gadadebis dekretisa.
3. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa dazaralebul
meomarTa da maTi ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
4. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa uqme dReebis ricx­
vis Semcirebis Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa sawon-sazomi pala­
tis Sesaxeb.
6. pirveli zogadi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa sasinjao sammarTve­
los Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare.
damatebiT gaxlavT Semotanili dekreti. qal. TbilisisaTvis 10
mil. man. sesxad micemisa. dekreti friad saswrafo gaxlavT. prezid­
iumma SesaZleblad dainaxa, rom es dekreti Sevides dRiur wesrigSi.
fraqciebs igi ukve daurigdaT.
surs Tu ara vismes sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb? maSasadame
dRiuri wesrigi miRebulia.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba.

sanam saqmes SeudgebodeT, neba miboZeT, prezidiumis saxeliT Sem­

degi cnoba mogawodoT.
saqme is gaxlavT, rom damfuZnebel krebis zogierTi wevri droze
ar modis xolme sxdomaze da es Zalian uSlis xels damfuZnebel kre­
bis muSaobas. reglamentis mier win daxeduli aris brZola aseT absen­
teizmTan. reglamentis 168 muxlSi sweria Semdegi: (kiTxulobs) dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrs, romelic krebas daakldeba ara pativ-sadeb
mizezis gamo, unda gamoericxos yovel gamoSvebul sxdomisaTvis erTi
meocda-aTedi Tviuri gasamrjelosi.
xolo pativ-sadeb mizezad SeiZleba CaiTvalos Semdegi; es Ca­
moTvlili gaxlavT reglamentis 166 muxlSi: (kiTxulobs) sxdomaze
dauswreblobis pativsadeb mizezad iTvleba:

84
 1. avadmyofoba damfuZnebel krebis wevrisa;
2. sikvdili, an mZime avadmyofoba misi ojaxis wevrisa; 3. samuSao,
romelic damfuZnebel krebis moqmedebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da 4.
iseTi piradi saqmeebi, romelTa gadadeba ar SeiZleba.
Tu dRemdis prezidiums ar mohyavda sisruleSi is muxlebi, ro­
melzedac exla mogaxseneT, imitom, rom iyo mTeli rigi aseTi mizeze­
bisa, romlis ZaliT prezidiumi ar adgeboda eseT gzas. dRes ki, unda
mogaxsenoT, prezidiumis saxeliT, rom exla es muxlebi, romlebze­
dac me mogaxseneT sastikad iqnebian daculi da umorCilesi Txovnaa
fraqciebisadmi, rom miiRon zomebi, vinaidan, Tu damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevris mimarT, romelic sxdomas daakldeba da pativsadebi mizez­
Tagani ar eqneba, (romelic iyo CamoTvlili 166 muxlSi), gamoyenebuli
qneba 168 muxli reglamentisa.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT:

saboloo teqsti saxalxo skolis maswavlebelTaTvis

xuTwleul damate­b aTa dawesebis kanonisa.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebls q-n solaRaSvilisas.

a. solaRaSvilis asuli. (ganmartavs rada ra saredaqcio Seswore­
bani iqna Semotanili damfuZnebel krebis mier miTiTebul teqstSi).
Tavmjdomare. Semdeg gaxlavT:

saboloo teqsti axalcixe-axalqalaq-artaanis da

soxum-axal-senakis gzat­k ecilebis SesakeTeblad
80.000 m. gadadebis dekretisa.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT q. soloRaSvilis asuli.

a. soloRaSvilis asuli. (moaxsenebs rada ra saredaqcio cvlile­
bebi iqna Setanili damfuZnebel krebis mier miRebul teqstSi).
saboloo teqsti dekretisa muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa dazaralebul

meomarTa da maTi ojaxebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels b. zaqaria guruls.

momxsenebeli. kanon-proeqti dazaralebul meomarTa da maTi oja­
xebis daxmarebis Sesaxeb. pirveli muxli (kiT­xulobs).

85
 social-demokr. fraqciis Sesworeba.

Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi s. d. fraqcias Semoaqvs Sesworeba. am­

oiSalos sityvebi: „imaze vinc dazaralda saqarTvelos teritori­
is dasacavad, _ Sinaur an gareSe mtrebTan brZolaSi“ da samagierod
Caematos: „yvela aRniSnul meomrebsa da maT ojaxebze, romelnic
dazaraldnen Sinaur Tu gareSe brZolaSi“. vis surs sityva? aravis.
momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. vinaidan arsebiTad arafers ar scvlis es Seswore­
ba, amitom me winaaRmdegi ar var.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Sesworebis? ar­
avin. maSasadame es Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi
pirvel muxlisa? pirveli muxli miRebuli gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. (calcalke kiTxulobs kanon-proeqts 2 da 3 muxls.
kanon-proeqti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia da gadaeca sare­
daqcio komisias.
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: _

pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa uqme

dReebis ricxvis Sem­c irebis Sesaxeb.

ori momxsenebeli gaxlavT. erTi Sromis komisiis saxeliT akeTebs

moxsenebas, meore iuridiul komisiis saxeliT. pirvel momxsenebels
ekuTvnis sityva. _ b. gerasime maxaraZes.
momxsenebeli (ger. maxaraZe). Cvens respublikaSi arsebul kanon­
mdeblobiT aris dakanonebuli kvira dReebis garda 20 uqme dRe. amaT
Soris saeklesio uqmeebi aris 16 (kiTxulobs)... Soba qristesi, naTlis
Reba, mirqma, xareba, vnebis kviris paraskevi da SabaTi; aRdgoma, aRd­
gomis kviris orSabaTi da samSabaTi, amaRleba, suliswmindis mofenis
dRe, feriscvaleba, miZineba, Soba RvTismSoblisa, jvarT amaRleba da
taZrad miyvaneba.
da 4 samoqalaqo (kiTxulobs) axali weliwadi _ ianvris pirveli,
ruseTis didi revoliuciis pirveli dRe _ martis 12, internaciona­
lis dResaswauli _ maisis pirveli da saqarTvelos damoukideblo­
bis dRe.
am uqmeebidan, saeklesio uqmeebidan, Cven winadadebas viZleviT,
rom amoricxuli iqnes 8 uqme, ese igi Semdegi uqmeebi (kiTxulobs)
mirqma uflisa Tebervlis 15, didi paraskevi, aRdgomis mesame dRe _
samSabaTi, meore dRe suliswmindis mofenisa, feriscvaleba uflisa _
agvistos 19, miZineba RvTismSoblisa _ agvistos 28, jvarT amaRleba _
seqtembris 27 da taZrad miyvaneba _ dekembris 4.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom saeklesio uqmeebis ricxvi Zlier bevria da
saWiroebs Semoklebas. sazogadod am uqmeebis simravle Zlier didia.

86
 garda amisa, ekonomiuri mdgomareoba Cveni respublikisa exla
iseT mdgomareobaSia, am didi omis Semdeg da agreTve im garemoebiT,
rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi mudam ara normalur pirobebSi imyofeboda.
ekonomiurad Cveni mxare Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi aris, da mcire
rame, romelic Sromis nayofierebas moumatebs, es Cven mxedvelobaSi
unda miviRoT.
am mxriv Cven unda gauswordeT im kulturul qveynebs, sadac
uqme dReebis ricxvi Zlier mcire aris. kulturul qveynebs, Tuki
SevadarebT Cven qveyanas, marTlac am mxriv, Cven Zalian CamorCenili
viqnebiT, magram kvira dReebis garda dakanonebuli aris kulturul
qveynebSi Semdegi ricxvi. holandiaSi aris 4 uqme, inglisSi _ 6, ger­
maniaSi _ 8, belgiaSi _ 13, italiaSi _ 15, safrangeTSi _ 11. amnairad
Cven uqme dReebis ricxviT CamorCenili varT TviT klerikalur ital­
iisaganac ki. es ki, Cven gvgonia, sruliad dros Sesaferisi ar aris.
gansakuTrebiT Cvens pirobebSi, rogorc vsTqvi me, arc erTi uqme dRe
ar unda iyos zedmeti.
sakmarisi iqneba mospoba saeklesio uqmeebisa da gaTanasworeba
kulturul qveynebTan. amitom Cven jerjerobiT saWirod vsTvliT Se­
vamokloT, mxolod 8 dRe saeklesio uqmeebidan davtovoT.
rom viangariSoT muSa-mosamsaxureTa ricxvi 80,000 mTel res­
publikaSi, rogorc mas angariSobs Sromis saministro, gamova mTel
wlis gamavlobaSi: 80.000, rom 8-ze gavamravloT, _ 640,000, da Semdeg
es ricxvi gavamravleT Sromis saministros angariSiT dRiuri xel­
fasze, 35 maneTze _ gamova daaxlovebiT 23 milioni.
am fasis erTi mesamedic, rom viangariSoT gamova _ 8 milioni, ro­
melic Cven respublikis finansiur mdgomareobisTvis mcire ar aris
da romelic mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli.
imave dros, Cven viciT, rom is muSebi, romelic dRiurad muSao­
ben sruliad ukmayofiloni arian am uqme dReebis simravliT. yvela am
mosazrebis gamo Sromis komisia, romelsac am mxriv SeeTanxma iuridi­
uli komisia, adgens Semdeg kanon-proeqts: (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebels krebis wevrs b.
fircxalaiSvils.
momxsenebeli (fircxalaiSvili). kanon-proeqti uqme dReebis Ses­
axeb, ganxilul iyo agreTve iuridiul komisiaSi. Cven viciT, rom
yoveli simdidris safuZveli aris Sromis nayofiereba, Sromis zrda,
da Semqmneli am simdidrisa aris mSromeli klasi. am bolo dros, Cven
viciT, rom Sromis nayofiereba metad daeca. gamomwvevi mizezi am da­
cemisa mravalia: omi, cxovrebis siZvire, saerTo arev-dareva da sxva.
agreTve uqme dReebis simravlec. Cven axali cxovreba daviwyeT, sxva­
Ta Soris axali stilic miviReT da dagvrCa is uqme dReebi, romelic
iyo miRebuli ruseTis eklesiis mier. Cven, Tqven gemaxsovrebaT, mi­
viReT erTi dekreti, es iyo 1917 w. noembris 29-s dekreti, amier-ka­
vkasiis komisariatis mier miRebuli. magram Tu SevadarebT erT-erT

87
ucxo saxelmwifos Cven gancvifrebaSi movalT. pirvelma momxseneblma
mogaxsenaT simcire uqme dReebis ricxvisa sxva saxelmwifoebSi. garda
imisa, rom am uqme dReebis simravles aqvs gavlena, rogorc Sromis nay­
ofierebaze da Sromis zrdaze, agreTve mSromeli xalxis ekonomiur
mdgomareobazec, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im muSebs, romelnic Re­
buloben jamagirs dRiur samuSaos angariSiT, agreTve CvenSi ar ar­
sebobs arc tradicia, arc adaTi im uqme dReebisa, romelic miRebuli
iyo ruseTis eklesiis mier. samrewvelo Sromis wesdebis 189 muxlSi
CamoTvlilia is uqme dReebi, romlebiTac Cven xelmZRvanelobdiT da
romelnic Cven gvqonda miRebuli. Cven, ese igi iuridiuli komisia,
savsebiT viziarebT im mosazrebebs, romelic wamoayena Sromis komi­
siis warmomadgenelma. Cven Soris gansxvaveba mxolod erTSia: Sromis
komisiis azriT uqme dReebidan unda amoiSalos didi paraskevi, ese
igi wiTeli paraskevi. Cveni winadadeba aris, rom es dRe darCes uqme
dReT. rasakvirvelia, Cven ar SegviZlian yuradReba mivaqcioT yvela
uqme dReebs. aris zogierTi kuTxe Cveni qveynisa, zogierTi sofeli,
sadac miRebulia sxva da sxva dReebi did uqmeT, feriscvaleba da sxva,
amas angariSs ver gauwevT. magram didi paraskevi Cven gvinda CavT­
valoT uqme dReT. Cven iseTi dReebi unda viuqmoT, romelnic praq­
tikulad cxovrebaSi gatardeba. Cvenis azriT, rom es dRe amovSa­
loT uqme dReebidan, amas Cven cxovrebaSi ver gavatarebT, es saZnelo
Seiqmneba, radganac am dRes mSromeli xalxi, samzadisSi aris, emzadeba
aRdgomisTvis. mravali muSa-xalxi ar scxovrobs erT adgils, erT ro­
melime centrSi, imaT sxva da sxva adgilebSi TavianTi ojaxebi hyavT,
imaT uxdebaT erTi adgilidan meore adgilze gadasvla. amitom Cven
vfiqrobT, es dRe amoiSalos uqme dReebidan. es gamoiwvevs imas, rom
muSebi ama Tu im qarxnidan, vsTqvaT yvela Tu ara, ramdenime mainc wava
sofelSi da qarxnebis muSaoba faqtiuraT Seferxdeba. amitom Cveni
winadadebaa, rom uqme dReebidan ar iyos amoSlili wiTeli paraskevi
da rodesac muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavalT, SevitanT Sesworebas.
arsebiTad ki viziarebT im mosazrebebs, romelic wamoyenebuli iyo
Sromis komisiis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? sityva
ekuTvnis al. asaTians.
al. asaTiani. (erov. dem.) batonebo! yovelive, rac SesZlebs saqa­
rTveloSi Sromis nayofierebis gaZierebas, Cvens gansakuTrebuls
yuradRebas moiTxovs. am mxriv saWiroa, rom mravali RonisZieba
iqnes miRebuli. sxvaTa Soris, SeiZleba im RonisZiebebsac mivmarToT,
romelTac dekreti exeba. magram, me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti
am Jamad, erTis mxriv aris sruliad udroo da meores mxriv raime
mniSvelovan cvlilebas ver Seitans Sromis nayofierebis gaZliere­
baSi. upirveles yovlisa saWiro iyo, rom Sromis saministros mieRo
zomebi, rom ara Tu Semcirebuli iyos es uqmeebi, saukuneTa msvlelo­

88
aSi dakanonebuli eklesiisa da xalxis Cveulebis mier, aramed, rom
es uqmeebi orjer ar iuqmon saqarTeloSi, rogorc amas mravaljer
hqonia adgili. Sromis saministros mravali cnoba aqvs, rom muSebma
iseTi saeklesio uqmeebi erTxel ki ara, orjer iuqmes axali stilis
SemoRebis Semdgom. es momxseneblTa uTuod uwyis da me, cota ar iyos
makvirvebs misi gancxadeba _ muSebi winaRmdegi arian amodeni uqmee­
bisao. meores mxriv is, rac saukeuneTa ganmavlobaSi dakanonebuli
aris eklesiis mier da xalxis mier SeTvisebuli, mets pativs unda
ipyrobdes, xolo, Tu uqmeebis Semcireba gsurT, saWiroa, rom naCqa­
revad ar kanondebodes iseTi uqmeebi, romelnic sruliad araviTar
Rirebulebas ar warmoadgenen xalxisTvis, rogorc uqmeebi da ro­
melnic, Tu aq evropis magaliTebze aris laparaki, evropis qveynebSi
sruliad ar iuqmebian.
SeiZleba muSaTa internacionalis didi sapativcemo dRe iyos,
magram es aris uqme marto erTi klasisa. SeiZleba romelime jguf­
ma, romelime klasma daakanonos esa Tu is misTvis didi dResaswauli
da aRniSnos romelime dRe, SeiZleba SesaZlebeli iyos, rom ama Tu
im wrem agreTve TavisTvis daakanonos ruseTis revoliuciis pirve­
li dRe, rogorc uqme, magram me vfiqrob, rom es ori uqme, erTis um­
ravlesobisTvis ar aris misaRebi da misTvis araviTar Rirebulobas
ar warmoadgens, amitom rodesac uqmebis Semcirebaze midga jeri, me
mgonia, rom jer unda movspoT is uqmeebi, romelnic ase naCqarevad,
zevidan iyo miRebuli. aq Sromis komisiis Tavmjdomarem mogaxsenaT,
rom misi angariSiT saqarTveloSi moipoveba 80.000 muSa da mosamsax­
ureebi. uTuod mas moexseneba, rom am 80.000 Soris didi umravlesoba
saTanado Rirebulebas aZlevs da saTanado pativiT epyroba am uqmeebs
da momxre iqneba am uqmeebis datovebisa da Tu moipoveba amaT Soris
sxva Sexedulobis, es, saqarTvelos erTan SedarebiT, sruliad umniS­
vnelo nawili iqneba. romeli samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom am erTi
mcire jgufis survili mTel mas movaxvioT Tavze! Sromis nayofiere­
bis gaZliereba aq arafer SuaSia. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rva dRes ki ara
da, mTels kvireebsa da Tveebs uqmoben sxva da sxva saxiT. amas garda,
rodesac uqmeebis Semcirebaze midgeba saqme, cota meti awon-dawonva
da gazoma aris saWiro. Cven aq saeklesio uqmeebs vamcirebT. saekle­
sio uqmeebis ase ariTmetikulad Semcireba SeuZlebelia. saWiro aris,
rom eklesias davekiTxoT, romeli uqmeebis Semcireba SeiZleba ise,
rom saeklesio wesebi ar dairRves. nu Tu ar unda gavigoT, romelia
iseTi uqmeebi romelTa mospobas saeklesio uwyeba da eklesia ar dae­
Tanxmeba. Cven vfiqrobT, rom eklesiis azrs da sityvas ar daukargavs
Tavisi mniSvneloba da Rirebuloba qarTveli eris didi umravleso­
bis TvalSi. yvela amis gamo me ar mimaCnia am Jamad es kanon-proeqti
misaRebaT, da vfiqrob, rom es qarTveli eris didi umravlesobis sur­
vils sruliad ar Seefereba. rac Seexeba Sromis nayofierebis amaRle­

89
bas da gaZlierebas, es dekreti amisTvis friad umniSvnelo iqneba da
amisgan araferi ar gamova. Sromis nayofierebis amaRlebisaTvis Cven
ufro radikaluri zomebi unda miviRoT.
kirile niniZe. (s. d.) batonebo! unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. asaTianis
sabuTi, romelic man moiyvana, ar mimaCnia Sesawynareblad.
aq ori sakiTxi aris. erTi is, rom angariSi unda gaewios Cveni
xalxis Sexedulebas da meore formaluri, ese igi: vis unda ekiTxos
amis Sesaxeb, eklesias unda SevekiTxoT Tu ara. arsebiTad, me mgo­
nia, saqme ase aris: Cven rom vaviwrovebdeT vismes Tavisuflebas, Ta­
vis Tavad cxadia, unda SevekiTxoT TviTon xalxs, ras ityvis TiTon
xalxi. magram aq saqme ase ar gaxlavT. jer erTi, bevri saeklesio uqme
aris iseTi, romelsac faqtiurad xalxi ar uqmobs. ai, TviT glexebi
zogierT miRebul 12 dResaswaulSi bevrs ar inaxaven, muSaoba so­
flad bevrgan xdeba. aris bevri alagebi, sadac kvirasac ar uqmoben.
aseTi aris xalxis Sexeduleba. ase rom, eklesia da xalxi, Tamamad
SeiZleba vsTqvaT, sruliad daSordnen erTmaneTs. formalurad rac
Seexeba am sakiTxs, ar varT valdebulni vkiTxoT eklesias. eklesias
unda vkiTxoT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is warmomadgeneli iqneba
xalxisa. magram, is ar SeiZleba dRes xalxis warmomadgenlad CaiT­
valos. (mgelaZe: eklesia gamovyoT da mere vilaparakoT!) roca gam­
ovyobT es sxva sakiTxi iqneba, magram faqtiurad eklesia gamoyofi­
li aris imitom, rom mas ara aqvs funqciebi saxelmwifoebrivi. aqvs
iseTi funqcia, rogorc magaliTad, ganqorwineba, rac arxaul funq­
cias warmoadgens da zogierTi saeklesio sasamarTlos funqcia. es
aris Zveli velurobis naSTi. da dRiur wesrigSi unda iyos dasmuli
maTi mospoba da Cqara unda moispos, radganac saxelmwifos ar Seu­
Zlian dauSvas, rom arsebobdes sxva da sxva sasamarTlo, sxva da sxva
funqcia da sxva da sxva kompetencia.
rac Seexeba saeklesio uqmeebs, muSaTa klasi imdenaT ganviTare­
bulia dRes, rom ar gauwevs angariSs im mosazrebas, romelic b-nma
asaTianma wamoayena. is dRes eklesiis demagogias ar ahyveba. xolo
rac Seexeba glexobas, glexebs es sruliaT ar exeba, radganac glexebs
SeuZlianT Tavisuflad imoqmedon da es imaTTvis savaldebulo ar
aris. ise rom, es uqmeebi ar aris Seuracyofa sarwmunoebisa, da ar
Selaxavs Tavisuflebas. da imas visac exeba es, is amas Seurigdeba, da
saTanadoT Seafasebs.
exla am TvalsazrisiT unda ganvixiloT Cven is kiTxva, romelic
Seexeba internacionalis dResaswauls. am internacionalis dResas­
wauls Cven ar vsTvliT savaldebuloT. mxolod imave mosazrebiT,
romelic asaTianma wamoayena _ pativiscema sarwmunoebis Sexeduloba­
ze, unda aiZulos b-ni asaTiani angariSi gauwios muSebis rwmenasac
da sTqvas: Tu ki dRes muSebi Txouloben am internacionalis dResas­
wauls, ar SeiZleba avukrZaloT da uTxraT _ Tumca Sen am interna­
cionals ufro maRla ayeneb, vidre morwmune aRgomas, magram Sen unda

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mobrZande da imuSao. es iqneboda ori sazomi, erTi sazomi eklesiisT­
vis meore muSa klasisTvis. erTi, romelic b-n asaTians surs da uwevs
angariSs, meore _ romelic b-n asaTians ar surs da angariSs ar uwevs.
ori sazomi aq ar unda iyos, da imaTi dapirdapireba aSkaraa, uniada­
go da usafuZvloa is mosazreba, romelic aq wamoayena. ise rom cxa­
dia, es internacionali Cven ar gagvixdia savaldebulo mTel qarT­
vel erisTvis. Cven mxolod dauSviT, rom Tu muSebs ar undaT muSaoba.
SeiZleba idResaswaulos am dRes. SeiZleba, rasakvirvelia, Sexedon
am sakiTxs, rogorc surdaT, imoqmedon ise, rogorc miaCniaT sasur­
velad. magram kanon-proeqti uqmeebis Sesaxeb sruliad misaRebia, da
aravis sarwmunoebas, an Sexedulobas ar Seuracxyofs. piriqiT, is
yvelas aZlevs Tavisuflebas da erTis mxriv aZlevs saSualebas muSa­
Ta klass imoqmedos, da meore mxriv es aris saWiro mrewvelobisTvis,
rom ar iyos auarebeli uqmeebi, romelic mrewvelobas aferxebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. Cawerili aravin gax­
lavT. aq ori komisiis momxsenebli moismineT. maT Soris gansxvaveba
arsebiTi ar aris. proeqti arsebiTad erTi aris. surs Tu ara krebas
gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? vin aris winaaRmdegi? vin aris
momxre? muxlobriv ganxilva miRebuli gaxlavs da saTanado vadis Sem­
deg, gansaxilvelad daubrundeba krebas.
Semdegi:

pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa

sawon-sazom palatis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs asaTians.

al. asaTiani. vaWroba mrewvelobis saministro adgens Semdeg
kanon-proeqts: (kiTxulobs). rogorc xedavT, aam kanon-proeqts, is
sawon-sazomi palata, romelic arsebobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze,
rogorc ruseTis saxelmwifoebriv erTeulis nawili, da romelic
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis damyarebis Semdeg, faqtiurad, gadiq­
ca saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv nawilad, _ dReidan kanonmdeblo­
biTi wesiT, xdeba saqarTvelos sawon-sazom palataT. amitom uwyebas
moTxovnili aqvs saTanado krediti, romelic Seicavs erTis mxriv,
Statebis Sesanax Tanxas, meores mxriv _ im salikvidacio xarks, ro­
melic gamowveuli iqneba, Statebis gareSe darCenil mosamsaxureTa
dakmayofilebiT.
ai es aris vaWroba-mrewvelobis saministros kanon-proeqti.
kanon-proeqti safinanso _ da sabiujeto komisiam savsebiT moiwona.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva zogad msjelobisTvis? aravis. ma­
Sasadame, uyri kenWs, aris Tu ara vinme winaaRmdeg, rom muxlobriv
ganxilvaze gadavideT? maSasadame, saTanado vadis Semdeg gadavalT
muxlobriv ganxilvaze. Semdegi sakiTxi:

91
 zogadi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ sasinjao
sammarTvelos Sesaxeb

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels aleqsandre asaTians.

al. asaTiani. (er.-dem.) vaWroba-mrewvelois saministro adgens
Semdeg kanon-proeqts: (kiTxulobs) gauqmebul iqnes saolqo sasin­
jao... es kanon-proeqti auqmebs ruseTis mmarTvelobis im uwyebas, ro­
melic arsebobda aq, da romelic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRi­
dan iTvleba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv nawilaT.
amisTvis gamoangariSebulia saTanado Tanxa, romelic or nawil­
isagan Sesdgeba. _ erTis mxriv, Statebis Sesanaxavi Tanxidan, da meo­
res mxriv salikvidacio xarjebidan.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri WavWaniZe.
iv. WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, soc. demokratiuli fraqciis
saxeliT unda ganvacxado, rom Cven principialurad araferi gvaqvs
sawinaaRmdego imisa, rom nacvlad winandel dawesebulebisa, dawes­
des saqarTvelos sasinjao dawesebuleba _ saqarTvelos farglebSi.
magram, saqme imaSi aris, rom am kanon-proeqts ar axlavs araviTari
ganmarteba, ise rogorc wina kanon-proeqts, romlis zogadi ganxilva
miviReT. ra aris iseTi masala, romlidanac SeiZlebodes gavigoT Cven,
rogorc iyo winandeli Statebi, ra jamagirebi iyo da sxva.
soc. demokratiuli fraqcia am kanon-proeqts iRebs, rasakvirve­
lia principialurad, magram kategoriulad moiTxovs, rom muxlo­
briv ganxilvis dros, uwyebam warmoadginos masala, raTa mogvces
saSualeba SevadaroT axali Statebi Zvel Statebs, axali jamagirebi
Zvel jamagirebs da es axali Statebi ise miviRoT, da amis da gvarad
gamovitanoT gadawyvetileba.
pirvel ganxilvis dros, rom miviRoT kanon-proeqti, muxlobriv
ganxilvis dros ar SeiZleba, rom ar gvqondes naTlad warmodgeni­
li ra miviReT, da ra ar miviReT. iqneb SesaZlebeli iyos sammarT­
velos gacilebiT meti Semokleba. es unda vicodeT. vimeoreb: so­
cial-demokratiuli fraqcia moiTxovs, rom muxlobriv ganxilvis
dros uwyebam warmoadginos Zveli Statebi da jamagirebi.
Tavmjdomare. moxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. rasakvirvelia es, Tu saWirod miaCnia saoc.-demokra­
tiul fraqcias, samarTliani moTxovnileba aris, rom, vinaidan ar
aris warmodgenili dawvrilebiTi cnobebi Sesaxeb winad arsebuli
Statebisa, rom es cnobebi warmodgenil iqnes. maSin, rasakvirvelia,
SegviZlian ufro kritikiT SevxedoT imas, Tu ramdenaT saWiro aris
am Statebis Semcireba, Tu datoveba. ise ki, TviT ganxilvis dros saf­
inanso komisiam dainaxa, vinaidan es erTgvari minimumi iyo, Statebis
minimumi, amitom ar iyo saWiro es cnobebi mogveTxovna.
aq aris TiTo ufrosi, da ori TanaSemwe. es Cven erTgvar minimu­
maT CavTvaleT, radganac, rac unda patara iyos Statebi, SeuZlebelia

92
TiTo ufross ori TanaSemwe ar hyavdes. amitom safinanso komisiam im
Jamad ar moiTxova es cnobebi.
magram radgan soc.-demokr. fraqcias saWirod miaCnia es, rasak­
virvelia, komisiac ar aris winaaaRmdegi.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri. surs vismes sityva? vin aris winaaRmdeg
muxlobriv ganxilvisa? muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia. Semdegi da
ukanaskneli sakiTxi.

dekreti qalaqis TviTmmarTelobisaTvis aTi milioni

maneTis sesxad micemisa.

diomide TofuriZe. batonebo, Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, Tu ra

Sedegi mohyva finansiur gaWirvebas, romelSiac imyofeboda Cveni qa­
laqis TviT­mmarTveloba.
sami Tvis winad fulis uqonlobis gamo, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelo­
bam ver moaxerxa Tavis droze daekmayofilebina mosamsaxureni, mo­
samsaxureni autanel mdgomareobaSi Cavardnen. mterma isargebla am
pirobiT da gamoiwvia didi arev-dareva qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba­
Si. qalaqis mdgomareoba ar gaumjobesebula, qalaqi isev finansiur
kriziss ganicdis. es _ cxadia da amaze laparaki, me mgoni, arc aris
saWiro. yvela es Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT, da es faqti yvelasTvis
cnobili aris.
magram me vracx Cems Tavs valdebulad mogaxsenoT, rom Tfilisi
dRes metad gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSia xolo misi gaWirveba igive
Cveni respublikis gaWivrebaa. maTi interesebis erTmaneTidan daS­
oreba SeiZleba Teoriulad, meqanikurad, da ara saxelmwifoebrivi
SexedulobiT. rogor mdgomareobaSi qalaqia, iseTive mdgomareobaSi
iqneba saxelmwifoc. Tu Tfilisi ar iqneba rigianaT mowyobili, arc
saxelmwifo iqneb karg mdgomareobaSi. qalaqis gamgeobam, rasakvirve­
lia, unda miiRos yovelgvari zoma, rom gaaumjobesos Tavisi finansi­
uri pirobebi. am zomebs qalaqis gamgeoba Rebulobs, magram mosalod­
neli ar aris dRes, rom es pirobebi SesamCnevad gaumjobesdes.
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom Tfilisi gamonaklis ar Seadgens.
da yvela qalaqebi aseTive gaWivrebas ganicdian. am omis da revoli­
uciis xanaSi, yvelgan _ rogorc ruseTSi ise, sazRvar gared da Cven­
Siac. qalaqebSi erTi da igive pirobebia: qalaqis Semosavali qalaqs
ar hyofnis, rogorc saxelmwifos ar hyofnis misi Semosavali. qalaqic
da saxelmwifoc dRes iZulebulia vali aiRos, da nasesxi fuliT daak­
myofilos aucilebeli saWiroebebi, da amnairaT moawyos Tavis saqmee­
bi. es sakiTxi imdenad martivi, da aSkara aris, rom amaze bevri lapa­
raki da mtkiceba iqneba mxolod dros warTmeva CvenTvis. amitom me
pirdapir gadaval sesxis sakiTxze. qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis sabWos
dadgenilebiT, mimarTa mTavrobas, mTavrobam Seiwynara es Txovna, da

93
daeTanxma, rom qalaqs unda mieces aTi milioni maneTi sesxi. magram am
sesxis micema erTgvar pirobebSi unda moxdes. saxelmwifom sesxi ar
SeiZleba ise gasces, rom ar icodes _ risTvis midis es fuli, da ra
wyaroebiT, an rogor iqneba dafaruli es vali.
mTavrobam erTnairi gza airCia da safinanso-sabiujeto komisia
mas daeTanxma. es gza aseTia: mTavroba im azrisaa, rom aTi milioni
minimumi aris, romelic dRevandel pirobebSi aucilebel saWiroebas
warmoadgens qalaqisaTvis. Cveni komisia da mTavroba scnobs saWiroT,
rom es aTi milioni sesxi mieces aTi wlis vadiT, 5 proc. sargebliT.
da erTi milioni Tavnis yovel wliurad gadaxdiT. aseTia azri Cveni
da Tqven gTxovT, rom amnairi azri SeiwynaroT. es sesxi iqneba erTg­
varad uzrunvelyofili, da es uzrunvelyofa amnairad unda gamoix­
atebodes: qalaqs aqvs qoneba; Zvelad dafasebuli iyo es qoneba 22 mil­
ion maneTad. rasakvirvelia, es 22 milioni iyo dafaseba Semcirebuli,
da am qonebis Rirebuloba maSinac aRemateboda 40-60 milions, dRes ki
es qoneba Rirs, rasakvirvelia, ramdenime asi milioni. ise rom es sesxi,
sruliad uzrunvelyofili iqneba. mgonia, rom mainc saWiro ar aris
rom aseT pirobebSi Tfiliss mieces sesxi, da moeTxovos mas girao.
magram arCeuli gza saxelmwifosTvis ufro xelsayrelia. winadade­
ba mTavrobisa misaRebi aris. dekreti gamoixateba Semdegi formiT:
(kiT­xulobs). aseTi gaxlavs winadadeba, da me safinanso da sabiujeto
komisiis saxeliT vsTxov krebas es dekreti daamtkicos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs asaTians.
al. asaTiani. (erovn.-dem.) me savsebiT veTanxmebi sabiujeto-saf­
inanso komisiis Tavmjdomares, rom Tfilisis qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobis daxmarebis Sesaxeb aq dava ar unda iyos. magram me vfiqrob, rom
yovelgvari aseTi daxmareba unda iyos winaswar awonil-dawonili da
savsebiT gamorkveuli. saqme exeba milionebs. uwinares yovlisa, miuxe­
davaT imisa, rom qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba dids gasaWirSi aris, es
dekreti moiTxovda mets damuSavebas da metis masalis warmodgenas
sakanonmdeblo organoSi.
Cven viciT, rom qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas didi vali aqvs, misi
vali ramdenadac viciT, 3 milionze metia, da exla Tu aT milion vals
aiRebs _ iqneba 43 milioni vali. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tbiliss didi
qoneba aqvs, es mainc didi vali aris qalaqisTvis.
meore mxriv, Cven vxedavT, rom qalaqis meurneoba ar aris saTana­
dod mowyobili da am meurneobis yvela dargebi metad areul dareu­
li da awewil-dawewili aris. Cven vxedavT, rom qalaqis quCebi, romlis
gakeTebaze mravali milioni daixarja Zvelad, saTanadod movlili ar
aris, da es marto imas ki ar niSnavs, rom qalaqis mcxovreblebi amiT
Seviwrovebuli arian, es niSnavs imas, rom qalaqis kapitali, qalaqis
qoneba, romelic warmoadgens dids Rirebulebas, saTanadod movlili
ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTsave mdgomareobaSi aris tramvai, ese­
vea wyalsadeni da sx. es didi Rirebulebis sameurneo dargebi saTana­

94
dod SekeTebas da movlas moklebuli, iRupebian. SesaZlebelia cota
xnis Semdeg isini sruliad uvargisi Seiqmnen da saWiro gaxdes axlad
gaSeneba tramvaisa, wyalsadenisa, quCebis da sxva. Tu maTi SekeTeba
ver mogvixerxebia, aba amas vin SesZlebs? rasakvirvelia, es erTi mxriv
aixsneba im finansiur gaWirebiT, romelSic qalaqi imyofeba, magram
meore mxriv es aixsneba imiT, rom saqalaqo meurneoba swor safuZvel­
ze ar aris dayenebuli. Cven viciT, rom tramvais vagonebis ricxvi di­
dad aris Semcirebuli, magram aramc Tu imodenaTve aramed sruliad
ar aris Semcirebuli tramvais mosamsaxureTa Statebi. aseTive mdgo­
mareoba aris sxva dargebSi, da rodesac saxelmwifo sakanonmdeblo
organo, winad parlamenti, da exla damfuZnebeli kreba yovelgvar
RonisZiebas Rebulobs imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifos aparati yovel
dargSi Semcirebuli, da Semoklebuli iyos, vinaidan saxelmwifos ar
ZaluZs iseTi rTuli aparatis Senaxva, me vfiqrob qalaqis TviTmmarT­
velobam aseTive zomebi unda miiCnios savaldebulo Tavis gasaval
biujetis Sesamcireblad. aq safinanso komisiis Tavmjdomarem mogax­
senaT, rom safinanso komisiam yovelgvari zomebi miiRo, rom es sesxi
iyos marTlac da sesxi, rom is xazinas savsebiT daubrundes. vfiqrob,
rom es srulebiT ar aris uzrunvelyofili. Tu miviRebT mxedvelo­
baSi im vals, romelic qalaqs aqvs, me ar vici, ra wyaroebiT unda ga­
daixados qalaqma am axal sesxSi wliurad TiTo milioni. amis pasuxs
momxsenebeli ar iZleva. Tu dRevandeli mdgomareoba am meurneobisa
ise darCa, rogorc aris, Tu es axali Tanxac sul moxmarda qalaqis
auarebeli Statebis Senaxvas, im Statebis, romlis rTuli meqanizmi
sruliad ar Seefereba qalaqis dRevandel finansiurs da ekonomiurs
mdgomareobas, Cven ar viciT, ra manqanebiT SeuZlian qalaqs Tavisi
valebis dafarva. vSiSobT, rom is kidev axali Tanxebis TxovniT mi­
adgeba damfuZnebel krebas. valis dabrunebas, rom Tavi davaneboT,
isic ar aris uzrunvelyofili, rom aTi milionis sesxis micema qalaq­
is TviTmmarTvelobisTvis saTanadod gaaumjobesebs qalaqis finansi­
ur mdgomareobas, da daayenebs iseT Roneze, romlis Semdeg mas See­
Zleba sakuTari ZalebiT arseboba.
rasakvirvelia, arsebiTad, principialurad sawinaaRmdego ara
maqvs qalaqis daxmarebaze, magram vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti,
romelic Seexeba aTi milionis daxmarebas, usaTuod meti masalebiT
iyos Sevsebuli. Cven unda gagvacnon qalaqis safinanso gegmebs, rom
sakanonmdeblo organo yovel mxriv Seexos saqmes da TviTve ukarnaxos
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, ra RonisZieba unda ixmaros man, rom es
didi sesxi gamarTlebuli iyos, rom am daxmarebam arsebiTad gaaum­
jobesos qalaqis mdgomareoba. amitom es dekreti unda daubrundes
isev safinanso komisias, romelic ufro vrclad moiTxovs masalebs
samoqalaqo meurneobis Sesaxeb da ufro vrclad ganixilavs pirobebs,
romlebic saWiro aris sesxis micemisTvis.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs oniaSvils.

95
 daviT oniaSvili. me minda, batonebo, ramdenime sityviT gadmog­
ceT soc.-dem. fraqciis mosazreba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb. Cveni fraqcia
principialurad winaaRmdegia am gvar sesxis gaRebisa, imitom, rom
aseTi sesxiT SeuZlebelia TviTmmarTvelobis saqmeebis mowesrigeba.
Cveni azriT, es aris erTgvari paliativi, romelic gamowveulia qa­
laqis finansebis kritikul mdgomareobiT. miuxedavaT aseT principi­
alur Sexedulebisa, Cveni fraqcia mainc mxars uWers am kanon-proeqts,
radganac igi angariSs uwevs Cveni deda qalaqis saSinel gaWirvebul
mdgomareobas. aq naTqvami iyo, rom am kanon-proeqts unda hqonoda
meti dasabuTeba da masala. rasakvirvelia, es TavisTavad ase unda yo­
filiyo, magram am sakiTxis Sesaxeb bevri Tqmula da dawerila.
Cven viciT, rom Tfilisis qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba katastro­
fis winaSe imyofeba, da es katastrofiuli mdgomareoba gamowveulia
ara im pirebis moqmedebiT, romelnic mis saTaveSi imyofebian, aramed
saerTaSoriso ekonomiur krizisiT. Tqven iciT, rogor daeca fulis
kursi. maSin, rodesac wined asi da orasi maneTi akmayofilebda moxe­
les, dRes aTasi maneTic ar hyofnis mas.
normalur pirobebSi, rasakvirvelia, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas
SeeZlo municipalur warmoebis gaCaRebiT eSova cxovrebis saxsari, ma­
gram dRes Cven ara normalur pirobebSi vcxovrobT. amitom Cveni fraq­
cia Sedis qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mdgomareobaSi da mxars uWers am
kanon-proeqts. amasTanave s.d. fraqcia gamosTqvams rwmenas, rom qalaq­
is TviTmmarTveloba Seecdeba gaaorkecos Tavisi muSaoba da mxneoba.
Cveni sataxto qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba unda gaxdes sxva qalaqebi­
sTvis misabaZ magaliTad. Cven yvelam mSvenivrad viciT, rom Tfilisi
dauSreteli wyaroa simdidrisa. am simdidres unda didi eqspluata­
cia da Tu Cveni qalaqi gamoiCens energias me darwmunebuli var, rom
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas aRarc dasWirdeba momavalSi aseTi sesxi.
aseTia mosazreba da Sexeduleba s.d. fraqciisa am sakiTxis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Rlonts.
Tevdore Rlonti. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno, Cven am sakiTxs ufro sxvanai­
rad vuyurebT vidre e.-d. da s.-d.
pativcemulma b. oniaSvilma aq principialuri azri gamosTqva sa­
zogadod saxelmwifo sesxis Sesaxeb qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas roca
aZlevs.
Cveni azri ki is iyo, rom Cven fraqcias miaCnia erTad-erT um­
Tavres saqmed da miznad is, rom saxelmwifos xazinis saSualebiT
rogorme mogvardes qalaqis sameurneo cxovreba. Cveni azri amis Ses­
axeb ufro garkveulia. Cven mWidro kavSirs, organiul kavSirs vqm­
niT sazogadoebriv da saxelmwifoebriv dawesebulebaTa Soris. maT
muSaobas SeTanxmebulad vcnobT. amnairad, sruliad ar gveucxoeba is
azri, rodesac saxelmwifos xazina aZlevs sesxs qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobas. piriqiT, Cven vambobT, saxelmwifos xazinam unda misces sakmao
Tanxa, yovelgvar sazogadoebriv organizacias, iqneba es samoqalaqo

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dawesebuleba, Tu saerobo dawesebuleba, rom amiT fexi moikidos im
sawarmoo Zalam, romelic sofelSi da qalaqSiac xdeba umaRles fuZeT
saxelmwifoisa. am mosazrebiT es sakiTxi Cven ar gvakvirvebs. igi Cven
migvaCnia normalur movlenad, da amitom mxars dauWerT, rodesac
saxelmwifo daexmareba sxva da sxva saqalaqo da saerobo dawesebule­
bebs. magram, rodesac es sakiTxi ase iWreba, rodesac Cven ese uyurebT
am sakiTxs, amave dros mas aqvs Tavisi konkretiuli forma. Cven va­
ZlevT daxmarebas saxelmwifos dawesebulebebs, vaZlevT yovelgvar
Tanxas, imitom, rom ganviTardes meurneoba da sazogadod sawarmoo
kultura. me ar vici am mxriv tfil. qlaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mox­
seneba, imitom, rom dawvrilebiTi moxseneba s.-f. fraqcias ar miuRia,
isic viciT, rom Zalian naCqarevad aris es dekreti Semotanili, da
arc moxsenebidan sCans ra safuZveli udevs am sesxs. Tumca momxsene­
belma ganacxada, rom Cven vaZlevT am Tanxas, magram isic gvaqvs war­
modgenili, rom saWiroa garantiebi aseT Tanxis gasacemad, magram
raSi gamoixateba mizani aseT garantiisa ufro dawvrilebiT ar aris
gadmocemuli. ar aris gadmocemuli imitom, rom am saqmes esaWiroeba
dawvrilebiTi, detaluri moxsenebis warmodgena da detalur saqmis
ganxilva. magram es detalizacia am sakiTxisa damfuZnebel krebis wi­
naSe ar aris. da me mgoni es ki aucilebeli pirobebi aris sesxis seri­
ozulad gaRebisa da misi kvlav kargad mogvarebisa.
me vacxadeb, rodesac, 2 milionis Tanxis sakiTxi idga saqarTve­
los parlamentis winaSe, Cven maSin vambobdiT, qalaqis TviTmmarTv­
elobas hgonia, rom es ori milioni Tanxa miscems im saxsars, romlis
saSualebiT ramdenime xnis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba aRar dasWirdes
saxelmwifos sesxis Txovna. magram, rogorc viciT, didi xani ar gasu­
la da xuT imdenive Tanxas Txoulobs qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba. rom
es iqnebodes erTi iseTi Zala, romelic gaajansaRebda qalaqis TviTm­
marTvelobis meurneobas, rom es gamoiwvevdes, imas rac aRniSna da sa­
survelad miaCnia amxanag daviT oniaSvils, aq ori azris Tqma yovlad
SeuZlebeli iqneboda am dekretis Sesaxeb. magram Cven vfiqrobT, rom
rodesac vinme, romelime survils gamosTqvams, es ufro detalurad
unda iyos warmodgenili, Cven veraferi ver gavigeT amxanag oniaSvi­
lis programidan. „unda saqmeebi moagvaros, energia gamoiCinos, we­
siereba da sxva da sxva“, _ es araviTar programas ar Seicavs. Tqven,
rom uTxraT qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas unda imuSaoTo, qalaqs rom
mosTxovoT iq didiZali simdidrea da utilizacia aris saWiro sim­
didrisa, es iseTis zogadis ramis gamocxadebaa, zogadi ramis Tqmaa,
romlis gamocxadeba ara mgonia saWiro iyos damfuZnebel krebis kaT­
edridan mainc.
amitom Cveni umTavresi movaleoba aris uTxraT qalaqis TviTm­
marTvelobas am tribunidan, ra wesiT, rogor unda movagvaroT ase­
Ti simdidris saqme ise, rom marTlac es gaxdes wyaro sazogadoebriv
saqmeTa mosawyobad. ra mniSvneloba eqneba imas, rom qalaqis TviTm­

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marTvelobas 20-milionis qoneba aqvs, magas TavisTavad araviTari
mniSvneloba ar eqneba, imitom, rom Cven unda SevxedoT saqmes ara
qonebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed im qonebis Semosavlis Tvalsazris­
iT. ras warmoadgens am qonebis Semosavali, ra adgili uWiravs mis
warmoebas. Tu qonebas am mxriv SevxedavT es ver gaamarTlebs qalaq­
is meurneobas. Cven exla mivcemT 10 milions, gaivlis ramdenime xani,
Cven kidev mivcemT 10 milions da rodesac dagiravebuli mamulebi, es
safuZveli qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis ndobisa, gamoecleba maSin qa­
laqis TviTmmarTveloba raRas ityvis? rodesac qalaqis TviTmmarT­
veloba midis bankebTan, eubnebian: Tqven fuls ver mogcemTo, adgi­
lobriv burJuaziis warmomadgenlebma ician, rom qalaqs aqvs qoneba,
magram miuxedavad amisa mainc ar aZleven sesxs. me darwmunebuli var,
da vici ratom ar aZleven qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas sesxs burJua­
ziis warmomadgenelni: imitom, rom qalaqs SeuZlian 5-6% misces da
Cveni burJuazia ki dainteresebuli aris safinanso spekuliaciiT,
mas unda ara 5-6%-ti aramed 100-200-300%. magram garda am interese­
bisa, burJuazias SeuZlian meore interesi wamoayenos, isini xedaven,
rom aseTi sistema mmarTvelobisa ar qmnis iseT warmoebas, romelic
% gaumjobesebs.
nu Tu saxelmwifos ar unda ainteresebdes, rogor iqneba qalaqis
meurneoba mowyobili, marTlac SesZlebs Tu ara qalaqisagan saxel­
mwifom ainazRuros misi sesxi. me am SemTxvevaSi didi urwmuno Toma
var, vambob, rom ver ganaxorcielebs qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba Tavis
dapirebas, da verc saxelmwifo Seasrulebs Tavis moTxovnilebas. ig­
ive wminda azri, rom saxelmwifos da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis
Soris didi urTierToba aris, rom saxelmwifo dainteresebuli aris
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis keTil-dReobiT _ es umaRlesi Cveni poli­
tikaa da sxva mosazrebebi kvlav warmogidgebaT, erTi wlis Semdeg
maSin, rodesac qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba fuls ver Semoitans saxel­
mwifos xazinaSi. am mosazrebiT Cven gadavdebT im vadebs, SeiZleba
ver avinazRauroT, da verc aviRoT es Tanxa. ase, rom moxdes siste­
matiurad da periodulad, _ ver moxerxdeba, es iqneba Tavsatexeli,
rogorc TviTmmarTvelobisTvis, ise saxelmwifosTvis, me vityvi dam­
fuZnebel krebisTvis da am damfuZnebel krebis Semdgom dawesebule­
bebisTvis, romelic iqneba am damfuZnebel krebis Semdeg.
yvela am mosazrebis gamo, Cven vambobT, araviTar did raime cvl­
ilebis moxdena am TanxiT qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas ar SeuZlian, im­
itom, rom qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis sameurneo sistema arsebiTad
yalb niadagze sdgas. mas ar SeuZlian exlandel meurneobis sistema,
romeli pirovnebac ar unda Casdges saTaveSi qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobisa, energiuli muSaoba gaaCaRos. me pativcemul momxseneblisa­
gan da pativcemul b. oniaSvilisagan movelodi amas, da aucileblad,
saWiro iyo, rom am mxriT Sexebodnen sakiTxs. moqalaqeno, daTvur sam­
saxurs uweven, rodesac iluzias qmnian „Sen oRond energia gamoaCine

98
da am sesxs gaviRebTo“. Cven am iluzias, am utopias ar uqmniT qalaqis
TviTmmarTvelobas da veubnebiT, _ exlandel politikur pirobebSi
verafris gakeTebas ver SesZlebT, magram Tqven dahkargavT ndobas,
ukve dakarguli gaqvT ndoba jer spekuliantebSi, magram SeiZleba
ndoba dakargoT saxelmwifos TvalSiac, imitom rom es qoneba gadava
sxvis gankargulebaSi da Semdeg safuZveli, e.i. garantia rom Semcir­
deba milionebs veRar miiRebT. amitom me mgoni, Cveni mosazreba er­
Tad erTi aris. marTalia qalaqSi simdidrea, rogorc amxanagma, dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrma oniaSvilma aRniSna, aris simdidre, magram am
simdidres didZali muSaoba esaWiroeba, didZal sargeblobas aZlevs
adgilobriv wreebs, gansakuTrebiT burJuaziul wreebs. me vekiTxe­
bi qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebs, vinc am sesxs icavs,
ra azrisa arian am sesxis aRebaze, ra azrisa arian im simdidris am
mxriv gamoyenebisa, rom es midiodes ara kerZo vaWrebis jibeSi, ro­
melic ndobis TvaliT ar uyureben TviTmmarTvelobas da ar aZleven
sesxs, TiTon burJuazia rogor uyurebs am simdidris utilizacias,
rogor fiqrobs, ra warmoebas qmnian CvenSi, rom misma Semosavalma
dafaros es sesxi, exla aRebuli? es Cven Zalian gvesaWiroeba imitom,
rom marTlac vicodeT, qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba iluziiT ikvebe­
ba, romliTac gaJRenTili aris b. oniaSvili, Tu mas sxva mosazrebe­
bi aqvs. qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba municipalur programaze arafers
mogaxsenebT, imitom rom aseTi municialuri programa sazogadod ev­
ropis s.-d. mier miRebuli, karga xania daviwyebulia adgilobriv s.-d.
mier. karga xania Cven s.-d. municipalur programas araviTari kavSiri
ara aqvs sazogadod evropis municipalur programasTan.
amisTvis s.-d. aqvs agred wodebuli obieqturi mosazrebebi,
aseT obieqtur mosazrebebiT yvelafers amarTlebs, yvela pirobebs,
yvela mxares. erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi es obieqturi pirobebi, ar
Seicvalen? es obieqturi pirobebi Secvlili aris Tu ara, me mgoni,
rom Secvlili unda iyos es obieqturi pirobebi im mxriv mainc, rom
s.-d. municipalur programas, platformas mainc mieqces yuradReba,
da odnav mainc gadadgas nabiji. (xma: mainc) diax mainc, imitom rom ex­
landel pirobebSi niadags waarTmevs da isedac Rarib saxelmwifos
xazinas kidevac ufro gaaRaribebs. Tqven kargad iciT, Tu ras niSnavs
saxelmwifos xazinisTvis 10 milioni, da gansxvaveba imaSi ki ar aris
Cven da Tqven Soris, rom Cven ar vaZlevT fuls mTavrobas. ara, Cven
vaZlevT fuls mTavrobas, magram veubnebiT, Tqven es fuli gamoiyeneT
swored ise, rom Semosavali, rom warmoeba, meurneoba Sehqmna, rom
rac SeiZleba met muSas misceT saqme da es Semosavli Sevides saxelm­
wifos salaroSi da ara burJuaziul salaroSi; meore gansxvaveba Cven
da Tqven Soris, marto dRevandel dRezea. Cven ki vfiqrobT, rogorc
dRevandel dReze ise momavalze. Cven rasac exla vambobT, vamobdiT
2 milionis maneTis sesxzed. b. oniaSvili im azrze ar idga, rac azri
gamosTqva exla. me vekiTxebi b. oniaSvils, ra azri aqvs mis sityvas,

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rodesac darwmunebuli aris imaSi, rom mas agreTive sityva moundeba
4-5 Tvis Semdeg. amitom kargi iqneboda damfuZnebeli kreba ar mihyves
aseTi utopiur planebs, iluzias, zogierTi deputatis Seqmnils, da
ufro konkretulad daayenon saqme. movTxovoT qalaqis TviTmmarTve­
lobas ufro detaluri programa, Tu rogor surs qalaqis TviTmmarT­
velobas am 10 milionis gamoyeneba. Tu es 10 milioni wava imisTvis, rom
ar moxdes qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis mosamsaxureTa Soris gaficva,
an da am sesxs miznad aqvs dasaxuli _ milicias jamagiri mieces, Tu
miznad aqvs saadministracio interesebi daicvas. me ar vambob, rom
saintereso ar iyos es, es sainteresoa, magram sesxi imisTvis, rom um­
Tavresad es sesxi moxmardes saadministracio meqanikas, me vambob ise­
Tive meqanikas gamoiwvevs rogoric dResac aris. saerTod ki, rogorc
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, ise saxelmwifos meqanikas daazaralebs.
me ar SemiZlia ar avRnusxo, rom rodesac socialistebi ar visxediT
parlamentSi da damfuZnebel krebebSi, rodesac romelime qalaqis
TviTmmarTveloba Semoitanda aseT kanon-proeqts, Cven erTi sakiTxi
gvqonda: yvela qalaqebis da mTavrobis mesveurebisadmi, Tqven es gin­
daT administraciis aparatisTvis mxolod, Cven ki vambobT, Cven gvin­
da es ekonomiur ganviTarebisTvis, Cven gvinda sameurneo wyaroebis
gajansaRebisaTvis. exla es SekiTxva, CvenTvis savsebiT ZalaSi rCeba.
CvenTvis marTlac, es umTavres, interesebisTvis, es administraciis
meqanikisTvis aris saWiro, Tu sameurneo meqanizmis mogvarebisTvis?
me frCxilebs gavxsni: rodesac oniaSvili eubneboda qalaqis TviTm­
marTvelobas, rom mas gamoeCina mxneoba, me usurvebdi, rom mas mxneoba
gamoeCina ara marto imaSi, rom administratiuli aparati yvelnaird
moewyo, aramed mxneoba gamoeCina imaSi, rom rac Seexeba mis sameurneo
aparats gaefarToebina.
Cven ki viciT, rom 2-3 wlis ganmavlobaSi tfilisis qalaqis TviT­
mmarTvelobas araferi gaukeTebia Tu ar Seumcirebia misi sameurneo
aparati, gindac, rom aviRoT sursaTis mxriv, sruli damarcxebiT dam­
Tavrda qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobisTvis. arc erTi dargi meurneobisa
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam ar gaafarTova. (xma: sxvagan!)
Cveni ubedoba swored imaSia, rom yvelaferi daxmarebiT Tavdeba,
da qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenelni, imaSi xedaven xsnas,
rom sxvagan, rogor mogvarda, magram gana ese SeiZleba sakiTxis day­
eneba. Tu es aris gasamarTleba, maSin mogaxsenebT, amis mixedviT Sei­
Zleba (xmauroba) (ar ismis), me sxva rames getyviT, inglisSi loid jor­
jma pirdapir gnacxada Cven unda wavarTvaT mtarvalTa Semosavlis
wyaroT, misi qoneba, misi rkinis gza da miwa. Cven es gavigoneT social­
istebis warmomadgenlebis mxriv saqarTveloSi. ai aseTi politika Tu
gindaT inglisSi (xmauroba, xma: movaxdinoT socializacia!) marTla
erT rames getyviT. 1848 wels burJuaziis erTma warmomadgenelma
sTqva, rim Cven arc iseTi, mSiSareebi varT, rom socializmis dros
savsebiT gaveriyoT cxovrebas da veraferi ver gavawyoT, veraferi

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gavakeTod imdeni mainc, ramdensac akeTeben Cveulebriv dros. nu Tu
Tavis uZlurobis ZaliT ise arian gamsWvalulni burJuaziis warmo­
madgenelni, CvenSi, rom maT aSinebT socialuri warmodgena, social­
izmis xseneba. Cven vambobT socializmis xseneba an socializacia ara­
viTari ubeduroba ar aris imisTvis, visac SeuZlian Sroma da Sromis
mixedviT cxovreba, imisTvis socializacia araviTar saSinelebas ar
warmoadgens. rac Seexeba damfuZnebel krebis wevris eliavas SekiTx­
vas, sxvagan rogor ariso, me movagoneb, Tu gind veimaris damfuZnebel
krebas. aq aris umTavresi gegemonia Seidemanisa, da Seidamani iseTive
xalxia, rogorc aris Cveni s. demokratia, ai, rogorc menSevikebi,
da arian oportunistebi, maT iseTive Tviseba aqvT rogorc aq menSe­
vikebs. (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad Tu SeiZleba mouaxlovdeT sakiTxs. (xmau­
roba zari). gTxovT nu laparakobT adgilidan.
Rlonti. me vambob am sesxebze, rom es sesxebi sistematiurad ar
darCes iq, saxelmwifom mimarTa socialistur politikas, social­
istur meurneobas da damfuZnebel krebam germaniisa, ai am saqalaqo
meurneobaSi mimarTa swored aseT politikas. me ar vici nacion­
al-demokratebi dasjerdebian amas Tu ara, magram aq ukve ganacxades
miwis socializacia? aseTi oficialuri gancxadeba maTi da SeiZleba,
da Tu aseT rgoliviT Semogvertya aseTice socialisturi zolebi,
SeiZleba aseTive gzas bolos mimarTos sami Tvis Semdeg yvelam. me ki
vambob, umjobesia paralelurad am gziT exlave viaroT, vidre miva­
CanCalebdeT am saqmes... (xmauroba. xma: afTiaqis socializacia!).
Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT, nu inebebT laparaks adgi­
lidan.
Rlonti. Tu qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam afTiaqis socializacie­
bi moaxdina, me getyviT, rom saqmeSi did sargeblobas naxavs, imitom,
rom yovel SemTxvevaSi ar aris saeWvo, rom rogorc afTiaqebi, Tu
gind sastumroebis saqmes mogvarebac xels ar SeuSlis imas, rom qa­
laqis TviTmmarTvelobam sargebloba naxos da demokratias misces
ufro sufTa da higienuri binebi. es yvelaze ufro advili mosagva­
rebeli saqmea, magram rasakvirvelia, Cven qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas
am saqmisTvis ar scalia da is amas yuradRebas ar aqcevs. ai swored is,
rom es sakiTxi wamovayene, rodesac damfuZebel krebis wevrni niniZe
misvams sakiTxs ras akeTebs qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobao? me vambob,
rodesac qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba sesxs Txoulobs, qalaqis TviTm­
marTveloba ras akeTebs. Cven gvainteresebs misi programa, gagvacnos
ras akeTebs? am mxriv pirvel moTxovnilebis saqmeSi ras akeTebs, ras
akeTebs vaWrobis samkurnaloebis Sesaxeb, ras akeTebs sastumroebis
Sesaxeb, ras akeTebs samoqalaqo miwebis Sesaxeb, ras akeTebs saqalaqo
skolebis Sesaxeb, Cven es sakiTxi gvainteresebs. Cven moveliT, rom
qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba gamova da Tavis municipalur socialis­
tur programas gadagviSlis. Cven ki moviTxovdiT amis cxovrebaSi

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gatarebas, Cveni partiis patara ZaliT, mxolod Tqven partiis didi
ZaliT am saqmes Rirseulad Sesrulebas, da am saqmis marTlac ganx­
orcielebas, im azriT, romelic Cven mogvawoda damfuZnebel krebis
wevrma oniaSvilma, magram, romelmac ganxorcielebis programaSi
lamazi sityvebiT damala.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli. unda mogaxsenoT, rac aq iTqva CemTvis axals arafers
ar warmoadgens.
am kiTxvis Sesaxeb mec damiweria da milaparakia, wamikiTxavs,
bevri ram, magram yvela amaze laparaks zogierTiviT ar daviwyeb. me
miCveuli var, rodesac kiTxva aris damdgari, kiTxvaze vilaparako,
SevzRudo Cemi ena da energia imiT, rac pirdapir saWiroa da Seexeba
sagans.
me ar minda davemgzavso iseT Segirds, romelsac ginaziaSi raime
Temas miscemen da is yvelaferze ilaparakebs, garda imisa, rac Seexeba
pirdapir Temas; aseTi Cveuleba gimnaziaSiac ar mqonia da arc am tri­
bunaze gamoviCen aseT Cveulebas. amitom bodiSs vixdi, bevr sagans Tu
davtoveb upasuxod, magram kiTxvis zogierT mxareze, romlis Sesaxeb
aq iyo laparaki, mec vilaparakeb. me ar megona, rom saWiro iyo erTg­
vari dapirispireba. sesxis saWiroebisa da quCis cud mdgomareobisa.
Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom quCa aq ki ara, dedamiwis zurgze, sadac ki
omi iyo, quCebis mowyobaze kacobriobas ar scaloda. Cven swored arc
saSualeba gvaqvs da arc dro, arc xalxi gvyavs, rom quCebs rigianad
mouaroT. magram es imas ki ar niSnavs, rom Cven gvegonos, rom quCebis
movla saWiro araa.
magram raze gviTiTebs, ras gviwunebs b. Rlonti.
igi laparakobs imis Sesaxeb, rom sesxi unda aviRoT imisTvis, rom
raRac usaTuod gavaumjobesoT, rom warmoeba davayenoT fexze da
sxva. b. Rlonti ufro specialurad ekonomiur kiTxvebze swers lapa­
rakobs. man unda mSvenivrad icodes Tu ramdenad mosaxerxebelia es
qalaqisTvis ki ara, saxelmwifosTvisac. didi warmoebis mowyoba da
dayeneba saTanado donezed dRes SeuZlebelia, da saidan iSovis b.
Rlonti im Tanxebs, im mcodne kacebs, romelnic aucilebel saWiroe­
bas warmoadgens mrewvelobis mosawyobad. man kargad icis, gazeTebSi­
ac amazed xSirad sweren, magasac waukiTxia da kargad icis, rom yvela
es isea, rogorc mogaxseneT, da me ar vici, ratom wagvarTva dro us­
argeblo da umizno laparakiT.
TviT qalaqis qoneba ki ara, Semosavali unda iyos garantia sesx­
isao. es anbanuri WeSmarteba aris, es yvelam icis da amis ganmeoreba
zedmetia, magram ramdenad es Seexeba am moments, es yovlad usafu­
Zloa. Tu warmoeba ar gvaqvs, Tu mTeli saxelmwifo mxolod valebiT
sazrdoobs, Tu qalaqi iZulebulia TiTqmis mxolod valiT gaasworos
Tavisi angariSebi, ra safuZvliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom dRes real­
uri garantia SeiZleba mivceT da marTla davamtkicoT, rom vali

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daniSnul droze iqneba gadaxdili Semosavlidan. mxolod principi­
alurad, rad unda iqnes warmoTqmuli erTi mosazreba: qalaqma unda
ganacxdos da is acxadebs kidec, rom is vals gadixdis Semosavlidan.
magram ramodenadac is SesZlebs momaval wlebSi gaamarTlos Tavis
valdebuleba, es ar vici da arc SeiZleba vicodeT, rodesac Cven ar
viciT kacobrioba da Cveni cxovreba, Cveni warmoeba rodis Cadgeba
normalur pirobebSi. Cven SegveZleba gamoviangariSoT, gaviTvalis­
winoT da TiTon Rlontma SeiZleba warmogvidginos cxrilebi, ro­
dis, rogor qalaqi gadaixdis vals. ai am dros iseT mdgomareobaSi
Cadgeba xalxi, rom mas eqneba saSualeba Tavisi vali Semosavlidan ga­
daixados, magram jer aseTi niadagi ar aris, es masala ar arsebobs da,
maSasadame, aseT algebraiul mcnebas, veravin gaarkvevs. maSasadame
amaze laparaki mxolod wylis nayva iqneba. aq Tqves garantia usaTuod
Semosavali unda iyoso. rasakvirvelia, saerToT es marTalia, magram
es imas ki ar niSnavs, rom Tu Semosavals ar mogcemT, qoneba garantiaT
ar CaiTvleba. aq iyo naTqvami, _ Tu qonebas mivcemT garantiaT, maSin
gavkotrdebiT da qalaqi dahkargavs ndobaso. qonebis dagiraveba ar
niSnavs, rom am qonebis meorejer dagiravebiT sesxs veRar aviRebT.
qonebis dagiraveba SeiZleba, ramdonimejer Tu qonebis Rirebuleba
amisaTvis safuZvels gvaZlevs. Tu b. Rlonts TiTon ar esmis misi amx­
anagebi iuristebi aswalian, rom qalaqs araviTari is saSiSroeba ar
moelis, rac man aq sTqva.
vis ugiravebs qalaqi? ugiravebs saxelmwifos, ese igi ugiravebs
nawili erTeuls, da aq SiSze, gakotrebaze laparaki zedmeti aris, da
aseTi laparaki mxolod uSinaarso frazebia. rac Seexeba loid-jor­
jis sityvas is WeSmaritia da mSvenieri, mxolod inglisisTvis, sad­
ac didi warmoebaa da warmoebas Semosavali aqvs, iq marTlac Semo­
savalze laparaki SeiZleba. CvenSi ki, sadac ori qarxanac ar aris,
lloid-jorjis azriT saxelmZRvaneloT wamoyeneba umiznoT si­
tyvebis wamosrolaa, uniadago da usafuZvlo laparakia. maSasadane,
lloid-jorjis sityva mSvenieri iyo inglisisTvis, magram aq, Cven
vfiqrobT Cven finansTa ministrs an b. Jordanias, rom gaemeorebina
imisi azri, maSin (ar ismis) maTi sityvebi sruliad uniadago iqneboda.
rac Seexeba imas, rom aris Tu ara qalaqis mier saWiro masala war­
modgenili, amis Sesaxeb me unda mogaxsenoT, rogorc qalaqis sabWos
wevri da ekonomiuri mdgomareobasTan ase Tu ise gacnobili, me unda
mogaxsenoT, rom amis Sesaxeb msjeloba iyo, yvelaferi es gaTvalis­
winebulia da marTla warmodgenili aris. masalebSi gaTvaliswinebu­
lia, risTvis, rogor da ra pirobebSi iqneba sesxi moxmarebuli, aq
aris aRniSnuli da naCvenebi dawvrilebiT, risTvis aris es sesxi. yve­
la mis Semdeg me iseve ubrundebi Cems Txovnas da vTxov krebas miiRos
es dekreti, romlis dasacavad me aq gamovedi.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad, zogadi msjeloba dasrulebulia. gTxovT,­
waikiTxoT dekretis saTauri.

103
 momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs saTaurs da Semdeg pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis oniaSvils.
daviT oniaSvili. s.-d. fraqciis saxeliT Semomaqvs Semdegi Ses­
woreba: pirvel muxlSi amoiSalos sityvebi: „amisTvis gaexsnas mTav­
robas Sesaferi krediti“ da samagierod daematos meore muxlad
(kiTxulobs). gaexsnas mTavrobas 10 mil. maneTis krediti pirvels
muxlSi aRniSnul sesxis gasacemad. dekretis meore muxli gadakeTdes
mesame muxlad.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva? momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. s.-d. fraqciis mier Semotanili Sesworeba me misaRe­
bad mimaCnia, radganac is azrs ar scvlis, ufro martivad gamosTqvams
imave azrs.
Tavmjdomare. me kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi s.-d. fraqciis
Sesworebisa? Sesworeba miRebulia da maSasadame, pirvel muxlidan
amoiSaleba sityvebi (kiTxulobs) da meore muxlad Caemateba Semdegi
(kiTxulobs), gTxovT waikiTxoT mesame muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls. muxli kenWis yriT miRe­
bulia).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad dekretisa?
dekreti miRebulia da gadaecema safinanso komisias.
axla gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi sxdomis wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

soc.-dem. da s.-r. fraqciis gancxadebani.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs) „soc.-demokratiuli fraqcia wi­nadadebas

iZleva arCeul iqnes agrarul komisiaSi e. sirbilaZe da s. axmetel­
aSvili. nacvlad l. kiRuraZisa, romelmac uari ganacxada, da gansven­
ebul r. CixlaZisa.
2. imave fraqciisa: „fraqcia winadadebas iZleva arCe­ul iqnes
TviTmmarTvelobis komisiaSi k. panievi, nacvlad i. WavWaniZisa, ro­
melmac uari ganacxada.
soc.-dem. fraqciis mdivani g. faRava.“
3. social-revoliucionerTa: „damfuZnebel krebis soc.-revoli­
uc. fraqcias aqvs pativi gacnoboT, rom safinanso-sabiujeto komisi­
aSi igzavneba grigol naTaZis nacvlad ilia nucubiZe.
soc.-revoliuc. fraqciis Tavmjdomare l. Sengelaia.
mdivani g. naTaZe“.
Tavmjdomare. sxdomas vxurav.
sxdoma naSuadRevis 2 saaTsa da 15 wuTze ixureba.

104
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdamexuTe sxdoma

1919 weli. ivnisis 10. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris am­xanagi

eqvTime TayaiSvili.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe da
konstantine jafariZe
sxdoma iwyeba SuadRis 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur
wesrigs.

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs). 1. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti

dekretisa _ saqonlis WirTan sabrZolvelad 1.500,000 man. gadadebis
Sesaxeb. gadaecema sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
2. finansTa ministris proeqti debulebisa _ finansTa da vaWro­
ba-mrewvelobis ministris sabWos Sesaxeb. gadaeces sabiujeto-safi­
nanso komisias.
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti 1915-1917 w.w. saerobo
xarjT-aRricxvis gagrZelebisa. gadaecema adgilobriv TviTmmarTve­
lobisa, mmarTvelobis da sabiujeto-safin. komisiaT.
4. finansTa ministris proeqti saxelmwifos 1919-1920 w.w. Semo­
saval-gasavlis aRricxvisa. gadaeces sabiujeto­-safinanso komisias.

105
 dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti _ dazaralebul meomarTa da imaT ojaxebis

daxmarebis kanonisa.
2. saboloo teqsti _ tfilisis qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis 10 mil­
ioni maneTis sesxis micemis dekretisa.
3. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saSualo saswavle­
belTaTvis arsebul avansis gadidebis Sesaxeb.
4. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa. pirvel-dawyebiTi
skolebisaTvis maswavlebelTa mosamzadeblad sazafxulo kursebis
mowyobis Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa quTaisis sagangebo
sasamarTlos Statis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.
6. dekretis proeqti sazRvar-gared vaWrobis saqmis mosagvareb­
lad saWiro xarjisaTvis 2 mil. maneTis kreditis gaxsnisa.
7. dekretis proeqti _ mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 1919-1920 wlis
biujetis proeqtiT aRricxul jamis 1/2 nawilis gadadebisa.
8. dekretis proeqti mTavrobis gankargulebaSi oci milioni mane­
Tis gadadebisa _ adgilobrivi saqonlis damzadebisaTvis ucxoeTSi
gasatanad da ucxoeTidan saqarTveloSi saqonlis Semosatanad.
9. dekretis proeqti _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gasamrjelos
gadidebisa.

wesrigis damtkiceba da saboloo teqstebi.

Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva wesrigis Sesaxeb? msur­

veli aravinaa. maSasdame dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia. pirveli
sakiTxi gaxlavT _ saboloo teqsti dazaralebul meomarTa da imaT
ojaxebis daxmarebis kanonebisa. momxsenebelia q. soloRaSvilis asu­
li. gTxovT mobrZandeT.
olRa soloRaSvilisa (kiTxulobs kanonis saboloo teqsts, ro­
melic krebis mier iqna dadasturebuli. amave oratoris moxsenebiT
damtkicebul iqna teqsti dRiur wesrigis me-2 muxlSi aRniSnul
dekretisa).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi -

kanon-proeqti saSualo saswavlebelTaTvis arsebuli avansis

gadidebis Sesaxeb

momxsenebelia krebis wevri iv. WavWaniZe.

iv. WavWaniZe (s.-d. momxsenebeli). moqalaqeno, kanoni, romelsac
exla me mogaxsenebT, Seexeba saSualo skolis avanss, sameurneo xar­

106
jebis dasafaravad. yvela skolebs hqonda winaswari avansi sameurneo
xarjebisaTvis, romelic skolas xSirad aqvs da am xarjebis dafarva
unda. da swored imisTvis, rom xazinidan mas eZleoda 150.000 maneTi,
magram aseTi avansi dRevandel pirobebSi, mogexsenebaT winaswar xar­
jebis gaReba ar SeiZleba, dRes es Tanxa iseTi mcire aris, rom Tu ar ga­
didda, saSualo skolis mdgomareoba Zalian cudi iqneba. saministros
amis gamo, zogierT skolebis Suamdgomloba mouvida, gansakuTrebiT
saostato seminariisa, romelsac araviTari specialuri saSualeba
ara aqvs. aq mowafeni swavlis qiras aRar ixdian, maSasadame saswavlo
xarjebi xazinas adevs, da yvela xarjebi, romelic awevs, yoveli kapei­
ki, xazinidan unda iyos gaRebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi am saswavlebels
uxdeboda mieRo 150 maneTi, da rom saswavlebeli ar darCeniliyo am
ukidures mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac aris dRes, ganaTlebis saminis­
tros winadadeba Semoaqvs, rom es avansi iqnes gadidebuli 1.000 mane­
TiT da am kanon-proeqtis Sinaarsi exla sworeT is gaxlavT, rom es
arsebuli 150 maneTi gadidebuli iyos 1000 maneTaT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gada­
videT? aravin. muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia da Semdeg sxdomaze
mogexsenebaT. Semdegi kanon-proeqti _ (zogadi) ganxilva

kanon-proeqtisa pirvel dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis

maswavlebelTa mosam­z adeblad sazafxulo
kursebis mowyobis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli Tev. kikvaZe da meore grigol naTaZe. sit­yva ekuTvnis

pirvel momxsenebels Tev. kikvaZes.
Tevdore kikvaZe. (s.-d.) batonebo mogexsenebaT, rom Cven unda Semo­
viRoT pirvel dawyebiTi, savaldebulo da ufaso swavleba. saamiso
gegma ukve mzad aqvs saministros. saminitro fiqrobs, rom momavali
saswavlo wlisaTvis, is saqmis nawilis ganxorcilebas und Seudges.
magram am axali skolebisaTvis saWiroa maswavleblebi, vinaidan Cven
Zvel skolebSiac sakmao maswavleblebi ara gvyavs, amis gamo zogier­
Ti skolebi daketili aris, da swavla ar swarmoebs. axal skolebisT­
vis maswavleblebis mosamzadeblad saWiro aris gaixsnas kursebi. es
kursebi iqneba orTviani, da or Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda momzaddes
axalgazrdoba, romelsac SeeZleba skolaSi swavleba. ra Tqma unda,
orTviani kursebi ver moamzadebs iseT maswavleblebs, romelnic
savsebiT akmayofileben skolis moTxovnilebas, magram, dRes Cven sxva
gza ara gvaqvs da jerjerobiT amiT unda davkmayofildeT. es kurse­
bi unda moewyos sxva da sxva qalaqebSi _ TbilisSi, quTaisSi da Sei­
Zleba sxvaganac. kursebi gamoangariSebuli aris 250 msmenelTTvis.
msmenelebi iqnebian, rogorc qarTvelebi, berZnebi, ise muslimanebi,
vinaidan CvenSi aris qarTuli, berZnuli da muslimanTa skolebi. ra

107
Tqma unda, msmenelTa umetesi nawili iqneba qarTveloba, radganac
qarTuli skola yvelaze metia. kursebze aswavlian Semdeg sagnebs:
pedagogikas, didaktikas.... (kiTxulobs...) kursebis gasxna moiTxovs
xarjebs: TviTevuli msmenelze naangariSevia 600 maneTi Tviurad.
kursebs esaWiroeba leqtorebi, romelTac unda mivceT 600 maneTi.
Tviurad mTeli xarjebi iqneba Semdegi: msmeneli 250. TiToeuls or
TveSi 1200 maneTi, sul 300.000 maneTi. moulodneli xarjebi naangari­
Sevia 10.000 maneTi. maSasadame mTeli jami Seadgens 334.000 maneTs,
rac unda gaviRoT axla, rom kursebis gasxna ar dagviandes. amitom
komisia aZlevs winadadebas damfuZnebl krebas, rom es xarjebi iyos
gaRebuli da kursebi mowyobili ama ivnisis aTidan.
Tavmjdomare. meore momxsenebeli.
grigol naTaZe. (s.r.) safinanso da sabiujeto komisia sruliad
eTanxmeba im dadgenilebas, romelic gamoitana am kanon-proeqtis Ses­
axeb ganaTlebis komisiam im saxiT, ra saxiTac mogxsendaT, vinaidan
viRebT ra mxedvelobaSi imas, rom es kursebi, Tumca bevrs verafers
gaakeTebs, magram mainc saWiro aris. _ Tumca xarji didia, radganac
gadidebulia komisiis mier, imasTan SedarebiT, romelic warmoadgi­
na saministrom, magram komisia mainc daeTanxma amas, radganac TiTo
maswavlebeli 400 maneTad veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver icxovrebs. es
kanon-proeqti, komisiaSi Sesvlamdis, ganixila mTavrobam da aseTi
Sesworeba Seitana: TiTo maswavleblisTvis gadaidos 400 man. da am
400 maneTidan 200 man. gaiRos xazinam da 200 m. erobam. komisiam miaq­
cia amas yuradReba da daadgina, rom TiTo maswavlebels unda mieces
600 maneTi, rogorc ganaTlebis komisiamac gadaswyvita da ara 400-si,
magram miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi, rogorc mTavrobis, ise ganaTlebis
komisiis mosazrebani, safinanso komisiam xarjis ganawileba ase gan­
sazRvra: erobas daekisros is, rac ganzraxuli iyo mTavrobis proeq­
tiT; ese igi 400 maneTi gaiRos xazinam da 200 maneTi daekisros erobas.
magram erobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom eroba Zalian gaWir­
vebul mdgomareobaSi aris da aramc Tu ar SeuZlian gaReba xarjisa,
piriqiT SeiZleba mTavrobas sTxovos daxmareba. amitom safinanso
komisiam gadaswyvita es Tanxa valad daedos erobas da rodesac SesZ­
lebs maSin gadaixados; jerjerobiT ki xazinam gaiRos es xarjebi. sa­
finanso komisia am patara cvlilebiT kanon-proeqtisa Tanaxma aris.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs levan naTaZes.
levan naTaZe (s.-d.) Cven fraqias miuReblad miaCnia is winadadeba,
romelic safinanso da sabiujeto komisiam Semoitana. jer erTi rom,
sruliad gamourkvevelia, romel erobas daedeba valad is mesamedi
nawili, romelzedac aq laparakia. kursebi mowyobili iqneba, ueWve­
lia, TbilisSi da quTaisSi. gamodis, rom unda daedos valad Tbili­
sis an quTaisis samazro erobas. ranairad unda gamovarkvioT Cven,
romelma erobam unda gadaixados es vali. arc SeiZleba ase zogadaT
vsTqvaT: erobas daedos es valio. Cven 600 maneTi ar migvaCnia iseT did

108
Tanxad, rom vaWroba daviwyoT. rom SesaZlebeli iyos gamoangariSe­
ba _ romel erobas ramden maswavlebels moumzadebT, maSin SesaZle­
beli iqneboda es gamoangariSeba. magram, exla vamzadebT sazogadod
maswavleblebs. SesaZlebelia, rom am maswavleblebis umetesi nawili
wavides Zalian Rarib da mouwyobel erobebSi, ueWvelia, es asec iqne­
ba, xom iciT, rom sayovelTao ganaTlebis SemoRebis dros, swored im
raionSi gaixsneba saswavleblebi, sadac dRes yvelaze ufro naklebi
saswavleblebi aris. ueWvelia, guriidan ar daviwyebT saqmes. duSeT­
Si, leCxumSi, TianeTSi, swored ai am mazrebSi gaixsneba skolebi pir­
vel rigSi da swored am mazrebSi erobebi mouwyobelia, swored am er­
obebs dasWirdeba bevri maswavleblebi. da yovlad miuRebelia, rom
Tavidanve aseTi didi vali davadoT im erobebs, romelnic yvelaze
mouwyobelia. Cvenve am erobebs vawyobT, da ucbad, am erobebs vadebT
vals kiserzed Tavidanve. 600 man. Cvenis azriT (komisiaSic iyo amaze
laparaki), ar aris iseTi Tanxa, rom maswavlebels, romelic mova aq,
_ eyos. magram, Cven mainc gadavwyviteT, rom 600 maneTze mets saxel­
mwifo ver gaiRebs da 600 maneTis gaReba ki saxelmwifom unda idvas
Tavze. saxelmwifo Tavs idebs sayovelTao swavlis SemoRebas, amitom
maswavleblis momzadebac aucileblad TviT saxelmwifomve unda iTa­
vos. Cven viciT, rom amnairad momzadebuli maswavleblebi Tavis mov­
aleobis simaRleze ver iqnebian. (Cven amas maSinac vambobdiT, roca
SarSan kursebs vaarsebdiT da kidev vambobT). amnairad mowyobili
kursebi karg maswavleblebs ver mogvcemen. im dros, roca sayovel­
Tao swavla-ganaTlebis SemoReba aris saWiro, im dros, TiTqmis yvela
qveyanaSi miumarTavT amnair saSualebisTvis, ase moxda finliandiaSi,
SveicariaSi, _ maTac dasawyisSi ase sayvelpurod moumzadebiaT mas­
wavleblebi. Cveni kursebic ver mogvcems kargad momzadebul maswav­
leblebs. magram mainc aucilebelia amnair kursebis daarseba, radga­
nac uamisod ganzraxul skolebs ver gavaRebT. maswavleblebi momaval
samoswavlo wlisTvis mzad unda iyvnen. saxelmwifom unda iTavos am
maswavleblebis momzadeba, xarjebic saxelmwifom unda gaiRos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis grigol naTaZes.
grigol naTaZe. (s.-r.) sabiujeto da safinanso komisia ver dae­
Tanxmeba im Sesworebas, romelic Semoitana ganaTlebis komisiis Tav­
mjdomarem. ganaTlebis komisiis Tavmjdomarem Tavisi Sesworeba um­
Tavresad im mosazrebiT daasabuTa, rom saerTo swavla-ganaTlebis
xarjsac gansakuTrebiT xazina SemoiRebso. saparlamento da mTav­
robis wreebSi ki ukve gamorkveulia, rom saerTo ganaTlebaSi didi
monawileoba unda miiRos erobam ise, rom swavla-ganaTlebaze gaweul
xarjSi unda erobamac miiRos monawileoba, es principialurad ukve
gadawyvetili aris. maSasadame exla, rodesac pirveli praqtikuli
nabiji unda gadavdgaT amave gzas unda davadgeT. aseTia principi­
aluri dayeneba sakiTxisa da misi praqtikuli mxare. SeiZleba erobam
ver gaiRos is Tanxa, romelic am kanon-proeqtiT mas ekisreba, Sei­

109
Zleba mTavroba daexmaros bolos kidev erobas, magram mainc sakiTxi
ase unda davayenoT. kanonSi unda naTlad iyos aRniSnuli, rom eroba
iRebs monawileobas swavla-ganaTlebis gafarTovebaSi Tavisi Tanx­
iT. rogorc erobaTa dawesebulebani, ise xalxi miCveulia mTavrobis
daxmarebas da sul mas Sehyurebs xelSi, _ mTavrobis daxmarebis ga­
reSe umweobas grZnobs. es hklavs xalxSi iniciativas da Semoqmedebis
unars. exla mxolod sakiTxi imaSia, Tu romeli eroba gadixdis im
100.000 maneTs, romelic swored am SemTxvevaSi mas ekisreba. kursebis
gaxsna ganzraxulia mxolod or qalaqSi. eroba ki bevria. rogor unda
ganawildes es xarji? garda amisa erT an or erobas ar SeuZlian am
xarjebis gaReba, magram sruliad advilia es xarjebi ganawildes yve­
la erobaTa Soris; rodesac gaTavdeba es kursebi muSaoba dasrul­
deba da momzaddeba kadri maswavleblebisa, Tu ramdeni maswavlebe­
li sad wava, _ saministros unda hqondes zogadad mainc dasaxuli es
gegma, radganac axlo momavlisaTvis saerTo ganaTlebisTvis qseli
skolebisa ukve muSavdeba. saministrom SeiZleba daaxlovebiT exlave
icodes, sad gaixsneba skolebi, sad aris saWiro ufro skolebis gaxsna.
SemdegSi es saboloodac gamorkveuli iqneba da manamdis ki dekreti
saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom vadrovoT erobas. am xnis ganmavlobaSi Sei­
Zleba erobamac ise moimagros zurgi, rom valis gadaxda SesZlos. ai
ra mosazrebiT dainaxa safinanso komisiam xelsayrelad sakiTxis ese
dayeneba. Tu am xnis ganmavlobaSi ver SesZlebs eroba am Tanxis gamoRe­
bas, maSin sxvanairad SeiZleba daisvas sakiTxi. am gvarad yovel mxriv
ese sakiTxis dasma xelsayrelia, rogorc principialurad, ise praq­
tikulad. amitomac me mxars uWer im damatebas, romelic Semotanilia
safinanso sabiujeto komisiis mier.

ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa quTaisis droebiTi sagangebo

sasamarTlos Sta­t is damtkicebis Sesaxeb.

Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs fircxa­laiSvils.

ilia fircxalaiSvili. moqalaqeno. saqarTvelos parlamentma
20 seqtembers 1918 wels miiRo debuleba respublikis droebiT sa­
samarTloebisa. droebiTi sasamarTloebi iqmna gaxsnili Tbiliss,
quTaiss da soxums. me-33 muxlis ZaliT am debulebisa, droebiT sasam­
rTloebi unda arsebobdes sanam iqneba SemoRebuli nafici msajulTa
instituti. es sasamarTlo iqna gaxsnili quTaisSi, mxolod xuTi Tvis
ganmavlobaSi mimdinare wlis ianvarSi, TebervalSi, aprilSi, maisSi
sasamarTlos wevrebs ar miuRiaT jamagirebi, radganac iusticiis
ministrs ar hqonda gaxsnili krediti. am kanon-proeqtiT Cven moviTx­
ovT, rom iusticiis ministrs gaexsnas 113.000 man. krediti, rom daak­
mayofilos sasamarTlos wevrebi da agreTve dakmayofilebuli iqmnes

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kancelariis xarjebi. es aris Sinaarsi am kanon-proeqtisa, romelic
warmodgenilia iuridiul komisiis mier.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva am sakiTxis Sesaxeb? aravis.
kanon-proeqtis muxlobrivi ganxilva moxdeba saTanado vadis gasvlis
Semdeg.

dekreti sazRvargareT vaWrobis mosagvareblad

2 milion maneTis gadadebisa.

momxsenebeli i. iremaSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. warmodgenili dekreti exeba 2 milioni maneTis
gadadebas _ sazRvar-gared vaWrobis mosagvareblad. sazRvar-gared
vaWrobis mogvareba Cveni respublikisTvis dRevandel sinamdvileSi
aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT Cven
ekonomiur kriziss da finansiur Seviwroebas, romelsac Cven gan­
vicdiT. ai aseT pirobebSi sagareo vaWrobis mowesrigeba CvenTvis
aucilebeli aris. saerTod dRevandeli Cveni spekuliacia imitom ga­
daiqca aseT qronikul movlenaT, rom saqoneli garedan ar Semodis
da am saqonlis Semotanis mowyoba-mowesrigeba aucilebelia. yvela
saxelmwifo awyobs aseT sagareo vaWrobas da sanam Cven am normalur
pirobebSi CavardebodeT, aseTi delegaciis gagzavna aucilebelia.
Cveulebriv pirobebSi sakonsuloebi awyoben saqonlis Semotana-ga­
tanas da amnairad swydeba es sakiTxi yvela saxelmwifoebSi. exla
sanam es ar mogviwyvia, CvenTvis aseTi delegaciis gagzavna saWiroa.
gareSe vaWrobis mowesrigeba, saerTod arsebul ekonomiur pirobeb­
Si, ekonomiur siduxWireSi aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens da
am spekulacias, romelic suls uxuTavs respublikas, gaanelebs, Tu
ar mospobs sruliad mainc. saqonlis gatana-Semotanis mogvareba ga­
moajansaRebs aramc Tu ekonomiurad Cvens respublikas, aramed fi­
nansiuradac. Cven viciT, rom erTgvar finansiur kriziss ganvicdiT,
finansiuri krizisis winaSe vdgevarT; saWiro aris, rom Cveni finan­
siuri mdgomareoba gamoswordes; saWiroa Cvenma sagareo da saSinao
vaWrobam normaluri xasiaTi miiRos. ai aseT SemTxvevaSi Cveni finan­
siuri mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad, _ es fulis kursis dacema,
sxvaTa Soris, damaxasiaTebelia rogorc barometri da sazomi, Cveni
ekonomiuri siduxWirisa. fulis kursis asawevad saWiroa sagareo da
saSinao vaWrobis mowesrigeba. Tu amgvarad Cveni finansiuri saqmeebi
movagvareT, sagareo vaWroba movawesrigeT, Cven saSinao mdgomareo­
basac gavaumjobesebT, Cveni finansebis saqmeebic win wava da cotad
Tu bevrad Cveni fulis kurssac aswevs. es delegacia Cven saSuale­
bas mogvcems sazRvar-gareT krediti gamogviZebnos, ndoba moipovos
da amiT CvenTvis aucilebeli valutis dawesebis saqmeSi dagvexma­

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ros. Cveni delegacia Seecdeba gamogviZebnos yvelgan is saqoneli, is
fabrikatebi, romelic Cvens qveyanas esaWiroeba. is kavSirs daiWers
bankebTan, kapitalistebTan, sxva da sxva savaWro dawesebulebebTan,
romelTac aseTi saqoneli moeZebnebaT. samagierod Cveni delegacia
ecdeba bazari mounaxos Cvens nedl da damuSavebul saqonels, romel­
ic mogvepoveba da Cveni qveynidan saqonlis gatanasac xels Seuwyobs.
ganzraxulia delegaciis gagzavna italiaSi upirvelesad yovlisa,
momavalSi sxva saxelmwifoebSiac. es delegacia Semdgari iqneba eqvsi
kacisgan da is izavneba mokle vadiT _ 3 TviT; es aris erTgvari pir­
veli nabiji, pirveli cda im niadagis Seqmnisa da gamonaxvisa, rom
Cveni sagareo vaWroba movagvaroT, rac cotad Tu bevrad SeRavaTs
mogvcems, Cvens aseT umweo mdgomareobaSi. amisTana pirobebSi 2 mil­
ionis gadadeba SedarebiT mcire Tanxas Seadgens, romelis am saqmisT­
vis erTgvar minimums warmoadgens da aucilebel saWirobad miaCnia
safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.
ilia nucubiZe. (s.-r.) batonebo! Cven fraqcias am dek­retis miReba
im saxiT, ra saxiTac warmodgenilia, SeuZleblad miaCnia. SuZleblad
miaCnia imitom, rom am delegaciis mizani, romelic igzavneba sazR­
vargareT ar aris cxadi da naTeli. Cven gveubnebian, rom es delegacia
moawesrigebs vaWrobas sazRvargareTo, magram ra saxiT Camoyalibde­
ba, rogor mowesrigdeba, rogori Sinaarsi eqneba konkretiulad maT
iq wasvlas, amis Sesaxeb araviTar pasuxs ar iZlevian arc ganmartebiT
baraTSi, arc im moxsenebaSi, romelic aq momxsenebelma gagvikeTa. ar
aris dasabuTebuli is, Tu ra konkretuli mizani eqneba am delegacias.
aseTi zogadi frazebi, rom „delegacia moawesrigebs vaWro­
ba-mrewvelobas“ _ arafers gveubnebian. am mxriv arafers gveubneba
arc is, rom „Cven ekonomiur kriziss ganvicdiT“.
Cven, rom ganvicdiT ekonomiur kriziss es cxadia, amaze sakmaod
migviTiTebs is, rom Cveni deficiti wels SegviZlian vivaraudoT 18
milioni, ese igi TiTqmis miliardi dRevandeli kursiT. ai, es defici­
ti maCveneblia imisi, rom ekonomiur kriziss ganvicdiT. ara mxolod
ekonomiur kriziss, aramed katastrofiul mdgomareobaSi vimyofe­
biT, magram am SemTxvevaSi, rom saqme gamovakeToT, amisTvis saWiro
aris erTnairi gegmis dasaxva, da am gegmis mixedviT moqmedeba. Torem
Tu yovel kerZo SemTxvevebSi ugegmoT vimoqmedebT da ar gveqneba
garkveuli gza da garkveuli gegma, me mgonia aseT qaotiur moqmedeb­
iT Cven veraviTar mizans ver mivaRwevT.
Cvenda samwuxarod, es axasiaTebs Cven xelmZRvanel wre­ebs, _ ar­
aviTari garkveuli finansiuri politika da araviTari ekonomiuri
sistema Cvens safinanso uwyebas ara aqvs. Cven bevrjel migviTiTebia
imaze. Cven gveubnebian momavalSi mowesrigdebao, magram sanam petre
movida, pavles tyavi gaaZreso. Tu dagvianda, maSin arc sistema gviS­
velis da arc araferi. aucilebliv saWiro aris, rom Cvenma xelmZR­
vanel wreebma da safinanso uwyebam aamuSavos Teoretiuli aparati,

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warmogvidginos is gegma, da Cven amisdamixedviT moviqceviT, Tu mov­
iwoneT SeiZleba mivceT fuli, mxolod ase brmad ki Cveni fraqcia
ver miscems xmas iseT didi Tanxis micemas, rogoric aris ori mili­
oni maneTi.
kidev aris meore dekreti, romelic Txoulobs TiTqmis imave
mizniT 20 milions, erTi dekreti _ 2 milioni, meore dekreti _ 20 mi­
lioni.
meore dekreti laparakobs, rom davamzadoT saqoneli adgilo­
briv da aqedan gavitanoTo. erTi da igive mizani aqvs orive dekrets.
me minda xazi gavusva imas, rom aseTi qaotiuri dekreti mizans ver
miaRwevs. da amitom Cven fraqcias ar SeuZlian misces Tavisi xma da
winaaaRmdegia amis, miT umetes, rom ar viciT, ranairi aris delegaci­
is Semadgenloba. amboben igi 6 kacisagan Sesdgebao, magram, vin iqneba
es 6 kaci amas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. vin Sedis am SemadgenlobaSi...
(xma: mizani!) mizanic saWiroa, magram saqme imaSia, vin iqneba miznis
gamaxorcielebeli. erTi kaci ufro kargad ganaxorcielebs, meore
glaxaT ganaxorcielebs erTsa da imave mizans. CvenTvis saWiro aris,
rom delegaciis Semadgenloba vicodeT. Cven ki ar viciT visgan Ses­
dgeba es delegacia. meore kidev, rac TvalsaCino aris CvenTvis da
principialuri mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni fraqciisTvis, es is, rom rode­
sac saxelmwifo iRebs fulebs, maSin rodesac vaWroba-mrewveloba
mogvardeba saxelmwifos fuliT, amas unda hqondes erTnairi saxel­
mwifoebrivi mniSvneloba, saxelmwifos xelSi unda iyos gasaReba am
saqonlisa. rodesac saxelmwifo gaiRebs or milions, an oc milions _
vaWroba-mrewvelobas moagvarebs, mere amiT isargebleben kerZo vaW­
rebi Tavis jibeebs gaasuqeben. es mainc da mainc, me mgoni, saxelmwi­
foebrivi TvalsazrisiT ar aris misaRebi, imitom, rom aq saxelmwifos
fuli ixarjeba da saxelmwifom unda moawyos gasaReba am saqonlisa,
gavrceleba misi xalxSi.
am mxriv miuRebeli aris es kanon-proeqti, radganac ar viciT vin
miiRebs am saqonels, vin gaasaRebs mas, saxelmwifoebriv sazogadoe­
briv daniSnulebis mixedviT, Tu kerZo xasiaTs miscemen am saqonlis
gasaRebas.
am mxriv es dekreti CvenTvis miuRebelia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs oniaSvils.
daviT oniaSvili. batonebo! me mgoni, rom es sakiTxi arc iseTi rTu­
lia, rogorc gaarTula eserebis oratorma. aq iTqva, rom am saqmisTvis
saWiroa sistema anu erTvari savaWro politiki Seqmna da es ori mili­
oni am miznisTvis ara kmarao. magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia sistemis Seqmna Tu am dargSi ar iqmna miRebuli raime zomebi.
mizani am kanon-proeqtisa is aris, rom delegacia wava mTavro­
bis davalebiT sazRvar-gared, gaecnoba adgilobriv bazars, gaigebs
adgilobriv saqonlis fasebs, Semdeg Camova aq da Seudgeba sistemis
SemuSavebas. yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom iseTi patara saxelmwifo,

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rogoric aris Cveni demokratiuli respublika, faqtiur blokadas
ganicdides da ar zrunavdes am blokadis garRvevas. delegaciis
gagzavna am mxriv pirveli cdaa. soc.-dem. fraqcias saWirod miaCnia
am delegaciis gagzavna da amitom mxars uWers am kanon-proeqts. Cven
viciT, rom es ori milioni dRevandel pirobebSi arc iseTi didi
gasavali aris saxelmwifosTvis. ori milioni Cven SegviZian gaviRoT
saxelmwifos xazinidan am saqmisTvis im imediT, rom igi sasurvel
Sedegs moutans Cvens patara saxelmwifos. TavisTavad igulisxmeba,
rom delegacia ar iqneba Semdgari partiul niadagze. am SemTxvevaSi
mTavroba xelmZRvanelobs mxolod saqmianobis principiT.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs kidev sityva? aravis. sityva ekuTvnis
momxse­nebels.
momxsenebeli iremaSvili. sxvaTa Soris, social-revoliucionere­
bis warmomadgenelma gegma moiTxova, erTgvari garkveuli gegma finan­
siuri, ekonomiuri, romlis mixedviT unda iyos wamoyenebuli sxva da
sxva zomebi. me SevekiTxebi orators, SeuZlian mas Tu ara warmoadg­
inos am Jamad erTgvari garkveuli finansiuri, an ekonomiuri poli­
tika, romlis ganxorcieleba SeiZlebodes. Seqmnil saerTaSoriso
pirobebSi saerTod, romelSiac yoveli saxelmwifo moeqca, am Jamad
iseT gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi Cacvivdnen, rom maT ara aqvT da arc
SeiZleba hqondeT am SemTxevevaSi garkveuli finansiuri da ekono­
miuri politika. da Tu gaarkveven amas momavalSi, isec saWiroa; miT
umetes iseT patara saxelmwifosTvis, romelsac axlad vawyobT aseTi
garkveuli winaswar gansazRvruli finansiuri da ekonomiuri poli­
tika, romelSiac mTeli rigi zomebisa iqneba CamoTvlili, amis exlave
gaTvaliswineba yovlad SeuZlebelia im pirobebSi, romelSiac vcxov­
robT. maSasadame aseTi gegmis moTxovna SeuZlebelia da ara mTavrobas
ar SeuZlian warmoadginos igi. mxolod rogorc cxovreba da saerTod
praqtika gviCvenebs, imis mixedviT vTxoulobT aseT zomebs da vambobT
ori milionis gadadeba da aseTi delegaciis gagzavna, aseTi praqtiku­
li nabiji, romelic erTgvar SeRavaTs mogvcems da saqonlis simSils
gaanelebs, da im mdgomareobas, romelsac Cven ganvicdiT gagviad­
vilebs. sxvaTa Soris, aq iTqva, rom saxelmwifo ar cdilobs vaWrobis
da mrewvelobis mogvarebaso. me garwmunebT, rom swored saxelmwifo
aris dainteresebuli imaSi, rom vaWroba da mrewveloba, rogorc sa­
Sinao ise sagareo, mowesrigdes da mogvardes mTel saxelmwifosT­
vis da mTeli mcxovreblebisTvis da ara erTi da ori kacis jibeebis
gasavsebad. am SemTxvevaSi es dekreti sruliad misaRebia da aseTi pa­
tara Tanxis gadadebis Sesaxeb amisTana praqtikul miznisTvis, imaze
kamaTi zedmetad mimaCnia. (dekreti muxlobriv kenWisyriT miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

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 proeqti dekretisa mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 1919 da
1920 wlis biujetis proeqtiT aRricxul jamis erTi
meTormetis nawilis gadadebisa.

momxsenebli gaxlavT krebis wevri simon mdivani.

simon mdivani. (s.-f. momxsenebeli) damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!
dRes Tqven mogaxseneT, rom safinanso saministros mier Sedgenili
respublikis xarjT-aRricxva gadaeca safinanso-sabiujeto komisias.
am proeqtis ganxilvas, rasakvirvelia, dasWirdeba ramdenime Tve
da manamdis ki aucilebel saWiroebas Seadgens, rom mTavrobis gan­
kargulebaSi iyos ramodenime Tanxa mimdinare xarjebis, an xarjT-aR­
ricxvis navaraudev xarjis dasafaravad. 31 ianvris kanonis ZaliT,
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom sabiujeto weli iwyeba 1-l ivnisidan da Ta­
vdeba 31 maiss. imave kanonis ZaliT gauqmebulia yoveli SeRavaTiani
vadebi kreditebis sargeblobisa. Semdeg imisa, rodesac es kreditebi
daixureba.
amisda mixedviT imave kanonis ZaliT, iyo gaRebuli, dakanonebu­
li parlamentis mier 28 1/2 milioni maneTi da Tan kidev zedmeti ker­
Zo, separatiulad Semotanili, xarjTaRricxvebi mTavrobis gankar­
gulebaSi. magram oci maisis kanoniT es iyo mxolod pirvel maisamdis.
maisidan Cven mTavrobis gankargulebaSi ar iyo krediti. amisTvis
damfuZnebelma krebam 20 maiss miiRo kanoni, romlis ZaliT gagrZel­
da maisis pirvelidan 31-is kreditebi, romelic 31 ianvris kanonis
ZaliT iyo dakanonebuli. dRes yvela es dasrulebulia. magram 31 ian­
vris kanonis ZaliT Tebervlis 15 unda Semosuliyo biujeti. magram
sxva da sxva mizezebis gamo 15 Tebervals ar dasrulda biujeti da
dasrulda mxolod dRes.
radganac dRes saWiroa es krediti gaexsnas mTavrobas, amisTvis
saministrom ganizraxa dekretis saxiT gamoeTxova fulebi damfuZneb­
el krebisgan 1919-20 wlis biujetis 1/12 nawili. am biujets, rasak­
virvelia, Tavisi nomenklatura kreditebisa aqvs da yovel kreditis
1/12 nawils iTxovs. am saxiT es dekreti Semovida sabiujeto-safinan­
so komisiaSi, magram sabiujeto-safinanso komisiam ver icno mizanSe­
wonilad gadaidos 1/12 im biujetisa, romelsac jer sabiujeto-sa­
finanso komisia ar aris gacnobili, arsebiTad ar aris ganxiluli.
maSasadame verc 1/12 nawils gadasdebs safinanso-sabiujeto komisia.
amisTvis Cven saWirod miviCnieT es wesi dagvetovebina, romel­
ic iyo nagulisxmevi 31 ianvris kanonis mier. am kanonSi ki es iyo na­
varaudevi. yvela saxelmwifoebrivi dawesebuleba respublikisa iyo
CamoTvlili da am dawesebulebisaTvis iyo navaraudevi gansazRvruli
Tanxa da am Tanxis jami iyo Semdgari da amrigad mieca 31 ianvris mTav­
robas ufleba am kreditebis sargeblobisa. ai es wesi miiCnia safinan­
so-sabiujeto komisiam ufro mizanSewonilad da miiRo ukanaskneli

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jami 65,827,720. da rasakvirvelia, rodesac aseT nusxiT Cven vaZlevT
kreditebs, ar SegviZlian arsebiTad ganvsajoT Tu rogor ganawil­
deba es kreditebi yovel dawesebulebis Soris, aZlevs yoveli dawe­
sebuleba Tu ara am Tanxas, romelic aris am dawesebulebis Sesanaxad
gadadebuli. magram es aris sakiTxi saministrosi da saministros
SeuZlian gaanawilos es Tanxa imisda mixedviT Tu, rogor aris is na­
varaudevi sabiujeto xarjTaRricxvaSi. amisTvis sabiujeto-safinan­
si komisia winadadebas aZlevs damfuZnebel krebas miiRos es proeqti
dekretisa, da am dekretis ZaliT gadasces mTavrobis gankargulebaSi
65 milioni maneTi yovelTviurad. vinaidan Cven vfiqrobT, rom biuje­
tis ganxilva gagrZeldeba ara nakleb sami Tvisa, amisTvis vada aris
navaraudevi pirveli seqtemberi, ese igi yovelTviurad 1 seqtembram­
di. ivnisis, ivlisis da mariamobisTvis ganmavlobaSi mTavrobas eqneba
Tavis gankargulebaSi 65,827,720 maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva? aravis. gTxovT waikiTxoT. (momx­
senebeli kiTxulobs).
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT dekretis proeqti mTav­
robis gankargulebaSi oci milioni maneTis gadadebisa, adgilo­
brivi saqonlis damzadebisaTvis ucxoeTSi gasatanad da ucxoeTidan
saqarTveloSi saqonlis Semosatanad. magram Semotanili gaxlavT
winadadeba _ dekreti moixsnas da gadaeces sabiujeto komisias.
vis hsurs amis winaaRmdeg? sityva aravis surs. es dekreti moxsnil­
ia da gaegzavneba ukan safinanso komisias. Semdeg gaxlavT proeqti
dekretisa damfuZnebel krebis wevrebis gasamrjelos gadidebisa. ma­
gram Semotanili aris winadadeba soc.-demokr. fraqciis mier, rom es
dekreti iyves dRiur wesrigidan amoRebuli da gadaeces sabiujeto
komisias. agreTve aris moTxovnileba safinanso komisiis Tavmjdom­
arisa baton TofuriZisa. vin aris winaaaRmdegi? sityva ekuTvnis kre­
bis wevrs baton asaTians.
al. asaTiani (n.-d.). saqme imaSia, rom rodesac safinanso komis­
ia romelime dekrets, an kanon-proeqts warmoadgens da es moxsend­
eba mosaxsnelad damfuZnebel krebas, amis moxsna oriode sityviT
ganmartebul unda iyos. sabiujeto komisiam ganixila, rogorc pirve­
li, ise meore dekreti, pirveli dekreti man ganixila orjer, da ram­
denic unda daubrunoT, isev gamogzavnis Tu raime mizezs ar etyviT,
Tu ratom daubruneT es kanon-proeqti komisias.
me mgonia, rom arsebiTad unda ganvixiloT da mizezi amis dab­
runebisa gamoirkveva.
Tavmjdomare. vis hsurs sityva sawinaaRmdegod? sityva ekuTvnis
krebis wevrs b-n arseniZes.
raJd. arseniZe. aq ori dekreti moixsna. pirveli dekretis Sesaxeb
araferi ar iTqva. meore dekretis Sesaxeb ki ganacxades, rom mizezi
gamourkvevelia. mizezi is gaxlavT, rom rodesac Seadgenen raime pro­

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eqts, igi unda iyos dakavSirebuli danarCen muSaobasTan damfuZnebel
krebisa. am Jamad sakiTxi Seexeba marto damfuZnebel krebis wevrebis
gasamrjelos gadidebas. magram aris erTgvari damokidebuleba dan­
arCen biujetis sakiTxTan, vinidan gasamrjelos jamagiris momateba
iwvevs momatebas xarjebisas yvela danarCen dargebSiac.
yvela es kiTxvebi ar arian gamorkveulni. Cven ar migviRia aravi­
Tari mosazreba da araviTari azri arc komisiaSi, arc moxsenebaSi
da arc ganmartebiT baraTSi ar aris aRniSnuli; cxadia, ase zereleT
miReba aseTi nawilobriv kanonisa, Cven migvaCnia miuReblad, radga­
nac igi SeiZleba Semdeg Tavs dagvawves tvirTad. ai am mosazrebis
gamo yovlad SeuZlebelia ase gadavwyvitoT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom dekreti daubrundes sabiuje­
to komisias? dekreti moxsnili gaxlavT. exla gTxovT moisminoT Sem­
degi krebis dRiuri wesrigi.
mdivani (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare krebas daxurulad acxadebs 3 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.

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 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaeqvse sxdoma

1919 weli, paraskevi, ivnisis 13. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian:
simon mdivani,
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
grigol naTaZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 35 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT, kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdi­

vani mo­gaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.

komisiebSi gadasacemi kanon-proeqtebi.

mdivani. dRiuri wesrigis moxsenebamde neba momeciT wavikiTxo

komisiebSi gadasacemi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis nusxa.
1. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti dekretisa _ administraciis
inspeqtoris TanaSemwis kancelariasTan qu­TaisSi arqivis daarsebisa
da Statis SemoRebisa. gadaeca adgilobriv mmarTvelobis da TviTm­
marTvelobisa da sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

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 dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti _ sazRvargared vaWrobis mosagvareblad saW­

iro xarjisTvis ori mil. man. gadadebis dekretisa.
momxsenebelia an. soloRaSvilis asuli.
2. saboloo teqsti _ saxelmwifos dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad yov­
elTviurad 65.827.270 man. gadadebis dekretisa.
momxsenebelia an. soloRaSvilis asuli.
3. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva _ uqme dReebis ricxvis Semcirebis
kanon-proeqtisa.
momxseneblebia ger. maxaraZe da il. fircxalaiSvili.
4. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva _ sasinjao sammarTvelos kanon-pro-
eqtisa.
momxsenebelia al. asaTiani.
5. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva _ sazom-sawonTa palatis kanon-pro­
eqtisa.
momxseneblia al. asaTiani.
6. dekreti _ jarTa nawilebidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego zomebisa.
momxsenebelia zaq. guruli.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa mTava­ri sabaJo sam­
marTvelos da foTis da soxumis sabaJoebis Statebis gadidebis Ses­
axeb.
momxsenebelia dav. SaraSiZe.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva dRiuri wesrigis Sesax­
eb? dRiuri wesrigi miRebuli gaxlavT.

saboloo teqstebi

pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT:

saboloo teqsti sazRvargareT vaWrobis mosagvareblad

saWiro xar­j isTvis ori milioni maneTis gadadebis dekretisa.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT anna soloRaSvilis asuli.

(anna soloRaSvilis asuli. momxsenebeli, kiTxulobs saboloo
teqsts. saboloo teqsti dekretisa muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebu­
li aris. imave oratoris moxsenebiT agreTve miRebuli iqmna saboloo
teqsti _ saxelmwifos dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad Tviurad 65.825.270
maneTis gadadebis dekretisa.)
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi.

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 meore muxlobrivi ganxilva uqme dReebis ricxvis
Semcirebis kanon-proeqtisa.

momxseneblebia b. maxaraZe da fircxalaSvili.

sityva ekuTvnis pirvel momxenebels, krebis wevrs b. maxaraZes:
b. maxaraZe. (kiTxulobs dekrets) ai aseTi aris es kanoni, romel­
sac Sromis komisiis saxeliT Cven vudgenT damfuZnebel krebas.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili erovnul demokra­
tiul fraqciis mier. Tqven SesworebisTvis gnebavT sityva? (asaTiani
adgilidan: diax!) sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs b. asaTians.
aleqs. asaTiani. (er.-dem.)
erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciis Sesworeba pirvel muxlSi
Semdegi aris: pirvel muxlSi Semdgom sityvebisa: „Semdegi uqmeebis“
sruliad gamotovebul iqnes bolomde, xolo amis nacvlad Setanil
iqnes Semdegi sityvebi: „muSaTa internacionalis da ruseTis revoli­
uciis pirveli dRe“.
rogorc kanon-proeqtis arsebiTi ganxilvis dros mogaxseneT,
Cven principialurad araferi ar gvaqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom uqmeebi,
rogorc saeklesio ise samoqalaqo, rac SeiZleba Semcirdes. vinaidan,
rac ki respublikaSi Sromis nayofierebas gaaZlierebs, Cven yovelT­
vis mxars dauWerT. magram, me mgonia, am Jamad mxolod ori uqme Sei­
Zleba iqnes amoSlili uqmeebis ricxvidan. es aris samoqalaqo uqmebi,
romelic metad naCqarevad davaweseT da gavxadeT savaldebulod mTe­
li qveynisTvis. rogorc daweseba am uqmeeebisa iseve imaTi amoSla ar
gamoiwvevs did uTanxmoebas xalxSi da ar gamoiwvevs amaze did lapa­
raks. (mgelaZe: ar gamoiwvevs laparaks, roca internacionalizmzea
laparaki? amas Tqven naxavT!). (Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, gTxovT adg­
ilidan nu laparakobT!) mxolod rac Seexeba im uqmeebs, romelnic
dakanonebulni arian saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, romelnic SeTvise­
bulni arian xalxis mier, eris umravlesobis mier, ase naCqarevaT maTi
amoSla sruliad ar Seefereba Cven sakanonmdeblo muSaobis sidinjes
da sidarbaisles, romelic Cven arasodes ar unda gvtovebdes. mosa­
lodnelia Cven movaxdinoT Semokleba, magram ara im wesiT, romelic
aris ganzraxuli, aramed sul sxva gziT. Cven unda SevTanxmdeT im uw­
yebasTan, im eklesiasTan, romelmac es uqmeebi daakanona Tavis mraval
saukunovan moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi. Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi,
rom ramdenime am uqmeebidan, saeklesio uqmeebidan, mxolod ukanask­
nel xanebSi iyo SemoRebuli, uTuod saeklesio uwyeba ar iqneba wi­
naaRmdegi, rom ramdenime uqme iyos amoSlili, amoRebuli da moma­
valSi savaldebulo ar iyos. magram, yovel SemTxvevaSi, amorCeva im
uqmeebisa, romelnic aris eklesiisTvis aucilebeli, rom darCes da
romlebis mospoba SeuZlebelia, es me mgonia, Cven ase naCqarevad ar
unda movaxdinoT da unda mivandoT im uwyebas, romelic kompeten­

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turia da romlis azrs damfuZnebelma krebam uTuod angariSi unda
gauwios, vinaidan am azrs uwevs angariSs qarTveli xalxi, romelic
am uqmeebs uqmobs. aq zogierTi aT-Tormeti dResaswaulebis gauqmebas
hfiqroben, magram Cven, rom es miviRoT, es kidev ar niSnavs, rom es
miRebuli iqneba xalxis mier. Cven garwmunebT, rom is muSebi da mosam­
saxureebi, romlis Sesaxeb aq ambobden, rom imaTi survilia es uqmee­
bi iyos Semcirebulio, didi nawili am muSebisa uTuod Seecdebian,
rom Zveleburad iuqmon es uqmeebi. rac Seexeba samoqalaqo uqmeebs
_ internacionalizms da revoliuciis pirvel dRes, rasakvirvelia,
demokratiul weswyobilebaSi aravin, arc erTi mTavroba ar moaxdens
Zaldatanebas, _ visac surs es uqmeebi iuqmos. aseTi Zaldataneba Cven
respublikaSi ar iqneba. magram savaldebulod maTi mTeli xalxisTvis
miCneva, ar aris demokratiuli RonisZieba. amitom Cven vTvliT Cven
movaleobaT, rom Semcireba, miviRebT ra Semcirebis princips, am Ja­
mad, am naCqarevad miRebul uqmeebis gauqmebaSi gamoixatos da Semdeg
amisa mTavrobam unda moaxdinos saeklesio uwyebasTan SeTanxmeba Ses­
axeb saeklesio uqmeebis Semcirebisa.
Tavmjdomare. Semotanili gaxlavT Sesworeba erovn.­-demok­ra­
tiul fraqciis mier. teqsti am Sesworebisa aseTi gaxlavT: „pirvel
muxlSi Semdgom sityvebisa: „Semdegi uqmeebis“ sruliad gamotove­
bul iqnas bolomde, xolo amis nacvlad Setanil iqnas Semdegi si­
tyvebi: „muSaTa internacionalis da ruseTis revoliuciis pirveli
dRe~. amas garda kanon-proeqts daerTos kidev meore muxli Semdegi
redaqciiT: „2. daevalos mTavrobas saeklesio uwyebasTan SeTanxme­
biT SemuSaveba kanon-proeqtisa Sesaxeb saeklesio uqmeebis ricxvis
Semcirebisa“.
aseTi gaxlavT Sesworeba, zogadi msjelobis dros, iuridiul
komisiis saxeliT rom Semoitana krebis wevrma fircxalaiSvilma. si­
tyva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs fircxalaiSvils.
il. fircxalaiSvili. Sromis komisias azrad aqvs uqme dReebidan
amoSalos didi paraskevi. iuridiuli komisiis azria, rom didi
paraskevi darCes. rodesac Cven arsebiTad vixilavT am sakiTxs, me amis
mosazreba ukve mogaxseneT. me winadadeba Semomaqvs, rom am kanon-pro­
eqtSi iyos amoSlili sityva „didi paraskevi“.
Tavmjdomare. pirvel Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis grigol
naTaZes.
grigol naTaZe. (s.-r.) am erTis SexedviT mcire sakiTxs, kanon-pro­
eqtis viTom patara Sesworebas didi principialuri xasiaTi aqvs. es
mogexsenebaT Tqvenc. me mgonia, zedmeti laparaki amaze saWiro ar
iqneba, saqme is gaxlavT, rom dRes iseTi garemoeba Seiqmna CvenSi,
saqarTveloSi, rom ori mxarea Cveni arsebobisa, romelsac CvenT­
vis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs _ sabediswero. erTis mxriv _
samSoblo da samSoblos dacvis mizani, meores mxriv _ demokratia
da demokratiis dacvis mizani. es ori mxare Ceni suliskveTebisa

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mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli internacionalizmTan da ise arian
gadajaWvuli da Caqsovili erTmaneTSi, rom erTmaneTis daSore­
ba SeuZlebelia. es erTi da igive cnebaa, rodesac gaismis brZolis
xma saerTaSoriso mtris winaaRmdeg, maSin Znelia gairCes, romliT
romeli mebrZoli riT ufro xelmZRvanelobs. CvenTvis samSoblo,
demokratizmi, internacionalizmi erT mTlian idealad gadaiqca.
Cven varT samSoblos moyvarulni da imave dros Cven varT demokrate­
bi da internacionalistebi. internacionalizmi daedva sarCulad
Cvens samSoblosadmi siyvaruls da Cveni demokratizmis garegani
forma aris samSoblos siyvarulis saxiT Camosxmuli da Camoyal­
ibebuli. rogorc azrs da xatebas formas ver moaSorebT, radganac
forma da Sinaarsi erTi da igivea, ise es Cveni uaxloesi mizanic ver
gaikveTeba ise, rom forma calke iyos da Sinaarsi calke, rasakvir­
velia, yvela mebrZols erTi fsixika ara aqvs. erTisaTvis SeiZleba
samSoblo iyos arsebiTi mxare misi suliskveTebisa da meorisaTvis
demokratizmi, magram dRes-dReobiT idealia erTi da yvela Cven
ganurCevlad Cveni piradi suliskveTebisa erTi miznisaTvis vibrZ­
viT. WurWeli Tu gatyda mis Sinaarsi daiRupeba da WurWlis Sinaar­
si Tu daiRupa WurWelsac fasi ara aqvs. aseve ver vityviT ra ufro
Zvirfasia dRes CvenTvis, vinaidgan erTi umeorod ver iarsebebs
dRevandel pirobebSi. xolo Tu brZolis dros mebrZolma moisurva
imis Cxreka, Tu visTvis ra ufro Zvirfasia: samSoblos siyvaruli Tu
demokratizmi da daiwyo gaCaRebul brZolis dros wuniaoba: es ar
minda, es mindao, _ es daqsaqsavs Zalas, daRupavs Cven saqmes.
istoriuladac ase yofila CvenSi: niadagi Cveni brZolisa yofi­
la demokratizmi, da, rodesac am gzas avcdenilvarT, kidec davRu­
pulvarT. es yvelasTvis aSkaraa, imisTvisac, visac ara aqvs Seswavli­
li Cveni istoria, magram cota rame ki gaugonia. demokratiuli
miswrafebebi da swored mezobel erebTan megobruli ganwyobileba
aris safuZveli Cveni keTildReobisa. da dRes aseT istoriul wuTSi,
rodesac aseTi sabediswero wuTebi gvadga kars, gansakuTrebiT cxa­
dia da aSkara es Cveni mdgomareoba. aseT istoriul momentSi irkveva
da aSkaravdeba eris arsebobis umTavresi azri da misi daniSnuleba.
rac aqamdis dafaruli iyo. dRes Cveni saxe irkveva da, visac amis da­
naxvis unari ara aqvs, is politikur moments alRos ver auRebs. Tu
aqamdis zogierTisTvis cxadi ar iyo es, exla cxadia, rom Cveni niada­
gi, Cveni cixe burji internacionalizmi da demokratizmia. es aris
saSualeba, riTac Cven simpatias vixveWT ucxo qveyanaSi, riTac Cven
sulSi da gulSi vimagrebT unars brZolisas, da imaT vinc cdilobs in­
ternacionalis dResaswaulis mospobas, surs gamogvacalos yovelive
unari am brZolisa, mogvispos sulieri simagre im saSinel brZolaSi,
romelic istoriam Cven Tavs dagvatexa, dagvingrios cixe-burji Cve­
ni mxneobisa, amas me veZaxi did danaSaulobas, meti rom ara vsTqva.
marTalia yvela socialisti ar aris da ra Tqma unda, es danaSuli ar

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aris, magram amaSi ar aris saqme, saqme is gaxlavT, rom gaTvaliswineba
mdgomareobisa Taviseburad mainc yvelas SeuZlian, rodesac gvegona,
rom brZolam SegvaerTa saerTo niadagze. Cven gvegona, yvela hxedavda,
rom Sendeba raRac didi, raRac didebuli. da, rodesac amgvari azri
Semodis am dawesebulebaSi, rogorc internacionalis dResaswaulis
mospoba, fiqrobs Tu ara misi avtori, rom amis fexidan niadags ac­
lis mebrZols, sulis simtkices ukargavs, saiT gindaT maSin waiyvanoT
xalxi, Tu mas saxeba daekargeba, rogor gindaT upatronoT qveyanas?
Cveulebrivi, patiosani, samSoblos moyvare qarTveli kaci, romelic
arc erT partias ar emxroba, romelic socialisti ar aris, xSirad
minaxavs. amisTana tipi sazogadoebriv moRvaweebisa CvenSi Zalian
bevria. me SemiZlian davasaxelo bevri amgvari Tu saWiro iqneba. isi­
ni amboben: me socializmis momxre ar vyofilvar Tavis dReSi, magram
dRes socializmi, demokratizmi, internacionalizmi _ erovnuli mi­
swrafeba aris saqarTvelosi, dee iyos, me Tavs vixri amis winaSe, viReb
amas da brZolaSi arc erT socialists ar CamovrCebi, vinaidan eri
mwams da socializmi dRes qarTveli eris erovnuli idealia. ai es
aris namdvili patiosani patrioti samSoblosi, aris moyvare samSob­
losi, romelic qeds ixris ara sxvisi idealis winaSe, aramed mxolod
qarTveli eris winaSe, romelmac scno sazogadod socializmi; amaze
aaSena Tavisi Zliereba da amiT unda warsdges qveynierebis winaSe. Tu
am niadagze davrCebiT, Tqven dainaxavT, rom gamarjvebuli viqnebiT.
yvela am mosazrebiT me winaaRmdegi var Semotanil Sesworebisa da so­
cial-revoliucionerebis fraqciis saxeliT protests vacxadeb, rom
amisTana winadadebis Semotanasac ki adgili aqvs iseT dawesebuleba­
Si, rogoric aris saqarTvelos damoukidebeli kreba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mgelaZes.
vlasa mgelaZe. (s.-d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, moqalaqeno!
aRelvebuli da masTan didi siamovnebiT amovdivar am tribunaze,
romelic morwyuli aris Cveni sisxliT, mSromeli xalxis Zvlebze
aSenebulia da aqedan gviWvrets is da gveubneba, rodesac vicavT Cven
aqedan rame ideas, _ Rirsi varT Cven aRgomisa Tu ara?
me vambob: dRes aq gamosvla Cemi, CemTvis piradad da mSromeli
xalxisTvis mimaCnia istoriul gamosvlaT. ai ratom: saqarTvelos
xalxi da misi umravlesoba, rodesac axal ideas iTvisebda, rodesac
brZolis velze gamodioda ideis dasacavad, man icoda pirdapiroba,
pativiscema mowinaaRmdegisa da Tu mas daamarcxebda, mas Seswevda un­
ari saqveynoT es eTqva umaRles mis tribunidan.
Cven gvaxsovs saqarTvelos istoria, misi zogierTi wlebi. zo­
gierTi wuTebi wiTel ZafiT gaxlavT gabmuli. da me vsargeblob aq
SemTxveviT, rom am wiTel xazebs Tvali gavadevno da davanaxo dam­
fuZnebel krebas da mTel qveyanas Tu ra aris sityva da ra aris saqme.
rodesac dRes aq brZanes, diax, rodesac aq movismine me sityva dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrisa, aq gaisma xma: „kargaT aaSenebT saqarTvelos

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saxelmwifos“-o. diax! rogor vaSenebT saqarTelos saxelmwifos da
rogor uyureben zogierTni aq myofni, ra miaCniaT movaleobad da
risTvis miaCniaT saWiroT es aSeneba, amas Sevexebi. Cven saqarTve­
los saxelmwifos vaSenebT ara imisTvis, rom Sig gagvibatonos Zve­
li weswyobileba. Cven saqarTvelos erovnul interesebs vicavT ara
imisTvis, rom spekulantebma, xoStariam d misma damqaSebma SesZlon
Caudvan Tavisi Sinaarsi, aramed saqarTvelos eris interesi unda
iyos Cayrili, imisTvis vRvareT Cven sisxli, rom aq internacional­
istur lozungebi iyos gabatonebuli. nu Tu Tqven es ar gwmaT? Tqven
aq ar darCebiT da verc es mTavroba darCeba im SemTxvevaSi Tu is ar
iqneba damcveli am lozungisa.
risTvis avimaRleT xma, risTvis SemovikribeT Zala damfuZnebel
krebaSi da rkinis saltesaviT SemovertyiT mas? imisTvis ki ara, rom
Tqveni reaqcionuri lozungebi aq gabatondes da amisTvis moispos
internacionalisturi dResaswauli pirveli maisi. me Tqven gekiTx­
ebiT: amas bedavT aq, amis Tqmas da SegiZlianT aq Cven gverdiT ijdeT?
Cven sisxli imisTvis ki ar gviRvria, WaRarac imisTvis ar Segvirevia
am brZolaSi, rom merme moxvideT aq da gabatondeT da gviTxraT: „mo­
speT umTavresi dResaswaulio“. me vambob: verc mTavroba darCeba da
verc damfuZnebeli kreba, Tu am gzas daadgebian, winaaRmdeg SemTx­
vevaSi, me istoriul sityvas vityvi: Tu ase iqneba da saqarTvelo aseT
gzas daadga, Tu saqarTvelos moevlina raime safrTxe, Cven davan­
grevT kacobriobas. internacionalizmi imisTvis aris sadidebeli da
saRmerTebeli, rom is amsxvrevs erT RmerTs, sWedavs axals da midis
win. Tu gnebavT dRes yvelgan da CvenSic erovnuli miswrafebaa, eris
interesi aris win wamoyenebuli. da Cvenc vibrZviT amisTvis. bevri
Cvengani miveciT brZolis qarcecxls, rogorc yovelTvis, dRes Cven
vibrZviT TavgamodebiT, magram rogor bedavT imis Tqmas, rom inter­
nacionalizmi ar unda iyoso da epotinebiT kidev saerTaSoriso xmas?
Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, ra aris es dResaswauli? me vyofilvr pariz­
Si, mimiRia monawileoba, bastiliis dReobaSi. es ar aris ubralo dRe­
saswaulis dRe. am dRes aris sagangebo matareblebi daniSnuli, rom
movides safrangeTis xalxi provinciidan da ixilos didebuli dRe­
saswauli. Tqven SegiZliaT sTqvaT ai ra gamosWeda frangma, ra emble­
ma, ra idea aaSena. me gekiTxebiT, gana safrangeTSi reaqcionerebi ar
iyvnen? Cven viciT ra dResaswauli aris es dResaswauli, ra aRfrTo­
vaneba aris, rodesac moxuci axalgazrdas exveva da eubneba: „bastilia
dReis Semdeg aRar iqnebao“. yvela gabrwyinebuli saxiT monawileobas
iRebda am dResaswaulSi, yvela ganviTarebuli wreebi da ambobden:
„daingra taxti mzakvrobisao“. ai aseTi aris es dResaswauli da Tqven
ki gamodixarT d bedavT da gveubnebiT, rom es dResaswauli ar unda
darCes, rom es ubralo dResaswauli ariso. me ar davrCebi arc erT
wuTs damfuZnebel krebaSi, ar mivcem Cem Tavs nebas. imis Semdeg, rac
aseTi laparaki gavigone. Cven saqarTvelos vaSenebT xalxisTvis: Cven

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gvaqvs didebuli dResaswaulebi, Cven mas Sinaarsi miveciT. Cven sisx­
li davRvareT da Tu erovnul-demokratebs, spekuliant xoStarias da
sxvebs undaT sxva Sinaarsi Cagvidon, Cven eubnebiT: Cven am damfuZneb­
el krebas gavrekavT. iciT Tu ara es? Cven pativiscema gvesmis, Cven
ZaliT arafers ar mogaxvevT. is droSa, romelic aq aRimarTa, xSir­
ad iyo daviwyebuli. magram xom iciT saidan modioda es droSa, xom
iciT istoriuli xana, rom pirvelad Cveni qarTuli anbani gavigoneT
farnaozis xanaSi. xom iciT aRmarTuli wminda ninos jvari, romliTac
man daamxo kerpebi da mematiane swers: TiTqo Zilisagan gagvaRviZeso.
xom iciT RvTismetyveleba me-5-6-7 saukuneebSi? xom iciT Semoseva
langTemuris, murvan yrusi? Tqven iciT istoriuli gza, iciT sastiki
Savi dReebi saqarTvelos aoxrebisa? magram qarTveli xalxi mudam at­
arebda Tavis gulSi wminda erovnul droSas, ara im moSxamul saxiT,
romelzedac ambobda Joresi: me ar vadgivar velur safexurs samSob­
los dacvaSio. es sadavo iyo. Cven ar vdgevarT am velur safexurzed,
Cven samSoblos siyvaruli gvaqvs, imisTvis vibrZviT. aseT droSiT ga­
movediT, es droSa qarTvel erma mogvca. did saukunoebidan, me-10-12
saukunoebidan dRemdis qarTvelma xalxma SeginaxaT Tqven mSvenieri
musika, aRgizardaT mSvenieri Svilebi da rodesac qarTveli xalxi
gadurCa am qar-cecxls, miuxedavad im Sav-bnel reaqciisa, romelic
aziaSi iyo, rodesac me-14 saukuneSi Cven movwydiT evropas da dar­
danelis Semdeg mTeli aRmosavleTis saqristiano saTareSo gaxda, qa­
rTvel xalxma moaxdina saswauli. rodesac qveyana anarqias moucavs,
qveyana ingreva, is Tavis internacionalur droSiT evropis winaSe
warsdga da daanaxa is droSa, romelzedac dawerili aris: Zmoba, er­
Toba da siyvaruli.
es aris Cveni dResaswauli, romelic aris gaerTianebuli inter­
nacionalis dResaswauli, romelic me vixile parizSi. bastiliis
aRebis dResaswaulis dros, rodesac mTeli mTavroba mxars uWers
mas, matareblebs niSnavs, raTa safrangeTis Svilebma gaixaros bas­
tiliis aRebis dResaswauliT. es aris Zmoba, erToba, erTobis gan­
mtkiceba da aq ki am tribunaze gamodian da erovnul-demokratiis
saxeliT amboben: mospeT Tqveni internacionaluri dResaswaulio.
iciT Tqven, rom manamde mospobT Tqven internacionalizms, moispoba
TviT damfuZnebeli kreba, sanam Cven am nebas mivcemT. Cvenma damfuZne­
blma krebam, Cvenma mTavrobam unda dauWiros mxari mSromel xalxs
Tu Cven dagvWirdeba axali droSis, axali istoriis Seqmna, Cven ar
viqnebiT iseTi mowamluli da moSxamuli, rogor sxvebi. qarTvelma
xalxma mTel qveyanas, internacionals daumtkica, rom eri, romelmac
gamoiCina pirvel saukunidan ukanasknel saukunemde Tavisi ganaTle­
ba, Tavisi kultura da ukanasknel dromde moitana is Tavisi elferi,
_ sakacobrio istoriaSi Seva, mxolod im dros erovnul-demokrate­
bi aq ar iqnebian, imitom rom aq spekuliantebi da vaWrebi ara varT.
Tu erovnul-demokratebi amas daiwyeben, maSin Cveni mTavroba iZule­

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buli iqneba gadadges da Cven CavabarebT portfelebs. maSin swored
agviSenebT iseT saqarTvelos, iseT marTva-gamgeobas, rogorc Tqven
gindaT. glaxaT aSenebT saqarTvelos, Tqven gviTxariT. Cven viciT,
rogorc aSeneben erovnul-demokratebi, Cven ar gveSinian denikinis,
Cven ar gveSinian inglisisa, romelic aq mosuli aris, Cven gveSinian
internacionalisa, saerTo droSisa, da unda movkvdeT ise, rogorc
Seefereba saxelovan demokratias. is gabedva, romelic aq iyo, dar­
wmunebuli var, iqneba pirveli da ukanaskneli, imitom, rom interna­
cionaluri droSa waSala. maCveneT mTel evropaSi, romelma klasma
mogvca Zmoba, erToba da siyvaruli, burJuaziam mogvca? burJuaziam
mohkla saxelovani Joresi. burJuazia dRes hxuTavs yovelives. bavSve­
bi quCaSi yrian da SimSiliT kvdebian, da am dros ki burJuazias Seu­
Zlia dastkbes da iqeifos. Cven ki ar SegviZlian, Cven brZolas vawar­
moebT, Tqven ki ambobT koaliciaze. gamodixarT da ambobT: radganac
koalicia gvinda, TqvenTan erTad siaruli gvinda, waSaleT interna­
cionaluri dResaswauli. me fraqciaSi winaaRmdegi viyavi, pativce­
mul amxanags vebrZodi am kiTxvaSi. me veubnebodi: kaco, saxelmwifo
gavyaviT, eklesia da saxelmwifo. deda myavs moxuci, did pativs vcem,
gana me uSli, rodesac is nawilebs iRebs, loculobs, xatebs emTxveva?
es mas aqvs sulSi, gulSi, wavides da ilocos (xmauroba, sicili) me ar
uSli, arc is miSlis. aq rodesac meubnebian koaliciazed, eg ar iyos,
me wavSli aqedgan. am ideas vebrZvi. me adamiani var: RmerTebi rom
avaSene davamsxvrev da axlebs Sevqmni. me ar meSinian. mexi rom gavar­
deba, pirjvars iweren, RmerTi ariso. araferi ar aris, aris brZola.
aris da iqneba. me fraqciaSi principialurad winaaRmdegi viyavi. me
vambobdi, rom eklesia gamovyaviT, visac unda ilocos, wabrZandes da
sadac unda ilocos. es rwmenis sakiTxi aris. magram samwuxarod es ar
gavida, fraqciis mis umravlesobam damaxrCo. imdens vSfoTavdi, rom
xandaxan ver vetevi xolme skamze. pativcemulma Tavmjdomarem brZa­
na: gaCerdiT Torem quCaSi gagagdebTo. Tu quCaSi gamagdebs iq viqnebi
da iq vebrZvi. (xmauroba, sicili). iqidan xom ver gamagdebs pativce­
muli Tavmjdomare. (xmauroba). am tribunas ar davanebeb da vibrZvi.
biWo, Cemi amxanagebi daixocnen, es tribuna dagvitoves da meubnebi­
an: waSale principi internacionalizmisao. aba biWo,ra maqvs SenTan
saerTo, cimbirSi samSoblodan gamagdes, erTi TavadiSvili Semx­
vda, romelic ambobda: samSoblodan gamagdeso. me megona, is miwaze
da teritoriaze laparakobda. is ki ambobda: TeatrSi veRar vivli,
zurnazedac veRar viqeifeb. me ki TeatrSi ar vyofilvar mis dReSi,
maSin amis saSualeba ar mqonda. vsTqvi, marTlac, rom daukargavs amas
samSoblo, imitom rom amas yvelaferi hqonda da me ki araferi mqonda.
samSoblo maSin vigrZen. diax, aRar davanebeb arc Tavads, arc xoStar­
ias, arc sxva vismes. samSoblo miyvars vibrZvi imisTvis. deda myavs
aq, daic, mxolod am dResaswauls ar davanebeb. (xmauroba). Cven gva­
qvs udidesi, umaRlesi sagani, eklesia unda gavyoT saxelmwifosagan.

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me vicavdi amas fraqciaSi, magram gavida umravlesoba rasac icavda.
magram me vacxadeb am tribunidan, Tu Cven aseT sityvebs gagvibedav­
en... (xmuroba, ar ismis). Cven davarRvevT yvelafers; Cven gveubnebian
samSoblozed, Cven gvaSineben denikiniT; Cven denikinisa ar gveSinian.
iciT, rom aris kaloubnis dResaswauli? Tqven iciT es ras niSnavs?
es imas niSnavs, rom dedebi Tavis ZuZebiT kalos evlebodnen, imitom
rom bavSvebs lewavdnen. Tu es ar iciT, istoria SeiswavleT da ge­
codinebaT. es droSa, saerTaSoriso droSa, waSaleTo da moipoveT
sxvao! Cven ver wavSliT im droSas, romelic movitaneT farnaozis
droidan. aqamdisin moaqvT es droSa. auarebeli xalxi varT am dro­
Sis garSemo, romelic mivida parizSi, mivida internacionalSi, da
exla meubnebian, rom nu idResaswaulebT internacionalsao. qarTvel
xalxs daxvevia viRac spekuliantebi, spekuliantebi xom ar mouvlian
am samSoblos. amboben bolSevikebi movleno, xalxs etyvian wadiT sax­
lebi CamoarTviT mdidrebsao, glexebi miemxrobian. bolSevikebi ki
ar aris saSiSi, Cven varT glaxebi da es aris saSiSi, saSisi is aris,
rom ratom yria quCaSi bavSvebi. saxlebi unda CamoerTvaT da bavSvebi
movaTavsoT Sig. veraviTari kaci ver mova veraviTari bolSeviki ver
mova. magram Tu araviTar Sinaars ar CadebT aq, maSin rogorc marqsi
ambobda damfuZnebeli kreba kretinaT gadiqceva da gavrekavT Tqven
parlaments, Tu iTqva amisTana sityvebi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs asaTians.
aleqsandre asaTiani. (er.-dem.) gancxadeba damfuZnebel krebis
wevrisa _ baton mgelaZisa albad gaugebrobaze aris aSenebuli. mas
rom gaego is, rac aq iyo Tqmuli, maSin adgili ar eqneboda mis aseTs
mRelvarebas (mgelaZe: ar maRelvebs is, visac ar uyvars!) da ai ratom:
Cven srulebiT ar vcdilobT internacionalur dResaswaulis mospo­
bas. rogorc udResaswaulniaT aqamomde, ise momavalSiac idResas­
wauleben, amas aravin ar dauSlis maT rogorc evropaSi, ise aqac Cvens
demokratiul saqarTveloSi. amis winaaRmdeg araferi ar gviTqvams.
Cven mxolod vambobT: saxelmwifos uqmeebi, saxelmwifos dResaswau­
li, saxelmwifos droSa _ es erTi aris da internacionaluri, kla­
siuri uqme da droSa _ meore aris. damfuZnebel krebaSi amis garCeva
yvelasaTvis savaldebulo unda iyos. aravin ar moiTxovs, rom inter­
nacionali ar idResaswaulos visac es surs, magram nuravin nu moiTx­
ovs, rom klasiuri uqme idResaswaulos mTelma qarTvelma xalxma. ve­
ravin ver damarwmunebs, rom qarTveli xalxis umravlesobas swamdes
da uqmad miaCndes internacionalis Tu ruseTis revoliuciis pir­
veli dRe. Tqven ver ityviT, rom am xalxs es internacionali ufro
swamdes vinem is uqmeebi, romelnic mas SeuTvisebia mraval saukunis
ganmavlobaSi, romelic dRes aris misi zne, misi Cveuleba. amitom
samoqalaqo uqmeebad unda darCen mxolod axali weli da saqarTve­
los ganTavisuflebis, misi damoukideblobis dRe _ 26 maisi, rogorc
udidesi erovnuli dRe. saeklesio uqmeebis Semcirebis Sesaxeb ki saW­

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iroa eklesiis dakiTxva da masTan SeTanxmeba. rac Seexeba im muqarebs,
romelic aq gaisma da mtkiceba, rom amas aq veravin gabedavs dReida­
no, unda mogaxsenoT, rom rac saTqmelia, rac saWiroa, rom iTqvas amas
gavbedavT da vityviT momavalSiac, rogorc exla vbedavT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) ori winadadeba aris, pirveli is, rom rac
Seexeba saeklesio uqmeebis dReebs es viTom SeTanxmebiT unda moxdes
am uwyebasTan.
baton asaTians daaviwyda, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aris kanonmde­
blobiTi kreba, romelsac aqvs xelSi uzenaesi ufleba. nu Tu es advi­
li kiTxva ar aris, rom Cven aq vwyvetT sworeT am sakiTxs, ra miviRoT,
ra davawesoT da ra kanoni SemoviRoT. amisTvis gana saWiro aris, rom
vinmes vkiTxoT, es xom SeTanxmeba ar aris. (kedia: sakuTar Wkuas unda
hkiTxoT) es xom Semcireba aris im uflebisa, romliTac aRWurvili
aris damfuZnebeli kreba. damfuZnebeli kreba xom aris gamomxatveli
xalxis survilisa da nebisa, maSasadame, ranairi Semcdari azri aris,
sruliad daufiqrebeli azri, rom am SemTxevevaSi raime uwyebasTan
movaxdinoT SeTanxmeba. Cven arsebiTad unda SevexoT, da asaTiani ar­
sebiTad ki ar Seexeba am sakiTxs, is ase swyvets m sakiTxs: eklesiam
es sakiTxi gadaswyvita, eklesias es sakiTxi hsurs maSasadame, brmad
Cven unda miviRoT da TiTqmis is daskvna gamoitana, rom damfuZnebel
krebas ar SeuZlian Seexos am sakiTxs.
me mgonia rom is Semcdari aris.
Cemis azriT is aris aRmocenebuli SeuZleblobaze (gvazava: ara
marTla Tu RmerTi gwams?).
meore sakiTxi, meore kiTxva is aris, rom viTom is uqmeebi damt­
kicebulia saukunoebiT, magram rac guSin Cven migvaCnda uqmeT Sei­
Zleba dRes es aRar iyos uqme da SesaZlebelia, rom xalxma moiTxovos
sxva dResaswauli, da swored dRes es moTxovnileba aris, rom es uq­
meebi Cven ar miviRoT. amisda mixedviT me mgonia, rom es meore azri
moklebulia im simarTles, romelic CvenTvis saWiro aris.
meore sityva b. asaTianma daamTavra imiT, rom samarTlianoba
moiTxovso, rom amoSlili iyos „pirveli dRe revoliuciisa, da pir­
veli dRe internacionalisao“, viTom es aris survili xalxisa. saidan,
ra wyaro da sabuTi aqvs amisi baton asaTians, rom ase msjelobs? pir­
veli dRe revoliuciisa, vTqvaT, kerZoT CvenTvis, rom aviRoT, nuTu
imas didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, nu Tu marTla udidesi dRe ar aris?
baton asaTianma miCvenos imiTana udidesi dRe, rogorc aris pirveli
dRe revoliuciisa, romelmac mogvitana Cven Tavisufleba, romelmac
mogvitana Cven damoukidebloba, gana b. asaTiani damoukideblobas ar
scems pativs? scems da Tu scems, igi movalea, rom revoliuciis pir­
vel dResac pativi sces, movaleoba aris CvenTvis, rom es dRe saval­
debulo iyos, rom qarTvel xalxma es Seignos da Segnebulad miiswra­
fodes im dResaswaulisadmi. misi Sromis Sedegi aris es dRe, da nu Tu

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am dRes TiTonve pativi ar unda sces, nu Tu es dRe misTvis wmindaTa
wminda ar unda iyos. nu Tu ar unda gamoacxados, rom es dRe sazeimo
aris, zeimiT unda gatardes es dRe?! nu Tu es savaldebuloa CemTvis
da savaldebulo ar aris baton asaTianisTvis (gvazava: 26 maiss?)
Tqven gaviwydebaT batono gvazava, rom es 26 maisi da 12 marti da­
kavSirebuli aris. Tu 12 marti ar iqneboda, Tu 12 marti ar yofiliyo,
26 maisic ar iqneboda. (taSi).
nu Tu Tqven TxoulobT, rom aseTi martivi sakiTxi agixsnaT? exla
mogvivida cnoba, rom sazRvar-gared, marto bernSi da amsterdamSi
icnes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, vin icno? (kedia. didi realoba
ggoniaT?).
batono asaTiano, swored im demokratiis warmomadgenlebma,
swored im xalxma, romlebsac swamT es dRe, romelnic arian interna­
cionalis momxreni da internacionalistebi arian da Tqven xom mogex­
senebaT ra gansxvaveba aris dRes parizis da bernis Soris. parizSi
sxvebi sxedan, imperialistebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac jerje­
robiT Cveni damoukidebloba ar icnes, maSasadame, Tqven am interna­
cionals ar unda sceT pativi? (gvazava: ratom gagzavneT?) swored rom
pirvel maisis dRe aris dRe mSromel xalxisa da saqarTvelo ekuTvnis
swored am mSromel xalxs da swored amisTvis Cven vscnobT saqarTve­
los damoukideblobas da gamovxatavT eris neba-survils, rom saqarT­
velo iyos erTi nawili im saerTaSoriso xalxisa; xalxma gadasdga es
nabiji. es nabiji unda ganxorcieldes da nu Tu pirdapir warmosadge­
ni ar aris, rom es internacionali imisTvis aris Zvirfasi, rom is aris
dakavSirebuli im revoliuciasTan, romelic swored SemoqmedebiTi
Zala iyo, da es SemoqmedebiTi Zala Cven gavaSuqeT da Cven gvgonia, rom
es internacionali, romelsac qvs didi momavali, romelic aris safuZ­
veli Cveni momavlisa, romelmac unda ganamtkicos Cveni damoukide­
bloba, Cveni Tavisufleba. Tqven gamodixarT da ambobT, rom amisTana
dRe Cven ar unda vidResaswauloTo. me mgonia, rom swored gaugebari
aris. ra niadagze aris aRmocenebuli es Tqveni winadadeba?
me ar megona, rom SesaZlebeli iqneboda aq amisTana winadadebis
Semotana. me ver gaukeTeb veraviTar daskvnas am fsixologiur su­
liskveTebas erovnul-demokratebisas, rom sworeT es uqme dRe iyos
mospobili.
ar vici, me mgonia, rom nacional-demokratebma am SemTxvevaSi, ar
Seignes sidiade am dResaswaulisa, me mgonia, rom safrTxobi aris si­
tyva revoliucia, sityva revoliucia maT aSinebT, ai amaze aris aSen­
ebuli maTi gamosvla.
me mgonia, rom aq didi sityva, bevri kamaTi ar aris saWiro, es
aris mSromel xalxis dResaswauli, saqarTvelo eyrdnoba am Sromas.
saqarTvelos momavali unda iyos dafuZnebuli am Sromaze, Cven unda
SevqmnaT Sromis saxelmwifo, am Sromis saxelmwifos Cvenve unda vem­
saxuroT.

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 me mgonia, es unda iyos safuZveli momaval saxelmwifosi, romel­
sac swored es ori dRe unda daedos safuZvlad _ dRe internaciona­
lisa da revoliuciisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
maxaraZe. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, me ar megona, rom aq am kanonis
winaaRmdeg gamoilaSqrebdnen sworeT im azriT, ra azriT gamoilaS­
qra aq damfuZnebel krebis wevrma batonma asaTianma. me mgonia, rom
Sesworebas eqneboda kerZo xasiaTi, iqneba winadadeba gamoklebisa ama
Tu im muxlisa da ar iqneboda dayenebuli im niadagze, romelzedac
daayena erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciis warmomadgenelma. meore
mxriv me unda vsTqva, winaaRmdeg im Cem amxanagisa, romelmac aq gamo­
acxada, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia aseTi ram warmoiTqvas am tribuni­
dano, me unda vsTqva, rom rac gulwrfelad da pirdapir warmoiTqme­
ba is, rac visac gulSi aqvs, es CvenTvis ufro ukeTesia. aravis imisi
ar eSinian Tu ras gamosTqvams aq esa Tu is damfuZnebel krebis wevri.
CvenTvis aris saWiro mxolod damfuZnebel krebis dadgenileba, im um­
ravlesobis suliskveTeba, romelic gamoxatavs damfuZnebel krebas,
rogorc xalxis warmomadgenels. da Cven mudam mzaT varT movisminoT
aq esa Tu is azri, da me darwmunebuli var rom is dadgenileba, romel­
sac miiRebs damfuZnebeli kreba, is umravlesoba, misi socialisturi
Semadgenloba, is namdvil gamoZaxils hpovebs qarTvel xalxSi da mis
masaSi. damfuZnebel krebas da mSromel xalxs ar eSiniaT imisa, Tu
ras ityvis memarjvene partiis warmomadgeneli. ai swored amaSi aris
qarTveli xalxis Zala, qarTvel mSromel xalxis Zala, rom rac unda
iTqvas am tribunidan, Tu meore tribunidan mas ar aSinebs, masSi bevri
aris saRi Zalebi, romelsac ar eSinian da romelic win aRudgeba ama
Tu im normalur movlenas. dapirdapireba ki saeklesio da samoqalaqo
uflebis aq yovlad miuReblad mimaCnia. me mgonia, rom zogierTi Zvel
warmodgenas Tundac sarwmunoebis warmodgenas aqvs niadagi im for­
maSi ra formaSiac is miuRebeli aris xalxis iseTi nawilisTvis, ro­
melic kulturul winsvlaSi Zlier CamorCenili aris. me gavigebdi,
rom kidev am niadagze daeyenebinaT es sakiTxi, rom zogierTi nawili
Cveni xalxisa miuxedavaT imisa, rom mizanewonileba aris imaSi, rom
Semokldes uqmeebis ricxvebi, ver gaigebs gansakuTrebiT fanatiku­
ri nawilebi Tu darCa CvenSi, ver gaigebs da miscems CvenSi iseT elf­
ers, romelic zians moutans Cvens mSromel xalxs, Cven demokratias.
me mesmis, rom Tu marTla aris aseTi nawili Cveni xalxisa, romelic
ver gaigebs, da Tu imas daemateba demagogia cud xarisxisa, maSin ra­
sakvirelia erTnair garTulebas Cven cxovrebaSi gamoiwvevs, magram
rodesac Cven aseTi kanon-proeqti Semogvqonda, Cven sruliad ar vexe­
bodiT arc xalxis rwmenas, arc xalxis adaTs. Cven kanon-proeqtsa aqvs
mxolod mizani warmoebisTvis Semoklebuli iqmnes dResaswaulTa
ricxvi da gadidebuli iqnes samuSao dReebis ricxvi. ai es mizani aqvs
Cven kanon-proeqts, da rom saWiro aris es Semokleba am pirobebSi,

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romelSiac Cven exla varsebobT, rom es saWiro aris me es ganvmarte
im moxsenebaSi, romliTac warmovadgine es kanon-proeqti. Cven viciT,
Cven ganvicdidiT did oms, da exla Cveni revoliuciis Semdeg, omis
qarcecxlSi vimyofebiT, da Tu, rom es miviReT aseTi Svidi Tu rva
dRe uqmeebis gamokleba, marTla tradiciul Sexedulebis Tvalsaxed­
viTac, rom aviRoT, xalxSi ukmayofilebas ar gamoiwvevs. ara Tu es,
aramed ufro didi zomebi, rom miviRoT, es gasakvirveli ar iqneboda.
gasakvirveli ar iqneboda imisTvis, visac saxeSi aqvs ganmtkiceba Cve­
ni saxelmwifosi, Cveni ekonomiur cxovrebis gajansaReba. visac mar­
to es aqvs miRebuli mxedvelobaSi da ara aqvs marto saxeSi, rom es
tradiciebi gaamagreben ama Tu im mimarTulebas, _ visac es aqvs saxeSi,
is gaigebs Cven winadadebas.
kanon-proeqtSi Cven vambobT, rom uqmeebi Semcirdes. vimeoreb,
rom uqmeebis Semcireba sruliad ar exeba rwmenas; es imas niSnavs, rom
saxelmwifo Tavis Tavze ar iRebs amas. Tu vinmes unda idResaswaulos
esa Tu is dRe _ saxelmwifos xarjze ar moxdeba es, saxelmwifo didi
xarjs ar gaswevs imisTvis, rom esa Tu is uqmeebi arsebobdes. am Jamad
Cven unda miviRoT zomebi, rom saxelmwifos ekonomiuri mdgomareoba
normalur pirobebSi CavayenoT. es aris mxolod paliativi, es ar aris
sruli gajansaReba da am paliativs vSovobT, rodesac saWiroa. rac
Seexeba tradiciebis dacvas, Cven viciT, rom rac ufro ganuviTarebe­
li aris xalxi, miT ufro icavs is tradiciebs (kedia: rogorc ingli­
si, magaliTad!) Cven ki gamovdivarT iqidan, rom saqarTvelos xalxi
dRes damdgari aris kulturul niadagze. dro aris, rom gauswordes
es mowinave qveynebs (gvazava: inglisi!) inglisi CamorCenili qveyana
ar aris, magram me mogaxseneT aq Tqven maSin cifrebi, rom inglisSi
arsebobs dRes eqvsi uqme, kvira dReebs garda, da Cven davtoveT garda
kvirisa 13-14 uqme. maSasadame, Tu Tqven gnebavT gauswordeT ingliss
am mxriv, Cven unda movakloT ramodenime uqme dRe. mxolod am mosaz­
rebiT vfiqrob, rom araviTar winaaRmdegobas im mxriv, ra mxrivaTac
ambobdnen, Cven ar movelodiT da unda vTqva, rom rac ufro ganuvi­
Tarebeli, rac ufro kulturulad dabali aris xalxi, miT ufro af­
asebs xolme sarwmunoebis Cveulebas. ara rwmenas. rwmenas Cven ar vex­
ebiT, visac unda, ramdeni dRec unda weliwadSi idResaswaulos.
Cveni saxelmwifo dReidan ki ar adgeba am gzas, rom Semoklebu­
li iqnes uqme dReebi. swored is dekreti, romelic gatarebuli aris
CvenSi 20 noembers, am dekretis mixedviT, amoSlili iyos is uqmeebi,
romelsac uqmobden da romelic saeklesio did uqmeebaT iTvleboda.
am gzas davadegiT Cven maSin da Tqven iciT kargad, rom am dRes ar
hqonda is mniSvneloba, rom saxelmwifoSi arev-dareva Semoetana, See­
laxa rwmena Cveni xalxisa. Tqven ar SegiZlianT daasaxeloT faqtebi,
rom saeklesio uqmeebis amoricxvam raime aRelveba gamoiwvia CvenSi.
SeiZleba aRelveba gamoiwvia romelime erovnul-demokratebis wreeb­
Si, magram maTi aRelveba Cven xalxSi ar axdens araviTar gavlenas. Cven

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darwmunebuli varT, rom is aRelveba, romelic SeiZleba erT jgufSi
gamoiwvios am kanon-proeqtma, araviTar aRelvebas ar gamoiwvevs Cve­
ni xalxis did umravlesobaSi da Cven am xalxis umravlesobis Sexed­
ulebaze vdgevarT.
aq iZlevian winadadebas, rom gauqmebul iqnas saeklesio uqmeebi
ara Cveni dadgenilebiT, aramed egred wodebul saeklesio biurokra­
tiul wreebis dadgenilebiT. me ar mesmis sakiTxis ase dayeneba. ekle­
sia Cven gvesmis, rogorc morwmuneT Semadgenloba. amnairad saqarT­
velos xalxi, xalxis warmomadgenloba aris, rogorc erTi eklesia.
saqarTvelos xalxis warmomadgenelni arian aq, da rodesac Tqven am­
bobT, rom mimarTeT saeklesio uwyebas, erTi wris warmomadgenlebs
xalxisaso, _ es imas niSnavs, rom Cven kanonmdeblobaSi miviRoT iseTi
meTodi, rom arc erTi uqme ar gamovtovoT.
me darwmunebuli var, rom Tu Cven am gzas davadeqiT arc erT uqmis
amoSlis nebas ar mogvcems is wre, romelzedac aq laparakobT. dam­
fuZnebel krebis mTeli muSaoba amiT Seborkili iqneba. gnebavT es Tu
ara? SeiZleba gnebavT es, da Tu gnebavT yalb niadags adgexarT da am
yalb niadags, rasakvirvelia, Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba ar gaiziarebs.
rac Seexeba samoqalaqo uwyebis mospobas, es damfuZnebel krebam,
romelic sdgas revoliuciisa da internacionalis niadagze da ro­
melic ibrZvis internacionaluri da revoliucionuri droSis qveS,
ukve miiRo. imis Tqma, rom mospobili iyos dResaswauli, romelic am
mniSvnelobaze, am niadagze sdgas _ yovlad miuRebeli aris. da isini,
vinc winaaRmdegs laparakoben, laparakoben reaqcionuri surviliT,
_ es aris denikinizmi, rodesac mobrZandeba denikini, swored maSin
ganaxorcieleben... (gvazava: demagogiaa, ar iqneba ese laparaki, Что
это такое?!) rodesac Tqven gveubnebiT internacionalis mospobaze da
rodesac Tqveni laparakis logikur Sedeges geubnebiT, Tqven es gaS­
foTebT da gaRelvebT. me gamomyavs Tqveni loRikis Sedegebi (gvaza­
va: es Tqveni loRika gaxlavT!) Tu ar gindaT, rom aseTi loRikuri
Sedegi gamoviyvanoT, maSin nu ityviT imas, rasac brZanebT.
amnairad me winadadebas vaZlev damfuZnebel krebas mTlianad
da ucvlelad miiRos Cveni kanon-proeqti. rac Seexeba Sesworebas,
iuridiul komisiis mier warmodegnils, „didi paraskevis Sesaxeb,
rasakvirvelia, es iseTi kiTxva ar aris, rom naTlad SeiZlebodes
damtkiceba: _ usaTuod didi paraskevi iseTi dRe aris, rom unda am­
ovSaloTo. winaaRmdeg, an sasargeblod am winadadebisa, rasakvirve­
lia, bevri SeiZleba iTqvas, magram saqme imaSi aris, rom erTi an ori
dRe aRdgomis win unda rCebodes; Cven Tanaxma varT, Cven gvwams, rom
es dResaswauli didi nawilisTvis saWiro aris, momzadeba aris saW­
iro, magram erTi dRec amisaTvis sruliad sakmarisi aris. winadade­
ba iyo Cven komisiis, rom es dRec, SabaTic, amoSlili iqnes. ra Tqma
unda amas Tavis Tavad didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram Cven kompromis­
iuli winadadeba miviReT: SabaTi davtoveT da paraskevi amovSaleT.

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me vfiqrob, rom didi safuZveli imisTvis, rom paraskevi darCes aR­
dgomisTvis mosamzadeblad, amas didi safuZveli ara aqvs. erTi dRe
Tu ara, ori mainc darCenili aris. komisiaSi laparaki iyo skolebis
Sesaxeb. iq Tavisi wesi aris. rasakvirvelia, mowafeebi iqmnebian daTx­
ovnilni paraskevs, xolo muSaoba qarxnebSi da dawesebulebebSi unda
swarmoebdes, Tavi da Tavi mniSvneloba aqvs amas.

Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba

Tavmjdomare. ori Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili: iuridiul

komisiisa da erovnul demokratebisa, orive Sesworeba uaryofili
gaxlavs. pirveli muxli miRebulia. damatebas muxlisas me mgonia ken­
Wi ar unda uyaroT, vinaidan gamomdinareobs pirvel Sesworebidan,
romelic uaryofilia.
kanon-proeqti saerTod miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komi­
sias. me Cems Tavs nebas vaZlev cotaodeni ganmarteba mogaxsenoT. aq
krebis wevrma mgelaZem brZana TiTqmis Tavmjdomare damuqrebodes mas
krebidan gagdebas. rasakvirvelia, amis mgzavsi araferi ar yofila,
magram me Tanaxmad reglamentisa, rogorc Tavmjdomare, valdebuli
viyavi rodesac SeSfoTeba astyda mimeTiTebina deputatisTvis, rom
Sesaferi wesrigi daecva.
meore. aq deputatma ganacxada, rom am tribunidan aseTi azrebi
aramc da aramc ar gahbedoT da ar gamosTqvaT. me Tqven winaSe minda
ganvacxado, batonebo, rom manam me Tavmjdomaris savarZelSi var, ar
mivcem nebas Cem Tavs aukrZalo vismes am tribunaze gamosvla Tavisu­
flad gamoTqma Tavis azrisa da Sexedulobisa. me ese mesmis Tavmj­
domaris movaleoba da me mgonia didi umetesoba damfuZnebel krebi­
sa amas iziarebs. (xmebi. suyvelas ese esmis!) ai es ori ganmarteba.
Semdeg gaxlavT muxlobrivi ganxilva sazom-sawonTa palatis
kanon-proeqtisa. momxsenebli gaxlavT batoni asaTiani.
aleq. asaTiani. (kiTxulobs sazom-sawon palatis kanon­-proeqts.
kanon-proeqti miRebuli da damtkicebuli iqna Tavis StatiT. miRe­
bul iqmna agreTve imave oratoris moxsenebiT muxlobriv ganxilvis
Semdeg kanon-proeqti _ sasinjao sammarTvelos Sesaxeb da damtkice­
buli iqmna ucvlelad proeqtTan darTuli Stati).

dekretis moxsna wesrigidan.

Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: dekreti jarTa naw­

ilebidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego zomebisa. prezidiums mouvida iu­
ridiul komisiis qaRaldi, sadac naTqvamia, rom ganxilva ver moas­
wres da Txouloben, Tu SeiZleba, droebiT gadidos es kanon-proeqti.

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surs Tu ara vismes sityva? winaaRmdegi Tu aravin aris, maSasadame,
dekreti droebiT moxsnili gaxlavs.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa mTavari sabaJo

sammarTvelos da fo­T is da soxumis sabaJoebis
gadidebis Sesaxeb

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri daviT SaraSiZe.

daviT SaraSiZe. (s.-d.) rodesac gasul wels parlamentSi sabaJo­
ebis Statebi Semovida gansaxilvelad, es Sta­tebi didi ekonomiiT
iyo navaraudevi. maSin, rogorc mogexsenebaT, teritoria Cveni ufro
mcire iyo, amis garda savaWro gacvla-gamocvla naklebi iyo, vide
exla. am ukanasknel Tveebis ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT am wlis gan­
mavlobaSi, ise gaizarda sabaJo muSaoba, rom mravali meore da mesame
xarisxovani sabaJoebi ver uwvdebian Tavis saqmes, da amitom mTavari
sabaJo iZulebulia Zalian xSirad miaxmaros Tavis ganyofilebebs
adgilobrivi Zalebi Tfilisidan, rac, aferxebs TviT mTavar saba­
Jos muSaobas, radganac Tqven mogexsenebaT mTavari samuSao, baJis­
agan gawmendis muSaoba xdeba mTavar sabaJoSi. rac didia saqoneli,
rac vagonebiT saqoneli modis, rogorc baTumis mxaredan, ase sxva, _
ase iwmindeba baJisagan TfilisSi. amnairad gansakuTrebiT gaizarda
operaciebi sabaJoSi. agreTve sanainSi somxebisaken, Semdeg yazbegSi
da natanebSi, uwyebas azraT hqonda sami maTgani, mesame xarisxis saba­
Joebi, sadac sul sami mosamsaxure aris, es mesame xarisxis sabaJoebi
gaexada meore xarisxis sabaJoebad, amisTvis saTanado kanon-proeqti
unda Semoetana damfuZnebel krebaSi, magram kontroliori amas ar
daeTanxma da scno ufro mizanSewonilad, rom mesame xarisxis sabaJo­
ebis gadaqmnis adgilas _ gadidebuli iqmnes Statebi, rom aseT mTa­
var sabaJos SeZleba hqondes, rom wargzavnos adgilobrivi Zalebi,
raTa daxmareba aRmouCinos adgilobriv sabaJoebs. amitom es proeqti
moxsna da xelaxlad Semoitana uwyebam kanon-proeqti, romlis Zal­
iT emateba ramdenime axali Tanamdeboba. amgvarad diddeba Statebi
umTavresad mTavar sabaJoSi da unda vigulisxmoT, rom momatebuli
iqneba zedmeti mosamsaxureebi, romelic iqnebian ara marto Tfili­
sis sabaJoSi, aramed gaigzavnebian adgilobrivad, rogorc yazbegSi,
sanainSi, agreTve momatebuli iqneba zogierTi axali Tanamdeboba fo­
Tis da soxumis sabaJoebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT gaizarda muSaoba.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTod kanon-proeqtis Sesaxeb?
aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze?
maSasadame, saTanado vadis Semdeg daubrundebiT meore muxlobriv
ganxilvas.
_ Semdeg sakiTxi gaxlavT

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 dekreti milion naxevar maneTis gadadebisa saqonlis
Wiris asacrel Sratis dammzadebel sadguris
gasafarToveblad quTaisSi.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri iremaSvili.

ioseb iremaSvili (s.-d.) batonebo! dekreti Seexeba milion naxevar
maneTis gadadebas saqonlis Wiris asacrel Sratis damzadebisTvis.
saqme imaSi gaxlavT, rom saqonlis Wiri gavrcelebulia, rogorc qu­
Tisis, ise Tbilisis guberniaSi. amnairad mTeli respublika modebu­
lia aseT saqonlis WiriT. auarebeli muSa-saqoneli ecleba glexkacs
xelidan. amiT, rasakvirvelia, soflis meurneoba did zarals ganic­
dis da mTel erovnul simdidres miliardebi akldeba. saxelmwifom,
rasakvirvelia, amaze unda izrunos da yovelive RonisZieba miiRos,
rom saqonlis Wiri Semcirebul iqmnes, Tu ara mospobili.
amisTvis arsebobs mxolod erTad-erTi sadguri quTaisis guber­
niaSi, Sratis amcreli sadguri, romelic amzadebs am Srats. arsebobs
agreTve zurnabatis aseTi ganyofileba am sadgurisa, magram es sadgu­
ri am Jamad gauqmebulia da gauqmebulic, rom ar iyos, es aderbeijanis
teritoriaze arsebobs da misiT sargebloba ar SegviZlian.
maSasadame, respublikaSi am Jamad mogvepoveba erTad-erTi Sra­
tis dammzadebeli sadguri da Cveni movaleobaa am sadgurs yovelnai­
ri saSualeba mivceT, rom gafarTovdes da gaumjobesdes.
amasTan, es sadguri metad Seviwroebul pirobebSi aris. ar aris
sakmarisi saqoneli, romlis sisxlidan amzadeben am Srats. am saqon­
lis yidvisTvis, sazrdosTvis, movla-patronobisTvis bevri ram aris
saWiro. 16 ianvars mimdinare wels mTavrobis sxdomaze moxseneba
gaukeTebia saeqimo-sasanitaro gamges da mTavrobam mxedvelobaSi
miiRo misi moxseneba da gadadva erTi milioni maneTi 10 milionian
fondidan. magram Sinagan sqmeTa saministro adgens milion naxevar
maneTs imitom, rom 16 ianvridan dRes-dReobamde TiTqmis naxevari we­
liwadi aris gasuli da am xnis ganmavlobaSi, erTis mxriv, muSa-saqon­
lis da maTi gamokvebis fasi gaizarda da meores mxriv, miiRes mxedve­
lobaSi Cveni bonebis cota ar iyos dacemac.
amnairad milion naxevars moiTxovs Sinagan saqmeTa saministro.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es dekreti da es Tanxa mini­
mumad aRiara. aramc Tu milion naxevari, am saqmisTvis unda gadaidos
ufro metico.
komisiis azriT, rom erTxel da samudamod moewyos es Sratis dam­
mzadebeli sadguri, amisTvis meti daxmareba unda aRmoeCinos mas, ma­
gram radganac am Jamad Seviwrovebulia Cveni finansiuri mdgomareo­
ba da sakmarisi fuli ar mogveZebneba, amisTvis Zvel Tanxas umatebs
naxevar milions da Semoaqvs winadadeba, rom es dekreti iyos miRebu­
li damfuZnebel krebis mier.

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 Tavmjdomare. vis surs es sityva? msurveli aravin aris. winaaRm­
degi aravin aris, maSasadame es dekreti miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias. gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi dRis wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs dRis wesrigs, ris Semdegac Tavmjdomare sx­
domas daxurulad acxadebs).
sxdoma Tavdeba 1 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

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 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdameSvide sxdoma

1919 weli, ivnisis 17. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
grigol naTaZe.
simon mdivani da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba SuadRis 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur
wesrigs.

komisiebSi gadasacemi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs komisiebSi gadasacem sakanonmdeblo aqtebis

sias).
1. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti dekretisa naxevari milioni
man. gadadebis Sesaxeb _ anarqiasTan sabrZolvelaT. gadaeces sabiuje­
to-safinanso komisias.
2. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris proeqti dekreti­
sa 1917 w. martis 20-s kanonis (kooperatiul amxanagobaTa da kavSire­
bis registraciis vadisa) gangrZobis Sesaxeb. gadaeces iuridiul
komisias.
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ qalaq TbilisSi erT­
droul sanitarul gadasaxadis dawesebis Sesaxeb. gadaeces sabiuje­
to-safnanso da adgilobriv mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis
komisiaT. damfuZnebeli kreba am nusxas adasturebs.

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 germanelTa axalSenebis mimarTva.

krebis mdivani moaxsenebs krebas amier-kavkasiis germanelTa axal­

Senis asi wlis Sesrulebis dResaswaulis gamo damfuZnebel krebisad­
mi mimarTvas.

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti _ uqme dReebis ricxvis Semcirebis kanonisa.

2. saboloo teqsti _ sasinjao sammarTvelos kanonisa.
3. saboloo teqsti _ sazom-sawonTa palatis kanonisa.
4. saboloo teqsti _ dekretisa, 1.500,000 man. gadadebis Sesaxeb _
saqonlis Wiris asacrel Sratis dammzadebel sadguris gasafarTove­
blaT quTaisSi.
5. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saSualo sas­
wavlebelTaTvis avansis gadidebis Sesaxeb.
6. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa pirvel dawyebi­
Ti skolebisaTvis maswavlebelTa mosamzadeblaT sazafxulo kurse­
bis mowyobis Sesaxeb.
7. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ quTaisis droe­
biTi sagangebo sasamarTlos Statis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.
8. SekiTxva socialist-federalistTa fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi
_ general naTiSvilis mier denikinis dasaxmareblaT “amier-kavkasiis
mkvidrTa korpusis“ Sedgenis Sesaxeb.
9. dekreti _ axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis mcxovrebTa
dasaxmareblaT erTi milioni man. gadadebisa.
10. dekreti _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevris gasamrjelos gadidebisa.
11. dekreti _ mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20 mil. man. gadadebis
Sesaxeb _ gasatan saqonlis dasamzadeblaT da ucxoeTidan saqonlis
saqarTveloSi SemosatanaT.
Tavmjdomare. rogorc xedavT, dRiur wesrigSi gaxlavT axali
sakiTxi, dekreti, romelsac Tanaxmad uwyebis meTauris gancxadebi­
sa, friad saCqaro xasiaTi hqonda da prezidiumma SesaZleblad dain­
axa, rom Semoetana dRiur wesrigSi da Tu plenums araferi aqvs saw­
inaaRmdego, maSin dResve iqneba ganxiluli. sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe (s.-d.). soc.-demokratiul fraqciis sa­xeliT Semom­
aqvs winadadeba, rom is ori dekreti, romlebic ukan aris dayenebuli
gadmotanili iqnes pirvel rigSi, rom pirvel sakiTxad iyos dayenebu­
li dekreti axalqalaqis da axalcixis mazrebis mcxovrebTa dasaxmare­
blad erT mil. man. gadadebis Sesaxeb da meore dekreti damfuZnebel
krebis wevrTa dietis gadidebis Sesaxeb.

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 Tavmjdomare. sakiTxebis gadasma-gadmosma, rasakvirvelia, Sei­
Zleba. winadadeba aseTi gaxlavT, rom dekreti axalqalaqis da axal­
cixis mazrebis mcxovrebelTa dasaxmareblad erTi mil. man. gadadebi­
sa da dekreti damfuZnebel krebis dietis gadidebis dasmuli iyos
pirvel sakiTxad. surs Tu ara vismes sityva? aravis. me ver gavige,
Tqven saboloo teqstis Semdeg gnebavT Tu SekiTxvis win? (WavWaniZe:
saboloo teqstis Semdeg). maSasadame saboloo teqstis Semdeg pir­
velad wava dekreti axalcixe–axalqalaqis mcxovrebelTa daxmarebis
Sesaxeb da Semdeg dietis sakiTxi. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels sol­
oRaSvilis asuls.

saboloo teqstebi.

(anna soloRaSvilis asuli kiTxulobs saboloo teqsts uqme

dReebis ricxvis Semcirebis kanonisas, romelic krebis mier mtkic­
deba. igive oratori moaxsenebs krebas sasinjao sammarTvelos kano­
nis da sazom-sawonTa palatis kanonis saboloo teqstebs, romelTac
damfuZnebeli kreba adasturebs. miRebul iqmna agreTve saboloo
teqsti dekretisa _ milion naxevari maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb saqon­
lis Wiris asacrel Sratis dammzadebel sadguris gasafarToveblad
quTaisSi).
Tavmjdomare. miRebulia, exla ganixileba: –

dekreti axalcixe-axalqalaqis mazrebis mcxovrebTa

dasaxmareblad erTi mil. man. gadadebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis anjafariZes.

g. anjafariZe. (momxsenebeli). batonebo! rogorc mogexsenebaT,
mesxeT-javaxeTs, am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi, didi ubedureba daatyda
Tavs. jer kidev osmaleTis Semosevis dros mravali qristiani gad­
moixvewa iqidan da imis gamo miwebi daumuSavebeli darCa. amas Tan
daerTo am bolos dros momxdari server-begis avantiura da Cveni
samxedro operaciebi da agreTve ltolvilebis ukan dabruneba. aseT­
ma garemoebam Seqmna iseTi sasursaTo krizisi, rom mTavrobas, dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrebs da kerZo pirebs mogvdis cnobebi, rom zogi­
erT adgilebSi mcxovreblebi iZulebulni arian balaxi mokrifon da
imiT irCinon Tavi. rasakvirvelia, aseTi mdgomareoba ueWvelad war­
moSobs mraval epidemiur avadmyofobebs, Tu ki exlave ar iqneba far­
To zomebi miRebuli. isic aSkaraa, rom xalxis aseTi mdgomareobiT
isargebleben ara saxelmwifoebrivi elementebi, romlebic Seemza­
debian moaswron aTasgvari avantiuristuli gamosvlebi. ai yvela

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amis gamo mTavroba iTxovs damfuZnebeli krebisagan, rom man gadasdos
erTi milioni maneTi, imisTvis rom ficxeli daxmareba iyos aRmoCeni­
li mcxovreblebisTvis. is ori milioni maneTi, romelic gadadebuli
iyo am saqmisTvis, ukve amowuruli aris. safinanso-sabiujeto komi­
siam ganixila is mTavrobis dadgenileba, gaiTvaliswina ra is mdgo­
mareoba, romelSiac mesxeT-javaxeTi imyofeba _ daadgina, rom erTi
milioni maneTi sruliad sakmarisi ar aris. saWiroa iqnes gadadebuli
ori milioni man. marTalia es ori milionic ver uSvelis saqmes. saW­
iroa ufro radikaluri daxmareba, rogorc fuliT, ise sursaTis mi­
wvdeniT. saWiroa mivawvdinoT saTesle masala, magaliTad bostneuli
da sxva, romlis moyvana jer kide SeiZleboda, romlis daTesva ar aris
dagvianebuli. garda amisa, saWiroa daxmareba sameurneo iaraRis miw­
vdeniT da sxv. magram radganac jer Cven xelT ar aris cnobebi ra da ra
aris saWiro, ar aris damuSavebeli moxseneba, Sesaferisi kanon-pro­
eqti, _ amisTvis Cven viZleviT winadadebas dRes-dReobiT es ori mil­
ioni iqnes gadadebuli. masTan erTad sabiujeto komisia gamosTqvams
survils, rom mTavrobam axlo momavalSi Semoitanos kanon-proeqti
da mesxeT-javaxeTis daxmarebisTvis ufro radikaluri zomebi iqneba
miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. gaaTaveT? sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs asaTians.
a. asaTiani (er.-d.) am sakiTxis Sesaxeb sabiujeto komisiaSi Cem
mier iyo Setanili gansakuTrebuli azri da winadadeba, romelic Ta­
naxmad reglamentisa, 31 mux., momxsenebelis mier unda yofiliyo aq
wakiTxuli, vinaidan es ar moxda, me vsargeblob sityviT, raTa es wina­
dadeba gavacno damfuZnebel krebas.
me vfiqrob, rom es daxmareba, romelsac Cven exla uCenT mesx­
eT-javaxeTs, SesamCnevlad ver Sescvlis mdgomareobas da im gasaWirs,
romelsac ganicdis exla is kuTxe, ver gaanelebs. rodesac Cven amave
saWiroebisaTvis gadavdeT ori milioni maneTi, maSin Cven gvqonda
laparaki sxva RonisZiebaze da sxva daxmarebaze. laparaki iyo imis
Sesaxeb, rom aucileblad saWiroa, rom am kuTxeebs miewodos sursaTi,
saTesle masala, mraval gvari sameurneo iaraRi da sxva. samwuxarod
Cven am saxiT daxmareba ver gauwieT da is ori milioni, romelic Cven
gadavdeT, iyo mxolod wveTi gaWirvebis zRvaSi. imave dros Cven vic­
iT, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobis warmomadgenelsa, da Cven sazogadoe­
bis organoebis warmomadgenlebs, gacilebiT met daxmarebas uweven am
kuTxeebis mcxovreblebs ucxo saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenelni. ra­
sakvirvelia, es friad sasiamovno aris, rom gaWirvebis dros xalxs
daxmareba aRmouCndes, da bolos da bolos visganac ar unda iyos es
daxmareba, Tu ki is am gaWirvebis ganelebisTvis ari mitanili _ es
xalxisaTvis friad sasargeblo aris. magram Tqven mogexsenebaT, ra mi­
zani da ra azri aqvs aseT muSaobas, da Cven ar gvaqvs araviTari garan­
tia, rom aseTi xeliT daxmareba ar emsaxureba iseT saqmes, romelsac
SesaZloa moumzadebs am kuTxeebs, axals, gacilebiT mets ubedurebas.

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amitom yovelive amas angariSi unda gauwios Cvenma mTavrobam da meti
yuradReba moaqcios am kuTxeebis gasaWirs.
Cven aRvniSneT, rom fuliT daxmareba arsebiTad mdgomareobas
bevrad ver gamoscvlis, gansakuTrebiT is mcire daxmareba, romelic
am Jamad Cven SegviZlia gaviRoT. saWiro aris realuri da radikalu­
ri daxmareba da is, rac Cven maSin aRvniSneT saWiroa exla mainc ganx­
orcieldes. deklaratiuli gancxadebebi da dapirebebi veraviTar
mizans ver miaRwevs. amitom saWirod mimaCnia, rom damfuZnebelma
krebam am sakiTxis Sesaxeb miiRos Semdegi dadgenileba: (kiTxulobs).
yovelive is daxmareba, RonisZieba, romelic aq aris aRniSnuli, aris
kreditis sakiTxi, amisTvis saWiro aris, rom damfuZnebelma krebam
es krediti mTavrobas misces. ise ki mTavroba iZulebuli iqneba Ta­
vis moqmedeba SezRudos mxolod im TanxiT, romelsac Tqven exla
daakanonebT. maSasadame, fulis garda Tu ramesi gaReba SeuZlian
mTavrobas saxelmwifo sawyobebidan, amasac, rasakvirvelia, sWir­
ia dasturi damfuZnebeli krebisa, vinaidan esec kreditia. amitom
saWirod vcnob, rom fulis garda mTavrobam daxmareba gauwios am
mazrebs im masaliT, romelic saxelmwifos gankargulebaSi aris da
romelic mTavrobas SeuZlia miawodos mcxovreblebs. Cven viciT, rom
kidev darCa Cven sawyobebSi iseTi masalebi, romlebic CvenTvis moux­
marebeli aris, iRupeba, itaceba, ikargeba da romelic iq, adgilo­
briv, gasaWiris dros sasargeblo iqneba. es gadasazidi saSualebani
povoskebi, saamSeneblo masala; sursaTiT, rasakvirvelia, mdidari
ar varT, magram SeiZleba cotaodeni amgvari sursaTi, xorbleulis
gvari sursaTi mogvepovebodes. saWiroa, rom aseTi daxmareba exlave,
dauyovnebliv mTavrobam Tavis sawyobebidan am mazrebs gaugzavnos.
amis garda, radganac pirveli dro, Tesvis dro wasulia, Cven Segvi­
Zlia muSaoba gavwioT, rom am kuTxeebSi xorbleulobis Tesvis dro
dakarguli aris, sxva sakvebiT, rais daTesva SeiZleba davexmaroT
iqaur mcxovreblebs. ai. magaliTad bostneuloba. radganac xalxi
damSeulia, xalxs puri ara aqvs, sxva ram masala unda uSovoT. Cven ar
gvaqvs, rasakvirvelia, iseT sursaTis krizisis dros, romelsac gan­
vicdiT Cven, ar gvaqvs saSualeba, rom am xorbleulobis mxriv didi
daxmareba gauwioT am kuTxeebis mcxovreblebs, magram adgilobriv
unda vecadoT, unda davaTesinoT exla iseTi ram Teslebi, romlis
daTesvis dro ar aris gasuli, mivsceT gadasazidavi, saamSeneblo ma­
sala, davuarsoT samkurnalo da sx. amas garda mTavrobam unda miawo­
dos am mazrebs iseTi saTesi masalebi _ sabostne Tu xorblis, rom­
lis daTesa kidev SeiZleba. xorblis daTesvis dro davkargeT, magram
zogi ram sakvebi kidev daiTeseba. amitom amas gansakuTrebuli yur­
adReba unda mieqces. amitom winadadebas viZlevi fuladi daxmareba
gadidebul iqmnas sams milionamde da daematos dekrets is daxmare­
bebi, romelzedac me mogaxseneT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs kikvaZes.

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 Tevdore kikvaZe (s.-d.). moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!
vinc kargad icnobs axalcixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis mdgomareo­
bas, imas naTlad SeuZlia warmoidginos, Tu ra gasaWiri adgia xalxs
iq. Cven viciT, rom jer kidev SarSan, askerebis Semosevis dros, es
ori mazra saSinlad dazianda. Semdeg server-begis bandebis Semos­
evis dros saSinlad dazianda, rogorc axalqalaqis, ise axalcixis
mazra. magram gasaWiri imdenad didi aris, rom dRes Cven am ori mil­
ioniT ver amovwuravT da ver gavanelebT xalxis satkivrebs. saqme is
gaxlavT, rom axalcixis mazra SedarebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSia, vi­
nem axalqalaqis. axalcixis mazraSi marTalia bevri soflebi ganad­
gurebuli aris, magram aris iseTi soflebic, romlebic gadarCnen
ganadgurebas, dazaralebas. axalcixis mazraSi naTesebis raodenoba
sakmao aris. mosavalsac kargi piri uCans, ase, rom 1 Tvis Semdeg axal­
cixis mazras eqneba Tavisi sakuTari puri, romelic ara Tu gamokve­
bavs mazras, aramed kidevac gadarCeba da SesaZlebeli iqneba aqedan
gaunawilos axalqalaqis mazras. axalqalaqis mazra ki sul sxva mdgo­
mareobaSi aris. aq naTesebi Zlier cotaa, xalxi damSeulia da iZule­
buli aris balaxi sZovos, radganac naTesebi ar aris; mosalodnelia,
ra Tqma unda, iq SimSiloba iqnes momaval welSiac. amitom saWiro
aris swrafi daxmarebis gagzavna, rogorc erTs, ise meore mazraSi,
im gansxvavebiT, rom meti yuradReba miqceuli unda iyos axalqalaqis
mazrisaken. Cven Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi imas, rom axalqalaqis maz­
ra ufro aWrelebulia, sxva da sxva elementebiT aris dasaxlebuli
da agreTve im garemoebas, rom iq mezobel saxelmwifos aqvs gaCaRe­
buli muSaoba, me davasaxeleb pirdapir yofil wevrs Cveni parlamen­
tisas, cnobil daSnakels zorians. zoriani iq daxmarebas uCens mcx­
ovreblebs: erevnis mTavrobis saxeliT maT fuls urigebs. Cven unda
gaviTvaliswinoT is, rom damSeul masas, Semweobis aRmomCeneli, ra
Tqma unda, ase Tu ise gamoacvlevinebs Tavis Sexedulobas. da Tu
Cven amdenxans ver SevZeliT iq sagrZnobeli daxmarebis aRmoCena, rac
SegveZlo vaZlevdiT, magram sagrZnoblad ver mivawodeT daxmareba,
es albad aixsneba omianobis mizeziT. sadac omi swarmoebs, iq ubed­
urebaa, ubedurobis likvidacia ki arc iseTi advili saqme aris, rom
or-sam Tves moawyos mTavrobam. dRes ki dro aris da aucileblobac
moiTxovs, rom movaxdinoT likvidacia im gasaWirisa, romelzedac
miuTiTa momxsenebelma. damfuZnebeli krebis wevri asaTiani ambobs,
rom saWiro aris ori mil. man. gadidebuli iyos sam milionamdis.
mTavrobam moiTxova erTi milioni, social-demokratiulma fraqciam
gaadida es Tanxa or milionamde, erovnul-demokra- tiuli fraqcia
moiTxovs gadiddes sam milionamdis. me unda ganvacxado Cemi fraqci­
is saxeliT, rom arc ori da arc sami milioni sakmarisi ar aris, rom
daakmayofilos ori mazris moTxovnileba. amitom Cven dRes gavCer­
deT or milionze, xolo roca am or milions mivcemT, erTbaSaT xom ar
daixarjeba. mdgomareoba ufro gairkveva da maSin kidev dagvWirdeba

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dekretis, an kanon-proeqtis aq Semotana, romelSiac ara sami milio­
nis aramed SesaZlebelia xuTi milionis Setanac iyos saWiro. Tu ki es
saWiro iqneba, ra Tqma unda mivcemT maT kidec. dRes ki Tu SeiZleba
daxmareba sursaTiT, samuSao iaraRiT, rasakvirvelia, unda gaigzav­
nos. fulis gagzavnas puris gagzavna sjobia, imitom, rom adgilobriv
puri gasayidaT ar iSoveba. mTavrobam didi yuradReba unda miaqcios
am saqmes. man am mazrebis mcxovreblebs sursaTi, rac SeiZleba droze
unda miawodos. vinaidan xalxis psixologia cvalebadobas ganicdis:
Tavis msxnelad xalxs is miaCnia, vinc purs miawodebs. TviT qristesac,
romelic maRal idealebs qadagebda, uxdeboda xandisxan daxmareba
aRmoeCina xalxisTvis puris miwodebiT. cxadia, xalxs vinc gaaZRebs,
vinc droze Zmurad xels gauwvdis, vinc tkbil sityvas etyvis, mis
guls moigebs. Cven Tumca davagvianeT daxmareba, magram amis mizezi
sapatio iyo, dRes ki unda gavasworoT es da mivceT is, rac ki Segvi­
Zlia. jer-jerobiT unda gadavdoT ori milioni maneTi da davavaloT
mTavrobas rac SeiZleba meti sursaTi miawodos, gansakuTrebiT ax­
alqalaqis mazras. amnairad Cven am xalxs daumtkicebT, rom Cven mudam
vzrunavdiT misTvis da Tu Cven dRemdis ver SeviZeliT sagrZnobel
daxmarebis miwodeba _ es Cveni brali ar aris, aramed es gareSe mize­
zebis gamo moxda, rom yovelive es Seqmnili mdgomareobis bralia, da
rom dReidan Cven amas did yuradRebas mivaqcevT da daxmarebas aRm­
ovuCenT yvelas ganurCevlad wodebisa da erovnebisas. dasasrul, me
winadadebas viZlevi, rom darCes es ori milioni da ara sami milioni,
radganac, rogorc mogaxseneT, es sami milioni ar amoswuravs mTel
saWiroebas da roca gamoirkveva mdgomareoba, maSin Cven kidev gada­
vdebT imdens, ramdenic saWiro iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
anjafariZe. (momxsenebeli) me unda aRvniSno aq, rom safinanso
komisiaSi, principialuri gansxvaveba komisiis wevris asaTianis da da­
narCen wevrebis Soris ar yofila. safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis yve­
la wevri eTanxmeboda b-n. asaTians da sxvebmac gamosTqva azri, rom es
ori milioni maneTi sakmirisi ar aris imisTvis, rom yvela saWiroeba
iyos dakmayofilebuli, rom garda fulisa saWiroa sursaTis, sameur­
neo iaraRis gagzavna da sxva da sxva. magram es gansxvaveba mxolod imis
Sesaxeb iyo, rom komisiis wevri asaTiani amtkicebda, rom yvela zemore
moyvanili zomebi exlave unda iyos miRebuli, danarCeni wevrebi ki
amis winaaRmdegi iyvnen. Tqven albaT mogexsenebaT, rom mTavrobam ukve
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia am mazrebs; iq gagzavnili aris spe­
cialuri rwmunebuli, erTi Cveni wevrTagani, romelmac unda gaicnos
adgilobriv yvela pirobebi. man moiwera, rom iseTi saWiroebisaTvis,
romelic dResve unda iyos dakmayofilebuli, aucilebelia am fulis
gagzavna. magram farTe daxmarebis gawevisTvis da ufro radikalu­
rad am sakiTxis gadawyvetisTvis saWiroa ufro vrceli moxseneba,
gansakuTrebuli kanon-proeqti. rogorc mogaxseneT, safinanso-sabiu­

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jeto komisiaSi gamoiTqva survili, rom mTavrobam axlo momavalSi
daimuSaos aseTi kanon-proeqti da maSin es sakiTxi ufro dasabuTebiT
iqneba gadawyvetili. ai amitom sabiujeto-sifinanso komisia sTxovs
damfuZnebel krebas, rom dRes-dReobiT iqnes gadadebuli ori mili­
oni maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. gsurT Tu ara gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze?
winaaRmdegi aravin aris, maSasadame, gTxovT waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. dekreti axalcixis da axalqalaqis mazrebis mcxov­
rebelTa dasaxmareblad erT milion maneTis gadadebisa. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili. Sesworeba
aseTi gaxlavT: social-demokr. fraqcia saTaurSi (kiTxulobs). maSin
ese unda gamovides (kiTxulobs). Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT. uk­
acravad, saTaurSi aris Sesworeba, rogorc moismineT Tqven komisiis
azri, aris ori milioni, magram aris winadadeba b-n asaTianisa sami
mil. winadadebas kenWs uyri. xmis umravlesobiT miRebuli gaxlavT
ori milioni man. Semdegi Sesworeba gaxlavT: Caematos sityva (kiTxu­
lobs). momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. me mgonia arsebiTad es ar scvlis azrs, magram sawi­
naaRmdego ara maqvs ra.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba aris miRebuli. gTxovT waikiTxoT Sem­
degi.
anjafariZe. meore muxli (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. exla Sesworeba, romelic b-n asaTianma Semoitana.
uaryofilia. Semdeg kidev gaxlavT Sesworeba aseTi (kiTxulobs). me
kenWs uyri am Sesworebasac. me Zalian bodiSs vixdi, magram gTxovT
momceT saSualeba gamovarkvio, vin aris momxre da vin winaaRmdegi.
gTxovT daTvaloT. maSasadame, Sesworeba miRebulia. Sesworeba, ro­
melic exla miiReT, es iqneba mesame muxlad dekretSi CarTuli.
exla unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi: uwyebaTa meTauri sTxovs plenums,
vinaidan saCqaro aris es dekreti, keTil ineboT da exlave miiRoT sab­
oloo teqsti. reglamentis ZaliT es SesaZlebelia da Tu plenumi ar
aris winaaRmdegi me Cem Tavs mivcem nebas es miRebulad CavTvalo.
Semdegi gaxlavT:

dekreti damfuZnebel krebis wevrebis

gasamrjelos gadidebisa.

sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs WavWaniZes.

iv. WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! sakiTxi damfuZnebel krebis wevrebis
gasamrjelos gadidebisa cota ar iyos uxerxulobas iwvevs: dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrebs TviTonve uxdebaT daaweson igi.
meore mxriv am sakiTxs Zalian farTed gamoiyeneben demagogebi,
romlebic Seecdebian erT nawilSi Cveni sazogadoebisa erTgvari uk­

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mayofileba gamoiwvion. saqme imaSi aris, rom es dieta, romelic aq
warmodgenili aris, es Seadgens iseT minimums, romlis naklebi pirda­
pir SeuZlebeli iqneba dRevandel pirobebSi deputatisTvis. mxedve­
lobaSi aris misaRebi is garemoeba, rom deputati miRebul jildoTi
ver SesZlebs, rom sruliad es jildo man moaxmaros Tavis pirad
moTxovnilebebs. mas, garda piradi moTxovnilebebisa, aqvs movaleo­
ba, romelsac mas akisrebs damfuZnebeli krebis wevroba. yuradRebis
misaqcevia is garemoeba, rom deputati dro-gamoSvebiT unda mivides
Tavis amomrCevlebTan, Camoiaros saarCevno olqi, gaecnos maT mdgo­
mareobas, gaacnos maT aqauri mdgomareoba. es ki xarjebs moiTxovs.
saWiroa agreTve, rom deputati Tval-yurs adevnebdes sul yvela im
sakiTxebs, romlebzedac garkvevis dros mas mouxdeba Tavisi azris ga­
moTqma damfuZnebel krebis komisiebSi.
ra Tqma unda, am mizniT man Tval-yuri unda adevnos literaturas,
periodiul gamocemebs, unda eZiebdes wignebs da amisTvis imas unda
xarjis gaReba.
aris kidev sxva xarjebi, romlebsac swored es movaleoba akisrebs.
provincialuri deputats gansakuTrebiT xSirad mosdis depeSa,
romelzedac depeSiT unda gasces pasuxi an werilobiTi. esec xarjs
moiTxovs. ise rom, deputati im deitis, romelsac iRebs, TiTqmis nax­
evars axmarebs mainc, swored im valdebulebas, romelsac mas akisrebs
swored deputatis movaleoba.
Tu yvela amas mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, aSkaraa, rom igi ver icx­
ovrebs am deitiT.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis mier warmodgenili, dieta _ iseTi
didi ar aris, rom amaze laparaki Rirdes. dRevandel pirobebSi es
minimumia da safinanso-sabiujeto komisias winadadeba Semoaqvs, rom
nacvlad 1500 maneTisa, romelic ukve dawesebuli iyo damfuZnebel
krebis mier damfuZnebel krebis wevrebisTvis, iqnes dawesebuli 3000
maneTi.
ai mokled is, rac mindoda momexsenebina safinanso-sabiujeto
komisiis saxeliT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobaze? msurveli ara­
vin ar aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom SeudgeT muxlobriv ganxilvas?
gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
(momxsenebeli kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq social-demokratiul fraqciis mier aris Semot­
anili Semdegi Sesworeba. pirvel muxlSi Setanilia aseTi Sesworeba:
„3000 maneTi Sesworebuli iyos 2500 maneTad». (sicili, xmauroba)
surs Tu ara vismes sityva? aravis. momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. me mogaxseneT safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis azri _
3000 maneTi es aris minimumi, romlis Semokleba SeuZlebeli aris.
Tavmjdomare. aqac Sesworeba aris Semotanili social-­demok­ra­
tiul fraqciis mier (kiTxulobs).

147
 vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis azri.
momxsenebeli. es Sesworeba gamomdinareobs pirvel Seswore­
bidan. (Sesworeba da muxli kenWis yriT miRebulni arian).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris dekretis winaaRmdeg? aravin. dekreti
miRebuli aris. winadadeba aris, rom dekreti gadaeces saredaqcio
komisias im TxovniT, rom dResve warmodgenili iyos saboloo teqsti,
Tu aravin ar aris winaaRmdegi maSin me gankargulebas movaxden, rom
es dekreti gadaeces exlave saredaqcio komisias da saboloo teqsti
mogxsendeT exlave.
Tavmjdomare. Semdeg, meorejer muxlobriv ganxilul unda iqmnes:

muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saSualo

saswavlebelTaTvis avan­s is gadidebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri WavWaniZe.

(kanon-proeqti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris).
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa

pirvel dawyebiTi sko­l ebisaTvis maswavlebelTa
mosamzadeblad sazafxulo kursebis mowyobis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri kikvaZe. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli

muxli. momxsenebeli T. kikvaZe. am muxlis Sesaxeb unda mogaxsenoT, rom
rodesac es prezidiumSi iyo warmodgenili, komisiam saWirod dain­
axa xelmeored gaesinja es, vinaidan 10 ivnisi ukve gavida da komisiam
daadgina, rom am muxlSi amoiSalos 10 ivnisi da samagierod Caematos
25 ivnisi, vinaidan kursebis mowyoba 10 ivniss ar moxda, gavida kidec
10 ivnisi da 25 ivniss ki _ es SesaZlebeli iqneba. garda amisa aq aris aR­
niSnuli quTaisi da Tbilisi. rom saministros, SesaZlebloba mivceT
Tavisuflad moiqces, es kursebi gaxsnas iq, sadac misi SexedulobiT es
ufro saWiro iqneba, amitom komisiam saWirod dainaxa es ori sityva
sruliad amoiSalos pirvel muxlidan. (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, bodiSs vixdi. Sesworeba gaxlavT aseTi
Semotanili. amoiSalos sityvebi _ „quTaisSi da TbilisSi“. vis surs
sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? Sesworebis Sesaxeb Tqveni azri, b-no momx­
senebelo.
momxsenebeli. me Tanaxma var, rom es sityvebi amoiSalos.
(Sesworeba, pirveli muxli, meore muxli, mesame muxli kenWis yriT
miRebuli aris).

148
 momxsenebeli. Semdeg aq gaxlavT SeniSvna. am SeniSvnis Sesaxeb unda
mogaxsenoT, rom komisiam daadgina is sruliad amoiSalos aqedan,
radganac erobebs ara aqvT exla biujeti, fex-momagrebuli ar arian
da veraviTar xarjs jer-jerobiT ver ikisreben.
Tavmjdomare. komisiis azri mogxsendaT. surs Tu ara vismes si­
tyva? vin aris momxre, rom SeniSvna amoiSalos? maSasadame, SeniSvna
amoSlili gaxlavT.
momxsenebeli. da bolos komisiam daadgina Semotanili iyves ax­
ali muxli. Semdegi muxli: „kanoni ZalaSi Sedis dRidan misi miRebisa
damfuZnebel krebis mier“ (axlad Semotanili muxli da kanon-proeqti
kenWis yriT miRebuli aris da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. Semdeg gaxlavT:

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa quTaisis

droebiTi sa­g angebo sasamarTlos Statis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri i. fircxalaiSvili.

momxsenebeli ilia fircxalaiSvili. (s.-d.) iuridiu­li komisiis
saxeliT viTxov, rom es kanon-proeqti dagvibrundes Cven ukan axal
cnobebis mosakrebad da xel-axlad gasarCevad.
saqme imaSia, rom rodesac Cven iusticiis saministrom es kanon-pro­
eqti warmogvidgina, _ magaliTad mTavar sagangebo sasamarTlos Tav­
mjdomares qonda jamagiri daniSnuli aRniSnuli saxiT 1200 maneTi.
Cven imave dros vicodiT, rom sagangebo sasamarTlos zogierTi wev­
rebi imave dros iyvnen olqis sasamarTlos wevrebad. Cven gvainter­
esebda gagvego sasamarTlos wevrebi iqac Rebulobdnen jamagirs
Tu ara. amisTvis Cven quTaisis sagangebo sasamarTlos wevrebs gaug­
zavneT depeSa, romelzedac pasuxi miviRe dRes diliT. depeSa aris
Semdegi Sinaarsisa (kiTxulobs) am depeSidan gamodis, rom saolqo
sasamarTlos wevrebi, rogorc momuSaveni sagangebo sasamarTloSi
gasamrjelos Rebuloben dRiurad. am warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi
ki aris Tviurad, magaliTad, Tavmjdomare Rebulobs Tviurad 1300
maneTs da xuTi Tvis gamoangariSebiT 6500 maneTs. ase rom, es cnobebi
erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba. Cven ar gvqonda saSvaleba es damatebiTi
cnobebi migveRo saministrosagan.
amitom Cven moviTxovT, rom dekreti dagvibrundes, rom damatebi­
Ti cnobebi movkrifoT da SemdegSi warmovadginoT.
Tavmjdomare. Tqven moismineT komisiis gancxadeba. surs Tu
ara vismes sityva? aravis. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom kanon-proeqti
daubrundes komisias?
Semdeg gaxlavT:

149
 social-federalistebis SekiTxva mTavrobisadmi
Reneral naTiSvilis mier denikinis dasaxmareblad
kavkasiis mkvidrTa korpusis Sedgenis Sesaxeb.

gTxovT teqsti moaxsenoT. (mdivani kiTxulobs)

Tavmjdomare. upirveles yovlisa rogorc sCans SekiTxva sas­
wrafo gaxlavT. Tu vismes surs winaaRmdeg gamovides siswrafisa, ma­
Sin siswrafis damcvels mivcem sityvas. Tu aravin aris winaaRmdegi
neba miboZeT pirdapir dasabuTebas Seudge. aravin aris winaaRmdegi
siswrafisa. gTxovT. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mdivans.
sim. mdivani (s.-f.). saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!
SekiTxva, romelic Semotanili aris damfuZnebeli krebis social­
ist-federalistebis fraqciis mier, moiTxovs Cemgan, kidev erTxel
Sevexo sakiTxs, romelic dasabamia da, me mgonia, iqneba dasasruli
Cveni autanel mdgomareobisa. im mdgomareobidan warmoiSveba yove­
live cvalebadoba, romelsac sazogadod Cveni cxovreba ganicdis da
agreTve is sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba baToms da baTomis olqs. me ar
damWirdeba imis dasabuTeba, rom saqarTvelos ar SeuZlian dasTmos
baTomis olqi da qalaqi, baTomi, vinaidan es aris nawili saqarTve­
los mTlian teritoriisa, es aris centri samahmadiano saqarTvelo­
si, es aris is Zveli akvani, sadac mZlavri iyo saqarTvelos kultura.
vinaidan Cven sxeuls CamoSorebuli aqvs es nawili, Cveni sxeuli daa­
vadebuli, dasustebuli aris, da sanam is ar SemouerTdeba saqarTve­
los, Cven janmrTelobaze laparaks ver daviwyebT.
amitom kidev erTxel nebas vaZlev Cems Tavs Sevexo im pirT da im Za­
lis warmomadgenlebs, romelnic aseT ganwyobilebas amyareben CvenSi.
rodesc Cven gvaqvs laparaki mokavSireTa sardlobaze, Cven rasakvir­
velia, mokavSireTa demokratia, mokavSireTa saxelmwifoebi mxedv­
elobaSi ar gvyavs. piriqiT Cven gvaqvs utyuari cnobebi, rom mokav­
SireTa demokratia Cveni damoukideblobis momxrea. misi momxreoba,
es misi survili Cveni damoukideblobis gamtkicebisa man saqveynod
aRiara bernis da amsterdamis konferenciaze. yvela am saxelmwifoe­
bis demokratiam xeli moawera Cven damoukideblobas da daadastura
igi. magram Tu dRes maT samxedro warmomadgenlebze vlaparakob, mi­
tom vlaparakob, rom es Zala gvayenebs warmoudgenel pirobebSi. amas
winad Cveni mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris win warsdgen rkinis gzis mu­
SaTa organizaciis warmomadgenelni da sTxoves Sesuliyo mTavroba
maT mdgomareobaSi. maT ganacxades: Cven mzad varT yovelive gaWir­
veba gadavitanoT. Cven mzad varT, rom Cveni moTxovnilebis Semcire­
ba-SemoklebiT xeli SeuwyoT saqarTvelos respublikis ganmtkicebas.
Cven zomebs vRebulobT da es sakiTxi dRiur sakiTxad gadaqceuli
gvaqvs, rom Sromis nayofiereba gavaZlieroT. magram Cveni arseboba
warmoudgenelia da man aiwia faraja, romelSiac iyo gamoxveuli da
am farajis qveS mas TeTreuli ar hqonda. imaT ar aqvT saSualeba SeiZ­

150
inon es, adamianisTvis aucilebeli samoseli. da es im dros, rodesac
baTomis sawyobebi savsea amgvar manufaqturiT. saqarTvelosTvis ki
verc erTi naWeri ver wamogviRia, yovel SemTxvevaSi es Cveni brali
araa. yoveli zoma aris miRebuli Cven mier.
mZlavrni Tavis filosofias gvaxveven, _ es filosofia ki martivi
aris, _ Sen xar damnaSave imitom, rom susti xar. magram erTSi scdebi­
an. SeiZleba Cven susti viyvneT, SeiZleba Cveni damarcxeba SesaZlebe­
li iyves, magram Cveni dangreva da mospoba SeuZlebelia (taSi). iseTi
adamiani, romelic gaditans aseT pirobebs, iseTi adamiani, romelic
samosels moklebulia, mainc Tavis ideas da Tavis damoukideblobas,
Tavis Tavisuflebas emsaxureba _ veraviTari generali ver sZlevs, es
yvelas unda moexsenebodes. sanam es pirobebi ar Seicvleba, kilo Cve­
ni laparakisa ar SeiZleba Seicvalos, vinaidan kilo iqmneba im mdgo­
mareobiT, romelSiac ayenebs adamians esa Tu is Zala. Cveni xma ismoda
ruseTis biurokratiis winaaRmdeg da vidre is ar daemxo, Cven kilo
ar Segvicvlia. Cveni kilo iqneba imgvarive, rogorc dRes gvqonda, sa­
nam Cven mimarT aseTi zomebi ar moispoba, romliTac hsurT Cven gagv­
zomon da am zomiT cxovreba moawyon, _ es ki CvenTvis yovlad miuRebe­
lia. marTalia, mokavSireTa vaWrebi iyvnen aq, maT TiTqos ar moewonaT
is mdgomareoba, romelic aq aris Seqmnili mokavSireTa sardlobis
mier. maT sul sxva hangebze dagviwyes laparaki. mogvawodes saqone­
li da rogorc viciT, amgvari nabiji kidevac iyo gadadgmuli, erT­
nairi SeTanxmebac moxda. meores mxriv me maqvs cnobebi, rom is auare­
beli saqoneli, romelic aris motanili baTomSi, es saqoneli dneba
TandaTan. maSin, rodesac Cvens warmomadgenlebs ar SeuZlianT es
saqoneli SeiZinon, aTas juris spekuliantebi iZenen am saqonels da es
saqoneli tfilisis cxviris win gadis sxva adgilas da sad aris, ara­
vin icis. SeiZleba nawili am saqonlisa aq rCeba, magram, yovel SemTx­
vevaSi, xalxisTvis SeuZlebel fasebSi, da amas, vbedav Tamamad vsTqva,
mfarvelobas uwevs mokavSireTa sardloba. rogorc vici, es igzavneba
sardlobis misamarTiT da es imitom xdeba, rom xeli aravin axlos am
saqonels. sardlobas SeuZlian mospos es pirobebi, rom maT SeuZlianT
mospon es blokada, amaSi yvela Tqvengani darwmunebuli aris. is in­
gliseli vaWrebi, is bankirebi, romelnic Camovidnen gakvirvebulni
iyvnen im zrdiT, romelsac ganicdis maTi valiuta da agreTve imiT,
rom Cveni maneTi ecema. amas winad, mogexsenebaT, es valiuta Rirda
250 man. da dRes ukve 400 man. imave dros me maqvs cnoba, rom inglisis
banki, romlis ganyofileba unda gaixsnas baTomSi, bevrad naklebad
aZlevs am valiutas. tfilisSi iseTi spekuliaciaa, rom bazarSi 400
man. Rirs, da amas qmnis ZaliT mfarveloba aqaur spekuliaciisa. imave
dros inglisis bankma SesaZlod scno, mieca valiuta 250 man.
me mgonia, aseTi taqtika arc maTTvis iqneba saxeiro. ar SeiZleba
mokavSireTa sardloba daadges im azrs, rom mudmiv gviyolios mowi­
naaRmdeged.

151
 ukve cnobilia, rom aris Sedgenili sia im erebisa, romelnic iTv­
lebian mokavSireTa mokavSired. maT yovelive sanovages, sursaTs da
saWiro saqonels awvdian sesxis saxiT, arc fuls sTxoven, arc oqros.
Cven ki varT gadayvanili meore banakSi. Tu oqros miutan, mogcemen;
amasTanave Tqven xedavT, rom am oqros fasi xelovnurad ecema, rom
warmoudgenelia amdeni oqros SeZena da am safasuris qaRaldis fu­
lis qoneba. sanam amgvari saqcieli ar moispoba, sanam Cven ar mogvepy­
robian ise, rogorc xalxs, romelmac mTeli omis ganmavlobaSi Tavisi
neitraloba daicva, Tavisi loialoba gamoamJRavna, romelsac ara­
sodes ar uRalatnia arc warsulSi, arc momavalSi uRalatebs visme,
_ iqamde, vimeoreb, SeuZlebelia, rom Cven Soris sasurveli ganwyo­
bileba damyardes. maTi sityva sxvaa, saqme sxva.
erTxel kidev minda xazi gausva im saSinel agitacias, romelsac.
„taimsis“ korespondenti awarmoebs, dro-gamoSvebiT, or TveSi erTx­
el mainc. axal-axal korespondencias sTxzavs da gzavnis londonSi.
azri erTi da igive aris: saqarTvelos da aderbeijans ar SeuZli­
aT damoukideblad arseboba. saWiroa droze zomebi iyos miRebuli.
ruseTs, (ueWvelia denikinis ruseTze laparakoben, radgan maTi ruse­
Ti sxva aris da is ki, romelzedac Cven gvaqvs warmodgena sxva) deni­
kins unda SeuerTdeTo.
aseTi korespondentebi hqmnian iliuziebs. es iliuziebi upirve­
les yovlisa, aris sakuTreba im sardlobisa, romelsac hgonia, rom
generali, admirali, Tu gind iyos aRWurvili ndobiT am sardlobisa,
Tu gind aRWurvili iyos yovelgvar iaraRiT, tankebidan dawyebuli
haeroplanamde, _ isini SesZleben am sakiTxis gadaWras ise, rogorc
marT surT. Cven kargad viciT, rom ruseTSi, dRes Tu aris vinme ruse­
Tis ideis matarebeli, es arian bolSevikebi. SegiZlianT ar daeTanx­
moT bolSevikebs, magram ruseTis xalxis warmomadgenelni jer-jero­
biT arian bolSevikeb. is sardloba, romelsac hgonia, rom denikini da
kolCaki aRadgenen ruseTs, imaT ar undaT angariSi gauwion ruseTs,
romlis gabednierebas lamobs mokavSireTa sardloba. pirveli adg­
ili, sadac moxaliseTa jarma moqmedeba daiwyo, iyo rogorc iciT,
yubanis da donis olqi, da Tqven iciT kargad, rom am yubanis da donis
olqSi saSineleba trialebs. is xlxi, romelic viTomda ixsna moxal­
iseTa laSqarma drtvinavs im saSinel uRelis qveS, romelic daadva
Tavs moxaliseTa laSqarma. Tqven ver naxavT, laparakoben iqidan Ca­
mosulni, _ ojaxs, romelic ar iyos aoxrebuli, misi wevrni ar iyvnen
acremlebulni. aq ara warsulisTvis, ara momaval ideisTvis aRfrTo­
vanebul xalxs naxavT Tqven, aramed xalxs daCagruls, gaRatakebuls
da Seviwroebuls, imdenad Seviwroebul da gaZarcvulT moxaliseTa
mier, rom aramc Tu bolSevikuri, aramed jojoxeTis Zalac enatre­
baT, oRond ki moxaliseni moiSoron, vinaidan igi iseTi elementebisa­
gan Sesdgeba, romelnic Tavis pirad SuRlze ageben yvela Tavis moq­
medebas. aseTi moxaliseTa laSqari ar kmayofildeba imiT, rom ruseTi

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aRadginos. is lamobs aq damkvidrdes, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad
icis am xalxma, aq aris mokavSireTa Zala.
magram mTel amier kavkasiaSi aris erTi kuTxe, es kuTxe, gaxlavT
baTomis mxare, sadac mTeli es dabneuli da gamoqceuli xalxi ara Tavs
afarebs, aramed am kunZulze hfiqrobs Seqmnas didi ruseTis saxelm­
wifo. jer amisi garegnuli niSnebia; Tqven gaxsovT inglisis mTavro­
ba, rom baTomSi Camovida. maSin maT airCies baTomis sabWo da sabWoSi
umetes nawilad rusebi moxvdnen. sardloba darwmunda, rom es sabWo
yovlad mavnebel pirebisagan Sesdgeboda da isini gandevna da Tavis
xelSi aiRo Zala. magram natanebsa da qobuleT Soris, Woroxis saz­
Rvarzedac darCa yofil ruseTis biurokratia. im sazRvars icavs
razmi, rusebisagan Semdgari, da imave dros aq aris daniSnuli war­
momadgeneli viTomda inglisis mTavrobisa. magram Cven viciT, rom es
warmomadgenelni arian begebis da aRlarebis erTi gurulis daxmare­
biT, romlis gvari yvelam iciT da romelic cnobilia 1906 wlidan. es
gaxlavT dimitri mgelaZe, amasTan erTad es saucxovo kompania hqmnis
organizacias, hqmnis erTgvar moCvenebas, TiTqos aq ruseTi arsebobs.
amave dros Cven gvaqvs meore magaliTi, rodesac es mokavSireTa
sardloba Semovida amier-kavkasiaSi, man gamoacxada: movaleobaa
SemovideT aq da ganvswmindoT amier-kavkasia osmaloTa da german­
elebisagan. is rac maT hqondaT daWerili, Cven unda daviWiroTo da
marTlac ase moxda magram sul sxva da sxvanairi iyo meTodi daWeris.
baTomisa da yarsis olqSi daarses samxreT-dasavleT amier-kavkasiis
mTavroba. Tqven iciT, rom iq TebervalSi likvidacia moaxdines mTav­
robisa, TiTon, daikaves magram yarsis olqi ukve somxebs gadasces.
rac Seexeba baTomis olqs, isini ar apireben gadmogvcen, rogorc
kanonier memkvidres am olqisas, romelic Zalad wagvlijes. yarsis
olqi somxebisa arasodes ar yofila. Zvelad ver SexvdebodiT somxis
moRvawes, romelic gabedavda da ityoda: yarsis olqi Cveniao ise,
rogorc sxva naWeri, rogorc magaliTad baTomis nawili da artaanis
Seadgens saqarTvelos nawils. yarsis olqi es iyo erTgvari saCuqa­
ri, erTgvari xili, romelsac Tu miawodebdnen Zalian... (xma: deser­
ti) diax, deserts eZaxian frangulad, rac Seexeba baTomis olqs, iq
Zalian kargad icodnen geografiidan mainc icodnen, rom baTomis mx­
are aris ganuyreli mxare saqarTvelosi, aSkarad iyo gancxadebuli,
rom baTomis olqi aris saqarTvelos ganuyreli nawili. magram mi­
uxedavad imisa, aramc Tu gvibruneben, piriqiT hqmnian aseT pirobebs,
rom igi gaxda bude bolSevikebis mier devnil usaqmo adamianebisa da
kontr-revoliucionerebisa. maT fuli tomriT moaqvT da ise Seu­
Zlian icxovron, ar Caerion araviTar politikur cxovrebaSi. ra­
sakvirvelia rodesac iseT xalxs mouyares Tavi, yovelive fantazias
aqvs adgili. erTi aseTi fantaziori gaCnda _ viRac naTiSvili. igi
naTievi gaxlavT da ara naTiSvili, vinaidan dReidan ar iqneba naTiS­
vili es vaJbatoni. survili ara maqvs Sevadaro igi iudas, vinaidan

153
iudam vercxlis fuli aiRo mas ki mxolod bonebs miscemen. igi arc
herostrats hgavs, vinaidan herostratma taZari dawva xolo igi
ver eRirseba samSoblos taZris dawvas. nu Tu fantaziori ar aris
igi? mTeli ruseTidan mokrefil xalxisagan man Sehqmna korpusi da
am korpuss saxelaT uwoda amier-kavkasiis mkvidrTa korpusi. Cven
Zalian kargad viciT da es icis sardlobam, (Tu ar icoda man TvaliT
dainaxa 26 maiss). rom xalxis farTo masaSi ganmtkicebulia da igi
gamsWvaluli aris Tavisuflebis da damoukideblobis ideiT. 26 mai­
sis diadi monifestacia xom mis Tvalwin gadiSala?
b-no! naTievis gamo me aq unda ganvacxado kidev is, rac ganacxa­
da valiko juRelma warsul krebaze: frontze Cveni oficroba Tav­
dadebul siyvaruliT, SegnebiT ibrZvis da icavs saqarTvelos damou­
kideblobas.
igive unda ganvacxado im oficrebis Sesaxeb, romlebic aq muSao­
ben. maTTan erT welze metia, rac daaxlovebuli var da SegiZlian Tam­
amad vsTqva, didi umravlesoba, cxra meaTedi iseTi oficrebi gvyavs,
romelnic am vaJbatons ar hgvanan da arc mis Zaxilze wavlen. magram
naTievs hyavs baTomSi Tavisi elementebi _ eseni gaxlavan begebi da aRe­
bi da maTgan gabriyvebuli zogierTi aWarlebi. arian iq rusis ofi­
crebic, romelTa mTeli nawili rasakvirvelia ar Rebulobs monaw­
ileobas, magram damSeuli xalxi blomad aris. da bolos ra SeuSliT
xels, rogorc Sida ruseTSi, aqac Cinelebi moiyvanon, gaavson korpu­
si da daarqvan saxelad amier-kavkasiis mkvidrTa korpusi? ar vici es
korpusi wava zRviT denikinTan, Tu umjobesad miiCnevs xmeleTiT aqeT
wamosvlas. magram Cven unda vicodeT es faqti da Sesaferisi zomebic
miviRoT. aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoeba. meTodi am korpusis Sedgenisa
igivea, rac iyo mTielTa respublikaSi. sanam batoni denikini SesZleb­
da gamosvlas ieriSiT da mospobda mTielTa respublikas, iman Seuyara
groznaSi Tavi ramodenime oficers da ramodenime moxalises, Seadgi­
na raRac „yriloba“, romelmac daadgina, Cven varT warmomadgenelni
xalxisa da vacxadebT, rom uerTdebiT moxaliseTa laSqars, damoukide­
blobaze uars vacxadebT. es dadgenileba warudgina denikinma mokav­
SireTa sardlobas da amiT SemTxveva da saSualeba mieca wasuliyo da
marTla moespo mTielTa damoukidebloba da mTieli xalxis mTavroba,
romlis wevrebs dRes cal-calke atusaRebs. SeiZleba es meTodi iyos
aqac? naxaven erT or kacs, naTiev-mgelaZes, meores, mesames naxaven da
amier-kavkasiis korpusis saxeliT ganacxadeben parizis kongresis wi­
naSe, rom denikins axali mokavSire gauCnda da es mokavSire aris saqa­
rTvelos respublikis mkvidrni, magram Zlier Sescdnen: xalilovebs
aq isini ver naxaven, maTi cda amaod Caivlis. yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven am
eqsperimentebisTvis aq ara gvcalian. Cveni survili sul sxva aris, Cven
gvinda Cveni cxovreba movawyoT, Cven gvinda Cven mezoblebTan keTili
ganwyobileba gvqondes, magram rodesac Cven teritoriaze SemoiWre­
bian aseTi Zalebi, imaT winaaRmdeg Cven yovelTvis gavilaSqrebT.

154
 meore nawils am sakiTxisas aqvs uaRresi mniSvneloba CvenTvis.
Cven viciT, rom brest-litovskis dadgenilebis ZaliT baTomis olqi
gadavida osmaleTis xelSi. Cven davTanxmdiT, davTanxmdiT Zalis wi­
naSe. dRes inglisi Tavis Tavs acxadebs memkvidred osmaleTisa. es
memkvidre jer ar gardacvlila, ar wasula baTomis olqidan da imave
dros hqmnis meore memkvidres _ es aris moxaliseTa laSqroba. Tu mem­
kvidreobaze wava saqme, memkvidreni Cven varT da sxva aravin. Tu maT
ar SeuZlianT baTomis olqis marTva-gamgeoba, es gamgeoba Cven unda
aviRoT xelSi. Cven dResve unda SevudgeT am saqmis mowyobas, Tu sx­
vafriv aris saqme dayenebuli, miT umetes Cven amis winaaRmdeg unda
miviRoT zomebi.
garda im xalxisa, romelic TavSi davasaxeleT, aris meore nawi­
li ruseTis sazogadoebisa baTomSi, _ es aris muSaTa klasi. samwux­
arod ganwyobileba dRevandeli iq myofi muSaTa klasisa ar aris ise­
Ti, rogorc revoliucionur klass Seefereba. jer osmaleTis da mere
maslovebis batonobam baToms saukeTeso muSebi moaSora, radgan maT
ver gauZles iq gamefebul reJims. exla ki ras vxedavT?
leninma petrogradSi ganacxada, Cvenda samwuxarod zogierTi ko­
munisti, rom gadafxiko _ rusis Sovinisti aRmoCndebao. es gadafx­
eka petrogradSia saWiro. yubanis socialistebs ki gadafxeka aRar
sWiriaT, iq lebedevma gamoaqveyna deklaracia, riTac mxars uWers
denikins. Tqven iciT, rom lebedevi iyo „didi“ da „didi“ memarcxene
(xma eserebis skamebidan: memarjvene iyo!) exla memarjvene ki ara rea­
qcioneri aris, magram me warsulze mogaxsenebT (xmauroba eserebis
skamebze) me ar mesmis ra gindaT Tqven? Tqvensken arc ki gamomixednia
da raT iRebT Tqvens Tavze? Tqven iciT rogor uaryofda lebedevi
Cven damoukideblobas proletariatis da socializmis saxeliT, ma­
gram sakmarisi iyo wasuliyo ekaterinodarSi, misi socializmi da
revoliucionuri fraza gahqra rogorc sizmari Ramisa, gaSiSvlebu­
li Savrazmeli dagvrCa xelSi.
Cvenda saubedurod, baTomSi, rodesac profesionalur kavSirSi
daisva denikinis Semosevis sakiTxi, gadaswyvites erTis mxriT, deni­
kins SevebrZolebiTo, magram erTma maTganma dasva sakiTxi: qarTvele­
bi, rom Semovidnen, ra vqnaTo. es sakiTxi maTTvis kidev gadauwyveteli
yofila! demokratiuli respublika saqarTvelosi misaRebia baTobis
muSebisaTvis Tu ara? Cven Tavze, baqos proletariats depeSa gaug­
zavnes, denikini modis da Tqven ras hfiqrobTo. me mgonia muSaTa kla­
sis interesi moiTxovda frontis gaerTianebas, aqauri fronti unda
gaerTiandes, fronti saqarTvelos demokratiisa, vinaidan saqarTve­
los muSaTa klasi aris baton-patroni am adgilebisa da yvela aseTi
gamosvlebi, romelnic Cven arc angariSs gagviweven, abuCad gvigde­
ben, eWvs gvibadebs.
bneli elementebi niadags eZeben aWaraSiac. rusis bolSevikebis
mier devnilni baTomSi afareben Tavs da aqedan scdiloben gvavnon.

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amas, rom Tavi davaneboT, sanam baTomi Cvens xelT ar iqneba, tyuilad
Tavs nu movityuilebT, rom zRvis piras varT. baTomi aris erTad-er­
Ti iseTi navTsadguri, saidanac SeiZleba marTla zRviT sargebloba.
baTomi aris iseTi mxare, iseTi kari, saidanac SegviZlian yovelive
ekonomiuri da kulturuli damokidebuleba viqonioT dasavleT ev­
ropasTan. sanam es nawili Cvengan daSorebulia, Cven rac unda bevri
kargi ganwyobileba SevqmnaT, magaliTad italielebsa Tu safrangeT­
Tan, Tu Cvens gankargulebaSi ar iqneba baTomi, veravin verafriT ver
dagvakmayofilebs. amitom Cven iZulebuli viyaviT dResve dagvesva
sakiTxi da gvekiTxa mTavrobisaTvis: ra zomebs iRebs igi dauyovneb­
liv misTvis, rom samahmadiano saqarTvelos SemoerTebis saqme dRi­
ur sakiTxad miiCnion? ra zomebi iqneba miRebuli imis gamo, Tu vinme
memkvidre ebadeba am mxares? istoriulad memkvidre arsebobs da misi
aris baTomi. es aris saqarTvelo.
Cven viciT agreTve, rom auarebeli xalxi gamodis baTomidan. vin
aris es xalxi? rasakvirvelia aris nawili, arev-darevas Tavs, rom
aridebs da eZebs myuro adgils, es nawili moiltvis tfilisSi, rom aq
kargi sastumroebiT dastkbes da daisvenos, magram aris meore nawili
oficrobisa, romelnic Semodian, rogorc agentebi. danamdvilebiT
SemiZlian vsTqva, imaTi ricxvi ufro metia, vidre pirveli juris
xalxisa. modian yubanidan, novorosiidan, ekaterinodaridan, nawi­
li rCeba tfilisSi da amzadebs erTgvar niadags, TandaTan lagdeba
aq. zogierTi baqoSi midis, zogierTi pirdapir frontze gadadis. ai
amasTan brZolaa saWiro da mTavrobam gadaWriT unda gviTxras, rom
amis winaaRmdeg sastik zomebs mimarTavs. Tu sastikad ar iqneba dac­
uli Cveni sazRvrebi, male mtrebi gaavseben Cvens qveyanas. yuradReba
unda mieqces duSeTis samxedro gzas, raWis da sxva sazRvrebs. yovel
SemTxvevaSi Tu exlave es zomebi ar iqneba miRebuli, Cven ar SegveZle­
ba vsTqvaT, rom gvaqvs damoukidebeli saqarTvelo, vinaidan TandaTan
gviWrian im teritorias, romelic Cven udavo teritoriad migvaCnia.
Tu gnebavT aiReT ukanaskneli werili ingliselTa gen. korisa ad­
erbeijanis saxelze, rasakvirvelia, es Cven SegviZlian miviRoT, ro­
gorc Cven mTavrobasTan momarTulic. mexadiridan gadadiT, bzibze
gaCerdiT da rodesac gadaxvalT, maSin miiRebs denikini brZanebas,
rom gaCerdeso. sxva sakiTxia, denikini amas Seasrulebs Tu ara. xom
iyo brZaneba soWis olqi daecala, magram denikinma olqi aramc Tu
ar dascala, piriqiT ieriSiT wamovida da sadaod gagvixada udavo
teritoria. dRes inglisis sardloba eTanxmeba denikins: Tqveni saz­
Rvari aris md. bzibio. man ukve CamogvaWra teritoria, romelic amas
winad udao iyo. igive moxda artaanis mxares, TiTon sTqves daikaveT
artaanis, focxovis raionio da sxva aseTi. dRes Cven brZanebis winaSe
vsdgevarT: artaani unda dascaloTo. faqtiurad Seiqmna aseTi mdgo­
mareoba: Zveli artaani jer- jerobiT Cven xelSia da axali artaani
somxebis an da inglisis xelSia. magram yovlad warmoudgenelia, rom

156
wyali hyofdes qalaqs, meore is, rom axalqalaq-axalcixis Sose Cven
xelT ar iyos. ise, rom Tu gvinda wavideT artaanidan axalcixes, saqa­
rTvelodan saqarTveloSi unda SemoviaroT inglisi Tu somxeTi _ ar
viciT. me ar var darwmunebuli, rom baTomis olqSiac ase ar moxdeba.
es sakiTxi erTxel da samudamoT iqnes gamorkveuli, amitom me
fraqciam damavala warmomedgina yovelive es mosazrebebi da meTxova
mTavrobisTvis, rom gagvces pasuxi am SekiTxvis Sesaxeb. ori sakiTxia,
TviT SekiTxvaSi. erTia: sazRvrebis dacva. meore: (Tumca baTomSi rom
adgenen im korpuss saxelaT hqvian kavkasiis mkvidrTa korpusi, magram
Cinelebisgan, rom korpusi Sedges da wamovides, sul erTia Sedegi
erTi iqneba) baTomi ar unda gadaiqces bazad mtrisaTvis. mesame aris
samahmadiano saqarTvelos sakiTxi. am sakiTxs CvenTvis uaRresi mniSvn­
eloba aqvs da Cven pasuxs moveliT. rasakvirvelia Cven amiTi ar gvinda
agresiuli pasuxi movTxovoT mTavrobas, magram erTi ki gul-axdilaT
vsTqvaT: is mTavroba, romelic ar miiRebs yovelive zomebs, is mTav­
roba Tavis adgilze ver darCeba, is damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic
dahkargavs baToms, ar iqneba damfuZnebeli kreba, is iqneba istoriis
winaSe damnaSave da is damfuZnebeli kreba, vlasa mgelaZisa ar iyos
ZaliT da maTraxiT gasareki iqneba (maWavariani adgilidan: aqamdisac
bevri iyo baTomis dakargvisTvis).
giorgi gvazava. (er.-d.) batonebo! Semotanili SekiTxva me agre me­
smis: sakiTxi Seexeba baToms da baTomis beds. yvelasTvis CvenTvis eWvs
gareSea, rom es baTomis bedi unda iyos gadawyvetili, rogorc moiTx­
ovs saqarTvelos intresi, rom es bedi aucileblad dakavSirebulia
TiTon saqarTvelosTan. aq didi statistikis moyvana da istoriuli an
ekonomiuri mosazreba sruliad saWiro ar aris; yvelam, visac ki unda
gaigos saqarTvelos mdgomareoba da mniSvneloba, sakmarisia daxedos
ruqas da dainaxavs, rom baTomi aramc Tu aris dakavSirebuli, is aris
gadajaWvuli saqarTvelosTan. rkinis gza _ swored es aris gamoxat­
va am gadajaWvisa. ar aris arc erTi Sto am rkinis gzisa, romelic
akavSirebdes sxva romelime kuTxes baTumTan. Tu amas daumatebT eT­
nografiul Semadgenlobas mcxovreblebisas, eWvi ar aris, rom baTumi
aris mouWreli nawili saqarTveloisa. miuxedavad amisa, Cven vxedavT,
rom es nawili exla sxvis xelSi aris. aseTi winaaRmdegoba simarTli­
sa da realobisa yovlad gaugebaria CemTvis, marTalia, Znelia mTav­
robis mdgomareoba, magram, b-bo, SeiZleba mTavrobac Semcdari iyos.
yovelTvis taSis dakvra ar aris kargi. me mgonia am mxriv mTavrobas
miuZRvis, cota ar iyos, danaSauli. (xmauroba. xma: vin gexvewebaT...)
unda damfuZnebeli krebis yuradReba mivaqcio im Secdomebs, romel­
ic aris, romelic sCans. yoveli Tqvengani valdebuli aris sinidisis
qveS daafasos is principi, romelic iyo Cven sagareo politikaSi da
Taviseburi direqtivebi misceT mTavrobas am mxriv. (xmauroba). uk­
acravad. pirveli momenti gaxlavT iuridiuli. is oratori romel­
mac Cems win ilaparaka, ukve amas Seexo, magram ar ganuviTarebia es. es

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aris brest-litovskis xelSekruleba. Tqven Zalian kargad iciT, rom
am xelSekrulebisa, romlis ZaliT baTumis mxare CamoerTva mTels
saqarTvelos, Cven winaaRmdegi viyaviT. Tqven Zalian kargad iciT, rom
amisTvis omic gamovucxadeT osmaleTs. miuxedavad amisa... (xmauro­
ba) batonebo, TviTon antantis saxelmwifoebi: safrangeTi, inglisi,
amerika da italia uarshyofen brest-litovskis xelSekrulebas. mo­
hyavT mravali mosazreba, amboben, rom es arRvevs yovelgvar uflebas,
rogorc ruseTisas, ise kerZo erovnebisaso. Tu miaqcevT yuradRe­
bas, Tu sad gadadis xazi Cveni saxelmwifosi baTomis mxriv _ Wolok­
is xazi _ Tqven dainaxavT, rom igi yovlad miuRebelia. igi sWris Sua
Cven erovnul organizms da saerTaSoriso konferenciaze igi unda
waiSalos. rogor SeuZlian ingliss isargeblos im xaziT, romelic
gayvanilia brest-litovskis xelSekrulebis ZaliT. amaze laparaki
zedmetia. me Tqven gekiTxebiT, isargebla amiT mTavrobam? miCveneT
erTi nota, sadac es azri gatarebuli iyos. (xmauroba) moiyvaneT erTi
nota mainc. mere laparaki iyo imaze, rom Cven xelSekruleba gvqonda
osmaleTTan. es marTalia, magram am xelSekrulobam ar miiRo damt­
kiceba stambolSi. rogorc mogexsenebaT vada gauvida, maSasadame es
xelSekruleba ar arsebobs.
aqedan xedavT, Tu rogori sakiTxi unda davayenoT parizis kon­
ferenciaze da iq eWvi ar aris, es sakiTxi unda gadaswydes Cvens sa­
sargeblod. yvela dainaxavs, rom baTomi aris mouwyveteli nawili
saqarTvelosi. magram samwuxarod, am xazze laparaki ar aris. batoni
mdivani gakvirvebulia: bernis da amsterdamis konferenciam icno Cve­
ni damoukideblobao, (diax, diax!) diax, diax! Cven varT neitralebio,
_ da rad gvepyrobian ase usamarTlodao? es orive azri Semcdari
aris da swored aq unda SevcvaloT Cveni politika (xma: e. i.?) moiT­
mineT batonebo, rodesac Cven gavgzavneT delegacia, is azri iyo, rom
delegatebi igzavnebodnen, rogorc warmomadgenlebi saqarTveloi­
sa. isini midiodnen parizSi, unda elaparaknaT „SeTanxmebis“, saxelm­
wifoebTan da unda daecvaT saqarTvelos interesebi. amis magier, isi­
ni midian sxvagan da sxvagan eZeben Semweobas.
Cven warmomadgenlebs neba ar hqondaT, wasuliyvnen da daswre­
bodnen bernis da amsterdamis konferencias. ratom? TqvenTvis, yve­
lasTvis, aSkaraa, rom mTeli msoflio aris gafxrewili or nawilaT.
erTis mxriT aris parizis konferencia, meores mxriv _ mowinaaRmdege
mimdinareoba, romlis gamoxatuloba aris bernis konferencia. Tqven
gzavniT delegacias imitom, rom gamoiTxovos cnoba saqarTvelos
damoukideblobisa. maSasadame am sakiTxis gadaWra SeiZleba mxolod
am centrSi, parizSi. aq unda movTxovoT cnoba Cveni uflebisa, Cven
imisTvis vgzavniT warmomadgenlebs da imave dros zogierTi maT­
gani midian iqidan bernis da amsterdamis konferenciaze. ra aris es?
aris politika, aq aris politikuri gamWriaxoba? (xma: diax!). me ver
warmomidgenia, rogor SeiZleba gadaxvideT mowinaaRmdege banakSi

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maSin, rodesac dainteresebulni xarT, _ rom parizis konferenci­
am aRiaros Tqveni saxelmwifo. rogor SexedavT Tqven iseT pirebs,
romelnic vTqvaT gamogzavnili arian aq saqarTveloSi, da imis ma­
givraT, rom mTavrobasTan hqondeT molaparakeba, daiwyon molapa­
rakeba ruseTis sabWosTan? (xma: nacion-demokratebTan?) Tu gindaT
nacion-demokritebTan. nacional-demokratebi Tqveni mowinaaRmde­
geni ar arian, magram nacional-demokratebs undaT, rom Tqven aiRoT
nam­dvili alRo, namdvil xazs mimarToT, rom uzrunvelhyoT saqar­
Tvelos damoukidebloba. Cven migiTiTebT Secdomebze, rom gaas­
woroT, Tu ar gaasworeT Tqven xalxis winaSe damnaSaveni xarT da
pasuxismgebelni istoriis winaSe. me ver warmomidgenia: Tu parizSi
aris moqceuli saqarTvelos interesebi, rogor SeiZleba imave dros
gadavdivarT mowinaaRmdege banakSi da iqidan revoliuciiT vemuqre­
biT im saxelmwifoebs, romelTa xelSia gadawyveta Cveni bedisa? es
politika ar aris misaRebi exlandel droSi, es yovlad SeuZlebelia.
sworeT amitom vTqviT es sityva, romelic unda Tqmuliyo. aq ambo­
ben kidev neitralobaze. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom damoukide­
blobis aqtSi neitraloba moxsenebulia, magram neitraloba CvenTvis
aris ideali da ara dRevandeli politikis safuZveli. dRes-dRe­
obiT, rodesac mTeli kacobrioba gafxrewili aris or nawilad,
neitraloba niSnavs gamoTiSvas, martoobas. Cven sxva gza ar gvaqvs an
erT mxa­res unda daveyrdnoT an meore mxares. neitralobiT araferi
ar gamova. saqarTvelo aqamdis iyo gamoTiSuli. (xma: denikinis banak­
Si... xmauroba). Tqven iq mibrZandiT. sworeT amitom geubnebodiT, rom
unda davicvaT saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da Tu Tqven es sakiTxi
ise gesmiT, rogorc denikinis Semoseva, es Tqveni loRikis da Tqveni
gonebis saqmea. Cven ki mkafioT, garkveulad vlaparakobT, rom Cven
unda davicvaT saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. da Tu baton naTaZes
hgonia, rom es aris denikanis Semosvla, _ es misi saqmea. (xma: ra gziT?)
Cven unda vawarmovoT erTad erTi politika, _ politika demokrati­
uli. (xma: o!) diax demokratiuli politika, is politika, romelic
miRebulia parizis konferenciaze (sicili, xmauroba) Tqven kargaT
ar gesmiT ra aris demokratiuli principi. demokratiuli princi­
pi gaxlavT Tvisufleba da Tanasworoba yovelive moqalaqisa. (xma:
romelsac parizSi icaven ara?) dacva misi pirovnebis politikur da
qonebriv uflebisa. (xma: qonebriv uflebisa?) diax qonebrivi uflebi­
sa da sworeT Tqven amis winaaRmdeg midixarT, e. i. Tqveni politika
ar aris politika demokratiuli. Tqveni politika gadaxrilia ufro
marcxniv, aris sarevoliucio politika da revoliucia ki gaTavda,
saqarTveloSi gaTavda mainc 26 maiss (sicili da xmauroba). amas Cauk­
virdiT es sasacilo ar aris.
exla Tqven ambobT, ratom ar gvaZleven baToms? amisTvis saWiroa,
rom Seicvalos Tqveni politika, saerTaSoriso da Sinauri. saWiroa,
rom Cven droSis qveS mogrovdes mTeli saqarTvelo, yoveli moqalaqe,

159
yoveli mosaxle saqarTveloisa. aq unda iyos gamosworebuli erTi
demokratiuli fronti. sanam amas ar miaRwevT, sanam erTi nawili
saqarTvelos Svilebisa guldaCagruli gulxel-dakrefili sxedan
da ver imuSaveben imitom, rom Tqven ar aZlevT amis saSualebas. es
aris damRupveli da saxifaTo saqarTvelosTvis (xma: daasaxeleT). me
ufro gaRrmaveba ar minda am sakiTxisa, me minda mxolod Tqveni yur­
adReba mivaqcio Sinaur saqmeebze da gansakuTrebiT sagareo politi­
kaze. me didad Sewuxebuli viqnebi Tu vinme ise gaigebs Cems sityvas,
rom me minda SevanjRrio mTavrobis mdgomareoba, rom me minda Sevi­
tano raime eWvi qarTvel xalxSi. piriqiT, me darwmunebuli var, rom
saqarTvelos xalxi, saqarTvelos Svilebi grZnoben, rom dRevandeli
dRe aris didi istoriuli momenti, xedaven, rom TandaTan uaxlo­
vdebian umaRles uReltexils, romlis iqiT momavali sabednieroT
gadaSlili iqneba da saqarTvelos bedi uzrunvelyofili iqneba. amas
unda grZnobdes yvela. yovelnair gaWirvebaSi varT, magram es gaWir­
veba droebiTia. SeiZleba mogvSivdes, SeiZleba yovelnairi gaWir­
veba ganvicadoT, magram unda saxeSi viqonioT, rom es uReltexili
axlo aris, erTi Tve, ori Tve, erTi weliwadi gava, magram damyar­
deba mSvidobianoba da Tavisufleba saqarTveloSi. rodesac aseTi
azri trialebs Cvens TavSi, eWvi ar aris, darwmunebuli var, yvela
mamuliSvili iqneba mamuliSvili da Cven sazogado interesebs is ar
uRalatebs. me mogaxsenebT erT samagaliTo moments _ sardali foSis
moRvaweobidan. 9 seqtembers 1914 w. miswera man Semdegi telegrama
Jofrs: „Cemi marcxena jari garbis, Cemi Suaguli Calewilia, mdgo­
mareoba mSvenieria, gadavdivar Setevazeo“. agre unda moviceT Cvenc:
arasodes ar unda gavtydeT zneobrivad. Cveni xalxis mTeli Zvirfa­
si da mSvenieri momavali uzrunvelyofili iqneba, mxolod amisTvis
sWiroa yuradReba miaqcios mTavrobam im sazogado kiTxvebze, rom­
lebzedac me mivaqcie Tqveni yuradReba. (xma: klemanso...).

sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni gegeWkoris sityva.

moqalaqeno! am SekiTxvas imdenad seriozuli xasiaTi aqvs, rom

mTavroba fiqrobda dRes Tqvens winaSe wamoeyenebina mxolod faqti­
uri mxare am sakiTxisa, aReniSna, Tu ra gaakeTa mTavrobam am mxriv
da agreTve eCvenebina TqvenTvis is xazi, romliTac is ivlis am kiTx­
vaSi. araviTar polemikas, gamwvavebul Sexla-Semoxlas, Cven gvegona,
Cven amaSi darwmunebuli viyaviT, dRes aq alagi ar unda hqonoda. da
amitom ukanaskneli oratoris gamosvla CemTvis piradaT sruliad
moulodneli gaxlavT, miT umetes, rom me SemiZlian Tqvens winaSe
ganvacxado, rom araviTari sabuTi aseT gamosvlas ar aqvs, garda,
rasakvirvelia, erTi sabuTisa: es gaxlavT procesi gamosvlisa, pro­
cesi laparakisa (gvazava: SekiTxva iyo, batono!) rodesac romelime

160
oratori aseTi surviliT aRiWurveba, rasakvirvelia, yovelnairi
safuZveli maSin unda moiSalos da Tqvens winaSe mxolod stiqia sd­
gas, stiqia oratorobis. ai swored aseT stiqiiT aris Sepyrobili
batoni gvazava, rodesac is Tqvens winaSe mTavrobas swamebs, rom man
Caidina danaSauli, ar gaakeTa is, rac unda gaekeTebinao da es rom ase
gaxlavT es TviT moqalaqe gvazavam mSvenivrad icis.
pirveli misi debuleba gaxlavT Semdegi: mTavrobas es kiTxva ar
dauyenebia ise, rogorc unda daeyenebina, e. i. mTavroba ar damdga­
ra am kiTxvaSi brest-litovskis xelSekrulobis safuZvelze da ar
aRuniSnavs mokavSireTa winaSe is, rac unda aReniSnao. marTalia Tu
ara am SemTxvevaSi batoni gvazava? me vamtkiceb Tqvens winaSe, rom
ar aris marTali. kidev 18 ianvars, rodesac baTomSi pirvelad fexi
Semodges mokavSireebma, saqarTvelos mTavrobam, misma warmomadgen­
elma nota warudgina inglisis misias, sadac es kiTxva swored ise
iyo dayenebuli, rogorc iq batoni gvazava laparakobs. Cveni gancxa­
deba iyo Semdegi: baTomis mxare _ es ganuyreli nawilia saqarTvel­
oisa. saqarTvelos mTavrobas ver warmoudgenia saqarTvelo ubaTo­
mod da baTomi usaqarTvelod. saqarTvelos mTavrobam aRniSna, rom
brest-litovskis xelSekrulobis Semdeg mas mouxda SebrZoleba
osmaleTTan baTomis niadagze, rom man SeZlebis dagvarad daicva es
mxare da maSin kidev, rodesac germaniis koalicia Tavis gamarjvebis
umaRles zenitzed idga, _ saqarTvelo ar SeuSinda im usamarTlobas,
romelsac apirebden misTvis Tavzed moexviaT. is SeebrZola saTaTre­
Tis da germaniis koalicias da pirveli samarTliani nabiji, romelic
am mxriv unda gadadgan mokavSireebma, _ es unda iyves aRdgena saqarT­
velos sazRvrebisa, Cveni xalxis saTaTreTTan omis win. es gaxldaT
gancxadebuli kidev 18 ianvars, moqalaqe gvazava! (gvazava: konferen­
ciaze ra qeniT, SeiZleba vikiTxoT?).
meore nota iyo wardgenili 15 Tebervals da yvela es notebi, unda
mogaxsenoT da aRvniSno Tqvens winaSe, xelT hqonda baton gvazavas,
vinaidan baton gvazavas yovelTvis hqonda saSualeba da ufleba, da
am saSualebiT da uflebiT is sargeblobda, rom Cveni arqivi gadaeT­
valierebina da yvela notas gascnoboda (gvazava: me konferenciaze
mogaxsenebT da agre gadasxvafereba SeuZlebelia!) ukacravad, Tqve­
ni stenograma waikiTxeT, da Tu iciT kiTxva Tqven naxavT, ra sweria
da ras laparakobdiT. (gvazava: ra sweria?) am notaSi Cven vswerdiT,
rom saqarTvelos xalxi da mTavroba moelis, rom misi samarTliani
moTxovnilebani dakmayofilebuli iqmnebian. mokavSireTa sardlobam
kargad unda icodes, rom Semdeg imisa, rac baTomSi Cveni jarebi da­
marcxdnen, da es organiuli nawili Cveni saerTo sxeulisa Camogle­
jili iqmna, mTeli qarTveli mosaxleoba am olqisa da qalaqisa gansa­
kuTrebiT, ltolvilTa armiaT gadaiqca da saqarTvelos sxva da sxva
kuTxeebSi Tavi Seifara. pirveli nabiji, Cven vlaparakobT, romelic
unda gadasdgas am mxriv sardlobam, es iqneba is, rom unda misces sa­

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Sualeba da ufleba am ltolvilebs dabrundnen TavianT ojaxebSi da
daubrundnen TavianT keras, TviT baTomSi. meore _ Cven vacxadebT,
rom vinaidan brest-litovskis xelSekrulobis ZaliT baTomis olqi
Camoaglijes saqarTvelos da es aqti _ brest-litovskis xelSekru­
loba ki iyo mimarTuli mokavSireTa winaaRmdeg da maT Soris Cven wi­
naaRmdegac, da am SeTxvevaSi scdeba moqalaqe mdivani, rodesac is Cven
neitralobaze laparakobs, vinaidan Cven neitraloba ki ar dagviWer­
ia, piriqiT sastiki SebrZoleba gauwieT mokavSireTa mtrebs, rode­
sac baTomis midamoebSi da anariis maRlobebze vibrZodiT (xmauro­
ba. zari.) diax, diax, Cven vlaparakobT, rom samarTlianoba moiTxovs,
rom baTomi da baTomis olqi Cabardes imaT, visac Camoaglija es kuTxe
osmaleTma. ai, rogor iyo dayenebuli es sakiTxi. exla moqalaqe gva­
zava gvekiTxeba, konferenciaze ra gaakeTeTo, rogoria Cveni pozi­
ciao? me vambob, Cveni pozicia konferenciaze aseTi aris, _ marTalia
Cven jer kidev ar gvqonia saSualeba warvdgeniliyaviT konferenci­
aze da maTTvis gamogvecxadebina. (gvazava: riTi aixsneba es?) albad
es aixsneba imiTve, riTac moqalaqe gvazava xsnida erT dros, gaxsovT
Tqven, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno, im garemoebas, rom Cveni delga­
cia stambolSi darCa da iqidan ver gaemgzavra imitom, rom delegaci­
is meTaurebi, socialistebi iyvneno. diax, magram gaxsovT, me ar vici
Sercxva Tu ara moqalaqe gvazavas, xolo piradad me imis magivrad
Semrcxva, rodesac pirvel rigSi, parizSi gaemgzavrnen am delegaci­
is meTaurebi _ CxeiZe da kaki wereTeli. ai, aseTive samarTlianobiT
brZanebs exla moqalaqe gvazava, rodesac Cven gvimtkicebs, TiTqos
mTeli is garemoeba, rom dRes-dReobiT baTomis sakiTxi da saerToT
sakiTxi Cveni damoukideblobisa ar aris gadaWrili, _ es mxolod mas
imiT auxsnia, rom saqarTvelos meTaurad gamodian socialistebi da
kerZoT social-demokratebi. me mgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSi moqalaqe
gvazavas alaparakebs ara saerTo interesi, ara Cveni saxelmwifos
bed-iRbali... (gvazava: ra ainteresebs?) aramed partiuli interesi.
vinaidan saqmis obieqtiuri viTareba da garemoeba sruliad ar gva­
Zlevs saSualebas gavakeToT iseTi daskvna, romelsac akeTebs batoni
gvazava. da saerTod unda mogaxsenoT moqalaqeno, rom aseT gamosvlas,
rogoric man dRes gaakeTa, aq bevri laparaki ar aris saWiro, rom mas
erTnairi kvalifikacia gaukeToT.
es gamosvla Cemis azriT, raRac glaxa suliT iyo moculi (gvaza­
va: denikinis simpatiiT, ara?) denikinis simpatiiT ara, magram ara Cve­
ni xalxis da respublikis simpatiiT (gvazava: ukacravad!), vinaidan,
rasac Tqven aq amtkicebT, rom imaSi brali Cven gvidevs, erTis mxriv
samarTlianobas Ralatobs da meores mxriv, rasakvirvelia, TviT xalx­
is interesebs Ralatobs. amas aSkarad vacxadeb, vinaidan Tqven kargaT
iciT, rom Tu baTumi Cven xelT ar aris, amaSi Cven araviTari brali ar
gvidevs. (maWavariani: bevri brali migiZRviT, amas yovelTvis vityvi)
(anjafariZe: gabaSvilis bralia. zari) me sabuTebs wamogiyenebT sa­

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dac aris aSkarad da mkafiod dayenebuli, rom mTavrobam gaakeTa is,
rac mas evaleboda. mTavrobam dasabuTebuli wardgena ukve gaukeTa
aqac da parizSiac imaT, visac jer ars da Cven ucdiT da daimedovnebu­
li varT, rom Cveni samarTliani moTxovnileba bolos da bolos dak­
mayofilebuli iqneba. rac Seexeba saerTo danaSaulobas, amaze me mgo­
nia laparaki ar unda gavagrZeloT. me aravis ar minda brali davsdo
arc warsulSi, arc exla momavalSi. magram erTi kidev unda movaxseno
maWavarians, rodesac is mdivans replikas aZlevda adgilidan. maSin
rodesac baTumisTvis vibrZodiT da sisxls vRvridiT, -gvaxsovs zo­
gierTi sazogadoebrivi wreebi, romelnic sul sxvanairad lapara­
kobdnen da swerdnen da Tu brali vismes edeba, es brali edeba sworeT
amaT... (xma: mand iyvnen Tqveni socialistebi!) ukacravad.
rac Seexeba kiTxvis arsebiT mxares, unda mogaxsenoT, rom kidev
ukanasknel gamosvlis dros, me ganvacxade, rom Cven gvaqvs cnobebi,
rom generali romanovski iniSneba general-gubernatorad baTomSi,
rom Cven winaaRmdeg mzaddeba axali fronti, da mTavroba miiRebs
Sesafer zomebs. da zomebi miRebuli iqneba im dResve. pirvel dResve,
mTavrobis saxeliT, sagareo saqmeTa ministrma gagzavna nota adgilo­
briv sardlobis saxelze, rom Tu romanovski dainiSna general-guber­
natorad, da sazogadod gagrZelda is politika, romelsac dRemde
inglisis sardloba awarmoebda baTumSi da baTumis olqSi, es iqneba
mtruli ganwyobileba saqarTvelosadmi. amazed Cven 4 ivliss Semdegi
pasuxi miviReT, romelsac aq Tqven winaSe wavikiTxav (kiTxulobs):
gareSe saqmeTa ministrs.
Tqveno aRmatebulebav!
maqvs pativi gauwyoT Tqveni baraTis miReba, pirveli ivnisis
TariRiT #3856. me rasakvirvelia, ar vici Tu ra wyaroebidan gaqvT
cnobebi general romanovski-romankos baTomis general-gubernato­
rad daniSvnis Sesaxeb, magram me gTxovT miiRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom
cxadia, Secdoma moxda zemoxsenebulis generalis general denikinis
warmomadgenlad daniSvnis gamo novorosiasTan damokidebulebi­
saTvis.
generali kuk-kolisi rCeba samxedro gubernatorad baTomisa da
mTels olqisa da laparakic-ki zedmetia imaze rom, aravis aqvs neba
Caerios iqaur saqmeSi an da baTomi bazad gamoiyenos garda britane­
Tis laSqarisa.

gratam-belliu

aseTi iyo, moqalaqeno, pasuxi Cvens SekiTxvaze, magram Tavis-Tav­

ad cxadia, rom aseTi pasuxiT saqarTvelos mTavroba ver dakmayofil­
deboda, radganac mdgomareoba, marTlac, iseTs xasiaTs Rebulobs,
romelzedac aq baton mdivanma brZana. yovel SemTxvevaSi me davaleba

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maqvs ganvacxado Tqvens winaSe, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba yovelnair
zomebs miiRebs, rom ar moxdes is usamarTloba, romelic mzaddeba
baTomis olqSi da baTomSi. saqarTvelos mTavrobas Zalian kargad
aqvs warmodgenili, rom is ar iqneba arc Tqveni da arc xalxis ndo­
bis Rirsi, Tu ki marTlac is mTel Tavis energias, mTel Tavis Sromas,
mTel Tavis unars ar moaxmarebs im miznis misaRwevad, romliTac saqa­
rTveloze Camonagleji mxare saqarTvelosve ukan daubrundes da re­
spublikis farglebSi Semovides. es Seadgens umTavres RerZs mTavro­
bis politikisas da am xazidan mTavroba im dromde, sanam sargeblobs
Tqvenis ndobiT, ar gadava.
Cven gvaqvs amave dros cnobebi, rom marTladac baTumSi mzaddeba
iseTi moqmedeba, romelmac SesaZlo aris erTnairi, CvenTvis ara sa­
sargeblo, faqti Seqmnas am olqSi da qalaqSi. Cven amis winaaRmdeg mi­
viReT zomebi, Tumca jer kidev ar dagvikargavs imedi, rom bolos da
bolos inglisi, inglisis sardloba darwmundeba imaSi, rom es olqi,
rogorc istoriulad, ise eTnografiulad da ekonomiurad aris
ganuyreli nawili saqarTvelosi da miiRebs zomebs, rom es nawili
ukanve dagvibrundes.
Cven moqalaqeno, dRemdisin Semdeg politikas vadeqiT, radganac
Cven sruliad darwmunebuli viyaviT, rom Cveni samarTliani moTxov­
nileba iq -evropaSi, bolos da bolos gaimarjvebda. amisTvis Cven vk­
mayofildebodiT diplomatiur gziT, molaparakebiT da araviTari
agresiuli nabiji inglisis politikis winaaRmdeg Segnebulad, ar
gadagvidgams, da am niadagze vdgevarT dResac.
magram, me vacxadeb Tqven winaSe, Tu denikini an sxva vinme am olqs
Tavis bazad gaxdis, Tavis-Tavad cxadia, rom saqarTvelos respublik­
is mTavroba valdebuli iqneba, am SemTxvevaSi, im axlad Seqmnil mdgo­
mareobas da koniuqturas Sesaferisi angariSi gauwios, da Sesabami
daskvna gaakeTos.
amiT me minda gavaTao axsna am SekiTxvis Sesaxeb, romelic aq iyo
dasmuli.
me ar avasrulebdi aRebul movaleobas, Tu ki oriode sityviT
mainc ar upasuxebdi dasasrul baton gvazavas. man Cven delegacias
brali dasdo imaSi, rom parizSi gagzavnil delegaciis erTi wevri,
kaki wereTeli amsterdamis saerTaSoriso konferencias daeswro.
b. gvazavam am faqtSi dainaxa raRac danaSauloba, romelic TiTqos
Caidina kaki wereTelma. me unda vsTqva, rom am SemTxvevaSi batoni gva­
zava scdeba ise, rogorc xSirad (xma marcxnidan: rogorc yovelTvis!)
(Tqven, rom erTob marTali xarT!) vinaidan kaki wereTelma da Cvenma
delegaciam am mxriv mxolod TavianT wminda movaleoba Seasrules da
sxvanairi moqmedeba am delegacias ar SeeZlo.
Tqven iciT, moqalaqeno, rom Cveni samarTliani moTxovnileba,
Cveni samarTliani miswrafeba-gamtkiceba Cveni respublikisa da da­
moukideblobisa aris damyarebuli im saerTo simpatiaze, romelic

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unda damyardes Cvens respublikis mimarT saerTo demokratiis da
saerTo kacobriobis TvalSi. es aris realuri gza, realuri baza,
romelsac saerTaSoriso politikaSi Cven vadgevarT. am SemTxvevaSi
didi gansxvaveba aris Cven da baton gvazavas Soris. marTalia man
Tavis politikas demokratiuli politika uwoda, magram me unda
ganvacxado, rom im politikas, romelsac gvikarnaxebs batoni gva­
zava, araviTari kavSiri demokratiasTan da demokratiis Soris ar
aqvs da arc eqneba (gvazava: kargad ar gesmiT Tqven demokratizmi!) aq
adamiani, romelic brals sdebs Cvens delegacias imaSi, rom moupova
saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas saerTaSoriso konferenci­
is simpatia da aRiareba, me mgonia, rom am orators ara aqvs Cveni
interesebisa da Cveni respublikis politikis Sinaarsis namdvili
warmodgena. demokratiuli politika swored imaSi swarmoebs, rom
Cven unda gavabaT mWidro kavSiri Cven demokratiis da saerTaSori­
so demokratiis Soris (gvazava: internacionali, ara?) diax, es gza
gaxlavT internacionali. diax! isic unda ganvacxado, sxvaTa Soris,
rom... (gvazava: romeli internacionali, mesame Tu meoTxe?) am SemTx­
vevaSi araviTari dapirdapireba parizis konferenciis bernis da
amsterdamis dadgenilebaTa Soris ar SeiZleba, radganac, ramdena­
dac Cven viciT, parizis konferencia da misi lideri vilsoni Tavis
deklaraciis erT qvakuTxedad sTvlida erTa TviTgamorkvevis prin­
cips da rogor SeiZleba saqmis warmodgena ise, rogorc warmodgeni­
li aqvs baton gvazavas. is fiqrobs, rom Tu Cven mivmarTavT amster­
damis internacionals amiT Cven gavabrazebT parizis konferencias
da vilsons. (gvazava: diax!) me mgonia es ase ar aris, da Tu es asea, es
friad samwuxaro gaxlavT.
Cven gvinda, rom Cveni xalxis keTildReoba avaSenoT mkvidr safuZ­
velze.
Cven gvinda, rom Cveni xalxi gavxadoT Rirseul wevrad saerTaSo­
riso ojaxisa.
Cven gvinda, rom Cveni demokratia vaziaroT saerTaSoriso kul­
turas da civilizacias da, me mgonia, rom Cven mivdivarT swore gziT.
sanam es mTavroba Tavis alagas zis, demokratiasTan erTad
demokratiis princips Tavis dReSi ar uRalatebs da gvazavas karnaxs
da mis rCevas: _ rom zurgi vuqcioT saerTaSoriso demokratias, _
aseT gzas, rasakvirvelia, ar miiRebs. (taSi)
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ivane gomarTels.
ivane gomarTeli (s.-d.). damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! Tumca SekiTx­
vis Sinaarsi, sagareo saqmeTa ministris sityvis Semdeg, mTlianad
amowuruli gaxlavT, magram Cveni mdgomareoba dRes imdenad seri­
ozuli aris da am SekiTxvas Cven mdgomareobasTan imdenad mWidro
kavSiri aqvs, rom me nebas mivcem Cems Tavs Tqveni yuradReba, mcire
xans, SevaCero kidev. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom revoliuciis
qarcecxlSi da Tavisuflebis brZolis gzaze, Cven ara erTi da ori

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safrTxe, mZime, saSiSari safrTxe dagvejaxa. magram Cveni eris saRi
umravlesobis Segnebis wyalobiT, Cveni demokratiis simwifiT, Cve­
ni _ jaris da gvardiis Tavganwirul brZoliT yvela am safrTxidan
gamarjvebuli gamoveliT da Cveni respublika, Cveni keTildReo­
ba movitaneT am mdgomareobamdin. dRes Cveni arsebobis, Cveni Tavi­
suflebis winaaRmdeg aRimarTa erTi metad seriozuli, metad didi
safrTxe, romlis amarTvasac yvela Cvengani moeloda mas Semdeg, rac
ruseTSi bolSevizmma gaimarjva. es safrTxe gaxlavT Savi reaqci­
is, Savi laSqari denikinis meTaurobiT. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT,
rom Zvel ruseTSi, mefis ruseTSi generlebisTvis didi Wkua ar iyo
mainca da mainc savaldebulo. SesaZlebelia, arc denikini iyos didi
Wkuis patroni, magram Tu aq modis saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, imis mo­
qmedebaSi usaTuod aris didi azri. ruseTis reaqcionerebisaTvis
bolSevikuri anarqia did safrTxes ar warmoadgens, ar warmoadgens
imisTvis, rom anarqias arc erT saxelmwifoSi didxans ar uarsebnia
da, ruseTi, didi ruseTi, romelsac aqvs Tavis kultura, warsuli
da momavali, am anarqiiT didxans ver icxovrebs; da anarqia rac unda
didi iyos da Zlieri, adre Tu gvian Caqreba. anarqiul bolSevizms
momavali ar aqvs, magram revoliuciam gvaswavla, revoliucia yvelas
aswavlis, rom demokratiul wyobilebas, demokratiul respublikas,
Tundac iyos patara saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi, aqvs didi momavali,
da Sav-razmelebs, ruseTis reaqcionerebs imdenad ar aSinebs bol­
Sevikuri anarqia, radganac is droebiTia. maT ician es, _ maT aSinebs
demokratiuli respublika, _ Tu demokratiuli respublika mtkice
iqneba, isini Tavis ganzraxvas ver ganaxorcieleben. amitomac rea­
qcionerebis mizani erTia: sanam bolSevizms gasresavden ruseTSi, maT
ueWvelad unda gasrison demokratiuli wyobileba, sadac unda iyos
_ yofil ruseTis imperiis sazRvrebSi. demokratiuli wyobileba
dRes-dReobiT, ase Tu ise gamarjvebuli aris saqarTveloSi. denikin­
ma _ Tu ki mas Zala Seswevs _ usaTuod unda gamoilaSqros saqarTve­
los winaaRmdeg, da am gamolaSqrebas usaTuod didi mniSvneloba aqvs
da didi politikuri azri. daumateT am garemoebas isic, rom poli­
tikur miznis gareSe, moxaliseTa razms erekeba Cvensken SurisZieba.
axla Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi da gaiTvaliswinebT imas, Tu ra mogv­
elis Cven, Tu am brZolaSi davmarcxdiT, TqvenTvis cxadi iqneba, rom
marto Tavisuflebas da damoukideblobas ki ar unda gamoveTxovoT,
me garwmunebT, Cven demokratias fizikuri ganadgureba moelis, da is­
eTi Zlieri ganadgureba, rom qarTvel ers ara erTi da ori aTeuli
weliwadi dasWirdeba, rom welSi gamagrdes da fexze dadges.
radganac Cven aseT gansakuTrebul pirobebSi vcxovrobT, gan­
sakuTrebul safrTxis winaSe varT, CvenTvis aris saWiro, rom gan­
sakuTrebul zomebs mivmarToT. da me minda amas mivaqcio mTavrobis
yuradReba, _ mTavrobisa, _ romelic darajaT udgas Cven respublikas,
Cven Tavisuflebas; Cveni mTavrobis yuradReba aqiTken aris miqceuli,

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me darwmunebuli var, mTeli 24 saaTi. magram me minda, rom dRe-da-Ra­
meSi 48 saaTi iyos mTavrobis yuradReba miqceuli am sakiTxisaken, gac­
ilebiT meti yuradReba unda iyos miqceuli imaze, rac aucileblad
saWiro aris. mTavrobas am mxriv Cem mier gzis Cveneba ar sWiria, ma­
gram me minda, rom dRevandel pirobebSi mTavrobis yuradReba mudam
aqiT iyos mipyrobili.
Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT, rom tfilisSi didi umravlesoba saqa­
rTvelos qveSevrdomi ar aris. Tqven kargaT mogexsenebaT am ara qa­
rTvel qveSevrdomTa Soris, didi umravlesoba Cveni mtrebi arian. es
mtrebi farulad Tu aSkarad moqmedeben Cven respublikis winaaRmdeg.
am dReebSi Tqven mogexsenebaT, TavaSvebuli mteri iqamdinac ki mivi­
da, rom eklesia, saxareba da jvaric ki gamoiyena Tavis Sav miznisaTvis
da qadageba daiwyo. eklesiaSi sisxlis Rvris gasaCereblad, mTavro­
ba Caeria da unda Careuliyo kidec. magram, mTavroba sastikad unda
Caerios yvelgan, sadac mzaddeba Ralati da, rom es Ralati mzaddeba
Tqven kargaT iciT. rasakvirvelia, Cven am RaRatisa ar gveSinian. Cveni
mTavroba, demokratiuli jari da gvardia dRes sakmaod fxizelia da
Ralati wvrilman kacunebisa ar gvaSinebs. magram, mainc mas didi yur­
adReba unda mivaqcioT, imitom, rom gareSe mterma Tu moaxerxa Sin
Ralati mogviwyos, es ukve naxevraT misi gamarjvebaa. exla gavixedoT,
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno, baTumisken. damfuZnebel krebis wevrma
mdivanma mogaxsenaT da sagareo saqmeTa ministrma dokumentalurad
dagvimtkica, rom marto surviliT ar miveswrafebiT baTumisken,
_ Cveni mTeli azrovneba, Cveni diplomatiuri muSaoba iqiTken aris
miqceuli, rom baTumi rogorme SemouerToT saqarTvelos. imitom,
rom saqarTvelos respublikas, saqarTvelos demokratias arseboba
da frTebis gaSla ar SeuZlia, Tu baTumi da samahmadiano saqarTve­
lo SekavSirebuli, SeerTebuli ar iqna saqarTvelosTan. magram Tqven
kargaT mogexsenebaT, rom Cven sxva gza ar gvaqvs, garda diplomati­
ur gzisa, da Tu vinme gvirCevs, rom Cven sxva gzas davadgeT, es rCeva
iqneba ara mizanSewonili. Cven gvaqvs mxolod erTi politika, diplo­
matiuri gza, am gziv yovelive keTdeba. magram sanamdis amas ganvaxor­
cielebT, sanam Cveni mizani frTas Seisxamdes, _ ai am baTumSi ra xdeba?
Ralati iqac mzaddeba, baTumSi mzaddeba fronti, da samwuxaroT, am
moRalateTa Soris arian Cveni qveSevrdomebi, romlebic ara marto
gvars atareben qarTvelebisas, _ qarTvelebi arian. ai am moRalateebis
winaaRmdeg mTeli Tavis sisastikiT unda SeiaraRdes Cveni mTavroba.
gansakuTrebul Jams vcxovrobT, gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile da sisas­
tike gvmarTebs: istoriam Cven Cagvabara mTeli momavali Cveni erisa
da istoriis winaSe Cven vagebT pasuxs, Tu Cveni gaufrTxileblobiT
waxda ram, Tu ver miviReT droze Sesaferi zomebi, romelic aucileb­
lad saWiro aris respublikis gadasarCenaT. Tqven gaixseneT revoli­
uciis droebi _ rogor ebrZoda xalxi, demokratia Tavis mtrebs,
moRalateebs sastikad. me ver warmomidgenia dRes iseTi sastiki da

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mkacri zoma, romlisTvisac Cvenma sakuTarma sindisma, Cvenma xalxma,
Cvenma istoriam gagvamtyunos, Tu ki am zomebiT Cven Tavisuflebas da
damoukideblobas davicavT da ers gadavarCenT. somxebTan omis dros,
Cvenma parlamentma miiRo kanoni moRalateebis winaaRmdeg: _ es iyo
moRalateebis qonebis sruli konfiskacia. es kanoni damfuZnebelma
krebam unda aRadginos dReidan yvela im moRalatis winaaRmdeg, ro­
melic Cven respublikis dasaRupavaT moqmedebs, vinc unda iyos is, yve­
la im moRalatis winaaRmdeg, romelic Cvens qveSevrdomaT iTvleba,
_ ai imaT winaaRmdeg mTel Tavisi sisastikiT unda iyos gatarebuli
aRniSnuli kanoni.
moqalaqeno, radganac garedan safrTxe mogvelis, TavisTavad cxa­
dia, rom Sinauri uTanxmoeba unda Caqres, da me mgonia, rom Cven mTav­
robas aravisTvis ar miucia sababi, rom am uTanxmoebas brZolis dros
xels uwyobdes. me amas imisTvis mogaxsenebT, rom batonma gvazavam
sTqva: _ Tqven iseTi pirobebi SehqmeniT, _ rom gayaviT jari, da aris
erTi nawili, romelsac unda, rom samSoblos emsaxuros, magram, Tqven
SehqmeniT iseTi pirobebi, rom ver emsaxurebiano. batonma gvazavam
gaixsenia valiko juRelis sityva. da mec minda gavixsenio misi sityva.
juRelma sTqva _ frontze ibrZvian aristokratiis, yofil Tavadebis
saukeTeso warmomadgenloba da saukeTesod ibrZviso. me vekiTxebi
damfuZnebel krebis wevrs gvazavas: Tu yofili Tavadebis da aznaure­
bis erTi nawili ibrZvis frontze damoukideblobis dasacavad, vin
uSlis yofil aristokratiis meore nawils, mivides da ibrZolos
samSoblos dasacavad? (gvazava: Tqven uSliT!) Cven uSliT? ratom ar
uSliT imaT, romelzedac juReli mogaxsenebdaT da romelnic mt­
kiceT, guliT ibrZvian denikinis winaaRmdeg? Cven ki ar uSliT, imaT
uSliT is garemoeba, rom ganaxlebul, demokratiul saqarTvelos ver
Serigebian. vinc Seurigda demokratiul saqarTvelos is frontze
ibrZvis, da arc aravis uTqvams imisTvis _ Sen Tavadi xaro. juReli ga­
movida da sTqva: me Tamamad SemiZlian vsTqva, rom arc erTi gvardiel­
ze naklebaT ar ibrZvian isini, da zogierTi ki ukeTaco. Cven vafasebT
maT Rvawls, _ vinc CvenTan aris. yvela is, vinc Seurigda demokrati­
ul saqarTvelos, mTel Cven jarTan, da gvardiasTan erTaT ibrZvis,
magram ar ibrZvis _ vimeoreb-is, visac demokratiuli saqarTvelo ki
ar unda, unda (gvazava: ruseTis batonoba?) ruseTis batonoba Tu ara
yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT undaT Zveli saqarTvelo iseTi wyobilebiT,
rogorc iyo ruseTSi. iseTi wyobileba, rogorc iyo ruseTSi Cven da­
vangrieT da aq, rom gvqondes, garwmunebT, aqac davangrevT. da Tu vis­
mes unda gulwrfelad demokratiuli saqarTvelosTvis ibrZolos,
da gulwrfelad unda daicvas saqarTvelos damoukidebloba _ im
saqarTvelosi, romelic dRes arsebobs demokratiis majiT gamoWedi­
li, _ movides da ibrZolos ise, rogorc ibrZvis iSviaTi maTgani, ro­
melic Seurigda dRevandel saqarTvelos _ demokratiis saqarTvelos
da TavgamodebiT ibrZvis misi damoukideblobis dasacavad.

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 rac Seexeba imas, TiTqos Cveni xsnisaTvis saWiroa Secvla im gzisa,
romliTac dRemde mivdiodiT Cven da Cveni mTavroba, da daadges meo­
re gzas b. gvazavas mier naCvenebs, unda mogaxsenoT Semdegi: me mgonia,
Cveni demokratia da mTavroba demokratiul gziT midis; Tumca bev­
rjel ukiJinebiaT sxva da sxva dros: gvRupavT, viRupebiTo da sxva,
magram am gziT araferi daRupula, da qveyana movitaneT aseT mdgo­
mareobamde. (maWavariani: ubaTumoT, uborCaloT?) me imedi maqvs, rom
es gza awic gamogviyvans gaWirvebidan da mogvcems saSualebas, baTom­
ic davibrunoT da borCaloc. batoni gvazava brZanebs _ demokratiul
gzas unda daadgeTo da klemansos demokratizmze gviTiTebs. (gvaza­
va: vilsonisa!) Tu demokratiuli gza aris TqvenTvis klemansos gza,
Tu klemansos demokratizmi demokratizmia _ maSin unda ganvacxado,
rom Cven da baton gvazavas demokratizmi sxva da sxvanairad gvesmis
da Cven erTmaneTs verafers ver SevagonebT, ramdenic unda vilapara­
koT. rac Seexeba imas, rom Cven konferenciaze gavgzavneT Cveni war­
momadgenlebi da amitom konferenciisaTvis gundruki unda gvekmia
da mxolod amiT davkmayofilebuliyaviT, evropis demokratiisTvis
ki Segveqcia zurgi, _ me Tqven garwmunebT, batono gvazava, ase, rom
movqceuliyaviT, marTlac veraviTar mizans ver mivaRwevdiT. da Tu
Cven gavimarjveT, gavimarjvebT mxolod maSin, Tu Cven movipovebT
mTeli evropis demokratiis yuradRebas, mTel evropis demokratiis
simpatias da TanagrZnobas. me garwmunebT konferenciazed mxolod
imdenaT movipovebT momxreebs, ramdenadac maRla gaismis demokrati­
is, evropis demokratiis xma. mTel Cven imedebs vamyarebT am evropis
demokratiis gamarjvebaze da Tu evropis demokratia damarcxda, Tu
evropis demokratiam Cven mxari ar dagviWira da Cven sasargebloT,
Cveni damoukideblobis sacnobaT misi xma ar gaisma mquxareT, maSin
veWvob, rom klemansos demokratizmma bevri ram mogvces. amitom Cven
vacxadebT, Cvenma mTavrobam, Cvenma demokratiam unda ganagrZos svla
im gziT, romliTac dRemde mivdiodiT da mivdivarT. es aris siaruli
swori, pirdapir demokratiuli gziT, am gziT siaruli unda ganvagr­
ZoT bolomde. sxva gza CvenTvis ar arsebobs, sxva xsna CvenTvis ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri gvazava.
gvazava. batonebo, me momewona erTi gancxadeba sagareo saqme­
Ta ministrisa. iman sTqva _ Cven neitralur gzas ar vadgevarTo,
neitralebi ar viyaviTo. es gancxadeba samarTliania. maSasadame, ime­
di unda viqonioT, rom is sisxli, romelic daRvara saqarTvelom ger­
maniis sazRvrebze, is sisxli, romelic daRvara man baTomSi, gatanili
iqneba konferenciaze da dadebuli saerTaSoriso sasworze, yvela
Cveni argumentebi unda gavitanoT ai am saerTaSoriso sasworze. (xma:
sad aris es?) sad aris es? es aris parizis konferenciaze. (xma: kle­
mansos portfelSi?) iq swyveten am sakiTxs, da iq unda garditanoT es
argumentebi. Cven es sakiTxi mivandeT Cven delegatebs. marTalia, me
winaaRmdegi viyavi socialistebis gagzavnisa konferenciaze, magram

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vinc unda iyos Cveni delegati is Tavdapirvelad delegatia saqarT­
velosi da ara partiis warmomadgeneli. me darwmunebuli viyavi, rom
k. wereTeli iqneba Tu CxeiZe, is mxolod iqnebi warmomadgeneli saqa­
rTvelosi, da ara socializmisa. ai Cemi azri raSia. batoni gegeWkori
ambobs, rom Tu bernSi daeswro, an amsterdamSi iyo kaki wereTeli, es
didi samsaxuriao. aq sworeT ar geTanxmebiT, delegatebs aqvT Tavisi
daniSnuleba, aqvT mindobili Cven mier parizis konferenciaze ilapa­
rakon saqarTvelos saxeliT da daicvan misi interesebi. exla batoni
gegeWkori am konferencias upirdapirebs amsterdamis da bernis kon­
ferencias, da ambobs, _ demokratia iq ariso. ukacravaT, iq Seikrif­
nen socialistebi. demokratebi Cven varT da Tqven xarT socialiste­
bi (sicili, xmauroba). pirdapir vilaparakoT. berni da amsterdami
oms ucxadebs egreTwodebul kapitalizms, maSasadame es aris sul sxva
banaki, banaki mowinaaRmdegeebisa, es aris partiuli konferencia da
gana SeiZleba Cven mier gagzavnilma kacma, romelic valdebulia Cveni
sisxli da misi wona waiRos, aawoninos da amis mixedviT, gamoglijos,
ese vTqvaT Cveni damoukidebloba, miatovos Tavis pozicia da gada­
vides mowinaaRmdege banakSi. iq laparaks da socializmis aRiarebas
ra mniSvneloba aqvs. es aris Tavisufali reklama partiisa da aravi­
Tari politikuri mniSvneloba ara aqvs. bernis yriloba aris social­
isturi yriloba; socializms araviTari saxelmwifoebrivi organi­
zacia ara aqvs. Tqven kargaT iciT ra Zalas warmoadgens es socializmi
safrangeTSi, inglisSi Tu gind Crdilo-amerikaSi. araviTar Zalas ar
warmoadgens, umciresoba aris. (xmauroba) CvenTvis SeuZlebelia Cve­
ni eris momavali davamyaroT fantaziaze, im imedze, rom iq moxdeba
revoliucia, daingreva kapitalizmi da amiT raRaca Cven Segvemateba.
es pirdapir bavSvuri ocnebaa. Tu gind revoliucia moxdes iq, Cven
ras miviRebT da ras movipovebT? iqauri wes-wyobileba ase advilad
ar daingreva. Tqven gexsomebaT komuna 1871 w. parizSi. maSin safran­
geTi damarcxebuli iyo, rogorc ruseTi aris exla, _ riT gaTavda
iqauri komuna? sworeT xalxma safrangeTisam, sworeT demokratiam
gamoiCina imdeni Zala da Segneba, rom 32.000 komunari daxvrita, da ar
daunanebia, rom dangreuli saxelmwifo (xmauroba) exlac garwmunebT,
inglisi iqneba Tu safrangeTi, is kidev daxvritavs 32 aTass kacs, ma­
gram revoliucias ar moaxdens. iq ufro ganviTarebuli xalxi aris da
iseTi didi gonebis pirebi, rogorc aris loid-jorji: is win da win
axdens demokratiul reformebs, droze akmayofileben xalxis survi­
ls da imitom iq araviTari revoliucia ar moxdeba.
gana Cven patara xalxs SegviZlian Cveni momavali am fantaziaze
davamyaroT? Tqven TiTon ar emyarebiT am fantazias, Tu am fantazi­
as emyarebodiT, ratom gagzavneT delegacia konferenciaze. aSkaraa
maS, es konferencia warmoadgens iseT Zalas, romelsac angariSi unda
gauwioT, romelzedac unda daveyrdnoT ase Tu ise. me imas ki ar
mogaxsenebT usaTovod miviRoT is, rasac loid-jorji da klemanso

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gvetyvian. Cven vicavT Cven damoukideblobas, movkvdebiT umal, vidre
am damoukideblobas, am pozicias davTmobT, magram imave dros swori
politika, swore alRo unda aviRoT da ise vawarmovoT Cveni politi­
ka. (xmauroba).
(Tavmjdomare. umorCilesad gTxovT daicvaT siCume).
me gegeWkorma samasxaroT amigdo _ „demokratizmi ar esmiso“. es
ese ar aris. is azrebi, romelsac qadagoben erovnul-demokratebi Tan
da Tan xorcieldebian. Tqven ara erTxel migitovebiaT Tqveni pozi­
cia da Tan da Tan gadmodixarT im poziciaze, romelzedac Cven vd­
gevarT. guSindlamdis ar gindodaT laparaki aderbeijanTan, magram
guSin ki sul sxva moxda. adre gelaparakebodiT, rom SeTanxmeba aris
saWiro aderbeijanTan, da Tqven ki ambobdiT, rogor SeiZleba, es be­
gebis qveyana ariso! (xmauroba). (xma: es udroo laparakia!) rodisme
unda vsTqva Tu ara exlandel politikaze? Cven isedac gamouSviT bev­
ri momentebi, yvelafers Tavis dro aqvs da Tavis momenti, exla Sei­
Zleba, veraferic moaxerxoT imitom, rom bevri momenti gamouSviT. me
mogaxsenebT, rom Cveni saerTaSoriso politikis, ise rogorc Sinauri
politika gamosasworebelia, gamosworeba aris saWiro imisTvis, rom
marTla uzrunveleyoT Cveni damoukidebloba.

sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni gegeWkoris sityva.

me sityva aviRe imisTvis, rom ganvacxado kategoriulad: is, rac

momawera moqalaqe gvazavam arsad Cem mier arasodes ar Tqmula. (gva­
zava: es marTalia!) rodesac Tqven laparakobT _ yovelive sityvis gamo
pasuxs agebT. isic iciT, rom yvela is azri, romelsac Tqven mTavrobis
wevrs awerT, iqneba ganzomili, erTnairad dafasebuli da me mgonia,
yovel amas angariSi unda gauwioT da ise ilaparakoT (xmebi: marTa­
lia!) yovel SemTxvevaSi Tqven sityvaSi araviTari eWvi, araviTari
gaugebroba ar unda arsebobdes. ase unda warmoTqvaT aqedan sityva.
exla arsebiTad unda mogaxsenoT. radganac, marTlac, amazed mid­
ga sakiTxi Tu visi politika ukeTesia, _ Cveni Tu misi, me minda ram­
denime StrixebiT dagixatoT Tu ra aris baton gvazavas politika,
ra iyo igi warsulSi da rogori iyo Cveni... (gvazava: me mTavroba ara
var!) ukacravad. (Tavmjdomaris zari) moqalaqe gvazava gvirCevs, rom
Cven neitralobaze xeli aviRoT. me ganvacxade, rom saqarTvelos da­
moukideblobis gamocxadebamdis, saqarTvelos xalxs, romelic ar­
sebobda, rogorc erTeuli, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas saxelmwifoe­
brivi fizionomia ar hqonda, mas neitraloba ar gamouCenia. piriqiT
man, iciT, didi msxverpli gaiRo da ara erTi da ori aTasi saukeTeso
Tavis Svilebi Seswira im saSinel oms, romelsac ori koalicia awar­
moebda oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi. da am SemTxvevaSi, rasakvirvelia,
saqarTvelos xalxi da exla ki misi saxelmwifo moiTxovs, rom misi

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samarTliani moTxovnileba mokavSireebma daakmayofilon. am gzas
adga is da am gziT ivlis da swored amisTvis gagzavna man konferen­
ciaze Tavisi warmomadgenelni. yvelgan, sadac Cveni xma miswvdeba, es
xmamaRla gaismis da bolos da bolos is usaTuod Tavisas gaiyvans.
aseTi ar yofila politika baton gvazavasi. batoni gvazava ar
gvirCevda neitralobas germaniis koaliciis gamarjvebis dros, ma­
Sinac winaaRmdegi iyo neitralobis, mxolod am koaliciis sasarge­
blod. Cemis azriT, marTlac, rom Cven xalxs es politika aeRo Tavis
moqmedebis xazad, me varwmuneb damfuZnebel krebas... (gvazava: maSin
sxva iyo!) me vfqrob, rom saqarTvelos respublikas da mis xalxs sa­
mare gaeTxreboda (maWavariani: maSin sxva iyo da exla sxva aris!) diax,
baton maWavarianis azrs, rom gavyolodiT, romelic iseT raRacas
gvirCevda, (xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari) romelic waruSlel laqas
moscxebda Cvens demokratias da xalxs. magram sabednierod, namdvilma
gulma Cveni xalxisam, misma demokratiam, es gza ar airCia, am gziT ar
iara da dRes sdgas im poziciaze, rom mas Tavis warsulisa ar Sercx­
veba, piriqiT mas SeuZlian iamayos amiT. (gvazava: maSin xom Tqven gad­
agagdeT saministrodan!) (Tavmjdomare: batono gvazava, gTxovT adgi­
lidan nu laparakobT, nu uSliT orators, Torem iZulebuli viqnebi,
rom SeniSvna mogceT. orators: gTxovT ganagrZoT).
Tu batoni gvazava fiqrobs, rom es me raime Seuracxyofad mi­
maCnia, Zalian Semcdaria, radganac me ara erTxel da orjel Cem
warsul moRvaweobaSi mis amxanagebisagan, ara qarTvel amxanagebisa­
gan, bevri uaresi msmenia, magram amas Cemi Rirseba srulebiT ar Seu­
laxavs. me viReb Tqven mier wamosrolil sityvas: me ki ar „gamomag­
des“, _ me TiTon waveli maSin, rodesac baTomi daeca, vinaidan Cemi
politika ar iziarebda imas, rom xeli momewera im xelSekrulobaze,
romelzedac Tqven laparakobT (gvazava: demokratiaze mogaxsenebT!)
da es Cem danaSaulobad ki ara _ Cem Rirsebad mimaCnia (xmebi: marTa­
lia!) (gvazava: demokratiaze mogaxsenebT!).
meore Strixi baton gvazavasi, misi amxanagebisa da maTi poli­
tikisa, partiis politikisa _ brest-litovskis xelSekrulobaa, ro­
melzedac is exla Zlier Tamamad, rom ar vsTqva ufro mkacrad, lapa­
rakobs. gaxsovT Tqven, moqalaqeno, Tu ara, rom is gvazava, romelic
dRes am tribunidn ase laparakobs, boZze akravda mTel Cvens partias
da xalxs mxolod imisTvis, rom brest-litovskSi warmomadgenlebi ar
gavgzavneT da es umTavres danaSaulobaT miaCnda mTel Cven moRvaweo­
baSi. (moZraoba. gvazava: marTalia!) diax, ramdenic unda moisurvoT
mainc ver damalavT amas. exla me Tqven gekiTxebiT: erTic vnaxoT, avc­
denodiT, ar vityvi Wkuas, swore gzas da dagvejerebina TqvenTvis, ba­
tono gvazava, rogor fiqrobT, saqarTvelos respublika, misi xalxi,
mSromeli masa amiT moigebda? me vfiqrob, rom is waagebda da Zali­
anac waagebda. es ukve damtkicebuli faqti aris (gvazava: TqvenTvis
ki, CvenTvis ara!).

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 Semdeg, me unda mogaxsenoT mesame Strixi maTi politikisa (gva­
zava: warsulze saWiro ar aris, exlandel politikaze ilaparakeT!).
(saerTo sicili, xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari. xmebi: exlandel
politikaze ilaparakeT, warsulze mas laparaki ar surs.) (gvazava:
saWiro ar aris warsulze laparaki) exlandel politikaze mogaxsen­
ebT. exlandeli politika Cveni aseTi gaxlavT, gaugebrobis Tavidan
asacdenaT, vinaidan Tqven, batono gvazava, didi danaSauloba Caidi­
neT Tqven xalxis winaSe, (gvazava: ara!) vinaidan Tqven SehqmeniT iseTi
STabeWdileba, TiTqos marTlac Cvens moqmedebaSi, Cvens moRvaweobaSi
iyos iseTi ram, rac aZlevdes mokavSireTa sardlobas uflebas awar­
movos is politika, romelsac igi dRes awarmoebs (moZraoba. gvazava:
me valdebuli viyavi es meTqva!) me ki vamtkiceb, rom aseTi ram Cven moR­
vaweobaSi, Cven moqmedebaSi ar aris. (gvazava: aris! xmauroba). neba mo­
meciT mogaxsenoT, rom Cven moqmedebaSi aseTi ram ar yofila. (gvazava:
es Tqveni Tavis dafaseba aris!) arc erTi iseTi faqti, arc erTi iseTi
nabiji, romelic RaRadebs, rom Cven marTlac SevcvaleT Cveni pozicia
loialobisa mokavSiresadmi. Cveni pozicia, Cveni survili aris, rom
maT mxare dauWiroT da muSaobaSi xeli SeuwyoT. gaxsovT Tu ara Cveni
programa aseTi iyo? damisaxeleT erTi faqti Cveni moqmedebisa iseTi
ram, rom am loialobas mokavSiresadmi Ralatobdnen. aseT politikas
aseT moqmedebas Tqven ver daasaxelebT. piriqiT Tu rameSi damnaSave
aris Cveni mTavroba, me Tamamad SemiZlian vsTqva, imaSi, rom xSirad
daTmobis politikas awarmoebda, iq sadac SesaZloa, rom es politika
uaryofili iqnas. sad aris es Ralati am neitralobisa, keTil-ganwyo­
bilebisa, keTil sindisierebisa, patiosnobisa, (gvazava: vin ambobs
amas?) Tu amas ar ambobT, maS raSi CavidineT Cven danaSauloba, ra mov­
imoqmedeT Cven mokavSireTa winaSe, rac aZlevdaT maT uflebas: erTis
mxriT _ mTel saqarTvelos blokadis sartyeli Semoartyas da meore
mxriv _ baTumSi iseTi politika awarmovos, romelsac igi awarmoebs.
(gvazava: ver ipovneT erTi ena!) me ar vici remdenaT SesZlebda batoni
gvazava, romelsac ar unda Tavis warsulze laparaki, ramdenad SesZ­
lebda batoni gvazava saerTo enis gamoZebnas (xmauroba. zari).
Tqven laparakobT saerTo enaze, iciT Tu ara, rom Tqveni wy­
alobiT, mTeli energia Cveni mTavrobisa saerTaSoriso politikis
sferoSi, umTavresad daxarja imisTvis, rom SebrZoleboda erT saSi­
nel insinuacias. gaxsovT, rodesac mtruli ganwyobilebis presa _
evropiuli swerda, rom TiTon saqarTvelom 1914 w. Sehkra kavSiri
osmaleTTan (gvazava: mere ra!) _ ai, sworeT amas SevalieT mTeli Cve­
ni energia, da iciT Tu ara Tqven, saidan warmodgeba es? swored im
wreebidan, romelsac Tqven ekuTvniT (xmauroba.) (xma: eg tyuili aris!)
Tavmjdomaris zari. (gvazava: es jgufi CamoSorebulia) (xma: es xuTi
kaci! zari) exla, rasakvirvelia, CamoSorebulia... (xmauroba). (Tavmj­
domare: gTxovT, batono gvazava, adgilidan nu laparakobT. gvazava:
marto me xom ar vlaparakob yvelani laparakoben!).

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 me minda ganvacxado, rom personalurad arc baton gvazavas, arc
mis amxanagebs, romlebic aq sxedan, me ar vexebi sruliad, mxolod min­
da vaRiaro is, rac ukve aRiarebulia, damtkicebulia, rom es jgufi,
romelic am SemTxvevaSi aseT upasuxismgeblo xuTi kacisagan Sesdge­
boda, muSaobda da moqmedobda, am jgufma didi ziani moutana mTel
Cven politikas da mdgomareobas. me kide mets vityvi. iciT Tu ara
exla evropaSi vis vebrZviT Cven? „kldis“ werils, sadac am xuTi kacis
nawarmoebi iyo gamoqveynebuli. iciT Tu ara erT gavlenian inglisis
gazeTSi yovel dRe meordeba amonaweri am gazeTisa (xmauroba) „klde»
ki erTi frTa aris Tqveni partiisa (gvazava: bolSevikebi ki Tqveni
frTa aris). erTi mibrZaneT guldamSvidebiT, auRelvebiT, miudgome­
laT _ Tqven gzas, rom avyolodiT, rom gagveziarebina Tqveni poli­
tika, Tqveni meTodi moqmedebisa, Sinaarsi am moRvaweobisa, miTxariT
Tqven, SegveZlo Tu ara dRes Tamamad Tvali TvalSi Segvexeda imaTT­
vis, vinc dRes-dReobiT, Cven da saubedurod, Cvens winaSe moqmedobs.
dRes Cveni pozicia naTeli da aSkara aris. Cven parizis konferencias,
ar vici vis ebrZvis batoni gvazava, abuCad ki ar vigdebT, piriqiT
Cven vamtkicebT, rom parizis konferenciam unda daadasturos Cveni
istoriuli samarTliani moTxovnileba, Tu ki is sdgas im principze,
romelsac Tqven kiTxulobT vilsonis deklaraciaSi, es aris... (xmau­
roba Tavmjdomaris zari) diax, da am mxriv Cven vmuSaobT. marTalia
dRes-dReobiT es sakiTxi ar aris dasmuli, magram nu Tu batoni gva­
zava imdenad aris gamsWvaluli siZulviliT Cvendami, rom rodesac
kidev germaniasTan zavi ar aris Sekruli, arc erTi eris ufleba jer
cnobili ar aris _ am dros mogvTxovos iseTi eris, rogorc aris Cveni
patara eri, rodesac omis qarcecxli ar aris Camqrali, rodesac ev­
ropis saerTo cxovrebis zRvis talRebi boboqroben, _ nu Tu am dros
Cveni patara respublikis mTavrobas davdebT brals imaSi, rom Cveni
kiTxva iq jer-jerobiT ar aris gadawyvetili sabolood? rasakvir­
velia, amaSi Cven brals aravin dagvdebs, magram Cveni delegacia, Cven
amis sabuTi gvaqvs, amis sabuTi aqvs baton gvazavas, muSaobs, sazoga­
doebriv azrs am SemTxvevaSi amuSavebs, da Cven Tamamad SegviZlian
vTqvaT, iq keTdeba is, rac unda keTdebodes.
rac Seexeba bernis konferencias da amsterdamis konferenciaze
wereTlis daaswrebas, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ra mohyva SedegaT mis das­
wrebas? wereTeli gamodioda damcvelad Cveni damoukideblobisa
konferenciaze, mas miaRebina konferencias aseTi rezoliucia, ber­
nis konferenciazedac igive moxda. es danaSaulobaa moqalaqeno? me
mgoni, rom es aris didi samsaxuri Cven damoukideblobisadmi (xmebi:
marTalia!) (gvazava: vis miaRebina?) vis miaRebina? diax, rasakvirve­
lia, baton gvazavas amsterdamis konferencia, sadac monawileobas
Rebulobda, sxvaTa Soris, vandervelde, es belgiis premier-ministri,
gendersoni, _ lloid jorjis kabineTis wevri, albert-toma, es erTi
gamoCenili moRvawe... (gvazava yofili ministri) diax, yofili minis­

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tri, magram me mirCevnian viyo yofil kabineTis, wevri _ albert-toma,
vidre awmyo sxva vinme (xmebi: vidre gvazava. sicili. zari) moqalaqe
diax, moqalaqe gvazava, _ yofil kabineTis wevri, magram albert-toma
albert-tomaT darCa. Joresi arasodes ar yofila kabineTis wevri, ma­
gram Joresis Rirseba, misi gavlena da avtoriteti, me ar mgonia, rom
TviT gvazavas, miuxedavaT imisa, rom is socialisti iyo, eWvs qveSa
hqondes (gvazava: es ar aris pasuxi!) diax, pasuxi gaxlavT: Tu ki ase­
Ti pirni da mTeli amsterdamis konferencia, mTeli internacionali
icnobs Cven damoukideblobas, am SemTxvevaSi is Cven mxars dagviWers,
da me mgoni, sruliad samarTlian saqmisTvis brZolas uzrunvel­hyobs,
e. i. Cvens mdgomareobas. exla Tqven ki ara, me vici umravlesoba, rom
aris, ra mimarTulebisa aris qarTveli xalxi da vlaparakob. mas Sem­
deg roca aseTi wylis gayofa daaCnda Tavidanve Cven politikas da
gvazavas politikas Soris, qarTvelma xalxma erTxel kidev unda
sTqvas visi politika sjobian, Cveni, Tu maTi. me darwmunebuli var,
Tu qarTveli demokratia darCa im niadagze, romelzedac dRemdis
idga, im erTad erT demokratiul niadagze, me mgoni es yovelTvis Cven
gzas airCevs (xangrZlivi taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. moqalaqeno! me sruliad ar movelodi, rom is SekiT­
xva, romelic soc.-feder. fraqciam Semoitana, gamoiwvevda aseTi xa­
siaTis kamaTs, magram, rogorc sCans da es b. gvazavam tribunidanac
ganacxada, Tu vismes odesme rame saTqmeli hqonda da rac am SekiTxvis
ganxilvis dros ar unda Tqmuliyo, es yvelaferi mainc iTqva. didi xani
ar aris mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam erTxmaT
gadaswyvita sastiki brZola awarmovos moxaliseTa jaris winaaRmdeg
da daicvas saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da misi sazRvrebi. maSin
damfuZnebelma krebam Sesaferi rezoliucia gamoitana da mTavrobas
daavala yoveli zomis miReba, romelic saWiro iqneboda damfuZnebel
krebis dadgenilebis sisruleSi mosayvanaT. mas Semdeg iseTi araferi
momxdara, _ rac CvenTvis moulodneli yofiliyo da rac mTavrobisgan
gansakuTrebul zomebis miRebas moiTxovdes. Tu mTavroba damfuZne­
bel krebis dadgenilebis TanaxmaT respublikis sazRvrebis dasaca­
vaT Sesafer zomebs ar iRebs da romelime fraqciam icis rame amis
Sesaxeb, SekiTxvis Semotana, rasakvirelia, aucilebelia, magram, Tu
aseTi masala soc. fed. fraqciis gankargulebaSi ar moipoveba, maSin
sruliad zedmetia SekiTxvis Semotana imis Sesaxeb, razedac ukve
iyo laparaki damfuZnebel krebaSi erTi-ori kviris wineT. b. simon
mdivnis mier am SekiTxvis dasabuTebidan gamoirkva, rom federal­
istebis fraqcias Turme surda baTumis sakiTxi daesva damfuZnebel
krebaSi da daemtkicebia, rom baTumi da mTeli baTumis olqi aris
ganuyreli nawili saqarTvelosi da unda darCes saqarTvelos far­
glebSi, radganac baTumis olqi dasaxlebulia mahmadian qarTvelebiT
da radganac baTomis olqSi blomaT daRvrilia qarTvelebis sisxli.

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es yvelaferi marTalia, magram amas araviTari loRikuri kavSiri ara
aqvs im SekiTxvasTan, romelic soc.-feder. fraqciam Semoitana. Tu
federalistebis fraqcias baTumis olqis momaval bedis sakiTxze sur­
da laparaki, Sesaferi SekiTxva unda Semoetana. am SekiTxvis deda-az­
ri ki sul sxva aris: aq federalistebi mTavrobas ekiTxebian, Tu ra
(zomebs Rebulobs is sazRvrebis dasacavad, radganac baTumSi gamoCe­
nilia viRac generali „naTiSvili“, romelic korpus adgens denikinis
dasaxmareblad. Cven viciT, rom erT dros „naTiSvilebi“ saqarTvelos
deda-qalaqSic adgenden samxedro razmebs -denikinis dasaxmareblad,
magram federalistebs maSin amis Sesaxeb araviTari SekiTxva ar Se­
moutaniaT saqarTvelos parlamentSi. denikini da misi reaqcionuri
jari mudam safrTxes warmoadgenda CvenTvis da yoveli daxmareba, ro­
melsac wineT mas uCenden Cven teritoriaze sxva da sxva saxiT sxva da
sxva pirebi, iyo mimarTuli Cven damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg. magram
amas Cven maSin advilaT vinelebdiT, radgan Cven mmarTvel wreebs,
politikur sibecis gamo, ver hqondaT kargaT Segnebuli, rom rusis
reaqcionuri generlebi aleqseev–denikinebi, Tu isini ruseTSi fexs
moikidebden, revoliuciis yovel monapovars yofil ruseTis teri­
toriaze gaauqmebden da saqarTvelos damoukideblobasac mospobiT
daemuqreboden. es exla Cvenma mmarTvelma wreebmac Seignes, marTalia
cotaTi dagvianebiT, magram mainc Seignes (xmauroba) da denikinis wi­
naaRmdeg sastiki zomebis miRebasac dagvpirden. (xma: Tqveni lebedevi,
ratom aris denikinTan?) marTalia simon mdivanma lebedevic axsena
Tavis sityvaSi da is socialist-revoliucionerTa partiis _ ami­
er-kavkasiis organizaciaTa ukidures memarcxene frTis warmomadgen­
laTac monaTla, magram me es ar makvirebs, radganac im partiis wevrs,
romelic Tavis „socialistur“ gazeTSi nikolozis suraTs aTavseb­
da, lebedevebi, marTlac, ukidures memarcxeneT moeCveneba. magram me
kategoriulaT vacxadeb, rom lebedevi amierkavkasiis organizacia­
Si mudam ukidures memarjveneT iTvleboda, mas partiaSi gavlena ar
hqonda da arc pativiscema hqonda damsaxurebuli partiul amxanageb­
Si. piriqiT misi partiidan gandevnis sakiTxi ara erTxel dasmula
partiul wreebSi. ase iyo wineT, mas Semdeg-ki, rac Cven saqarTvelos
soc.-revoliucionerTa partia davaarseT, mas Cvens partiasTan aravi­
Tari damokidebuleba ar hqonia.
moqalaqeno! ruseTis xalxi an da ruseTi, rogorc saxelmwifo,
ar ebrZvis arc saqarTvelos, arc aderbeijans da arc amier-kavkasias
saerTod. saqarTvelos ebrZvian mxolod denikinis bandebi. denikini
ar aris romelime saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli. is aris mxolod ruse­
Tis SavrazmelTa SemaerTebeli da xelmZRvaneli, misi survilia mTeli
ruseTis xalxs ZaliT moaxvios Tavs Zveli reJimis wesebi. ase, rom deni­
kini da saerTod moxaliseTa jari ruseTis reaqciis gansaxierebaa. is
ruseTis yovel kuTxeSi ebrZvis revoliucias da xalxis Tavisuflebas.
Cven viciT, rom reaqcia ise, rogorc revoliucia internacionaluria

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da amitom denikinis e. i. Zveli TviTmpyrobeluri weswyobilebis momx­
re CvenSiac bevri moiZebneba amitom gasakviri ar aris, rom qarTveli
Savrazmeli generali naTiSvili saqarTveloSic eZebs denikinis momx­
reebs da mis dasaxmareblad amier-kavkasiis reaqcionerTa korpusis
Sedgenasac apirebs. es sruliad bunebrivia da gasakvirveli is iqne­
boda, rom es ase ar momxdariyo da naTiSvilebi amier-kavkasiis far­
glebSi ar gamoCeniliyvnen. federalistebi ekiTxebian mTavrobas, icis
Tu ara man general naTiSvilis zraxvebi da Tu icis, ra zomebs Rebu­
lobs saqarTvelos sazRvrebis dasacavad? me gipasuxebT, rom es yve­
laferi windawin unda codnoda mTavrobas da amitomac iyo, rom ori
kviris wineT damfuZnebelma krebam daakisra mas sazRvrebis dasacavad
zomebis miReba da ra zomebia konkretiulad ukve miRebyeli an da ra
zomebis miRebas apirebs mTavroba, amis Sesaxeb Tqven verafers ver ge­
tyvian am tribunidan, radganac es jer-jerobiT erTgvar samxedro
saidumloebas Seadgens. federalistebs agreTve ainteresebs, Tu ra
zomebs Rebulobs mTavroba, rom baTumi ar gadaiqces bazad denikinis
jarisaTvis saqarTvelosaken gamosalaSqreblad. Cven kargad unda vi­
codeT, sanam baTumSi inglisis jaria, sanam baTumis olqis mkvidrT ar
eqnebaT saSualeba Tavisuflad gamosTqvan Tavisi survili, Tu vis emx­
robian igini, baTumi, SesaZlebelia, yovelTvis gaxdes denikinis jari­
saTvis bazad, radganac inglisis sardloba amier-kavkasiaSi mas uwevs
aSkara daxmarebas. es rom ise ar yofiliyo, mTielTa respublika dRes
denikinis xelSi ar iqneboda. agreTve Cven kargaT viciT, rom deniki­
nis da saerTod moxaliseTa jaris gaCena-arsebobaSi dainteresebuli
iyven ucxo saxelmwifoTa reaqcionuri Zalebi da am ukanasknelT, rom
didi nivTieri daxmareba ar amoeCinaT denikinisTvis, moxaliseTa jari
erT Tvesac ver iarsebebda ruseTSi.
ukeTu Cven yvela amas gaviTvaliswinebT da xalxs simarTles ar dau­
kargavT, gulwrfelad unda ganvacxadoT is, rasac vxedavT, vgrZnobT
da rac sinamdvile-WeSmaritebas Seadgens. Cven unda SevatyobinoT
Cven amomrCevelT, rom inglisis sardloba amier-kavkasiaSi exmareba
moxaliseTa jars da amitom Cven yovelTvis mzaT unda viyoT davicvaT
saqarTvelos sazRvrebi im SemTxvevaSic, Tu baTumi gadaiqca bazad de­
nikinis jarisaTvis. ase gvesmoda Cven damfuZnebel krebis mier erTx­
mad gamotanili dadgenileba denikinis winaaRmdeg omis warmoebis Ses­
axeb. damfuZnebel krebisTvis maSin aSkara iyo is SesaZlebloba, rom
baTumi denikinis jarisTvis bazad gadaiqceoda da amitom CvenTvis
cxadze-ucxadesi iyo is, rom Savi safrTxis asacdenad, zomebis miRebis
dros mTavrobis udides yuradRebas miipyrobda swored baTumis olqi
da baTumis momavali fronti. ase, rom mTavrobas ukve unda hqondes
miRebuli yoveli zoma, baTumis mxridan, mtris Semotevis asacdenad da
mtris dasamarcxeblad, Tu es Semoteva moxda. Cveni mdgomareoba metad
rTuli da seriozulia. saqarTvelom, SesaZlebelia, ver SesZlos deni­
kinis damarcxeba, Tu denikins momavalSic realuri daxmareba gauwia

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da mxari daumSvena inglisis sardlobam, magram is mainc unda gaigos
mTelma qveynierebam, rom saqarTvelos hqonda Tavis damoukideblo­
bis SenarCunebis survili da is amisTvis kidevac ibrZoda. inglisis
farTo masam ar icis, Tu rogori politikas awarmoeben saqarTveloSi
inglisis generlebi, Torem yovlad SeuZlebelia, rom man ar dagmos
inglisis sardlobis politika CvenSi. warmoudgenelia, rom inglisis
demokratiam saqarTveloSi Tavisuflebis ganmtkicebas reaqciis gaba­
toneba amjobinos. me mwams, rom TavisuflebisaTvis da damoukideblo­
bisaTvis brZolaSi _ CvenTan erTad iqneba yvela qveynis demokratia,
mxolod saWiroa mas miswvdes uSuamavloT Cveni xma, da amitom Cveni
delegaciis moRvaweoba evropaSi, romliTac ar aris kmayofili b.
gvazava, CvenTvis savsebiT misaRebia. Cveni Tavisuflebis gulwrfel
momxreT evropaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod saerTaSoriso mSrome­
li demokratia da, Tu Cvenma delegatebma miiRes monawileoba amster­
damis socialistur konferenciis muSaobaSi da am konferenciis mTel
Semadgenlobas erTxmad acnobes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, imaT
Cvenis azriT dakisrebuli movaleoba pirnaTlad Seasrules.
rogorc mogexsenebaT socialistebi icaven mSromelTa inter­
esebs, e. i. yovel saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa didi umravlesobis inter­
esebs da, Tu amsterdamis saerTaSoriso socialisturma kongres­
ma icno Cveni damoukidebloba, es imis momaswavebelia, rom evropis
saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeTa didi umravlesobac icnobs saqarTvelos
damoukideblobas. parizis konferencia iZulebuli Seiqmneba didi
angariSi gauwios amsterdamis kongresis dadgenilebas saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis cnobis sakiTxSi. amsterdamis konferenciis dadge­
nilebis Semdeg Cven SegviZlian ufro gabedulaT movTxovoT parizis
konferencias, rom man icnos saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. da ukeTu
evropis imperialistur mmarTvel wreebma parizSi ar icnes Cveni da­
moukidebloba, maSin Cven mogvixdeba sxvagvari brZolis dawyeba da
am brZolaSi Cveni erTguli da Zlieri mokavSire da megobari iqneba
saerTaSoriso mSromeli demokratia, romlis interesebs icaven mx­
olod socialistebi da romlis momaval gamarjvebis gegmebs imuSave­
ben socialistur kongresebze.
Cemi sityvis dasasrul me unda ganvacxado is, rac mogaxseneT
wineT, roca denikinis safrTxis sakiTxs vixilavdiT, _ is, rom Cven
unda movemzadoT da yovelgvari zoma miviRoT, raTa yovel momaval
dabrkolebas SevebrZoloT. Cven yvelafers unda movelodeT: SesaZle­
belia yovel mxridan fronti gveqnes, magram Cven mainc gavimarjvebT,
Tu Cvens mxareze iqneba saerTaSoriso mSromeli demokratia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTnis krebis wevrs ioseb maWavarians.
ioseb maWavariani. damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! Cven iseT safrTx­
is winaSe vdgevarT, rom mTelma erma unda moikrifos mTeli Tavisi
energia, dasWimos mTeli Tavisi ZarRvebi, moaxdinos mobilizacia
mTel Tavis sulier, qonebriv da gonebrivi Zalebisa da amrigad da­

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razmuli Tavisuflebis da erovnul Rirsebis dasacavad mTavrobas
mxarSi unda amoudges. aseT momentSi civ gonebas da anTebul pa­
triotizmiT gamowveul entuziazms unda hqondes adgili. zedmeti
aRelveba mxolod Crdils ayenebs gonebas da damarcxebis ufskru­
lisken izidavs mebrZols. da arc saWiro iyo dRes aq iseTi aRevleba,
romlis mowmenic Cven gavxdiT. metad vwuxvar, rom am didmniSvnelo­
vanma sakiTxma da mTavrobis politikis kritikam aseTi partiuli
uadgilo kinklaoba gamoiwvia. axla dro ar aris partiul angariSe­
bisa. me ar gamovidodi dRes (xma: gvazava, rom ar gamosuliyo!), rom
mTavrobis warmomadgenels ar eneba da Tavis sityvaSi esoden usa­
fuZlod orjel ar momwvdenoda piradaT me. me xom arc gamilaSqria
arc mTavrobis, arc romelime partiis winaaRmdeg? mxolod Tu Cemma
replikam ase aamxedra mTavrobis warmomadgeneli Cem winaaRmdeg, Tu
zevsi esoden javrobs, sCans is mtyuania, yovel SemTxvevaSi parnasze
yvelaferi ise ar aris, rogorc unda iyos. ra vsTqvi bolos da bo­
los Cems replikaSi? vsTqvi, baTomis dakargvisaTvis bevrs unda ego
pasuxi aqamdis da bevria gasareki. gabaSvili iqneboda es, Tu „SvidTa
sabWo“, mdivani Tu mTavroba, sul erTia: damnaSaves sastiki pasuxi
unda ego da damnaSaveni, rom varT baTomis dakargvaSi, es cxadaT
sCans TviT Cxenkelis moxsenebidan, romelic man warudgina erovnul
sabWos trapizonidan dabrunebisTanave. Cxenkelma sTqva maSin: „Cven,
rom damoukidebloba droze gamogvecxadebina WkuiT, rom vyofili­
yaviT, imdeni, rom gvemuSava saqarTvelosaTvis, ramdenic somxebi­
saTvis, baToms ar davkargavdiTo“. es Cxenkelis sityvebia. viRacam,
b-no sagareo saqmeTa ministro, unda agos pasuxi am dakargvisaTvis
eris winaSe? miudgomeli istoria gagvasamarTlebs da gamoutans
damnaSaves Tavis msjavrs. exla ki ar aris dro, rom amaze meti vi­
laparakoT da angariSebi movsTxovoT erTmaneTs. rac Seexeba b-n ge­
geWkoris gancxadebas, rom maWavarianma iseTi ram gvirCia, yvelaferi
dagveRupeboda imisTvis rom dagejerebinao. unda mogaxsenoT, maWa­
varianisTvis, rom dagejerebinaT, Cxenkelis sityvis ar iyos, baToms
ar davkargavdiT. es meored mesmis sagareo saqmeTa ministrisagan,
maWavarianma raRaca sTqvao. ra? ar viciT, razed laparakobs b-ni
ministri, xolo kategoriulad vacxadeb, rom me arc arasodes miTq­
vams, arc damiweria araferi iseTi, rac Cvens ers ar gamoadgeboda.
Tu b-ni gegeWkori gulisxmobs im jgufs, romelic muSaob­
da viTomda stambolSi (xma: viTomdac?), me unda ganvacxado, rom
amis Sesaxeb Cvenma partiam imdeni icis, ramdenic Tqven. b-n gvazavas
gancxadeba adgilidan es jgufi CamogvSordao, stambolis jgufs
ar gulisxmobda. es iqneboda Secdoma da simarTlis damaxinjeba. im
jgufs, romelic moqmedebda, stambolSi srulebiT araviTari kavSi­
ri Cven partiasTan arasodes ar hqonia. erovnul-demokratiul par­
tias CamoSorda mxolod is jgufi, „kldis» saxeliT, rom moinaTla.
am „kldem» mxolod Semdeg SeiTvisa erTi warmomadgeneli stambolis

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jgufis da dawera ucnauri werili. magram es frTa, garwmunebT, im­
denad Sors aris CvenTan, ramdenaTac leninia Tqvenze daSorebuli.
es kargad icis gareSe saqmeTa ministrma, magram mTavrobis warmomad­
geneli mainc cdilobs, rom mogvaxvios Cven Tavs iseTi politika, ro­
melic daRupavda qarTvel ers, es tyuili cda aris. b-ni gegeWkori am
bolo dros xSirad laparakobs brestze. is ki aviwydeba, Tu brest­
Si monawileobas iRebda an poloneTi, an finliandia, amiT arc erTs
maTgans araferi daSavebia. brestis zavSi monawileobis miRebisTvis
verc amerika, verc inglisi Tavisuflebas ver moaklebs verc polo­
neTs, verc finliandias. b. Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs es unda esmodes,
magram Tqven gsurT Tavic gaimarTloT da Tqveni mopirdapire parti­
ac viRacis TvalSi daamciroT. magram amaod. simarTle mainc Tavisas
RaRadebs, im momentSi, rodesac Zlevamosili germania Semodioda am­
ier-kavkasiaSi, qarTvel erisTvis ar arsebobda araviTari sxva gza.
osmaleTi gviqadda walekvas. da im partiis politika, romelmac moiy­
vana fon- kresi da germaniis jari gamoiyena farad saqarTvelosaTvis
osmaleTis winaaRmdeg, mxolod madlobis Rirsi unda iyos, vinaidan
imiT gadavarCineT qarTveli eri osmalebTa warRvnisa da ganadgure­
bisagan. inglisis xmali maSin Sors iyo, germanelebis foladi aq. da
gana ufleba aqvs an ingliss, an amerikas an safrangeTs usayveduros
qarTvel ers imisTvis, rom man miiRo saWiro zomebi Tavis fizikur
arsebobis dasacavad? rasakvirvelia ara.
eris sicocxlis warTmevis ufleba aravis aqvs, da Cven unda migve­
Ro sworeT is zomebi, romelTa saSualebiT gadavarCendiT Cvens qvey­
anas aklebisagan da movawesrigebdiT Cvens saxelmwifoebriv cxovre­
bas. rac Seexeba imas, Tu romel partiis politika ufro gamodga, unda
mogaxsenoT, rom social-demokratia xSirad moqmedobs Cveni pro­
gramis mixedviT, da, Tu rame kargi keTdeba, keTdeba maSin, rodesac
mesveuri partia midis im gziT, romelic Cven adre gviCvenebia. aqedan
cxadia, visi politikaa saRi da swori. Cveni Secdomebis CamoTvlas
me dRes ar Seudgebi, magram ar SemiZlia dRevandel dRes ar gavixse­
no erTi momenti parlamentis cxovrebidan. im dros, rodesac aqedan
laparakobda daSnakelis warmomadgeneli, zoriani Tu daviTxanian­
ci, kargad ar maxsovs: „rodesac denikini saqarTvelos winaaRndeg
gamoilaSqrebs, Cven somxebi Cveni mkerdiT davicavT saqarTvelos de­
nikinisaganao, da Tqven ki erovnul-demokratebi denikins mxars dau­
WerTo“. rodesac man es cinikuri ciliswameba gvesrola Cven am tri­
bunidan, Tqven da mTavrobam, Tanxmobis niSnad, mxurvale taSis-cemiT
daajildoveT es somexi oratori. Tqven gjerodaT misi. Tqven im ta­
SiT gindodaT xalxi dagerwmunebinaT, rom Cven erovnul-demokratebi
samSoblos vuRalatebdiT, somxebi ki saqarTvelos daicavdnen deni­
kinisagan Tavis daSnakuri mkerdiT. es iyo da aseTia Tqveni politika.
didi angariSebi gvaqvs erTmaneTTan, magram exla dro ar aris. dRes
me moviTxov, rom damfuZnebeli kreba Sexvdes aRZrul sakiTxs ise, ro­

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gorc Seefereba krebis udidebulesobas da rogorc moiTxovs amas
saxelmwifos saWiroeba, damSvidebiT. auRelveblad unda miviRoT
Tavdacvis Cakiruli zomebi. SeerTebuli ZalebiT unda davxvdeT saqa­
rTveloze moseul mters da gavsceT iseTi pasuxi, rogorsac moiTx­
ovs saqarTvelos eris sasicocxlo interesi. saWiroa, rom gaigon
Cvenma Sinaurma da gareSe mtrebma, rom qarTveli eri gaerTianebulia
Tavis masaSi, rogorc erTi kaci. is dgas Tavis mTavrobis gverdSi da
Tavisuflebidan erTi iotis odena manZilsac cocxali ar dauTmobs
araviTar Zalas, ra saxiTac ar unda mogvevlinos igi, – saqarTvelo
ver dauTmobs veravis Tavis samahmadiano nawils. baTomSi, soWis da
sxva frontebze Cven unda aRvkveToT mterTa boroti ganzraxvani da
SevaCeroT maTi moqmedeba. Semoxiznul mtrebisagan unda gavswmindoT
dauyovnebliv saqarTvelo da upirvles yovlisa Cveni deda qalaqi. am
diad saqmeSi, b-no mTavrobis warmomadgenelo, mTeli qarTveli eri,
gasalkdevebuli da erTi miswrafebiT SeduRebuli TqvenTan iqneba.
ara erTxel dagvimtkicebia da dagimtkicebT kidevac, rom arasodes
ar vcdebodiT Cvens politikaSi, da Tu Tqven gawevT kiserze esa Tu is
Secdomani, es mxolod Tqveni politikis bralia da ara Cveni, partiis
politikisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs vlasa mgelaZes
vlasa mgelaZe. (s.-d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, moqalaqeno!
marTla, rom sasiamovno iyo dRes pirveli SekiTxva, romelic Cven mo­
vismineT. aq gviTxres, rom dadga dro, an da iZulebuli varT, rom mi­
vmarToT daviwyebul moZmeebs, gadavxedoT im alagebs, romelic akvani
iyo Cveni kulturisa, Cveni Tavisuflebisa da warsulisa.
aseT diad momentis dros, rogorc ukanasknelma, Cven win molapa­
rake, oratorma sTqva, ar unda hqoneboda adgili CvenSi, sadavo saq­
meebs da angariSebis gasworebas. diax! mec egre megona, magram ukacra­
vaT, swored aqedan iyo nasroli sityvebi, romelTac ar movelodi.
Cven suliT da guliT, piradad me, suliT da guliT viziareb mTavro­
bis mier aq gancxadebul azrs, rom gadadgmul iqneba dadebiTi nabiji
am SemTxvevaSi, radganac SeiZleba ar gasWras diplomatiurma molapa­
rakebam.
me mwams mTeli saqarTvelos xalxi, rogorc erTi kaci SeerTebu­
li iqneba am kiTxvaSi, Tu marTla aq gulwrfelad iyo naTqvami, rasak­
virelia, qarTvelurad vibrZolebTo, _ ai aq maSin gamoCndeba rogor
vin ibrZolebs.
maS rogor unda SevexoT am sakiTxs? me suliT da guliT vegebe­
bi da imedi maqvs, rom mTavroba am kiTxvaSi gamova ufro sastikad da
ufro mkacrad. Tu am sakiTxSi davmarcxdiT, Cven istoriis, qveynis wi­
naSe vityviT, rom Cven vibrZodiT, da Tu sikvdili mogvelis, ra uyoT
sikvdils veravin daiWers, mis winaaRmdeg araferi SegviZlian.
me am tribunaze ar daviwyebdi laparaks, rom aqedan ar msmenoda
erTi azri. aq sTqves, rom delegaciis warmomadgenelma Tavis posti

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dastovao. rodesac postis datovebaze laparakoben, SeiZleba dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrma icodes is ambavi, rom iq konstantinopolSi,
rodesac saWiro iyo mter-moyvaris gacnoba, im momentSi rodesac in­
glisi Semovida stambolSi, rodesac daSnakcakanebis 5–6 gazeTi ga­
modioda da laparakobdnen Cvens winaaRmdeg xom ar icis iseTi gag­
zavnili kaci batonma gvazavam, romelmac iq posti datova da, sanam
inglisi Semovidoda, qud moglejili SemoiWra samSobloSi. rodesac
es delegacia, aRWurvili xalxis ndobiT, stambolSi mivida, rodesac
Cvenma delegatebma CxeiZe-wereTelma laparaki gamarTes samSobloSi
mosul ingliselebis warmomadgenlebTan, maT uTxres, Tqven lapara­
kobT damnaSaveni ar varTo, da Tu asea maSin aqedan rad garbodiTo.
SeiZleba icodes vinmem aqedan, vin iyos es?
aq amboben rom kaki wereTelma da sxva aRWurvilma samSoblos
ndobiT delegaciis warmomadgenelebma Tavisi posti datoveso da
wavidnen internacionalTanao. ai ram gamoiwvia kamaTi. aqedan es si­
tyvebi iyo wamosrolili da Cems guls moxvda, diax es sityvebi, rom ar
Tqmuliyo, aq ar unda yofiliyo dRes kamaTi am sakiTxis garSemo. 1907
w. gvqonda arCevnebi. amorCeulTa jgufSi iyo erTi ara Cveni amomrCev­
eli sasaxelo jabadari. iman ganacxada, aRniSna mTeli krebis winaSe
oficialurad, rom xmas vaZlev social-demokratiis wevrso, radganac
maT programaSi aris erTi muxli, romelSiac naTqvamia internaciona­
lio. maSin erT aq myof gvazavas hqonda bedniereba iq muSaobisa, igi
gveubneboda proletariatma bevri gaakeTao, magram parlamenti ra
imaTi saqmeao. isini unda wavidnen da ibrZolono. es sityva dabeWdil­
ia „atCotebSi“. maSin iseTi warmodgena hqonda, rom xalxi, proletar­
iati imisTvis aris gaCenili, rom ibrZolos. parlamentSi ki, rodesac
mibrZandebiT is diplomatiebisagan Sesdgeba da Tqven mogatyuilebe­
no. Cven axali xalxi gavgzavneT da vnaxavT Cven diplomatebs moatyue­
ben Tu ara. ai ase, rom uyurebT saqmes, aqedan gamodis Tqveni Secdome­
bi, Tqven gindaT Tqveni Sinaarsi CasdoT da Cven gvikarnaxebT Tqven,
da Tqven goniaT, rom Serigeba SeiZleba Seurigebelisa. amis Serigeba
batonebo ar iqneba advili. me, rom am tribunidan gavjavrdi im dRes
imitom, rom Tqven sTqviT, rom ar unda iyos internacionalis doesas­
waulio, internacionali unda moisposo. dRes gveubnebiT, rom Tqveni
deputati amsterdamSi rad mividao? aba sad mividoda Cveni deputa­
ti? aba sad mividoda kaki wereTeli?
iuristi ar gaxlavarT, magram erT magaliTs moviyvan. batone­
bo, inglisi gicnobT Tu ara, Tqven cariela satyviT, Tqveni burJua
tanisamosiT, rom mixvideT? iman kargad icis, kargad uwevs angariSs
sad xarT, vin xarT. kaki wereTlis kongreszed misvlis nayofi ukve
gaxlavT. Tqven iciT gazeTebidan da rezoliucia iyo miRebuli am­
sterdamSi. TviT vilsonis programaSi gaxlavT erTi punqti, es aris
TviTgamorkvevis principi. es principive miiRes am kongresze. pariz­
Si uweven Tu ara amas angariSs? Tqven eseni daupirdapireT erTmaneTs

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da me getyviT Tqven es ar unda geqnaT, es ar unda Tqmuliyo. imitom
iyo, rom warsul krebaze gavjavrdi, magram male davmSviddi, Tumca
kidev mindoda erTi gajavreba.
Cven mudam suliT da guliT vicavdiT saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobas. me, piradad, omis dros, rodesac me SveicariaSi viyavi da gav­
ige mixako wereTlisagan, rom 5 kaci swyvetda saqarTvelos sakiTxs da
xels awerda moTxovnilebebs, swrafad stambolSi gamoviWer, radga­
nac gvindoda es ar momxdariyo. aq, rogorc Sevitye daviT RambaSiZis­
agan, romelic exla londonSi aris, iseT kacebs moeweraT xeli, rom
maTi warmodgenac ki SeuZlebelia. rodesac Cven protests vacxadeb­
diT, rom ar SeiZleba saqarTvelos eris gulis tkivili gadawyvetili
iqnes iqidan gamosul 5-6 kacis mier _ Cven imave dros mixako wereTels
xuTjer vsTxoveT Camosuliyo magram ar Camovida.
Tqven, rogor SegiZlianT sTqvaT, rom Tqveni warmomadgeneli
darbiso. ai amitom gaugebroba iqneba mudam Cven Soris da Tqven Sua.
Cveni SeerTeba SeuZlebelia. Cven samSoblos erT Sinaars CaudebT, da
Tqven ver CudebT am Sinaars da imitom vambob: erT gziT ver vivliT,
erTad ver viqnebiT parlamentSi. me vambob rom im jgufs Caudenia
imdeni uaryofiTi faqtebi, imdeni werilebi daubeWdia, rom exla
mTeli Cveni Zala imaze aris mimarTuli, rom es informacia iqnes ga­
mosworebuli.
exla rodesac postebis datovebaze laparakobT, me gekiTxebiT,
maSin iyo Tu ara posti datovebuli, rodesac mTeli informacia Cven
samSobloze daSnakcakanebs dautoveT? informacia maT xelSi Cavar­
da da Cveni kbilebiT da frCxilebiT gasaxsneli gaxda? amitom am tri­
bunidan nu iqneba naTqvami aseTi sityvebi. ras niSnavs postis datove­
ba? dRes sxva saqme gvaqvs da maT Sua udevs didi mzRvari. rodesac
gamodixarT da postis datovebaze laparakobT, maSin es unda icodeT.
(gvazava: me posti ara mqonia!).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs mdivans.
simon mdivani. (s.-f.) me unda aRvniSno, rom ieriSebis likvida­
cia ukve daiwyo im pirisagan, romelmac pirveli ieriSi moitana es
gaxldaT batoni gvazava, romelmac mudariT sTxova baton evgeni ge­
geWkors Tavi davaneboT warsuls, warsulze nu vilaparakebTo. es
ukve iyo likvidaciis dawyeba, masi dasruleba ki maWavarianma ikisra.
amis Semdeg, me mgonia, bevri sityvis gagrZeleba aRar Rirs.
mxolod saWiroa mogaxsenoT ramdenime sabuTi im azris gansav­
iTareblad, romelic vlasa mgelaZem moiyvana. saqme imaSia, rom aq
sayveduri iyo gamoTqmuli, Sesaxeb imisa, rom delegacia, romelic
gagzavnili iyo parizSi savsebiT ar Cavida. unda ganvacxadoT, rom
imaSi brali ar udevs, arc mTavrobas, arc damfuZnebel krebas, arc
Cven xalxs. Cvenma mTavrobam, parlamentma airCia delegacia, da yove­
live mimdinareobas misca iq adgili. magram swored im demokratma,
romelsac exla batoni gvazava Tayvans scems, demokratma klemansom

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ar gauSva is nawili Cveni delegaciisa, romelic misTvis ase saWiro
aris. Cven mTavrobaze bralis dadeba, rom Cven zomebs ar vRebulobT
_ es yovlad miuRebelia da yovlad Seuwynarebelia. piriqiT yovel
dRe demokrati klemanso da sxva am gvari demokratebi gvpirdebod­
nen nikolaZes gauSvebT dRes da xval. magram dRemdis araviTari ne­
barTva ar migviRia nikolaZisTvis, nebarTva dRemdis ar migviRia,
Torem nikolaZes aq aravin ar akavebs, wava, da Tu rames gaakeTebs _
amasac vnaxavT.
rac Seexeba im nawils delegaciisas, romelic moxda parizSi, mis
moqmedebis kritikas, esec simarTles ar Seesabameba, imitom rom is
xalxi, sworeT im meTodiT muSaobs, ra meTodiTac lloid jorji. Tqven
kargad iciT, rom erT dros lloid jorji ori saaTi parizSi iyo da
danarCeni dro iyo londonSi. ra gaxldaT, batonebo, masTan Sedare­
biT miunxhauzeni. ise Cqara midi-modioda. ratom? mitom, rom lloid
jorji fiqrobda: jer-jerobiT Tu muSebTan saqme ar movarige, muSa­
Ta klasTan erTgvari zavi ar Camovagde, muSaTa klasi ar davamSvide
Cemi iq yofna yovlad SeuZlebeliao (gvazava: is Tavis muSebs...) diax!
kaki wereTelic Tavis muSebs eyrdnoba, da inglisis muSebTan aqvs kav­
Siri, belgiis muSebTan, safrangeTis muSebTan, proletariis da muSaTa
klasis sxva amgvar dawesebulebebTan (taSi) da gana batonma gvazavam ar
icis, rom TviT vilsonma bernis muSaTa konferencias mousmina, imiTi
azri miiRo saxelmZRvanelo azrad. Tqven ki exla laparakobT da uki­
JinebT swored im moqmedebas, romelic Cven delegicias Sesisxlxorce­
buli da SeTvisebuli aqvs da miaCnia, rom swored am gziT, parizis kon­
ferenciaze miiRebs damoukideblobas, romlis gulisaTvis misi xalxi
ibrZvis. Tqven Tu amas danaSaulaT CauTvliT, es yovlad Seuwynarebe­
lia da Seuwynarebelia gansakuTrebiT dRes.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom me, sruliad warmodgenili ar mqonda, Tu
aseT gamosvlas eqneboda adgili. maSin, rodesac baTumis sakiTx­
ma yvela Cvengani unda SegvaerTos, yvela Cvengani erTnairad unda
gvaazrovnos, imisda miuxedavad, romel banaks vekuTvniT: klemansos,
alber-tomas, van-der-veldes Tu lloid jorjis demokratias, miT
umetes, rom, bolos da bolos, Tqven TviTon aRiarebT, rom samSoblos
davicavTo. Tu davicavT keTili da patiosani, yvela damcvels pativs
vcemT. amis magaliTi, amis sabuTi ara erTxel mogvces, imedia kidev
bevrs mogvcemen, maSasadame amazed dRes laparaki ki iyo zedmeti.
rac Seexeba aqedan sayvedurs me minda gulaxdilaT vTqva Semdegi:
rodesac vlaparakobdi lebedevze, Tavdapirvelad araviTari
azri, araviTari survili ar mqonda, rom es lebedevi damekavSire­
bina dRevandel eserebTan. es sruliad uneblieT moxda, TiTon imaT
momces sababi, TviTon maT maiZules meTqva, magram srulebiTac Tqven
ar myavdiT mxedvelobaSi. xolo rodesac vaJbatoni gobeCia gamovi­
da maSin ki davrwmundi, rom igi amarTlebda qarTul andazas: yovel
qurds qudi ewvis Tavzed. ai swored, rom es dRes gobeCiam daamtkica.

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es daamtkica jer erTi imiT, rom saxalxo furclis damatebaSi ina­
xula nikolozis suraTi. (xmauroba. sicili. zari). (xma soc.-revoli­
ucionerTa mxridan: Tqven winaaRmdegi ar iyaviT...) ~
ara batonebo, Cven rasakvirelia winaaRmdegi viyaviT, magram
amis gaxsenebas me urCevdi b. gobeCias gaexsenebina is momenti, rode­
sac aWarlebis procesi iyo, rodesac Ralati moaxvies aWarel xalxs,
isev, rogorc dRes axveven, da rodesac es xalxi moiyvanes ruseTis
sasamarTlos winaSe. ai maSin Tqveni lebedevi iyo, Tumca marjvniv
ijda, romelic moRalateeebs eZaxda aWarlebs. maSin ratom ar geec­
iT pasuxi? Cven ki am pasuxSi mudam gadavametebdiT xolme. Tqven ki
gqondaT erTgvari trafareti, rom viTomc Cven memarjveneni varT,
ara varT socialistebi da ai Tqveni socialisti lebedevi dRes deni­
kinTan aris. rodesac me dRes movismine gobeCias nikolozis suraTze
saubari, mindoda, rom SegenaniebinaT Tqveni warsuli, Tqven dRes Se­
naniebis magivrad gamoamJRavneT is, rom is Cveni iyo magram marjvniv
ijdao. (xmauroba. zari) rac Seexeba nikolozis suraTs, sakvirvelia,
rom yvela giJi gamodis da am portretzed laparakobs. es albad imas
niSnavs, rom meti sabuTi Tqven ar gaqvT Cven winaaRmdeg, da aseT xatiT
da suraTiT gulze dasvenebuli dadixarT. dedamiwis zurgze Tqven
aravin ar dagijerebT, rom simon mdivani pativs scems nikolozs an da
romelime misi amxanagi, amas aravin ar dagijerebT.
Tqven dResac ki ar xarT gamorkveuli, Tqven, rom gamorkveuli
yofiliyaviT, gana SemoitandiT iseT SekiTxvas, rogorc amas winad
SemoitaneT? Tqven kargad icodiT, rom ekonomiur niadagze gaficvis
gamo aravin iyo dakavebuli, magram Tqven mainc SemoitaneT SekiTxva,
radgan „ruskoe znamia“ amas gikarnaxebdaT (xma soc. rev. mxridan: Cven
didi xania maT CamovSordiT!) me mwams, rom SordebiT, rom saukeTeso
wevrebi samudamod daSordnen, magram zogierTs Tvali iqiTken giWe­
riaT. gaecaniT dRes ras sCadian Tqveni amxanagebi soxumsa da foTSi
da me darwmunebuli var, rodesac maT moqmedebas gaecnobiT, am kaTe­
draze maT winaaRmdeg gamoxvalT. Tqveni partia ar aris gawmendili
im elementebisagan, romelnic modebulni arian mTel saqarTvelos
demokratiul respublikaSi. (xmauroba. zari. xma: ras Svrebian?) ai
ras Svrebian: rusifikaciis politikas awarmoeben aq sxva da sxva gad­
moxvewilni, dabneulni, e. w. ruseTis eserebis TandaswrebiT da xel­
mZRvanelobiT.
yovel SemTxvevaSi es sakiTxi, rodesac baTumis sakiTxi daisva, es
sabuTi ar unda wamoyenebuliyo imitom, rom es sakiTxi baTumis kiT­
xvas sruliad ar Seexeba. Cven SeiZleba glaxebi viyvneT warsulSi,
Cven miCveulni varT erTgvar ginebas Cven warsulisas, es aris Cveni
ubeduri tradicia. magram dRes aq saWiro iyo erTsulovnoba, dRes
saWiro iyo es, raTa mTavrobas SesZleboda iseTi nabijis gadadgma,
romelic momavalSi erTgvar saSiSrobas, xifaTs Tavidan agvacdenda.
rogor fiqrobT Tqven, Tqveni gamosvla gaamagrebs mTavrobis gambed­

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aobas? SesaZloa mTavrobam ifiqros: vai Tu xalxis zogierTma nawil­
ma ar gagviziaroso. magram me Rrmad mwams am mTavrobis Semadgenloba
am sakiTxSi veravin ver gadaaxvevinebs verc Tqven, verc isini. im gzas,
romelic mTavrobas ukve aRebuli aqvs, is am gziT wava, am mxriv mas
mxars dauWers mTeli xalxi, miuxedavaT im gamosvlisa, romelsac aq
hqondaT adgili.
rac Seexeba im saSualebas, romelzedac aq ambobda batoni gva­
zava, rasakvirvelia me ar megona, rom es seriozulad iyo naTqvami.
man sTqva, rom, unda gadaxvideT an bolSevikebis, an da klemansos mxa­
rezeo. CvenTvis miuRebelia erTic da meorec, CvenTvis aris mesame
gza demokratiuli gza. es gaxlavT is konferencia, romelzedac ase
emyareboda batoni gvazava. magram me vfiqrob, rom es konferencia
verafers ver gaakeTebs sanam misi demokratizacia ar moxdeba, sanam
im xalxis magivrad, romelnic dRes arian konferenciaSi, ar Seva sxva
xalxi, romelsac ufro meti Zala aqvs, meti gavlena. oTxTa sabWo er­
Tob mcire dawesebulebaa vinem mTeli msoflio, imaT ar SeuZlianT
socialisturi wyobilebis damyareba da arc iseTi ram, rogoric aris
topografiuli ruqis Seqmna. isini mxolod, ulazaToT, ulamazoT xa­
zebs avleben, magram dRes gavlili xazi xvalve iSleba xolme. aseTia
maTi dRevandeli moqmedeba, xan bziba, xan mexadiri, xan Woroxi, xan
yarsi, xan mtkvari da sxva, da erTi Camoyalibebuli azri maT ar aqvT.
amisTvis me, davalebiT Cemis fraqciisa, unda ganvacxado, rom is
rac aq gamoacxada mTavrobis warmomadgenelma, gareSe saqmeTa minis­
trma Cven migvaCnia dasakmayofileblad, da me mgoni, rom mTavroba
miiRebs zomebs, da, Tavis movaleobas Seasrulebs. mcire movlenebi,
rogoric aris droSis aRmarTva Cvens sazRvrebzed, darajaT day­
eneba rusebis mier Semdgar jarisa, am wvrilman saqmeebs Zalian adre
mospobs.
mxolod sapirado sakiTxad minda movaxseno baton gvazavas Semdegi:
rodesac me neitralobaze vlaparakobdi, rasakvirvelia, (me, rom
saSualeba mqondes stenografiidan aRvadgino _ aRvadgendi, magram am
saSualebas moklebuli var.) me vlaparakobdi, swored im neitraloba­
ze, romelic Tqven aseT mWermetyvelurad daumtkiceT baton gvazavas.
me imiT davamTavreb, rom im sabuTis garda, romelic Tqven aq moi­
yvaneT me erT sabuTs daumateb.
yovelive redaqtori gazeTisa, sazRvar gared, romelTanac Tqven
mixvalT da mimarTavT, rom oriode sityva sTqvas saqarTvelos da­
moukideblobaze, yuTs gaaRebs gamoswevs da gazeTis nomeris wvers
giCvenebT: _ ai dokumenti, rom omis dros araviTari neitraloba ar
dagicavT, da iseve daketavs am dokuments. maT hgoniaT, rom es iseTi
dokumentia, rom amis uaryofa yovlad SeuZlebelia. am dokumentSi
sworeT moyvanilia is traqtati, romelic dawerili iyo 4 qarTvelis
mier osmaleTis mTavrobasTan, Tu osmaleTis mTavrobis warmomad­
genelTan ar vici kargad, ar vici visTan gaakeTes es kavSiri.

186
 me vlaparakob, rom am dros Cven neitralobas vicavdiT da vibrZo­
diT ruseTis laSqarTan, rogorc erT frontze, ise meore frontze
da auarebeli msxverpli moutaneT. ai am neitralobaze vlaparakob­
di da ara im dros neitralobaze, rodesac Cveni teritoriis dacvis
sakiTxi iyo, vanaidan am sakiTxSi neitraloba ar viciT: iqneba mteri
mZlavri, Tu susti, valerian juRelis Tqmisa ar iyos, yvelas Seve­
brZolebiT.
arc iseT neitralobaze mqonda laparaki, romelzedac gvikiJi­
na baton gvazavam. mas hgonia, rom me neitralobas vqadageb. rode­
sac socialisturi brZola swarmoebs, am sakiTxSi Cveni pozicia
gamorkveulia. Cven varT im mxareze, romelic icavs, amyarebs axal
wyobilebas da spobs Zvel wyobilebas. Cveni Secdoma, Cveni azriT,
gamomdinareobs am gadaWril poziciidan. Cven mivdevT vilsons imde­
nad, ramdenaTac mTel msoflios mosatyuarad ar aris naTqvami mis 14
muxlSi: yovel erovnebas mieniWeba damoukidebloba. maSasadame, Tu
es sityvebi mxolod sityvad ar aris moyvanili, Cven moviTxovT, rom
vilsonma ganaxorcielos es imdenad, ramdenadac is momxre aris amisa.
Semdeg amisa, rasakvirvelia, Cven mxars ver dauWerT, rom rome­
lime erovneba daiCagros. es moxdeba sanam, manam saTaveSi sdgas oTxTa
sabWo. amaT Cven, mainc da mainc, bevrs rames ver movTxovT (gvazava: aba
maS CamovagdoT?) imas Camoagdeben Tavis droze, me da Tqveni Zala ar
aris saWiro.
socialist-federalistTa fraqciis saxeliT maqvs pativi Semovi­
tano Semdegi rezoliucia: (kiTxulobs).

soc. federalistebis fraqciis formula:

moismina ra mTavrobis ganmarteba soc. fed. SekiTxvis gamo dam­

fuZnebelma krebam daadgina:
1. vinaidan baTomis olqisa da qalaq baTomis dRevandeli ga­
mourkveveli politikuri mdgomareoba, garda imisa, rom aSorebs
samuslimano saqarTvelos saerTo samSoblos, amave dros xels uwyobs
Sav reaqciis msaxurT Cveni respublikis sawinaRmdego moqmedebis ba­
zad gadaaqcion es mxare da vinaidan baToms uaresi mniSvneloba aqvs
respublikis arsebobisaTvis, amitom mTavrobam yoveli Rone iRonos
baTumis qalaqisa da olqis saqarTvelosTan SeerTebis dasaCqareblad.
2. sastiki zomebi miiRos agreTve saerTod Cveni sazRvrebis da­
sacavad, raTa Savi reaqciis msaxurTa da agentebs saSualeba moespoT
advilad respublikaSi Semosvlisa da agreTve zurgis gasawmendaT
Cveni Tavdacvis saqmisTvis mavne da saeWvo elementebisagan da gada­
dis morig sakiTxze.
Tavmjdomare. Semotanili gaxlavT winadadeba, rom kamaTi mois­
pos, aris Cawerili mxolod erTi oratori: ilia nucubiZe. vin aris

187
momxre rom kamaTi moispos? (umravlesoba momxrea) maSasadame kamaTi
mospobilia.
Semotanili gaxlavT ori rezoliucia _ erTi romelic mogx­
sendaT socialist-federalistTa fraqciis saxeliT da meore so­
cial-demokratiul fraqciis rezoliucia.

soc.-demokrat. fraqciis formula.

mdivani: (kiTxulobs).
„moismina ra mTavrobis ganmarteba soc.-federalistTa SekiTxvis
gamo, damfuZnebeli kreba savsebiT iziarebs mTavrobis politikas,
romelic mimarTulia samuslimano saqarTvelos Cvens respublikasTan
SeerTebisaken da sruliad darwmunebuli, rom igi yovel RonisZiebas
miiRebs, raTa baTomi ar gadaiqces denikinis jarebis bazaT, saqarTve­
los winaaRmdeg samoqmedoT, gadadis morig sakiTxze“.
Tavmjdomare. uyri kenWs pirvel Semosul rezoliucias, e. i. so­
cialist-federalistebis rezoliucias. vin aris winaaRmdegi? uary­
ofilia.
kenWs uyri meore rezoliucias. van aris momxre?
miRebulia.
exla unda gadavideT dekretze: mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20
milion maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb. vinaidan exla gvian aris winadade­
ba Semotanili, es gadidos Semdeg krebisTvis, mxolod saboloo teqs­
ti Tqvens dadgenilebis mixedviT unda iyos moxsenebuli. momxsenebe­
li gaxlavT soloRaSvilis asuli.

saboloo teqsti.

soloRaSvilis asuli. (moaxsenebs krebas saboloo teqsts _ axal­

cixisa da axalqalaqis mazrebis mcxovrebTa dasaxmareblad 2 milioni
maneTis gadadebis dekretisas da saboloo teqsts damf. kreb. wevrTa
gasammrjelos gadidebis dekretisas).
kreba saboloo teqstebs ucvlelad amtkicebs.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi sxdomis dRis wesrigi.
gTxovT waikiTxoT. mdivani (kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wes­
rigs).
Tavmjdomare. krebas vxurav.
sxdoma 3 saaTsa da 50 wuT. Tavdeba.

188
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdamerve sxdoma

1919 weli, ivnisis 20. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­ro­si am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
konstantine jafariZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 35 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT moisminoT dRiuri
wesrigi.

komisiebSi gadasacemi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi.

mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
1. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti dekretisa mixelis saavadmy­
ofos da olRas sabebio institutis Sesanaxad 2.342.200 man. gadadebis
Sesaxeb. gadaecema janmrTelobisa da sabiujeto safinanso komisias.
2. mTavrobis mier saratifikaciod warmodgenili saqarTvelos
da azerbaijanis respublikaTa mTavrobaTa Soris dadebuli SeTanx­
mebis aqti. gadaecema gareSe saqmeTa da iuridiul komisiebs.
3. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris kanon­-proeqti _
wminda mogebis saprocento gadasaxadisa da Tan­xis gadasaxadis ga­
didebis Sesaxeb. gadaecema sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
(damfuZnebeli kreba am nusxas adasturebs).

189
 Tavmjdomaris gancxadeba

Tavmjdomare. am sakiTxTa Soris aris erTi: xelSek­rulebis pro­

eqti, romelic mTavrobam dasdo aderbeijanis respublikasTan. es
xelSekruleba warmodgenili aris damfuZnebel krebis winaSe sarat­
ifikaciod. prezidiumma iqonia msjeloba da, Tanaxmad mTavrobis
gancxadebisa, am sakiTxisTvis unda gaimarTos sagangebo sxdoma dam­
fuZnebel krebisa. Cemis azriT es sxdoma unda gaimarTos kviras, di­
lis 12 saaTze. Tu sawinaaRmdego araferi ara gaqvT, maSasadame Sesaf­
eri zomebi iqneba miRebuli. surs Tu ara vismes sityva? sityva aravis
ar surs. maSasadame, winadadeba miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT
dRiuri wesrigi.

dRiuri wesrigi

mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
1. saboloo teqsti _ saSualo saswavlebelTaTvis avansis ga­
dadebis kanonisa.
2. saboloo teqsti _ pirvel dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis maswavle­
belTa mosamzadeblad sazafxulo kursebis mowyobis kanonisa.
3. dekreti mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20 milion maneTis gadadebi­
sa _ ucxoeTSi gasatan saqonlis dasamzadeblad da ucxoeTidan saqon­
lis saqarTveloSi Semosatanad.
4. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ mTavari samuSao
sammarTvelos da foTisa da soxumis sabaJoebis Statebis gadidebis
Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxelmwifo xazin­
idan 2. 501.777 man da 20 kap. gadadebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos sakaTa­
likososTvis dasaxmareblad.
6. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ rkinis gzis mier
dakargul bargisa da barg-saqonlis misacem fasis gadidebis Sesaxeb.
7. dekretis proeqti jaris nawilebidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego
zomebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. am sakiTxTa Soris prezidiumma, Tanaxmad komis­
iebis gancxadebisa amoiRo dRiur wesrigidan ori sakiTxi. es gaxlavT
meeqvse sakiTxi. _ pirveli zogadi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saxel­
mwifos xazinidan 2.501.777 man da 20. k gadadebis Sesaxeb saqarTve­
los sakaTalikososaTvis dasaxmareblad; da agreTve merve sakiTxi _
dekretis proeqtis jaris nawilebidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego zome­
bis Sesaxeb.
pirvelis Sesaxeb gancxadeba gaxlavT safinanso-sabiujeto komi­
siisa, romliTac is Txoulobs ukanve daubrundes mas proeqti gada­

190
saSinjaT. meore aris samxedro komisiis gancxadeba, sadac igive Sua­
mdgomloba aris prezidiumis winaSe. ase rom, es ori sakiTxi moxsnili
aris dRevandel dRiur wesrigidan.
danarCen sakiTxebis Sesaxeb xom aravis surs sityva? msurveli ara­
vin aris, maSasadame dRiuri wesrigi miRebulia.

saboloo teqstebi.

pirveli sakiTxi _ saboloo teqsti saSualo saswavlebelTaTvis

avansis gadadebis kanonisa. momxsenebelia anna soloRaSvilis asuli.
meore _ saboloo teqsti pirvel dawyebiTi skolebisaTvis maswavle­
belTa mosamzadeblad sazafxulo kursebis mowyobis kanonisa. momx­
senebelia anna soloRaSvilis asuli. (saboloo teqstebi muxlobriv
kenWis yriT miRebulni arian).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

dekreti mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20 milion maneTis

gadadebisa uc­x o­e TSi gasatan saqonlis dasamzadeblad
da ucxoeTidan saqonlis Se­m osatanad.

momxenebelia d. TofuriZe
d. TofuriZe. me mgoni saWiro ar aris amis damtkiceba, rom Cven
ekonomiurad dRes Zalian cud mdgomareobaSi varT da Zlier saWiro
aris es pirobebi gavaumjobesoT, rom gaadvildes saqonlis Semota­
na. amisTvis aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens, rom saqonlis Se­
mosatani saRsari gvqondes Cven. rogorc mogexsenebaT valiuta Cven
ara gvaqvs da amitom ufro Zneldeba sazRvar- gareTidan saqonlis
Semotana. dRes erTad-erTi saRsari, rom valiutis mxriv Cveni mdgo­
mareoba gaumjobesdes, aris adgilobrivi saqonlis SigniT dagroveba,
misi SeZena mTavrobis mier da Semdeg am saqonlis gatanis saSualebiT
ucxoeTidan saWiro saqonlis Semotana. magram rodesac mTavrobis
win aseTi saWiroeba dgeba, rodesac mas eZleva saSualeba, rom SigniT
saqoneli SeiZinos, mas ara aqvs saWiro Tanxa, amitom mTavrobam bevr­
jel dakarga momenti, rodesac mas SeeZlo am saqonlis Sesyidva ufro
iaf fasebSi. exla saWirod vicaniT, rom mivceT mTavrobas es saSuale­
ba, mivceT gansazRvruli mcire Tanxa mainc, rom, roca mdgomareoba
moiTxovs, mTavrobas SeeZlos saqonlis SeZena da droze misi gacvla
sazRvar-garedan Semotanil saqonelzed. amisTvis, rasakvirvelia,
saWiroa didi Tanxa, aseuli milionebi, magram aseTi saSualeba jer
ara gvaqvs da erTdroulaT arc aris saWiro aseTi didi Tanxa. ami­
tom Cveni winadadebaa jer-jerobiT mivceT mTavrobas 20 milioni, da

191
Semdeg, rogorc garemoeba da dro gviCvenebs da am Tanxas Tan da Tan
gavadidebT. ai am mosazrebiT mTavrobas Semoaqvs dekreti mTavrobis
gankargulebaSi 2 milioni maneTis gadadebisa.
al. asaTiani. (er.-d) batonebo, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
dekrets, romelic moiTxovs mTavrobisTvis 20 milionis gadacemas
saqonlis gacvlis mosagvareblad, ucnauri bedi aqvs. araCveulebrivi
iyo am dekretis warmoSobis istoria. es erTaderTi sakanonmdeb­
lo winadadeba aris, romelic gamomdinareobs safinanso-sabiuje­
to komisiidan, am komisiis iniciativiT unda aRiniSnos, rom TviT am
dekretis SemuSavebis forma da wesi ar Seefereba sruliad im mniSvn­
elobas, romelic aqvs am dekretiT aRZrul sagans. da sazogadoT, is
ar Seefereba sakanonmdeblo muSaobis wess.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisias, rasakvirvelia udidesi sakiTxe­
bi aqvs gadasaWreli, TiTqmis yvela sakiTxi, romelic ki damfuZnebel
krebaSi gadis, am komisiaSi unda iqnes ganxiluli. amitom is friad
datvirTuli aris muSaobiT da sakuTari iniciativisTvis, sakuTari
sakanonmdeblo cdisaTvis mas Zalian cota dro aqvs, magram Tu ki
mas mieniWa saSualeba, rom sakuTari ram winadadeba Semoitanos dam­
fuZnebel krebaSi, saWiroa, rom es winadadeba ufro kargad iyos
SemuSavebuli da ai am saxiT ar xdebodes.
safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaSi es dekreti eqspromtaT warmoiS­
va, ase vsTqvaT bloknotze daiwera. sxdoma imas ar uswrobda, komisi­
aSi winaswar azrTa gacvla-gamocvla ar iyo, arc am sakiTxis dayeneba.
erTs sxdomaze dekreti kidec daiwera da kidec miRebul iqmna. Semdeg
es dekreti pirdapir Semovida aq, dRiur wesrigSi. aq gamoirkva, rom
is fraqciebs ar ganuxilavT. amitom marTvel fraqciam moiTxova, rom
es dekreti moexsnaT dRiur wesrigidan. Semdeg fraqciebSi gadavida.
aq ukve aRmoCnda, rom aramc Tu ar moxsenebiaT, aramed, TviT mTavro­
bas amis Sesaxeb araferi ar scodnia. damfuZnebeli kreba mowveuli
iyo am dekretiT, rom mas mieca mTavrobisaTvis 20 milioni maneTi.
mTavrobam ar icoda, risTvis aZlevda mas damfuZnebeli kreba 20 mil­
ion maneTs da damfuZnebelma krebam, rasakvirvelia, ar icoda Tanaxma
iyo Tu ara mTavroba am 20 milioni maneTis miRebisa. meored moixs­
na es dekreti swored im mizeziT, rom mTavrobas ganexila da mieRo
an da uari eTqva. exla, ukve mesamed, Cven dRiur wesrigSi vxedavT am
dekrets, da bolos, rogorc aris, SeudgebiT am kanon-proeqtis arse­
biTad ganxilvas. me vfiqrob, batonebo, aseTi wesi muSaobisa, sruli­
ad ar Seefereba sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebis muSaobis xasiaTs da
momavalSi mas adgili ar unda hqondes.
Cven uTuod mogvixdeba momavalSi Seqmna specialuri komisiisa,
romelic saerTo xasiaTis mTavar-ekonomiur sakiTxebs Seexeba: saxel­
mwifos meurneobas, saxelmwifo qonebis eksploatacias, da saxalxo
meurneobis sxva da sxva kiTxvebs, iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, rogorc
aris saSinao da sagareo vaWrobisa, da sasursaTo politika da sxv.

192
aseTi komisiis daarsebis Sesaxeb me Semomaqvs winadadeba damfuZneb­
el krebaSi da Tu is miRebuli iqmna, respublikis ekonomiur cxovre­
bis mniSvnelovan kiTxvebis gansaxilvelad ufro Sesaferi pirobebi
iqneba Seqmnili. maSin, me vfiqrob ar iqneba ase naCqarevaT SemuSaveba
friad mniSvnelovan ekonomiur sakiTxebisa. ai amis Semdeg me mokled
Sevexebi am dekrets.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom dekreti friad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs exeba
da Tu mTavroba kisrulobs ai am sakiTxis mogvarebas, 20 milioni mane­
Ti miuxedavad Cveni finansiur gasaWirisa, Cven unda gaviRoT.
sagareo vaWrobis mogvarebas uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni saer­
To ekonomiur mdgomareobis gamosworebisaTvis da TviT Cveni fulis
saSineli krizisis ganelebisaTvis.
Tu winad, normalur pirobebSi, rodesac Cveulebrivi kanonebi
moqmedobdnen, saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi da ekonomiur viTarebaSi,
sagareo vaWrobis politikas friad did mniSvneloba hqonda, kidev
ufro didi aris am sagareo vaWrobis politikis mniSvneloba. Cven
vxedavT, msoflio omis dros yvela qveynis garSemo aRimarTa erT­
gvari kedlebi, romelnic xels uSlian maT Soris swore da normal­
ur aReb-micemobas da saqonlis gacvlas. Cven vxedavT, rom ai am omis
dros, yvela saxelmwifo erTgvar kunZuls warmoadgenda da yvela
scdilobda Tavis farglebSi TiTonve daekmayofilebina yovelive
saWiroeba, ekonomiur xasiaTisa, da yvela sagnebi da yovelgvari
saqoneli, rac aucilebeli iyo am qveynisTvis, TviT Tavis saxelmwi­
fos farglebSi warmoeSva da miT, rac SeiZleba Seemcirebina Tavis
qveynis ucxo saxelmwifoebisagan damokidebuleba. Cven vxedavT, rom
miuxedavad imisa, rom omi TiTqmis gaTavda, yovel SemTxvevaSi mi­
uaxlovda Tavis dasasruls, aseTi mdgomareoba mainc gagrZeldeba.
Cven exlac TiTqmis savsebiT mowyvetili varT saerTaSoriso bazars
da ar gvaqvs saSualeba wesieri gacvla-gamocvla vawarmovoT, Cve­
ni Rirebuleba gavitanoT da SemovitanoT imis samagiero CvenTvis
saWiro ucxo qveynebis nawarmoebi. amitom uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs
sagareo vaWrobaSi dRevandel mdgomareobis Sesaferisi politikis
SemuSavebas.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom Cven SevqmeniT erTgavri sistema sagareo
vaWrobisa, romelic xasiaTdeba imiT, rom, rodesac Cveni qveynidan
gaitanen realuri Rirebulebis saqonels, samagieroT realuri Ri­
rebulebis ucxoelis saqonlis Semotanas moviTxovT. am safuZvelze
Sendeba saqonlis gacvlis politika CvenSi. amisTvis specialuri or­
ganizacia iyo Seqmnili saqonlis gacvlis komiteti. es organizacia
iyo am saqonlis gacvlis reguliatori, erTgvari sakotrolo orga­
nizacia. am organizaciis statistikuri cnobebi gvarwmuneben, rom
am organizaciisTvis dasaxuli mizani miRweulia. gasuli wlis meore
naxevarSi Cven gvqonda gatanili 87,5 mil. maneTis saqoneli da Semot­
anili ki 140,9 mil maneTis. maSasadame Cven vxedavT, rom Cveni savaWro

193
balansi uaRresad pasiuri iyo da 53 milioni zedmetad Semoziduli
saqoneli Cven davfareT Cveni bonebiT, da im rusul fuliT, romelic
iyo aq darCenili. aseTi garemoeba, rasakvirvelia xels uwyobs ucxo
valiutisa da maT Soris rusuli fulis saocrad gaZvirebas; miuxe­
davad imisa, rom rusul fuls, romelsac bolSevikebi gacilebiT
Cvenze ufro uzomod uSveben, Cvens fulze meti realuri Rirebule­
ba ar aqvs.
sagareo vaWrobis pirobebi moiTxovs, rom saqonlis gacvlis
politika Secvlili iqmnas ukeT, rom vsTqvaT, Sevsebuli.
srulebiT ar aris sakmarisi, rom gazidul saqonelSi Cven mivi­
RoT realuri Rirebuleba. uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra fas­
Si, ra pirobebSi midis Cvengan es Rirebuleba saqonlisa da ra fasSi
modis ucxoeTidan saqoneli, aris Tu ara maT Soris daculi erTgvari
siswore. saWiroa, rom Semotanili saqoneli iyos daaxloveobiT imave
realuri Rireulebisa, romelic aqvs Cemgan gatanil saqonels.
amas unda mieqces mTavrobis yuradReba da am principze unda iyos
aSenebuli momavalSi Cveni savaWro polita. Cven vxedavT, rom yvela
is nawarmoebi, romelic Cven mogvepoveba ucxoeTSi gasatanad, mag­
aliTad marganeci, Tambaqo, matyli da sx. yvela es saqoneli CvenSi
metad fasdacemulia. es aixsneba im garemoebiT, rom oTxi wlis gan­
mavlobaSi, maTTvis bazari daxSuli iyo da ucxoeTSi ar gaitaneboda,
cxadia, rodesac saqoneli ucxo bazrisTvis mzaddeba da ucxoeTSi ar
izideba, misi fasi ecema.
Cveni sagareo bazrobis udides obieqts warmoadgens Tambaqo, ro­
melic Cven TiTqmis milioni fuTi gvaqvs, ai am Tambaqos fasi oqroze
omis win iyo saSualod 20 man. fuTze (zogi sorti fasobda mets, zogi
naklebs). exla rom aiRoT misi fasi realuri RirebulebiT, samjer
oTxjer amaze naklebia. maSasadame ucxoels saSualeba eZleva Cveni
es saqoneli uaRresad dacemul fasebSi, mesamed fasad SeiZinos. sa­
magieroT saqonels vRebulobT ucxoeTidan, am saqonlis fasebi aseve
oTxjer da xuTjer aris gadidebuli, oqros RirebulebiT, rom vian­
gariSoT. Tu aseTi sistemiT gagrZelda sagareo vaWrobis warmoeba,
Tu Cvens saqonels gavitanT daaxlovebiT adgilobriv fasebis mixed­
viT da ucxo saqonels SemovitanT aqaurs fasebSi, es imas moaswavebs,
rom Cveni simdidre ucxo saxelmwifoebis xelSi gadava sruliad muq­
Tad. es moaswavebs Cveni qveynis realur Rirebulebis da simdidris
gacarcvas, da Cveni qveynis gaRatakebas, maSasadame, ar aris sakmarisi
is wesi, romelic aqamdis iyo. saWiroa am sistemis Sevseba, ise, rom
ramodenimeT mainc uzrunvelyofili iyos Semozidul da gazidul
saqonlis fasebis Tanasworoba. ar unda iyos ise, rom Cveni saqoneli
dacemul fasebSi icvlebodes da sxvisi ki uaRresad spekuliantur
fasad Semodiodes. am SemTxvevaSi misaRebi da saSualo principi iqne­
ba, rom Cven ucxoeTis saqonels miviRebT Zvel fasebSi da Cvens saqo­
nelsac mivcemT Zvels fasebSi.

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 rasakvirvelia, ufro idealuri iqneba, rom Cveni saqoneli Tavi­
suflad gavitanoT ucxo bazarze, gavyidoT iqaur fasebSi, iq viyidoT
iqauri saqoneli iqaur fasebSi da SemovitanoT. es CvenTvis ufro
sasargeblo iqneba. maSin Cven saqonels vyidiT aweul fasebSi da sa­
magieroT iq saqonels vyidulobT iq arsebuls fasebSi. aseTi gacvla
iseve aris CvenTvis sasargeblo, rogorc sazianoa meore ukidureso­
ba, rodesac ucxoelebs CvenSi SemoaqvT Tavisi saqoneli; mas friad
maRals fasebSi gvaZleven da samagieroT Cvengan iZenen Cvens saqonels
friad dacemul fasebSi. yovels SemTxvevaSi unda SevecadoT, rom sa­
Sualo xazi mainc davicvaT.
amisTvis mTavrobam gasakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios im
garemoebas, rom Cven ar viyoT ise garemoculni yovel mxriv, ar viyoT
im mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac iZulebuli viqnebiT yovel-gvar fasSi
mivceT Cveni saqoneli ucxoelebs.
mTavrobam unda miiRos zomebi, rom SeZlebis-dagvarad gadalaxos
Cveni bazrisTvis is siZnele, romelic mis win aris aRmarTuli. rasak­
virvelia aq aris politikuri xasiaTis siZneleni, magram aris agreTve
sxva gvaric.
Cven ar gvaqvs saSualeba, rom Cvenve gavitanoT ucxo bazarze Cve­
ni saqoneli. zRva gvaqvs, magram ar gvaqvs gadasatani saSualeba, ara
gvaqvs savaWro gemebi, romliTac Cven SegveZlos Cveni saqoneli gavi­
tanoT, da Tu gagrZelda Cveni aseTi damokidebuleba ucxo tonaJze,
rasakvirvelia, Cven sruliad SeboWili davrCebiT da veraviTar Tav­
isufals sagareo politkas ver vawarmoebT.
mTavrobas Seswevs Zala da Tu saTanado mecadineobas ar daaklebs,
ramdenime xomaldis SeZenas moaxerxebs. Cven aucilebliv unda gavi­
CinoT erTgvari minimumi gadasazid saSualebisa da rodesac Cven ar
viqnebiT ucxo bazarze sruliad mowyvetili da gveqneba saSualeba mas
ramodenimed mainc dauaxlovdeT, dRevandeli Cveni sagareo vaWrobis
friad saxifaTo da CvenTvis saziano pirobebi sagrZnobliv ganeldeba.
amitom, rasakvirvelia, Cven unda miviRoT mTavrobis winadadeba
da mis gankargulebaSi saWiro Tanxa gadavdoT, mxolod saWiro aris
am fulis miRebasTan erTad SemuSavebuli iyos saTanado gegma, saTana­
do sistema am saqonlis gacvla-gamocvlis moxdenisa. miRebul unda
iqnas mxedvelobaSi yvela is pirobebi, romelic axasiaTebs dRevan­
dels Cvens ekonomiurs mdgomareobas.
rodesac msoflio vaWroba ase aris areul-dareuli da is Zafe­
bi, is SemakavSirebeli jaWvebi, romelic gambuli iyo xalxTa Soris
dawyvetilia. rasakvirvelia, Cveni susti vaWar-mrewvelTa klasi mx­
olod sakuTari ZaliT ver SesZlebs am siZneleTa daZlevas da qvey­
nisTvis sasargeblo savaWro urTierTobis damyarebas. aq aucilebe­
lia mTavrobis arsebiTi daxmareba.
amitom savsebiT vemxrobiT, rom mTavrobis gankargulebaSi ga­
daidos gansakuTrebuli Tanxa, am sagareo vaWrobis mosagvareblad,

195
Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom mTavroba saTanado yuradRebas miaqcevs da Se­
ecdeba mis mowesrigebas. Cven unda mivaqcioT mTavrobis yuradReba im
garemoebas, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi, am sagareo vaWrobis mowyobis
dros, didi yuradReba unda mieqces. didi angariSi unda gaewios Cve­
ni qveynis mrewvelobas, warmoebaTa sxva da sxva dargis saWiroebebs.
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom Cveni WiaTuris nawarmoebi da
meTambaqoebis nawarmoebi wesier fasebSi gasaRdes da ara dRevandel
dacemul fasebSi. is fasi, romelic aris Tambaqoze srulebiT ar ga­
moxatavs Tambaqos realur Rirebulebas. rodesac TviTeul fuT Tamb­
aqoSi winad 17-18 fuTi puris Rirebuleba eZleoda mwarmoebels, exla
erTi fuTi Tambaqo gacilebiT naklebi Rirs, vidre erTi fuTi puri.
rasakvirvelia, Tu Tambaqo aseT piroebSi gasaRda, amiT, rasak­
virvelia, momavalSi Semcirdeba Tambaqos kultura. es iqneba uaRre­
si ekonomiuri zarali, da ziani Cven qveynisTvis. amitom mTavrobam
angariSi unda gauwios mdgomareobas da mwarmoebelT daxmareba aR­
mouCinos maT nawarmoebis Sesafer fasebis gasaRebaSi. iseTs saqon­
lis Sesaxeb, rogorc aris marganeci, Tambaqo, matyli da sx. mTavro­
ba TiTonve unda scdilobdes ucxo qveynebTan fasebSi Serigebas. man
SeiZleba TviTon ver SesZlos am saqonlis gatana, xolo man daxmareba
unda aRmouCinos Cvens mwarmoeblebs, rom isini maT bazars miwvden da
dauaxlovden.
dekreti ambobs, rom es 20 mil. Tanxis gamoyenebis dros, mTavro­
bas aqvs ufleba Sekras pirobebi, rogorc sazogadoebriv dawese­
bulebebTan, ise kerZo pirebTan. es misaRebi aris, da mTavroba, ra­
sakvirvelia am saqmeSi unda Seurigdes saTanado organizaciebs _
vaWar-mrewvelTa organizaciebs, da sazogadoebriv organizaciebs.
magram Semdeg dekreti ambobs, rom xelSekrulobis SemuSavebis dros
mTavroba unda SeuTanxmdes safinanso komisias. safinanso komisia
aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobs am xelSekrulobis SekvraSi, unda
mogaxsenoT, rom es Cemi azriT, sruliad ar Seefereba sakanonmdeb­
lo organos daniSnulebas da sruliad ar iqneba mizanSewonili. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom es muxli unda iqmnes amoSlili. es savsebiT unda ekis­
rebodes mTavrobas. rasakvirvelia damfuZnebel krebas, rogorc uma­
Rles organos ufleba aqvs, rom Caerios mTavrobis yvela moqmedeba­
Si. magram, am saSualebas, damfuZnebel krebis safinanso komisia asec
aris moklebuli. Tu is saWirod dainaxavs, mTavrobas Tavis rCevas mis­
cems. magram, SeuZlebelia, rom safinanso komisia ixilavdes sxva da
sxva xelSekrulobebs, SeuZlebelia imitom, rom amisTvis saWiro aris
muSaoba, sul sxva wesi da sul sxvagvari pasuxismgebloba. sakanonmde­
blo muSaobiT datvirTulma komisiam, rom xelSekrulobis SemuSave­
ba daiwyos, mravali Secdomebi da siurprizebi aris mosalodneli.
da me ar vfiqrob safinanso komisiis yvela wevrebma ikisron aseT pa­
suxismgebloba. amitom es muxli unda amoiSalos da xelSekrulobebi
ixilebodes ise, rogorc es yovelgan miRebulia.

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 ilia nucubiZe. (soc.-r.) batonebo, Cven finansiur mdgomareobaSi
damkvidrda ori friad damaxasiaTebeli tendencia: erTis mxriv saz­
Rapro siswrafiT ecema Cveni binebis fasi (Cveni maneTi sazRvar-gared
kapeikic aRar Rirs), meore mxriv uangariSo gacema am bonebisa. ori
milioni, oTxi milioni, oci milioni da ase dausrulebliv viZleviT
am bonebs. aseTi mdgomareoba Cven migvaqanebs ganadgurebisaken. rom
saxalxo meurneobis ayvavebas uaRresaT didi mniSvneloba aqvs valiu­
tis Seqmnisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis _ amaSi, vgoneb, eWvi aravis daebade­
ba, es saanbano WeSmaritebaa da, rom es ekonomiuri faqtori TiTqmis
gadamWrel rols TamaSobs am SemTxvevaSi da politikur moments, ama
Tu im qveynis saerTaSoriso politikur mdgomareobas imdeni mniSvne­
loba ar aqvs qaRaldis fulisa da misi kursis awevis Tu dawevis saqme­
Si _ amis sailiustraciod nebas mivcem Cem Tavs moviyvano istoriidan
erTi magaliTi. 1810 wels ruseTis asignaciebis kursi dacemuli iyo,
miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTs maSin mtkice saerTaSoriso politiku­
ri mdgomareoba hqonda, mokavSire iyo safrangeTis da SveciasTan omi
moigo. 1812 w. ki, rodesac napoleoni Sevida moskovSi da evropa dar­
wmunebuli iyo, rom ruseTi Tavis politikur arsebobas dakargavda,
ruseTis asignaciebis kursma inglisSi aiwia.
ratom moxda es? es moxda, imitom, rom savaWro balansi xelsayreli
iyo ruseTisaTvis: am xanebSi auarebeli saqoneli gaizida ruseTidan
inglisSi (seli, qoni da sxva). SemohqondaT ki naklebad. amgvaraT in­
glisi Seiqna erTnairaT valdebuli ruseTisa. ai am ekonomiurma
faqtorma, ruseTisaTvis am xelsayrelma savaWro balansma aswia ruse­
Tis asignaciebis fasi inglisSi. da me vambob, Tu Cven SevqeniT aseTi
xelsayreli pirobebi Cveni sagareo vaWrobisaTvis, e.i. gavzidavT
ufro mets vinem SemovitanT, rasakvirvelia, Cven SevqmniT mtkice va­
liutas da fulis trialic normalur kalapotSi Cadgeba. es saanbano
WeSmaritebaa, rogorc mogaxseneT da amaze didxans SeCereba zedmetad
mimaCnia. magram saqme marto amaSi araa, saqme meTodSia, im meTodSi,
romelic miznis misaRwevad unda gamoviyenoT. Cven warmogvidgines
dekreti oci milionis gadadebis Sesaxeb, am dekrets araferi misdevs,
arc sqema, arc ganmarteba imisa, Tu ra saqoneli unda gavzidoT, arc
is, Tu ramdenaTaa navaraudevi Cveni saqonlis fasebi ucxo bazarze,
arc is ra saqoneli unda SemovzidoT CvenSi sazRvargareTidan. ase
qaotiuraT moqmedeba yovlad Seuwynarebelia. damfuZnebelma krebam
ramodenimeT mainc unda gaiTvaliswinos is gegma, romliTac mTavro­
bas surs sagareo vaWrobis mowyoba. ase brmaT, windauxedavaT aramc
Tu oc milions, erT kapiksac ver gaviRebT. warmoidgineT, batone­
bo, ganmartebiTi werili ori pwkaria, momxsenebeli laparakobs or
wams da aseT pirobebSi Tqven gadadeviT oci milioni!! Cvenis azriT,
unda daarsdes gansakuTrebuli komisia, saxalxo meurneobis komis­
ia. es komisia SeimuSavebs dawvrilebiT gegmas _ Tu rogor unda ayva­
vdes Cveni saxalxo meurneoba, Tu rogor unda moewyos Cveni saSin­

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ao da sagareo vaWroba da amisda mixedviT Cven gadavdgamT ama Tu im
nabijs. Cven Tanxis gadadebis winaaRmdegi ara varT, magram am Tanxas
unda hqondes mizanSewonili daniSnuleba. garda amisa TviT dekreti
SeufereblaT aris Sedgenili. pirvel muxlSi sweria: „gadaidos Tanxa
saqonlis SemozidvisaTvis, an ucxo valiutis SesaZenaT“... „an, an, an“...
kanonebi ase ar iwereba. meore muxlSi aRniSnuli aris, rom mTavro­
bas ufleba eZleva kerZo pirebs miandos aRniSnul saqmis mogvareba.
es yovlad miuRebelia. rodesac ori milionis Sesaxeb mogaxsenebdiT,
maSinac ganvacxade, rom, rodesac saxelmwifo xazinidan gadis fuli
savaWro, sameurneo an sxva aseTi saqmeebis mosagvareblad, mTavroba
valdebulia koleqtiuri gziT, sazogadoebriv, an saxelmwifo dawese­
bulebaTa saSvalebiT moagvaros es saqme. rodesac kerZo pirebs gadas­
cemT fuls, ra garantiaa, rom isini upirveles yovlisa Tavis inter­
esebisaTvis ar izruneben? Tqven gvetyviT pirobiT SevekvrebiT maT
da maSin borotebas maT mxriv adgili aRar eqnebao. unda mogaxsenoT,
batonebo, dRes spekuliacia sazRapro siswrafiT izrdeba. SesaZloa
kerZo piri Segekres Tqven pirobiT da bec mogcesT 50% mogebisa ga­
reSe dadebul xelSekrulebisa, is Tqven xelSekrulebas ukuagdebs da
ise moiqceva, rogorc mas misi piradi CarCuli interesebi ukarnaxebs.
garda amisa SesaZloa, rom saxelmwifos, rogorc aseTs, esaW­
iroebodes gansazRvruli dargi saqonlisa, kerZo vaWris interesi
ki moiTxovs sxvas. ase, rom soc.-rev. fraqciis azriT SeuZlebelia,
rom kerZo pirTa xelSi gadavides saxelmwifos fuli. mxolod saxel­
mwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaTa saSvalebiT unda mo­
agvaroT is saqme, romlisaTvisac aRniSnuli Tanxis gadadebaa ganz­
raxuli. raRa gvaklia batonebo, fuli xazinidan iReba. iniciativaa
saWiro da es inciativac unda gamoviCinoT.
da bolos kidev unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, rom soc.-rev. fraq­
cia winaaRmdegi araa saWiro saqmisaTvis fuli gadaidos xazinidan,
magram Cven moviTxovT yovel aseT SemTxvevaSi dawvrilebiT gegmas _
Tu rogor iqneba mogvarebuli ganzraxuli saqme. dRes aseT gegmas ver
vxedavT, brmad ki Cven fuls ver gaviRebT. amitom winaaRmdegi varT
warmodgenili dekretisa.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri Rlonti.
Rlonti. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno, me mgonia, rom damfuZnebeli krebisT­
vis sruliad miuRebeli iqneba erTi winadadeba s.-r. fraqciisa, rom
es kanon-proeqti, dekreti gadaeces iseT Sesaqmnel komisias, romelic
ganixilavs am sakiTxs. me mgonia, rom am azris Serigeba SeuZlebelia
imisTvis, rom sursaTis mxriv, Cvens xalxSi aris Zalian didi gasaWiri
da maSin, rodesac Cven mTavrobis gankargulebaSi ar aris saTanado
Tanxa, rodesac mTavroba gveubneba, rom saWiro aris sursaTis Sesa­
ZenaT saTanado Tanxis Zalian saswrafad gamoReba saTanado fondis
Sesaqmnelad. verc erTi demokrati ver ityvis, rom am Tanxis gamoReba
saWiro ar aris.

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 batonma nucubiZem Zalian kargad unda icodes, rom komisiis Seqm­
na, Semdeg komisiaSi am saqmis detaluri Seswavla, mere sakanonmdeb­
lo gziT gatareba, ganxorcieleba, _ Zalian Sors wagviyvanda. maSin,
ar vici, sasursaTo kriziss avicdendiT Tavidan Tu ara.
me mgonia, damfuZnebel krebaSi SeiZleba TviTon eserebi ar dae­
Tanxmen Tavis wevrs nucubiZes.
magram me gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vaZlev baton asaTianis si­
tyvas. is cdilobda axali ram Strixi Seetana Cvens sasursaTo md­
gomareobaSi. bevri laparakis Semdeg aRsanusxavia mxolod sami mTa­
vari debuleba, romelic gamomdinareobs misi sityvidan. pirveli
debuleba gaxlavT is, rom saWiro aris saqonlis gacvla-gamocvlis
mogvareba. Semdeg, am gacvla-gamocvlis mogvarebisTvis saWiro aris
erTgvari sistemis SemuSaveba, Semdeg ki, _ rom safinanso komisia ar
Caerios am saqmeSi da sxva.
pirveli _ mTavrobas pirdapir gadaWriT SeuZlia sTqvas, rom Cven
amas gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas vaqcevT. meore _ Cven amisTvis uwyeba
gvaqvs, komisia. gacvla-gamocvlis komiteti. am saqmes gansakuTrebiT
vxedavT, gansakuTrebiT viswavliT. komisiam unda SeimuSaos yvela es
sistema. da me ar vici batoni asaTiani raRaze laparakobs. amis Sem­
deg ra mniSvneloba aqvs mis am proeqts, sistemas, zogadad laparaks?
magram, batoni asaTiani sTvlis, rom sakmao aris gacvla-gamocv­
lis komiteti, da mis seriozul muSaobas angariSs uwevs. amisTvis
mTavrobas xelT aqvs organo, am organoSi yvela uwyebis warmomad­
genlebi iReben monawileobas, da aSkara aris, rom mTavrobis poli­
tika da sistema savsebiT akmayofilebs Tqven sistemasac. me ar vici,
rodesac sasursaTo saqmis Sesaxeb aris laparaki, ratom gansakuTre­
biT 20 milions aqcevT yuradRebas da ar aqceven yuradRebas Seqmnil
anarqias, romelSiac imyofeba sasursaTi saqme CvenSi. Tqven ar Segi­
ZlianT miaqcioT yuradReba anarqias, romelic arsebobs Cven sasur­
saTo politikaSi. SeuZlebelia, rom aseTi qaotiur mdgomareobaSi,
aseT anarqiul pirobebSi Cayenebulma sasursaTo politikam raime
nayofi gamoiRos. ai, batonebo, raSi gamoixateba sasursaTo anarqia.
baton asaTians akvirvebs _ rogor SeiZleba safinanso komisia Cae­
rios xelSekrulobis saqmeebSio. es CvenTvis sruliad gasakvirveli
ar aris, imitom, rom vxedavT, saqarTveloSi sasursaTo politika ar
aris. komisia xedavs, xalxi ar aris mzad, da am moumzadeblobis gamo, am
usistemobis gamo, icis, rom yvela am uflebebs isakuTrebs. am dezor­
ganizaciis xanaSi mxolod obieqtur pirobebs aqvs mniSvneloba. Tqven
ar xedavT, rom mTavroba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs kerZo
vaWrebs da mdidrebs. WiaTuris daxmarebis aRmoCena imas moaswavebs,
rom mTavrobas ar aqvs mtkice sasursaTo sistema da organizacia To­
rem es sistema, rom iyos, organizacia, rom iyos rkinis saltiviT, rom
Semortymuli iyos Cveni qveyana sasursaTo organizaciebiT, _ maSin,
_ rasakvirvelia, arc kerZo pirebi iqnebian saWironi arc safinanso

199
komisias mouvidoda azraT, rom Careuliyo aseT ara mis pirdapir
saqmeSi. es ar aris safinanso komisiis saqme. es aris misi funqciebi.
komisias aqvs auarebeli saqme, sakanonmdeblo muSaoba, da mas ar aqvs
dro, rom saadministracio funqciebSiac Caerios. amisTana saqmeebSi,
rom Caerios, me SemiZlia vsTqva, rom ver ganaxorceilebs imas, rac mas
pirdapir daniSnulebaT miaCnia. imisTvis, rom am komisiam nayofi ga­
moiRos, Cven erTi ram unda vsTqvaT _ am komisiam Tavi unda mianebos
amgvar saqmeebs, da miandos Cvens mTavrobas, mxolod mTavrobas unda
gauwios kontroli.
ai es unda iyos Cveni saqme, mTel damfuZnebel krebis moqmedeba.
raSi gamoixateba es usistemoba mTavrobis politikisa? gamoix­
ateba imaSi, rom aseTi didi imedebi gvaqvs kerZo pirebisa. ai, italia­
Si gasagzavnaT batonebo, gadavdeT ori milioni, exla 20 milioni. es
am sasursaTo sakiTxiT da krizisiT aris gamowveuli. amis gamo aris,
rom es gasaWiri unda SevamciroT rogorme. Tqven kargad mogexsene­
baT, rom ramdenime saministro Seicvala, ramdenime ram scades, magram
mdgomareoba am Jamad ufro uaresia. Cven SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom mi­
uxedavaT imisa, rom CvenSi arsebobs centraluri sasursaTo sabWo,
gacvla-gamocvlis komiteti, _ dRes Cven qveyanaSi yvelaze ufro
naklebi saqoneli aris, sasursaTo uwyebas da yvelaze ufro nakle­
bi saqoneli aqvs sasursaTo uwyebas da ara sasursaTo saministros,
rogorc aris dRes. imiT ki ar aris gamowveuli, rom am omis xanaSi
yvelaferi gaZvirda, da saqoneli naklebia. am ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi
imdeni saqoneli trialebs, ramdenic arasodes ar yofila. magram, mi­
uxedavad amisa, CvenSi saqonlis Semozidva ver moxerxda. amas aqvs sa­
patio mizezebi _ obeqtiuri da subeqtiuri mizezebi. uwyebebi gvaqvs
Cven, centraluri sabWo, gacvla-gamocvlis komiteti, romelSiac yve­
la uwyebis warmoadgeneli Sedis. miuxedavaT amisa am dawesebulebis
gareSe saqme mainc ar keTdeba. raRac 80 aTasi fuTi simindi SeiZines,
sxva araferi SeuZeniaT. amas araviTari didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs.
sabWos araviTari perspeqtiva ar aqvs. es sabWo aris raRac mouxeSavi,
didi organizacia da araviTari sifxizle mas ar gamouCenia, aravi­
Tari elastioba mas ar emCneva, mas arc saqarTveloSi, arc saqarTve­
los gared gautania, arc saqarTvelos garedan Semoutania rame. ver­
afers axerxebs gared, verafers axerxebs SigniT. rogorc etyoba, Cven
SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom arc mTavrobas aqvs am sasursaTo sabWos ime­
di. me vambob, rom saWiroa am sasursaTo sabWos daSla, misi reorgani­
zacia, me ar mesmis, rodesac safinanso komisia arkvevs am saqmes, aseTs
sakiTxs, risTvis mdgomareobas ar Caukvirdeba? ratom ar ityvis,
rom am sasursaTo politikisTvis, SeRavaTian pirobebis SeqmnisTvis
aris saWiro gegma. ratom ar warmoadgens am gegmas, Tu marTlac am
gegmiT aris dainteresebuli? risTvis aris, rom sasursaTo sabWos
perspektiva aklia, unaris gamoCena ver mouxerxebia? imisTvis, rom am
sabWos karlikuri uflebebi aqvs, mas ar SeuZlian am komitetis Seu­

200
kiTxavaT, raime molaparkebis gareSe Tavisi politika awarmovos. mas
araviTari politikis warmoeba ar SeuZlian, am sityvis sruli mniS­
vnelobiT: rasakvirvelia, roca aseTi mdgomareoba aris, sasursaTo
sabWo verc elastiuri iqneba da verc gabeduli. da Tavis moqmedeba­
Si mizans ver miaxwevs. me ki vambob, rom sasursaTo politika yovlad
SeuZlebelia uperspeqtivoT, Tu ar iqneba mTliani mizani uwyebis
moqmedebaSi. magram, Tqven metyviT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba miaqcevs
yuradRebas, rom Cven gvaqvs ori organo, gacvla-gamocvlis komiteti,
romelsac didi ufleba aqvs, romelmac unda SeukavSiros mTel qvey­
anas saqarTvelo. magram, xom xedavT, rom Cven TiTqmis separatiulad
vdgevarT. marTlia, zogierTi organizacia arsebobs, es dadebiTi
movlena aris, magram, gareSe politikis, vaWrobis mogvareba, saqon­
lis gacvla-gamocvla _ am mxriv yovlad SeuZlebeli aris, Tu sagareo
bazari ar daukavSirda mWidro saSinao vaWrobis bazars, da sagareo
vaWrobis politika ar daukavSirda saSinao vaWrobis politikas. da
me unda vsTqva, rom gacvla-gamocvlis komitets arafris gakeTeba ar
SeuZlian, Tu mWidroT ar aris SekavSirebuli meore Cven aparatTan
_ sasursaTo sabWos moqmedebasTan. evropidan saqoneli, rom Semovi­
da, Cven gveubneboden _ Cven fuli ar gvinda, Cven gvinda saqoneli. es
saqoneli aqvs sasursaTo sabWos, magram mas aklia reguliatori. ori
piri, ori nebis yofa sabWosa da komitetisa aris aq dainteresebuli.
bolos da bolos maT Soris winaaRmdegoba viTardeba.
amisTvis Cven vambobT, rom aseTi separatiuli, erTi meores daS­
orebuli organizaciis arseboba, yovlad SeuZlebelia, da maT So­
ris SeiZleba mxolod erTi urTierTobis arseboba, erTnairi urT­
ierToba, romelic waarTmevs organizacias sistemis xasiaTs da mis
elastiobasac dahkargavs, amitom Cveni mTavrobis da damfuZnebel
krebis gavlenianma jgufma unda dasvas sakiTxi sasursaTo saminis­
tros organizaciis Sesaxeb. mgoni, aramc Tu saWiro aris, Tu saSuri
aris am sakiTxis mogvareba, am saqmisTvis seriozuli nabijis gadag­
ma saWiro aris, rom umniSvnelo organizaciebi gauqmdnen, vinaidan
dRemdis maT araferi ar gaukeTebiaT. rom Seiqmnas sasursaTo samin­
istro me SemiZlian vsTqva, rom TiTon umravlesobis partias Seu­
Zlian aseT uflebis Seqmna, rom Tavis warmomadgeneli dasvas aseT
saqmeSi da es saqme Caabaros mas. me SemiZlian vsTqva, rom am uflebis
saSualebiT marTlac is moaxdens Cveni saqonlis mobilizacias. am
saSvalebiT Sehqmnis saqonlis valiutas, mets saqonels mogvcems da
gaamtkicebs fulis valiutis Seqmnas. am saqonlis valiutis SeqmniT
SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxva valiutac. amisTvis saWiroa sagangebo sasur­
saTo saministros Seqmna, erTiani mTliani sasursaTo saministrosi.
maSin im anarqiul mdgomareobas, romelic aris Seqmnili sxva da sxva
uwyebebiT, adgili aRar eqneba, mas Tavisufali perspeqtivebi eqne­
ba, damoukidebel politikas awarmoebs, da es politika iqneba mTav­
robis politika da ara erT uwyebasTan, erT romelime ministrTan

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dakavSirebuli. es oci milionis Tanxa aris wveTi zRvaSi. amas ara­
viTari arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs. Cveni fulis mazanda Zalian
dacemulia, am fulis miRebiT seriozulaT arafris gakeTeba ar Sei­
Zleba. Cveni azriT aris, me ar vici, ranairi saxelmwifoebrivi mo­
sazreba aris saerTod safinanso mdgomareobis mxriT, rom rogorme
es Tanxa aweuli iyos, rom marTlac es gamxdariyo iseT saSualebaT,
romlis gamoyeneba SeRavaTian pirobebs Seqmnis Cven respublikaSi.
pirvelad, rom es fulis mazanda avwioT, Cven gansakuTrebuli yur­
adReba unda mivaqcioT saqonlis gayidvis saqmes, Cven gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas vaqcevT saqonlis Semotanas. saqonliT Cveni qveyana dam­
Seuli aris, erTad erTi xsna ixateba imaSi, rom rogorme saqoneli
SemovitanoT Cven respublikaSi, rom saqoneli gavamravloT Cven re­
spublikaSi. magram es unda darCes, rogorc ideali. aris meore idea­
li _ aris saqonlis gamravlebis mizani, rom Cveni TviT saqoneli iyos
gamravlebuli mrewvelobis mxriT, magram es ideali ise Soreulia da
saocnebo, rom amaze ar mogaxsenebT. rodesac saqonlis Semotanaze
vlaparakobT, amas gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vaqcevT, rom ramdenic
CvenSi gemi mova datvirTuli sxva da sxva saqonliT, im dResve daece­
ma xolme Cveni fulis mazanda.
aq iyo naTqvami, rom TiTqmis Cveni fuli ecema wminda xelovnurad,
rom romelime banki, an romelime saxelmwifo axdens aseT gavlenas Cven
bonebze, mas surs dagvces Cven finansiurad da ekonomiurad. es aris
mizezi imisa, rom Cveni fulis Rirebuleba, Cveni bonebis fasi ecema,
SeiZleba amasac hqondes didi mniSvneloba da gavlena, magram arseb­
iTad aqvs mniSvneloba saqonels aq Semotanils. Tqven mogexsenebaT,
rom baTomSi sakmaod aris Semotanili saqoneli, did Rirebulebis
saqonelia: Saqari, manufaktura, tyaveuloba da sxva. es blomad aris
Semotanili, am bolo dros blomad Semoitanes es. me vambob, ramdenic
es saqoneli Semodis, TiTo gemis Semosvlis Semdeg moxdeba xolme Cve­
ni bonebis ramodenimed dacema. ruseTis as maneTSi winaT vaZlevdiT as
TxuTmet maneTs, exla vaZlevT oTxas maneTs, da axlo momavalSi, namd­
vili fasi, as maneTis fasSi mivcemT oTxas ormocda aT maneTs.
rasakvirvelia, es mxolod imiT aixsneba, rom rusuli fuliT
da ara rusuli boniT SeuZlianT ucxoelebs yovelive SeiZinon da
pasuxi agebinon ruseTis saxelmwifos, romelsac aqvs saSualeba da
Rirebuleba, rom pasuxi agos. Cven bonebs imitom ar iReben, rom Cven
araferi gvaqvs. CvenSi SemoaqvT bevri saqoneli imitom, rom saukeTe­
so bazari Savis zRvisa aris baTomi, Tu aq ar Semova aRelvebul
ruseTs verc erTi kapitalisti ver miudgeba, odesac am mxriv umniS­
vnelod aris datovebuli, novorosiiskSi ar Semodis saqoneli, rCe­
ba erTad-erTi gza baTomi; trapezons ar miudgeba gemi, osmaleTi ar
aris sayuradRebo imitom, rom jer erTi trapezonidan misvla-mosv­
la ar aris gaCaRebuli, mdgomareoba gamorkveuli ar aris, da Ti­
Ton osmaleTi did Zal saqonlis bazars warmoadgens gasatan saqon­

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lisa. Sav zRavaze gansakuTrebul pirobebeSi aris bazari baTomisa,
imitom aris, rom baTomSi modian, SeiZleba ar undaT, rom moitanon
saqoneli. iq Cveni fulis mazanda ar aris, iq ukrainis fuliT saRde­
ba. am mxriv araviTari yuradReba ar miuqcevia arc mTavrobas, arc
Cven elCs, romelic iq aris; amitom rusul fulze, yovelTvis rusul
fulze da sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebis fulze gaizarda moTxovnile­
ba. Cveni fulis Rirebuleba daeca da Cveni mTavroba amas araviTar
yuradRebas ar aqcevs. Cveni fulebi da bonebi, bolos da bolos, sxva
da sxva finansiur sakiTxebSi mWidrod arian dakavSirebuli Cven sa­
sursaTo mdgomareobasTan da saqonlis Semotanis mowyobasTan. Cven
mTavrobam, rom gadaitanos did-Zali saqoneli rac ki SeiZleba, mar­
ganecis nawarmoebi, abreSumis parki, matyli, simindi da sxva, mainc
ar SeiZleba Cvenma bonebma gansazRvruli didi mniSvneloba moipo­
von, imitom, rom Cven gvyavs erTi mezobeli saxelmwifo, romelsac
didi wili udevs Cven bonebSi, romelsac Cveulebriv drosac arc
erTi saqoneli ar gautania garda sabralo marilisa da bambisa. 1918
welSi gaitana 15 mil. saqoneli, mxolod milionamde iyo sakuTari
somxeTis saqoneli. rasakvirvelia, rodesac aseTi respublika aris
mosazRvre, romelic bonebs pirdapir nTqavs, ueWvelia, Cven ver gavi­
jansaRebT Cven bonebs. magram SeiZleba Cven azerbaijanis mTavrobas­
Tan erTad sagangebo finansiur bonebis mixedviT gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba ar mivaqcioT saqonlis aqedan gazidvas. marTlia, es iqne­
ba daviwroveba Sinaur momxmarebelTa, magram exl iseTi dro aris,
rom Sinaur momxmareblis dakmayofileba ar SegviZlian, exl iseTi
mdgomareoba aris, rom unda avitanoT yovelive gaWirveba finansiu­
ri da sursaTisa. magram amisTvis aucileblad saWiro aris TviT Sin­
aur saqonlis sazRvar-gareT gatana.
me mesmis, rodesac momxmarebelma aq sTqva, _ Cven mTavrobas mizani
aqvs rogorme daagrovos saqoneli da ucxoeTSi gaitanoso. me minda
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mivaqcio, rom am mxriv Cven SegviZlian
mkvidri safuZveli CauyaroT sasursaTo ekonomiur politikas. sain­
tereso da sayuradRebo aris ukanaskneli muxli am kanon-proeqtisa,
romelic Seexeba daxmarebas da SesaZleblobas kerZo pirebis am saq­
meebis Carevis Sesaxeb.
b-n asaTianma gakvriT sTqva, rom mTavroba unda daexmaros meTam­
baqoebs, Rvinis patronebs, daexmaros Savi qvis mwarmoeblebs da sxva
aseTebs. me vfiqrob, rom Cveulebriv dros, rodesac saqonlis cirkuli­
acia normalur pirobebSi iyo Cayenebuli, SeiZleba Cveulebriv dros
am zomebze ar iyo saWiro laparaki, rom Cven migveqcia gansakuTrebu­
li yuradReba, magram dRes Cveulebrivi pirobebi ar aris, aseTi mdgo­
mareoba aris, rom Zviri saqoneli aris monopoliuri, Cven SegviZlian
gavitanoT saqarTvelodan ramodenime Cveni dargis nawarmoebi, gavi­
tanoT abreSumis parki, Tambaqo, matyli, Savi qvis nawarmoebi da sxva
ramodenime dargi Cven ekonomiur kulturisa. es iseTi xasiaTis aris,

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rom Cven SegviZlia aucileblad warmovidginoT, rogorc mTliani, es
sagani, ueWvelad iyos mTavrobis gankargulebaSi, rom mxolod mTav­
robis saSualebiT es keTdebodes, rom es saqme moaxerxos, rom awar­
movos ekonomiuri politika damoukideblad am kerZo movaWreebTan.
damoukideblad imitom vambob, rom rom saWiro aris sasursaTo samin­
istros organizacias mieces Tavis ufleba. isic ar aris saintereso,
rom rogorme es Cveni saqoneli rac SeiZleba metad gaiyidos, imitom,
rom, maSin rodesac Cven metad vyidiT da kidev moviTxovT sxva da sxva
fulebs, ueWvelia sxva da sxva saqoneli, romelic Semodis ufro sain­
teresoa, ufro maRli fasebiT sargebloben da amboben, Cven mogcemT
imdens, ramdenic gnebavT. amas imitom amboben, rom isini dainterese­
buli arian, ician, rom maT xelSi aris Rirebuleba saqonlis saxiT,
romelSiac isini iReben gacilebiT mets, vidre Cven SegviZlian dava­
fasoT Cveni saqoneli. am fasebis awevas mxolod erTi nayofi moaqvs,
rom bonebs scemen, da Cven oc milions araferi mniSvneloba ar eqneba.
piriqiT, Cven vityviT, rom rac SeiZleba Cveni saqoneli iaf fasebSi
gaiyidos da am fasebis mixedviT Semoitanon ucxo saqoneli.
amiT movaxdenT gavlenas im mxriv, rom Cven momxmarebels mivcemT
SeRavaTian fasebSi saWiro saqonels, rac ufro naklebaT davafasebT,
miT ufro SeiZleba meti saqonlis yidva, Cven movismineT, rom Cveni
bonebi, Cveni maneTi ecema. da Cveni bonebi unda dauaxlovoT fuls,
arsebTad ki Cven vaSorebT bonebs fuls. imitom ki ar unda gamoices
bonebi, rom davaSoroT Cven fuls, aramed rogorc gardamavali zona,
unda davuaxlovoT fuls. Cveni fulis interesi sruliad ar gvaqvs.
exla, rom bonebi sruliad moispos, daikargos, me ar mgonia, rom vin­
mem inanos, me mgoni bolos da bolos sananurad aravis ar darCeba. ai,
aseTi aris katastrofiuli mdgomareoba. aseT finansiur politikis
warmoeba saxelmwifos saxels gautexs da sazogados keTildReobas
savsebiT mospobs. Tu yvelafers mniSvnelobas daukargavT, Tu ar vi­
tyviT siZvire aris, spekuliacia aris, puris siZvire aris, fulebis
umniSvneloba arsebobs, magram ra uyoT, Cven xom mainc varT cocxal­
ni, aseTi msjeloba xSirad aris xolme. gamodian da tribunaze lapa­
rakoben da, rasakvirvelia, Tu ase SevxedavT sakiTxs, maSin SeiZleba
araviTar mosazrebas, araviTar debulebas yuradReba ar mivaqcioT
da sruliad upasuxismgebloT moviqceT yovelgvar sakiTxSi. magram
Tu fulis dacema aseTi mZimea CvenTvis, da jer ver mouxerxebiaT oras
ormocda aT maneTian Rirebulebis qaRaldis fulis dabeWdva, Seu­
Zlebelia miliardebis beWdva da gavrceleba, SeuZlebelia jamagire­
bis aweva oTxi aTas maneTamde.
yvela amisTvis marTlac saWiro aris, miviRoT seriozuli Ro­
nisZieba, rom sasursaTo politika, ekonomiuri politika, rogorme,
bolos, mogvardes.
amnairad umTavresi azri, romelic SeiZleba mTavrobas hqondes
da damfuZnebel krebam unda gaavrcelos gavlenian wreSi, mTavrobis

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da sazogadoebis wreSi, is aris, rom is ramodenime uwyeba, romelsac
aqvs sasursaTo saqme mindobili, es ramodenime uwyeba Seicvalos erT
mTlian gavlenian uwyebiT. sasursaTo uwyeba daarsdes. daarsebisTvis
Cven xalxi gvyavs, da sasursaTos mxriv is miaqcevs Tavis yuradRebas,
rogorc sagareo bazars, ise saSinao bazars. misi politikia iqneba
mTliani, garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi, maSin ueWvelia ar daibadeba
iseTi azri safinanso komisiaSi, rom is aris erTad erTi Zala, romel­
ic yuradRebas unda aqcevdes, marTavdes kidec am saqmes. meore _ sru­
li uaryofa kerZo pirebis am saqmeSi Carevisa. kerZo pirebs SeuZlian
Tavis saqmeebi gaakeTon da am mxriv erTgvari Tavisufleba hqondeT,
magram roca mTavari sagani aris, samonopoliuro sagani, samonopo­
lio produqti ueWvelad unda gasaRdes mTavrobis saSualebiT.
xmebi dadis sazogadoebaSi, presaSiac gaielva xmam, rom Saqari,
abreSumis parki da sxva da sxva saqoneli, romelic Seexeba Cvens samo­
nopolio saqmes, gadaeces kerZo kapitalistebs. me mgonia, rom sazoga­
doebisTvis, sasurveli azri iqneba, rom aseTis samonopolio sagnebi
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar Cuvardes kerZo pirebs xelSi imitom, rom
kerZo pirebi, normalur pirobebSi, rom Caayeno, ueWvelad aiReben
zedmet procents sargebels, romlis miRweva saxelmwifos advilad
SeuZlian. abreSumis parki SeiZleba iyos aTi aTasi fuTi, aseTi Zvir­
fasi saqoneli, romlis raodenoba mcire ar aris, _ aseT saqonlis
Cagdeba kerZo pirebis xelSi saxelmwifoebrivi Ralati iqneboda. im­
itom, rom abreSumis parks iseTi didi mniSvneloba aqvs CvenTvis rom
sakmaod SegviZlian am saqonliT ucxoeli saqoneli SeviZinoT, romel­
ic baTomSi da stambolSi aris. es saqoneli Cven SegviZlia kerZo pire­
bisgan gamoviyidoT, mTavrobas SeuZlian droebiT CamoarTvas kerZo
pirebs, da gascvalos sruliad uvneblaT saxelmwifos da kerZo pire­
bisa. sruliad vewinaaRmdegebi asaTianis proeqts da komisiis pro­
eqts. sruliad SeuZlebelia daxmareba meTambaqoebisTvis, daxmareba
abreSumis parkebis mesakuTreebisTvis, daxmareba WiaTuris warmoe­
blebisTvis. SeuZlebelia, rom maT mivsceT es daxmareba, rom maT atri­
alon es saqoneli ise, rogorc es maT surT. Cemis azriT es unda iyos
mTavrobis srul gankargulebaSi, mTavroba unda iyos myidveli da
gamyidveli am saqonlisa, mxolod mTavrobas SeuZlian gaaumjobesos
mdgomareoba, da aswios da aRadginos dacemuli fuli da prestiJi.
rac Seexeba imas, rom safinanso komisiam miaqcios yuradReba, roca
dasdeben xelSekrulobas, erTi debuleba gvaqvs yvela komisiebisTvis
miRebuli. yvela komisia movale aris Tavis uwyebis mixedviT angariSi
gauwios, yuradRba miaqcios yovelgvar muSaobas, romelic saxelmwi­
foSi arsebobs. aseTi muSaoba swarmoebs da am mxriv didi asparezi
aqvs safinanso-saiujeto komisias. magram sagangebod am muxlis Set­
ana, me mgoni sul sxva mizniT aris nakarnaxevi, sul sxva mizani aqvs.
mTavrobam unda Seqmnas iseTi organo, rom sruli Tavis pasuxismge­
blobiT, sruli Tavis saxelmwifoebrivis SegnebiT unda yovelgvari

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xelSekruleba dasdos da yuradReba miaqcios, Tu ramdenad es xe­
lSekruleba Seefereba im kanonebs, romelic xelSekrulebebisTvis
arsebobs Cven kanonmdeblobaSi. mxolod am mxriv SegviZlian gavlena
movaxdinoT. mxolod aseT CareviT saqme sruliad ar mogvardeba.
me ar SemiZlian oriode sityva ar mogaxsenoT im sazogadoebriv
Zalaze, romelic aseT pirobebSi Cavardeba, sasursaTo anarqiis
pirobebis gamo. exla Cveulebriv xmad aris gadaqceuli, rom yovel­
gvari kooperativi warmoadgens spekuliaciis budes. es truizmad
aris gadaqceuli. me unda vsTqva, kooperacia arafer SuaSi ar aris,
piriqiT, me getyviT, Tu sasursaTo uwyeba, TiTon Cveni mTavroba,
yovelgvari sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi aseT mdgomareobaSi
CavayeneT da es sasursaTo anarqia savsebiT ar moispo, _ es badebs
spekuliaciis qsels, hqmnis sasursaTo politikis anarqias, usistemo­
bas, sasursaTo politikis anarqias erobaSi, saxalxo demokratiul
organizaciebSi, sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebSi.
me unda vsTqva, rom eroba iseT mdgomareobaSi aris Cayenebuli am
anarqiul mdgomareobis gamo, rom yovelgvar spekuliacias aWarbebs.
erobam iyida TfilisSi navTi 25 maneTad, imave erobam gayida es navTi
Tavis raionSi 60 maneTad. yovlad SeuZlebelia aseT saSinel procen­
tis mogeba mcire xnis ganmavlobaSi. meore erobam iyida Saqari, waiRo
Tavis alags, erobam erTi maneTi daado, mxolod kooperativma gadi­
tana da daado 27 man. amas me imisTvis ki ar vambob, rom erobam sazo­
gadod xeli aiRos sursaTis politikaze, SevbRalo igi, me imitom
vambob, rom Tu gvinda siwminde kooperaciisa davicvad, rom koopera­
tivma nayofi gamoiRos, amisTvis saWiroa mtkice organizaciis Seqmna,
saWiroa erTgvari disciplina.
rodesac sasursaTo uwyebaSi arsebobs disciplina, verc saer­
Tod saerobo, verc kooperaciis kultura zians ver moutans da aseT
demokratiul ideis gakotrebas ver miuZRvnis xalxs.
rom yvelaferi es Tavidan aviciloT, rom arc erobis, arc koop­
erativis ideia ar gavakotroT, amisTvis unda movawyoT mTliani sa­
sursaTo politika, mTeli sasursaTo saministro.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs eliavas.
n. eliava. (s.-d.) me mgonia batonebo, rom winandeli oratorebi
ufro mets mniSvnelobas aZleven am kanon-proeqts, vidre amasa aqvs
namdvilaT. Cven vuyurebT am kanon-proeqts, rogorc pirvel cdas
mTavrobisas, TiTon Caerios savaWro samrewvelo saqmeSi da miT
dagvanaxos ras SesZlebs is, an ras SesZlebs sazogadod am SemTxveva­
Si mTavrobis Careva. amitom me mgonia am sakiTxis dayeneba im formiT,
rogorc aq iyo, oratorebis mTeli erudiciis gamosaCenad ar iyo
saWiro dRes. mTavroba kisrulobs respublikis sameurneo saqmeSi
Carevas da mis mowesrigebis dawyebas. aseTi mniSvneloba aqvs Cvenis
azriT am kanon-proeqts. yvela daiteresebuli varT _ damfuZnebe­
li krebac, sazogadoebac, rom es didi saqme moewyos, _ da CvenTvis

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sruliad gaugebaria pirveli oratoris, krebis wevris asaTianis
SeniSvna da dava imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis unda gamoeCina iniciativa, da vin
unda yofiliyo saqmis iniciatori. ra iqneboda miuRebeli, rom rome­
lime didi mwvave sakiTxis dayeneba, komisiis iniciativiT momxdariyo.
Cven viciT, rom Cvens winaSe mTavrobis kanon-proeqti aris, mTavrobis
kanon-proeqtze vmsjelobT. aqedan erTi daskvna SeiZleba: mTavroba
Semodis gansazRvruli winadadebiT, da am Tavis kanon-proeqtis cx­
ovrebaSi gatarebas da pasuxis mgeblobas igi kisrulobs. dRes, rom
ise mdgariyo kiTxva Cvens winaSe, rom safinanso sabiujeto komisias
Semoqondes aseTi winadadeba mTavrobis survilis winaaRmdeg, maSin,
rasakvirvelia, Tqvens gamosvlas safuZveli eqneboda. maSin gvetyo­
diT: Cven vavalebT mTavrobas iseT rames rac ar unda, an rac ar Seu­
Zlian gaataros cxovrebaSi.
ra mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve imas, Tu ra formatis qaRaldze
daiwera es kanon-proeqti, bloknotisa Tu farTo qaRaldze, amaze
yuradRebis SeCereba mxolod zedmeti iyo da arc me gavagrZeleb
amaze sityvas. arsebiTad mTeli ganmarteba, krebis wevris asaTianis,
Seicavda mxolod erT debulebs: kargi savaWro balansi saWiroa da
sasargeblo. es yvelam icis. es iseTi truizmi aris, iseTi saanbano
WeSmaritebaa, rom me ver warmomidgenia, rom aq am krebaze, amis Ses­
axeb laparaki iyos saWiro. rasakvirvelia, iseTi respublika, iseTi
saxelmwifo, iseTi organizacia, romelsac naklebi gaaqvs da meti Se­
moaqvs da amiT vali edeba, ar aris karg mdgomareobaSi. aseTi mdgo­
mareoba ar aris xelsayreli. es aSkaraa, magram amaze laparaki, amaze
miTiTeba mTavrobisTvis, me mgonia, anbanis gameorebaa, da es gameo­
reba sruliad ar aris saWiro. rodesac aq gamodian da laparakoben
mTavrobis kanon-proeqtze da eubnebian, sistema unda gamonaxoTo,
saWiroa TviTon gviTxran Tu r sistemaa saWiro. aviRoT magaliTad
igive sasursaTo sabWo, romelic zogi oratorebis sityviT, umniS­
vnelo da sazaralo gamodga respublikisTvis. b. asaTianis sityvaSi
ar iyo moxsenebuli, Tu rogori sistema unda gvqondes, an ra cvli­
leba unda moaxdinon am saqmeSi respublikis sasargeblod. me mgonia,
yoveli damfuZnebeli krebis wevri marjvena mxridan valdebulia,
roca aseTi kiTxvis Sesaxeb gamobrZandeba aq, rame praqtikuli wina­
dadeba mogvces da ara iseTi zogadi frazebi, rogoric maT gamoaqvT
am tribunaze. isini yovelTvis, brZaneben imas, rom Cveni krebis um­
ravlesoba, miT umetes xelmZRvaneli fraqcia, ar varT saxelmwifo
saqmianobis fraqcia. isini brZaneben, rom Cven vaWroba-mrewveloba­
Si araviTari gamocdileba ara gvaqvs, da sxva. ai, roca eseni gamodi­
an, valdebuli arian Tavisi gamocdileba gamoitanon, da gviTxran,
ra vakeToT. magram maT ar gamoaqvT igi albad imitom, rom es gamoc­
dileba maTac naklebi aqvT; an da sazogadod obieqturi pirobebi
iseTia, rom es maTi gamocdileba aRar varga. sazogadod frazebi ki
savaWro da samrewvelo saqmeSi aravis arafers miscems. krebis wevri

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asaTiani, yuradRebas aqcevda imas, rom Cven saqoneli sazRvar gareT
iseTi maRal fasebSi ar gadis, rogorc sazRvar gareTidam Semotani­
li saqoneli. marTalia mas aq faqtebi ar mouyvania, magram me vendo­
bi da vcnob, rom es debuleba marTalia. Tqma imisi, rom es mTavrobis
braliao, an damfuZnebeli krebisa an kidev usistemobisa, SeuZlebe­
lia. arc erTis brali ar aris. es TiTon b. asaTianmac unda miiRos,
Tu moigonebs im saanbano WeSmaritebas, romelic man aq wamoayena.
saqonlis fasi ganisazRvreba sxva pirobebis garda, saqonlis
xmarebiTi RirebulebiT. xmarebiTi Rirebulebas didi mniSvneloba
aqvs, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxevaSi, roca saqoneli naklebia bazarze,
roca igi Zneli Semosatania, roca igi xdeba iSviaT nivTad, iseTi
xmarebiTi Rirebuleba fasis gadamwyvetia. Tu CvenSi Semodis iseTi
saqoneli, uromlisod cxovreba ar SegviZlian, Cven ki vawodebT iseT
saqonels, romelic maTTvis imdenad saWiro ar aris, _ rasakvirvelia
fasebis awev-dawevis siswore ar iqneba daculi. aba, gviCveneT ise­
Ti saqoneli, romelic CvenTvisac da imaTTvisac erTnairad saWiro
iyos, da fasebis ganwyobileba ki sxva gvari iyos. unda SemovitanoT
sazRvar gareTidan an naqsovi an wamlebi, romelic CvenTvis aucile­
beli saWiroa, _ rasakvirvelia imaTi fasebi aiwevs. garda amisa, didi
mniSvneloba aqvs im blokadas, romelic Cven gvaqvs Semotanili, da
yvelam icis, visTvisac moaqvT maT saqoneli. sxvaTa Soris, aq guSin
win iyo momxsenebeli, rom baTomSi da stambolSi grovdeba saqoneli
da Semdeg es saqoneli spekuliantebis xelSi gadadis da ara saxel­
mwifosi. vis SeuZlian am mdgomareobis Secvla? mxolod sazogado
dawesebulebebs da saxelmwifos saqmeSi Carevas. mxolod es gaaum­
jobesebs mdgomareobas. magram ra aris oci milioni maneTi amisTana
didi saqmisaTvis? amitom mogaxsenebdiT, rom sakiTxis gafarTove­
ba ar iyo saWiro, da arc im zogadis frazebis da rCevis micema, ro­
melsac aq hqonda adgili. me mogaxseneT, rom Cven ubralod uyurebT
am sakiTxs, aucilebelia da Cvenma mTavrobamac unda icnos, rom sa­
Wiroa misi sameurneo cxovrebaSi Careva. am saqmis mowesrigebisaTvis
Sromis gaweva. mTavrobis aseTs cdas vxedavT Cven im kanon-proeqt­
Si, romelic dRes aris warmodgenili. da amitom vuWerT mxars, Cven
vfiqrobT, rom es aris pirveli nabiji, am gzaze da am xarjis gawevis
momxreni varT. unda gvaxsovdes ki, rom es xarji ar aris Cveulebrivi
xarji, rogoric dRemdis gatarebula damfuZnebel krebaSi, rodesac
fuls mivcemT xolme mTavrobas da Semdeg igi ar dabrundeba ukan,
yovel SemTxvevaSi axlo momavalSi mainc ar brundeba. Cveulebrivi,
realuri RirebulebiT es 20 milioni maneTi ki gadadis mTavrobis
gankargulebaSi, rogorc sabrunebeli Tanxa. man an saqoneli unda
SeiZinos, an valiuta. es aris pirvel cda, da Tu ki es pirveli cda
mTavrobisa gamodgeba nayofieri, me darwmunebuli var, damfuZnebe­
li kreba SemdegSi moumatebs am xasiaTis kreditebs, da mTavrobas
mets saSualebas miscems rom am sferoSi gaafarTovos Tavisi moq­

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medeba. aq didi yuradRebas aqceven 2 da 3 punqtebs. unda mogaxsenoT,
rom am muxlebzed bevri laparaki gaugebrobiTaa gamowveuli; albaT
ar ician damfuZnebel krebis wevrebma, rom Cveni fraqciis mier ukve
Semotanilia Sesworeba, romelic moiTxovs, meore da mesame muxlebis
amoSlas. Cven moviTxovT amas Semdegi mosazrebiT: mTavrobas Semoa­
qvs gansazRvruli winadadeba, da ucxadebs damfuZnebel krebas, rom
is kisrulobs am saqmis warmoebas. es sakmarisia da laparaki imaze Tu
visi daxmarebiT, an vis SemweobiT awarmoebs igi saqmes, Cven migvaCnia
metad. miT umetesaT meti aris is debuleba, romelic ambobs, ai
amasTan da amasTan daviWire saqmeo. Tu mTavrobas uflebas miscemT
es saqme awarmovos, masve unda mieces ufleba saqme imasTan daiWiros,
visTanac TiTon dainaxavs saWiroT. es dekretic asea dawerili, aq ar­
aviTari SezRudva ar aris. Cven fraqciam yuradReba miaqcia am gare­
moebas da meore punqti metad miaCnia, da rodesac muxlobrivi gan­
xilva iqneba, igi Tavis mosazrebas warmoadgens.
meore debuleba, romelic sadavoT miaCnia, gaxlavT safinanso
komisiis monawileoba. principialurad es azri uarsayofi ar aris.
magram am SemTxvevaSi Cven ar migvaCnia saWirod eseTi TanamSromlo­
ba. marTlac es iseTi cocxali saqme aris, rom SeiZleba es oci mili­
oni gadasacvleli gaxdes an saqonelzed an fulze an sxva ram Rire­
bulebaze. da es SeiZleba ise saCqaroT moxdes, rom safinanso komisiam
verc moaxerxos Sekreba. raki mTavrobam ikisra es saqme, Cven gansaz­
Rvruli Tanxa mivceT da uTxraT, rom, man meti yuradReba miaqcios
sazogadoebriv organizaciebs, maT misces upiratesoba, magram Tu
iseTi mdgomareoba iqna, rom kerZo iniciativa ufro xelsayreli da
misaRebi iqneba mTavrobisTvis, nurc amas aukrZalavT, Tumca Cveni­
ca da damfuZnebel krebis umravlesobis, survilia, rom Tavis moR­
vaweobaSi mTavrobam kerZo iniciativas ar misces upiratesoba. am­
itom am debulebis Setana metad mimaCnia, radganac, SesaZlebelia
dRevandel pirobebSi es kerZo iniciativac gamoadges mTavrobas. am­
itom, Cven sruliad vxsniT im pirobebs, romelic zRudavs mTavrobas.
es Tanxa unda mieces mTavrobas, sruli misi pasuxismgeblobis qveS, da
awarmoos saqme ise, rogorc dainaxavs saWiroT.
am momentSi metad mimaCnia laparaki sasursaTo orgnizaciebze,
romelzedac aq laparakobden, nu SeudgebiT imaze laparaks, Tu ra­
nairad moRvaweobs sasursaTo sabWo, ranairad moRvaweobda sasur­
saTo saministro, romelic gvyvanda. (gobeCia: sainteresoa!) sain­
tereso gaxlavT albad, da amitom SeiZleba xval amazec vilaparakoT,
magram am momentSi sruliad ar aris saWiro. Tu xval davayenebT
sakiTxs sasursaTo saministroze, Tu rogor unda moewyos igi, Cven
azrs maSin mogaxsenebT, gamocdileba ukve gvaqvs: sasursaTo saminis­
tromac araferi mogvca. Cven vfiqrobT, rom dRevandel pirobebSi
sasursaTo saqmec da sazogadoT vaWroba-mrewvelobis saqmec unda
warmoebdes im kursiT, romelic cxovrebis gamocdilebam misca ara

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marto patara saqarTvelos, aramed mTel ganaTlebul qveynebs, ro­
melnic CaTreuli iyvnen omSi. me mogagonebT, rom TviT inglisi, ro­
melic yvelaze metad motrfiale iyo kerZo iniciativisa, isic iZule­
buli Seiqmna omis dros am iniciativisTvis iseTi adgili ar daeTmo,
rogorc wineT hqonda. dRes yvela saxelmwifoebrivi organizaciebi
iZulebuli arian TiTon mohkidon xeli am saqmesa. maT gverdSi unda
udgen upirveles yovlisa sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, magram
amaze laparaki axla metia da amiT vaTaveb. Cveni fraqciis saxeliT
mogaxsenebT, rom es xarji, mas misaRebaT miaCnia: mTavrobas krediti
unda gaexsnas da danarCeni yvela pirobebi unda moixsnas.
Tavmjdomare: sityva ekuTvnis finansTa ministrs.
finansTa ministri k. kandelaki. batonebo, ekonomiuri viTareba
dRes aramc Tu aseT norCs saxelmwifosi, rogorc saqarTveloa, ar­
amed Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, Zvel _ da Zriel saxelmwifoebSic, mTel
msoflioSi, iseTi aris, rom sul advilia am ekonomiuri mdgomareo­
bis kritika; da es kritika SeiZleba imdenad mkacri iyos, ramdenad
konkretiuli pirobebs cotad Tu bevrad mainc angariSs ar gauwevT,
Tu ase vsTqvaT principialur, teoretiul msjelobis sferoSi ga­
davalT. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom arc erTi dargi saxelmwi­
foebrivi cxovrebisa ise mWidrod gadanaskuli ar aris saerTaSor­
iso mdgomareobasTan, rogorc ekonomiuri politika sazogadoT, da
kerZoT finansiuri politika. saerTaSoriso ekonomuri mdgomareoba
imdenad cvalebadia, ramdenadac cvalebadia politikuri pirobebi;
amitom arsebul pirobebSi Zneli da SeuZlebeli aris praqtikuli
nabijebisTvis erTi garkveuli gegmis SemuSaveba. me ar Sevexebi im sxva
da sxva, marTlac, saWirboroto da mwvave sakiTxebs, romlis Sesaxeb
aq ilaparakes, da romelsac mWidro kavSiri ar hqonda im sakiTxTan,
romelic aq iyo dasmuli. me mxoloT minda Tqveni yuradReba mivaqcio
arsebobs Tu ara raime gegma sagareo vaWrobaSi. Tqven mogexsenebaT,
rom am ukanasknel dRemde Cven faqtiur blokadas ganvicdidiT. ram­
denime Tvis ganmavlobaSi, foTSi arc erTi gemi ar Semosula; maSa­
sadame, SegveZlo sagareo vaWroba gvewarmeobia mxolod maxlobel
saxelmwifoebTan, romlidanac mxolod erTs SeuZlian mogvces samagi­
ero saqoneli. da Tu cifrebs daukvirdebiT, dainaxavT, rom Cven am
saxelmwifosTan saqonlis gacvla-gamocvlac gvqonia, da SedarebiT,
saqonlis triali TvalsaCinoc yofila; es erTi. garda amisa, rode­
sac saxelmwifo TviT gamodis, rogorc faqtiuri mwarmoebeli saqon­
lis gacvla-gamocvlisa, aucileblad saWiroa, mas romelime meore
saxelmwifo hyavdes kontr-agentad, an aseT saxelmwifosTan savaWro
xelSekrulebebi mainc iyos dadebuli. samwuxaroT, dRes es advili
saqme ar aris da, piriqiT, saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, rogorc Tqvenc
Zalian kargad mogexsenebaT, metaT cvalebadia. iyo momenti, rodesac
Cven, samwuxaroT, ar SegveZlo aramc Tu saqonlis gagzavna ucxoeT­
Si, aramed xSirad gviWirda Tqven mier arCeuli pirebis da ubralo

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Sikrikebis gagzavnac ki iseTi siswrafiT, rogorc saWiro iyo. aseT
pirobebSi, SeuZlebeli iyo TviTon saxelmwifo Sesdgomoda saqonlis
damzadebas gansazRvrul gegmiT; saqonlis damzadebas savaWroT Tan
darTuli aqvs erTnairi xifaTi, erTnairi riski, rusebi, rom ityvian
xolme. saxelmwifos, rom mxedvelobaSi aeRo erTi kursi, mxedveloba­
Si hqonoda erTi saxelmwifo, erTi kuTxe da erTi saqoneli imis mixed­
viT daemzadebia, SeiZleboda didi zarali enaxa, Tu garemoeba Seicv­
leboda. amitom ara principis mixedviT, aramed im faqtiur pirobebis
mixedviT, romelic arsebobda, Cven iZulebuli viyaviT, saqonlis gacv­
la-gamocvla kerZo pirebisTvis dagveTmo. saqonlis gazidvis ufleba
maTTvis migveca im pirobiT, rom misi samagieroo saqoneli sxva da sxva
xaziT iqneboda motanili. magram esec aris aRsaniSnavi, rom es wesi
savsebiT mizans ver aRwevda, ver aRwevda imisTvis, rogorc Semotani­
li saqonlis batoni, ase gatanil saqonlis baton-patroni kerZo pirni
arian, romelnic TiTon aweseben fasebs; maT SeuZliaT gazidul saqo­
nelSi Tanabari saqoneli Semoitanon, magram saqonlis gadanawile­
baSi sakuTari SexedulebiT da Tavisufal fasebiT ixelmZRvanelon.
axla Tu SesaZlebelia TiTon saxelmwifom SeiZinos es saqoneli da
miawodos ucxoeTs, aucilebelia TiTon saxelmwifom aiRos es saqme.
ai azri kanon-proeqtis. aq Cven gviTxres: rodesac oci milioni mane­
Tis kanon-proeqtiT SemodixarT, aucilebeli saWiro aris, rom didi
ganmartebiTi baraTi, didi winasityvaoba iyoso warmodgenili. es
marTalia, magram Cven sruliad sadavoT ar migvaCnia is samiode mux­
li kanon-proeqtisa, romelSiac aRniSnulia, ra daniSnulebiT iTxovs
mTavroba am fuls, rom kanon-proeqti Tavis-Tavad ar naTelhyofdes
am saqmes. vsTqvaT, rom aqve gveTqva _ ai ama Tu im saqonlis gazidvas
vapirebT Tqo, konkretiulad Tambaqos gazidvas; Cven, Cveni sityva
gvaiZulebs, rom SevasruloT es piroba, magram mdgomareobis mixed­
viT SesaZlebelia Tambaqos magivraT Savi qvis gazidva dagvWirdes,
amitom me dasaxeleba danamdvilebiT, ra saqonels gavgzavniT, ra saq­
onels Cven adgilobriv davamzadebT, mouxerxebelia. erT da imave mi­
zans emsaxureba _ ucxo valiutas SeviZenT Tu sxva da sxva saqonels
davamzadebT, radganac zogierTi dargi saqonlisa axla igive valiu­
ta aris CvenTvis.
dRevandeli pirobebi metad cvalebadi pirobebia da cifre­
biT dasabuTeba da yvelafris gaTvaliswineba yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia imisTvis, rom TviT Cveni kontr-argumentebi sargebloben Cveni
garemoebiT da TviT scvlian xolme pirobebs. garda amisa TviT oci
milioni, samwuxaroT, dRevandel kursis mixedviT, dRevandel saqon­
lis fasebis mixedviT, ar aris Zalian didi. es erTi gemis saqonlis
safasuria. Tqven mogaxseneT, rom erTi gemi ukve movida, romelic
Cvenma warmomadgenelma londonidan gamogzavna, da romelic Cven-
ma warmomadgenelma londonidan gamogzavna, da romelic nawilad
daitvirTa da nawilad ukve itvirTeba, gamogzavnil saqonlis ma­

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givraT Cvenebur saqonlis gasagzavnaT. garda amisa, Cveni warmomad­
genlebi ukve arian wasulni baTomSi da saqonels vRebulobT. erTi
gemic, Cveni cnobebiT, kidev modis Cveni warmomadgenlisagan gamog­
zavnili. amnairaT, 20 milioni, saqonlis fasebTan SedarebiT, iseTi
mcire Tanxa aris, rom Cven konkretul moTxovnilebebsac ver davak­
mayofilebT, romelic dResdReobiT Cvena gvaqvs. didi politikis
warmoeba sagareo vaWrobis mowyobaSi im principiT, romelsac Seexo
niko eliava, Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, rom 20 milioniT yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia. magram es aris erTi nabiji Sesavseblad im naklisa, romel­
ic sagareo vaWrobaSi, gacvla-gamocvlaSi, CvenSi dRemdis arsebob­
da; amisTvis Cven vTxovT damfuZnebel krebas es mciredi Tanxa, im did
moTxovnilebasTan SedarebiT, romelic arsebobs, dResve iqnes miRe­
buli. rac Seexeba im konkretul sakiTxs, im muxlebs, romlis Sesaxeb
aq iyo laparaki piradad me araferi sawinaaRmdego ara maqvs, Tu es
Sesworebebi Semotanili iqneba. magram is mosazreba, romliTac Cven
vxelmZRvanelobdiT kanon-proeqtis Sedgenis dros iyo mainc safuZ­
vliani. imisTvis, rom dRevandel pirobebSi yovlad SeuZlebelia,
rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi Cven ar dagvWirdes gamoyeneba ara marto
sazogadoebrivi, aramed kerZo aparatisac. sanam arsebobs dRevande­
li wyobileba, sanam sxva principzed ar gadavsulvarT, ar SegviZlia
kerZo aparats sul gverdi avaridoT, radgan texnika keZo da sazoga­
do dawesebulebebisa jer-jerobiT ufro mowyobilia, vidre axali
Cveni dawesebulebebis. es sruliad imas ar niSnavs, rom Cven SeuTanx­
mdebiT imas, rac konkretul pirobebSi ar iqneba CvenTvis xelsayre­
li da misaRebi. SeuZlebelia exla msjeloba imazed ra pirobebiT
Cven SevekvrebiT sxva da sxva dawesebulebebs, magram principial­
urad uaryofa imisa, rom dRevandel pirobebSi uari unda vsTqvaT
kerZo dawesebulebebis gamoyenebaze, Cvenis fiqriT miuRebeli aris.
am mosazrebiT Cven Segvqonda Sesaferi muxli kanon-proeqtSi, xolo
Tu ra pirobebSi mivcemdiT, _ Tavis fasebiT gahyididnen saqonels,
Tu im fasebSi, rasac mTavroba daadgenda, _ es gamoirkvevoda im xe­
lSekrulebebSi, romelsac Cven daudebdiT. CemTvis xSirad uTqvamT
ucxoel warmomadgenlebs: kerZo dawesebulebaTa Soris ufro sasur­
velaT migvaCnia xelSekrulebis dadeba; dagvisaxeleT bankebis kon­
sorciumi, Cvenc davasaxelebT iqaur konsorciums da isini advilad
awarmoeben urTierT Soris saqonlis gacvla-gamocvlaso. rasak­
virvelia, SesaZlebelia iqauri konsorciumebi spekulaciiT xelm­
ZRvanelobden, SeiZleba iqauric ar iqmnes amis winaaRmdegi, magram
SeuZlebelia amisTvis principialurad uarvyoT is, rom aseT dawe­
sebulebebs SeuZlia jer-jerobiT didi sargeblobis motana am saqme­
Si. rasakvirvelia, didi sifrTxiliT unda iyos gamoyenebuli kerZo
aparati, yovelive unda iyos gamorkveuli, magram es gamorkveva maSin
moxdeba, rodesac konkretiuli xelSekrulebebi daideba. aseTia Cve­
ni Sexeduleba, mgram, rogorc mogaxseneT, principialurad, me pira­

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daT ar var winaaRmdegi, rom es ori muxli iyos gamotovebuli, Tu
aseTia Tqveni survili.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva? momxseneblis daskvna.
TofuriZe. (s.-d.) erTob Znelia kaleidoskopuraT warmodegnil
frazebze pasuxis gacema. me swored amas ver vikisreb. bevri ram iTqva,
rac ar exeboda SoreulaTac saqmes da razedac dRes dReobiT lapara­
ki zedmetia. me upirvelesad yovlisa Sevexebi faqtiur mxares. aq b-n
asaTians, romelic TiTon wevria sabiujeto-safinanso komisiisa da
sWiria iseT azrebis warmoTqma, romlebis winaswar gacnoba SeeZlo
mas da imnairad SeeZlo, rom mas TqvenTvis dro ar daekargvinebina.
es dekreti aq Tqvens winaSe ar aris wamoyenebuli safinanso-sabiu­
jeto komisiisagan, rogorc amas amtkicebda is oratori, romelic
aq laparakobda. es dekreti aris mTavrobisa da misgan aris aq war­
modgenili. es dekreti aris miRebuli sabiujeto-safinanso komisi­
isagan. ministrs surda am dekretis rac SeiZleba swrafaT gatareba
da am miznis miRwevis gza aseTia: safinaso-sabiujeto komisias aqvs
ufleba iniciativis da amitom pirvelad ministrma komisiasTan Se­
TanxmebiT am gzas daadga, rogorc aseTi magaliTs ara erTjer hqonia
adgili ministrTan SeTanxmebiT, sabiujeto-safinanso komisiam ikis­
ra kanon-proeqtis Tavis saxeliT warmodgena damfuZnebel krebaSi, es
dekreti pirvelad moxsnil iqmna aq da dRes ki es dekreti aris Semo­
tanili mTavrobisagan. amnairad es kanon-proeqti aris saministroSi
Sedgenili, mTavrobisgan da safinanso-sabiujeto komisiisagan miRe­
buli. es unda codnoda da am faqtis gacnoba mainc SeeZlo b-n asaTians,
vidre aq gamobrZandeboda, radganac is aris wevri safinanso-sabiuje­
to komisiisa. yvela es, Tu ar vscdebi, icis b-nma asaTianma, romelic
guSin daeswro sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis sxdomas, sadac amaze
iyo konkretiulad laparaki da amnairad is, rac aq ilaparaka, me mgo­
nia, rom es ubralo drois dakargva iyo da samwuxaroT b-nma asaTianma
krebas Zvirfasi dro daakargvia. amnairad kiTxvis es mxare aSkaraa da
martivia da amazed laparaki metia.
aq iyo laparaki saqonlis gacvla-gamocvlis Sesaxeb. ukvirs b-n
asaTians, ratom Rebulobs Tavis Tavze sabiujeto-safinanso komisia
aseT kanon-proeqtis Semotanas, rodesac arsebobs mTeli rigi uwyeba
da arsebobs iseTi komiteti, rogoric aris saqonlis gacvla-gamocv­
lis komiteti. sabiujeto-safinanso komisiam Seasrula mxolod Tavi­
si namdvili movaleoba da mas zedmeti dro ar daukargavs. esec me mgo­
nia advili gasagebia da asaTianma es icis, da amazed me mgonia zedmetia
laparaki, magram aq erTi Zalian makvirvebs: raT SeukavSira orator­
ma am kanons WiaTuris mrewveloba? WiaTuris mrewveloba, rac unda
saintereso iyos b-ni asaTianisTvis da damfuZnebeli krebisaTvis, aq
is mosatani mainc ar iyo, radganac mas kavSiri ara aqvs kanon-proeq­
tTan. Semdeg soc. revoliucionerTa fraqciis warmomadgenelma bev­
ri iseTi ram warmosTqva, romlis erTi meoresTan SeTanxmeba erTob

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Znelia. ra winaaRmdegobaa bonebis fasis dacemis da am dekretis So­
ris, romlis ZaliT Cven gvsurs mTavrobas mivceT oci milioni. me ar
maxsovs agreTve rodis mivceT mTavrobas ormoci milioni. pirvelad
aris, rom mTavrobas 20 milions vaZlevT saqonelis SesaZenaT gansaz­
Rvrul pirobebiT. man unda moawyos saqonlis Sesyidvis saqme da rac
mets saqonels gavzidavT CvenTvis ukeTesia. es Cveni bonebis kurss as­
wevs da sxva da sxva. samwuxaroT rac gvaqvs is rigian pirobebSi unda
SeviZinoT da movagrovoT. gasazidavi saqoneli bevri ar mogvepoveba.
ai swored es, rom moewyos, ase Tu ise mowesrigdes, saWiroa mivceT
mTavrobas oci milioni maneTi, romelic udris Zveli drois ramoden­
ime as aTas maneTs. Semdeg aq eserebis warmomadgenelma brZana, _ vai
Tu mTavrobam kerZo pirebTan iseTive cudi pirobebi Sekras, rogorc
es adre xdeboda da aman gamoiwvios spekulaciao. ai amaze ras mogax­
senebT. es rasakvirvelia SeasZlebelia. borot-moqmedeba yovelTvis
mosalodnelia. aseT SemTxvevebs hqonda alagi da Cven gvqonia xSirad
am moqmedebebze laparaki. bevri xelSekruleba cudaT iyo Sedgeni­
li Cvenis azriT, zogierT maTgans, borot-moqmedebiTi xasiaTi hqon­
da. es iyo warsulSi, da Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom aseTs saqmes, aseT xe­
lSekrulebas adgili ar eqneba momavalSi. maSin Cven kritikis TvaliT
vuyurebdiT im uwyebis moqmedebas, sadac aseTi cudi xelSekrulebebi
iwereboda. dRes Tqveni fraqcia albad Tvalyurs adevnebs mTavro­
bis nabijebs da saziano nabijs Tqveni fraqcia miaqcevs yuradRebas.
Semdeg aq iyo warmodgenili b-n Rlontisagan erTi mosazreba: _ iman
sTqva aRvadginoT iseve sasursaTo saministro da maSin valiutac
gveqneba da sursaTico. me aseT mniSvnelobas ver mivscem am saminis­
tros aRdgenas.
ai rodesac is fraqcia, romlis warmomadgenelma warmoadgina
aseTi azri, daasabuTebs am azrs da daamtkicebs jadosnur mniSvne­
lobas saministros daarsebisas, maSin am kiTxvaze gveqneba msjelo­
ba, jer jerobiT es ar aris dasabuTebuli. magram isic unda mogax­
senoT, rom sanam daarsdebodes aseTi saministro, Cven raRac sxva
zomebi unda miviRoT: Cven ar SegviZlia cda sanam saministro daars­
debodes, romelzedac brZana b-n Rlontma, Cven ver daucdiT, exlave
unda SeudgeT Cvens saqmes. me mgonia, rom mainc da mainc arsebiTad
araferi winaaRmdegoba ar gamouwvevia am dekrets, Tumca b-n asaTian­
ma bevri dro moandoma, rom daemtkicebina, viTom es dekreti aq Seu­
sabamo gziT Semovida, mainc sabolooT imanac scno, rom es dekreti
misaRebi aris. radganac aravis arsebiTad winaaRmdegoba ar gauwevia
da winaaRmdeg seriozuli motivebi ar warmoudgeniaT, me davubrun­
debi isev Cven winadadebas da nebas mivscem Cems Tavs gTxovoT, is Tqven
daadasturoT.
Tavmjdomare: aris vinme Tu ara winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv gan­
xilvaze gadavideT? aravin. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
TofuriZe: (kiTxulobs)

214
 Tavmjdomare: pirveli muxli miRebulia. gTxovT wai­kiTxoT meore
muxli.
TofuriZe. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. winadadebaa soc.-demokratiuli fraqciis mier _ es
muxli amoiSalos. sityva ekuTvnis WavWaniZes.
WavWaniZe. soc.-dem. fraqciis azriT es muxli sruliad metia
vinaidan igi ufro aris politikis sakiTxi da ara kanonmdeblobis.
rogorc mTavroba saukeTesod dainaxavs ise moawyobs, Tu misi azriT
sazogadoeba, eroba sjobia _ imas miandobs, Tu kerZo pirebi sjobia,
kerZo pirebs miandobs, Tu saWiro iqneba TiTon aiRebs da amasTanave
pasuxismgebeli TiTon iqneba damfuZnebel krebis winaSe ise, rogorc
sxva Tavis nabijebSi. ai am muxlis Sesaxeb, fraqcia fiqrobs, rom unda
iyos amoSlili es muxli. amasve fiqrobs mesame...
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, marto meoreze vlaparakob. momxseneb­
lis daskvna am muxlis Sesaxeb.
momxsenebeli. radganac arsebiTad arafers scvlis me winaaRm­
degi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom es muxli amoSlili iyos?
es muxli amoSlili gaxlavT, dekreti miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias.
Tavmjdomare: Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ mTavari

sabaJos sam­m arTvelos da foTisa da suxumis sabaJoebis
gadidebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri d. SaraSiZe, vTxov momxsenebels (xmebi:

ar aris) me Zalian bodiSs vixdi, umorCilesad vTxov komisiebs, rode­
sac daavalebs vismes moxsenebis gakeTebas, windawin gaafrTxilos da
miiRos zomebi, rom aseT mdgomareobaSi ar Caayenos prezidiumi. Sem­
degi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis

mier dakargul bargisa da barg-saqonlis misacem fasis
gadidebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri WavWaniZe

WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) moqlaqeno! mogexsenebaT, rom mgzavrebi, dakar­
gul, gamogzavnil rkinis gziT, bargebSi, Tu es bargi daikarga, aiRebs
erTgvar anazRaurebas am dakargul bargidan. raodenoba am anazRu­
rebisa iyo gansazRvruli imisdamixedviT, Tu romeli klasiT miemg­

215
zavreboda mgzavri. Tu pirvel klasiT miemgzavreboda, dakargul
bagaJSi is miiRebda sam maneTs girvanqaSi, meore klasiT _ 2 maneTs,
mesame klasiT erT girvanqaSi erT maneTs. dRes es Tanxa anazRaure­
bisa Zalian mciredia, radganac Zneli mosanaxia iseTi saqoneli, rom­
lis Rirebuleba girvanqisa erT maneTad ganisazRvrebodes. aseT
pirobebSi TviT imasac ki, vinc miyveba vagons, Tu is, mainca da mainc
keTilsindiieri kaci ar aris, SeuZlian TiTon waiRos es saqoneli, mi­
isakuTros da Semdeg erTi maneTi gadaixados da isic im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu mTeli mTavroba an sasamarTlo SesZlebs imis damtkicebas, rom es
bargi daikarga imis mizeziT. Tu es ar moxda, Tavis Tavad cxadia, vag­
onis mxlebeli sruliad Tavisufalia yovelgvar pasuxismgeblobisa­
gan am mxriv.
amitom mgzavrs eSinia misces Tavisi bagaJi rkinis gzis sadgurs,
mgzavrebi Zalian frTxilaT arian da ar gzavnian Tavis bargs, rogorc
bagaJs, radganac Zalian xSirad dakargula es bargi da kidevac kar­
gaven, sworeT amiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom samgzavro vagoni warmoadgens
sabargo vagons. warmoidgineT, midis mgzavri da Tavisi barg-barxana
Tan miaqvs da vagonSi dasajdomi adgili ar moipoveba. rom es mdgo­
mareoba gaumjobesdes, rom pasuxismgebloba gaizardos imisa, vinc am
sabargo vagons miyveba, rom eSinodes am saqonlis dakagvisa, rom es mis
daudevrobiT CaiTvalos da ufro didi pasuxismebloba daedos, ami­
tom rkinis gzis uwyebam saWirod dainaxa, rom asanazRaurebeli Tanxa
gadidebuli iyos. amisdamixedviT safinans-sabiujeto da gzaTa komis­
ia dainetresebulni arian im saSualebiT, romelic warmodgenilia,
rogorc droebiTi zoma da winadadebas iZlevian, rom miRebul iqnes
es kanon-proeqti gzaTa uwyebis mier Semotanili.
Tavmjdomare: vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze
gadavideT? aravin, maSasadame, kanon-proeqti saTanado vadis Semdeg
daubrundeba meore ganxilvas.
meti araferi ar aris dRiur wesrigSi. exla moismineT dRiuri
wesrigi Semdegi sxdomisa.
mdivani: (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. amas daemateba kanon-proeqti, romelic momxseneb­
lis ar mosvlis gamo gadaido. sagangebo sxdoma daniSnulia kviras 12
saaTze. krebas vxurav.
sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

216
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocda mecxre sxdoma

kvira. ivnisis, 22. 1919 weli. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 7 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. sagangebo sxdoma gaxsnili aris. rogorc mogexsene­
baT dRevandel sxdomaze damfuZnebel krebas sabolo gansaxilvelad
aqvs proeqti im xelSekrulebisa, romelic daido azerbeijanis res­
publikis mTavrobisa da saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Soris.
momxsenebli gaxlavT krebis wevri simon mdivani
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebls.

simon mdivnis sityva

(momxsenebeli)

damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! gareSe saqmeTa komisiis da iuridi­

ul komisiis davalebiT, unda mogaxsenoT is xelSekruleba, romelic
dadebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis da azerbeijanis mTavrobis mier.
es xelSekruleba aris pirveli nabiji, gadadgmuli im miznebisken, ro­
melsac emsaxureba saqarTvelos respublika dRidan misi daarsebisa.

217
Tqven kargad gexsomebaT is sityvebi, romliTac mimarTa saqarTvelos
erovnul sabWos Tavmjdomarem karlo CxeiZem pirvel Tavis sityvaSi
erovnul sabWoSi. Cveni sagareo politikis umTavresi mizania keTil­
ganwyobileba mezobel erebTan. Cveni cda is iqneba, rom araviTar
militaristul avantiuraSi Cven ar CavagdoT Cveni qveyana. SevqmnaT
demokratiuli kavSiri yvela im erebTan, romelnic Cven gverdiT mo­
saxleoben da romlebTanac Cven istoriulad da momavalSiac erT gziT
svla dagvWirdeba. ai es iyo ZiriTadi principi, romliTac Cveni mTav­
roba xelmZRvanelobda da am principis ganxorcieleba mudmivi saz­
runavi iyo. Tqven iciT kargad, rom nabiji am azris gansaxorcieleblad
gadadgmuli iyo jer kidev enkenisTveSi: mTavrobam mihmarTa mowodeb­
iT mezobel erebs da mouwoda maT konferenciisTvis. magram es konfer­
encia maSin ar Sesdga. yovel SemTxvevaSi amis damabrkolebeli mizezi
saqarTvelos respublikis gareSe iyo. Semdeg, miuxedavad am mowodebi­
sa, miuxedavad aseT gulwrfel survilisa, Cven ganvicadeT omi somx­
ebTan, am omma naTeli hyo yvelasaTvis, rom erTad-erTi gza cxov­rebis
mowyobisa, damoukideblobis ganmtkicebisa aris is gza, romlisken ise
daJinebiT mouwodebda mezoblebs saqarTvelos respublika. xsenebu­
li konferencia Sesdga kidec aprilSi da aq gamocxaddnen amier-ka­
vkasiis farglebSi mcxovrebi yvela erebi, agreTve warmomadgenelni
CrdiloeT-kavkasiis respublikisa. magram jer kidev dausrulebelia
muSaoba am konferenciisa, jer kidev aris sakiTxebi gamourkveveli,
jer kidev mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa ekonomiuri da sxva imgvari, daum­
Tavrebelia. magram am dros wamoiWra CrdiloeTis safrTxe da am Crdi­
loeTis reaqciam da safrTxem daaCqara is aqti, romelic isedac unda
momxdariyo. es iyo erTgvari sababi im movlenisa, romelsac safuZveli
warsulSi aqvs da am safuZvelma mogvca saSualeba, rom es xelSekrule­
ba dadebuli yofiliyo. da am xelSekrulebis principia ZalTa gaer­
Tianeba, suverenobis SenarCuneba, uflebebis dacva _ erTi mTliani
kavSiris Seqmna. am kavSirs aqvs, rasakvirvelia, erTi nakli da es nak­
lic Cven ZalTa gareSe aris: xelSekrulobaSi ar iRebs monawileobas
mesame respublika amier-kavkasiisa _ somxeTi. Cveni cda mudmiv is aris,
rom politikurad somxeTi midiodes im gziT, ra gziTac midioda yov­
elTvis saqarTvelos demokratia. saqarTvelos demokratiis mizani
iyo uwinares yovlisa, damyareba Tavis sakuTar Zalaze da Semdeg gaer­
Tianebul Zalaze, SekavSireba mezobel demokratiasTan.
magram Cvenda saubedurod, unda aRviaroT, rom somxeTis xalx­
is xelmZRvanelebi sul sxva gezs, politikas awarmoeben. uwinares
yovlisa maT imedi aqvT gareSe Zalisa. am politikidan gamomdinareobs
yoveli damokidebuleba, rogorc mezobel ise sxva erebTan. es poli­
tikuri gezi CvenTvis miuRebelia. visac SeTvisebuli aqvs saqarTve­
los demokratiis mier aRiarebuli politika, isini ukve arian aq, am
xelSekrulobaSi. magram somxeTis xelmZRvanelebi jer kidev CvenTan
ar arian. me ar minda amiT vsTqva, rom somxeTis demokratia mudmiv am

218
niadagze darCeba. aSkaraa yvelasaTvis, rom Tu dRes ara, axlo moma­
valSi mainc gaigebs somxeTis xalxi, rom misi xelmZRvanelebi ar arian
gamomxatvelni saerTaSoriso demokratiis idealebisa, da rodesac
amas mixvdeba TviT xalxi _ sakiTxi sxvanairad gadaiWreba da gveqneba
is kavSiri, romlisTvisac am xelSekrulebaSi aqvs datovebuli adgi­
li. dRes ki Tu es adgili carielia, momavalSi mainc igi Seivseba da aq
vixilavT somxeTis respublikis xelmoweras.
CvenTvis am xelSekrulebas erTi mniSvnelobac aqvs. yoveldRe
Savi yornebi Tavs dagvtrialeben da dagvCxavian _ arc saqarTvelos,
arc azerbeijans damoukideblad ar SeuZlian cxovrebao. es aris
leit-motivi burJuaziul gazeTebisa sazRvar-garedan: _ Cven ar gva­
qvs unari Sinauri cxovreba movawyoT, ar gvaqvs saSualeba da SeZleba
keTili urTierToba erTmaneTTan davamyaroT da Tu baton-patroni
ar gagviCnda droze, amier-kavkasia iqneba meore balkaneTi, romlis
cecxli SeiZleba kidev xelmeored moedos evropaso. magram es sabu­
Ti, es xelSekruleba utyuari mowmea aris imis, rom Cven demokratias
da azerbeijanis demokratias SeuZlianT mowesrigeba Tavis saqmeebis
sxvis daukiTxavad, sxvis dauxmarebliv. am xelSekrulebiT Cven vaiZu­
lebT yvelas vinc ki aqamde Cvendami mtrulad aris ganwyobili, sTqvas
_ erTi welia rac Tavisufali respublikebi daarsda da ukve faqtia
is SeTanxmeba, raic Cveni simwifis maCvenebelia. TviT xalxma aiRo Za­
la-ufleba xelSi da am xalxma igrZno Tavisi Tavi da ixila Tavisi saxe.
am xelSekrulebas aqvs Semdeg is mniSvnelobac, rom is ar waagavs
arc erT xelSekrulebas, romelic dRevandlamde yofila dadebuli:
Tqven kargad iciT, yovel xelSekrulebas, yovel kavSirs SeTanxmebi­
sas Zvelad hqonda safuZvlad agresiuli miznebi, ara Tavdacva, ara
teritoriuli xeluxlebloba, aramed Tavdasxma iyo maTi mizani. es
xelSekruleba ki uwinares yovlisa Tvis miznad isaxavs dacvas damou­
kideblobiss, xeluxleblobas Tavis teritoriisas. magram rodesac
Cven am xelSekrulebaze vlaparakobT, ar unda dagavviwydes, rom igi
ar hgulisxmobs teritorialur konfliqtebs, romelic mosalod­
nelia moxdes amierkavkasiis sxva da sxva saxelmwifos Soris, vinaidan
jer teritorialuri gadamijvna amier-kavkasiaSi ar momxdara, magram
kerZod saqarTvelos da azerbeijanis respublikaTa Soris es sakiTxi
ukve gadaWrilia, da es aris kidev erTi uaRresi mniSvneloba am xe­
lSekrulobisa. aq aris aRniSnuli, rom teritorialuri dava, ro­
melic am or saxelmwifoTa Soris SeiZleba astydes, unda gadawydes
SeTanxmebiT; Tu es SeTanxmeba ar moxda _ maSin aris arbitaJi da am
arbitaJis dadgenileba savaldebuloa orive respublikisaTvis. amiT
erTi nabiji gadadgmulia gaerTianebisaken da erTi ekonomiur kav­
Siris Seqmnisaken.
dRes yvelas mopyrobili aqvs Tvali parizis konferenciaze. naw­
ili sazogadoebisa moelis, rom parizis konferencia miscems yvela
sakiTxze gadaWril pasuxs. Tu es marTlia, Tu am mcire nawilis molo­

219
dini gamarTldeba, am SemTxvevisTvisac gvaqvs am xelSekrulebaSi
muxli, romelic avalebs rogorc erT respublikis diplomatias, ise
meore respublikis diplomatias _ saerTo gamosvlas, saerTo moq­
medebas da saerTo ZaliT dacvas damoukideblobisa da teritorial­
ur xelSeuxeblobisa da Tu moxda parizis konferenciis mier raime
sakiTxebis gadawyveta, ar mgona parizis konferenciam amas angariSi
ar gauwios da or mezobel xalxis survili ar miiRos sakiTxis gadaW­
ris dros aucilebel motivad.
magram garda parizis konferenciisa Cven gvaqvs saqme agredve
evropis demokratiasTan, im demokratiasTan, romelic jerjerobiT
korektivia parizis konferenciisa, momavali ki am demokratiisa da
am demokratiasac es xelSekruleba eqneba umniSvnelovanes aqtad, ro­
melic miiyvans masTan, evropis demokratiasTan saqarTvelos da azer­
beijanis demokratias.
am SeTanxmebas aqvs vada da da am vadis ganmavlobaSi, rom moxdes
Tavdasxma mesame saxelmwifosi, im dros rodesac ori SeTanxmebuli
saxelmwifo Tavs icavs, icavs damoukdeblobas da teritorialur xe­
lSeuxeblobas. am xelSekrulebis ZaliT, is saxelmwifo, roelic aseT
pirobebSi Tavs daesxmis erT-erT mokavSire saxelmwifos, _ igi iqne­
ba miCneuli saerTo mtrad da masTan separatiuli zavis Sekvra Seu­
Zlebeli iqneba. SeuZlebebli iqneba am xelSekrulebis ZaliT agredve
raime samxedro konvenciis Seqmna mesame, gareSe saxelmwifosTan, Tu
winaswar SeTanxmeba ar moxda azerbeijansa da saqarTvelos Soris.
Cveni mTavroba ar Seasrulebda Tavis misias, rom am xelSekrule­
baSi ar egulisxmebina, Tumca Znelad dRevandel pirobebSi gansaxor­
cielebeli, magram mainc didi azri xalxTa ligis Seqmnisa, da rodesac
am SeTanxmebis saxelmwifo Seva xalxTa ligaSi, gadaiqceva mis wevrad
da miaRwevs im mizans, xalxTa ligas, rom aqvs dasaxuli, ese igi dacva
yovel eris, yvela eris damoukideblobisa _ maSin es xelSekruleba
Tavis Tavad ispoba, vinaidan ufro didi mfarveli da patroni wvril
erebisa nagulisxmevia TviT xalxTa ligis mier.
am rigad mTeli rigi mTavar sakiTxebis ukve gadawyvetil­
ia. momavalSi daismeba meore da mesame rigis sakiTxebi, rogoric
aris ekonomiuri da finansiuri. da es iqneba Sinaarsi momavali xe­
lSekrulebebisa.
rogorc TavSi mogaxseneT, aris erTi muxli, romelic Seexeba
somxebis respublikas. Cven viciT is samwuxaro nabiji, romelic ga­
dadga somxeTis delegaciam amier-kavkasiis konferenciaze. rodesac
safrTxe CrdiloeTis reaqciisa win wamoiWra da moiTxovda amier-ka­
vkasiis respublikebisagan gadaWril pasuxs moiTxovda, rom Tvi­
Teul ers gamoemJRavnebina Tavisi neba da Tvisi daJinebiTi survili:
daicvas Tvisi Tavi da aravis misces neba ZaliT Caerios mis saqmeSi,
_ am dros somxeTis delegaciis wevrebma uari gamoacxades amgvar ga­
mosvlaze. magram, rogorc TavSi mogaxseneT, saqarTvelos mTavrobas

220
dResac swams, rom somxeTis xalxi am xelSekrulebaSi monawileobas
miiRebs adre Tu gvian, da rom es ufleba somxis ers hqondes, amisTvis
am xelSekrulebaSi saTanado muxlia Setanili. am muxliT ideba vada,
ori kviris vada da maT eZlevaT saSualeba miiRon es xelSekruleba
asasruleblad.
amnairad daido es xelSekruleba. am xelSekrulebas araviTari
saidumloebis beWedi ar azis. es aris gulaxdili, megobruli, Zmuri
da demokratiuli SeTanxmeba ori erisa. da Tu mesame eric SeurTde­
ba am xelSekrulebas, miRweuli iqneba is ideali, romlisTvisac mTe­
li demokratia ibrZvis, rasakvirvelia, am xelSekrulebas araviTari
Zaldataneba, simpatia an antipatia ar axasiaTebs, araviTari sxva ori­
entacia amas safuZvlad ar udevs. saqarTvelos demokratiisTvis da
azerbeijanis demokratiisTvis saWiro aris mxolod erTi ram: misi
damoukideblobis dacva da misi teritoriis xelSeuxebloba. da Tu
am mizans orive demokratia miaxwevs _ es iqneba misi gamarjveba da aq
adgili ar eqneba araviTar orientacias, mesame Zalaze imedebis dam­
yarebas. es xelSekruleba ganxiluli iyo gareSe saqmeTa da iuridiul
komisiis mier. Cven ganvixileT agreTve rwmunebulis qaRaldebi da
vcaniT isini sworad. amis da mixedviT es xelSekruleba gareSe saqme­
Ta komisiam ganixila da winadadebas aZlevs damfuZnebel krebas dam­
tkicebuli iqnes es xelSekruleba.
TviT teqsti am xelSekrulobisa aseTi aris. (kiTxulobs).

saqarTvelos da azerbeijanis Soris dadebul

xelSekrulebis teqsti

saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba erTis mxriT, warmodgenili

gareSe saqmeTa ministris gegeWkoris, samxedro da Sinagan saqmeTa min­
istris ramiSvilis, samxedro ministris amxanagis general gedevaniS­
vilis samxedro sabWos wevris general odiSeliZisagan.
da azerbeijanis respublikis mTavroba meore mxriT, warmodgeni­
li sagareo saqmeTa ministris jafarovis, samxedro ministris mexman­
darovis, da generalur Stabis ufrosis general sulkeviCisagan,
gaecnen ra rwmunebulebas da scnes igi saTanado formiT da saxiT
Sedgenilad,
im seriozul safrTxis gamo, romelic moelis amier-kavkasiis re­
spublikaTa damoukideblobas, dasdves SeTanxmeba ese Semdeg safuZ­
velze:
1. am SeTanxmebis damdebi saxelmwifoni valdebulni arian er­
Tad gamovidnen yvela Tavis SeiaraRebul ZalebiT da samxedro sa­
SualebiT yovelgvar Tavdasxmis winaaRmdeg, romelic emuqreba Se­
Tanxmebis monawile erTs an orTave respublikaTa damoukideblobas
an teritoriul xelSeuxeblobas.

221
 SeniSvna: paragrafi ese ar vrceldeba konfliqtebze, rome­lic SesaZloa
astydes sazRvrebis gamo amier-kavkasiis respublikaTa teritoriis jer
kidev daumTavrebel gadamijvnis niadagze.

2. ukeTu romelime mezobel saxelmwifo, ukve dawyebul, pirvel

paragrafiT nagulisxmev, samxedro moqmedebis dros Tavs daesxmis
erTs an orive mokavSires sazRvris gamo davis iaraRiT gadaWris
mizniT, aseTi saxelmwifo meomar mxareT CaiTvleba.
3. am SeTanxmebas aqvs martooden TavdacviTi xasiaTi da ukeTu
erTi mxareTagani Tavis iniciativiT _ winaswar SeuTanxmeblad, oms
gamoacxadebs an samxedro moqmedebas daiwyebs, am SeTanxmebis damdebi
meore mxare valdebuli ar aris monawileoba miiRos am samxedro mo­
qmedebaSi.
4. am SeTanxmebis damdebi mxareni valdebulni arian yoveli uTan­
xmoeba, romelic SesaZloa Camovardes maT Soris sazRvrebis gamo,
SeTanxmebiT an arbitraJis saSualebiT, gadaswyviton da es gad­
awyvetileba unda miCneul iqnes sabolood da savaldebulod orive
mxarisaTvis.
5. SeTanxmeba ese dadebuli sami wlis vadiT, erTi wlis win, am
vadis gasvlamde, TviTeul SeTanxmebis damdeb mxares ufleba eniWeba
ganacxados Tavisi survili SeTanxmebis gangrZobisa axali vadiT an
SeTanxmebaze uaris Tqmisa; ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi SeTanxmeba kargavs
Zalas mxolod dadebul vadis gasvlisas.
6. SeTanxmebis damdebi mxareni valdebulni arian solidarulad
gamovidnen da awarmoon diplomatiuri molaparakeba, mimarTuli
orive saxelmwifos damoukideblobisa da suverenul uflebaTa dac­
visaTvis.
7. ukeTu pirvelsa da meore paragrafSi aRniSnuli pirobebi
Seiqmna, SeTanxmebis damdebi saxelmwifoni valdebuli arian separa­
tiuli zavi ar Sehkran.
8. SeTanxmebis damdebi mxareni valdebuli arian sxva saxelmwifos­
Tan samxedro konvenciebi ar Sehkran mokavSiresTan winawar SeuTanx­
meblad.
9. ukeTu mexuTe paragrafSi aRniSnul vadis gasvlamde daarsda
xalxTa liga, romelime uzrunvelhyofs yvela mis monawile saxelm­
wifoTa damoukideblobas da sazRvrebis xelSeuxeblobas, im momen­
tidan, rodesac am SeTanxmebis damdebi respublikebi Sevlen xalxTa
ligaSi, es SeTanxmeba hkargavs Zalas.
10. amier-kavkasiis mesame respublikas, somxeTs, ufleba eniWeba,
ori kviris ganmavlobaSi, am SeTanxmebis oficialurad Setyobinebis
dRidan ganacxados, rom Tanaxmaa am SeTanxmebas SemouerTdes.
11. ratifikaciaTa gacvla unda moxdes qalaq baqoSi dRidan xelis
mowerisa.
12. es SeTanxmeba Sedgenilia ori dedniT.

222
 saqarTvelos gareSe saqmeTa ministri e. p. gegeWkori.
azerbeijanis gareSe saqmeTa ministri m.i. jafarovi.
samxedro ministri n. ramiSvili.
samxedro ministri generali mexmandarovi,
samxedro ministris amxanagi general-maiori _ gedevaniSvili.
generali _ odiSeliZe.
generalur Stabis ufrosi generali sulkeviCi.
q. Tfilisi.
aTas cxraas cxrameti weli
ivnisi meTeqvsmete dRe.
rusul dedanTan sworea.
saqarTvelos damfuZnebel krebis iuridiul komisiis Tavmjdo­
mare arseniZe.
mdivani. dedani rusulad aris dawerili da mogaxsenebT exla:
(kiTxulobs).
Правительство Республики Грузии с одной стороны, пред­ставленное Минис­
тром Иностранных Дел Гегечкори, Министром Военным и Внутренных Дел
Рамишвили, Помощником Военнаго Министра Генералом Гедевановым и Членом
Военнаго Совета Генералом Одишелидзе – и Правительство Азербейджанской
Республики с другой стороны, представленное Министром Иностранных Дел
Джафаровым, Военным Министром Генералом Мехмандаровым и Начальником
Генерального штаба Генералом Сулькевичем.
которые ознакомились с полномочиями и нашли их в должной форме и над­
лежащем виде, заключили, в виду серьёзной угрозы независимости закавказских
Республик, настоящее соглашение на следующих основаниях:
1. Договаривающаяся государства обязуются выступать совместно всеми
вооруженными силами и военными средствами против всякого нападения, уг­
рожающаго незавмсимости или территориальной неп­рикосновенности одной или
обеих договаривающихся Республик.
Примечание: Параграф этот не распространяется на пограничные конфликты,
могущие возникнуть на почве еще не закончившагося территориальнаго разме­
жевания Закавказских Республик.
2. Если какое либо соседнее государство, во время уже открывшихся согласно
§ 1-го военных действий нападёт на одного или обоих союзников с целью разрешения
силою оружия пограничных споров, то таковое государство признается воюющей
стороной.
3. Настоящее соглашение носит строго оборонительный характер, и если
одна из сторон, по собственной инициативе, без предварительнаго соглашения,
объявляет войну или открывает военные действия, то другая договаривающаяся
сторона не обязяна участвовать в этих военных действиях.
4. Договаривающиеся стороны обязуются все могущие возникнуть между ними
споры о границах разрешать путем соглашения или арбитража, решения котораго
признаются окончательными и обя­зательными для обеих сторон.

223
 5. Настоящее соглашение заключается сроком на 3 года. За год до истечения
этого срока каждой из договаривающихся сторон предоставляется право заявить
о своем желании продлить его на новый срок, или об отказе от соглашения; в
последнем случае соглашение теряет силу лишь по истечении назначеннаго срока.
6. Договаривающияся стороны обязуются солидарно выступать и вести
допломатические переговоры, направленные к охране неза­висимости и суверенных
прав обоих государств.
7. При наступлении условий, указанных в § 1 и 2-м, догова­ ривающияся
государства обязуются не заключать сепаратнаго мира.
8. Договаривающияся стороны обязуются не заключать военных конвенций с
другими государствами без предварительнаго согласия союзника.
9. Если до истечения срока, указаннаго в § 5-м, создастся лига Народов,
гарантирующая независимость и неприкосновенность границ всем государствам,
входящим в её состав, то с момента вступления договаривающихся Республик в
Лигу Народов настоящее соглашение утрачивает силу.
10. Третьей Закавказской Республике – Армении предоставляется право в 2-х
недельный срок со дня оффициальнаго сообщения нас­тояшаго договора заявить о
своем согласии присоединится к этому соглашению.
11. Обмен ратификациями производится в гор. Баку, в двух­недельный срок со
дня подписания.
12. Настоящее соглашение составлено в двух подлинниках.

Министр Иностранных Дел Министр Иностранных Дел

Грузии Гегечкори. Азербейджанской Республики
Военный Министр М. Ю. Джафаров.
Н. Рамишвили. Военный Министр
Помощник Военнаго Министра Мехмандаров.
Генер.-Майор Гедеванов. Начальник генеральнаго штаба
Генерал Одишелидзе. Генерал-Лейтенант Сулькавич.
Город Тифлис.
Тысяча девятьсот девятнадцатаго года
Июня шестнадцатаго дня.

sagareo saqmeTa ministris evgeni gegeWkoris sityva.

moqalaqeno! sazogadod, adamiani dafasdeba ara imiT, rasac is

laparakobs, aramed imiT, Tu ras akeTebs is.
swored Cvenc moviTxovT, rom, rogorc Tqven, ise yvelam ai am sa­
zomiT mogvmarTon da am sazomiT gansajon is, rasac Cven vlaparakobT
da rasac Cven vakeTebT.
am tribunidan ara erTxel Tqmula mTavrobis saxeliT, rom um­
Tavresi gezi, aramc Tu saerTaSoriso politikis sferoSi, aramed
mTel Cven moRvaweobaSi, romlis irgvliv trialebda mTeli Cveni

224
politikuri da administratiuli energia, es gaxlavT keTil-me­
zobluri ganwyobileba amier-kavkasiaSi mobinadre erebTan, soli­
daruli kavSiris maTTan damyareba da xeli-xel Cakidebuli, saerTo
ZaliT, saerTo SromiT samsaxuri _ saxelmwifos farglebSi, rasak­
virvelia, ama Tu im eris sasargebloT, _ da saerTo asparezze ki _
mTeli amier-kavkasiis erebis bedniereba da keTildReoba.
ai, is umTavresi xazi, romelic saqarTvelos mTavrobas Tavis mo­
qmedebaSi hqonda aRebuli da am xaziT is midioda.
Tavis Tavad cxadia, rom ar kmara ai aseT, Tundac Zlier lamaz,
Zlier sasiamovno lozungis wamosrola, _ piriqiT, Tu ki es lozun­
gi haerSi rCeba, da is, vinc mas ayenebs, ar scdilobs, yovelnair sa­
Sualebas ar xmarobs, rom is cxov­rebaSi gaataros, _ aseTi moRvawe,
anu mTavroba swored daimsaxurebs, rom yvelam uwodos cbieri poli­
tikis mwarmoebeli mTavroba.
me minda dRes naTlad daganaxoT ara Tqven, vinaidan, Tqven kargad
iciT Cveni muSaoba da eWvi ar SegaqvT yvela imaSi, rasac mogaxsenebT,
aramed me minda am tribunidan, ramdenadac Cveni xma miswvdeba yvelas,
erTxel kidev aSkarad davamtkico, rom Cveni lozungi erTa soli­
darobisa ar yofila faratina qaRaldze dawerili fraza, aramed es
iyo is realuri Rirebuleba, romelsac Cven mudam maRla vayenebT da
mis cxovrebaSi gatarebas vxedavT amier-kavkasiis erebis, da kerZoT
qarTvel xalxisa da Cven demokratizmis keTildReobas.
sagareo komisiis momxsenebelma, moqalaqe mdivanma, zogierTi
momenti Cveni moRvaweobisa, am mxriv, ukve aRniSna. me minda mxolod
daumato, rom marTladac, saqarTvelos mTavrobas bedma arguna am
SemTxvevaSi yofiliyo iniciatori am Cven solidur muSaobis Senobis
agebisa.
da kidev SarSan, seqtemberSi, Cven movuwodeT Cven mezoblebs, rom
am muSaobisTvis isinic gamosuliyvnen. Tqven gaxsovT ra moxda am Cven
mowodebis Semdeg, saerTo mdgomareobam xeli SeuSala Cven keTilSo­
bilur ganzraxvas, da iyo dro, rodesac ara erTi da 2 politikosi
fiqrobda, rom amier-kavkasiis erTa Soris salidarobis saqme didi
xniT dasamarda.
magram, Cveni cxovrebis qartexilis Rrublebi kvlav gaifanta, da
Cven mogveca saSualeba es mowodeba cxovrebaSi gagvetarebina.
da Tqven iciT, rom Cvenis iniciativiT Cvenis daJinebiT, 26 aprils,
Tavi moiyares kavkasiis konferenciaze 4 eris war­momadgenlobam.
pirveli Cveni Sexvedra imedis momcemi iyo. yvela aq warmoTqmuli
sityva iyo sabuTi imisa, rom pasuxismgebelni jgufni kavkasiaSi mo­
binadre erTa _ grZnoben imas, rom cxovreba daJinebiT gvikarnaxebda:
saerTo enis gamonaxvas. aseTi iyo Cveni oficialuri gamosvla, aseTi
iyo Cveni deklaracia saerTod.
magram, unda aRvniSno Tqven winaSe, rom is, rac me Tavidanve mogax­
seneT, e. i. yovelive sityva, deklaracia dafasdeba imdenad, ramdena­

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Tac avtori am sityvisa, moindomebs mis cxovrebaSi gatarebas. unda
aRvniSno, rom es WeSmariteba yvelas erTnairad, jer-jerobiT ver
SeuTvisebia, saqarTvelos mTavrobis programa konferenciaze gaxl­
daT Sem­­degi: gamonaxva saerTo niadagisa, romelzedac unda damyare­
buliyo es Cveni solidaruli muSaoba, Cveni solidaruli gamosvle­
bi, rogorc aq, Sig, amier-kavkasiis farglebSi, ise evropis winaSe.
vinaidan moqalaqeno, Cven Rrmad viyaviT darwmunebulni, rom Tu
amier-kavkasiaSi mobinadre erebi Seigneben WeSmaritad TavianT xalx­
is erovnul, kulturul da politikur interesebs, maTTvis aSkara
unda iyos, rom miuxedavad im sxva da sxva sakiTxisa, romlis irgvliv
dRes-dReobiT trialebs Cven Soris uTanxmoeba da arev-dareva. aris
erTi ram, romelic Cven mWidrod unda gvakavSirebdes: es saerTo Zal­
iT amier-kavkasiis farglebSi Cveni damoukideblobis xelSeuxeblo­
bis dacva da Cveni xalxebis cxovrebis im niadagze dayeneba, romelic
uzrunvelhyofs mis kulturul da politikur ganviTarebas.
ai is saerTo niadagi, romelic unda gvaerTianebdes Cven da rome­
lic unda qmnides am mezobel erebidan erTeuls.
ai aseTi iyo Cveni programa, moqalaqeno, magram miuxedavad Cveni
cdisa, saubedurod, unda ganvacxado Tqven winaSe, rom verc erTi ase­
Ti sakiTxi, romelic marTlac Seadgenda gauyrel elementebs am saer­
To xazisa, saerTo programisa, verc erTi iseTi sakiTxi dRes-dReo­
biT amier-kavkasiis konferencias ar gadauWria, ver gadaWra.
me ar Seudgebi exla Tqven winaSe imis mtkicebas, Tu vis udevs ama­
Si brali, piruTvneli istoria bolos da bolos ityvis Tu vin iyo
namdvili mWidavebeli, da mosurne cxovrebaSi gatarebisa amier-ka­
vkasiis erTa solidarobisa da vin nebsiT da uneblieT xels uSlida
am Cvens saerTo sakeTildReo sakiTxis gadaWras.
mxolod me aRvniSnav Tqven winaSe im faqts, rom saqarTvelos mTav­
robas ar gadaudgams arc erTi iseTi nabiji, da am sabuTebis oqmebis
Tqven winaSe gadaSliT SeiZleba damtkicdes.
moqalaqeno! am konferenciaze piris-pir Sexvdnen urTierTs ori
mopirdapire msoflio mxedveloba, ori politika, ori Sinaarsi am
politikisa. maSin, rodesac Cven Cveni Rrma rwmeniT veZiebT klites,
romliTac unda gaiRos kari farTod, ori Cveni keTil mezoblobis
TviT CvenSi da mTel imedebs umTavresad vamyarebdiT TviT Cven erebis
TviTmoqmedebaze, sxvebs samwuxarod, sul sxvagan gadahqondaT simZi­
mis centri da sul sxvagan eZiebdnen xsnas im saSinel mdgomareobidan,
romelSiac, dRes ara Cveni mizeziT, aramed saerTaSoriso koniuqti­
uris mizeziT varT Cavardnili da rodesac es, ori erTi meores mow­
inaaRmdege msofl mxedveloba erTmaneTs Sexvdnen, maTma SebrZolebam
iseTi mkacri xasiaTi miiRo, rom bolos da bolos am did sakiTxSi Cven
ver SevTanxmdiT.
magram, iyo iseTi sakiTxebic, romlebic arc arsebiTad da arc
formalurad mainca da mainc Cven Soris ar iwvevdnen did davas. iyo

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aseTi sakiTxebi da ramdenime maTgani, Cvenma komisiebma daimuSaves
da Cven Soris am sakiTxebis irgvliv SeTanxmeba moxda, magram saubed­
urod, ai am SeTanxmebazedac dRes dReobiT xeli ara aqvT mowerili.
exla saqarTvelos mTavroba moiTxovs warmodgenil xelSekrulebis
dadasturebas.
es mxolod pirveli nabijia. aq SeerTda saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg
mxolod ori xalxi. rodesac gesmis, rom amier-kavkasiaSi aris ori
kategoria xalxTa: erTi, romelsac unda hqondes upiratesoba, da
meore kategoria ki, amas moklebuli. rodesac Cven gveubnebian, rom
amier-kavkasiaSi arsebobs evropiuli TvalsazrisiT, sakiTxi erTi
erisa da ar unda iyos, ar aris jer-jerobiT sakiTxi sxva erebisa, _
moqalaqeno, unda vsTqvaT, rom amiT iqmneba iseTi atmosfera, romel­
ic xels ver Seuwyobs Cveni keTilmezoblobis ganmtkicebas.
samwuxaro aris es, magram mdgomareoba dRes dReobiT aseTia.
Tqven Zalian kargaT icnobT Sinaars am xelSekrulebisa, Tqven
iciT, rom es xelSekruleba aris mimarTuli mxolod maT winaaRm­
deg, vinc moisurvebs amier-kavkasiis, ai am or respublikaTa da maT
demokratiis ganadgurebas. es xelSekruleba aris mimarTuli am Zalis
winaaRmdeg, romelic moisurvebs Tavis neba survili Cven xalxs moax­
vios. araviTari agresiuli xasiaTi am xelSekrulebas ar aqvs. es aris
TavdacviTi aqti da es naTel zoliT Tavidan bolomdis gasatarebeli
aris Cven xelSekrulobaSi. me vfiqrob, moqalaqeno, rom es gvaZlevs
Cven moralur da politikur uflebas pirnaTlad gamovideT, rogorc
Cveni xalxis winaSe, ise mTeli kacobriobis winaSe.
sanam mowinave kacobriobam, mowinave demokratiam Cven ar mogv­
ca realuri garantia imisa, rom Cven am mxriv uzrunvelyofilni
viqnebiT, moqalaqeno, saxelmwifoebrivi egoizmi, instinqti Tavdac­
visa moiTxovs, rom yovelma erma eZios Tavisi mokavSire (kedia: marTa­
lia). am SemTxvevaSi am or xalxTa interesebi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen da am
realurma niadagma warmoSva es xelSekruleba. (kedia: WeSmaritebaa).
mxolod es aris Sinaarsi am xelSekrulebisa, araviTar Cven ojaxur
konfliqtebs, araviTar Cven ojaxur sakiTxebs, Tavis Tavad cxadia,
rom am SemTxvevaSi, rogorc iseTi garemoeba, romelsac SeuZlian am
kavSiris cxovrebaSi gatareba.
es kavSiri aris mimarTuli gareSe Zalebis winaaRmdeg, romel­
nic moisurveben Cveni respublikis damxobas da rasakvirvelia, erTi
muxli, sadac aris naTqvami mesame, mxolod maSin, Tu romelime Cve­
ni mezobeli, rac me ar minda dauSva, moindomebs gamoiyenos es Cveni
saerTo mdgomareobis garTuleba Tavis miznebis gansaxorcieleblad
da Sinaur saqmeebis gadasawyvetad, _ Tavis Tavad cxadia, moqalaqe­
no, rom am SemTxevevaSi Cven gvqonda zneobrivi, me amas Tamamad vacax­
deb, politikuri aramc Tu ufleba, es iyo Cveni movaleobac, rom am
SemTxvevaS Cven gveTqva, rom aq Cven gvaqvs saqme, saubedurod, mtrul
ganwyobilebasTan. am SemTxvevaSi, rasakvirvelia, Cven unda ise mov­

227
imoqmedoT, rogorc amas Cveni interesi da demokratiis interesi
gvavalebs.
ai, amaze aris agebuli es xelSekruleba Tavis SinaarsiT. me Tam­
amad xelmeored vacxadeb, swored wminda demokratiul principzea
agebuli.
da me gamovTqvam Tqven winaSe imeds, rom Tu ki Tqven, rasakvir­
velia, am xelSekrulebas daadasturebT, saqarTvelos mTavroba ga­
moiyenebs am xelSkrulebas mxolod imisTvis, rom daicvas Tavisi
interesi, aacdinos xalxs yovelnairi saSiSroeba, saidanac ar unda
moevlinebodes es mas. (saerTo taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs lasxiSvils.

giorgi lasxiSvilis sityva

( s.-f.)

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! Cven winaSe warmodge­

nilia didis mniSvnelobis istoriuli aqti da 16 ivnisis dRe, roca es
xelSekruleba Seikra, brwyinvale dReT darCeba Cveni qveynis da saer­
Tod kavkasiis erTa axal politikurs istoriaSi.
TviT es istoriuli dokumenti mravalmxriT SesaniSnavia. pirve­
lad yovlisa aRsaniSavia, rom es aqti saidumlo saidumlo diplo­
matiis nawarmoebi araa. igi sajarod, axdilad, saqveynod Seikra
demokratiul saxelmwifoTa demokratiul mTavrobebis mier; Sig ar
aris orWofa, orazrovani da faruli azrebi; misi miznebi aSkarad,
pirdapir da martivad aris gamoTqmuli, rogorc Sehferis namdvil
demokratias. mas ara aqvs araviTari agresiuli miznebi, Tavdasxmis
ganzraxvebi, aramed da mxolod mogeriebiTi da TavdacviTi xasiaTi
aqvs; misi mizania Cveni respublikebis damoukidebloba, Cvenis Tavisu­
flebis, Cveni revoliuciis monapovarTa dacva SeerTebulis ZalebiT
ucxo mtrisagan.
Semdeg, am dokumentis mniSvnelovani momenti isaa, rom igi izoli­
acias ar ukeTebs, ganmartoebiT ar stovebs im mezobel respublikas,
romelic jer ar SeTanxmebula CvenTan. piriqiT farTod stovebs
karebs Riad, raTa sworuflebian amxanagad miiRos mesame respublik­
ac Tanxmobisa da kavSiris diad saqmeSi. samwuxaroa, rasakvirvelia,
rom es erT dros ar moxerxda, magram amisi brali Cvens mTavrobas ar
edeba. im mesame eris dRevandeli xelmZRvanelni dResac ar gamorkveu­
lan; dResac viRaca sxvisi da ara TavisTavisa da Tavis mezoblebis
imedi aqvsT.
da bolos aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi SesaniSnavi momenti am aqtisa,
saxeldobr is, rom xelSekruloba ar exeba Cvens adgilobriv uTanx­
moebaT da davas sazRvrebisa da gamijvnis Sesaxeb. am mxriT xelSekru­
loba saWirod aRiarebs SeTanxmebasa da arbitraJs.

228
 aseTi Tvisebebi uaRresad demokratiul aqtad qmnian am xe­
lSekrulebas da igi kidev erTxel mowmobs Cvens politikurs sim­
wifes, Cvenis demokratiis unars damoukideblad cxovrebisas da Tav­
isufal ganviTarebisas.
magram CvenTvis, kavkasiel erebisTvis, am xelSekrulobas aqvs
kidev didi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba. im dros, roca ruseTis saom­
ari fronti dairRva, roca saerTo revolucionuri fronti dairRva,
da kavkasia iZulebuli gaxda, ruseTs CamoSoreboda, Cven SevecadeniT
Segveqmna axali saxelmwifoebrivoba, mTliani unitaruli amier-ka­
vkasiis erebis sruli gaerTianeba politikurs, socialurs da kul­
turuls niadagze, roca isini ganviTarebis sxva da sxva safexurze dga­
nan, roca maT TavianTi sakuTari vinaoba ara hqondaT Camoyalibebuli
Tavis sakuTar formebSi, SeuZlebeli iyo, rom aseT cdas unayofod
unda Caeara, rom aseTi xelovnuri, zevidan naCqarevad Sekowiwebuli
erTianoba xangrZlivi ar iqneboda da pirvelsave gansacdelis dros
dairRveoda. da marTlac, amier-kavkasiis saxelmwifoebri­voba male
dairRva. es imas ar niSnavda, rasakvirvelia, rom amier-kavkasiis erTa
demokratias saerTo saqmeebi da miznebi ara aqvT. piriqiT, saerTo
bevri rama gvaqvs, magram gza da forma SeTanxmebisa ar iyo miznaT Ses­
aferisad arCeuli. im dRes, roca Cvenma seimma Tavisi Tavi daSlilad
gamoacxada, mec da fraqciebis sxva warmomadgenlebmac aRvniSneT, rom
Cveni ganSoreba ar iqneba samudamo da xangrZlivi, rom dadgeba dRe,
roca Cven, kavkasiis erebi, tanjviT da gansacdeliT gamocdilni gam­
ovZebniT axalsa da namdvil formebs Cvenis SeTanxmebisas, erTobisas
da kavSirisas. mas Semdeg Cven SevudeqiT cal-calke Cvenis saxelmwi­
foebis Seqmnas; erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi bevri Wiri da vaeba ganvica­
deT da, bolos, davinaxeT saWirod saerTo miznebisa da saqmeebisaTvis
konferenciaze misvla da SeTanxmebis moxdena. iqneb am pirvelma cdam
unayofod Caiaros, iqneb patara nayofi gamoiRos, magram cxadia, rom
istoriis loRika, sinamdvile Segvagnebinebs im uryevel faqts, rom
kavkasiis erTa solidaroba erTad-erTi gzaa Cvenis arsebobisaTvis
da momavalSi Tavisuflad ganviTarebisaTvis...
da rom es dro moaxlovebulia, rom Cven aucileblad gamovsZeb­
niT formebs Cvenis SeTanxmebisa da kavSirisTvis, amas naTlad mowmobs
is pirveli realuri nabiji, romelic Cven dRes gadavdgiT, saqarTve­
los da aderbeijanis dRevandel SekavSirebis saxiT.
Tqven gaxsovT, moqalaqeno, rom amas winad erTma uc­xoelma gen­
eralma Cvens warmomadgenlebs uwinaswarmetyvela, roca Cven aqedan
wavalT Tqven, kavkasiis erebi erTmaneTs yels gamosWriTo. Tqven
gaxsovT agreTve, rom gavleniani „taimsi“ amasve imeorebda da amiT
amtkicebda _ saqarTvelos da aderbeijens ar SeuZliaT damoukide­
beli cxovrebao. isic gaxsovT, rom, roca denikinis Savi reaqciis sa­
SiSroeba mogvevlina, misi agentebi da provokatorebi scdilobdnen
Cvensa da aderbeijans Soris SuRlis da uTanxmoebis Camodgebas. da

229
ai, amis sapasuxod, Cven mivarTmevT ucxo sardlebsac, gazeTebsac da
reaqciis agentebsac am Cvens xelSekrulebas da vetyviT, rom Segvi­
Zlia saerTo xifaTis Segneba da Cveni Zalebis koordinacia yovelg­
var Tavdasxmisagan Tavdasacvelad! kidev metic SegviZlia vuT­xraT:
Cven SegviZlian vuTxraT, rom es xelSekruleba aris mxolod pirveli
nabiji, rom mas mohyveba sxva xelSekrulebanic, romelnic amier-kavka­
siis respublikebs ufro mWidro SeTanxmebis da SekavSirebis formebs
gamouZebnian.
ai aseTi gansakuTrebuli da didi mniSvneloba aqvs Cven­Tvis, ka­
vkasiis erebisaTvis, am xelSekrulebas.
saerTaSoriso omis tragediam da Semdeg didma revoliuciam win
wamoayenes, rogorc sadReiso programa, rogorc dRiuri wesrigi,
sxva da sxva politikuri da socialuri lozungebi; maT Soris diadi
lozungebi erTa TviTgamorkvevis uflebisa da erTa solidarobisa.
istoriis logikis karnaxi am mxriT imdenad daJinebiTia da mZlavri,
rom TviT imperialisturma mTavrobebma waavles maT xeli da Tavis
sakuTar lozungebad gamoacxades. magram, me veWvob, rom maTi cda am
lozungebis cxovrebaSi gatarebisaTvis gulwrfeli iyos. piriqiT,
aris imis niSnebi, rom exlac upireben did lozungebs falsifikacia
mouxdinon ise, rogorc ara erTxel mouxdenia burJuazias revoli­
uciis lozungebis falsifikacia.
magram erT rasmes iviwyeben, an verc amCneven imas, rom dRes aqti­
ur Zalad gamovida da politikur asparezs daepatrona saerTaSo­
riso demokratia, romelic aRaravis miscems nebas falsifikaciebis
moxdenisas. amieridan revoliuciis didi lozungebis ganxorciele­
ba uzrunvelyofilia, vinaidan cxovrebis sadaves xelSi iWers TviT
mSro­meli xalxi, TviT socialisturi demokratia.
Cveni patara erebis cdac iqiTken unda iyos mimarTuli, rom am
demokratiasTan mWidroT viyoT SekavSirebulni da ramdenadac Zala
Segvwevs, aq adgilobriv vakeToT demokratiis diadi saqme Zvelis qvey­
nis gardaqmnisa. dRevandeli Cveni sazrunavi saqmea agreTve davicvaT
Cveni arseboba da Cveni Tavisufleba ganadgurebisagan, sanam saerTo
sakiTxi dRes-dReobiT dasmuli saerTaSoriso demokratiis mier ar
iqneba ganxorcielebuli. da ai swored am Cveni arsebobisa da damou­
kideblobis dacvis saqmeSi did samsaxurs gagviwevs is xelSekruleba,
romlis erTsulovnad damtkicebisaken Cveni fraqcia mouwodebs dRes
damfuZne­bel krebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs spiridon kedias.

230
 spiridon kedias sityva
(er.-dem.)

batonebo! es pirveli SemTxvevaa, rodesac damfuZnebeli kreba

ratifikacias uSvreba saxelmwifo xelSekrulebas da me kmayofilebiT
aRvniSnav, rom is aqti, romelsac dRes damfuZnebeli kreba daadas­
turebs ar gagvawiTlebs da sircxvils ar gvaWmevs. ama aqtSi ukve mos­
Cans erTnairi saxelmwifoebrivi simwife, Sedegi mTeli wlis zigzagiT
da SecdomiT siarulisa, Sedegi ganvlili wlis gamocdilebisa.
is sityvebi, romelic Tqven aq Cemamdis moismineT, mowmoben amas da
morcxvaT scnoben da aRiareben warsulis am Secdomebs, sinamdvilis
sworad ver amokiTxvas. am mxriv es sityvebi CemSi siamovnebas iwvevs
da kmayofilebiT aRmaniSvnineben, rom Cven bolos mainc davadeqiT
swor saxelmwifoebriv gzas.
16 ivnisis TariRiT Sekrulia aqti, dadebulia xelSkruloba
saqarTvelo-azerbaijans Soris, romlis mizania mxolod Tavdacva
da TviTeuli maTganis damoukidebeli TviT arsebobisa da Tavisu­
flebisTvis saerTo saSualebiT brZola da moqmedeba. mizania uaR­
resad saxelmwifoebrivi. meTodic wminda saxelmwifoebrivia. es
xelSekruleba mowmobs, rom Cvenma pasuxis mgebelma mesveurebma Tav­
idanve moiSores is partiuli principebi, romelic dRemde xels uSl­
ida saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis kavSirs. vimeoreb, es garemoeba metaT
sasixaruloa da Tan imas mowmobs, rom Cven TandaTan miuaxlovdiT nam­
dvil saxelmwifoebrivi koncepciis SeTvisebis moments. am mxriv data
am xelSekrulebis dadebisa, dataa Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi gezisa da
xazis gamosworebis.
batonebo! SemTxveviTi ar aris is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos
mTavroba da qarTveloba am erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi yovelTvis ga­
modioda saerTo Semokrebisa da gaerTianebis winadadebiT. Cveni am
gvari misia gansazRvrulia Cveni eris istoriis SinaarsiT, da am Si­
naarsis ZaliT ise, rogorc misi awindeli politikuris da kulturu­
lis viTarebiT. Cveni amgvari roli gansazRvrulia im centraluris
poziciiT mTels kavkasiaSi, romelic istoriulad eWira saqarTve­
los Tu saxelmwifoebrivi tradiciis, Tu kulturis, Tu topografi­
is ZaliT.
am Cveni rolis gamsazRvrel moqmed faqtorTa Soris, unda mov­
ixsenio erTi faqtori, romelsac yovelTvis abstraqcias uSvrebian,
magram romelsac eris sulSi Rrmad aqvs fesvebi CaSvebuli da dRe­
sac Cvens cxovrebaSi aktualur Zalas warmoadges. es aris saqarTve­
los sarwmunoebrivi saxe. sarwmunoebad saqarTvelo dayofilia or
TiTqmis Tanabar nawilad: erTia muslimanuri saqarTvelo, mSvenieri
da didebuli javaxeTi, mesxeTi, artaani, olTisi, WaneTi da sxva. es
saqarTvelo Tavisi sulieri da sarwmunoebrivi kulturiT uerTde­

231
ba jer kavkasiis da mere mTeli qveynis musulmanTa sulier kultu­
ras. es mdgomareoba Tavis Tavad gvaerTebs da gvakavSirebs azerbai­
janis muslimanur saxelmwifosTan da mis xalxTan. Tu gvinda viyveT
eris sulier cxovrebis mTeli sirTulis gamomsaxveli, es garemoeba
unda gvaxsovdes da unda gveadvilebodes kavSiri im mezobel xalx­
Tan, romelnic amave sulier-religiuri kulturiT ikvebebian. meorea
saqristiano saqarTvelo, romelic Tavisi sulieri kulturis Tvise­
biT ukavSirdeba kavkasiis farglebSi somxis ers da mis gareSe mTeli
saqarTvelos qveynebis kulturas. amgvaraT, qarTveli eri, saqarTve­
los saxiT ierTebs or didi msoflio kulturas da bunebrivad uax­
lovdeba am kulturis matarebel mezoblebs. azerbaijanTan am saer­
To naTesaobis niadagmac gagviadvila Segneba Cveni saerTo realuri
interesebisa, da saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans Soris Tavdacvis xe­
lSekruleba daidva.
magram dRevandel dRes aklia erTi ram, es is, rom dRes CvenTan aq
saqarTvelo-azerbaijan Soris dadebul Tavdacvis xelSekrulebas­
Tan erTad ar vadasturebT meore xelSekrulobas, dadebuls somxeT­
Tan. amaSi brali Cven ar gvidevs.
Tqven kargad iciT, yvela im mimdinareobis Soris, romelic aq
aris warmodegnili, yvelaze ufro skeptikurad Cven vuyurebdiT
somxebs, da ufro mkacrad vebrZodiT maT Cveni kanonieri uflebisa
da teritoriis dasacavad. unda vsTqva am tribunidan, rom es Cveni
Sexeduleba ufro swori gamodga, vidre sxvebisa. aRvniSnavT amas ara
sixaruliT, aramed mwuxarebiT. magram amisda miuxedavad Cven gvego­
na, rom dRes mainc somxis xalxi da mis meTaurebi, rogorc praqtiku­
li gonebisa da Wkuis xalxi, CvenTan movidoda da Tavdacvis saerTo
xelSekrulebas dadebda saerTo mtris winaRmdeg. magram es ar moxda.
Tqven iciT, rom kavkasiis respublikaTa konferenciis cdamac am mxri
uSedegoT Caiara. es nakli aqvs dRevandel dRes da saerTo mizans.
amiT ki fronti kavkasiisa gawyvetilia da darRveuli. Suagul adg­
ilas darCenilia erTnairi xarvezi carieli sivrce; es adgili unda
iqnes Sevsebuli. Cven ucdiT. somxis ers marTebs dafiqreba; icodes
kargaT, rom izolaciaSi ganmartoebiT da yvelas winaaRmdeg mas ka­
vkasiaSi arseboba ar SeeZleba. Cven gvinda viwamoT, rom is mdgomareo­
bas Seignebs da moRalateobas ar daadgeba. ukeTu es ar moxda, Cven
Cveni gza da Cveni movaleoba gvecodineba. Cven ucdiT.
TviT xelSkruleba savsebiT misaRebia. arc erTi muxlis winaaRm­
deg Cven araferi ar gveTqmis; ar gveTqmis imitom, rom yoveli maTgani
saerTo Tavdacvis da saerTo moqmedebis formas arkvevs da miznad
TiToeul mxares damoukideblobas da teritoriis mTlianobis
dacvas isaxavs xelSekruleba, romelic amas icavs, diaxac, rom erTsu­
lovnebiT da gatacebiT iqneba dadasturebuli.
exla saWiroa es xelSekruleba da misi mniSvneloba ufro farTo
massaSi iqnas gavrcelebuli; am mxriv, rogorc saqarTvelos, agreTve

232
azerbaijanis mowinave sazogadoebebsa da politikur wreebs mar­
Tebs muSaoba da propagandis gaweva, rom moxdes TviT qarTveli xalx­
isa da azerbaijanis xalxis meti daaxloveba saerTo interesebis
dasacavad. mwams, am muSaobas Rirseulad gauZRvebian am ori xalxis
warmomadgenlebi.
batonebo! dRes moxda did mniSvnelovani aqti: saqarTvelos da
azerbaijanis erTmaneTTan SekavSireba. qarTveli xalxis tradiciaa
Tavdebi, rom igi erTgulad daicavs dadebul pirobas, micemul sit­
yvas.
igi daicavs mas sisxliT da xmliT; erTic ar gamogvaCndeba iseTi,
romelic mokavSires winaSe pirSavad dagvsvamdes da Tavis damou­
kideblobas zurgs Seaqcevdes.
me mwams, rom meore mxriv, azerbaijanis xalxic, es patiosani da
mSromeli da Tavis ficis erTguli xalxic, Rirseuli aRmasrulebeli
iqneba am saerTo xelSekrulebisa, da yoveli msxverplis safasuriT
daicavs Tavis qveynis damoukideblobas; gaumarjos am or xalxis kav­
Sirs damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebis (taSi).
dRes, saqarTelos damfuZnebeli kreba miuZRvnis mxurvale salams
Tavis axal mokavSires. am xelSekrulebiT saq. damfuZnebeli kreba fi­
cis qaRalds ugzavnis azerbaijanis parlaments da xalxs, rom masTan
erTad iomebs saerTo mtris winaaRmdeg. Cven gvwams, rom azerbaijanis
xalxi CvenTan erTad ityvis: „an gamarjveba, an sikvdilio!“ (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs arseniZes.

raJden arseniZis sityva

(s.-d.)

moqalaqeno! damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno! xelSekruleba, romelic

Tqven dRes aq unda daamowmoT, didmniSvnelovania, magram es mxolod
pirveli nabiji, pirveli aqtia im did gzis, romliTac Cven didi xania
mivdivarT da romelsac Cven verasodes ver gadauxvevT. Cven, rogorc
socialistebs, rogorc demokratebs da muSaTa klasis warmomadgen­
lebs, mudam gvaqvs Cven mTavar devizaT erTi ram: solidaroba xalxTa
Soris da ganmtkiceba urTierT Soris Zmobis da amxanagobis: es idea­
li, roelsac muSaTa klasi, upirveles yovlisa, atarebs, rogorc Ta­
vis bairaRs, Tavis droSas, _ ise advilad, ise martivad, ise iolad,
ar tardeba cxovrebaSi, ar xdeba konkretiul movlenad, rogorc es
SeiZleba Cven gvsurdes. mxolod xangrZliv brZoliT, mixvev-moxveviT,
mraval pirobebTan Seguebis da mraval dabrkolebis gadalaxvis Sem­
deg SevZlebT Cven ase Tu ise mtkiceT da sabolood gadadgmul nabi­
jiT movipovoT esa Tu is poziciebi am niadagze. am mxriv, ai am gziT
Cveni ideali iyo, aris dResac da iqneba momavalSiac, ganmtkiceba
solidarobisa yvela erTa Soris. upirveles yovlisa es idea unda

233
iyos Camosxmuli konkretiul formaSi maxlobel mezobelTan. yove­
li Cveni cda, romelsac dRemdis xSirad eris Ralatad gviTvlidnen,
rodesac Cven gvsurda da vibrZodiT yvela erebis solidarobisTvis
kavkasiaSi da amier-kavkasiaSi, yvela es brZola xSirad SeiZleba gveT­
vleboda naklad zogierT mimdinareobisagan. magram me vambob, rom
dRes, rodesac Cven xelaxlad SeudeqiT solidrobis ideis aRdgenas
da mis realur faqtad gadaqcevas, Cven SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom dRes
ukve ar iqneba iseTi mimdinareoba, romelsac SeeZlos sTqvas, es gza ar
aris swore, ar aris misaRebi, ar aris demokratiulio. me mgonia, rom
Cven gadavlaxeT, davZlieT didi istoriuli msvleloba, romlidanac
Cven dRemdis ukan vixevdiT. es aSkarad unda vsTqvaT.
didi revoliuciis Semdeg Cveni moqmedebis farglebi, is muSao­
ba, romelSiac Cven gvindoda gagveSala frTa, sazRvrebi am muSaobisa
TandaTan mcirdeboda da pataravdeboda Tavis garemos da Tavis sivr­
cis raodenobiT. da es ukan daxeva Cven arc maSin migvaCnda saboloo
damarcxebad im ideisa, romelsac Cven vemsaxurebodiT.
me maxsovs aq, am tribunidan warmoTqmuli mquxare sityva, ro­
melic ambobda, rom Tavganwirulad vibrZolebT da xmals ar davag­
debT. sanam ukanaskneli pozicia mainc aris Cvens xelTo. Cven Segvi­
Zlian dRes vsTqvaT, rom am ukanasknel poziciebidan gvaqvs saSualeba
isev win waviwioT, solidarobis ideis droSiT megobrebi gaviCinoT
da erTa Soris mtrobis magivrad solidaroba, Zmoba da megobroba
gavaCaRoT. am mxriT Cven gadavdgiT erTi nabiji, pirveli nabiji _
esaa Cvensa da aderbeijans Soris dadebuli SeTanxmeba, _ mesame res­
publikisTvis ki mudam aris kari Ria da amiT aSkarad veubnebiT Cven
somxis demokratias: kmara is, rac gancalkevebuli viyaviT. droa aris
TandaTn gaibas Zafi mezoblidan mezoblamde, eridan eramde, rom is
saSineli anarqiis cecxli, romelic dastrialebs Tavs Cvens qveyanas,
amier-kavkasiis demokratias, Caqrobil iqnes erTa solidarobis dro­
Sis gamarjvebiT.
unda aRvniSno isic, rom Cveni daSlis procesi winandel xanaSi iyo
Sedegi ara imdenaT Sinauri urTierTobisa, ramdenaTac gareSe Zal­
datanebisa, yvelam iciT, rom seimi daingra osmaleTis xiStebis qveS,
yvelam icis, rom amier-kavkasia mowyda ruseTs im veeberTela anarqi­
is gamo, romelsac komunisturi moZraoba hqvian da im did istoriul
Secdomis wyalobiT, romelsac brestis xelSekruleba ewodeba. Cven
viciT, rom gareSe Zalebi angrevden, amsxvrevden im mTlianobas, rome­
lic iyo yovelTvis mTavari siZlieris wyaro, Cven demokratiisTvis,
da dRes, rodesac anarqiis talRebis trialSi daayena sabolooT qa­
rTveli eris samkvdro sasicocxlo sakiTxi, sakiTxi Cveni ukanaskneli
poziciebis yofna ar yofnisa, me vxedav am axal aqtSi Cveni mTavro­
bis Rirseul muSaobas. Cvenma mTavrobam nabiji gadasdga, gabeduli
nabijiT gaswia win da gaafarTova Zala xalxisa da demokratiis. da ai
am xelSekrulebas, romelic aq aris warmodgenili, hyavs kidev erTi

234
utyuari damcveli, erTi mTavari realuri Zala, romelsac arasodes
arc uRalatnia da verc uRalatebs, _ es gaxlavT demokratia saqa­
rTvelosi da demokratia azerbaijanisa. es gaxlavT is elementebi,
romelnic Tavidanve mxolod erTgvar Zaldatanebis gamo CamoSor­
den erTi meores da romelic yovelive wuTs, yovel Jams mzaT iyvnen
erTi meorisTvis xeli gaewodebiaT. denikinis safrTxes da ruseTis
saSiSroebis gamo Cven dRes varT ukve ara dangrevis da darRvevis
procesSi, aramed solidarobis da urTierTobis ganmtkicebis pro­
cesSi. es ki niSnavs imas, rom Cven gadavlaxeT bevri dabrkolebani, da
SegviZlian daviwyoT Cveni SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba, SegviZlian Seud­
geT realur demokratiul politikis ganxorcielebas. Cven vdgevarT
solidarobis droSis qveS da masze, rogorc moqmedi sayoveldReo
lozungi, davawereT lozungi erTa solidarobisa.
rasakvirvelia, demokratia ver iqneba savsebiT dakmayofilebu­
li imiT, rac dRes mogvixerxebia. me vambob, rom es aris mxolod pir­
veli nabiji da CvenTvis ki saWiro aris ara marto pirveli nabiji,
aramed yvela nabijebi ukanasknelamde. ese igi, manamdis, sanam sruli­
ad uzrunvelyofili ar iqneba yvela erTa demokratiis arseboba da
ganviTareba. da Tu Cven dRes gvinda SemovfargloT konkretiulaT
samoqmedo asparezi, Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom morig sakiTxad daismis
amier-kavkasiis erTa demokratiis SeerTeba, dakavSireba. Tu mTavro­
bis xmam mesame mTavrobamde ver miaRwia, Tu am mesame mTavrobis yurs
ar esmis amoZaxili xalxis gulis, romelic gaerTianebisken miiswraf­
is, _ Cven, rogorc socialistebma, rogorc demokratebma pirdapir
unda am tribunidan mivmarToT sxva amier-kavkasiis erTa demokra­
tias da uTxraT: _ Cven TqvenTan solidaroba gvsurs da vinc am soli­
darobas uSlis xels, is aris mteri Cvenic da Tqvenic (taSi).
ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos isic, rom am solidarobis gatarebas
xels uSlis rogorc zogierTi mTavrobis mrude da ara pirdapiri
politika, ise erTi mTavari ZiriTadi gezi zogierTi politikose­
bisa, _ es gaxlavT politika ucxo Zalebze damyarebis, es gaxlavT
politika, romelic ambobs, rom danarCenTagan gamoyofis saSualebiT
miviRebT zedmets, vinem Cveni mezoblebi miiRebeno. da sadac aseTi
politika trialebs, iq didi gasavali aqvs yovelgvar imperialis­
tur zraxvebs. Zlieri da SemZle saxelmwifos imperializmi yovelT­
vis amisTana politikis wiaRSi hpovebs niadags Tavis imperializmis
gansamtkiceblad, da es politika mavnea yvela erebisTvis erTnairad,
vinaidan dayrdnoba gareSe Zalaze niSnavs am gareSe Zalis mier da­
morCilebas, Tavisi xeliT Tavis kiserze uRelis dadgmas, da Tu ro­
melime eri fiqrobs, ucxo Zalis saSualebiT sxva erebis daCagvras, is
TiTon pirveli gaxdeba am ucxoelTa Zalmomreobisagan daCagruli.
es unda esmodes me mgonia demokratias, amas gaigebs sxva saxelmwifo­
Ta demokratia da CvenTan erTad mTel Tavis ZalRones moaxmars, rom
saerTod gaswios muSaoba, SeebrZolos saerTo mters mTel amier-ka­

235
vkasiis demokratiasTan erTad da amiT ganamtkicos Sinauri Zala,
Sinauri fronti, romelic, SegvinarCunebs, Cvens daoukideblobas
da Sinaur demokratiul wyobilebas, TavdamsxmelT Zaladobisagan
da daixsnis aramc Tu respublikebis damoukideblobas, aramed am re­
spublikebSi namdvil demokratiul wyobilebas da Tvidan aiSorebs
imperialistTa monobas.
am ideiT mouwodebT Cven mTel xlxs da imedi gvaqvs, rom mTeli
amier-kavkasiis demokratia, es cxovelmyofi Zala Semokrbeba erTaT,
rogorc Semokrba saqarTvelos da aderbaijanis demokratia, romel­
ic dRes CvenTan SemoerTebulia. (taSi)

leo Sengelaias sityva

(s. r.)

moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! erTi wlis winad moxda

faqti, romlisaTvis aravin emzadeboda; erTi wlis winad moxda sas­
wauli, romelic aravis sjeroda: asi wlis letargiis Semdeg mkvdre­
TiT aRsdga qarTveli eri, iSva Tavisufali da damoukidebeli saqa­
rTvelo. msoflio omis procesSi ganadgurda mravali patara eri,
sisxlidan daicalnen TviT didi saxelmwifoebi, magram ganadgure­
bul patara erebs hqondaT imedi aRdgomisa, vinaidan maT hyavdaT
mZlavri mokavSireni, did saxelmwifoebs hqondaT imedi aRorZinebi­
sa, vinaidan maTi potencialuri Zala, maTi gonebrivi da nivTieri
resursebi iyo sakmao garantia krizisis daZlevisa. mxolod saqa­
rTvelos demokratia, mxolod qarTveli eri idga brZolis velze
gancalkevebuli. mas hyavda erTad-erTi mokavSire _ simarTle. mas
asuldgmulebda erTad-erTi imedi _ imedi gamarjvebisa. gavida we­
liwadi, weliwadi aRsavse siurprizebiT da katastrofiuli momen­
tebiT da mxolod dRes gvaqvs Cven SemTxveva vuZRvnaT salami Cvens
pirvel mokavSires, Cvens axal megobars aderbaijanis xalxs. (taSi).
dRes Cveni respublikis saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi iwyeba axali xana,
dRes Cven brZolis velze martokani aRar varT, Cven ukve gvyavs moka­
vSire, gvyavs megobari! amnairad warmodgenili konvenciiT iwyeba
likvidacia Cvenis eris izolaciisa da es aris didi faqtori, wyaro
axali imedebisa, Tavdebi axali gamarjvebis! dadebuli konvenciis
pirdapiri sababi aris denikinis safrTxe. denikini, es pirmSo Svi­
li didmpyrobel nacionalizmisa da saerTaSoriso reaqciisa aris
domokles maxvili, romelic aRimarTa amier-kavkasiis erebis, respub­
likebis Tavze. da vidre arsebobs es safrTxe, vidre arsebobs es muqa­
ra, Cveni Tavisufleba, Cveni damoukidebloba uzrunvelyofili ver
iqneba. mdgomareobis ase gagebam Cven mogvca swored es xelSekruleba,
es konvencia. magram Cven gvegona, rom es mTavari sakiTxi, es saSineli
safrTxe CrdiloeTisa, es yvelaze ufro sagrZnobeli, yvelaze ufro

236
realuri muqara Cveni damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebisa iqnebo­
da xelSekrulobis gansakuTrebul yuradRebis obieqti. gvegona,
rom es momenti iqneboda ufro aSkarad, ufro mkafiod gamoxatuli.
samwuxarod, es ase ar aris da Cvenis azriT es aris umTavresi nakli
xelSekrulobisa. konvencia amyarebs Cvensa da azerbaijans Soris Ta­
vdacviTi, mogeriebiTi kavSirs, _ es aris didi pliusi SedarebiT im
imperialistur konvenciebTan, romlebsac Cven vicnobT sxva qveynebis
istoriidan. es aris utyuari sabuTi imisa, rom Cven ar gvinda sxva
erebis dapyroba, daCagvra da damoneba, Cven gvinda mxolod Cveni da­
moukideblobis, Cveni Tavisuflebis dacva. magram denikini, denikinis
laSqari aris sul sxva kategoriis movlena, denikinis moqmedeba ar
aris omi am sityvis Cveulebrivi SinaarsiT. Cveulebrivad oms awar­
moebs saxelmwifo. aq ki Cven gvaqvs saqme ara saxelmwifosTan, aramed
SeiaraRebul reaqciasTan, amitom SeuZlebelia ganvsazRvroT, _ sad
Tavdeba Tavdacva da sad iwyeba Seteva. Cveulebrivad saxelmwifo
maSin awarmoebs Setevas, rodesac is Tavis sazRvrebs gadalaxavs.
magram Cven viciT denikinis sazRvrebi aris ruseTis 1914 wlis saz­
Rvrebi, maSasadame Cvens winaaRmdeg brZolas denikinis Tvalsazris­
iT yovelTvis eqneba Tavdacvis xasiaTi. meores mxriT Cveni jari dgas
soWis frontze da rom Cven strategiuli mosazrebiT win waviwioT,
ra iqneba es Cveni axali mokavSiresaTvis _ Seteva Tu Tavdacva? erTi
sityviT, rodesac ibrZvis ori Zala reaqcia da revoliucia, maSin
Zneli aris gansazRvra imisa, Tu sad aris Seteva, sad aris Tavdacva.
amitom aseT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia davkmayofildeT Cveulebrivi
konvenciis Cveulebrivi muxlebiT.
konvencia exeba saqarTvelos da azerbeijans da ara amier-kavka­
siis sam respublikas, rogorc iyo sasurveli da mosalodneli. ara­
ratis respublikas konvenciis Sesaxeb Tavis ukanaskneli sityva jer
ar uTqvams, is sdums jer-jerobiT. aq aSkaraa Cven gvaqvs saqme daSnak­
cakanebis Cveulebriv politikur sibecesTan, xolo meores mxriv Cven
gvaqvs saqme imperializmis im cnobil politikasTan, romelic ambobs:
gayavi da ibatoneo. Cveni movaleobaa am politikas daupirdapiroT
Cveni, demokratiuli, xalxis solidarobis politika. Cveni movaleo­
baa vixmaroT yovelgvari zomebi, rom Cven gverdSi amogvidges somx­
is demokratiac. urTierTi sasicoxlo interesebis swori gagebiT da
daTmobiT, Cven gvwams, es SesaZlebelia, miT umetes, rom SeuZlebelia
mTeli eri iyos reaqcioneri, SeuZlebelia, rom mTeli eri iyos Tavis
mteri da moRalate!
axali mokavSire, axali megobari Cveulebriv qmnis erTgvar il­
iuzias, badebs gadaWarbebul imedebs da amitom Cven fraqcias Tavis
movaleobad miaCnia gaafrTxilos saqarTvelos demokratia. marTa­
lia dadebuli konvencia aris didi gamarjveba demokratiisa, marTa­
lia, Cveni gamarjvebis Sansebi momavalSi ufro metia, vidre aqamdis
iyo, magram Cven gadaWarbebuli warmodgena ar unda gvqondes arc

237
Cven Zalaze, arc sxvis Zalaze. Cven unda gvqondes gaTvaliswinebu­
li yovelgvari SesaZlebloba, yovelgvari siurprizebi, miT umetes,
rom ama Tu im mTavrobis socialuri buneba da klasobrivi interese­
bi Zlier xSirad ufro mets niSnavs, vidre esa Tu is xelSkruleba,
esa Tu is kavSiri. aqedan, batonebo, aSkara aris CvenTvis saWiroa
ara marto mTavrobaTa kavSiri, mTavrobaTa konvenciebi, aramed up­
irvelesad yovlisa saWiro aris gajansaReba mTeli Cveni Sinaur da
sagareo politikisa, saWiro aris, rom Cveni pirveli mokavSire azer­
beijani iqnes mxolod pirveli mercxali Cveni axali mokavSireebis
mTeli rigisa. Tu es ase moxda, Tu am saqmeSi mTavroba gamoiCens saW­
iro unars, Cven Rrmad gvwams, saqarTvelos demokratia Tavis axal
mokavSireebTan erTad dasZlevs yvela dabrkolebebs da mokle xanSi
savsebiT welSi gamarTuli da gamagrebuli uambobs Tavis megobrebs
sasixarulo ambavs: demokratia Tavisufalia, respublika damoukide­
beli, Cven gavimarjveTo! (taSi).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebls.

simon mdivanis sityva.

(momxsenebeli).

Cemi ukanaskneli sityva im gamosvlebis Semdeg, romelsac hqondaT

adgili, _ sul mokle iqneba. am sityviT me minda gamovsTqva is azri,
rom es faqti imdenaT saWiro, imdenad daaxlovebulia saqarTvelos
demokratiasTan, rom yvela fraqciebma, romelnic aq sxva da sxva azrs
atareben da sxva da sxva damokidebuleba aqvT Cven mTavrobasTan, dRes
aq gamosvlaSi gamonaxes saerTo ena da saerTo eniT daadastures da
moiwones es pirveli gadadgmuli nabiji.
saqarTvelos demokratias miuxedavaT imisa, rom mTeli wlis
ganmavlobaSi, im politikis warmoebis xanaSi, romliTac is fiqrobs
SeinarCunos damoukidebeli saqarTvelos arseboba, _ hqonda, rasak­
virvelia, Secdomebi, magram es Secdomebi ara iseTia, romlebic xels
uSlides mezobel erebTan saerTo niadagis gamonaxvas. piriqiT, mTe­
li Semoqmedeba saqarTvelos demokratiisa, mTeli misi muSaoba, mx­
neoba gamWriaxoba da saxelmwifoebrivi moRvaweoba mimarTuli iyo
imisken, rom amgvari aqti bolos da bolos yofiliyo dadebuli or
mezobelTa Soris.
sworeT is xazi, romlidanac saxelmwifo iwyoba da es xazi uwin­
aresad yovlisa dadebuli iyo saqarTvelos demokratiis mier,
sworeT aq, am xazidan modis Cveni mezobeli eris demokratia. mesame
eris demokratiac am gziT mova rodesac is moiSorebs dRevandel Tav­
is xelmZRvanelebs. maSin, rasakvirvelia, daiwyeba is saerTo muSaoba,
romelic aayvavebs da Seqmnis mSvenier amier-kavkasias.

238
 Cveni idealia viqonioT Cvens mezoblebSi is suraTi, didebuli
suraTi, romelic aris JenevaSi, sadac daxatulia sami figura, rome­
lic gamoxatavs Sveicarias: italieli, germaneli da frangi, xeli-xel
Cakidebuli. isini ansaxiereben am ideals Sveicariisas (gvazava: eg
ra SuaSia!) da romelsac aseTs ideals, aseTs suraTs Cven ganvaxor­
cielebT amier-kavkasiaSi (maWavariani: Tqven social-federalistebis
klubSi waiReT es suraTi da iq SeinaxeT) maSin Cven vityviT, rom saqa­
rTvelos demokratiam Seasrula is istoriuli misia, romelzedac
laparakobda spiridon kedia, da Seqmna momavali mSvenieri amier-ka­
vkasiis cxovrebisa.
me gareSe saqmeTa da iuridiul komisiis saxeliT Semomaqvs Semde­
gi winadadeba (kiTxulobs):
„saqarTvelos respublikis da azerbaijanis respublikis mTavro­
baTa Soris qalaq TfilisSi ama aTas cxraas cxrameti wlis ivnisis Te­
qvsmets dadebuli SeTanxmebis aqti damtkicebul iqmnes“.
Tavmjdomare. erTaT erTi winadadeba gaxlavT Semotanili. kenWs
uyri mas. igi mogxsendaT momxsenebelis mier. vin aris momxre? vin aris
winaaRmdegi? Tavi vin Seikava?
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad adasturebs dadebul SeTanxmebas
(taSi). aq loJaSi imyofebian inguSeTis warmomadgenlebi. neba mome­
ciT Tqveni saxeliT mivesalmo maT (taSi), deputatebi fexze adgomiT
esalmebian).
gTxovT dabrZandeT. oriode sakiTxi gaxlavT saCqarod komisieb­
Si gadasacemad.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs) winaswar gansaxilvelad komisiebSi gadasa­
cem sakanonmdeblo aqtebis nusxas.
damfuZnebeli kreba nusxas adasturebs.
sxdoma ixureba 2 saaTsa da 45 wuTs.

239
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdameaTe sxdoma

samSabaTi, 1919 weli, ivnisis 24. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris uf­rosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe da
eqvTime TayaiSvili
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi aris:
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 50 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. (zari) kreba gaxsnili aris. gTxovT dabrZandeT.
mdivani mogaxsenebT dRiur wesrigs.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs)

komisiebSi gadasacemi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi

Sinagan saqmeTa ministris proeqti dekretisa _ daba onis qalaqad

damtkicebis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema adgilobriv mmarTvelobis da TviTmmarTvelobis da
iuridiul komisiaT.

dRiuri wesrigi

1. saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20 mil­

ion maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb _ ucxoeTSi gasatan saqonlis dasamza­
deblad da ucxoeTidan saqonlis Semosatanad.

241
 2. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ mTavar sabaJos
sammarTvelos da foTis da soxumis sabaJoebis Statebis gadidebis
Sesaxeb.
3. dekreti _ savaWro-samrewvelo da saxelosno dawesebulebaTa
daqiravebul binidan gaZevebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.
4. dekreti _ jaris nawilebidan gaqcevis sawinaaRmdego zomebis
Sesaxeb.
5. dekreti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan naxevari milioni man. gadadebi­
sa _ anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad.
6. dekreti _ yofil amierkavkasiis 1915-1917 w. saerTo kreditebis
1919 w. gavrcelebisa.
Tavmjdomare. amtkicebT dRiur wesrigs Tu ara? dRiuri wesrigi
damtkicebulia.
gansaxilvelia:

saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ mTavrobis gankargulebaSi 20

milioni man. gadadebis Sesaxeb _ ucxoeTSi gasatan saqonlis
dasamzadeblad da ucxoeTidan saqonelis Semo­s atanad.

momxsenebelia q.-ni soloRaSvilis asuli.

q-ni soloRaSvilis asuli. (aRniSnavs komisiis mier dekretis te­
qstSi Setanil saredaqcio xasiaTis SesworebaT da Semdeg muxlobriv
kiTxulobs dekretis saboloo teqsts).
damfuZnebeli kreba dekretis saboloo teqsts ucvlelad iRebs.
Tav­mjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi:

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ mTavar

sabaJos sammar­T velosa da foTisa da soxumis
sabaJoebis Statebis gadidebisa.

momxsenebelia sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis wevri al. asaTiani.

al. asaTiani. (kiTxulobs kanon-proeqts muxlobriv. damfuZnebe­
li kre­ba TviTeul muxls ucvlelad iRebs).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi mTlianad kanon-proeqtisa? ar­
avin. miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT.

242
 dekreti kanon-proeqtisa _ savaWro-samrewvelo da
saxe­l osno dawese­b ulebaTa daqiravebul
binidan gaZevebis Se­C erebis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebl sergi jafariZes.

sergei jafariZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! am dekretis proeqtiT, romel­
Tac aq mogaxsenebT, SeCerdeba savaWro, samrewvelo da saxelosno
dawesebulebaTa daqiravebul binidan gaZeveba. rogorc mogexsene­
baT, am Jamad arsebobs kanoni; es kanoni aris ruseTis droebiT mTav­
robis mier gamocemuli 5 agvistos 1917 wels da es kanoni exeba sacx­
ovrebel binebs. am kanonis ZaliT, saxlis patrons ufleba ara aqvs
gaagdos binidan misi damqiravebeli, Tundac vada gasuli hqondes,
Tu ki is, damqiravebeli, Tavis droze ixdis fuls. mxolod im SemTx­
vevaSi, Tu Tavis pirad saWiroebisTvis unda bina, saxlis patrons
SeuZlian mimarTos sasamarTlos da gaagdos binidan is, visac vada
ukve gauTavda. mxolod arc es kanoni, arc sxva romelime iuridiuli
norma ar exeba im binebs, romelsac qiraoben savaWro, samrewvelo
warmoebisTvis. amis gamo saxlis patronebis TviTneboba gamefebuli
aris dRes. xdeba is, rom visac ki vada gauvida, gadadebuli eqsplu­
ataciis xasiaTis mqone pirobebs udeben, da Tu es pirobebi damqirave­
belma ar miiRo, imas quCaze agdeben. aqedan daibada iseTi mdgo­
mareoba, rom vaWrobis da umTavresad wvrili vaWrebi da xelosnebi
iZulebulni arian Tavis saqme daketon da quCaze gavidnen, radganac
samagiero binas ver Souloben. msxvili vaWrebi, vinc gansakuTre­
biT spekuliacias eweva, isini iReben yovelgvar pirobebs saxlis pa­
tronebisagan, rasakvirvelia, im azriT da ganzraxviT, rom mere es
momatebuli qira daadon Tavis saqonels, da orad da samad gadaax­
devinon myidvel xalxs. am eqsploataciam saxlis patronebisagan ise­
Ti mwvave xasiaTi miiRo, rom zogierT alagebSi adgilobrivi TviTm­
marTveloba Careula saqmeSi, magaliTad, quTaisSi moxda, da xSirad
exlac xdeba: rodesac sasamarTlos boqauli maRaziis patrons ag­
debs maRaziidan, TviTmmarTveloba erT saaTSi ukan abrunebs Tavis
miliciis SemweobiT, amnairad mkvidrdeba anarqia saxelmwifos or­
ganoebis moqmedebaSi. quTaisis TviTmmarTvelobam mimarTa iustici­
is saministros TxovniT, rom raime zomebi mieRo sasamarTlos gana­
Cenebis SeCerebisaTvis, magram radganac saTanado kanoni uflebas ar
aZlevda, amitom saministro uZluri iyo raime zoma mieRo. saqarTve­
los savaWro palatam mimarTa saTanado dawesebulebas TxovniT, rom
raime zomebi iyos miRebuli. ai yvela amis gamo TviTmmarTvelobis
da mmarTvelobis komisiam aRZra sakiTxi da mimarTa iuridiul komi­
sias winadadebiT, rom raime zomebi iqnes amis winaaRmdeg miRebuli.
iuridiul komisiam gaiziara aucilebloba aseT zomisa, da Semovida
droebiTi xasiaTis dekretiT. am dekrets me vambob, droebiTi xas­

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iaTi eqneba, radganac im sabinao kanons, romelic am Jamad moqmedobs
da Seexeba sacxovrebel binebs, vada gauva am wlis pirvel agvistos,
amisTvis samagieroT kanoni aris saWiro. damuSavebuli iqneba sam­
agiero axali kanon-proeqti da komisia axlo momavalSi Semova dam­
fuZnebel krebaSi. is axali proeqti, romelic Semova, exeba binebs,
rogorc sacxovreblebs, ise iseT binebsac, sadac iqneba moTavsebuli
savaWro warmoeba. sanam es axali kanoni iqneba miRebuli damfuZneb­
el krebis mier, manamdi iuridiuli komisia saWirod scnobs sTxovos
damfuZnebel krebas miiRos es dekreti.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobisTvis? msurveli
ar gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT muxlobriv.
(jafariZe. kiTxulobs muxlobriv. dekreti miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. me-4 sakiTxi gaxlavT:

dekreti jaris nawilebidan gaqcevis

sawinaaRmdego zome­b is Sesaxeb.

aq dRiur wesrigSi aRniSnulia, rom momxsenebelni arian batoni

guruli da jafariZe, magram gancxadeba gaxlavT samxedro komisiis
Tavmjdomarisa, saidanac sCans, rom momxsenebeli iqneba marto krebis
wevri jafariZe. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
serg. jafariZe. (s.d.) moqalaqeno! jaris organizaciis sasurvel
simaRleze dayenebisTvis bevri pirobebi aris saWiro. erTis mxriv
xalxSi ganviTarebuli Segneba umTavres movaleobas asrulebs samS­
oblos winaSe, meores mxriv mTeli rigi im zomebisa, romelic unda
miiRos saxelmwifom imaT winaaRmdeg vinc aseT movaleobas gaurbis. im
zomebTa ricxvSi, ra Tqma unda, didi mniSvneloba aqvs administrati­
ul aparats, mowyobil aparats, romelic Tavisuflad ar gaaWaWanebs
arc sofelSi da arc qalaqSi imaT, vinc samxedro samsaxurs gaurbis.
meores mxriv saWiro aris dadeba aseTi sasjelis, romliTac usaTuod
unda daisajos esa Tu is piri samxedro samsaxuridan gaqcevisaTvis,
da is vinc emaleba am movaleobis asrulebas. es dekreti, romelsac me
Tqven mogaxsenebT, Seexeba mxolod erT zomas, ese igi sasjelis gan­
sazRvras imis winaaRmdeg, vinc samxedro samsaxurs emaleba. arsebul
kanonebSi es sasjeli gansazRvruli aris or kategoriad: erTi gax­
lavT sasjelTa samxedro wesdeba _ am wesdebis ZaliT sasjels udebs
samxedro sasamarTlo, mxolod mere kanonebis rigi, anu kategoria,
gaxlavT sisxlis sasamarTlos saerTo debulebis kanoni, romelic
sjis imaT, vinc Tavidanve ar gamocxaddeba, an vinc waaqezebs vis­
mes, rom Tavisi samsaxuri ar aasrulos, an dafaravs, an xels uwyobs
gaqcevas da samxedro samsaxuris ausruleblobas. es dekreti exeba
mxolod kanonTa pirvel kategorias, ese igi im kanons, romelSiac aR­
niSnuli aris sasjeli samxedro wesebisa. rac Seexeba meore katego­

244
riis kanonebs, amis Sesaxeb ramodenime cvlileba iqneba Semotanili
am axlo momavalSi damfuZnebel krebis gansaxilvelad. ram gamoi­
wvia axali dekreti, Tu ki marTla arsebobs iseTi kanonebi, romelic
ueWvelia sjis, _ vinaidan ruseTi Zalian sjida imaT, vinc emaleboda
samxedro samsaxurs? _ ram gamoiwvia aseTi dekretis Semotana aq, Tu
ki aseTi kanoni ukve gvaqvs? saqme imaSi aris, rom im kanoniT, romelic
exla moqmedebs, gansazRvrulia mcneba gaqcevisa samxedro samsaxuri­
dan ise, rom danaSaulis dasja umravles SemTxvevaSi yovlad SeuZle­
belia. aq aris naTqvami, samsaxuridan neba daurTvelad wasvlad an
gaqcevad CaiTvleba, Tu vinme Tavis samxedro nawils, an samsaxuris
adgils miatovebs, im ganzraxviT, rom daemalos Tavis samxedro be­
garis asrulebas. _ ese igi aq aris Setanili iseTi subieqturi mo­
menti, rodesac damtkiceba danaSaulisa sasamarTlosTvis SeuZlebe­
lia. magaliTad, vinme wavida frontidan, an samxedro samsaxuridan,
rogor daamtkicebT, rom is wavida im mizniT, rom frontze moqmede­
baSi ar miiRos monawileoba, an da samsaxuri aicilos Tavidan, da ara
imisTvis, rom col-Svili, mSoblebi naxos, yana damkos da sxva. ai um­
Tavresi motivi, romelic praqtikulad SeuZleblad qmnis damnaSavis
dasjas sasamarTlo wesiT, da swored am dekretSi aris Setanili is
cvlileba, rom es subieqtiuri momenti amoRebulia kanonidan da da­
tovebuli aris mxolod erTi formaluri niSani: vinc mokle vadiT
wavida samxedro samsaxuridan, ara umetes 6-7 dRisa mSvidobianobis
dros, da ara umetes erTi dRisa da Ramisa omianobis dros, wavida da
ukan dabrunda, is CaiTvleba neba daurTvelad wasulad, xolo vinc
meti vadiT wavida mSvidobianobis dros 6 dRis metiT da omiano­
bis dros dRe da RamiT metiT, is CaiTvleba gaqceulad, rusebi, rom
ityvian „побег“, „дезертирство“. amisdamixedviT sasjelic gansxvavdeba:
vinc didi vadiT wavida da metad daigviana, is isjeba ufro meti sas­
jeliT, vidre is, vinc mokle vadiT wavida da mere dabrunda. rac Se­
exeba sxva pirTa dasjas, is vinc malavs gaqceuls, an xels uwyobs, an
aqezebs _ amis Sesaxeb axlo momavalSi Semova axali dekreti da amas
ganvixilavT. exla ki umTavresi mizani am dekretisa aris is, rom sas­
jeli gavxadoT aucilebeli, rom daisajos is, vinc Tavis umTavres
movaleobas ar asrulebs. es saWiro aris. me ar mimaCnia exla Sesa­
Zleblad cifrebi moviyvano, gasageb mosazrebis gamo, Tu ramdeni
aris exla jarSi, ramdeni ar gamocxadda, ramdeni aris gaqceuli,
_ vityvi mxolod, rom metad sagrZnobi nawili im kategoriisa, ro­
melnic unda gamocxadebuliyo samxedro smsaxurSi, ar gamocxadden
Tavidan, da didi nawili gamocxadebulTagan gaqceulia da emaleba
exla samsaxurs, ai am mizezebis gamo samxedro komisiam da agreTve
iuridiul komisiam daimuSaves is dekreti, romelsac mogaxsenebT Tu
gadavalT muxlobriv ganxilvazed.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs Sengelaias.

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 l. Sengelaia. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno! didi
revoliuciis gazafxulze gamoica erTi udidesi da ukeTilSobilesi
aqti. es iyo maSin, rodesac Tebervlis revoliuciis Semdeg, politi­
kurad gamarjvebulma mSromelma xalxma igrZno agreTve zneobrivi
ganaxleba, igrZno sulieri gadaxaliseba, es diadi sulieri gadatexa
farTo masebisa gamoixata im istoriul aqtSi, romelmac gaauqma es
samarcxvino instituti sikvdiliT dasjisa. rogorc viciT, ruseTis
droebiTi mTavrobam, sasiqadulod ruseTis demokratiisa da sasix­
arulod moazrovne da Tavisufal kacobriobisa, sagangebo aqtiT gaau­
qma es samarcxvino instituti, es iyo simbolo revoliuciis moralur
janmrTelobisa. am aqtSi gamoixata sulier Zliereba Tavisufali da
gamarjvebuli demokratiisa. Tqven iciT, Zveli TviTmpyrobeluri ti­
rania, Zveli biurokratiuli reJimi da saxrCobela. erTi meoresTan
mWidrod da organiulad dakavSirebulni iyvnen. Tqven iciT, rom tax­
ti da saxrCobela erTi meores gulisxmobda, erTi meores icavda, im­
itom moxda, rom revoliuciam daamsxvria erTic da meorec. revoli­
uciis talRebma waleken, rogorc taxti, ise sax­rCobela, demokratiam
daamsxvria, rogorc mefe, ise jalaTi. amnairad Tavisufalma demokra­
tiam Seasrula Tavisi udidesi politikuri da moraluri misia: da­
Turgna TavisuflebiT sikvdili! aq warmodgenili dekreti aris
tlanqi da sruli restavracia, im institutisa, romelsac ebrZoda
mTeli mowinave demokratia, da romelic revoliuciis gazafxulze
ukve gaauqma mSromelma xalxma. umTavresi gamarTleba am dekretisa,
misi avtorebis azriT aris is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romel­
Siac Cven dRes vimyofebiT. marTlac da dRes Cveni mdgomareoba iSvia­
Ti aris, dRes saqarTvelos demokratia da misi respublika warmoad­
gens alya Semortymul cixes: Cvens marTal saqmes, Cvens samarTlian
moTxovnilebas auarebeli mtrebi hyavs. maTi lozungi aris: an dRes an
arasodes, vinaidan kargad ician, rom Cven dRes ganvicdiT gardamaval
xanas, ician, rom is eri, is demokratia, romelic dRvandel pirobebSi
kriziss gadaitans, romelic gaumklavdeba gamarjvebuli imperial­
izmisa da TavaSvebul reaqciis talRebs, momavalSi uzrunvelyofili
iqneba katastrofisagan. imitom aris, rom Cven winaaRmdeg gaSmagebu­
li ieriSebi moaqvT, imitomac aris, rom Cvens winaaRmdeg SeTqmule­
ba dRiTi-dRe izrdeba. aseT pirobebSi b. samxedro ministri saSinel
ambavs mogviTxrobs, TviT ganmartebis baraTSi, is swers rom Cvenma
dezertirobam masiuri xasiaTi miiRo, rom jaris kacebi gamorbian
ara marto frontidan, aramed zurgis nawilebidanaco. rogorc vxe­
davT mdgomareoba friad damafiqrebeli aris. mTavroba mas savsebiT
grZnobs da surs am samarcxvino movlenas SeebrZolos, magram, samwux­
arod, ver gamonaxa namdvili recepti, sikvdiliT dasja! moqalaqeno
Tqven gexsomebaT, rom Cvenma fraqciam Tavis deklaraciaSi Semdegi
moTxovnileba wamoayena. Zveli saukunoebis samarcxvino memkvidreoba
jalaTi da saxrCobela Tavisufali da xalxur saqarTveloSi ar unda

246
iqnes. fraqcia moiTxovs sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebaso. Cven gvegona,
rom am daskvnamde mividoda umravlesobis fraqciac. Cven gvegona, rom
umravlesobis partia, bolos da bolos darwmundeboda aseT reform­
is saWiroebaSi, magram, Cvenda samwuxarod, aseTi Cveni molodini ar
marTldeba, amas amtkicebs warmodgenili dekreti. es dekreti aramc
Tu ar moiTxovs sikvdi­liT dasjis gauqmebas, es dekreti moiTxovs am
kanonis gafarToebas, am institutis ufro mkacrs, ufro sastik for­
maSi Camosxmas. Cveni movaleoba aris, vidre ganvixilavdeT am dekrets,
davsvaT kiTxva, gaamarTla Tu ara cxovrebam es instituti, miaxwia
Tu ara man mizans. am kiTxvaze pasuxi unda gareSe yovelgvar santi­
mentalizmisa, gareSe yovelive grZnobisa, am kiTxvaze pasuxi unda
gavceT imisdamixedviT, Tu ras gveubneba Cveni revoliucionuri ga­
mocdileba, Tu ras gvaswavlis warsulis gakveTilebi.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom revoliuciis sinamdvilem Cven mogvca
mravali metamorfozebi, da mravali siurprizebi, da am siurprize­
bis Soris iyo aseTic: im xelma, romelmac ruseTSi gaauqma sikvdil­
iT dasja, isev SemoiRo es instituti. amaSi iyo traRedia ruseTis
demokratiisa, fiqrobdnen, rom am institutis SemoRebiT ixsnidnen
fronts daSlisagan, xolo zurgs anarqiisagan. magram, rogorc Cven
viciT, molodini ar gamarTlda, fronti daiSala, xolo revoliuciis
stiqiam waleka TviT droebiTi mTavroba, amnairad sikvdiliT dasjam
ver ixsna verc droebiTi mTavroba, da verc fronti. ruseTSi ufro
adre am institutiT uxvad sargeblobda biurokratia, eSafotiTa da
saSineli represiebiT mas surda daetuqsa mTeli revoliucionuri
moZraoba, magram Cven viciT, rom saSinlad damarcxda biurokratia,
xolo mSromelma xalxma ki brwyinvaled gaimarjva. oqtombris ga­
datrialebis Semdeg, viTomda dasatuqsavad, kontr-revoliuciisa,
bolSevikebma gaamefes saSineli terori. isini xvretdnen braliansa
da ubralos. magram mizans ver miaRwies Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
dRes ruseTSi kontr-revoliucia aTjer ufro Zlieri aris, vidre
maSin, rodesac es instituti gaauqmes. amnairad istoriuli faqtebi
gveubneba, rom es istoriuli faqtebi gveubneba, rom es instituti
mizans ver axwevs, is aris uazro da umizno da rogorc aseTi unda
uarvyoT. moqalaqeno, mTavari mosazreba, romliTac amarTlebdnen da
dResac amarTleben am institutis SemoRebas aris Semdegi: amboben,
rom sikvdiliT dasja es aris teroristuli brZola, rodesac saxel­
mwifo mimarTavs Sinaur da gareSe anarqiis dros. unda mogaxsenoT,
rom es analogia revoliucionur terorisa da sikvdiliT dasjis
Soris sruliad uadgiloa, usafuZvlo da uazro. unda mogaxsenoT,
revoliucionur terors mimarTavden sul sxva mizanebisaTvis da
sul sxva pirobebSi vidre sikvdiliT dasjas. terori iyo Tavdacvis
saSualeba. am saSualebas mimarTavden mxolod imitom, rom revoli­
ucionerebs TavianT revoliucionur Rirsebis da demokratiis sasi­
cocxlo inetresebis dasafaravad sxva saSualeba ar hqondaT, magram

247
aSkara aris, saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian am motivebiT gaamarTlos sikv­
diliT dasja, saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian sTqvas, vinidan sxva saSuale­
ba ar maqvs, amitom damnaSave unda davxvrito, vinaidan is saxelmwi­
foc romelsac saxrCobelis meti araferi ara aqvs, saxelmwifo aRar
aris! revoliucionuri terori iyo saagitacio saSualeba, teror­
istul aqtebiT Cven vaswavlidiT xalxs brZolas, Cven veubnebodiT
mas, Tu ginda daamarcxo mteri da gaimarjvo, Sen unda SeiaraRde
da iaraRiT xelSi SeebrZolo mters. aSkaraa, yovlad SeuZlebelia
vinmem sTqvas, rom sikvdiliT dasjas saagitacio mniSvneloba aqvs.
(xmauroba) Cven vebrZodiT teroriT Cven mtrebs, imitom, rom Cveni
mtrebi privilegiur mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen, imaT yovelg­
vari saSualeba hqondaT, Cven ki araviTari ufleba da araviTari sa­
Sualeba ar gvqonda. arc am mxriv SeiZleba es instituti gavamarT­
loT, vinaidan, SeuZlebelia, roca erT mxareze sdgas saxelmwifo
da meore mxareze sdas damnaSave, SeuZlebelia saxelmwifom sTqvas,
rom damnaSave, romelic unda daxvriton privilegiur mdgomareoba­
Si, aris, upiratesoba aqvs. vinaidan Tu vismes aqvs upiratesoba, es
aris isev saxelmwifo, romelsac xelT upyvria mTeli aRmasrulebeli
Zala, mTeli meqanizmi marTva-gamgeobisa, mTeli iZulebiTi aparati
ase, rom revoliucionur terorsa da sikvdiliT dasjas Soris ara­
viTari analogia ar aris.
rodesac saxelmwifos Semoaqvs sikvdiliT dasja, mas SeiZleba
hqondes ori mosazreba: an mas eSinia, rom ama Tu im pirma, borotmo­
qmedma ar daaqcios saxelmwifo, an mas surs am institutiT SeaSinos,
daafrTxos damnaSaveni, raTa maT xeli aaRebinos borot-moqmedebaze.
magram aSkaraa, arc pirvel, arc meore SemTxvevaSi sikvdiliT dasja
mizans ver miaRwevs, imitom, rom Tu ki saxelmwifo imdenad sustia,
rom mas daamxobs erTi da ori piri, sul erTia aseTi saxelmwifo mainc
daiqceva da mas ver uSvelis sikvdiliT dasja. xolo Tu saxelmwi­
fos surs sikvdiliT dasjis SemoRebiT SeaSinos vinme, xeli aaRebi­
nos borotmoqmedeaze, Cven unda gavyveT am loRikas bolomdis, maSin
unda SemoiRon sivdiliT dasja sajarod, maSin saxelmwifom unda
SemoiRos wameba, maSin saxelmwifom unda SemoiRos rozgebiT dasja.
Tqven xedavT, rom es gza da aseTi loRika migvaqanebs ufskrulamde.
Tu ramdenad uazro da umizno aris es dasja, CvenTvis aSkara iqneba,
Tu ganvixilavT damnaSaveTa sxva da sxva kategoriebs. yvela is, visac
exeba sikvdiliT dasja, Cven SegviZlian davyoT sam jgufaT: erTi jgu­
fi aris is, visac amoZravebs raime rwmena, raime politikuri an so­
cialuri ideali, meore jgufSi iqnebian avadmyofebi, patologiuri
tipebi, mesameSi iqneba didi umravlesoba, is pirebi, romelTac obi­
eqturi pirobebi, duxWiri cxovreba aiZuleben danaSuloba Caidinon.
aviRoT pirveli kategoria, aq maSasadame, aris is xalxi, romelsac
amoZravebs raime ideali. cxadia, rom im xalxis winaaRmdeg, romel­
sac amoZravebs raime rwmena, raime ideali, romelic sikvdilis winaSe

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Tavis kerps eubneboda: morituri te salutant, _ Cven kvlav movalT gavimar­
jvebTo. am pirebis sikvdiliT dasja mizans ver miaRwevs, vinaidan
aseTi zoma ver aRwevda mizans mTeli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. avi­
RoT meore kategoria, aq arian, maSasadame, avadmyofebi, patologi­
uri tipebi. aramc Tu Cveni TvalsazrisiT, aramed TviT burJuaziis
iurisprudenciis TvalsazrisiTac es xalxi, patologiuri tipebi
upasuxismgeblo arian, невминяемие, aqedan cxadia, rom im xalxs, rome­
lic avadmyofia ver movTxovT verafers da verc davsjiT sikvdiliT.
maSasadame darCa mesame kategoria, aq aris damnaSaveTa didi nawili,
is xalxi romelic duxWirma cxovrebam, obieqturma pirobebma aiZu­
la aiZla Caedina esa Tu is danaSauli. (arseniZe: dezertiroba?) aq
ismeba sakiTxi, marTla Cven gvaqvs ufleba zneobrivi da iuridiuli,
rom fizikurad gavanadgurod es xalxi? (xma: tolstois mimdevari
brZandebiT?) ukacravad aq tolstois teoria ar aris . Cven urCevT
pirdapir brZolas, Tu saxelmwifos winaRmdeg vinme iaraRiT gamodis,
saxelmwifos aqvs ufleba iaraRiTve daxvdes da pirdapir brZolaSi
gaanadguros Tavisi mteri, magram Tu brZola gaTavda, mowinaaRmdege
damarcxebuli da iaraR ayrilia, Tu saxelmwifo aq mimarTavs sikv­
diliT dasjas, es aris SurisZieba da ara brZola. diax, SurisZieba
aris imitom, rom saxelmwifos mxolod maSin SeuZlian sikvdiliT
dasja vismesi, rodesac is Seipyrobs am damnaSaves, rodesac damnaSave
aris mis xelSi, ese igi iaraRad ayrili da damarcxebuli, damarcxebu­
lis dasja ki, es aris Suris-Zieba damarcxebulze.
maSasadame, rom aviRoT mesame kategoria xalxisa unda davsvaT
sakiTxi, _ gvaqvs Tu ara zneobrivi ufleba es xalxi fizikuraT gava­
nadguroT, (xma: social-demokratebis skamebidan: romeli naZirale­
bi?) is xalxi, romelTac obieqturi pirobebi aiZulebs danaSauloba
Caidinos, sxvaTa-Soris naZiralebic. Cven gvaxsovs erTi moZRvreba,
romelic ambobs pirovneba socialur sazogadoebriv wris pirmSo
Svili aris. es moZRvreba gaxlavT marqsizmi (sayvareliZe adgilidan:
marqssac gageba unda!), marqsi gvaswavlida, rom adamiani ar ibadeba
arc keTili, arc boroti, Tu adamianma boroteba Caidina es aris um­
Tavresad Sedegi cxovrebis normaluri pirobebisa. (xmauroba) Tu es
asea, maSin danaSauls ekargeba viwro, personaluri xasiaTi, pirovno­
bas Cven SegviZlian movTxovoT pasuxi da mas pasuxi vagebinoT, magram
ara imdenad, rom fizikurad gavanadgurT. (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, gTxovT, nu uSliT orators.
Sengelaia. Tu ramdenad didi gavlena aqvs obieqtur pirobebs ama
Tu im danaSaulobaze, mis zrdaze, ganviTarebaze, amaze mogviTxrobs
Tu gnebavT sisxlis sasamarTlos statistika. es statistika gveubne­
ba, rom danaSaulis zrdaze da ganviTarebaze gavlena aqvs aramc Tu
iseT did faqtebs, rogoric aris socialuri pirobebi, profesia, ga­
naTleba, aramed iseT ubralo faqtorebsac, rogoric aris asaki, sqe­
si, erovneba da sxva. samwuxarod momxsenebeli sruliad angariSs ar

249
uwevs am obieqtur pirobebs, (xma social-demokratiul mxridan: ag­
itacia!) sruliad ar uwevs angariSs, arc ki svams kiTxvas raT xdeba,
riTia gamowveuli es, da ra xasiaTisaa es movlena. am mxriv gacilebiT
ufro maRla sdgas samxedro ministri, romelic Tavis ganmartebis
baraTSi swers, rom dezertirebs xels uwyoben maTi mSoblebi, mego­
brebi da mTavrobis agentebio, rom jaris kacebi gamorbian aramc Tu
frontidan, aramed zurgis nawilebidanac, sadac SedarebiT ukeTes
pirobebSi arian. rogorc xedavT, batonebo, aq danaSulobas, dezer­
tirobas miuRia masiuri xasiaTi da Tu Tqven gnebavT dezertiro­
bisTvis daxvritoT xalxi maSin unda gahyveT am loRikas bolomdis,
unda moiqceT ise rogorc moiqca samxedro ministri, romelic pir­
vel dekretSi moiTxovda rogorc dezertirebs ise maTi mSoblebis
da megobrebis dasjas. dRevandel dekretSi ki es moxsnilia. diax, aq
maSasadame danaSaulobas ara aqvs piradi xasiaTi, mas aqvs sazogadoe­
brivi xasiaTi, _ da Tu davsjiT Cven dezertirebs, unda davsajoT
maTi mSoblebic, maTi megobrebi, mTavrobis agentebic ese igi Cven
unda davsajoT, diax mTeli saqarTvelo!
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, nu uSliT orators.
Sengelaia. me vici, aq gamovlen da ityvian, maS rogor unda moveqceT
dezertirebs, moRalatebso, maS maT Cven ar unda SevebrZoloTo?
diax dezertirebs unda SevebrZoloT, magram rom es brZola nayofi­
eri gamodges, unda gavigoT ra iwvevs danaSaulobas, dezertirobas.
Cven unda mivaqcioT yuradReba imas, rom es dezertiroba aris Sedegi
Cveni cxovrebis, anormaluri pirobebisa, upirvelesad yovlisa Cven
unda mivaqcioT yuradReba Cveni jaris kacebis da oficrebis nivTi­
er mdgomareobas. Cven rac unda dekreti miviRoT, unayofo iqneba Tu
jariskacebis da oficrebis nivTieri mdgomareoba ar gaumjobesdeba.
gard amisa unda mogaxsenoT, rom dezertirobas mWidro kavSiri aqvs
im yalb politikasTan, romelsac mTavroba awarmoebs yovel darg­
Si. am politikiT aravin ar aris kmayofili, da Tu Cven gvinda, rom
mTelma erma, mTelma saqarTvelom daicvas samSoblos damoukideblo­
ba, Cven unda gavxadoT es samSoblo, es damoukidebloba socialurad
mimzidveli, es gaxlavT conditio sine qua non uromlisodac Cven ver da­
vicavT Cven samSoblos. Cven ar SegviZlian davicavT Cveni samSoblo
marto daxvretiT da CamoxrCobiT. sikvdiliT dasjas, batonebo, yvel­
gan hyavda damcvelebi, maT Soris iyvnen iseTi msxvili moRvaweebic,
rogorc iyo gegeli, ruso da sxvebi, magram aseTi ususuri damcvele­
bi, rogorc CvenSi aris, sikvdiliT dasjas arsad hyolia. rom es ese
aris amas amtkicebs social-demokratiuli presa. social-demokra­
tiul presam uZRvna am sakiTxs ramodenime werili SarSan, rodesac
erovnul sabWom daakanona sikvdiliT dasja, marTlia es sikvdiliT
dasja droebiTi iyo, magram es droebiTi aqamdis aris. ai maSin amas
gamoexmaura social-demokratiuli presa. ai sxvaTa Soris ras swer­
da gazeTi „borba“ warsuli wlis #111: Sinaur omis dros, ambob­

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da es gazeTi, Cven unda mivmarToT im zomebs, romelsac mimarTavs
saxelmwifo gareSe omis dros. maSasadame, daaskvnis gazeTi „borba“:
„Cven unda SemoviRoT sikvdiliT dasja“. unda mogaxsenoT, rom so­
cial-demokratebs Cveulebriv aviwydebaT erTi patara faqti, saxel­
dob is, rom arc erT kulturul qveyanaSi ar arsebobs iseTi kanoni,
romelic Cven gvaZlevdes uflebas davxvritoT iaraR ayrili Sepyro­
bili mteri, radganac es iqneboda Suris-Zieba, meti araferi. rodesac
saxelmwifo damnaSaves Seipyrobs, cixeSi Casvams, misi sikvdiliT das­
ja swored, rom damarcxebulebze Suris-Ziebaa. gazeTi „borba“ ufro
Sors wavida, warsuli wlis #107 nomerSi „borba“ Semdegsa swerda:
„saxelmwifos organizms dauyovnebliv unda movsWraT anarqiuli
elementebi, magram rogor? saxelmwifos sisuste sxvaTa Soris imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom Cvens saxelmwifos ara aqvs namdvili satusaRoebi,
sadac SeiZleboda mogvemwyvdia sazogadoebis damrRvevi elemente­
bi, ar aris araviTari katorRebi, sadac SegveZlo gagvegzavna isini,
rom saxelmwifos movaSoroT maTi gamanadgurebeli muSaobao“. ai, mo­
qalaqeno, damnaSaveni unda davxvritoTo, radgan cixeebi da kator­
Rebi ara gvaqvso. aq batonebo, komentariebi zedeti aris, vinaidan
aseT cinizmamde ar misula arc erTi TviTmpyrobeli. es xdeba imitom,
rom socialistur TvalsazrisiT sikvdiliT dasjis gamarTleba da
dasabuTeba SeuZlebelia! (xma: Cernovi da kerenski!) Cernovi momxre
arasodes ar yofila; kerenski, rom momxre iyo imitom iyo, rom gaimar­
jva (xma: xom Zalian gaimarjveT!). rom amnairi zomebiT ar SeiZleba ga­
vamagroT fronti d SevqmnaT mtkice disciplina, amas kargad grZnob­
da social-demokratia. Cven viciT aseTi faqtebi, rodesac droebiTma
mTavrobam SemoiRo sikvdiliT dasja, maSin social-demokratebma
gamoitanes auarebeli rezoliuciebi, am rezoliuciebSi moiTxovd­
nen dauyovnebliv sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas, da iciT vin awerda am
rezoliuciebs xels? xels awerdnen social-demokratebi. Cven metic
viciT, rodesac Tfilisis qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobaSi daisva ofi­
cialurad es sakiTxi, iq social-demokratiis fraqciis saxeliT ga­
movida oratori, romelic sityva sityviT ambobda: „zedmetia imaze
laparaki, rom sikvdiliT dasjas ar SeuZlia aRadginos discipli­
na, is Tavs mogvaxvia droebiTma mTavrobamo“. es sityvebi, batonebo,
ekuTvnis qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis soc.-dem. fraqciis oficialur
orators da dRevandel Cveni damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomares b.
lomTaTiZes. im sxdomaze, sadac es sakiTxi daisva social-demokrati­
ulma fraqciam, romelic moxre aris sikvdiliT dasjisa, Semoitana
Semdegi rezoliucia: „iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi, rom frontze sikvdil­
iT dasja SemoRebuli iyo dr. mTavrobis mier mxolod da mxolod uma­
Rlesi sardlobis zegavleniT, romelsac surda is gamoeyenebia, ro­
gorc Zlieri iaraRi jaris demokratizaciasTan brZolaSi, es zoma
rev. disciplinis Sesaqmnelad da gasamtkiceblad ki gadaWriT uary­
ofil unda iqnes; scnobs ra, rom zemo moyvanili mosazrebaTa gamo

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sikvdiliT dasjis SemoReba frontze aris zoma reaqcionuri, Tbil.
qal. sabWo moiTxovs frontze mis gauqmebas“. (xmauroba) ai, batonebo,
es gaxlavT Tqveni rezoliucia da amaSi aSkarad naTqvami aris, rom es
yovlad miuRebeli zoma aris, rom es reaqcionuri zomaa, amiT disci­
plinas ver ganamtkicebT da sxva. da dRes ki igive fraqcia, igive moR­
vaweebi sul winaaRmdegs moiTxoven. amaze ityvian: O tempora! O mores!
amnairad ar aris araviTari seriozuli mosazrebebi, romliTac Cven
SegveZlo gagvemarTlebina sikvdiliT dasja. swored es gvaiZulebs am
dekretis winaaRmdeg mivceT xma, ai am mosazrebisa gamo Cveni fraq­
cia winaaRmdegi aris warmodgenil dekretisa. es dekreti, batonebo,
erTxel kidev adasturebs imas, rom umravlesobis partiam, xelmZRvan­
elma partiam dakarga aramc Tu socialisturi da demokratiuli saxe,
aramed is kargavs kulturul saxesac ki, diax, kulturul saxesac, ma­
gram amis Sesaxeb vrclad Cven albaT, gveqneba saSualeba vilaparakoT
maSin, rodesac Tqven rozgebs SemoiRebT!..
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs.
samxedro ministri noe ramiSvili. moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel kre­
bis wevrno! baton eserebis socializmsa da demokratizmze me mqondaa
laparaki erT-erT maTi SekiTxvis gamo. (xma eserebisagan: rodesac
saSinlad damarcxdiT!) am SekiTxvis dros Cven davinaxeT, rom eserebis
partia winaaRmdegi yofila yoveli revoliucionuri zomisa (Senge­
laia adgilidan: tyuilia!) rasac mimarTavs yoveli revoliucionuri
mTavroba. (Sengelaia adgilidan: Jirondistebi) visia es zoma imasac
gaigebT da Tqven dainaxavT, rom swored revoliucionuri safrange­
Tis konventi, es umaRlesi organo revoliuciisa, gadaWriT momxre
iyo im zomebisa, romelsac mudam mimarTvda da axlac mimarTavs Cveni
mTavroba, magram, rogorc sCans is gakveTili, romelic maSin eserebma
miiRes es sakmarisi ar yofila. me arc vfiqrobdi, rom dRes Sedare­
biT nakleb mniSvnelovani kiTxvis gamo (xma: sikvdiliT dasja ar aris
TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani?) romelic exeba brZolas dezertirobasTan,
SesaZlebeli iqneboda principialuri kamaTi sikvdiliT dasjis brZo­
lis Sesaxeb. magram rogorc sCans, am gakveTilma uqmad Caiara da ai
aq unda mogaxsenoT, batono eserebo, vin iyo yovel revoliucionur
xanaSi winaaRmdegi im zomebis, romelzedac aq laparakoben, kerZo
sikvdiliT dasjisa. me gadaWriT vamtkiceb, mudam winaaRmdegi iyo
am zomebisa zomieri konstitucionuri partiebi. „istoriis mcodne“
batoni Sengelaia laparakobs _ Jirondistebio. albaT Tqven iciT
istoriidan, roca dasajes lui me-16-te, es albad Caidines kontr-­
revoliucionerebma. me unda movaxseno b. Sengelaias, rom swored is
Jirondistebi, romelzedac is laparakobs, isini iyvnen winaaRmdegebi
mefis sikvdiliT dasjisa. es aris istoriuli faqti da swored es is­
toriuli faqti ambobs imas, rom mudam revoliucionuri demokratia
mimarTvda im zomebs, ramdenadac es zomebi iqneboda mimarTuli rea­
qciis winaaRmdeg. (Sengelaia: diax, reaqciis winaaRmdeg!) diax, rea­

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qciis winaaRmdeg, da Tqven dainaxavT, rom dezertiroba es aris mov­
leba reaqcionuri: _ mets vityvi, es aris iseTi movlena, romelic xels
uwyobs or Cven istoriul mters, romelic erTi CrdiloeTidan aris,
da meore xan Signidan xan garedan gvebrZvis, an samxreTidan an Sei­
Zleba sxva mxridan gviqadis _ Semosevas. ai, batonebo, es aris sakiTxi,
amaSi aris saqme. yovelTvis revoliucionuri demokratia iZulebu­
li aris Sinauri brZolis dros, romelic arRvevs fronts, mimarTos
im zomebs, ra zomebsac mivmarTavT ara marto Cven, da ara mxolod
dRes, aramed mudam mimarTavs revoliucionuri demokratia. Tqven
verc erT revoliucias ver damisaxelebT, iqneba is didi revoliu­
cia inglisisa, safrangeTisa, garda im zomier partiebisa, romelic
mudam cdiloben, da fiqroben cxovrebis SeCerebas da revoliuciis
damarcxebas, arc erTi wminda revoliucionuri partia ar iyo aseTi
zomebis winaaRmdeg. (sicili eserebis skamebze) marTlac sasaciloa,
rom satirali ar iyos im partiis saqcieli, romelsac mudam Tavi moa­
qvs Tavisi revoliucionerobiT, rom mudam gamodis revoliucionur
zomaTa winaaRmdeg. (xmauroba).
Tavmjdomare. dawynardiT, keTil inebeT nu uSliT ora­tors.
ramiSvili. aq moigones ruseTis istoria, friad sayuradRebo
aris. aq laparakoben, rom ai bolSevikebi swored am gzas misdeveno,
romelsac am SemTxvevaSi Tqvenc mxars uWerTo. ar yofila arc erTi
SemTxveva, rom eserebi, is fraqcia, romelic axla am zomaTa winaaRm­
deg ilaSqrebs, gamosuliyo im partiis winaaRmdeg, romelic cdilobs
Cveni damoukideblobis dasamarebas. piriqiT yvela umTavres zomebs,
romlebic Cven demokratiis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, mxars uWers,
rogorc es iyo gasul wels da exlac isini mxars uWeren umTavres Sem­
TxvevebSi. (xma: marTalia!) Cven erTi unda vsTqvaT marTla winaaRmde­
gi varT im gzisa, romelsac isini misdeven da iciT ratom? ara imitom,
Cven winaaRmdegi viyoT saerTod revoliucionur zomebisa, rogorc
aris sikvdiliT dasja, aramed imitom, rom Cven winaaRmdegni varT
revolucionur zomebisa maSin, roca is mimarTulia umciresobis da­
sacavad. demokratia, mudam aseT kiTxvas svams; vis interesebs emsax­
urebs esa Tu is zoma. marTla Cven winaaRmdegi viyaviT da varT dResac
iseTi zomebisa, romelsac reaqcia gamoiyenebs winaaRmdeg revoli­
ucionur xalxisa, winaaRmdeg didi umravlesobisa. magram piriqiT Tu
ki is zoma xels uwyobs Cveni respublikis ganmtkicebas, maSin aseTi
zomebi savsebiT demokratiulia. ai batonebo, raSia saqme. Cven exla
swored am umTavres TvalTaxedvidan vdgevarT im sakiTxze, romelic
aq aris warmodgenili da romelsac sul ar Seexo b. Sengelaia, ro­
gorc eserebis warmomadgeneli. _ misTvis es sul erTia, gana saqme am
dekretSia? es leqcia mas damzadebuli hqonda sul sxva SemTxvevisT­
vis, magram radganac sxva SemTxveva ver ipovna ai exla aq gamovida. ra
SemTxevaze aris aq laparaki? sikvdiliT dasja unda dakanondes, roca
omianobisa an samxedro moqmedebis dros oficeri an jariskaci mia­

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toveben samsaxurs, an roca gadava is mtris mxareze. „mtris mxareze...
(kiTxulobs..“) (eserebis skamebidan: megobrebi da mSoblebi?) ukacra­
vad mSoblebze calke gveqneba laparaki. gavarCioT es orive SemTx­
veva: aviRoT aseTi SemTxveva: generali naTiSvili gadavida mtris
mxareze, is aris denikinis momxre, (xma: bunebrivi aris!) Cvenda samwux­
arod aris imisTana xalxi, romlisTvisac es bunebrivia, me vambob, ai
amaT winaaRmdeg aris es zomebi, aseTi piris winaaRmdeg aris mimarTu­
li es zomebi. imaT moeliT rogorc daxvreta, agreTve mTeli qonebis
konfiskacia. aviRoT meore SemTxveva. gadadian ara denikinis mxareze,
aramed SigniT aCaReben fronts. me maqvs ufleba dRes ganvacxado,
rom arian zogierTi jgufebi an partiebi, romlebic, me mgonia, emza­
debian gamosvlisTvis. da warmoidgineT aseTi SemTxveva, rom rome­
lime piri, romelic valdebulia CvenSi moixados samxedro begara,
am dros sxvagan, sxva saxelmwifoSi miemarTeba (Sengelaia adgilidan:
daiWireT!), _ emzadeba Cveni respublika daamxos. rogor gvibrZanebs
b. Sengelaia, (Sengelaia adgilidan: imaT SeebrZolebiT) (sayvareliZe:
davajildovoT!) davajildovoT Tu miviRoT zomebi gamosvlis wi­
naaRmdeg? aq pirdapir sakiTxi ase sdgas: an sikvdili an gamarjveba? an
demokratiis gamarjveba an misi dasamareba. da rogor gvibrZanebT, ar
unda miviRoT aseTo zomebi am moRalateebs winaaRmdeg? Tu miviReT
aseTi zomebi Tqven ityviT, _ SeiZleba maT winaaRmdeg sxva sastiki
zomebis miRebao. _ magaliTad aviRoT uvado katorRaSi gagzavna.
me unda mogaxsenoT, rom CvenSi moqmedoben iseTi jgufebi, ro­
melnic acnoben Cvens samxedro viTarebas. maT kargad ician, roca
gaTavdeba brZola, es uvado katorRa rasakvirvelia gabaTildeba.
Tu es ar icis Sengelaiam, es kargad ician denikinelebma da Cvenma Si­
naurma mtrebma. amisTana xalxs aucileblad aSinebs aseTi sasjeli.
denikinelT ideaze laparaki sruliad warmoudgenelia. (Sengelaia
adgilidan: Tqven ver gaigeT.) rasakvirvelia, Tqven ise laparakobT,
rom veravin verafers gaigebs. es marTalia, vinaidan es leqcia, ro­
melic damzadebuli iyo erTi wlis winaT, dRes warmosTqviT, magram
erTi ki aSkara aris, rom is denikinelebi, is dezertirebi, romelnic
garbian, romelnic xels uwyoben Cven demokratiis dasamarebas, imaT
rasakvirvelia araviTari ideologia ara aqvT, ar aqvT iseTi ideo­
logia, romlis winaSe marTla muxli unda moidrikos revoliucio­
nurma demokratiam. da me vambob yovelTvis ase iqceoda revoliucio­
nuri demokratia, rodesac saqme exeboda Tavdacvas, SenarCunebas
revoliucionur monapovrisas. am SemTxvevaSi is araviTari zome­
bis winaSe ar SeCerdeba, rogorc ar SeCerda lui me-16 sikvdiliT
dasjis winaSe. maSinac iyvnen, rasakvirvelia, TqvenisTana azrebis
matarebelni, konstitucionalistebi magram umciresobaSi darCnen
da gamotanili iyo sawinaaRmdego dadgenileba. ai batonebo, aris
meore SemTxvevac _ samxedro moqmedebis dros frontis mitoveba. aq
naTqvamia, aseTi pirni dasjilni iqnebian katorRiT oTxi wlidan 20

254
wlamde, an uvadoT an daxvretiT. ratom aris es? batonebo, me mgo­
nia, rom yvelasTvis aSkara unda iyos, ratom aris naCvenebi sxva da
sxva safexuri sasjelisa. SeiZleba moxdes iseTi SemTxveva, rode­
sac samsaxuridan gaqceva marTlac udidesi danaSauloba iqneba da
maT sikvdiliT dasjian. aris gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva, roca saqme
iRebs masiur xasiaTs, rodesac mag. mTeli gundi miatovebs fronts.
rogor gvibrZanebT, revoliucionur demokratias gadasarCenad ar
unda miiRoT usastikesi zomebi, Tu Cven am SemTxvevaSi unda moviqceT
ise, rogorc iqceva yovelTvis zomieri konstitucionaluri partia,
unda SevxedoT gulgrilad roca Cveni mteri romelime dezertire­
bis jgufis daxmarebiT moisurvebs revoliucionur demokratiis
dasamarebas (xmauroba eserebis skamebidan. xma: maSin daxvriteT!),
rogor unda moviqceT maSin? (xmauroba eserebis skamebze: maSin xalxi
TviT gaasamarTlebs). TviT gasamarTleba TqvenTvis dagvilocnia. ma­
gram erTi ki unda vsTqva: Tu TviT gasamarTlebis zomas, ar mivmar­
TavT, unda mivmarToT meore usastikes zomas, samsjavros meoxebiT
daxvretas. Tqven momxre xarT TviT gasamarTlebis, e.i. anarqiuli
gamosvlis, xolo winaaRmdegi samsajavros mier sikvdiliT dasjis.
amas ewodeba kadetoba. aris aris sakiTxi kidev pirovnebaze. ra mniS­
vneloba aqvs pirovnebis daxvretas, roca mudam ambobT yvelafers
Tavisi gasamarTlebeli mizezi aqvso? Tqven dagviwyebiaT karl marq­
sis debuleba, Tumca mas ixseniebT. yovelive sazogadoebriv movlenas
aqvs Tavisi mizezi, magram pirovnebac axdens gavlenas sazogadoeba­
ze. aq ki es zoma mimarTulia ara mxoloT kerZo pirovnebaTa winaaRm­
deg, aramed amas Cven vaZlevT farTo sazogadoebriv mniSvnelobas:
_ Cven gvsurs, miviRoT zomebi zogierT kerZo pirTa winaaRmdeg
imitom, rom am zomebs aqvs saerTo mniSvneloba, is axdens gavlenas
sazogadoebaze, qmnis iseTs sazogadoebriv atmosferos, romelic
xels uwyobs Cveni demokratiis ganmtkicebas. Tqven ggoniaT, rom Cven
SevqmeniT es usastikesi zomebi? (eserebis skamebidan: biurokratiam
Seqmna) swored miliukovebi da sxva kadetebi winaaRmdegi arian am
zomebisa, isini sweren am zomebis winaaRmdeg, ara iciT vin moiTxovs
amas? es aris TviT revoliucionuri xalxi, es aris muSaTa wreebi
da glexoba. yvelgan isini moiTxoven, rom mTavrobam Tavisi Zala ga­
moiCinoso da amas amboben ara marto mTavrobis, aramed damfuZnebe­
li krebis mimarT. aseT gadawyvetilebas maT ukarnaxebs revoliucio­
nuri instiqti. da swored es mniSvneloba aqvs umTavresad am zomas,
vinaidan Cven viciT, rom dezertirobas xels uwyobs ara TiTo-oro­
la aramzadis survili demokratiis samsaxurs gaeqces, aramed is
sazogadoebrivi atmosfero, romelic am sakiTxis garSemo Seiqmna, is
dafarva, romliTac sargebloben dezertirebi. aseT pirobebSi, rom
dezertirobas moespos niadagi, saWiroa usastikesi zomebi da Cven
darwmunebuli varT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic aris daraji
revoliuciisa, am zomebs daadasturebs.

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 zaqaria guruli. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebeli krebis wevrno!
Tqven pirvelad ar mogismeniaT, albad, dRidan saqarTvelos respub­
likis arsebobisa is sityva, romelic aq iTqva ai am xalxisgan, romelnic
pasuxisgebas arsad ar grZnoben da siciliT unda gamovidnen iolad. es
is xalxi gaxlavT, romlis partiuli arseboba mxolod mkvlelobisaken
iyo mimarTuli. mTeli maTi partiuli moRvaweoba mxolod da mxolod
mkvlelobis moRvaweobisgan Sesdgeboda (xma marcxenidan: es axali fi­
losofia aris!) axali filosofia ki ara Zveli filosofia aris. is
xalxi, romelic revoliuciis moxdenasac da socilizmis daarsebasac
mxolod imiT scdiloben, rom mkvleloba moexdinaT pirovnebisa, ai, es
xalxi dRidan Cveni respublikis arsebobisa, ara erTxel da ara mar­
to am krebaSi gamodis aseTi ioli sityvebiT, magram Tqven iciT, albaT
isic, rom TiTon am wridan gamovida jgufi, romelsac pirveli moux­
da am did revoliuciis procesSi, am, maTgan ybaT aRebul, sikvdiliT
dasjis SemoReba. aq CvenSi, Tqven iciT, rom axali araferi ar SemouRi­
aT. aq mxolod gamodian imiT, rac eserebma TviTon SemoiRes ruseTSi.
isini amboben: marTalia, es revoliucionur iaraRad SeiZleba CaiT­
valos, magram sadac revoliucionur partias sxva saSualeba ara aqvs
brZolisa, upiratesoba amasa aqvso. ai Cven vaxdendiT winaT mkvlelo­
bas da ara sikvdiliT dasjas.. mkvlelobas e.i. TviT-gasamarTlebas, da
amas imitom vaxdendiT, rom Cveni mowinaaRmdegeni upiratesobiT iyvnen
aRWurvilni, Cven sxva saSualeba ar gvqonda da amitom vklavdiTo.
magram, ai exla Cven upiratesoba gvaqvs, _ Tu ki Tqven upirateso­
biT xarT aRWurvilni, aparati xelSi gaqvT, daiWireT cixeSi Cas­
viT, iaraRi ahyareT da gyavdeT iq, raRaT gindaT moklaTo. magram
me gavaxseneb social-revoliucionerebs, iyo erTi kaci saqarTve­
loSi Zvel dros: iman Caidina bevri mkvleloba, imdeni danaSauloba
Caidina, rom TiTon ruseTis biurokratiam, romelic mainc da mainc
Zalian ar zrunavda xalxis keTildReobaze, rom borot-momqmedni
moecilebina, imasac ki katorRSi gaugzavnia. magram am katorRidan
gamosulma, saqarTvelos respublikaSi kvlav Caidina mkvleloba. am
kacs albad social-revoliucionerebi icnoben. erTi maTi saukeTe­
so lideris mkvleli gaxlavT. Tu es xdeba istoriis msvlelobaSi
da xalxSi iyo es borot-moqmedeba, rom kacs katorRaSi gzavnian da
iqidan Camosuls kidev SeuZlian mkvleloba moaxdinos, _ miTumetes
dRes SeuZlebelia miiRos is zoma, romelsac Tqven gvirCevT, _ ahy­
areT iaraRi da cixeSi CaagdeTo. magram gana ar iciT, rom yvela, vinc
cixeSi da katorRSi midis, yvela, visac Cven vgulisxmobT, da gulisx­
mobdnen isini, vinc SemoiRes es sasjeli, yovel dRe elian imas, vis
mosvlasac xels uwyobs Tqveni aseTi gamosvla, _ da fiqroben: wavalT
cixeSi, magram male gamovalTo. eseni ki ar fiqroben, laparakoben,
adidguleben da amxneveben imas, visac danaSaulobis Cadena unda. da
amitom yoveli gulwrfeli revoliucioneri, visac ki unda revoli­
uciis monapovaris ganmtkiceba da darCena, yovelTvis ityvis: arian

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iseTi damnaSaveni, romelTac dRes sasaciloT aqvT agdebuli cixec,
katorRac, daWrac, iaraRis warTmevac, maT saflavic ver gaasworebs.
(xma: rozgebi undaT!).
diax, magram iciT ra mogaxsenoT? Tumca Tqveni loRika, iseTi
loRika aris, TiTqos sikvdiliT sasjelis miReba rozgamdis migviy­
vandes, magram mogaxsenebT, Tqven, rom iyoT respublikis saTaveSi da
sikvdiliT sasjelis magivrad, marTalia, SeiZleba ufro advilad,
SemoiRoT rozgebi, vinaidgan Tqven ambobT: sikvdilis magivrad Sem­
oiReT rozgebio. revoliucionur TvalsazrisiT is Turme SeiZleba
davtovoT, vinaidan arc rozgebi aris sikvdiliT sasajeli. Tqveni
loRikiT gamodis, rom rozgebiTac SeiZleba dasja, magram rozgebiT
SeiZleba mxolod balRebi dageSinebinaT, isini ki, vizedac es sasjeli
aris mimarTuli, rozgebis Semdegac moaxdenen danaSaulobas. maSasa­
dame, laparaki imaze, rom davtovoT cixeebi, katorRa, da sikvdiliT
dasja movspoT, SeuZlianT mxolod imaT, vinc am sityvebSi araviTar
pasuxs ar agebs, vinc pasuxismgeblobas ar grZnobs revoliuciis wi­
naSe, demokratiis winaSe.
yvela rac aucilebelia Cven cxovrebisTvis, rac au­cilebelia
revoliuciis dasacavad, revoliuciis mo­napovarTa gansamtkiceb­
lad, yvela es zoma revoliuciis xelSi, revoliucionur Tvalsaz­
risiT ar SeiZleba uar­vyoT, manam, sanam amas revoliucia ar uaryofs,
amas Txoulobs, da unda movaxseno b. social-revoliucionerebs, so­
cial-demokratebis saxeliT, rodesac isini amboben, rom maT imedebi
gaucruvdaT, rom isini Tavis deklaraciis Semdeg, piriqiT elodnen,
rom mTavroba Semoitanda kanon-proeqts saqarTvelos respublika­
Si sikvdiliT dasjis mospobis Sesaxeb da social-demokratia amas
daamtkicebda, unda mogaxsenoT, rom es imedi maT kidev bevrjel gauc­
ruvdebaT, da arc damfuZnebel krebis mier arCeuli mTavroba, sanam
is Tavis adgilze aris, da arc miTumetes umravlesobis partia, pasux­
ismgebeli fraqcia, arasodes ar warmoadgens aseT kanon-proeqts, da
Tu vinmem sxvam aiRo amis iniciativa, ar miiRebs manam, sanam dawyebu­
li revoliucia ar gaTavdeba, sanam revoliuciis monapovari ar gan­
mtkicdeba, sanam ar Seqmnila ara marto Cven saqarTvelos respublika­
Si, aramed Cvens gareSec, iseTi weswyobileba, mkvidri weswyobileba,
romelic iqneba Sedegi da survili revoliuciisa, _ manamdis es sik­
vdiliT dasja darCeba, da am sikvdiliT dasjiT Cven visargeblebT
da davsjiT imaT, vinc am process xels SeuSlis, vinc am process See­
brZoleba. (Sengelaia: mogvilocnia!) sruliaT vRebulobT. batonma
Sengelaiam brZana, sikvdiliT dasjis kanoni vizedac aris mimarTuli,
isini sam kategoriad dahyo man da sTqva: didi umravlesoba am xalxisa
aris iseTi, romelTac duxWiri pirobebi aiZuleben aseT danaSaulis
Cadenas. gadvida es dezertirebzed, romlebic, sxvaTa Soris, iyvnen da
sTqva: ai dezertirebi midian, TiTon ministri ambobs, rom es Zalian
gavrcelda, mere dezertirebs xels uwyoben, naTesavebi, nacnobebi, ar

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ebrZvian mTavrobis agentebi da Tu wavediT logikurad, Cven mTeli
saqarTvelos daxvreta mogvindebao. samxedro ministrma ganacxada,
rom ar aris araviTar safuZvelzed dafuZvnuli es sityvebi, rom sik­
vdiliT dasja mimarTulia gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi. rac Seexeba
danarCen danaSaulebs, aris CamoTvlili am kanonSi, social-revoli­
ucionerebis mowonebuli cixe, katorRa, gauptvaxtTa da sxva, mxo­
lod, vinc jaris kaci ar aris, aramed misi naTesavi, an mTavrobis mo­
xeleebi da amas xels uwyoben, es ar Sedis samxedro sasjelis kanonSi
da amitom calke kanons warmoadgens iuridiuli komisia.
Cven vambobT, isinic, vinc ase Tu ise moxdeba am sikvdiliT dasjis
kanonis qveS, tyulad warmoudgenia b. Sengelaias, rom isini yvela,
didi umravlesoba, danaSaulobas sCadis mxolod da mxolod duxWiri
pirobebis, obieqtiur pirobebis gamo. aq duxWiri pirobebi araferi
SuaSi ar aris. (xmauroba).
momiTmineT, sxvaTa Soris, Sengelaiam ganacxada, rom momxsenebel­
ma ar daasaxela dezertirobis mizezi da sazogadod yvela am danaSau­
lobis Sesaxeb araferi ara sTqvao, da daumata, rom am dezertirobas
aqvs Tavisi gasamarTlebeli mizezio. rodesac is laparakobda dux­
Wir pirobebze, swored ukeTesi iyo im Tavis sityvebs dahkvirveboda
da es ar eTqva: momxsenebelma mizezebi ar daasaxelao. momxseneblma
mizezebi daasaxela, da sxvaTa Soris, rom gaego b. Sengelaias, momx­
seneblma sTqva es sityvebi: erTi mizezTagani, rodesac mizezebi Ca­
moTvala dezertirobis gamravlebisa, zogierT ultra socialiste­
bi ariso. diax, arian iseTi ultra socialistebi, romelnic swored
urCeven dezertirobas. rogor fiqrobT Tqven, duxWirma pirobebma,
obieqtur pirobebma aiZula es ultra socialistebi, rom erCiaT am
dezertirebisTvis wadiT, gaiqeciTo, am gaWirvebis dros, rodesac
revoliucionur demokratiis mier am daarsebul respublikas gare­
dan mis momspobeli Zalebi emuqrebian? maSin duxWiri, obieqturi
pirobebi ukarnaxebs imas, ubrZaneben? ara, duxWiri, pirobebi ki ara,
Tavis Semcdari fantazia, xSirad ki piradi gaboroteba.
am niadagze aRmocenebuli arseboben da sCadian danaSulobas, _
rogor moveqceT Cven mas, CavsvaT cixeSi da uyuroT, rodesac mova
kidev meore amisTana da moemateba mas? rogor fiqrobT Tqven? Cven
win aris faqti, Tqven albaT waikiTxeT vinme nikitas istoria. ada­
miani gadarCa sikvdils saqarTvelos respublikis wyalobiT. aramc
Tu gadarCa sikvdils, mSvenivrad cxovrobda da im dros, rodesac
respublikas Savi safrTxe elis, iRebs mTel cnobebs, sargeblobs
stumarT-moyvareobiT da am cnobebiT midis iqiTken, sadac am mis mwya­
lobel respublikas safrTxe moelis. rogor moviqceT? CavsvaT is
cixeSi? vasvaT, vaWamoT, varCinoT, rom imedi gavuRviZoT imaT, vinc
gareSe darCa, rom mova raRaca Zala, romelic mas daajildovebs da
gamouSvebs da romelic gaamxnevebs gareSe darCenils Caidinos is,
rac man Caidina?

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 upirvelesad yovlisa, Tqven gviTxariT, am sikvdiliT sasjelis
SemoRebam gaamarTla Tu ara molodinio. me mogaxsenebT, gaamarTla
da kidev ufro uSedegod miaxwevda dasaxul mizans, rom es swored
ise ewarmoebiaT cxovrebaSi, ise gamoeyenebiaT Cven respublikis sa­
TaveSi mdgomT, rogorc amas Cveni xalxi moiTxovda, rogorc amas b.
Sengelaias karnaxi ki ara, cxovrebis faqtebis karnaxi moiTxovs, ro­
gorc xalxi amas ama Tu im mitingebze, ama Tu im krebebze ambobda Tavis
rezoliuciebSi, ese igi, ise mkacrad gaatareben cxovrebaSi. da Tu
Cven mTavrobas rame unda usayveduroT, mxolod is rom am kanons, ro­
melic misca xelSi saqarTvelos demokratiam da uTxra, rom revoli­
uciis dasacavad, ar morideboda araviTar zomebs da arc sikvdiliT
dasjas, rom es mas sastikad gaetarebina cxovrebaSi, da Tu savsebiT
ver miaRwia mizans, mxolod imitom, rom es kanonebi sastikad ver
gaatara cxovrebaSi.
aq sTqves: Tqven winaT mkacrad aramc Tu ar icavdiT, am sikvdi­
liT sasjels, piriqiT winaaRmdegi iyaviT misi (Sengelia: diax!) jer
erTi b. Sengelaias aviwydeba, rom is zoma, romelzedac ai dRes Tqven
winaSea wamoyenebuli sul sxva da sxva garemoebiT aris gamowveuli.
(Sengelaia: erTi da igivea!) araviTari erTi da igiveoba ar aris. me
vacxadeb, rom is zoma iyo mimarTuli ruseTis 10 milionian armi­
is winaaRmdeg, romelic bevrma Sengelaiebma daarwmunes, rom isini
revoliucias gakeTebdnen, Tu es 10 milioni armia erTad moixsnebo­
da frontidan, saxlSi wavidoda da fronts dautovebda germaniis
reaqcias, es zoma ki mimarTulia maT winaaRmdeg, vinc TiTo-orola
pirni, dainteresebuli jgufi dRes iseTive rCevas aZlevs, iseTsave
danaSaulobas sCadian, magaliTad mas mTeli xalxi, mTeli jari au­
yolebia, pirobebi daubriyvebia da daubnevia gza. Tavis Tavad cxa­
dia, rom Cven iseT faqtis winaSe vyofiliyaviT, rom mTeli jari
wamosuliyo marTlac gatacebuli, Tundac gabriyvebuli raime
gasamarTlebel ideiT, da TiTqos revoliucias akeTeben, _ lpara­
ki zedmeti iqneboda. magram Cven varT im faqtis winaSe, romlis wi­
naaRmdeg aris TiTon es jari, da Cven xelSi gvaqvs ara erTi werili,
ara erTi rezoliucia jaris nawilebisa, romelic ambobs: Tu sam­
saxuria, samsaxuri iyos, Tu revoliuciis dacva aris, revoliuciis
dacva iyos, dee imsaxuros yvelam, dee nu aqvs ufleba yvela garew­
ars, ufleba, _ modiodes, arev dareva Sehqondes jaris nawilebSi,
akeTebdes imas, rac daaqcevs Cven ramodenime wlebis nakeTebs. maSasa­
dame, es jaris winaaRmdeg ki ar aris mimarTuli, aramed imis winaaRm­
deg, vinc jars xels uSlis Tavis movaleoba Seasrulos, da jari Ti­
Ton Txoulobs amas. (Sengelaia: faqtebi da rezoliuciebi?) Tqven
gindaT faqtebi da rezoliuciebi, Cven ar amovsulvarT am tribu­
nazed (xma marjvnidan: kargi iqneboda jars, rom rezoliuciebi ga­
moetana) imisTvis, rom winaswar mkiTxaoba daviwyoT, mivxvdeT imas,
rom ubralo WeSmaritebis winaaRmdegac ki gamovidnen da am tri­

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bunas gamoiyenebdnen imisTvis, rom erTxel gazepirebuli frazebi
gamoisrolon, da Semdeg am Tavis naTqvamis winaaRmdeg moiTxovon
mTeli iRlia qaRaldi. Tu Tqven gnebavT WeSmaritebis gageba, Sege­
ZloT iqve, saca mTeli kvira giZebniaT da amogiweriaT eg sabuTebi.
im gazeTebSi Tqven swored naxavdiT im rezoliuciebs, werilebs sa­
dac naxavdiT maT moTxovnilebas mTavrobis mimarT, da TviTon Tqven
mimarT, rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrebis.
ai yvela amisTvis, yvela am mosazrebis gamo Cven, social-­demok­
ratebs, udavoT migvaCnia is, rac am dekretSi aris aRiarebuli,
vinaidgan es aris, vimeoreb da Tamamad vacxadeb, es aris Sedegi TviT
xalxis, revoliucionur demokratiisa, rogorc muSebisa ise TviT
jaris kacebis moTxovnilebisa. es aris maTi mosazreba, maTi gamoTqmu­
li mosazrebis Sedegi, Cven es migvaCnia udavo WeSmaritebaT da movTx­
ovT damfuZnebel krebas, rom daakanonos es da mTavrobas mosTxovos,
daudos pirobaT, rom es da am gvari kanonebi simkacriT gaataros
cxov­rebaSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs i. baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. (s.-f.) neba momeciT oriode sityviT mogaxse­
noT ara Cemi azri, aramed Cveni fraqciisa. dRevandeli kanonebi far­
Tod uyureben am sakiTxs. sagans ukvirdebian arsebiTad da mxedvelo­
baSi aqvT mizani moqmedebisa. ra mizniT dastova jariskacma jaris
nawili, brZolis velze? sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, saqmes arsebiTad
Seexos da Semdeg gamoitanos Tavisi msjavri; gamosarkvevia _ droe­
biT dastova, wavida nebadaurTvelad, Tu gaiqca, Tavidan aiSora Ta­
vis movaleoba, gaeqca saqmes, ai, awindeli kanoni da es ise Seucvle­
lad unda iqnas datovebuli. garda amisa, es saqmeebi eqvemdebareba
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos. Cven am SemTxvevaSi ver SevzRudavT
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos, mis bunebriv uflebebs, ver ukarnax­
ebT mas, rom imoqmedos viwro farglebSi da marto formalur mxares
miaqcion yuradReba.
is kanoni swarmoebda TviTmpyrobelobis dros, roca arsebobda
sastiki disciplina da am kanons ar Seuryevia disciplina. CvenTvis
esec sakmarisia. Tu jerovnad movixmareT, saqmes ar avnebs, saqme kan­
onis moxmarebaSia. dRes gvawvdian sul sxva princips; gansaxilvel
kanon-proeqtSi martoka formalur mxares aqceven yuradRebas. Tu
vinme wava 6 dRezed meti, is ukve aris dezertiri. es ukve gaeqca saqmes,
is TiTqos moRalatea, da marTlac sasamarTlom unda moaxdinos reg­
istracia imisi rac moxda. ai Cven am registraciis, formalizmis wi­
naaRmdegni varT. es imas ar niSnavs, rom Cven amiT saqmes vavnebT.
meore Cveni mosazreba, Tu risTvis uyurebT ase saqmes _ mdgo­
mareobs imaSi, rom Tu waikiTxavT, mag., „a“ pirveli muxlisas, _ ra
sasjelia? jaris kaci _ gaqcevisaTvis isjeba oTxi TviT. me mgonia,
Tu kanons aqvs miznaT daaSinos, aCvenos, magaliTiT daafrTxos, rom
sxvam ar Caidinos, es iseTi patara sasajelia, rom swored mizans ver

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miaRwevs. kidev unda daumato. gaTanasworebulni unda iqnen, ro­
gorc jaris kacni ise oficrebi. Cven gvgonia sasjeli unda iyos oTxi
wlidan eqvs wlamde.
mesame mosazreba, Tu ganmeorebiT Caidina danaSauli, am SemTxveva­
Si sazogado kanoni aris, aRniSnuli sisx. sam. sasjelTa debulebaSi,
sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs Tu meoreT Caidina danaSauli, sasjeli mou­
matos. cxadia, raime cvlilebis Setana zedmetia. dagvrCa umTavresi
sakiTxi, kiTxva, romelmac gamoiwvia aq didi kamaTi.
me polemikas aq vrclad ar gamoudgebi. Cemis azriT, sikvdiliT
dasja, es rwmenis sakiTxia. Tu ar swams adamians sikvdiliT dasja,
veraviTari sofistikiT, veraviTari mosazrebiT ver daumtkicebT,
rom sikcdiliT dasja unda SemoRebuli iqnas (arseniZe: marTalia!)
swored, rom marTals vambob. garda amisa sakiTxi sikvdiliT dasji­
sa, rTulia da mwvave. amis garSemo kacobriobas bevrjel umsxvrevia
Tavi. arsebobs sxva da sxva Teoriebi, Sexedulebani da mosazrebani,
sxva da sxva garemoeba aris. da ai Cveni fraqcia am sakiTxs uyurebs
sul sxvanairad.
moqalaqeno, Cven ganvicdiT did gaWirvebas, Cvens winaSe aris
norCi saxelmwifo. yvelam aRiara aqedgan, rom gars gvexvevian mtre­
bi, gamagreba unda am Cven demokratiul resublikas, gamagreba unda
swored demokratiul fronts. dezertirobam iseTi saxe miiRo, rom
warmoadgens saSiSroebas, uTxris Zirs Cven demokratiul respub­
likas da revoliuciis monapovarTa ganmtkicebas. imisTana saSiSari
saxe miiRo dezertirobam, rom swored SesaZlebelia daamxos sisxliT
mopovebuli Tavisufleba. social-revoliucionerebi amas ar uweven
angariSs. rasakvirvelia, vin gamova Tqvengani aq da ityvis pirdapir,
rom momxre aris principialurad sikvdiliT dasjisa? amisTana ada­
mians Tqven am krebulSi ver ipovniT. nuTu hgoniaT social-revoli­
ucionerebs, rom CvenSi imisTana moipovebian, magram Cveni fraqcia
acxadebs samwuxarod, rom gamonaklisi unda iyos. Cven mdgomareobas
unda gauwioT angariSi, avwon-davwonoT Cveni arsebis sakiTxi da amis­
damixedviT SemoviRoT is kanoni, romelic mizanSewonili iqneba. da
ai swored zogierT SemTxvevaSi sikvdiliT dasja, Cven vgrZnobT amas,
mizanSewonili iqneba. es iZulebiTi movlenaa, da iZulebas mivdevT.
b. ministrma aq mogaxsenaT, da moiyvana magaliTebi mag. ai generali
naTiSvili. rogor ggoniaT, is Cveni eris, Tavisuflebis da Cveni da­
moukideblobis winaaRmdeg ar moqmedobs? ra unda uyoT mas, Tuki es
Cveni mteri Cven xelSi Cagvivarda?
erTi sityva aris, erTi gankicxva _ sikvdiliT dasja (xma: marTa­
lia!) maSasadame, Tu es ase aris, Tu sakiTxi ase ismeba, Tu TiTon mdgo­
mareoba amas gvikarnaxebs, maSasadame amas saTanado gza unda mivceT,
saTanado kanoni unda iyos, romelic Cvens saSiSar mtrebs gausworde­
ba. Cven am kanon-proeqts orad vanawilebT, Cven vansxvavebT brZolis
xazs, fronts da zurgs. Cveni fraqciis azriT, rodesac omis dros,

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brZolis xazs miatoveben, frontidan gamoiqcevian, isini Rirsni ari­
an sikvdiliT dasjisa.
unda mogaxsenoT: omis dros frontidan gamoqceuli kaci arRvevs
im fronts, aZlevs mters saSualebas Tavs dagvesxas, gagvanadguros,
wagvlekos. maSasadame, es kanoni aris Cvenis azriT TviT-dacvis kanoni.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom erTi cxvari afuWebs mTel fa­ras, _ fron­
tidan gamoqceul jariskacs Seaqvs ryeva, xrwnis mTel jars, Slis mTel
fronts. rogor gindaT, rom amisTana adamiani ar daisajos, rom misi
danaSauli dausjeli davtovoT? es xom aris gamousyideli Ralati,
usazRvro borotmoqmedeba. marto katorRa ar gamoasworebs saqmes;
Cven didi angariSs uwevT saxifaTo garemoebas, omi eris cxovrebaSi
iSviaTia da iSviaT zomas mivmarTavT. sinamdvilem da cxovrebam bevri
ram gviCvena. kerenskis mTavrobam SemoiRo sikvdiliT dasja _ risT­
vis? es iyo ubralo survili Tu marTla mware sinamdvilem ukarnaxa.
erTad-erTi gamosavali iyo da da ai am gamosavals CasWides xeli. es
iyo erTad-erTi saSualeba da ai am saSualebas mimarTes. aseTma mag­
aliTma iCina Tavi da unda daukvirdeT, gverds ver auxvevT. angari­
Si unda gauwioT imas, rac ubralo survili ki ar iyo. aramed iyo sa­
Sualeba, xsnis saSualeba. Cvenc imisTana mdgomareobaSi varT, rom ar
viciT xval ra mogvelis. Cven viciT, rom iqidan, CrdiloeTidan, saSiS­
roeba mogvelis, Cven unda gavmagrdeT, unda SemoviRoT iseTi kanone­
bi, romelic uzrunvelyofs Cvens moqmedebas, Cven damoukideblobas.
ra saSualeba aris? saSualeba aris sasjeli. ra sasjeli? ukidures
SemTxevevaSi sikvdiliT dasja.
am moqmedebas faqtebi amarTleben. es revoliucionuri wesrigi,
romelic unda iyos damyarebuli moiTxovs am sasjels. Cveni nebis,
Cveni survilis winaaRmdeg, Cven amas vacxadebT. es samwuxaro mov­
lena aris, didad samwuxaro, magram aseTi movlena aris aucilebe­
li, da am aucileblobas Cven mivsdevT. _ ai, risTvis SemoviReT, dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrno, es kanoni, garwmunebT me kerZoT, sul mudam
winaaRmdegi viyavi sikvdiliT dasjisa, magram am SemTxvevaSi gamo­
vdivar, rom davicva Cveni fraqciis azri, nakarnaxevi aucilebeli
pirobebiT, iSviaTi SemTxveviT. (kedia: es kargia!) sul sxvaa zurgi:
ai magaliTad, omi swarmoebs baTomSi, da TbilisSi myof jaris kacma
dastova Tavis nawili; am SemTxvevaSi, sikvdiliT dasja SeuZlebe­
lia SemoviRoT. sikvdiliT dasja arc rames gaasworebs arc mizanSe­
wonili iqneba. ar mgonia, rom demokratiulma mTavrobam mihmarTos
am sastiks zomebs, ar ganaxorcielebs faqtiurad da roca faqti­
urad ar ganxorcieldeba, ra Wkua aqvs qaRaldze SemoRebas am SemTx­
vevaSi. unda vixelmZRvaneloT saerTo wesebiT. rac Seexeba zurgs,
Tu datoveben TavianT nawils, damnaSave dasjil iqneba katorRiT
vadian an uvadoT.
mesame sakiTxi aris Ralati omis warmoebis dros, jaris da saxel­
mwifos winaaRmdeg. Ralati didi danaSaulobaa da maSin, roca gars

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gvexveva uamravi mteri, da cdiloben norCs saxelmwifos mouspon
sicicxle, amis daSveba SeuZlebelia. lmobiereba unda daviviwyoT da
vinc moisurvebs Cvens sikvdils, imave saSualebiT unda gavceT pasuxi.
amisda mixedviT, Cven am proeqts uWerT mxars im SesworebebiT da
gamonaklisiT, romelzedac me mogaxseneT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs surgulaZes.
petre surgulaZe. (e.-d.) yvelasTvis cxadi aris, rom Cven dRes
araCveulebriv mdgomareobaSi vimyofebiT. da es ara Cveulebrivi md­
gomareoba imdenaT rTuli aris, imdenaT, mravali cdilobs Cven damou­
kideblobis damxobas, rom Tu ara Cveulebriv zomebs ar mivmarTavT,
advilad SesaZlebeli aris Cven davmarcxdeT, da es damacxeba gaxdes
sabediswero mTeli erisTvis. mTel xalxisTvis. swored iseT zomebis
damuSaveba, da mtkiced cxovrebaSi gatareba, romelnic uzrunvel­
yofen, _ am SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli aris, da rom ar SevimuSaoT aseTi
zomebi, Cven damnaSaveni viqnebiT Cveni qveynis winaSe. Zalian xSirad
winaswari zomebi did ubedurebas _ kacs, xalxs, saxel­mwifos Tavidan
aacdenen. Zalian xSirad winaswari miRebuli gansazRvruli zomebi
did areulobas, ajanyebas, did ieriSs Tavidan agvacdens. me SemiZlia
erTi _ duSeTis magaliTi mogaxsenoT: windawin, rom miRebuli yofili­
yo gansazRvruli zomebi im xelmZRvanelobis winaaRmdeg, romelnic iq
Tavisuflad muSaobdnen, SesaZlebeli aris, Tavidan avicdendiT, ro­
gorc im sisxlis Rvras, ise im zedmet zarals, romelic yovelTvis omi­
anobas dasdevs.
amitom erovnul demokratiuli fraqcia savsebiT mxars uWers am
zomas... (Sengelaia: gasagebi aris!) Cveni moqmedeba isedac gasagebi
aris, imitom, rom me vfiqrob, miuxedavaT ama Tu im mimarTulebisa, is
qarTveli, romelic cdilobs Tavis samSoblos daqcevas, is arc qarT­
velis saxelis Rirsia, arc adamianisa. (xmebi: marTalia! taSi) me im az­
risa var, rom rodesac Cven SigniT principialuri gancxadeba gvaqvs,
SegviZlian erTmaneTSi vebrZoloT, magram, rodesac eris arseboba
moiTxovs yvelas gaerTianebas, rodesac Cven ers saSiSroeba moelis,
am dros ganze gadgoma (gvazava: Ralati aris!) mtrobaze uaRresi...
(xmauroba marcxniv). exla unda mogaxsenoT, rom sazogadoebrivi cx­
ovrebis ganmtkiceba erT rames moiTxovs mTavrobisagan, romelic
movalea wesiereba da simtkice socialur cxovrebisa daamkvidros; is
unda iyos erTnairad samarTliani yvelasTvis. Tu garCeva aris sazo­
gadoebaSi _ erTs meti movaleoba awevs meores naklebi, am SemTxvevaSi
sazogadoebriv weswyobilebis ganmtkiceba metad Zneli aris. swored
exla vxedavT am movlenas. is adamiani, romelic ufro Segnebuli, Ta­
vdadebuli aris samSoblosaTvis is didaT isjeba, imitom, rom vinc
unamuso aris, visac Segneba naklebi aqvs, is emaleba saxelmwifos da
ar asrulebs movaleobas, romelic yvelasaTvis savaldebulo aris.
samxedro samsaxuri yvelasTvis savaldebulo aris, Segnebuli
kaci samxedro samaxurSi midis, is ki romelic winaaRmdegi aris,

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imaleba. am SemTxvevaSi isjeba is, romelic Tavis movaleobas pirnaT­
lad asrulebs. darCeba dausjeli is, vinc aris pirdapir am weswyo­
bilebis moRalate romelSiac exla Cven varT. amitom aucileblaT
saWiroa, rom vinc gaurbis movaleobis asrulebas, is dasjili iyos.
amitom, usaTuod es zomebi simtkiciT da simagriT unda gatardes
cxovrebaSi, Tu gvsurs Cven saxelmwifoebriv weswyobilebis gan­
mtkiceba. yvelasTvis aSkara aris ba-bo, rom iseT cxovrebis pirobeb­
Si varT, rom samxedro Zala usaTuod unda movawyoT da damfuZnebeli
kreba movale aris yoveli Rone miiRos, rom samxedro Zala ganam­
tkicos, maqsimumamde miiyvanos Cveni samxedro SesaZlebloba. _ erTi
saSualebaTagani am samxedro ganmtkicebisa aris zomebis miReba im
pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelnic ama Tu im mosazrebiT samxedro begaris
asrulebas gaurbian, agreTve im pirTa winaaRmdeg, romlebic samSob­
los Ralatoben. es yvela saSualebebi mogvcems ganmtkicebul jars,
ganmtkicebul Cven sam­xedro Zalas.
amitom erovnul-demokratiuli fraqcia savsebiT mxars uWers im
dekrets, romelic aq aris warmodgenili.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri arseniZe.
raJden arseniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno damfuZnebel krebis wevr­
no! is sakiTxi, romelic dRes dekretis saxiT aris Semotanili, me­
tad mniSvnelovani, da RirsSesaniSnavia _ esaa _ aSeneba, ganmtkice­
ba da gamagreba Cven samxedro Zalisa. magram, mogexsenebaT, aSeneba
da gamagreba Znelia, dangreva ki advili. da miuxedavad amisa, rom
sruliad mcirericxovanma da friad umniSvnelo jgufma gamoilaSqra
winaaRmdeg am dekretisa, romelsac miznaT Cveni jaris ganmtkiceba
da gamagreba aqvs, _ me mainc saWirod davinaxe aq gamovsuliyavi da es
sakiTxi sabolood gamerkvia.
jer erTi, rom TavisTavad, sikvdiliT dasja iseTi sagania, rom­
lis gareSemo yovelgvari demagogia da agitacia advili sawarmoe­
belia. ase, rom dangrevis saqmisTvis es metaT mtkivneuli, da gamo­
sadegi punqti gaxlavT. da rodesac esa Tu is jgufi scdilobs am
mtkivneul adgilas CasWidos xeli, scdilobs gamoiyenos igi Cveni
daRupvisTvis, _ yvela revoliucioneris movaleobaa miT ufro metis
simtkiciT daadges Tavis saqmis gamagrebas yovelmxriv xeli Seuwyos.
marTlac, ras Seicavs es debuleba? vis moelis sikvdiliT dasja? ra
miznebs emsaxureba igi? _ Cveni demokratiis gamagrebas, Cveni qveynis
da revoliucionur frontis ganmtkicebas. es kanoni exmareba da wels
umagrebs imaT, vinc frontze sdgas, vinc sicocxles swiravs Cveni Ta­
visuflebisTvis.
Cven gveubnebian: rodesac es respublikis erTgulni sicocxles ar
zogaven, Cven unda davzogoT imis sicocxle, vinc maT zurgSi maxvils
Cascems, Cven gveubnebian, rom demokratiis ideebis Ralati, da ukul­
turoba aris dasja im laCrebisa, romelnic am revoliucionerebs ga­
moeTiSebian, da ukanidan tyvias dauSenen, ai amas gveubnebian Cven.

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 aris iseTi xalxi, romelic omis dros, omis xanaSi gamoeqceva
jars, gamoeqceva Tavis amxanagebs, Tavis movaleobas, da gadadis mtris
mxareze, da Cven gveubnebian, rom SesaZlebelia maT winaaRmdeg sxva
zomebis miReba da ara sikvdiliT dasja. albad b. Sengelaias moexsene­
ba, rogori rTuli damuSavebuli aparati aris saWiro, rom maTi izo­
liacia moxdes. rodesac es elementebi, socialistur qurqSi gaxveul­
ni, am tribuniT sargebloben, da amboben _ dezertirobis mizezi aris
obieqturi pirobebis siduxWireo, me vambob, gana ar uWirs cxovreba
im muSas, romelic Tavis movaleobas asrulebs, frontze sdgas Tavis
mkerdiT, Tavis nebisyofaze damyarebuli, da cdilobs daicvas Cveni
qveyana? gana is ki dalxinebul mdgomreobaSi aris? ratom ar gamor­
bis? imitom ar gamorbis, rom mas revoliucionuri guli aqvs, revo­
lucionuri Segneba aqvs. am rigiT frontze rCeba is, vinc revoliuci­
isTvis ibrZvis, xolo gamorbis is, visac es ar esmis. mxolod laCari
da moRalate stovebs fronts aseT pirobebSi da gamorbis.
dacva am pirovnebis xelSeuxeblobisa araviTar revoliucionur
mosazrebiT ar SeiZleba.
marTalia mecnierebam daamtkica, rom sikvdiliT dasjiT ar Sei­
Zleba gaasworoT adamiani an sazogadoeba, es marTalia, magram vin
fiqrobs mis gasworebaze? aq brZola aris da saqme gasworebaSi ki ar
aris, aramed mtris, mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebaSi gaxlavT. ara gas­
worebaSi da moWkvianebaSia saqme, aramed Sinagan da gareSe mterTan
gamklavebaSi. da ai swored es aris sakiTxi: damarcxeba mtrisa da misi
ganadgureba.
damfuZ. krebis wevrma Sengelaiam icis, rom, _ am Cven dRevandel
omebs namdvili samoqalaqo omis xasiaTi aqvT. arc erTi Cven gareSe
omi ar yofila sxva xasiaTisa, ara samoqalaqo omis xasiaTisa da me
vekiTxebi mas, roca aseTi xasiaTi aqvs oms, Tu is ambobs, rom samo­
qalaqo omSi SeiZleba dasja, magram Cven omSi es ar SeiZlebao, Tu
is amas ambobs, sadRa aris loRika? es loRika didi xani Camarxulia
demagogiis wiaRSi.
swored imitom, rom gansakuTrebuli xasiaTi aqvs Cven dRevandel
brZolas, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mas, yoveli moRalate
fiqrobs: _ gadatrialdeba revoliuciis talRebi, da me gamoviqcevi
cixidan, an gamanTavisufleben. ai, swored amisTvis aris TavaSvebuli,
amaSi aris fsixologiuri, socialuri safuZveli da aTas gvari sxva
safuZveli imisa, rom aseTi dasja araviTar dasjaT ar mimaCnia, damna­
Saves piriqiT, sasacilodac ar yofnis da Tavis danaSaulobas kidev
ufro uaresi saxiT imeorebs. da swored imisTvis, rom aseT gauswore­
blobis winaaRmdeg, am revoliuciis sastik xanaSi erTad erTi, Tu
gnebavT, SemaCerebeli momenti, Zala, romelic maT daafiqrebs, da
borotebis gzaze Seaferxebs, _ es aris sikvdiliT dasja.
diax, es iyo Tqmuli im rezoluciaSic, romlis erTi naWeri
waikiTxa, b-ma Sengelaiam. magram, eserebs CveulebaT aqvT yvela nawer­

265
ebidan amoglijon erTi nawili, rom azri daukargon sxvis naTqvams, da
roca eubnebiT, bolomdis waikiTxeT Tqo, rcxveniaT, veRar kiTxulo­
ben. iq TviTmmarTvelobis sxdomaze gamotanil rezoliuciaSi ki ase
ewera, sikvdilis dasjis Sesaxeb: sikvdiliT dasja aris swored iseTi
xasiaTis zoma, iseT xasiaTis saSualeba, romelsac erTgvari SemaCe­
rebeli mniSvneloba aqvs, kontr-revoliuciisa, da reaqciisaTvis. ai
swored aseTi xasiaTis rezoliucia iyo miRebuli TviTmmarTveloba­
Si, aseTi xasiaTis zomaa am dekretSiac; aq ar sweria, _ yvela daisjeba
sikvdiliTo vinc rames daaSavebs. ara, aq pirdapir sweria: daisjeba
is, vinc mtris mxreze gadava, ese igi vinc am sastik brZolaSi dauWers
mxars kontr-revoliucias, sworeT im dros, rodesac kontr-revoli­
ucia ejaxeba revoliucias, is ekedleba pirvels da aSkarad gadadis
mis mxareze, aSkarad uwyobs xels am kontr-revoliucias.
SeiZleba zogierT maTgans sxva motivebic qondes, Seugneblad mo­
qmedobdes, magram aseTebisTvis aris sxva sasjeli miRebuli imave mux­
lSi da amas garCeva unda. sasamarTlo imisTvis arsebobs, rom es gaar­
Cios. am muxlSi aris naCvenebi sasjelaT: katorRa _ vadiani da uvado,
an sikvdiliT dasja. cxadia, vinc iuristi aris da cota odeni codna
aqvs am mecnierebaSi, unda gaigos, rom roca ori-sami sasjeli aris
aRniSnuli, yvela mosamarTles SeuZlian gansajos da esa Tu is sasje­
li misces damnaSaves, es imis saqmea da rodesac aq saqme exeba, ganzrax
mZime danaSaulobebis Cadenas, maSin mosamarTle mimarTavs usastikes
sasjels, roca saqme exeba imave danaSaulis Cadenas, magram motivebi,
sulieri ganwyobileba damnaSavisa sul sxva aris, _ cxadia maSin ufro
naklebi sasjeli eqneba misjili. magram orive SemTxvevaSi es sasjeli,
rogorc damokles xmali unda dadebuli hqondes kiserze yvelas, vinc
aseT danaSaulSi Cadgams fexs. yvela aseTebisTvis sikvdiliT dasjis
xmali aucilebelia, rogorc erTad-erTi SemaCerebeli Zala am laCre­
bisa, dezertirebisa da maT _ wamqezeblisaTvis, romelnic zurgidan
urCeven uqadageben mas am gvar saqcieli Caidinos Cven demokratiis
winaaRmdeg. mxolod amiT SeiZleba SeCereba dRes amgvar gamosvlebiT
(xma: es gaaxSirebs iseT pirovnebebs) SeiZleba Tqven gaxsovT moqalaqe­
no, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, is, rom aseT agitacias qonda adgi­
li Cven demokratiul respublikis winandel, sabediswero brZolis
wuTebSi. Tundac zugdidis da senakis mazrebSi, sadac maTi (eserebis)
Tanamoazreni daZrwoden da qadagobden. es iyo im dros, rodesac Cven
baTomis frontze vibrZodiT. swored maSin hqonda adgili aseT ag­
itacias. da Tu dRes yvela fraqciam, romelic winad Cven gvebrZoda,
Seigno, rom sikvdiliT dasja aucilebelia dRevandel pirobebSi,
xolo eserebi ver gamoswordnen da dResac Tavisas imeoreben, es imas
niSnavs, rom TiTon udgiaT am danaSaulSi fexi.
me siamovnebiT unda aRvniSno, rom social-federalistebis
fraqcias, romelic didxans ebrZoda sikvdiliT dasjis SemoRebas,
es dasja sastik da umizno zomad miaCnda, da erovnul-demokratebis

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fraqcias, romelnic amis winaaRmdegi gamodioda wineT, am erTi wlis
muSaobam, daanaxva aucilebloba am zomis SemoRebisa, miuxedavad
imisa, rom Cveni mTavroba metis-metad zomierad sargeblobda am
RonisZiebiT. da is oratori, romelic maSin mecnierul mosazrebiT,
samarTlianobis saxeliT gveubneboda _ sikvdiliT dasja ar SeiZle­
bao _ dRes Cven xeli mogviwera am dekretze. me siamovnebiT vegebebi
amas. dRes yvelam gaigo siswore Cveni miRebuli zomisa, memarjven­
emac da memarcxenemac. ver gaiges mxolod eserebma, es, imaT, visac
ar unda xeli aiRon Tavis uaryofiT da dasagmob muSaobaze. es unda
iTqvas dRes aSkarad, imitom, rom jariskaci samkvdro-sasicocxlo
sakiTxia CvenTvis. (Sengelaia: erovnul-demokratebs SeuerTdiT!)
Cven unda movaxsenoT b-n Sengelaias, rom qveynis da demokratiis da­
sacavad SegviZlian SeuerTdeT yvela im adamians da jgufs, mimdin­
areobas, romelTac Tavdacvis instinqti mainc aqvT ganviTarebuli,
magram ar SegviZlian vimuSaoT imaTTan, visac es instinqtic ar Ser­
Cenia, vinc ver grZnobs swored im saSiSroebas, romelic moelis Cven
respublikas, ver grZnobs, imitom rom saSinel demagogiis morevSi
dascuravs. aseTebs ar SeuZlianT amaRldnen Tavis fraqciis viwro
interesebis zeviT, ar SeuZlianT moiqcnen ise, rogorc moiqca so­
cial-federalistebis oratori, romelmac ganacxada, rom Tavis rw­
menis winaaRmdeg _ aZlevs xmas am dekrets.
ai es aris amaRleba fraqciul Jinianobis zeviT. magram aseve ver
maRldeba is, visac mZime lodi aZevs fexebze Tavis warsulisa. me imi­
tom vambob amas, rom sabolood iyos es azri ganaTebuli, Tqven ggo­
niaT, rom es sasjeli Cveni mogonili aris kabinetSi? Zalian scdebiT.
me mqonda molaparakeba Cven gvardiis da jaris saukeTeso xelmZR­
vanelebTan, da isini erT xmad amboben: jaris kacebi _ laparakoben _
Cven imisTvis ki ar vibrZviT, rom Cveni moZmeni gagveqcen, da ukanidan
gvesxmodes Tavs. da rodesac Cven vibrZviT yvelam unda icodes, rom
amgvar danaSaulobisTvis maT moelis usastikesi sasjeli. maT moelis
daxvreta. da Tu erTs ar SeaCerebs es, meoresTvis mainc dasanaxi da
SesaSinebeli iqneba es zoma.
ai amas moiTxovs masiuri instinqti, da es imitom, rom Cveni masis
instinqtSi revoliucionuri Segneba da revoliucionuri movaleo­
bis grZnoba bevri ufro metia, vinem mTel s.-r. filosofiaSi da ro­
melic aq gadmogviSales.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi mospobili gaxlavT. sityva ekuTvnis momxse­
nebels.
momxsenebeli s. jafariZe. (s.-d.) unda mogaxsenoT, me sruliad
ver gavige gamosvla krebis wevris Sengelaiasi. ra moxda, ram aaRel­
va? saqme imaSi aris, rom Cven iotidac ar vcvliT arsebul kanons.
iman amoglija dekretis erTi adgili, sadac naTqvami aris sikv­
diliT dasjis Sesaxeb, da sTqva _ social-demokratebi adgenen iseT
dekrets, sadac sikvdiliT dasja ariso. da mere mohyva saerTo msj­

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elobas am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, me ki upasuxeb, rom Cven amaSi araferi ar
Segvicvlia. sikvdiliT dasja SemoRebulia bevr SemTxvevaSi, Cven ki
axla vlaparakobT or SemTxvevaze. maSasadame Tu Tqven sikvdiliT
dasja gaRelvebT, da saerTod ar migaCniaT SesaZleblad, maSin Tqven
unda mTliani kanoni SemoitanoT da sTqvaT, rom sazogadoT sikv­
diliT dasja unda mospobil iyos. Torem iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
swored da saWiro aris Tqven gamodixarT da uadgilod sikvdiliT
dasjas uaryofT. ra Tqma unda, filosofiis maRal fardebSi, rom ga­
davideT, da gadavxedoT swraf TvaliT, vnaxavT, rom bevri aris wi­
naaRmdegi sikvdiliT dasjisa, bevri aris momxre. ar vici sabolood
awondawonis Semdeg, visi saswori gadaxris, magram, unda vsTqvaT, arc
erT qveyanaSi aseT filosofias sikvdiliT dasjis mospoba ar ganux­
orcielebia. da swored istoriuli magaliTebi Cven gviCvenebs da
gvimtkicebs, rom is pirni, romelnic sikvdiliT dasjis winaaRmdeg
arian erTgvar pirobebSi, isini momxreni arian amisi sxva garemoeba­
Si. aq moixsenies da mec gavimeoreb, rom rodesac sikvdiliT dasja
aRdgina droebiTma mTavrobam da maT Soris kerenskim da sxvebma, ma­
Sin didi mitingebi gaimarTa. sadac bevri bolSevikebi gamoCndnen da
sadac gangaSi astexes am sikvdiliT dasjis winaaRmdeg. da sword is
bolSevikebi, visac xSiraT, nebiT Tu uneblieT es _ erebi mxars uW­
eren. roca saxelmwifos saTaveSi Cadgen, yvelas sisxls Rvrian, im
muSebisasac ki vinc bedavs imaT sawinaaRmdego mitingebze gamosvlas.
aseT magaliTebis moyvana, rogorc samxedro ministrma mogaxsenaT
konventis istoriidan, bevri SeiZleba da, sxva am gvari istoriuli
faqtebis, romelic dagvimtkicebs amas. magram ganyenebuli msjeloba
ar aris aq mosatani. me kidev mets vityvi; _ arian mecnierebi, romel­
ic fiqroben, rom sazogadoT yoveli sasjeli Seusabamo aris, _ iqne­
ba es cixeSi ubralo datusaReba, dajarimeba Tu sxva. ratom? imitom,
rom yvela borot-moqmedeba _ qurdoba, carcva-gleja da sxva, _ yov­
elTvis aris Sedegi socialur siduxWirisa. da Tu gindaT borot-mo­
qmedeba mospoT, Tqven unda socialuri pirobebi SescvaloTo; dam­
naSave ki ar unda dasajoT, unda gamovnaxoT iseTi dawesebuleba,
sadac iqneba igi gasworebuli, sadac mas unda asvan-aWamon, ueqimon
da sxva. maSasadame, Tu Tqven ginda loRikas bolomdis mivyveT, ar­
amc Tu sikvdiliT dasja ar unda dastovoT, aramed unda sTqvaT, rom
yovelive dasja Seusabamoa, da unda miiRoT is qadageba, romelsac
misdevs tolstoi. Tqven ver dainaxavT adamians, romelic ityvis sik­
vdili sasiamovno ariso. ara, sikvdiliT dasjas uyureben, rogorc
borotebas. magram gacilebiT ufro mcireds, vidre is borotebaa,
romelic iqneboda, rom es sasjeli ar yofiliyo. ai, magaliTad, avi­
RoT Cveni mdgomareoba. rodesac Tqven iwunebT am recepts, samagie­
ro recepts ar iZleviT. imis Tqma, rom saWiroa gaumjobesdes ofi­
crebis nivTieri mdgomareoba, arafers niSnavs. es ar aris namdvili
recepti. rac unda jamagiri dauniSnoT oficers, Tu is laCaria, Tu

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is Tavis pirovnebas ufro maRla eyenebs vidre Tavis samSoblos, is
yovelTvis ecdeba, rom guli ar miuSviros tyvias. Cven mdgomareo­
baSi frontidan Tu zurgidan gaiqceva, SeiZleba gamoiwvios is, rom
Semovides mteri, iseTi, rogoric aris denikini, romelic yovelive
demokrats aTasobiT daxvrets, da maT Soris daxvrets eserebsac. me
vambob, rom aTas kacis daxvretas sjobia daixvritos aTi an asi kaci
dezertiri, romelnic borotmoqmedni arian. ai, maSasadame, aseTi
brZola aris aucilebeli boroteba, magram gacilebiT ufro mcire
im borotebasTan SedarebiT, romelic SesaZlebeli iqneba Tu es zoma
miRebuli ar iqna. amitom sikvdiliT dasjas Cven vRebulobT gansa­
kuTrebuli mdgomareobis mixedviT romelSiac Cven varT, im udides
ubedurebis Tavidan asacileblad, romlisac Cven gveSinian. bevri im
mosazrebaTgani, romelic wamoayena Sengelaiam (ar ismis) magram me
gamosvla Sengelaiasi am gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mimaCnia uadgi­
loT da pasuxsac ar mivcem.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvaze gada­
videT? sami winaaRmdegia danarCeni momxre. Tu SeiZleba kerZo lapa­
raks Tavi daane­beT. gTxovT waikiTxoT saTauri. (momxsenebeli kiTxu­
lobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. pirvel muxlSi social-federalistTa fraqcias
Semoaqvs Sesworeba: „erTi dRe Ramis“ magivrad iqnes „or dRe Rameze
meti“. es albad Seexeba pirvel abzacis bolos.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs baraTaSvils.
baraTaSvili. Cven amas ase vasabuTebT: warmoidgineT, rom wavi­
da sofelSi erTi dRiT, magram daxvda avadmyofi deda, mama da ver
moaswro, rom swored 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Camosuliyo TbilisSi.
(xmauroba) mainc erTi dRisTvis sasjeli ekuTvnis? undoda dabrune­
ba, magram sxva da sxva mosazrebam SeuSala xeli. amisTvis Cven viRebT
am Sesworebas.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. dekretSi miRebuli aris _ „erTi dRe da Rame“, ro­
gorc vada omianobis dros. Tu am vadas gadaameta, es iqneba samsaxuri­
dan gaqceva da dezertiroba.
rodesac aseTi mokle vadiT vsazRvravdiT dros, Cven mxedvelo­
baSi gvqonda sivrce, patara sivrce Cveni qveynisa. rodesac samxedro
moqmedeba swarmoebs, maSin saxlSi wasvla SeuZlebelia. Cven Tu gvin­
da, rom fronti magari gvqondes, usaTuod es vada unda davtovoT.
amitom me winaaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. uyri kenWs am Sesworebas. vin aris momxre? Seswore­
ba uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris momxre pirveli muxlisa? pirveli
muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT Semdegi muxli. (momxsene­
beli kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi Sesworeba aris Setanili social-feder­
alistTa fraqciis mier. Sesworeba Semdegi gaxlavT: punqti a) „mSvi­

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dobianobis dros oficrebi, samxedro moxeleni da jariskacni oTxi­
dan eqvs wlamde gamasworebel razmSi micemiT da saTanado uflebaTa
ayriT“. punqti b) „omianobis, an samxedro moqmedebis dros, romelic
swarmoebs gareSe mtris, an Sinaur SeiaraRebul ajanyebis dros _
yoveli samxedro piri frontidan gamoqceuli _ katorRiT, an daxvre­
tiT. zurgSi myof jaridan _ katorRiT oTxidan eqvs wlamde, an uvado
katorRiT“. vis sur sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi gaxlavarT amisTana Sesworebis da
ai ratom. aq araferi Sesworeba ar Semogvaqvs, mxolod gansxvaveba
aris Semotanili oficerTa da jariskacTa Soris. imitom, rom samx­
edro samsaxurs asruleben jariskacebi da oficrebi erTnairad,
erTnairad pasuxismgebelni arian mSvidobianobis dros. rodesac
aseTi safrTxe moelis samSoblos, maSin, rasakvirvelia, danaSaulo­
ba ubralo jarskacisa, romelic raRac mosazrebis gamo sruliad mo­
Sorda samsaxurs, ufro Sesawynarebelia, vidre oficrisa, samxedro
moxelisa, romelsac meti moeTxoveba. rac Seexeba gansxvavebas, rom
is, vinc frontidan gaiqca, unda daisajos metad, vidre is, vinc zu­
rgidan gaiqca, _ unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cvens patara qveyanaSi aseTi
gansxvavebis gatareba Zalian Znelia. ai, aiReT, magaliTad, borCalo:
borCaloSi swarmoebs samxedro moqmedeba. Tbilisi ra aris, _ zurgi
Tu fronti? rodesac yoveli jariskaci fexze unda idges, mzad unda
iyves, rom dRes Tu xval imas gagzavnian frontze, maSin erTnairad
pasuxismgebelni arian, rogorc zurgSi myofni jariskacni, ise fron­
tze myofni. ai am teritoriis sivrcis pataraobis gamo Cven vambobT,
rom aq gansxvaveba frontis da zurgis Soris meti aris da amas kanonSi
nu aRniSnavT. (Tavmjdomare: daskvna?) amitom me mogaxseneT, rom wi­
naaRmdegi var am Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba uary­
ofili gaxlavT. (meore, mesame muxli da dekreti mTlianad kenWis
yriT miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias). Semdegi sakiTxi
gaxlavT:

dekreti saxelmwifo xazinidan naxevari milioni

maneTis gadadebisa anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad.

momxsenebelia WavWaniZe.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! agre revoliuciam mesame welSi ga­
dadga fexi, da aravis Tqvengans ar SeuZlian sTqvas, rom anarqiis xanam
ganvlo da Cven TiTqos socialuri mSeneblobis Cveulebriv pirobeb­
Si gadavsuliyaviT. marTalia, anarqiuli gamosvlebi imisTana masSta­
biT, rogorc SarSan iyo aRar aris, magram patar-patara gamosvlebi
exlac aris. ai Tundac exlac qistebi Semoesivnen duSeTis mazras da
iqac Cven mTavrobas brZola uxdeba am anarqiul gamosvlis winaaRmdeg.

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Cveni mTavroba yovelTvis darajaT udgia Cven respublikas da dRes
is Tavis movaleobas pirnaTlad asrulebs. dRes gamoCndeba Tu ara
anarqiuli gamosvla Sesafer zomebs Rebulobs, rom Tavis droze iyos
Caqrobili da ar misces saSualeba ganviTardes, gaizardos, radganac
merme misi Caqroba ufro mZime saqme aris. magram, mogexsenebaT, rom am
anarqiis winaaRmdeg brZola arc iseTi advili saqmea da dids xarjsac
moiTxovs. Cven mTavrobas hqonda gadadebuli gansakuTrebuli Tanxa
anarqiis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, magram, rogorc im masalebidan
sCans, romelic dRes Cven mier moxsenebul dekrets Tan axlavs, es
Tanxa ukve savsebiT amowuruli aris. dRes mTavroba winadadebiT Se­
modis, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saministros gankargulebaSi gadadebuli
iyos naxevari milioni maneTi am anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad.
mogexsenebaT, rom yovel anarqiul gamosvlas, yovel cdas anarqi­
ul gamosvlisa ZirSive unda Caqroba, rom ar gaizardos. safinanso
komisiam miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi, is, rom Cven dRes kidev Savi reaqciis
safrTxe dagvtrialebs Tavs da gareSe mtrebi pir-daRebuli gvicqe­
rian gadasaylapavad, _ am dros saTanado yuradReba unda iyos am mx­
riv miqceuli da zomebi unda iyos miRebuli, rom Sin anarqia ar iyos.
vinaidan anarqia am dros, rodesac gareSe mteri Semogvyurebs da mo­
elis dros, rodesac SesZlebs Tavs dagvesxas da gaanadguros Cveni
damoukidebloba, am dros Sinauri anarqia es iqneba raRac saSineleba
Cven mdgomareobaSi. safinanso komisia winadadebas iZleva miRebul
iqnes mTavrobis dadgenileba da naxevari milioni maneTi gadaidos
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros gankargulebaSi anarqiis winaaRmdeg sa­
brZolvelad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs asaTians.
aleqsandre asaTiani. (er.-dem.) safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaSi, b.b.
damfuZnebel krebis wevrno, arsebobda kidev meore azri Sesaxeb mTav­
robis mier warmodgenil dekretisa, romelsac me Tqven mogaxsenebT.
mTavroba Txoulobda damfuZnebel krebisagan ganaxlebas im kred­
itisa, romelic mas mieniWa warsul welSi _ anarqiasTan sabrZolve­
lad. es krediti Seicavda or milion maneTs. warmodgenil moxsenebas
Tan axlda saxelmwifo kontrolioris daskvna. kontrolioris az­
riT uwyebas ar gaumarTlebia es krediti im wesiT, rogorc es sazo­
gadod miRebulia yvelgan. kidev meti, kontrolioris azriT Seu­
Zlebelia danamdvilebiT gamorkveva imisa, dafaruli aris Tu ara,
amowuruli aris Tu ara savsebiT es krediti. uwyebas ar warmoudge­
nia am kreditis dasafaravad gaweuli xarjebis araviTari sabuTebi.
kontrolioris azriT es krediti jer ar unda iyos savsebiT daxar­
juli, rom is Tanxebi, romelic gadaido am 2 milion m. jer-jerobiT
SesaZloa savsebiT daxarjuli ar iyos, da yovel SemTxvevaSi ar aris
araviTari cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, rom es krediti savsebiT dafaruli
iyos. amis Semdeg safinanso komisiam mosTxova uwyebas ganmarteba am
kreditis Sesaxeb. uwyebam veraviTari axali cnoba, garda imisa rasac

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mogviTxrobs kontrolioris moxseneba, ver warmogvidgina. safinan­
so komisiam yuradReba miaqcia agreTve im garemoebas, rom im siaSi
gaweul xarjebisa, romelic warmoadgina uwyebam, da romelic ar
CaiTvleba, rasakvirvelia, am kreditis gasamarTlebel sabuTad, Ca­
moTvlil xarjebis didi nawili sruliad ar Seefereba im daniSnule­
bas, romlisTvisac iyo gadadebuli ori milioni maneTi.
aq moipoveba yovelgvari xarjebi. mTeli Tanxis naxevari iyo ga­
dadebuli quTaisis guberniis komisris gankrgulebaSi. (xmauroba).
diax, naxevari Tanxa, es erTi milioni maneTi gadadebuli iyo quTaisis
guberniis komisris gankargulebaSi anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad. ar­
avin icis daixarja Tu ara es Tanxa da rogor daixarja. is SeiZleba
savsebiT am daniSnulebas moxmarda, magram amis Sesaxeb TviT uwyebam
veraviTari cnoba ver warmoudgina safinanso komisias. 400.000 mane­
Ti agreTve gadadebuli yofila Tbilisis guberniis komisris gankar­
gulebaSi da ramdenad es krediti dafaruli iyo amis Sesaxeb uwyebam
cnoba ver mogvca. man mxolod aRniSna, rom nawili am xarjebisa ukve
gamarTlebulia sabuTebiT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc quTaisis gu­
berniis komisris gankargulebaSi gacemuli xarjebi, ise Tbilisis gu­
berniis komisris gankargulebaSi gacemuli xarjebi ar yofila TviT
uwyebaSi gamarTlebuli sabuTebiT. udavo sabiujeto wesia, rom sanam
es krediti ar iqneba gamarTlebuli saxelmwifo kontrolis winaSe,
manamde misi aRdgena da ganaxleba ar SeiZleba. amis garda aris mrava­
li wvrilmani xarjebi, romelnic ar Seeferebian am Tanxis daniSnule­
bas. sxvaTa Soris, aq aris saxelmwifo stambis gamgeobis muSebisTvis
didi Tanxa jamagirebiT gacemuli, aris sxva da sxva moxeleebis gan­
sakurneblad gacemuli xarjebi da mravali sxva sesxad Tu sxva saxiT
gacemuli Tanxebi. safinanso komisiis zogierTma wevrebma am garemoe­
bas yuradReba miaqcies da moiTxovdnen am kreditis savsebiT uaryo­
fas. magram am sakiTxSi sayuradReboa agreTve meore mxarec. uwyeba
kreditis ganaxlebas moiTxovda da am kreditis gamarTleba ki ara­
viTari ar iyo warmodgenili. arc kontrolSi da arc safinanso komi­
siaSi. uwyebis warmomadgenelma TviTon aRiara, rom es ukanonoa da
sabiujeto wesebTan Seusabamo. aseTi movlena uwyebam im garemoebiT
axsna, rom maT es xarjebi gaswies, ai naxevari am Tanxisa quTaisis gu­
berniis komisris gankargulebaSi gadasces da exla ar ician, rogor
daixarja es fulebi da maT arc ki aqvT ufleba angariSis moTxovnisa,
es kontrolis saqmeao, kontrols ki, rogorc mogaxseneT, es angariSe­
bi sruliad ar miuRia. me vfiqrob, rom damfuZnebel krebaSi ar Sei­
Zleba iyos dava imis Sesaxeb, rom am saxiT, am wesiT krediti ganaxleba
da aRdgena SesaZlebeli iyos.
rodesac raime saqmisTvis, romelime uwyebas krediti exsneba,
rasakvirvelia saWiroa, rom am saqmes moxmardes. magram SeiZleba ex­
landel, marTla, friad areul dros savsebiT ganxorcieleba amisa
ar iyos SesaZlebeli. magram aucilebelia, rom uwyebam, yovels SemTx­

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vevavSi, es krediti gaamarTlos kontrolis winaSe. Tu es ar moeswro
kontrolSi, sabuTebi unda warmodgenili yofiliyo sabiudJeto
komisiaSi cnobisTvis. ai, amitom damfuZnebel krebas ar SeuZlian Se­
qmnas iseTi precendenti, rom uwyebas aRedginos da ganeaxlos iseTi
krediti, romelic mas gamarTlebuli ar aqvs. magram aris garemoeba,
romelsac ar SegviZlian yuradReba ar mivaqcioT, saxeldobr is, rom
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros uxdeba Cven cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli
muSaobis gaweva wesrigis aRsadgenaT. axerxebs Tu ara wesierad am wes­
rigis aRdgenis saqmis warmoebas, es sxva sakiTxia, xolo yovel SemTx­
vevaSi is am wesrigis aRdgenas emsaxureba. amitom am uwyebis yovelg­
var saxsaris moklebas anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad Cven ver vikisrebT.
am uwyebas unda hqondes erTgvari Tanxa saswrafo xarjebisTvis. Tum­
ca man Zveli Tanxa jer kidev ver gaamarTla, magram Cven mas sruliad
usaxsroT ver davtovebT da sxva gziT es Tanxa unda mivceT. amitom
safinanso komisiis wevrebis erTi nawilis azri iyo, rom es krediti
uargveyo, kreditis ganaxlebaze uwyebisTvis uari gveTqva, xolo sas­
wrafo, moulodneli xarjebisTvis migveca is Tanxa, romelsac is Tx­
oulobs. me vfiqrob, rom es aris erTad-erTi gza, is gza, romliTac
Cven muSobaSi ar SevqmniT Zlier mavne precendents da amasTanave ar
mouspobT uwyebas saSualebas, rom man Tavisi muSaoba ganagrZos. ami­
tom erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis saxeliT, me moviTxov, rom dam­
fuZnebelma krebam es uwyebis dekreti uaryos, vinaidan es ewinaaRmde­
geba upirveles yovlisa sazogadod miRebul wess xarjebis gaRebisa
xazinidan da uwyebas mieces saswrafo moulodnel xarjebisTvis nax­
evari milioni maneTi. am kreditis ganaxlebaze ki Cven gveqneba msje­
loba mxolod maSin, rodesac es krediti an savsebiT, an nawilobriv
iqneba gamarTlebuli.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs.
Sinagan saqmeTa ministri n. ramiSvili. eWvs gareSea, rom daxarj­
va am Tanxisa, romelic Cven gadmogveca, Tu saxeSi miviRebT sabiuje­
to wess ukanasknels ar Seesabameba. sabiujeto wesi, yovel SemTxeva­
Si, darRveulia. es Cven ganvacxadeT mTavrobis sxdomaze. es aRniSna
saxelmwifo kontroliorma da safinanso uwyebam. saerTod es davas
ar iwvevs. magram aq Cvens winaSe meore sakiTxi ismeba. jer erTi,
marTlac umTavres SemTxvevaSi es moxmarda Tavis daniSnulebas Tu
ara, da meore, Tu iyo raime gadaxveva, riT iyo es gamowveuli. Cven
es Tanxa miviReT mTavrobis dadgenilebiT 9 ivliss 1919 w. 10 milion
fondidan. 16 ivliss sxdomaze mTavrobam miiRo Cveni winadadeba sa­
gangebo razmis daarsebis Sesaxeb spekulaciasTan sabrZolvelad. am
krebaze iqna dadgenili: mieces Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs ufleba is­
argeblos razmis SesadgenaT mis gankargulebaSi gadadebul Tanxidan
spekuliaciasa da kontr-revoliuciasTan sabrZolvel Tanxidan. da
marTlac Cven visargebleT am dadgenilebiT da 250,000 m. am sagans mox­
marda. Semdeg quTaisis guberniis komisars mieca ara milioni maneTi,

273
rogorc aq iyo naTqami, aramed milion 50, 000 (xma: kidev uaresi!) ar
vici me risTvis aris uaresi, me mgonia saqmisTvis es ar iyo uaresi im­
itom, rom gasul wels umTavresad anarqia mZvinvarebda quTaisis gu­
berniaSi. (xma: xom gaTavda?) me mgonia gaTavda, Tu zogierTi partiebi
ar Seuwyoben xels mis ganaxlebas. Semdeg mogexsenebaT Tbilisis ko­
misarma miiRo 400 aTasi maneTi (xma: maRlakeliZe), diax maRlakeliZem,
maSin maRlakeliZe momxre iyo. sul 2 milioni maneTidan ara pirdapir
daniSnulebaze daxarja 200 aTasi maneTi. es Tanxa Sesdgeba Semdeg ci­
frebidan. stambis gamges mieca salikvidacio fuli, marTalia, es aris
pirdapiri daniSnuleba, _ magram es moxda ai ra pirobebSi: roca Cven
gamovacxadeT damoukidebloba saqarTveloSi, gamodioda gazeTi „ka­
vkaz“. daibada sakiTxi unda arsebobdes es gazeTi Tu ara; yvelasTvis
iyo aSkara, rom gazeTis arseboba sruliad zedmeti aris. mxolod ar­
aviTari Tanxa ar arsebobda; maSin Cven sesxis saxiT miveciT 20 aTasi
maneTi. Semdeg es sesxi ver davibruneT Cven, imitom, rom gazeTma ver
miiRo Sesaferi zoma drozed daemtkicebina Tavisi Statebi. Semdeg
mieca „saqarTvelos respublikas“ 10,000 maneTi. unda mogaxsenoT, rom
roca gazeTi „kavkazi“ davxureT, maSin gamoveciT „saqarTvelos res­
publika“. Cven ar gvaqvs warmodgenili cnobebi imis Sesaxeb Tu, rogor
daxarjulia quTaisis guberniis komisris mier 1 milioni maneTi da
sruli cnoba ar warmoudgenia jer arc Tbilisis guberniis komisars
maRlakeliZes im 400 aTasi maneTisa, romelic mas gadaeca. am mxriv me
vacxadeb, rom, rasakvirvelia, Cven valdebuli varT warmovadginoT
es. yovelgvari zomebi miRebuli aris da me mgonia, rom Cven axlo moma­
valSi roca dadgeba sakiTxi mTel Tanxis ganaRdebaze, rasakvirvelia,
Cven amas warudgenT, rogorc saxelmwifo kontrols, agreTve finan­
sTa saministros.
komisiaSi, romelsac me ar daveswari, magram daeswro Cveni warmo­
madgeneli, didi gaugebroba gamoiwvia erTma garemoebam, rom iq iyo
sxva xarjebi; ai, magaliTad mieca mTavrobis stambis gamges salikvi­
dacio fulis misacemad 20 aTasi maneTi. me mogaxsenebT amaze, rom Ses­
aferi Tanxa ar iyo. ar iyo araviTari Statebi damtkicebulni. State­
bi damtkicebuli iyo 1919 wels ianvarSi. maSin miviReT Cven 90 aTasi
maneTi am miznisTvis, magram es sruliad ar faravda im xarjs, romel­
ic iyo gaweuli. Sedeg aq iyo gancxadebuli, rom 20 aTasi maneTi mieca
bonebis damzadebis eqspedicias. es moxda gaficvis dros. mis Semdeg
Cven xSirad mivmarTvdiT finansTa ministrs, magram am sesxis dabrune­
bas ver veRirseT. dasasrul unda mogaxsenoT, daaxloebiT 20 aTasi
maneTi daixarja 4 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
moxeleebis dasakmayofileblad. Statebi ar iyo damtkicebuli, ar
iyo damtkicebuli agvistos, enkenisTves, oqtombers, noembers da de­
kembers. me unda ganvmarto, rom rasakvirvelia, saxelmwifo kontro­
lioris debulebis Tanaxmad, es ar aris daxarjuli daniSnulebisame­
br. es Cven kargad viciT, magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom im pirobebSi,

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romelSiac Cven vimyofebiT, sxvanairi gamosavali ar iyo. (Sengelaia:
Cveulebriv!) diax! (Sengelaia: yovelTvis asea!) me ar vici ratom aris
es yovelTvis, rodesac Cven vlaparakobT konkretiul SemTxvevaze,
sistema, rom yofiliyo maSin, rasakvirvelia, Tqven marTali iqne­
bodiT. Cven vlaparakobT erT garemoebaze: ar iyo araviTari biuje­
ti. aSkara aris, rom dRidan biujetis miRebisa, am gasesxebas da erTi
Tanxidan meoreSi gadatanas adgili ar eqneba arcerT uwyebaSi. rac
Seexeba im Tanxas, romlis sabuTebi Cven aq ar warmogvidgenia, mogax­
seneT, ar warmoudgenia sabuTi yofil Tfilisis guberniis komisars
da yofil guberniis komisars quTaisisa. es sabuTebi warmodgenili
iqneba axlo momavalSi da maSin b. Sengelaia darwmundeba albad, rom
_ marTlia dagvigvianda _ magram am dagvianebas araviTari zarali
saxelmwifosTvis ar moutania. (xma: marTalia!) me unda davaTavo imiT,
rom CvenTvis, rasakvirvelia, sul erTi iqneba miiRebs aseT winadade­
bas, romelic Semoitana safinanso komisiis wevrma b. asaTianma, Tu
meore winadadebs _ amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs. mxolod erTi aris arse­
biTi, aSkara aris rom aseT Tanxis gadadeba anarqiasTn sabrZolvelad
saWiro iqneba. anarqiasTan brZola saWiro iqneba sxva da sxva kuTxeeb­
Si. me am kuTxeebs ar dagisaxelebT, magram yovel SemTxvevaSi, am Tanx­
is arseboba aucileblad saWiro aris im pirobebSi, romelSiac Cven
vimyofebiT, da rasakvirvelia, es Tanxa unda iyos ama Tu im saxiT ga­
naRdebuli. magram, vinaidan arsebobs es Tanxa, Cven unda miviRoTim sa­
xiT, rogorc sabiujeto komisiam dainaxa SesaZleblaT. xolo Sesafer
cnobebs damfuZnebeli kreba miiRebs SemdegSi, roca saWiro cnobebi
savsebiT miRebuli eqneba saministros.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs oniaSvils.
daviT oniaSvili (s.-d.) am dekretis Sesaxeb neba miboZeT, batone­
bo, social-demokratiis fraqciis saxeliT mogaxsenoT oriode sity­
va. marTali iyo sruliad krebis wevri asaTiani, romelmac ganacxada,
rom sabiujeto komisiaSi am dekretis garSemo gamoiTqva ori azri
da ori mimarTuleba. magram amis Tqma am saaTSi, kategoriulad imis
mtkiceba, rogorc ganacxada krebis wevrma aleqsandre asaTianma, rom
is Tanxa ar daxarjula daniSnulebisamebr, ar moxmarda im mizans,
romlisTvisac es iyo gaRebuli saxelwifosagan, _ amis konkretiulad
mtkiceba me mgonia, rom gadaWarbebuli aris, imitom, rom didi umrav­
lesoba am Tanxisa, rogorc exla mogaxsenaT Sinagan saqmeTa ministr­
ma, _ moxmarda im mizans da im daniSnulebas, _ me ar SemiZlian exla
am masalebis garCeva, romelzedac ase dawvrilebiT mogaxsenaT baton
ministrma.
ueWvelia, rom amis Sesaxeb momxsenebelic getyviT kidev rames, me
mxolod getyviT saerTod, rom didi umetesoba am Tanxisa, daaxlove­
biT 1 milioni 200,000 man. moxmarda swored anarqiasTan brZolas. es
faqti aris, romelic Tqven SegiZlianT amoikiTxoT ai, am masalebidan,
romelic Tan axlavs am dekrets. da rogorc gamonaklisi, daaxlovebiT

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200,000 man. marTalia, ar daxarjula ise, rogorc unda daxarjuliyo,
ese igi ar moxmarda im mizans, romlisTvisac iyo gadadebuli es Tanxa.
ministrma mogaxsenaT am saaTSi, Tu risTvis iyo gadadebuli es Tanxa.
es moxmarda sxva da sxva sesxis saxiT sxva da sxva dawesebulebebs, ro­
gorc iyo „saqarTvelos respublikis“ redaqcia da sxva. magram unda
mogaxsenoT, amas aqvs Tavis gasamarTlebeli sabuTi.
marTalia, Tu marto formalur mosazrebiT vixelmZRvanelebT,
amis gamarTleba yovlad SeuZlebeli aris. amas Cvenc vambobT, magram
Tu arsebiTad CaukvirdebiT sagans, aris batonebo, xandisxan iseTi
mdgomareoba, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia kanonierad, _ me kanons ar
uarvyof, _ yvela wesi ise Sesruldes, rogorc amas moiTxovs kanoni.
maSin, rodesac es Tanxa gacemuli iyo sesxis saxiT kreditebi ar hqon­
da bevr uwyebas gaxsnili, amitom, Sinagan saqmeTa ministri iZulebu­
li iyo sesxis saxiT gaeca es Tanxa. im pirobebiT, rom is daubrundeba
isev mis gankargulebaSi. vimeoreb, rom es ar aris gamonaklisi, ro­
melsac, SeiZleba, adgili ar unda hqonoda, rom marTlac Cven cxovre­
baSi normaluri wyobileba damyarebuli yofiliyo. vimeoreb, radga­
nac jerjerobiT Cven vcxovrobT ara-normalur xanaSi, amitom aseTi
gamonaklisebi, batonebo, mosalodnelia.
Cven gamovTqvamT survils da imeds fraqciis saxeliT, rom mo­
mavalSi ar eqneba adgili am uwesoebas. aravin ar ityvis, rom moxda
kanonis darRveva, es ar aris ukanonoba, es mcire uwesobaa, romel­
ic, SesaZlebelia, gamoswordes. amaSi eWvi ar unda Seeparos aravis
dRes. Tu saeWvo iyo es sakiTxi komisiaSi, dRes, roca uwyebis warmo­
madgeneli gamodis da acxadebs sajarod _ Cven mier miRebuli iqneba
yovelnairi zomebi da valdebulni varT, rom sesxis saxiT gacemuli
fulebi daubrunoTo, _ me mgonia amis Semdeg, roca amas ambobs pa­
suxismgebeli mTavrobis warmomadgeneli, amis Semdeg raime eWvs ad­
gili ar unda hqondes. rasakvirvelia, Cven davadgebodiT swored im
saSualebas, romelzedac migviTiTebs krebis wevri asaTiani, magram
mTeli sakiTxis tragedia imaSi aris, rom sxva gamosavali ar aris.
Tqven ambobT, rom sxva gza unda movnaxoTo, magram, batono, es sxva
gza ar migviTiTeT. fulis Sovna rom ise advili iyos, iqneba ministri
damfuZnebel krebas ar Seawuxebda, magram saqme imaSi aris, rom sxva
gza ar arsebobs garda imisa, romelsac unda daadges damfuZnebeli
kreba, ese igi dekreti miiRos.
exla warmoidgineT aseTi SemTxveva damfuZnebelma krebam dau­
jera eserebs, da uari uTxra am dekrets, Tqven warmoidgineT, ra md­
gomareoba daibadeba saxelmwifoSi. unda SeCerdes mTeli meqanizmi
Tu ara, erTi udidesi nawili mainc am aparatisa;
yvela amis Semdeg, rac brZaneT Tqven dRes, me mgonia Tqveni mi­
zani aris, amitom Cven Tvis dReSi ver davadgebiT am gzas, ver da­
vadgebiT imitom rom saxelmwifo aris mudmivi movlena, da ara is­
eTi, romelic dRes arsebobs, arsebobs damoukidebeli saqarTvelo

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da unda iarsebos mudam. amitom SesaZlebeli aris, rom is gamonakli­
si, romelsac aq adgili hqonda, SeiZleba xandisxan miviRoT, imitom,
rom Cven amnairaT marTla mxedvelobaSi miviRebT Cven saxelmwifos
uzenaes interess. saxelmwifos aparats ar SeuZlian gaCerdes, da
exla, rom saxelmwifos aparati gaCerdes mavnebeli iqneba Cven mo­
mavlisTvis; Tqven iciT, rom jerjerobiT simSvide aris, _ magram
SesaZlebelia, romelime kuTxeSi ifeTqos anarqiam. amas mohyveba ga­
moZaxili sxva kuTxeebSi da aireva qveyniereba, da, rom es anarqia ar
gaCndes, saWiro aris amas SevebrZoloT da amitom gadaWriT vacxa­
deb, _ aucilebeli aris, rom xel-fexi ar SeuborkoT uwyebas, da da­
vakmayofiloT misi Txovna.
mxolod amasTan gamovsTqvam survils, rom momavalSi aRar eqneba
adgili aseT gamonaklisebs, da fraqciis saxeliT vaZlevT winadade­
bas damfuZnebel krebas am SemTxvevaSi miiRos es dekreti ra saxiTac
es warmomadgeneli aris.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis ilia nucubiZes.
nucubiZe. (soc.-rev.) batonebo, aq sadavo araferi aris, aSkaraa,
rom nawili im Tanxisa, romelic gadadebuli iyo Sinagan saqmeTa min­
istris gankargulebaSi ar daixarja wesierad, ese igi ar daxarju­
la daniSnulebisamebr. es aRiara b. ministrma, eseve aRiara saxelm­
wifo kontrolma, amis Sesaxeb erTi azri iyo safinanso komisiaSi.
nawili Tanxisa ki, romelic anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad miuciaT ar
aris gamarTlebuli, radgan araviTari saamiso dokumentebi ar aris
warmodgenili. Cven, rasakvirvelia, vcnobT aucilebel saWiroebaT
anarqiasTan aqtiur brZolas, anarqia CanasaxSive unda iqnas Caklu­
li. amisaTvis ganskuTrebuli Tanxaa saWiro. magram daxarjul fuls
gasamarTlebeli dokumenti unda. Cven moviTxovT aseT dokumentebs
da es Cveni movaleobaa. sanam aseT dokumentebs ar warmogvidgenen,
Cven ver mivscemT xmas am dekrets. Cven savsebiT Segnebuli gvaqvs, rom
gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobaa, rom gansakuTrebul mdgomareobisT­
vis gansakuTrebuli zomebia saWiro. magram isic viciT, rom daxar­
jul fuls angariSi da dokumentebi esaWiroeba. (xmauroba). diax, da
swored am dokumentebs Cven moviTxovT. da swored es ver SeugniaT
zogierT wevrebs damfuZnebel krebisas. me ar megona Tu damfuZnebe­
li krebis winaSe ase usabuTod wardgebodnen. magram, rogorc vxedav,
yvelaferi SesaZlebeli yofila. Cven gveubnebian, dekreti miiReT,
dokumentebs Semdeg warmogidgenTo; unda mogaxsenoT, batonebo, rom
am SemTxvevaSi brma ndobaze ver gavyvebiT. saxelmwifo kasa dacari­
elebulia da amave dros Cvengan fuls moiTxoven uangariSoT. kidev
vimeoreb, Cven ar varT winaaRmdegni sagangebo Tanxa gadavceT Sina­
gan saqmeTa saministros anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad, magram uwinares
yovlisa saWiroa warmoadginon gasamarTlebeli sabuTebi winande­
li Tanxisa, romelic daixarja (l. naTaZe: manamdis ar miscemT?) ba­
tonebo, ratom gvayeneben iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom gamosavali aRar

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aris, aq damnaSavea uwyebis mesveuri, _ romelic valdebuli iyo Tavis
droze ezruna da warmoedgina, CvenTvis gasamarTlebeli sabuTebi. pa­
suxi unda moeTxovos uwyebas, rom aseTi mdgomareoba Segviqmna. Cven,
rasakvirvelia, valdebulni varT darajaT udgeT revoliucias, Cven
valdebuli varT CavaqroT anarqia, magram uwyeba nu Cagvagdebs iseT
mdgomareobaSi, romlidanac gamosvla Zneli iqneba. Cven winaaRmde­
gi varT am dekretisa manam warmodgenili ar iqneba yvela sabuTi im
fulebisa, romelic ukve daxarjulia da Semdeg, rasakvirvelia, Tu
saWiro iqneba aramc Tu naxevar milions, 2 milionsac gadavdebT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis samxedro ministrs.
samxedro ministri. moqalaqeno! Cven swored daJinebiT moviTxo­
vdiT, rom es sakiTxi aq dasmuliyo, da mec amas moviTxov. imitom, rom
gagvefanta is eWvebi, romlebsac aq adgili aqvs. Cven kategoriulad
vamtkicebT, rom arcerTi kapiki ar aris sxva rameze daxarjuli; aris
yvelaferi daxarjuli saxelmwifosTvis. Tumca ar aris milioni mane­
Tis Sesaxeb daculi sabiujeto wesi. aq iyo laparaki imis Sesaxeb Tu ar
viciT razed daxarjes es guberniis komisrebma. me unda ganvacxado aq,
rom guberniis komisrebs ar SeuZliaT sxva rameze daxarjon, vinaidan
maT hqondaT gankargulebaSi kreditebi, _ vinaidan saerTo komisaria­
ti arsebobda winad, droebiTi mTavrobis dros; da moqmedebda winan­
del kreditebis Tanaxmad, da amitom es Tanxa, gansakuTrebuli Tanxa,
romelic maT gadaecaT, maT unda moexmaraT, da me darwmunebuli var,
rom maT moixmares swored im daniSnulebis Tanaxamad, anarqiasTan
sabrZolvelad. maSasadame am mxriv araviTar gaugebrobas adgili ar
unda hqondes. maT ver warmoadgines dRemdis amis sabuTebi. me unda
mogaxsenoT am mxriv, rom samwuxarod, ara Tu marto guberniis komis­
rebi da sxva Tanamdebobis pirebi, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebic
ki xSirad ver asruleben Tavis movaleobas. _ isini ver adgenen Sesaf­
er sabuTebs, amas ver mieCvivnen, magram Tu Tqven ggoniaT, rom es dagvi­
aneba vismes pasuxisgebidan gaanTavisuflebs _ es ase ar aris. arc uw­
yeba da arc vinme sxva Tanamdebobis piri ver ifiqrebs, rom Tu dRes ar
warmoadgina, amiT saqme gaTavebulia. isini warmoadgenen, gaTavda da
morCa. (asaTiani: maSin waiReT!) diax, Cven es SegveZlo gveTqva im SemTx­
vevaSi, rom SegvZleboda mocda; amaT didi xania unda warmoedginaT,
magram dRemdis ver warmoadgines. (kedia: unda ebrZoloT!) exla gan­
sakuTrebul zomebs miviRebT, rom warmoadginon; magram Tu ki Tqven
gaqvT saSualeba moiTminoT manam warmoadgenen, brZaneT, rom saxelm­
wifos SeuZlian marTla ar miaqcios yuradReba... (kedia: sxva saxiT!).
ra sxva saxiT, Cven Tu SegveZlo es wesi migveRo, gana ar miviRebdiT? ar,
Cven dasamali ara gvaqvs ra. aq araviTar borotmoqmedebas adgili ar
aqvs. magram yovel SemTxvevaSi Cven ki swored ar migvaCnia SesaZlod,
ro ar gamogvecxadebina imitom, maSin roca viciT, rom daixarja Tav­
is daniSnulebisamebr garda 200.000 maneTisa, romelic moxmarda ara
im saqmes, romelzedac is daniSnuli iyo, magra moxmarda saqarTvelos

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respublikis saWiroebas. Cven SegveZlo batonebo, dagvecada sanamdis
damtkicdeboda, magram am SemTxvevaSi, ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi
Cven ar gveqneboda gazeTi „saqarTv. respublika“. diax, unda mogaxse­
noT, rom sanam ar arsebobs biujeti, yovelTvis Tqven yvela uwyebaSi
Zalaunaburad aseT rames waawydebiT. unda icodeT es windawin, unda
icodeT, magaliTad, aris iseTi samxedro fondi, romelsac ama Tu im
sesxis saxiT mTavroba axmars meore saxelmwifoebriv saqmes. magram es
sruliad aravis ar aZlevs nebas, sTqvas, rom is ar moxmarda saqmes.
diax, Cven movixmareT saxelmwifo saqmeze, Tumca yvela ar moxmarda im
daniSnulebas, risTvisac gaRebuli iyo es Tanxa. rac Seexeba im Tanxas,
romelzedac ar aris gasamarTlebeli sabuTebi _ es gasamarTlebeli
sabuTebi warmodgenili iqneba am or komisris mier. sxva raimeze ar
SeiZleba daxarjuliyo, vinaidan hqondaT kreditebi da gansakuTre­
bul miznisTvis maT ar SeeZloT miecaT es Tanxa.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi damTavrebuli gaxlavT, Semotanilia wina­
dadeba da gTxovT waikiTxoT. (mdivani kiTxulobs). sityva ekuTvnis
momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. (momxsenebeli) Sinagan saqmeTa ministris da am­
xanag oniaSvilis sityvebis Semdeg me mgonia bevri saTqmeli araferi
gaxlavT. me minda mivaqcio Tqveni yuradReba erT garemoebas. krebis
wevrma nucubiZem ganacxada: Cven araferi gvaqvs sawinaaRmdego, rom es
Tanxa mieces mTavrobas, magram angariSi unda moeTxovos mTavrobaso.
me vfiqrob, rom arc erTi damfuZnebeli krebis wevri winaaRmdegi ar
iqneba, rom mTavrobas angariSi moeTxovos, miT umetes, rom TiTon wev­
ri mTavrobisa gvpirdeba, _ roca unda iyos aseT angariSs warmovad­
genTo. magram is gancxadeba, rom TiTqos isini ar arin winaaRmdegni am
Tanxis gadadebisa, saeWvo xdeba mis Semdeg, rac b. nucubiZe acxadebs:
sanam angariSs ar warmoadgenT, manamdis 1/2 milions nu gadavdebT. aq
sakiTxi ibadeba aseTi, _ ra qnas mTavrobam maSin, rodesac anarqiuli
gamosvlebi iCenen aqa iq Tavs? Tu mas fuli ar eqneba, es imas niSnavs,
rom am anarqias ar SeebrZolos. (xmauroba) Tqven SegiZlianT iZaxoT
„ki“ da „uic“. magram gasakvirveli ar iqneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom Tqve­
ni oriode xmebi Sekrebilia maSin, rodesac anarqiuli qar-cecxli iyo
modebuli. Tu gindaT, rom anarqiam ar gaidgas fesvebi, rodesac ga­
reSe mteri gvadgas, arcerT damfuZnebeli krebis wevrs ena ar unda
moubrundes imis TqmisTvis, rom mTavrobas fuli ar unda mivceT _
anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad. me vimeoreb, da uwyebis warmomadgenelma
tribunidan saqveynod ganacxada, rom uwyebam ver Sekrifa cnobebi da
ver warmoadgina angariSebi, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom saSualeba
unda mouspoT mas ganagrZos brZola anarqiis winaaRmdeg.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu ra saxiT unda iyos micemuli es naxevari mil­
ioni maneTi, dekretiT, rogorc aq aris warmodgenili, Tu raime sxva
saxiT, romelic krebis wevrma asaTianma warmoadgina, praqtikulad es
saqmisTvis SeiZleba sul erTi iyos. magram fulis micemis wesi erTi

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aris. arsebobs respublikaSi kanonmdebloba. Tu mivcemT im dekretiT,
romelic aq iyo warmodgenili, es, me mgonia, ufro misaRebia. aq xazi
gausves imas, rom wesi, saerTod yvela wesi fulis daxarjvisa, ar
iyo daculi. magram iseT pirobebSi, romelSiac Cven vimyofebiT, rom
yoveli wesebi iyos daculi, amas ver movTxovT. safinanso komisi­
is sxdomaze uwyebis warmomadgenelma ganacxada: „Мы держим в руках
кишку, которою тушим пожар~... es sityvebi momyavs rusulad, radganac
rusulad iyo naTqvami. marTalia, Cven mTavrobas da Sinagan saqmeT
saministros uxdeba mudmiv fxizlaT adevnos Tvalyuri anarqiul ga­
mosvlebs, romelnic aqa iq iCenen Tavs da aqrobs anarqiul cecxls.
da aseT dros, rodesac xSirad ara aqvs saSualeba, dafiqrdnen Tu
rogor Caaqron es anarqia, maSin Tu movTxovoT mTavrobas, rom yove­
li wesi iyos daculi, _ es imas niSnavs, rom xeli SeuSaloT anarqiis
winaaRmdeg na­yofierad brZolaSi. me social-demokratiul fraqciis
saxeliT, winadadeba Semomaqvs es dekreti, romelic aris Semotani­
li, miiRos im saxiT, rogorc aris warmodgenili.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris Semotanili erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqciis mier dekretis Sesaxeb Semdegi Sinaarsisa, rom a)
„dekretis Sesaxeb naxevar milionisa uaryofili iqnes. b) gadaidvas
1/2 milioni maneTi Sinagan saqmeTa ministris gankargulebaSi sas­
wrafo da moulodnel xarjebisTvis“. kenWs uyri am winadadebas, vin
aris momxre? winadadeba uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi,
rom muxlobriv ganxilvaze gadavideT. aravin. gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze. (dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia da gadaecema
saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi sxdomis dRiuri wesrigi
(mdivani kiTxulobs..) amtkicebT Tu ara Semdegi sxdomis dRiur wes­
rigs? dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebuli gaxlavT.
krebas vxurav. sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.

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 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba.
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaTerTmete sxdoma

1919 weli, paraskevi, ivnisis 27. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umcrosi am­

xanagi
eqvTime TayaiSvili.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe,
konstantine jafariZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.

dRiuri wesrigi

mdivani (kiTxulobs)
1. saboloo teqsti _ jaridan gaqcevisa da nebadaurTvelad
wasvlisaTvis dasjis dekretisa.
2. saboloo teqsti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan naxevari milioni mane­
Tis gaRebis dekretisa _ anarqiasTan sabrZolvelad.
3. saboloo teqti _ savaWro samrewvelo da saxelosno dawese­
bulebaTa daqiravebul binidan gaZevebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.
saboloo teqsti _ savaWro-sarewvelo da saxelosno dawesebule­
baTa daqiravebul binidan gaZevebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb.
4. saboloo teqsti _ mTavar sabaJos sammarTvelos da foTisa da
soxumis sabaJoebis Statis gadidebis kanonisa.

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 5. dekreti yofil amier-kavkasiis 1915-1917 wlebis saerobo kre­
ditebis erTi mesamedis 1919 wlisaTvis gavrcelebisa.
6. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa rkinis gzis mier
dakargul bargisa da barg-saqonlis misacem fasis gadidebis Sesaxeb.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa uZrav qonebis iZu­
lebiT CamorTmevisa, droebiT daWerisa da mis sargeblobaSi monaw­
ileobis uflebis dawesebis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo, an sazogadoebriv
saWiroebisaTvis.
8. pirveli _ (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa sazRvar gareT
specialur swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavn axalgazrdaTaT­
vis sastipendio Tanxad erTi milioni maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
9. dekreti 1919 wlis maisis 27 kanonis _ saxelmwifo xazinis Semo­
savlis gasaZliereblad zogierT zomebis miRebis kanoni damatebisa.
Tavmjdomare. amtkicebT Tu ara dRiur wesrigs? wesrigi miRe­
bulia.

saboloo teqstebi.

(krebis wevris olRa soloRaSvilis moxsenebiT damtkicebul da

miRebul iqna dRiur wesrigis 1, 2, 3, da 4 muxlSi aRniSnul sakanon­
mdeblo aqtTa saboloo teqsti).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi: dekreti yofil amier-kavkasiis
1915-17 wlebis saerobo kreditebis erTi mesamedis 1919 wlisaTvis
gavrcelebisa. momxsenebelia oniaSvili.
daviT oniaSvili. (s.-d.) sabiujeto komisiis saxeliT vTxov dam­
fuZnebel krebas es dekreti moxsnili iqnas dRiur wesrigidan da Sem­
deg warmovadgenT.
Tavmjdomare. winaaRmdegi amisa aravin aris? maSasadame moxsnili
gaxlavT. Semdegi kanon-proeqti. momxsenebelia iremaSvili.
iremaSvili. kanon-proeqti Seexeba rkinis gzis mier dakargul
bargs da barg-saqonlis misacem fasis gadidebas. fasis gadidebis
Sesaxeb rkinis gzaze wesdebiT 17 muxlis ZaliT, mgzavrTa dakargul
bargis asanazRaurebis wesiT eZlevaT (kiTxulobs). magram am Jamad
Cveni fulis kursi dacemulia da sabiujeto komisiam saWirod scno
miematebina Semdegnairad: (kiTxulobs). ai aseTi gadideba Seitana sa­
biujeto komisiam.
Tavmjdomare. Semdeg gaxlavT Semotanili Sesworeba social-
demok­ratiis fraqciis mier: kiTxulobs), pirvel muxlSi „a“-Si „oTxi
maneTi“, Seicvalos „eqvs maneTad“. „b“-Si „eqvsi maneTi“ – „rva maneTad“
da „g“-Si 8 maneTi“ _ aT maneTad“.
sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs wulaZes.
wulaZe: (s.-d.) warsul damfuZebel krebis sxdomaze, rodesac Cven
pirvelad ganvixileT es kanon-proeqti, momxenebelis mTavari azri iyo

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is, rom dRes kursi Cveni fulisa Zlier daeca, amitom sasargeblod vnax­
eT maSindels sxdomaze es 4 maneTi gagvedidebina. dRes momxsenebelma
Tqven mogaxsenaT, rom erTis magivrad iyos 4 maneTi, or maneTis magivrad
iyos 6 maneTi, da samis magivrad iyos 8 maneTi. social-demokratiul
fraqcias amis Sesaxeb hqonda msjeloba da principialurad, rasakvir­
velia, eTanxmeba am fasis gadidebas, mxolod es gadideba miaCnia mcired
da amitom Semoaqvs es Sesworeba, ese igi iq, sadac aris 4 maneTi _ 6 mane­
Ti iqnas, sadac 6-8 maneTi da 8 maneTis magier 10 maneTi. amitom Cveni
fraqciis saxeliT mogaxsenebT da gTxovT miiRoT.
iremaSvili. gzaTa uwyebis saxeliT SemiZlia mogaxsenoT, rom
veTanxmebi srulebiT Sesworebas, vinaidan fasma marTlac sagrZno­
blad aiwia. es Sesworeba cotad dagvianebul kanon-proeqtis cxovre­
baSi gatarebas Seavsebs. am mxriv Cven Sesworebas veTanxmebiT.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba miRebulia. pirveli muxli miRebulia.
iremaSvili. meore muxli: (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. am meore muxlis Sesaxeb Sesworeba Semotanili gax­
lavT 4 maneTis magivrad gaxdes 6 maneTi.
wulaZe. imave mosazrebiT social-demokratiuli fraqciis
saxeliT vTxoulob, es meore Sesworebac iqnes miRebuli, ese igi 4
maneTi Seicvalos 6 maneTad.
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba miRebulia. meore paragrafi SesworebiT
miRebulia.
iremaSvili. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. aqac Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili, rom 4 maneTis
magivrad iyos Setanili 6 maneTi. Sesworeba miRebulia. mesame muxlic
miRebulia. saerTod kanon-proeqti miRebulia. Semdeg: -

pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa uZrav

qonebis iZulebiT Ca­m orTmevisa, droebiT daWerisa da
mis sargeblobaSi monawileobis uflebis dawesebis
Sesaxeb saxelmwifo, an sazogadoebriv saWiroebisaTvis.

sityva ekuTvnis k. w. sayvareliZes.

pavle sayvareliZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! es sakiTxi exeba uZrav qonebis
iZulebiT CamorTevas, droebiT daWeras da sargeblobaSi monawileo­
bis uflebis dawesebas saxelmwifo, an sazogadoebriv saWiroebisaT­
vis. es sakiTxi Zalian rTulia, rogorc socialuri, ekonomiuri Si­
naarsiT ise iuridiul da saxelmwifoebriv mosazrebiTac. ai amitom
aseTi vrceli sakiTxi social-demokratiul fraqciam ver moaswro
ganxilva savsebiT da amitom social-demokratiul fraqcia iTxovs,
rom is moxsnili iqnes dRevandel sxdomidan.
Tavmjdomare. es sakiTxi moxsnili gaxlavT dRiur wesrigidan.
Semdegi kanon-proeqti:

283
 pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa sazRvar-gared
specialur swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavnad
axalgazrdaTaTvis sastipendio Tan­x ad 1 milioni
maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia soloRaSvilis asuli.

soloRaSvilis asuli. warmodgenili kanon-proeqti exeba saz­
Rvar-­­gared specialur swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavn axal­
gazrdebisaTvis sastipendio Tanxis 1 milion maneTis gadadebas.
mogexsenebaT Tu ra pirobebSi gvixdeba Cveni saxelmwifoebriv aR­
maSeneblobiTi muSaobis warmoeba. istoriam metad mZime da rTuli
movaleoba dagvakisra: es aris axali saxelmwifos axal niadagze aSen­
eba. amisTvis, rasakvirvelia, saWiro aris CvenTvis Sesaferi Zalebis
yola, romelnic cxovrebis yovel dargSi gauZRvebian saqmes ise, ro­
gorc amas moiTxovs saWiroeba.
saWironi arian mraval mxriv codniT aRWurvilni pirni, energi­
ulni da gamocdilni, magra Cvenda-saubedurod, iseTi pirebi metad
naklebad mogvepoveba, saWiroeba da moTxovnileba ki Zlier didia.
mizezi am naklisa mravalgvaria, magram erTi umTavresi mizezTgani
gaxlavT is, rom Zvelma biurokratiulma mmarTvelobam Tavis brude
politikiT saSualeba mogvispo, rom CvenSi ganviTarebuliyo ekono­
miuri, kulturuli, da sazogadod yvela sasicocxlo Zalebi. Cven
axalgazrdobas ar hqonda gasaqani, maT xel-fexi hqondaT Seborkili,
da isini iZulebulni iyvnen samSoblos moSorebulni, sadme sxvagan
emuSavnaT da eSromaT.
ai es ukargavda maT yovelgvar unars, survils mecadineobisas.
miuxedavad bevrgvari cdisa, miuxedavad bevrgvari mecadineobisa aq
Cven mxareSi, erTi umaRlesi saswavleblis dawesebac ki ver moxerxda,
rom Seqmniliyo kulturuli centri da mis gareSe Semokrebiliyvnen
Cveni samecniero Zalebi, romelic dRes Cven mogvepoveba _ gafantul­
ni iyvnen da muSaobdnen sul sxva mxareSi. CvenSi ki gvigzavnidnen iseT
pirebs, romelnic CvenTan organiulad dakavSirebulni ar iyvnen, ar
icnobdnen Cven bunebas, Cven qveyanas, Cveni qveynis Tvisebas da, rasak­
virvelia, aseTi pirni ver iqnebodnen Cveni qveynis ayvavebis mosurve­
ni. ai aseTi iyo mdgomareoba.
magram ruseTis did revoliuciam Zirian fesvianad Sescvala es
mdgomareoba da Cveni xalxis bedi Cven xelSive gadmogvca. exla mTel
Tavis siZlieriT, mTel Tavis sigrZe-siganiT warmosdga sakiTxi _ sa­
Tanado dargebisTvis specialistebis momzadeba da maTi swavla-ga­
naTlebis gamoyenebisa. saqarTvelo warmoadgens gansakuTrebul mx­
ares. es iSviaTi qveyanaa Tavisi bunebrivi simdidriT. misi zeda piri
dafarulia mravalgvar tyeebiT, dedamiwis wiaRSi dafarulia mad­
neuloba da samkurnalo wylebi da sxva; magram yvela es TiTqmis pir­
velyofil mdgomareobaSia, daumuSavebelia da Cven ver vsargeblobT,

284
ver viRebT yvela im sargeblobas, romelic SegveZlo migveRo, saWiro
aris misi patronoba da movla. amas ki SevZlebT mxolod maSin, roca
gveyoleba saTanadod momzadebuli pirebi. romeli dargic ar unda
aviRoT Cveni cxovrebisa iqneba es finansiuri, sameurneo, texnikuri
Tu sxva, yvelgan vgrZnobT, rom gvaklia Sesaferi Zalebi. gansakuTre­
biT Cveni qveyana sameurneo qveyanaa, magram aqac ki ar mogvepovebian
saTanadoT momzadebulni pirni. da Tu mogvepovebian yvelani ucxo
tomisani arian, romelnic rogorc mogaxseneT, naklebad arian CvenTan
dakavSirebulni da pirvel SemTxvevaSive dagvanebeben Tavs da wav­
len. ise, rom sakuTari ZalebiT unda davfaroT, Cveni moTxovnileba
da sakuTari Zalebi ganvaviTaroT.
am garemoebas, rasakvirvelia, mTavroba miaqcevda yuradRebas, da
miaqcia kidec, da ai ganaTlebis saministrom Semoitana kanon-proeqti,
romliTac iRebs zomebs am sakiTxis mosagvareblad. erTi am zomTagani
aris, es dekreti; _ dekretis azriT sazRvargareT unda gaigzavnos
specialur codnis SesaZenad axalgazrdoba da amisTvis saministro
Txoulobs, rom damfuZnebelma krebam gadasdos 1 milioni maneTi spe­
cialur sastipendio Tanxad; _ am Tanxis ganawileba moxdeba sauwye­
baTSoriso komisiis mier, ganaTlebis ministris TavmjdomareobiT.
kanon-proeqti gadmovida ganaTlebis komisiaSi, romelmac ganix­
ila igi da miiRo. Seitana mxolod cotaodeni cvlileba, romelic
SemdegSi mdgomareobs: ganaTlebis saministros mier warmodgenili
kanon-proeqtSi iyo, rom gaigzavneba axalgazrdoba, Cven ki vixmareT
zogadi termini „gaigzavnebian pirni“, imitom, rom SesaZlebelia saW­
iro gaxdes iseTi piris gagzavna, romlis Caricxva axalgazrdaTa ricx­
vSi Znelia, magram misi gagzavna ki mizanSewonili da saWiro iqneba.
aris kidev erTi patara cvlileba, is, rom „sazRvargareT gaig­
zavneba specialur swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad“; ase iyo ganaTlebis
saministros mier warmodgenil kanon-proeqtSi, magram Cven cota ga­
vafarToveT es da SevcvaleT ase: „specialur codnisaTvis, anda swav­
la-ganaTlebis misaRebad“. ganaTlebis komisia mouwodebs damfuZneb­
el krebas miiRos es kanon-proeqti, raTa amiT xeli Seuwyos Cveni
qveynis ayvavebas, gaZlierebas da winsvlas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebels anjafariZes.
g. anjafariZe (s.-d.) sabiujeto komisiis daskvna Seexeba mxolod
am sakiTxis finansiur mxares. ganaTlebis saministros aqvs ganzrax­
uli daaxlovebiT 43 axalgazrda piri gaigzavnos sazRvargareT. am
saWiroebisTvis saministro iTxovs Tqvengan 1 milion maneTs. sabiu­
jeto komisias es Tanxa Zalian cotad miaCnia, Tu miviRebT mxedvelo­
baSi, rom Cveni bonebis kursi exlandel pirobebSi Zlier ecema. Cven
viciT kargad, rom erTi franki udris 15 maneTs. ai aseT pirobebSi,
rasakvirvelia, erT milioni maneTi gansakuTrebiT 1,000 maneTi Tvi­
Teul axalgazrdaze Zalian cota iqneba. daaxlovebiT es iqneba Tve­
Si 30 franki. safinanso komisia fiqrobs, rom Tu ki saWiro aris spe­

285
cialur codnis misaRebad axalgazrdobis gagzavna sazRvargared,
rasakvirvelia, isini unda iyvnen Cayenebulni iseT piroebebSi, rom
materialurad, cotad Tu bevrad uzrunvelyofilni iyvnen. winaaRm­
deg SemTxvevaSi maT mecadineoba ar SeeZlebaT da is 1 milioni maneTi,
romelsac Tqven gaiRebT _ dakarguli iqneba. amitom safinanso komis­
ia fiqrobs, rom 3,000 maneTi mainc mieces Tviurad im axalgazrdas,
romelic iqneba Cven mier gagzavnili specialur ganaTlebis misaRe­
bad. aseTi axalgazrdoba unda iyos gagzavnili ricxviT samocamde.
daaxlovebiT, da Tanxa ki, romelic Tqven unda gaiRoT unda udrides
ara nakleb or milion maneTs. safinanso komisia principialurad emx­
roba am kanon-proeqts, magram Semoaqvs Sesworeba gadadebuli iqnes 1
milionis magivrad 2 milioni maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia. exla aris damate­
ba dekretisa. unda mogaxsenoT, rom vinaidan 1918 wels 27 maiss kanoni
aris miRebuli damatebis Semotana dekretis saxiT ar Seesabameba, rom
am kanons dekretis saxiT damateba mieces. dRes iyos zogadi ganxilva
Tu Semdeg, rodesac vada gava da (ar ismis) winaaRmdeg aris vinme, rom
es zogadi gan­xilva iyos mxolod am (ar ismis) damatebis. momxsenebe­
lia oniaSvili.
daviT oniaSvili. (s.-d.) batonebo! damfuZnebel krebis 27 maisis
kanoniT 200% gadidebuli iqmna ZiriTadi gadasaxadi yvela savaWro-­
samrewvelo dawesebulebebze. am kanonis deda azri imaSi mdgomare­
obs, rom gadidebuli iyos xazinis Semosavali, magram aris erTi
garemoeba, romelic xels uSlis da aferxebs am miznis Sesrulebas. es
mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobam 1917 welSi 18
oqtombers daadgina, rom im savaWro-samrewvelo dawesebulebebs, ro­
melnic ar arian valdebulni gamoaqveynon TavianTi angariSebi, sap­
rocento gadasaxadSi Caericxeba mTeli raodenoba ZiriTad samrewve­
lo gadasaxadebis; xolo im savaWro-samrewvelo dawesebulebebs,
romelnic valdebulni arian gamoaqveynon Tavisi angariSebi, saTanxo
gadasaxadebSi Caericxeba mTeli raodenoba ZiriTad gadasaxadebisa.
maSasadame, Tu Cven, aseT mdgomareobas davtovebT, SeuZlebeli gaxde­
ba mixweuli iqnes is mizani, romelic dasaxuli aqvs 27 maisis kanons.
amitom unda gauqmdes droebiTi mTavrobis kanoni, romelic am­
cirebs xazinis Semosavals. am axali kanonis miRebiT, ZiriTadi sasare­
wao gadasaxadi darCeba xazinis Semosavlis damoukidebel wyarod,
amasTanave iarsebebs damatebiTi saprocento gadasaxadi.
Tavmjdomare. muxlobrivi ganxilva gadadebulia Semdeg sxdo­
misTvis. mdivani kiTxulobs Semdeg sxdomis dRiur wesrigs. sxdomas
vxurav. sxdoma ixureba naSuadRevis 2 saaTsa da 15 wuTze.

286
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaTormete sxdoma

paraskevi, 1919 weli, ivlisis 1. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umfrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian
svimon mdivani,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli,
konstantine jafariZe.
sxdoma iwyeba naSuadRevis 12 saaTsa da 5 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs.
mdivani. (komisiebSi gadasacem sakanonmdeblo aqtebis nusxis
wakiTxvis Semdeg kiTxulobs dRiur wesrigs).

dRiuri wesrigi.

1). saboloo teqsti _ rkinis gzis mier dakargul bargisa da

barg-saqonlis misacem fasis gadidebis kanonisa.
2). dekreti saqarTvelos saerobo dawesebulebaTa Sesanaxad
7.069.126 man. gadadebisa.
3). pirveli ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa uZrav qonebis iZulebiTi
CamorTmevisa, droebiT daWerisa da misi sargeblobaSi monawileobis
uflebis dawesebis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo, an sazogado saWiroebisaTvis.
4). dekreti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 66.000 man. gadadebis mdinare
cxenis-wylis napirebis gamagrebisaTvis.

287
 5). dekreti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 166.444 man gadadebisa _ Sina­
gan saqmeTa saministros sanitarul nawilis saWiroebisaTvis.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva dRiur wesrigis Sesaxeb?
msurveli arvinaa. dRiuri wesrigi miRebulia. pirveli sakiTxi _ sab­
oloo teqsti rkinis gzis mier dakargul bargisa da barg-sqonlis mis­
acem fasis gadidebis kanonisa. momxsenebelia q. soloRaSvilis asuli.
an. soloRaSvili. (kiTxulobs saboloo teqsts, romelic krebis
mier miRebuli iqna).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi.

dekreti saqarTvelos saerobo dawesebulebaTa

Sesanaxad 7.069.126 man. gadadebisa.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri oniaSvili.

daviT oniaSvili (s.-d.) dekreti saqarTvelos saerobo dawese­
bulebebis Sesanaxavad 7.069.126. man. gaRebisa. Zvel weswyobilebis
dros amierkavkasiaSi arsebobda ramodenime dawesebulebani, romel­
sac mTavroba saerobo xarjebiT inaxavda, nawili ai am dawesebulebebi­
sa ukve dRes gadaeca erobebs. didi umravlesoba am dawesebulebebisa
jer-jerobiT isev mTavrobis gankargulebaSi aris da, maSasadame, isi­
ni unda Seinaxos mTavrobam, am dawesebulebebis Sesanaxavad Zvelad
sam weliwadSi erTxel dgeboda xarjT-aRricxva, da ai am xarjT-aR­
ricxvis mixedviT mTavroba inaxavda am dawesebulebebs.
cnobisTvis mogaxsenebT, rom yovel wliurad mTel amier-kavka­
sias am saerobo dawesebulebebis Sesanaxad uxdeboda 7.069.126. man. ai
swored is jami, romelic aRniSnulia dRevandel dekretis saTaurSi.
fuli ganawilebuli iyo Semdegnairad (kiTxulobs) ai es yvelaferi
Seadgens 7.069.126 man.
vimeoreb, rom miuxedavad amisa nawili am dawesebulebebis da,
maSasadame, zogierTi paragrafi gauqmebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos,
radganac erobebs gadaeca. didi nawili am dawesebulebebisa jer-je­
robiT mTavrobis xelSa da maSasadame mTavrobam unda izrunos maT
Senaxvaze.
cnobisTvis mogaxsenebT, Tu romeli dawesebuleba darCa, romelia
jer-jerobiT mTavrobis xelSi. es dawesebulebebi gaxlavT Semdegi:
(kiTxulobs) ai, amnairad es dawesebulebebi, romelic me CamovTvale
jer-jerobiT isev mTavrobis gankargulebaSi aris da mTavroba Semo­
dis SuamdgomlobiT, rom aucileblad gaRebul iqnes is Tanxa, romel­
ic aRniSnuli aris am dekretSi.
SeiZleba zogierTebs gaukvirdeT, rom es Tanxa winad gadadebuli
iyo mTel amierkavkasiis dawesebulebebis Sesanaxad da dRes ki mTav­
roba Txoulobs marto saqarTvelosTvis. unda mogaxsenoT, rom dRe­
vandeli cxovrebis pirobebi imdenad gansxvavdebian erTi meorisagan,

288
rom ai es Svidi milioni, romelzedac aq aris laparaki da romelic
Semotanilia dekretSi, Tqven warmoidgineT, aramc Tu mTeli saerobo
dawesebulebebisTvis, aramed mxolod mixeilis saavadmyofosTvis da
sabeiTlosTvis ar aris sakmarisi. ase rom, es aris minimumi, romlis
gaReba aucilebelia. amaze naklebi Tanxis gaReba yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia. ai am dekretSi aris erTi muxli, sadac aris naTqvami, rom mTav­
robas daevalos, Tu saWiro iqneba, momavalSi mimarTos Suamdgomlo­
biT kidev fulis gaRebisTvis saWiro dawesebulebebis Sesanaxad.
Cven darwmunebuli varT, imaSi, rom mTavrobas es fuli dasWird­
eba, amitom mTavrobam unda saerTo xarjT-aRricxvis wesiT gaataros
es xarji da mere Semovides saTanado SuamdgomlobiT damfuZnebel
krebaSi. ai mokled is, rac me unda momexsenebina am kanon-proeqtis
Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? msurveli aravin gaxlavT. vin aris
winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? aravin, gTxovT
waikiTxoT.
oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs muxlobriv; dekreti muxlobriv miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. dRiur wesrigSi gaxlavT sakiTxi:

kanon-proeqti uZrav qonebis iZulebiTi CamorTmevisa.

momxsenebelia iuridiuli komisiis wevri batoni jafariZe.

momxsenebeli sergei jafariZe. batonebo! im kanonis proeqts, ro­
melsac mogaxsenebT, miznad aqvs gansazRvros is wesebi, is pirobebi,
romlebSiac SeiZleba kerZo mesakuTreebs CamoerTvas maTi sakuTreba,
uZravi qoneba, saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv saWiroebisaTvis.
(Tavmjdomare: gTxovT xamamRla ilaparakoT). Cven viciT, rom ekono­
miur aRorZinebisTvis da ubralo mimosvlis saukeTeso mowyobisT­
vis saWiroa da sasurveli, rom Cveni teritoria momavalSi mofeni­
li iqnes rkinis gzebis qseliT da Sara-gzebiT. rogorc mogexsenebaT,
Cven ukve miRebuli gvaqvs, SemoviReT savaldebulo swavla-ganaTle­
ba pirvel-dawyebiTi, amisTvis saWiro iqneba, rasakvirvelia, saTana­
do Senobebi, binebis mopoveba da SeZena, agreTve saavadmyofoebi da
bevri ram, rasac saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba
aqvs. aseTi saqmeebis mowyoba SeuZlebelia, Tu Cven ar miviReT wesi
iZulebiTi CamorTmevisa uZrav qonebisa, imitom, rom, rodesac, mag­
aliTad, gza gagyavT da, rodesac am gzam unda gaiaros mTeli rigi
sxva da sxva adgilebisa, yvelasTan SeTanxmeba aramc Tu Znelia, xSir­
ad SeuZlebelic aris. yvela saxelmwifoSi da, sxvaTa-Soris, ruseT­
Siac Zvelad arsebobda instituti iZulebiT CamorTmevisa. es wesi,
rasakvirvelia, arsebobs exlac, CvenSiac, im momqmed kanonis ZaliT,
romelic iyo winad ruseTis kanonmdeblobaSi. mxolod is wesi iseTi
rTuli iyo, iseTi biurokratiuli, rom sanam im wesis mixedviT raime

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saqmes cxovrebaSi gaatarebdiT, gavidoda xSirad 20, 30, an 40 weliwa­
di. iCagreboda, ferxdeboda sazogadoebrivi saqmec da iCagreboda is
kerZo piric, romelsac arTmevdnen iZulebiT sakuTar qonebas da safa­
surs aZlevdnen xSirad 30 wlis Semdeg. exlac bevri aris aseTi SemTx­
vevebi, magaliTad, amier-kavkasiis rkinis gzebisTvis CamorTmeulia
adgilebi da am adgilebis patrons dRemdisac fuli ar aqvs miRebu­
li. sakmaoa, magaliTad, gavixsenoT is gza, romelic unda gaevlos im
wesiT dawyebul saqmes ruseTis kanonmdeblobis ZaliT: visac undoda
sadme rkinis gzis gayvana, _ vinc unda yofiliyo, iqneboda is sazo­
gadoebrivi dawesebuleba Tu kerZo kompania _ sul erTia, imas unda
miemarTa saministrosTvis, saministroSi Seiqneboda erTi davidara­
ba, sja-baasi, mere gagzavnidnen gubernatorTan, gubernators mosTx­
ovdnen daskvnas, Semdeg dabrundeboda petrogradSi _ saministroSi,
es gadascemda saxelmwifo sabWos, saxelmwifo sabWo ganixilavda, Sem­
deg es gadascemda mefes, mefe miiRebda Suamdgomlobas, is mimarTvda
umarTebules senats, „uqaziT“, sadac iyo naTqvami, CamoerTvas esa Tu
is adgili, vTqvaT, rkinis gzis gasayvanad.
es iyo pirveli aqti. Semdeg es modioda petrogradidan mefis
moadgilesTan, aqedan general-gubernatorTan, gubernatori gzavni­
da mazris ufrosTan, mazris ufrosi ugzavnida adgilobriv boqauls,
romelic aswerda adgils; es aweriloba midioda mazris ufrosTan,
mazris ufrosisagan _ gubernatorTan, gubernatori Semdeg gadasce­
mda egreTwodebul, damfasebel komisias, sadac iyo marSali da sxva
da sxva Tanamdebobis pirni, romelTac araviTari jildo ar qondaT
daniSnuli da amitom aWianurebdnen ramdenime aT weliwadobiT. mere
midioda gubernatorTan, gubernatori Tavis daskvniT ugzavnida
mefis moadgiles, aqedan _ saTanado ministrs, ministri saxelmwifo
sabWos da ase gauTaveblad midioda mefesTan da iq swydeboda, sab­
olooT, ra adgili unda CamoerTvas da ramdeni safasuri unda mieces
patrons. amis Semdeg fuli SehqondaT xazinaSi sagubernio mmarTve­
lobis depozitad, da Tu winandeli qonebis patroni ar warmoadgen­
da raime dasabuTebul sabuTebs, rom misi iyo, fulis miRebac erTi
gasaWiri ram iyo. ai am wesebis nacvlad, romelic, rogorc mogaxsen­
eT, gamowveul iyo, erTis mxriT imiT, rom biurokratiuli wesi iyo,
da meores mxriv imiT, rom kerZo sakuTreba erTgvar kerps Seadgen­
da, romlis SezRudva did ukmayofilebas dabadavda. ai am wesebis na­
cvlad am kanon-proeqts ganzraxuli aqvs, SemoiRos iseTi wesi, ro­
melic ufro Seegueba sazogadoebriv moTxovnilebas. winad iSviaTaT
yofila SemTxveva, rom CamoerTvaT visTvisme adgili, Tu es saWiro
ar iyo rkinis gzisTvis... (ar ismis). danarCen SemTxvevebSi erobas,
an qalaqs CamoerTvas, es praqtikulad saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebaSi,
ruseTma ar icoda. ai am mxriv, da amis nacvlad, am kanon-proeqts aqvs
miznad SemoiRos iseTi wesi, rom CamorTmeva uZrav qonebisa, rodesac
amas moiTxovs Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba, saxelmwifoebrivi

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an sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelovani saqme, es CamorTmeva gaaadvilos da
Tan iseTi wesi, romelic gansazRvravs samarTlian safasurs, romelic
miecema qonebis patrons da Tan miecema Tavis droze. swored am mizniT
mTavrobam warudgina damfuZnebel krebas Tavis proeqti; es proeqti
damyarebuli iyo or principze. CamorTmevis ufleba eZleva mxolod
mTavrobas, da rac Seexeba safasuris gansazRvras, es sakiTxi gadaece­
ma saerTo wesiT sasamarTlos. sasamarTlo, rogorc yvela samoqalaqo
saqmeSi, gamoikvlevs, Tu ra Rirs CamorTmeuli qoneba, Tu ra zarali
mouvida patrons. gamoikvlevs eqspertebis saSualebiT, adgilobriv
pirobebis gamokvleviT, mowmeebis saSualebiT da sxva da amis mixed­
viT gadaswyvets, Tu ramdeni fuli unda mieces CamorTmeul qonebaSi
saxelmwifosagan, erobisagan da kerZo kompaniisagan, romelsac miece­
ma CamorTmeuli adgili.
rodesac es kanon-proeqti gadaeca iuridiul komisias, am komi­
siam Tavisi mxriT saWirod dainaxa ganexila es kanon-proeqti adgi­
lobriv mmarTvelobis da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiasTan erTd. am
or komisiam saWirod scnes SeetanaT im wesSi, romelic ganzraxulia
mTavrobis mier, zogierTi sxva axali principi. es principi mdgomare­
obs SemdegSi: ufleba iZulebiT CamorTmevis eZleva am kanon-proeqtiT
saerobo da saqalaqo TviTmmarTvelobasac, Tu magaliTad, erobas an
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas dasWirdeba im movaleobis asasruleblad,
rogorc mas awevs kanoniT, magaliTad, saxalxo saWiroebisaTvis _
skolebis gasamarTavad, saavadmyofoebis gasamarTavad da sxva amisTa­
na, mas ufleba aqvs, esa Tu is Senoba iZulebiT CamoarTvas patrons.
rac Seexeba safasuris gansazRvras sasamarTlos wesiT, komisiis
azriT, es unda darCes _ mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca es qoneba Cam­
orTmeuli unda iqnes an kerZo pirebisTvis, an kerZo kompaniisTvis,
romelsac ganzraxva aqvs moagvaros da moawyos saxelmwifoebrivi Tu
sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelovanis saqme, magaliTad, rkinis gza. Tqven
iciT zogi rkinis gzebi gayvanili aris ruseTSiac da CvenSiac kerZo
kompaniebis mier. aseT SemTxvevebSi komisia stovebs sasamarTlo wess.
rac Seexeba imas, roca uZravi qoneba unda CamoerTvas erobis an qa­
laqis TviTmmarTvelobis saWiroebisTvis, am SemTxvevaSi ufro mar­
tiv princips iReben. principi amnairia: iReben ukanasknel Sefasebas,
romelic moxda saqalaqo da saerobo gadasaxadebis gadasawerad da
amis mixedviT sazRvraven safasurs. Tu, magaliTad, romelime Senobaa
TbilisSi, romelic unda CamovarTvaT, dafasebuli aris 20.000 man.
da namdvilad ki dRevandel pirobebis mixedviT, Rirs, vsTqvaT, erTi
mil. man., maSin mainc am ukanasknel dafasebiT ganisazRvreba raodeno­
ba misacemi safasurisa. aq aris mxolod Semotanili koleqtivi, rom
ar moxdes didi usamarTloba. am SemTxvevaSi, ufleba aqvs kerZo mesa­
kuTres, saxlis Tu adgilis patrons, ufleba aqvs mosTxovos adgilo­
briv TiTmmarTvelobas, rom man misi qoneba xelaxlad Seafasos; imas
Seafasebs eroba, Tu iqneba qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, Tavis agentebis

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SemweobiT, Tu ra fasi gamoirkveva, miscemen imden safasurs. rasak­
virvelia, es ufleba eZleva kerZo mesakuTres mxolod Semdeg morig
dafasebamde. dRevandeli dafaseba metad mciredi iyo, es iyo imitom,
rom memamuleebi, romelTa xelSi iyo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba,
scdilobda rac SeiZleba naklenad daefasebina Tavisi uZravi qoneba.
maSasadame aq safuZvlad iqneba aRebuli dafaseba moxdenili saerobo
da samoqalaqo dawesebulebebis mier. magram aq SeiZleba iqnes iseTi
SemTxveva, rom sasamarTlos Careva mainc saWiro iqnes, magaliTad,
kerZo patrons arTmeven ara mTel qonebas, romelic mas aqvs da rome­
lic aris Sefasebuli, aramed SeiZleba CamoarTvan nawili. magaliTad
quCa aris gasayvani da imas CamoerTmeva ramdenime saJeni, maSin Sesa­
Zlebelia moxdes, rom is nawili, romelic darCeba patrons, SesaZle­
belia im nawilma sruliad dakargos fasi an didi zarali mouvides
amis gamo patrons. radganac SesaZlebelia moxdes is, rom qalaqma,
erobam daafasos da gansazRvros is zarali, romelic patrons mou­
vida, calmxrivad, amitom aseT SemTxvevaSi komisiam miiRo is wesi,
rom Tu ukmayofilod darCa qonebis patroni, ufleba aqvs gadasces
sasamarTlos da sasamarTlo gansazRvravs zarals. ai umTavresi prin­
cipebi, romelzedac aSenebulia es kanon-proeqti. es gaxlavT kvintes­
encia am kanon-proeqtisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n.-d.) batonebo! Cven didi siamovnebiT vegebebiT
kanon-proeqts, radganac kanon-proeqts miznad aqvs bolo mouRos
yovelgvar TviTnebobas kerZo sakuTrebis sferoSi. kerZo sakuTreba,
rogorc mogexsenebaT, aris safuZveli pirovnul Tavisuflebisa (xma:
visi?) Tavisufleba SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, rodesac aris gan­
mtkicebuli kerZo sakuTreba. jer-jerobiT mainc istoriam ar icis,
rom yofiliyos sadme Tavisufleba, sadac kerZo sakuTreba ar aris
(xmauroba. Tavmjdomaris zari. ar ismis). maSin, rodesac xalxi velu­
ri iyo, maSin, SesaZlebelia kerZo sakuTrebac ar iyo, magram TviTon
kulturac ar iyo. yovel konstituciam, yovelma demokratiulma kon­
stituciam principi kerZo sakuTrebisa aRiara, rogorc umTavresi
safuZveli sazogadoebriv cxovrebisa.
rasakvirvelia, saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebisTvis xSir da saWiro
aris, rom saxelmwifos hqondes ufleba CamoarTvas esa Tu is uZravi
qoneba, magram mxolod maSin da mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac amas
moiTxovs saxelmwifoebrivi an sazogadoebrivi interesi. amitom,
rom ar moxdes am sferoSi raime TviTneboba, aqac saWiro aris, rom
es gamonaklisi sazogado principidan kargad iyos Camoyalibebuli.
rom, rogorc sTqva momxseneblma, forma da pirobebi qonebis iZulebi­
Ti CamorTmevisa rac SeiZleba gansazRvruli da kargad gatarebuli
iyos kanonSi. es aucilebeli aris. uamisod isev iqneba TviTneboba.
amnairad, rogorc mogaxseneT, Cven didi siamovnebiT vegebebiT
kanon-proeqts, magram ar veTanxmebiT swored am formis da pirobebis

292
gansazRvraSi. Tavdapirvelad vis unda miendos gardawyveta TviT
sakiTxis: aris Tu ara ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebrivi an saxelm­
wioebrivi interesi? momxsenebeli ambobs, rom es ufleba eZleva mTav­
robas erTis mxriv da meores mxriv, adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas.
me ver veTanxmebi savsebiT verc pirvel princips, verc meores. Tu mar­
to mTavrobas eqneba ufleba mamulebis CamorTmevisa, es imas niSnavs,
rom mTavrobas eZleva ufleba gadaswyvitos _ aris Tu ara saxelmwi­
foebrivi, an sazogadoebrivi interesi.
Tu principi kerZo sakuTrebisa aris sakonstitucio debuleba,
me mgonia, Secvla an Sesworeba am debulebisa unda Seexebodes isev
iseT organos, romelic aRWurvilia sakanonmdelo funqciebiT, e.i.
isev damfuZnebel krebas an parlaments. Tu kerZo sakuTrebis prin­
cipi sakonstitucio principi aris, SeuZlebelia marto mTavrobas
mivceT ufleba am principis gadalaxvisa. aq marto mTavrobis Sexed­
ulebiT warmoeba saqmisa SeuZlebelia. amitom yvela amisTana sakiTxi
gamorkveuli unda iyos yovel mxriv da Semdeg dasmuli kanonmdebe­
li organos winaSe. mTavrobas, rasakvirvelia, iniciativis ufle­
ba aqvs, ufleba aqcs Semoitanos kanon-proeqti, an dekreti, magram
ganxilva TviT sakiTxisa, ramdenad amas moiTxovs saxelmwifoebrivi
an sazogadoebrivi interesi, unda miekuTvnos damfuZnebel krebas
an parlaments.
me axali, rasakvirvelia, araferi ar Semomaqvs, yvelgan agrea es
saqme mowyobili, TviT ruseTSi am sakiTxs swyvetda kanonmdeblobi­
Ti Zala, bolos da bolos mefe. (xma: nikolozi?) mefe, _ nikolozi Tu
petre sul erTi aris?! sxvagan yvelgan, _ safrangeTSi, inglisSi, _
saWiro aris dekreti kanonmdeblobiTi. (xma: yvela SemTxevvaSi?) aris
gamonaklisebi. Tu sxvagan es aris miRebuli, Cven risTvis unda auxvi­
oT gverdi? amitom me mgonia, roca winaddeba exeba ZiriTad konsti­
tucionur kiTxvas, saTanado dasturi unda misces kanonmdeblobiTi
organom. ese igi mTavroba unda Semovides Tavis winadadebiT da Cven­
gan miiRos dasturi da ndoba.
es erTi.
meore. _ rac Seexeba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas, TviT kanon-­
proeqtSi naTqvami aris: es CamorTmeva unda moxdes im farglebSi, da
im movaleobis asrulebisTvis, romelic dakisrebuli aqvs TviTmmarT­
velobebs. maSasadame, sakiTxi dgeba wminda iuridiulad: kanonieri
aris es gadawyvetileba Tu ara kanonieri? gadascilda adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTveloba xazs, romelic dadgenilia kanoniT Tu ara? am mxriv
marto TviTmmarTvelobas, rom mivandoT es saqme, me mgonia es ar iqneba
mizanSewonili. am mxriv centralur mTavrobas unda hqondes erTnai­
ri kontrolis ufleba, magaliTad, SeiZleba centralur mTavrobas
misceT ufleba SeaCeros esa Tu is dadgenileba adgilobriv TviTm­
marTvelobisa Tu is gadascilda kanons, an ar Seefereba sazogadoe­
briv mizans, saxelmwifoebriv xasiaTs. es aris Taviseburi kontroli

293
ara mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb, aramed, kanonierobis Sesaxeb. es iu­
ridiulad sruliad misaRebia, da yvelgan miRebuli aris. rasakvirve­
lia, centralur mTavrobas unda hqondes es ufleba. Cven Zalian gava­
farToveT adgilobriv TviTmmarTveloba, da gavafarToveT yvelgan,
ise, rom TiTqmis saxelmwifo aRar aris, magram bevria patar-patara
saxelmwifoebi, es miRebulia. Cven unda gvqondes iseTi centraluri
organo, centraluri mTavroba, romelic Tvalyurs adevnebs kanonis
asrulebas da Tu adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da qalaqi, an eroba
gadascda kanons, da misi moqmedeba an dadgenileba ar aris misaRebi
sazogadoebriv an saxelmwifoebriv TvalsazrisiT, rasakvirvelia
centralur mTavrobas, romelic pasuxismgebelia Cvens winaSe, neba
unda hqondes Tvalyuri adevnos amisTana moqmedebas da Caayenos es mo­
qmedeba kanonier kalapotSi.
ai ori mosazreba, ori Sesworeba, romelic me mimaCnia saWirod,
rom SevitanoT am kanon-proeqtSi. erTi isaaa, rom adgilobriv TviT­
mmarTvelobas am sakiTxis Sesaxeb Tvalyurs adevnebs Cveni central­
uri mTavroba, mTavrobas neba eZleva, roca dainaxavs, rom esa Tu is
moqmedeba, esa Tu is dadgenileba ukanonoa da ar aris misaRebi saxel­
mwifoebrivi TvalsazrisiT, maSin Seayenos dadgenilebis sisruleSi
moyvana. es aucileblad saWiroa. meore is, rom TviTon mTavrobas,
ufleba ki ar eZleva mamulebis CamorTmevisa, es ufleba eZleva maSin,
rodesac miiRebs parlamentisagan, damfuZnebel krebisagan dasturs.
garda amisa didi nakli aqvs am kanon-proeqts erTis mxriv:
araferi ar aris naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, rom aris Tu ara saWiro winas­
wari gamokvleva? Sesaxeb amisa kanon-proeqtSi araferi aris naTqva­
mi. saWiroa, rom iTqvas kanonSi, rom aucileblad saWiroa winaswari
yovelmxrivi sakiTxis gamokvleva. Torem Tqven kargad iciT, rom bev­
ri sakiTxi mxolod xelis aweviT swydeba xolme, amitom saWiro aris
TviT kanonSi iyos naTqvami, rom gamgeobisTvis da mTavrobisTvis
savaldebuloa, rom winaswari gamokvleva iyos. am mxriv migiTiTebT
imazed, rom safrangeTSi, magaliTad, hxdeba es gamokvleva winaswar
gamoZiebiT, mowmeebis dakiTxviT, eqspertebis daskvniT, adgilobriv
mcxovreblebis monawileobiT da sxv. mere es namuSevari midis minis­
trTan, ministri mere imuSavebs moxsenebas da moxseneba Seaqvs paral­
amentSi. ise, rom winaswari muSaoba aqac unda iyos, adgilobriv, da
iqac, centrSi. es ueWvelad aRniSnuli unda iyos kanonSi. mexuTe Tu
meeqvse muxliT es ufleba eZleva kerZo pirebs maSin, rodesac ker­
Zo piri Txoulobs koncesias. magram es miuRebeli aris. kerZo piri
dainteresebuli aris Tavis saqmeSi, Tu is rame gamokvlevas moaxdens.
moaxdens imisTana gamokvlevas, romelic misTvis sasargeblo iqneba,
saqmes ise gamoiklevs, ise gaaSuqebs, rogorc misTvis iqneba saWiro.
amisTana gamokvleviT dainteresebuli kerZo piri ufro SecdomaSi
Seiyvans mTavrobas, ara kerZo pirs, aramed TiTon saxelmwifos, adg­
ilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas da mTavrobas unda evalebodes amisTana

294
sakiTxis winaswari gamokvleva da es muxli unda iyos Setanili kan­
onSi. rac Seexeba dafasebas, rasakvirvelia, princips Cven viziarebT
da es aucileblad misaRebia yoveli saxelmwifosTvis. zarali unda
anazRaurdes, Rirebuleba an safasuri CamorTmeuli mamulebisa unda
gadaeces mis patrons. es, rasakvirvelia, eWvs gareSe aris.
mosawoni aris am mxriv is, rom sasamarTlos didi adgili uWiravs
am kanon-proeqtSi, aqamdin ruseTSi sasamarTlo sul ar Rebulobda
monawileobas. sasamarTlo aris dawesebuleba, sadac yvelas SeuZlian
daamtkicos samarTliani Rirebuleba, Tavis qonebisa da moiTxovos
sruli dakmayofileba. TviTnebobas adgili ar eqneba. mxolod ar aris
mosawoni, rom aqac orad aris gayofili sakiTxi. erTis mxriv aris
miRebul saxeSi mTavroba da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba. mTavro­
bas da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas eZleva gansakuTrebuli ufle­
ba da upiratesoba da rodesac kerZo piri aris dainteresebuli, maSin
sxvanairi wesi aris miRebuli. mTavrobas da adgilobriv TviTmmarT­
velobas neba eZleva gadaixadon, rogorc safasuri is dafaseba, rome­
lic aris ukanaskneli gadasaxadis gasawevaT naCvenebi, mxolod kerZo
pirs eZleva, Tu kmayofili ar aris, sasamarTlos mimarTos. me mgonia
es ar aris misaRebi, me mgonia unda miviRoT erTi principi yvelasTvis.
es principi aris, sasamarTlos wesiT gadawyveta im fulis raodeno­
bisa, romelic ergeba kerZo pirs. es yvelasTvis misaRebia, es ufro
aZlierebs samarTlianobis Segnebas da mTavrobisaTvis sazaralo aq
araferi ar aris. me mgonia gansakuTrebul pirobebSi rom CavayenoT
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba da mTavroba kargi ar aris, amas saW­
iroeba ar moiTxovs da cud STabeWdilebas axdens.
marTalia kanoni ar aris, rogorc gamonaklisi, rom ori an sami
Tvis ganmavlobaSi moqalaqes aqvs ufleba, rom xelaxlad dafaseba
moiTxovs, magram es iseTi zigzagebia, romelic ar aris saWiro. saxel­
mwifom ar unda mimarTos amisTana xerxebs. es kerZo pirebis kinklaoba
ki ar aris, es aris kanondebloba, romlis winaSe, Tanaswori unda iyos
yvela, mxolod maSin rodesac an kerZo pirs, an amxanagobas, an kompan­
ias unda raime koncesia da amisTvis saWiro aris CamorTmeva mamuli­
sa, mxolod maSin saqme Tavidanve gadadis sasamarTloSi. es marTla
Zalian kargia, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos sakiTxi da daafasos
qoneba; mxolod es Seexeba kompanias da kerZo pirs, rac Seexeba mTavro­
bas da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas, imaT ufleba eZlevaT pirda­
pir daiWiron uZravi qoneba da gadawyviton safasuris raodenoba.
mesakuTres ki ufleba eZleva mimarTos sasamarTlos, Tu kmayofli
ar aris. aq principi Tanasworobisa ar aris bolomdis gatarebuli,
yvelas eWvi ebadeba, rom TiTqo mTavrobas saxeSi aqvs viRaca saqmeSi
CaiWiros da muqTad qoneba CamoarTvas. raT unda mivceT sabuTi va­
laparakoT Cveni mtrebi? Tu erTxel davadeqiT mSvidobian kanonier
gzas, wesierebis damyarebisTvis saWiroa sasamarTlos gadavceT yove­
li sadao sakiTxis gadawyveta. es unda miviRoT da gavataroT bolom­

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dis. ai is sazogado mosazrebani, romlisTvisac me mindoda mimeqcia
Tqveni yuradReba.
ivane gobeCia. (soc.-rev.) rodesac erovnul-demokratebis warmo­
madgeneli gamovida da ganacxada am tribunidan: „didi sixaruliT
vegebebi im princips, romelic miRebulia kanon-proeqtSio“, me mego­
na, rom marTla Seaqebda kanon-proeqts da winaaRmdegobas ar gamosTq­
vamda. Semdeg, rogorc gamoCnda arc erTi muxli ar yofila misaRebi
da yoveli muxlis Secvla surs. man ganacxada, rom kerZo sakuTreba
sinonimia Tavisuflebisao. (gvazava: safuZveli!) umTavresi safuZve­
lia Tavisuflebisao da sxva. Cven gvgonia, rom kerZo sakuTreba aris
sinonimi monobisa, Cagvrisa. es kerZo sakuTreba unda moispos da ma­
Sin iqneba ganmtkiceba Zmobisa, erTobisa da Tavisuflebisa, romel­
sac viTomda emsaxureba erovnuli demokratia, rogorc am tribuni­
dan acxadeben xolme (gvazava: sad aris eg, romel qveyanaSi, romel
saxelmwifoSi?) magram me mainc megona, rom batoni gvazava miiRebda
mxedvelobaSi imas, rom ruseTis revoliuciam am sferoSi didad Sea­
ryia xalxis psixologia, _ is, rac moulodneli iqneboda Zvel weswyo­
bilebis dros, exla revoliuciam gadaaqcia sinamdvileT. rodesac
miwas arTmevdnen kerZo mesakuTreT, batoni gvazava acxadebda, rom
is mxars uWers am reformas, miwis CamorTmevas, magram Tu b. gvaza­
vas winadac hqonda Segnebuli da SeTvisebuli, rom kerZo sakuTreba
aris safuZveli Tavisuflebisa, ratom ar icavda is maSin kerZo mesa­
kuTreebs. kerZo mesakuTres hqonda ufleba winaT ara Tu 7 desetin­
is SeZenisa, aramed imdenisa, ramdenic maT surdaT. exla es ufleba
SeekvecaT. (xma marjvenidan: sazRvari unda hqondes!) es revoliuci­
am Sescvala, revoliuciam kerZo sakuTrebis princips didi laxvari
Casca, Tu gnebavT Cven saqarTveloSi, ise, rom am monapovriT vsarge­
blobT Cven da visargeblebT kidec, da me mgonia, rom qalaqebisaTvis
da soflebisaTvis es ufleba unda davakanonoT.
Tu kerZo pirebisagan saWiro iyo, rom CamogverTmia miwebi exla
xalxis sasargeblod unda gadavceT es miwebi.
warmoidgineT, rodesac saxelmwifos Tavisi saWiroeba aqvs, rome­
lime TviTmmarTvelobas, qalaqs an erobas, nuTu saxelmwifo saWiroe­
bisTvis ar unda gaiRos es msxverpli romelime mesakuTrem? SesaZle­
belia es ar surdes romelime kerZo pirs, mesakuTres es ar surdes,
magram saxelmwifom unda gaaRebinos da amis ufleba misca demokra­
tias, respublikas, revoliuciam. (xma marjvnidan: revoliucia Cven­
gan iyo!) am mxriv SesaZlebelia, rom kerZo mesakuTris interesi iCa­
grebodes, magram aq igebs saxelmwifo, igebs sazogadoeba da me mgonia,
rom yvelam unda dauTmos saxelmwifos da sazogadoebriv interesebs.
am TvalsazrisiT is principi, romelic aRiarebulia am kanon-pro­
eqtSi savsebiT misaRebia.
Semdeg aq ganacxades, rom bolos da bolos gadawyveta sakiTxisa,
Tu vis unda CamoerTvas kerZo sakuTreba, uZravi qoneba, unda mivan­

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doT Cven sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebas, parlaments an damfuZneb­
el krebaso. swored am sakiTxis gadawyveta SeuZlian parlaments, an
damfuZnebel krebas. amitomac Semovida aq es kanon-proeqti, magram
damfuZnebel krebas SeuZlian am uflebis ganxorcieleba miandos mis
mier arCeul mTavrobas, an da demokratiul TviTmmarTvelobas, ro­
goric arian erobebi da qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobebi.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, qalaqebSi iseTi wesiT irCeven sabWoebs da
mazrebis erobebs, iseTive 4 formulian wesiT, rogorc irCeven Cven
dawesebulebas, _ damfuZnebel krebas da parlaments. me mgonia, zed­
metia laparaki, rom ndobis Rirsi aris is dawesebuleba, Tu gind sen­
akis mazris eroba, saidanav b. gvazava aris, radganac iq mTeli senakis
mazris moqalaqeebma airCies is organo, yvelas saSualeba hqonda Tav­
isi neba-survili gamoexataT im arCevnebSi, romelic moxda da Cven ar
SegviZlian amas angariSi ar gauwioT da ndobis TvaliT ar SevxedoT am
dawesebulebebs, erobebs. Tu ki senakis mazris arCeul deputats Seu­
Zlian gadawyviton aq Seadgens Tu ara saxelmwifoebriv-sazogadoe­
briv saWiroebas ama Tu im mamulis CamorTmeva, Cven unda vsTqvaT, rom
senakis samazro erobasac SeuZlian daafasos ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi, _
Seadgens Tu ara es uZravi qoneba saxelmwifoebriv, sazogadoebriv saW­
iroebis sagans, an da moiTxovs Tu ara senakis mazris sazogadoebrivi
interesi ama Tu im uZrav qonebis CamorTmevas, an droebiT dakavebas.
da es ufleba Cven unda mivaniWoT imas, da es ufleba unda iqnas
aRiarebuli principad damfuZnebel krebaSi.
ese aris swored dekretSiac.
rac Seexeba safasurs, am SemTxvevaSiac ar aris marTli b. gvazava,
imitom rom, Tu kerZo romelime mrewveli, an vaWari, kapitalisti, Tu
is sazogadoebriv mniSvnelobis saqmis warmoebas Seudgeba, rasakvir­
velia, sazogadoebisaTvis mas sargebloba moaqvs. magram, me mgonia,
Tavis jibesac did sargeblobas moutans, radganac Cemis fiqriT, is
emsaxureba Tavis Tavs, da samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom Tavisufali
SeTanxmeba moxdes uZrav qonebis mesakuTreTa Soris. da im pirTa So­
ris, romelTaTvis gsurT CamoarTvaT es qoneba. es samarTliani prin­
cipi aris. magram, rac Seexeba saxelmwifos an sazogadoebas, me mgonia,
rom am SemTxvevaSi am principiT ver vixelmZRvanelebT, radganac Cven
viciT, rom Tu saxelmwifo scnobs, rom es uZravi qoneba saWiro aris
mTel saxelmwifosTvis, iseT saqmisTvis, romelsac sargebloba moaqvs
mTel saxelmwifosTvis, agreTve, Tu romelime eroba an qalaqis TviTm­
marTveloba gadaswyvets, rom es uZravi qoneba unda CamoerTvas, sazo­
gadoebriv saWiroebisTvis, maSin samarTlianoba moiTxovs sul sxva
principis miRebas.
Cemis azriT, kerZo mesakuTres Cven ver CavayenebT saxelmwifosTan
Tanabar pirobebSi, radaganac kerZo mesakuTres eqneba damokidebule­
ba kerZo pirTan uZrav qonebis CamorTmevis dros, da ara saxelmwifos­
Tan. me mgonia, Cven ise ver vimsjelebT, rogorc am SemTxvevaSi b-ni

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gvazava msjelobs, Torem im miwis patronebs, romlebsac miwa normis
zemoT CamovarTviT exla mazrebSi, imaTac unda mivceT sasyideli. ma­
gram ase ar ineba xalxma. SesaZlebelia Tqven es ar mogwonT, magram,
(xma: ineba!) dia, diax, ase ineba xalxma, rom memamuleebs ufasoT Camo­
varTvaT miwa da am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba movTxovoT erTgvari msx­
verpli imaT, visac Tavis ofliT SeZenili ara aqvs uZravi qoneba.
did-didi saxlebi mSromelis xalxis mier aris agebuli, aris Se­
degi mTel xalxis Sromisa. da Tu Cven es mamulebi usasyidloT Camo­
varTviT, amiT xalxis interesi iCagreba Tu ara? me mgonia ar iCagreba.
da is gamonaklisi, romelzedac mogaxsenaT momxsenebelma, am kanonSi
aris. Tu ki vismes ar moswons, rom mieces esa Tu is safasuri, maSin
unda gamoacxados, moiTxovos samarTliani Sefaseba, da Tqven miscemT
im fass, romlis mixedviT is valdebuli iqneba gadixados saxelmwifo,
an qalaqis, an saerobo gadasaxadi.
Tqven warmoidgineT exla, rom 20-30 wlis ganmavlobaSi romelime
moqalaqe ixdis gadasaxads, ara imisdamixedviT, rac Rirs qoneba, ar­
amed imisdamixedviT, Tu ramdenic mas surs. warmoidgineT, am SemTx­
vevaSi vin isjeba? isjeba saxelmwifo, isjeba qalaqi, mazra.
ai me mgonia is, vinc marTla emsaxurebs saxelmwifos, sazogadoe­
bas, is moiTxovs, rom moqalaqem aCvenos namdvili fasi Tavis uZrav
qonebisa, rom man marTlac Seafasos, ramdenad Rirs misi mamuli. SiSi,
rom am kanonis miRebis Semdeg yvela qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba, eroba
Seudgeba yvela kargi mamulis CamorTmevas sruliaT usafuZvloa. me
mgonia, rom amis saSualeba arc eqnebaT erobebs da aseTs rames arc
Caidenen demokratiuli TviTmmarTvelobani. Cveni fraqciis azriT, es
kanon-proeqti mcireoden SesworebebiT unda iqnes miRebuli.
Tavmjdomare. krebis wevri rusia.
meliton rusia. (s.-d.) batonebo! me mokled mogaxsenebT. ramde­
nadac Cven am kanons vecnobiT, ukvirdebiT im debulebas, romelze­
dac is aris aSenebuli da romelic mas safuZvlad udevs, _ Znelia am
debulebis winaaRmdeg ramis Tqma. me ver mouswari pirvel naxevars
b. gvazavas sityvas, magram, me mgonia, isic ar aris winaaRmdegi im
debulebisa, romelic am kanons uZevs safuZlad. (gvazava: ara!) pirve­
li debuleba _ SeiZleba Tu ara kerZo sakuTrebas SevexoT? amas TviT­
mpyrobelobac exeboda, roca amas moiTxovda saxelmwifos, an sazoga­
do interesi. TviTmpyrobeloba maSinac arTmevda kerZo sakuTrebas,
rasakvirvelia, safasuriT. amis winaaRmdeg aravis arafris Tqma ar
SuZlian, arc memarjveneebs.
meore debuleba _ vis aqvs ufleba CamorTmevisa? me mgonia, rom is
azri, romelic kanonSi gatarebulia, rom es ufleba aqvs mTavrobas,
erobas, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, _ es azrebi misaRebi aris. mTav­
robas ufleba CamorTmevisa yovel saxelmwifoSi yovelTvis hqonda.
maSin, SeiZleba, laparaki aris imaze mivaniWoT Tu ara Cven kanonmde­
blobiTi gziT aseTi ufleba TviTmmarTvelobas, ese igi erobas, yri­

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lobas da qalaqis sabWoebs? me gonia, rom aseTi uflebis micema, aseTi
uflebis miniWeba yrilobisTvis mizanSewonili da samarTliani aris
es meore debuleba.
mesame _ ra miznisTvis SeiZleba CamorTmeva? mTavrobas, kanonis
ZaliT, yovelTvis SeuZlian CamorTmeva, rodesac amas moiTxovs sazo­
gadoebrivi, an saxelmwifoebrivi interesi. Tu saWiroeba aris sazo­
gadoebrivi an saxelmwifoebrivi, _ mTavrobas ufleba aqvs iZulebiT
CamoarTvas uZravi qoneba, magram, rac Seexeba TviTmmarTvelobas, amas
xazs usvam, am SemTxvevaSi erobas da qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas aqvs
ufleba iZulebiT CamoarTvas mxolod maSin, rodesac es uZravi qone­
ba warmoadgens saWiroebas im saqmisTvis, romelic am kanonma daava­
la. eseTi SezRudva mTavrobas ara aqvs. es niSnavs imas, rom is saqme,
romelsac anxorcielebs TviTmmarTveloba, ar aris kanonis ZaliT
davalebuli im TviTmmarTvelobaze, _ ese igi sTxovs mTavrobas, rom
es uZravi qoneba am saqmisTvis CamoerTvas. da Tu es saqme Seadgens im
movaleobas, romelsac kanoni aiZulebs, samoqalaqo an saerobo dawe­
sebuleba, maSin aqvs ufleba, rom CamoarTvas. ai mesame debuleba.
me mgonia, amis winaamdeg laparaki ar SeiZleba. darCa marto
meoTxe debuleba, romelzedac aq laparaki aris. es gaxlavT safasuri.
me mgonia, rom Sedareba am or SemTxvevisa, _ rodesac uZravi
qoneba saWiroa romelime koncesionerisTvis, Tundac saerTo sazo­
gadoebrivi interesi moiTxovs amas, da rodesac es uZravi qoneba saW­
iro aris saxelmwifosTvis, aseT Sedarebas arc Cveni memarjveneebi
gaatareben. (gvazava: dafaseba?) diax, dafaseba. rodesac batonebo,
uZravi qoneba warmoadgens saWiroebas saxelmwifosTvis, da Cven nu
dagvaviwydeba, rom TviTmmarTveloba igive saxelmwifoebrivi orga­
no aris, da misi interesi igive saxelmwifo interesi aris, am SemTx­
evevaSi mTavrobas, Tu TviTmmarTvelobas sruli ufleba aqvs Ca­
moarTvas, da safasuri ki gansazRvros sasamarTlos dawesebulebam.
magram, im SemTxevevaSi, rodesac uZravi qoneba aris saWiro Tundac
sazogadoebriv mniSvnelobis saqmisTvis, magram am saqmes saTaveSi
udga kerZo piri, maSin samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom am SemTxeveva­
Si iyos gansxvaveba. da am meore SemTxvevis dros Cven am kanon-proeq­
tis ZaliT vagzavniT saqmes sasamarTloSi. dee, sasamarTlom, Tavis
eqspertebis da mcodne pirebis saSualebiT, daafasos sul ra Rirs
esa Tu is qoneba.
rasakvirvelia, es koncesionerebi Tavis jibisaTvisac moigeben,
amitom iqneba usamarTloba, rom erT kerZo mesakuTres CamovarT­
vaT adgili da meore kerZo mesakuTre gavamdidroT. es uasamarTlo­
ba iqneboda da amitom Cven am SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebas vtovebT da
kanon-proeqti swored amas adgia.
amitom, me mgonia, b. gvazavas azri, rom _ Tu saWiroeba aris maSin
sasamarTloSi wadio, _ es yovlad miuRebelia. (gvazava: samarTliani
aris!) arc mizanSewonili aris da arc samarTlianoba moiTxovs amas.

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 garda amisa, saxelmwifos Zalian xSirad iseTi mizani aqvs, rom
iman Tu ucada, rodis gaarCevs saqmes sxva da sxva instancia, _ es praq­
tikulad yovlad miuRebeli iqneba. amisTvis aris, rom saxelmwifo
saWiroebisTvis, rodesac mTeli saxelmwifo, respublika dainterese­
buli aris, SeiZleba mTavrobam eseTi SefasebiT CamoarTvas.
aq amboben, usamarTloba iqneba, rom ukanasknel Sefasebis mixed­
viT CamovarTvaT Cven uZravi qonebao. batonebo, Tu Tqven mesakuTre
brZandebiT, gaqvT mamuli, afasebT ise, rom namdvil fass malavT
gadaxdis dros, Tqveni mamuli Rirs 100.000 maneTi da Tqven eubnebiT
mTavrobas 10.000 maneTs, _ ai, Tu saxelmwifos, TviTmmarTvelobas,
mTavrobas amas umalavT, ai es aris swored WeSmaritebis, samarTlia­
nobis darRveva. Tqven unda daafasoT mamulis namdvili Rirebuleba.
Tu is 100.000 maneTi Rirs, ratom ambobT, rom Rirs 10.000 maneTi da
amaze iTvliT gadasaxads? ai es aris darRveva samarTlianobisa da ara
is, rodesac saxelmwifo Rebulobs, rom ukanasknel SefasebiT unda
iyos CamorTmeuli uZravi qoneba. magram Cven, rom marto ase gvesmis
usamarTloba, ai swored amitom Cven kanon-proeqtSi aris naTqvami,
rom yvela mesakuTres SeuZlian moiTxovos vada, gansazRvruli vada,
rasakvirvelia. uvadod ar SeiZleba. ar SegviZlian ucadoT wlobiT,
sanamdis mesakuTre inebebs da ityvis namdvil fass Tavis qonebisas.
kanon-proeqtis ZaliT, gansazRvrul vadaSi yvela mesakuTres Seu­
Zlian sTqvas, rom misi qoneba Rirs ara 10.000 aramed 100.000 maneTi
da moiTxovs axal axal Sefasebas. amaze meti moTxovna me ar mesmis.
da Tu kidev mainc umalavs saxelmwifos, umalavs TviTmmarTvelobas
Tavis qonebis namdvil Rirebulebas da amiT amcirebs gadasaxads, ro­
melic unda iyos Setanili xazinaSi da TviTmmarTvelobis kasaSi, ma­
Sin nuras ukacravad, TiTon yofila damnaSave. amitom vambob, rom es 4
debuleba kanonisa sruliad misaRebia, radganac aris mizanSewonili
da damyarebuli WeSmaritebaze da samarTlianobaze. amitom es kanoni
misaRebi aris da iuridiuli komisia sTxovs damfuZnebel krebas
miiRos es kanon-proeqti.
rodesac gadavalT muxlobriv ganxilvaze, Cven SegviZlian esa Tu
is muxli SevcvaloT. Tu, magaliTad, baton gvazavas vada ori Tvisa
ecotaveba, SeiZleba es vada ganvagrZoT, vsTqvaT erTi wlis vadiT.
SeiZleba yvela mesakuTres mieces ufleba moiTxovos saxelmwifos da
TviTmmarTvelobis winaSe misi mamulis xelaxlad Sefaseba. maSin xom
ar iqneba is usamarTloba, romelsac ukiJineben am kanon-proeqts. Tu
es kaci Seafasebs Tavis qonebas axlad da imis mamuls mTavroba Ca­
moarTmevs, _ iqneba es usamarTloba Tu ara?
Tedo Rlonti (s.-f.) moqalaqeno! es sakiTxi mWidros aris dakav­
Sirebuli im mTavar ZiriTad agrarul sakiTxTan, romelic Cven saqa­
rTvelos parlamentSi miviReT (kedia, adgilidan: sruliad ar aris
dakavSirebuli!) unda mogaxsenoT. aq savsebiT ar aris daculi im sa­
kuTrebis principi, romelzedac aq baton gvazavas mier ukve movis­

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mineT. es aris kerZo mesakuTreebis, gansakuTrebiT wvrili kerZo me­
sakuTreebis interesebis dacva, xelSeuxebloba. es principi maSin iyo
daculi, es principi am Jamadac aris daculi. rodesac mTavari Zir­
iTadi miwis kanoni iqna SemuSavebuli, maSin Cveni fraqcia ambobda,
rom Cvens winaSe aris obieqtad saqarTvelos sameurneo teritoria. am
sameurneo teritoriaze unda iqnes agebuli axali meurneoba sruli­
ad gansxvavebuli winad arsebul kerZo sakuTrebisagan. Cven maSin war­
movadgineT ZiriTadi debuleba, socializaciis kanoni. es kanoni maSin
ar gavida, magram meurneobis mobilizacia, meurneobis sitemis Secvla
Cven mainc movaxdineT am kanonis gatarebiT. am kanonis Semdeg saqarT­
velos winaSe aris wvrili sameurneo erTeulebi, Tu iyo winad da dar­
Ca msxvili miwadmflobelobis meurneoba, am Jamad aseTi kerZo pire­
bis msxvili meurneoba aRar arsebobs. dRes Cven winaSe aris wvrili
sameurneo erTeulebi, romlebsac aqvT erTgvari kulturuli xasiaTi.
maSasadame, am ekonomiur cvlilebis Semdeg damokidebuleba yovelg­
var politikur jgufebisa am axal sameurneo erTeulebisadmi ueWve­
lad iqneba Secvlili. Cven ar SegviZlian imave sazomiT miudgeT msxvil
feodalur miwis mflobelobas, vidre miudgebiT wvril sameurneo er­
Teulebis sagans. Cven maSinve vicavdiT, rom socialistur gardamaval
xanaSi, revoliuciis perturbaciis procesSi, yovlad SeuZlebelia
erTbaSad gaqres wvrili sameurneo erTeuli, rom es wvrili sameurneo
erTeuli revoliuciis procesSi darCeba da bunebrivad es Cven dauka­
vSireT am erTi meores (xmauroba. saxlebi CamovarTvaT...) mogaxsenebT,
ueWvelad amazedac gveqneba laparaki, _ an savsebiT daukavSirebT erT­
maneTs, an da moxdeba is mobilizacia, romelic Seegueba am socialis­
tur meurneobisagan gardamaval xanas (xmauroba) ai, ra kavSiri aqvs
exla am sakiTxis aseT dayenebas am kanon-proeqtSi.
kavSiri iseTia Tu maSin Cven vambobdiT, rom yovlad SeuZlebe­
lia davicvaT gamosyidvis principi, am patara meurneobis mimarT,
Cven vicavT maT qonebis anazRaurebis princips (xmauroba). sruliad
Zveli ambavia is, rom sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi saWiroe­
bisaTvis, saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebisaTvis
kerZo pirebs CamoerTmevaT mamulebi da sxva da sxva uZravi qoneba. es
principi ukve Zveli reJimis dros iyo gatarebuli da am mxriv Cven
sruliad axali araferi ar Segvaqvs; magram mTavari gansxvaveba ma­
Sindel da exlandel mdgomareobis Soris is gaxlavT, rom maSin us­
asyidlod latifundiis patronebs CamoerTvaT maTi qoneba da Cveni
latifundiebi movspeT usasyidloT. darCenili gvaqvs mxolod wvri­
li sameurneo erTeulebi; am Jamad Cven vaZlevT sasyidels am patara
erTeulebSi da Cveni partia mxars uWers imas, rom am wvrilmani meur­
neobis patronebi dakmayofilebulni iyvnen am wvrilmani mamulis
CamorTmevis dros.
arsad ar aris naTqvami Tu ra wesiT moxdes am erTeulebis dak­
mayofileba. warmoidgineT, rom sazogadoebas gahyavs rkinis gza da

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rkinis gzis gayvanis dros Cven varTmevT Cven mier Seqmnil wvril
mesakuTres 7 desetinidan, rom aqvs, varTmevT im naWers, romel­
ic ukargavs Rirebulebas danarCen naWers. Cven unda movaxdinoT
gamokvleva im Sefasebis mixedviT, romelic moxda ukanasknelad, Tu
ra gadasaxadi aris am mamulisa, rogorc moxda Sefaseba. am Sefasebis
mixedviT xazinac gamoikvlevs am mamuls da aunazRaurebs zarals
am miwaTmflobels. me mgonia, es ar iqneba damakmayofilebeli arc
sazogado meurneobisTvis, arc im mesakuTreebisTvis, romelTa mo­
spoba ar unda Seadgendes Cven mizans. Tu Cven vemyarebiT wvril
meurneobas da gvinda, rom am wvril meurneobis damyarebiT ganmt­
kicdes saxelmwifos mdgomareoba, maSin nuTu Tqven ar fiqrobT,
rom es Sefaseba, romelic moaxdines am ukanasknel dros, marTalia
me aseTi wvrili magaliTi momyavs, vTqvaT Sefasebul iqmna es Svidi
desetina mamuli 15.000 man. dRevandel fulis RirebulebiT, nuTu
Tqven fiqrobT, rom 15.000 maneTi, rom misceT mesakuTres es ar iqne­
ba ganadgurebuli?
amitom kargi iqneboda, rom maSin, rodesac Cven CamovarTviT
wvril kerZo mesakuTreebs sazogadoebriv da saxelmwifoebriv saW­
iroebisTvis mamuli, am SemTxvevaSi Cven agvenazRurebina am memamu­
lisTvis misi zarali ufro naturiT masalis inventaris micemiT, tyis
micemiT da sxva aseTi sasargeblo ramis, romlidanac ganadgurebuli
iqna mamuli saxelmwifos xelSi gadasvlis dros. dacva meurneobis in­
teresisa, dacva am patara, magram kulturul meurneobisa, me mgonia,
am SemTxvevaSi ufro iqneba miRweuli vidre maSin, rodesac Cveni Se­
fasebiT sruliad SeumuSavebel da sruliad SemTxveviTi SefasebiT
gavistumrebT am wvril meurneebs.
exla Tu saxelmwifo daadgeba wvril meurneobis ganmtkicebis
politikas, es politika ueWvelad unda iwvevdes aseT reaqcias, rom
aseT erTeulebisTvis micemuli iqnes miwa, miwis fondidan da anazRu­
rebuli iqnes sxva danaklisi materialur RirebulebiT da ara fu­
liT, romelsac dRes arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs. es _ rac Seexeba
wvril sameurneo erTeulebs.
magram am kanon-proeqtSi aris erTi sakiTxi, romelic exeba uZrav
qonebas, romelic aRemateba 100.000 maneTs. soflad Cven gvaqvs ueWve­
lad saqme iseT sameurneo erTeulebTan, romelTa zoma ganisazRvre­
ba 7- 15 deset. sxva ufro didi kategoriebi ara gvaqvs soflad. ma­
gram aq laparaki aris asi aTasze meti qonebis Rirebulebis qonebaze;
_ aSkaraa es exeba qalaqs. saxelmwifos, an romelime sazogadoebriv
xasiaTis dawesebulebas skola dasWirdeba, saavadmyofosTvis bina,
saxli, aseT SemTxvevaSi aseT miznisTvis saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs Ca­
moarTvas es saxelmwifoebriv da sazoagdoebriv saWiroebisaTvis. es
aqti exeba msxvil mamulebs, msxvil qonebas.
rogor aris damokidebuleba exla am saqmisadmi Cveni mTavro­
bisa da saxelmwifosi? am SemTxvevaSi Cven unda gavavloT sademak­

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aciono xazi am kanon-proeqtis da Cveni damoukideblobis Soris.
Cven rogorRac ver SeurigdiT im azrs, rom sofels da qalaqs Soris
raime gansxvaveba aRmoCndes. es gansxvaveba unda xdebodes yovelTvis
soflis sasargeblod. mogexsenebaT, rom sofelSi arc rentas aqvs
iseTi xasiaTi, rogorc qalaqSi, soflis Semosavali ufro normal­
uria vidre qalaqSi. me ar mesmis, risTvis saxelmwifo am ufro na­
kleb samarTlian Semosavals ufro lmobieraT uyurebs qalaqSi da
ufro nakleb lmobierebiT uyurebs normalur Semosavals sofelSi.
es CemTvis gaugebaria da verasodes verc erTi warmomadgeneli so­
cial-demokratiuli fraqciisa verc sityviT, verc dokumentiT amas
ver daamtkicebs. CvenTvis aSkaraa, rom qalaqSi yovelgvar uzur­
pacias meti adgili aqvs, miuxedavaT amisa am uzurpacias qalaqSi,
rogorc saxelmwifo da mTavroba, ise gavleniani jgufebi ufro
lmobierebiT uyureben vidre sofelSi. me ar vici ra aris aseTi
politikis azri, aseTi Semoqmedebis politikis azri, es azri me ar
mesmis. es sakiTxi CemTvis gamourkvevelia. am sakiTxis gamorkvevisT­
vis warmoadgineT azri da daamtkiceT. Tu ki daamtkicebT, rom qa­
laqSi, saxlebSi aRebuli renta ufro normaluria vidre sofelSi,
Tu daamtkicebs batoni arseniZe, _ mere vilaparakoT, magram Tqven
amas verasodes ver daamtkicebT. Cven 100.000 man. qonebas uyaviT
rekvizicia saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv sasargebloT. me
mogaxsenebT magaliTs rekviziciisa im memamuleebisas, romelTac
hqonda naxevari milioni maneTis Rirebuli mamuli da Cven maT dau­
toveT mxolod 7 desetina. aseTi miwaTmflobeloba Cven dautoveT
soflad. magram warmoidgineT, Tqven iseTi SemTxveva, rom TbilisSi
an sxva romelime qalaqSi erT da imave patrons aqvs aTi didi sax­
li. risTvis ar unda CamovarTvT es saxlebi swored sazogadoebriv
da saxelmwifoebriv saWiroebisaTvis? (arseniZe: SemoitaneT aseTi
dekreti da maSin iqneba laparaki!). Cven, rom dekreti SemovitanoT,
ueWvelia, amas praqtikuli mniSvneloba ar eqneba (xma: principi­
aluri?) magram Tu social-demokratebi aseT samarTlian dekrets
Semoitanen amas eqneba ueWvelaT praqtikuli mniSvneloba. Cven amas
mxars dauWerT. magram, maSin iqneba Tu ara principialurad raime
gansxvaveba imis Soris, rac Cven movaxdineT soflad da qalaqSi?
araviTari principialur gansxvavebas adgili ar eqneba. gansxvave­
ba iqneba am aqtSi, rom Cven movaxdineT soflad, radganac es ukve
movaxdineT soflad, risTvis ar axdenT qalaqSi? me vambob, rogorc
xalxis, ise yovelgvar warmoebis, yovelgvar miwis Semosavali ufro
spekuliaciuria qalaqSi, vidre latifundiebis Semosavali. es
ufro samarTliani wyaroa, aSkaraa, rom maSin ufro meti sabuTebiT
unda miudgeT am sakiTxs. amitom me vambob, rom am azrs ar gaiziarebs
damfuZnebeli kreba xelmeored.
me vfiqrob, rom es kanon-proeqti gvaZlevs imis niSans, rom am mx­
riv aris mavne tendencia. Cven ZiriTadi agraruli kanoni rom miviReT,

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Cven iq vsTqviT, rom 7 desetina iqneba xeluxlebeli. es iyo Cveni erT­
nairi dogmatika, dogmatika, romelic kerZo sakuTrebis principidan
gamomdinareobda. Cven sazogadoT maSin gasazogadoebis principi,
sazogado CamorTmevis principi davtoveT Tu ki sofeli daadgenda,
rom es miwa Cven gvinda sazogado mflobelobaSi _ aq iyo gatarebu­
li aseTi principi. magram am Jamad Tqven xedavT, rom es saWiroeba
kerZo mesakuTreebis SebRalvisa _ gaizarda. Cven vaZlevT sazoga­
doebriv organizacias, qalaqebs, erobebs am SebRalvis uflebas. ai
am mxriv, me mgonia, es axali tendencia aris loRikuli ganviTareba
im moTxovnebisa, romelic maSin wamoayenes, rodesac swydeboda Zir­
iTadi agraruli sakiTxi. Tu ki aseT tendencias mivmarTavT, Cven mi­
vesalmebiT am tendencias da vambobT _ saWiroa amis ufro aCqareba
da gafarToeba, imitom, rom am tendenciis gafarToveba Cven migvaCnia
finansiurad da ekonomiurad Rarib saxelmwifosTvis, ekonomiurad
da finansiurad gamRonierebel faqtorad, Cven migvaCnia imave dros
revoliuciis monapovris ganxorcielebaT. Tu Cven amas ase ar miv­
iCnevT, unda vsTqvaT ras viRebT. kadetebs da oqtombristebs aseTi
principi Tavis programaSi aqvT da rodesac isini TavianT proeqts
adgenen, xalxs da sazogadoebas eubnebian: Cven Tu saxelmwifoebriv
da sazogadoebriv interesisTvis aseT aqts CavidenT _ CamovarTmevT
kerZo sakuTrebas wvrils da msxvils, magram maT sasyidels mivcemT. es
principi liberalizmis principi aris, ekonomiur-politikuri lib­
eralizmis principi, da rodesac Cven revoliuciis Semdeg am princips
savsebiT vanxorcielebT, unda vTqva, rom aq Cven savsebiT daviwyebu­
li gvaqvs revoliuciis ufleba da revoliucionuri monapovari.
me mgonia, rom ubralo truizmi qneba imis ganmeoreba, rom Cve­
ni saxelmwifo ver iarsebebs, rogorc burJuaziuli saxelmwifo. es
Cveulebrivi debulebaa, me mxolod ekonomiuri fargalSi gadmov­
itae Tqvengan xSirad naTqvami. politikurad Cveni saxelmwifo Tu
iarsebebs, iarsebebs mxolod rogorc demokratiuli, socialistu­
ri ekonomiuri organizacia. maSasadame Cven niadagi gamovacaleT im
feodalur da burJuaziul politikas, romelsac eyrdnoboda Zveli
ruseTis klasebi. (xmauroba) Tu CvenTvis saWiro iyo miwis fondis Se­
qmna da Cven SevqmeniT is revoliuciis saSualebiT, me Tqven getyviT,
rom CvenTvis saWiro aris saxlebis fondis Seqmna da es unda gavake­
ToT revoliucionur politikur saSualebiT. Cven SegviZlian da­
vicvaT wvril mepatroneebis ufleba saxlebis mflobelobis saqmeSi.
magram msxvili saxlebis mepatroneebi aq ver iqnebian Cveni mzrunve­
lobis obieqtad.
amitom Cven miwis fondze ise unda vilaparakoT, rogorc vlapa­
rakobdiT saxlebis fondzec, sazogadoT es fondis sakiTxi unda se­
riozulad daisvas da seriozulad gadaswydes (xma: kanon-proeqtSi?).
am kanon-proeqtSi ki Cveni fraqcia icavs am tendencias da xedavs
am tendencias, rom sazogadoebriv erTeulebs erobebs, qalaqebs ga­

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daeces saxelmwifosagan TandaTan meti adgili, romelzedac Seiqmne­
ba sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifoebrivi meurneoba. Cven vfiqrobT,
rom es sazogadoebrivi meurneoba aris is mkvidri niadagi, romelze­
dac agebuli iqneba Cveni saxelmwifos keTildReoba. Cven politikaSi
da parlamentarizmSi, municipalur komunizmSi ukve gadavdgiT aseTi
nabiji, ekonomiuradac unda gadavdgaT aseTi nabiji da ramdenadac
ufro swrafad, ramdenadac ufro Rrmad da farTod gavatarebT da
SeuTanxmebT Cven moqmedebas ekonomiurad da politikurad, imdenad
es ekonomiuri da politikuri moqmedeba Sehqmnis iseT erTeuls, im
saxelmwifos, romlis mosurne aris Cveni fraqcia da romlis mosurne
aris saqarTvelos demokratiac.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vinaidan sxva msurveli aravin
aris, ukanaskneli sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
sergei jafariZe. (s.-d.) kanon-proeqtis pirveli wakiTxvis dros,
saerTo msjelobas praqtikuli azri mxolod maSin aqvs, rodesac misi
mizani aris _ uarhyos Semotanili kanon-proeqti, an da daubrunos
komisias xelaxlad gadasasinjavad axal principis mixedviT. arc ba­
ton gvazavas, arc baton Rlonts aseTi moTxovnilebebi ar warmoud­
geniaT, ese igi, rom uaryon, an da daubrunon komisias xelaxlad gada­
sasinjavad. maSasadame, yvela is, rac sTqves b. gvazavam da b. Rlontma,
Seicavs arsebiTad Sesworebebs, romlis ganxilva ufro azriani iqne­
boda kanon-proeqtis muxlobriv ganxilvis dros, magram raki zogier­
Ti debuleba wamoayenes, romelTac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs, me min­
da mogaxsenoT ramdenime sityva. baton gvazavam aq gamoitana saerTo
Teoria, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs kerZo sakuTrebas: es aris simbolo
Tavisuflebisao; Tavisuflebis simboloa Tu socialur avazakobisa,
_ ase farTo Temaze msjeloba es aris dros dakargva da aseT sferoSi,
sadac batoni gvazava gvepatiJeba, ver gadavitanT msjelobas.
praqtikuli mniSvneloba hqonda mxolod erT debulebas. iman sTq­
va, rom amis gansazRvra, Tu romel saqmes aqvs saxelmwifoebrivi an
sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba, es unda gadaswyvitos sakanonmdeblo
organom da ara mTavrobam da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobam.
me unda vTqva, rom principialurad amis winaaRmdeg aravis
araferi eqneboda, magram, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, rom yovelive
sakiTxis ganxilva, yovelive kerZo SemTxvevis ganxilva sakanonmde­
blo dawesebulebis mier Seaferxebs, daagvianebs sazogadoebriv
saqmis cxovrebaSi gatarebas, _ mxolod am mosazrebiT Cven uarvyofT
da vambobT, rom es ufleba unda mieniWos mTavrobas da adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobas. rasakvirvelia, Tu vaWarma petriaSvilma iTxova,
me minda vaWroba gavmarTo da gTxovT, es adgili CamoarTvaT kerZo
pirs da momceT meo, _ rasakvirvelia, ar moinaxeba iseTi mTavroba,
rom kerZo interesebisTvis CamoarTvas aseTi mamuli. magram Tu kerZo
piri, sazogadoeba, an amxanagoba ityvis, rkinis gza unda gaviyvano­
To _ amas didi mniSvneloba aqvs cxovrebisTvis, ekonomiur cxovre­

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bis mowyobisTvis, maSasadame es arc iseTi sadavo aris da imis SiSi,
rom SesaZlebelia saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba mivsceT iseT saqmes,
romelsac martoka kerZo interesebis mniSvneloba aqvs, es SiSi me
sruliad usafuZvlod mimaCnia. amitom mxolod dros ekonomiisTvis
saWiro aris, rom aseT kerZo SemTxvevebSi yvela saqmis gadawyvetaSi
ar gadavideT sazRvargareTis magaliTebze. sazRvargareT, ekono­
miuri cxovreba sduRs da gadaduRs. Cveni cxovreba ki politikuri,
socialuri da ekonomiuri exla daviwyeT. amitom aseTi rTuli gzis
Seqmna metad sazianoa.
Semdeg me ver gavige kargaT, Tu ra unda eTqva baton gvazavas,
rodesac is laparakobda, rom kerZo pirs ar unda mivceT winaswar
gamokvlevis ufleba. ai aviRoT, magaliTad, baton xoStarias saqme,
romelsac miveciT koncesiis ufleba, romlis ZaliT alpanaSi mdin­
are rionze unda gamarTos sadguri da gamoimuSaos eleqtronis
energia, gaanaTos quTaisis mxare da imave dros gadasces WiaTuras
da sxva adgilebs, rom qarxnebi da zavodebi aamuSaos. amas dasWir­
deba is adgilebi, sadac sadguri unda gaakeTos, dasWirdeba iseTi
adgilebi, sadac boZebs daasvams, rom mavTulebi gaabas da eleqtro­
nis energia gadasces. magram sad unda daasvas boZebi, ra xaziT unda
gaiyvanos, aseTi cnobebi unda daagrovos inJenerma da gamoikvlios,
maSasadame winaswari gamokvleva imas gulisxmobs, Tu ra xaziT da
an ra farglebSi unda moewyos es Senoba, es boZi, mavTuli da sxva.
amisTvis ruseTis kanonmdeblobaSi ar iyo araviTari norma. magram
ase Tu ise uamisod ikvlevdnen saqmes, Tumca SeiZleba calke SemTx­
vevebSi dabrkoleba xdeboda. magaliTad, Tqven gindaT gansazRvroT
is xazi, ra xaziT unda gaiyvanoT rkinis gzis liandagi, boZebi daas­
vaT, amisTvis sWiriaT venaxSi Sesvla da patronma ki ar SeuSvas (ar
ismis). rom es ar moxdes, rom dabrkoleba ar aRmouCndes kerZo mesa­
kuTris mxriv, Cven unda davakanonoT, rom kerZo mesakuTrem SeuSvas
Tavis mamulSi kerZo cnobebis misaRebad, _ ama Tu im cnobebs miiRebs
warmoebis patroni an saxelmwifos agenti. romelsac Cven vambobT
winaswar gamokvlevaze, Cven vgulisxmobT winaswar gamokvlevas,
roca es saWiro iqneba. magaliTad, Tqven gindaT skola gamarToT sx­
vis saxlSi, Tqven unda SexvideT da daaTvalieroT es saxli, magram me
ar mesmis is winaswari gamokvleva, romelzedac aq laparakobda ba­
toni gvazava. is laparaki albaT im winaswar gamokvlevazea, romel­
mac unda gaamarTlos sazogadoT CamorTmeva. sazogadoT imas gonia:
ai Seikriba eroba, Seikriba saqalaqo sabWo, sadac an mTavrobaSi vi­
Ramac sTqva, CamovarTvaT, da CamoerTva. es ase ar xdeba, praqtikaSi
aris erTgvari wesi. dainteresebuli piri, kompania, Tu saxelmwifo
dawesebuleba aRZravs saTanado dawesebulebaSi Suamdgomlobas, is
warmoadgens dasabuTebul da damuSavebul masalebs da romlebiTac
daasabuTebs CamorTmevis saWiroebas: yvela es sabuTebi ganxiluli
iqneba, da Tu savse ar iqna, damatebiT cnobebes mosTxoven.

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 rac Seexeba baton Rlontis sityvas, me unda vsTqva, rom man six­
aruli gamosTqva imis Sesaxeb, rom es kanon-proeqti moaswavebs imas,
rom maTi politikuri moZRvreba gaiziara social-demokratiam da
aRiarebs imas, rac agrarul kanonis gamocemis dros social-demokra­
tiam uaryo. me unda vsTqva, rom araviTari kavSiri am kanon-proeqts
agrarul reformasTan ara aqvs. agraruli reformis principi iyo
CamoerTvas imas, visac meti aqvs, vinc Tavisi SromiT ar amuSavebs,
CamoerTmeva ufasod. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vadgivarT Zvel princips:
iZulebiTi CamorTmeva safasuris micemiT xdeba, CamorTmeva xdeba
mxolod maSin, rodesac, moiTxovs saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoe­
brivi interesi.
magram araviTari kavSiri ar aris am or kanon Soris, da arc sim­
wuxares da arc sixaruls ar unda hqondes adgili.
ukanasknelad unda vsTqva erT debulebaze. b. Rlontma ilaparaka
imaze, rom rodesac Cven sazogadoebriv saqmes vaxorcielebT, mazra­
Si nametnavad, unda davicvaT kerZo meurneebis, rogorc ekonomiur
erTeulis, interesi. amitom samagiero adgiliT unda ganisazRvros
is jildo, romelic maT unda mieces, da ara fuliT, romelsac fasi
daekargao. me ar vici ramdenad mizanSewonili aris aseTi laparaki
fulze tribunidan. magram unda vsTqva, rom es kanoni marto xval­
isTvis ki ar aris gamocemuli, an zegisTvis, _ kanoniT aq igulisxme­
ba didi periodi, didi dro. Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom Cveni ekonomiuri
mdgomareoba momavalSi iseTi ar iqneba, rogorc aris exla. meores
mxriT, imis Tqma, rom fulis magivrad mivceT raime ekvivalentad sam­
agiero adgili, uZravi qoneba, inventari (ar ismis) amis Tqma rasakvir­
velia advilia. ase iyo ruseTis kanonmdeblobaSi, romlis Tanaxmad
SeiZleboda miecaT uZravi qoneba, magram (ar ismis) es sityva sityvaT
darCa, da saqmiT ki arsadgan ganxorcielebula. da mere Cven kidev ar
viciT, iqneba Tu ara saxelmwifos fondi, saidanac SesaZlebeli iqneba
adgilis micema (ar ismis). sazogadod es iseT mdgomareobas Seqmnis,
rom aseT wesis gansazRvra kanoniT SeuZlebelia. amitom Cven vambobT,
rom viRebT erTgvar qonebas fulze SefasebiT da am fuls vaZlevT
patrons mere mesakuTres. saqmea _ sad SeiZens samagiero adgils da
sasargeblo saqmes.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad kamaTi dasrulebuli gaxlavT. vin aris
winaaRmdegi, rom Sesafer vadis Semdeg muxlobriv ganxilvaze gada­
videT? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. unda mogaxsenoT, rom es dekreti
winad Semovida damfuZnebel krebaSi kanonis saxiT. prezidiumi wi­
naaRmdegi ar aris, rom dekretis saxiT iyos Semotanili, Tu sabWo
miiRebs amas. Tqvenze aris damokidebuli. es kanonis saxiT iyo, exla
Txouloben dekretis saxiT SemovitanoTo da, marTlac, Sinaarsi
ufro dekretisaa. rogor inebebT? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom es iyos
ganxiluli dekretis saxiT? maSasadame dekretis saxiT ganixileba.
vTxov momxsenebels.

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 giorgi anjafariZe (s.-d.) im sakiTxs, romlis Sesaxeb aq aris war­
modgenili dekreti, aqvs Tavisi istoria. 1915 wels wyaldidobis
dros mdinare cxenis wyalma gaarRvia Tavisi sazRvrebi, ahyara mcx­
ovreblebi, waleka mravali kulturulad damuSavebuli Walebi da
ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi Seswyvita Semosvla rkinis gzaze foTsa
da samtredias Soris. adgilobriv iyo miRebuli zogierTi saCqaro
zomebi, magram iseTi xasiaTi hqonda am zomebs, rom radikalurad md­
gomareobas ver gaasworebda. Semdgom amisa, TiTqmis yovel wliv, wy­
aldidoba mraval zarals ayenebda mcxovreblebs.
rogorc es gamoarkvia specialurma komisiam, am mdinaresTan ra­
dikalur brZolisaTvis ramdenime milioni aris saWiro. im xarjT-aR­
ricxvis Tanaxmad, romelic iyo Sedgenili jer kidev 1917 wels, saW­
iroa 2.800.000 maneTi. rasakvirvelia, exlandel dros es Tanxa gaxda
ramdenime aTeul milionad, radganac dRes-dReobiT Cven xazinas erT­
droulad aseT Tanxis gaReba ar SeuZlian. amitom sawylo sammarTve­
lo ufro mizanSewonilad sTvlis am Seupovar mdinaresTan TandaTa­
nobiTi brZolas. amisaTvis saWiro Tanxa gadaideba xarjT-aRricxvis
wesiT. magram mdinare cxenis wyalis napirebi dRes iseT mdgomareo­
baSia, rom Tu exlave ar iqna zomebi miRebuli, pirvelive wyaldido­
bis dros saSineli ubedureba daatydeba iqaur mcxovreblebs. saWiro
aris iq jebiris gakeTeba da sxva. amisTvis, rogorc gamoangariSebuli
aris, iqneba saWiro 100.000 maneTi.
rogorc adgilobriv mowveulma komisiam es daadgina da dainter­
esebul uwyebis warmomadgenelic daeTanxma, es Tanxa unda ganawildes
amnairad: erTi mesamedi unda gaiRon adgilobriv mcxovreblebma sen­
akis mazris erobis saxiT da danarCeni ori mesamedi saxelmwifo xazin­
idan unda iyos gaRebuli _ naxevari miwad-moqmedebis saministrodan
da meore naxevari rkinis gzis saministrodan. es ori mesamedi Sead­
gens im 66 aTas maneTs, romlis Sesaxeb aris warmodgenili dekreti.
Tavmjdomare. dekreti kenWis yriT muxlobriv miRebulia da ga­
daecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi damatebiTi dekreti. momxsen­
ebelia ire­maSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. am dekretis ganxilva sabiujeto komisiam ver
moaswro, radganac Sesaferi masala ar hqonda, da sTxovs damfuZnebel
krebas, rom dRes moxsnili iqnes da Semdeg wesrigSi iqnes Setanili.
Tavmjdomare. dekreti moxsnilia.
kreba daxurulia.
sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 1 saaTsa da 55 w.

308
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdamecamete sxdoma

paraskevi, 1919 weli, ivlisis 4. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umcrosi am­

xanagi
simon mdivani.
mdivnobs damfuZnebel krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi aris:
eqvTime TayaiSvili
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 50 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs) komisiaSi gadasacem kanon-proeqtebis sias,
ris Semdeg moaxsenebs krebas soc.-rev. fraqciis gancxadebas.

soc.-rev. fraqciis gancxadeba.

„damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiums, soc.-rev. fraqcias aqvs pativi

gauwyT, rom gzaTa komisiaSi igzavneba ivane gobeCia. Tavmjdomare.
mdivani“.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. saboloo teqsti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 66,000 man. gadadebis

dekretisa mdinare cxenis wyalis napirebis gasamagreblad.
2. saboloo teqsti _ saqarTvelos saerobo dawesebulebaTa Sesa­
naxad 8,069, 123 man. gaRebis dekretisa.
3. dekreti gadamdeb senTan sabrZolvelad Sinagan saqmeTa samin­
istros sanitarul nawilis saWiroebisaTvis damatebiT 166,444 man.
gaRebisa.

309
 4. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ sazRvargareT
specialur swavla ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavn axalgazrdebisaT­
vis sastipendio Tanxad erTi milioni maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
5. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa 1919 w. maisis 27
kanonis (xazinis Semosavalis gasaZliereblad zogierT Ronis ZiebaTa
miRebisa) damatebis Sesaxeb.
6. dekreti saqarTvelos respublikis bonebis gamocemisa.
7. dekreti azerbaijanis respublikis mTavrobisagan gadmocemul
60 mil. man. amierkavkasiis bonis pasuxismgeblobis miRebisa.
8. dekreti q. foTSi mdinare rionis totze xidis gasakeTeblad
1.500.000 man. gaRebisa.
9. SekiTxva erovnul demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
soxumis olqis mdgomareobisa da ambebis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. vis nebavs sityva dRiur wesrigis Seaxeb? sityva
ekuTvnis mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles evgeni p. gegeWkors.
evgeni p. gegeWkori. me minda damfuZnebel krebas Semdegi gancxa­
debiT mivmarTo: is SekiTxva, romelic aris Semotanili erovnul-
demokratebis fraqciis mier, Seexeba friad mZime da masTan saintere­
so saqmes. me unda mogaxsenoT, rom mTavroba TiTon grZnobs, rom is
urTierToba, romelic exla aris Cven da afxazeTis saxalxo komisari­
atis Soris ar aris normaluri, magram mTavroba Tavis Tavs movaled
racxs, gTxovoT Tqven _ es SekiTxva SemdegisTvis gadidos. erT kvira­
Si, an ufro male mTavroba dasabuTebul pasuxs gascems SekiTxvaze.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis kedias.
spiridon kedia (n.-d.) radganac SekiTxvis miznad dasaxuli gvaqvs,
rom saerTo Zal-RoniT gagveca pasuxi im mdgomareobisTvis, romelic
Seiqmna afxazeTSi, amitom mTavrobis gancxadeba me mimaCnia misaRebad
da vidre mTavroba sabuTebs ar Seagrovebs, Cven Tanaxma varT, rom ga­
didos.
Tavmjdomare. SekiTxva gadadebulia. sityva ekuTvnis leo Senge­
laias.
leo Sengelaia. (soc.-rev.) batonebo! me saerTod dRiur wesrigis
winaaRmdeg ara var, magram dRiur wesrigSi aris erTi dekreti, rome­
lic Cvenis azriT unda gadadebul iqnes. es aris dekreti, romelic ex­
eba friad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs da romelsac Rramd awon-dawona unda.
amitom moviTxov, rom iyos dRiuri wesrigidan moxsnili dekreti _
sqarTvelos respublikis bonebis gamocemisa.
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris social-revoliucionerTa fraqci­
is mier Semotanili, _ moxsnili iyos dekreti saqarTvelos respub­
likis bonebis gamocemisa. vin aris winaaRmdeg gadadebisa? dekretis
ganxilva kenWis yriT gadadebuli aris. Semdeg gaxlavT _

310
 dekreti gadamdeb senTan sabrZolvelad _
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sanitarul nawilis
saWiroebisaTvis damatebiT 166.444 maneTis gadadebisa.

momxsenebelia iremaSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. (s.-d.) dekreti Seexeba gadamdeb senTan sab­
rZolvelad Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sanitarul nawilis saW­
iroebisTvis damatebiT 166.444 maneTis gadadebas. mogexsenebaT, rom
mimdinare wlis Semodgomas da zamTarSi gadamdebi seni iyo gavrcele­
buli Cven respublikaSi, romelmac auarebeli msxverpli Seiwira; da
ai am dros mTavrobam gadasdo erTi milioni maneTi am gadamdeb sen­
Tan sabrZolvelad. es erTi milioni maneTi gadadebuli iyo, egreT­
wodebul, gansakuTrebul rwmunebulis gankargulebaSi; gansakuTre­
bul rwmunebulad daniSnuli iyo Sinagan saqmeTa ministris mier eqimi
gopaZe, romelmac moaxdina eqimTa mobilizacia. moawyo saavadmyo­
foebi iseT adgilebSi, sadac partaxiani tifi mZvinvarebda da Seud­
ga am saqmis mowesrigebas. samazro erobebi am dros ar arsebobdnen
da samazro erobebs ar hqondaT sanitaruli saqme mowesrigebuli da
mowyobili am dros; mTeli simZime am sanitarul brZolaSi am gansa­
kuTrebul rwmunebuls awva. rodesac sagrZnobeli nawili am milion­
isa daixarja da danarCeni fuli mimdinare xarjebs aRar yofnida, ro­
melic mosalodneli iyo, ai am dros gansakuTrebulma rwmunebulma
Suamdgomloba aRZra Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosTan, rom damatebiT
kidev miecaT misTvis fuli. misi Suamdgomloba Seicavs Semdegs: is
moiTxovs, rom mis gankargulebaSi gadacemuli kidev yofiliyos
774.024 m. 57 kap. ai es xarji da misi angariSebi winaswar man warud­
gina kontroliors, magram es Suamdgomloba kontroliorma ar Sei­
wynara, imitom, rom moTxovnil Tanxas Tan gasamarTlebeli sabuTebi
ar aRmoaCnden. gasamarTlebuli sabuTebi warudgines kontroliors
mxolod 166.444 maneTisa da 25 kap. ai radganac am Tanxis gasamarTle­
beli sabuTi iyo warmodgenili Tavis droze, amitom kontroliorma
am zedemti xarjis neba darTo mxolod. rac Seexeba 607,580 m. 32 kap.
radganac am Tanxis gasamarTlebeli sabuTi ar iyo warmodgenili, kon­
troliorma amis neba ar darTo. mTavroba daeTanxma kontroliors.
es Tanxa gansakuTrebul rwmunebuls gadaucia Sinagan saqmeTa samin­
istrosTan arsebul saeqimo sasanitaro ganyofilebaSi da am ganyo­
filebam, rodesac samazro erobebi moewyo, gadasca samazro erobebs
(TiTo erobas daaxlovebiT 20.000 maneTi daurigdaT). am samazro er­
obebis sanitarul ganyofilebebs jer ar warmoudgeniaT angariSi am
gansakuTrebul rwmunebulisTvis da gansakuTrebul rwmunebuls kon­
troliorisTvis, da amis gamo mTavrobam 3 ivnisis sxdomaze daamtkica
es kontrolioris daskvna da neba misca Sinagan saqmeTa saministros,
rom Suamdgomloba aReZra mxolod am dekretSi aRniSnul 166.444 man.
24 kapeikis Sesaxeb.

311
 am Jamad es 1 milioni maneTi TiTqmis sruliad daxarjuli aris,
raRac aTeuli maneTi aris darCenili, meti araferi. magram im maz­
rebSi, sadac erobebi jer ar aris mowyobili, aseTi seni mainc mZvin­
varebs da brZola masTan aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens. garda
amisa isic unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom mosalodnelia xoleris
da sxva epidemiebis gavrceleba. amisTana senTan brZola aseT mazreb­
Si, sadac aseTi erobebi ar aris mowyobili, aucilebel saWiroebas
warmoadgens. ai am dekretiT moiTxovs Sinagan saqmeTa saministro,
rom aRniSnuli Tanxa dekretSi gadadebuli iqnes. sabiujeto-saf­
inanso komisiam iqonia msjeloba am dekretis Sesaxeb da daadgina:
radganac am Jamad marTlac aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens, im
adgilebSi, sadac erobebi aris mowyobili, gadaidis es Tanxa Tanax­
mad Sualmdgomlobisa; magram imave dros winadadeba mieces Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros, rom ai, aseTi xasiaTis dekreti. rogorc es aris,
ar iqnes xolme warmodgenili, radganac ai aseTi araCveulebrivi
krediti erTgvar arev-darevas iwvevs mTel biujetis SedgenaSi. _ am­
itom sabiujeto-safinanso komisia winadadebas aZlevs Sinagan saqme­
Ta saministros da sxva uwyebebs, rom winaswar iqnes xolme gaTvalis­
winebuli, Sedgenili da navaraudevi iyos yovelive es mosalodneli
xarjebi, ramdenadac es mosaxerxebeli aris. rasakvirvelia, moulod­
nel xarjebs momavalSiac Tavidan ver avicdenT, magram SeZlebis dag­
varad erTxelve SemuSavebul unda iqnes aseTi xarjT-aRricxva, da es
xarjTaRricxva warmodgenili iqnes sabiujeto-safinanso komisia­
Si da Semdeg damfuZnebel krebaSi, rom amiT erTgvari mTlianoba da
mowesrigeba iqmnes biujetSi. ai saerTo azri safinanso komisiisa da
dekretis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia. gTxovT, waikiTx­
oT pirveli muxli.
iremaSvili (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Semotanili aris Sesworeba social-demokrati­
uli fraqciis mier. pirvel muxlSi sityva (kiTxulobs) saTaurSi _
damatebiT 166,444 man. 25 kap. Seicvalos: erTdroulad „200.000 man.“
vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, es muxli miRebulia am SesworebiT.
i. iremaSvili. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxli miRebulia. dekreti saerTod miRebu­
lia. Semdeg...

312
 meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa
sazRvargared specialur swavla-ganaTlebis misaRebad
gasagzavn axalgazrdebisaTvis sastipendio Tanxad erTi
milioni maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelni arian anna soloRaSvilis asuli da g. anjafariZe.

Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis anjafariZes.
anjafariZe. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa saz­
Rvargared specialur swavla ganaTlebis misaRebad gasagzavn axal­
gazrdebisaTvis sastipendio Tanxad erTi milioni maneTis gadadebis
Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. pirvel muxlSi aris Semotanili Sesworeba saxalxo
ganaTlebis komisiis mier. (kiTxulobs) „codnis da an“ da sityva „ax­
algazrdaTa“ Seicvalos sityviT: „pirTaTvis“ momxseneblis daskvna.
anjafariZe. me araferi ar maqvs sawinaaRmdego, vinaidan araferi
gansxvaveba ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. muxli SesworebebiT miRebulia.
anjafariZe. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Semotanilia Sesworeba s.-d. fraqciisa: „sityva
sauwyebaTaSoriso komisias“ Semdeg Caematos „romelSiac miwveuli
iqneba damf. krebis komisiaTa da saxelmwifo universitetis warmo­
madgenelni“.
Tavmjdomare. meore muxli miRebulia. dekreti saerTod miRebu­
lia.

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa 1919 wlis

maisis 27 kanonis (xazinis Semosavlis gasaZliereblad
zogierTi RonisZiebis miRebisa) damatebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia oniaSvili.
d. oniaSvili. meore muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa 1919
wels maisis 27 kanonis damatebis Sesaxeb. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. muxli miRebulia.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulos meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. (meore muxli miRebulia. Semdeg, -

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 dekreti aderbeijanis respublikis mTavrobisagan
gadmocemul 60 milion maneTis amier-kavkasiis bonis
pasuxismgeblobis miRebisa.

momxsenebelia oniaSvili.
d. oniaSvili. saqme SemdegSi aris: ukanaskneli emisiis dros, am­
ier-kavkasiis bonebisa 60 milioni maneTi gadaeca aderbeijans da es
fuli inaxeboda maT gankargulebaSi, magram aderbeijanis mTavrobam
ar isargebla am fuliT. Tanaxmad 4 ivnisis xelSekrulobisa, romelic
dasdo saqarTvelos mTvrobam aderbeijanTan, es fuli dReidan gada­
dis Cveni mTavrobis gankargulebaSi da amisaTvis saWiro aris, rom
pasuxismgeblobac aiRos saqarTvelos mTavrobam Tavis Tavze. ai mok­
led aseTi aris kanonis deda-azri.
(muxlobriv wakiTxvis Semdeg dekreti miRebul iqna da gadaeca
saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia. Semde­
gi dekreti.

qalaq foTSi mdinare rionis totze xidis

gasakeTeblad 1.500.000 maneTis gaRebisa.

momxsenebelia dav. oniaSvili.

daviT oniaSvili (s.-d.) batonebo! baTomis droebiT dakargvis
Semdeg qalaq foTis mniSvneloba, mogexsenebaT, erTob gaizarda.
es erTaderTi qalaqi aris Cveni respublikisa, romelic aerTianebs
da akavSirebs saqarTvelos dasavleT evropasTan, amisTvis yoveli
sakiTxi, romelic ase Tu ise exeba qalaq foTs imave dros exeba mTeli
respublikis interesebs, amisTvis es kanon-proeqti, romelic dRes
damfuZnebel krebaSi aris Semotanili, uaRres mniSvnelobis dekreti
aris, da me mgonia, gaorkecebul yuradRebas miapyrobs mas damfuZne­
beli kreba.
dekretis saTauri aseTi aris: dekreti qalaq foTSi mdinare rio­
nis totze xidis gasakeTeblad 1.500.000 maneTis gaRebisa. es xidi mde­
bareobs mdinare rionis Crdilo Stoze, rogorc moxsenebuli aris am
dekretSi, da aerTianebs portis teritorias qalaqis foTTan.
Zvelad es xidi arsebobda da aerTianebda am teritorias qalaqTan,
magram 1917 wels 27 Tebervals, swored im dros, rodesac daemxo Zve­
li wyobileba, swored maSin daiqca foTis xidic, maSasadame darCa
mTeli qalaqi mowyvetili portis teritorias. am xidi aSenebas didi
mniSvneloba aqvs qalaq foTisTvis, magram ufro didi mniSvneloba
aqvs Cveni respublikisTvis. jer kidev Zveli weswyobilebis dros,
Zveli mTavrobis dros ramdenjerme mosulan specialurad daniSnu­
li komisiebi foTSi, mouxdeniaT gamoZieba da aris daskvnebi am komis­

314
iebisa, sadac naTqvami aris, rom marTlac ai am xids aqvs mniSvneloba
strategiuli da saxelmwifoebriv saqmeebisTvisac. masalebSi, rome­
lic darTuli aqvs am kanon-proeqts, sxvaTa Soris, moyvanilia azri
kavkasiis frontis mTavar sardlis Stabis ufrosisa, sadac gamoxat­
uli aris igive azri, rom marTla es xidi aerTianebs qalaq foTs da
zRvas ozurgeTis mazrasTan. auarebeli saqoneli, auarebeli sursa­
Ti modis ozurgeTis mazridan da ai am xidiT unda gaiaros. amiT aixs­
neba es didi TanagrZnoba, romliTac saqarTvelos mTavroba Tavidanve
Sexvda am xidis aSenebis saqmes. cnobisTvis unda mogaxsenoT, rom am
xidis aSenebis sakiTxi garCeuli iyo amier-kavkasiis seimis drosac,
sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis mier, da sabiujeto komisia erTxmad
daeTanxma mTavrobis moTxovnilebas. man scno es xidi uaRresad saxel­
mwifoebriv mniSvnelobis xidaT da Semdeg gadavida amier-kavkasiis
plenumze gasarCevad, magram swored am dros dairRva, daiSala ami­
er-kavkasiis seimi da xidis sakiTxi gadauwyveteli darCa dRemdis.
dRes, vimeoreb, es sakiTxi mTeli Tavisi sigrZe-siganiT wamoiWra
Cveni mTavrobisa da damfuZnebeli krebis win. mTavroba didi Tana­
grZnobiT Sexvda da daadastura es saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba,
romelic marTla aqvs am xids strategiuli mxriv Cveni qveynisTvis.
Tu nebas momcemT me wavikiTxav mis dadgenilebis erT adgils. (kiT­
xulobs).
ai aseTi iyo, batonebo, dadgenileba Cveni mTavrobisa 18 warsul
seqtembers. unda mogaxsenoT, rom yoveli is wesi, romelic aq mox­
senebuli iyo pirvel muxlSi Sesaxeb satexniko TaTbiris daskvnisa,
yoveli es muxli Sesrulebuli iqna marTlac. im masalebidan, ro­
melic Tan axlavs kanon-proeqts aris texnikuri TaTbiris azri da
daskvna im inJinerebisa, romelnic specialurad gagzavnili iyvnen
qalaq foTSi. am specialur daskvnaSi aris naTqvami, rom am xidis
aSenebis texnikuri SesaZlebloba aris da mosaxerxebelicaa. amis
Sesaxeb aris daskvna Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosi: (kiTxulobs)...
ai, batonebo, daskvna Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosi da am daskvnis
Tanaxmad warmodgenili iyo sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaSi dekreti
mTavrobisa, saministrosi, sadac aRirebuli iyo, rom es fuli, es
Tanxa, romelic exla me aq wavikiTxe, Tanxa am proeqtis xarjT-aRricx­
visa, romelic aris am saqmeSi, unda gadaeces am xarjT-aRricxvidan
qalaq foTis TviTmmarTvelobis gankargulebaSi, uprocento sesxis
saxiT. amis Sexaeb sabiujeto komisiam gamarTa msjeloba da xmis umrav­
lesobiT daadgina Semdegi. jer erTi Tanxis Sesaxeb. es Tanxa aris na­
varaudevi 6 Tvis winad warsul wlis dekemberSi. warmodgenili Tanxa
yovlad miuRebeli da Seuferebelia dRevandel cxovrebis pirobebSi.
unda mogaxsenoT, es saqme kidev ganixila sabiujeto komisiam, rom am
xarjT-aRricxvis mixedviT, sxvaTaSoris, navaraudevia yoveldRiur
muSis xelfasisTvis 30 maneTi, magram Cven mSvenivrad viciT, rom dRes
am fasiT yovlad SeuZlebelia muSis daWera. Semdeg aq aRebuli rkinis

315
fasad 30 maneTi, namdvilad ki dRes Seqmnilia sul sxva pirobebi, da
komisias gadawyvetili aqvs, rom radganac am xids aqvs mniSvneloba
ara marto qalaqisTvis, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobac, da es
faqtiurad dadasturebuli aris Cven mTavrobis mier, amitom samar­
Tlianoba moiTxovs, rom naxevari xarjebis gaReba daevalos mTavro­
bas da naxevari qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas.
ai am principis mixedviT, am azrebis mixedviT SemuSavda es
kanon-proeqti da es kanon-proeqti mogxsendebaT maSin, rodesac Cven
gadavalT muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva. sityva aravis ar surs. aq gaxlavT
erTi winadadeba mTavrobisa, meore safinanso komisiisa. me kenWs uyri
safinanso komisiis winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom safinanso
komisiis winadadeba miRebuli iqnes? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. maSasa­
dame, gadavdivarT muxlobriv sakiTxze im dekretisa, romelic war­
moadgina safinanso komisiam. gTxovT, waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. pirvel muxlSi Sesworebaa Semotanili so­
cial-demokratiis fraqciis mier: Caematos „saxelmwifo xazinidan“
Semdeg _ „mTavrobis gankargulebaSi“. vin aris winaaRmdegi am Ses­
worebisa? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi am muxlisa
am SesworebiT? gTxovT waikiTxoT muxli meore.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. am meore muxlSiac Semotanilia social-demokra­
tiul fraqciis mier Semdegi Sesworeba: pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli
„Tanxis“ Semdeg Caematos: „erTi naxevari eZleva foTis TviTmmar­
Tvelobas, rogorc daxmareba“. kenWs uyri am winadadebas. momxseneb­
lis azri.
momxsenebeli. radganac es Sesworeba ar ewinaaRmdegeba am did
deda azrs, romelic udevs safuZvlad am dekrets, amitom me winaaRm­
degi ara var agreTve meore Sesworebisa.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi? ara­
vin. maSasadame, es muxli miRebulia Tavis SesworebiT. vin aris saer­
Tod winaaRmdegi dekretisa? aravin. maSasadame, dekreti miRebuli
aris da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias.
dRiuri wesrigi amowurulia.
gTxovT, moisminoT Semdegi sxdomis wesrigi.
mdivani (kiTxulobs). exla sxdomas vxurav.
sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 2 saaTze da 20 wuTze.

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 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaToTxmete sxdoma

1919 weli, samSabaTi, ivlisis 8. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
grigol naTaZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
konstantine jafariZe,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dRis 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT moaxsenoT dRiu­
ri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs cnobebs komisiaSi gadasacems da dRiur wes­
rigs).

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti kanonisa _ sazRvar-gareT swavla-ganaTlebis,

an specialuri codnis SesaZenad gasagzavn pirTaTvis ori milioni
maneTis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
2. saboloo teqsti _ 1919 w. maisis 27 kanonis damatebisa xazinis
Semosavlis gasaZliereblad zogierT RonisZiebaTa miRebisaTvis.
3. saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ gadamdeb senTan sabrZolvelad
Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sanitarul nawilisaTvis erTdroulad
20.000 man. gaRebis Sesaxeb.

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 4. saboloo teqsti _ azerbaijanis mTavrobisagan gadmocemul 60
milioni maneTis amier-kavkasiis bonebis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb.
5. saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ qalaq foTSi mdinare rionis
CrdiloeTis totze xidis gasakeTeblad milion naxevar man. gaRebis
Sesaxeb.
6. dekreti saqarTvelos respublikis bonebis gamocemisa.
7. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ uZravi qonebis
iZulebiT CamorTmevis, droebiT daWeris da misi sargeblobaSi monaw­
ileobis dawesebis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo, an sazogadoebrivi saWiroebi­
saTvis.
8. damfuZnebeli krebis wevris a. asaTianis winadadeba _ saxalxo
meurneobis mudmivi komisiis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
9. dekreti _ 1917 wlis martis 20 kanonis moqmedebis gangrZobisa.
Tavmjdomare. aris vinme winaaRmdegi am dRiur wesrigisa? aravin.
maSasadame, dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia.
pirveli sakiTxi gaxlavT sabolo teqstebi. momxsenebeli gaxlavT
soloRaSvilis asuli. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
soloRaSvilis asuli. kiTxulobs dRiur wesrigs 1, 2, 3, 4, da me-5
muxlSi aRniSnul sakanonmdeblo aqtTa saboloo teqstebs, romelTac
damfuZnebeli kreba erTxmad amtkicebs).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

dekreti saqarTvelos respublikis bonebis

gamocemis Sesaxeb.

sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.

daviT oniaSvili. (s.-d.) batonebo! dRes damfuZnebel krebam unda
gadawyvitos friad didi da mniSvnelovani sakiTxi: qarTuli bonebis
gamocema. am sakiTxs friad didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radganac igi Seexe­
ba Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebis ekonomiur mxares.
Tqven iciT, rom saerTaSoriso omma mTlianad daangria Zveli
ekonomiuri urTierToba da sruliad mospo arsebuli finansiuri
sistema. finansiur kriziss ganicdis ara marto Cveni patara respub­
lika, aramed didi evropac. ai am finansiur da ekonomiur krizisze,
romelsac Tan daerTo valiutis krizisic, aRorZinda anu aRmocen­
da fulis niSnebis surogatis gamocemis aucilebloba. erTi am sur­
ogatTgani iyo agredwodebuli amier-kavkasiis bona. Tqven iciT, rom
am bonebis gamocemis aucileblobaSi sxvaTaSoris SeTanxmda sami
saxelmwifo, sami respublikis mTavroba. es respublikebi arian ader­
beijani, somxeTi da saqarTvelo.
dRes es SeTanxmeba aRar aris da maSasadame, bunebrivad ibadeba
sakiTxi axal fulis niSnebis gamocemisa. am SeTanxmebis, am kavSiris
erT wevrs aqvs Tavis sakuTari fulis niSnebi da aRar unda aiRos Tav­

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is Tavze amier-kavkasiis bonebis pasuxismgebloba. jer kidev ama wlis
30 ianvars saqarTvelos parlamentma daadgina Cven mTavrobisTvis
mieca ufleba qarTul bonebis gamocemisa, magram Tqven iciT, rom Cven­
ma mTavrobam dRevandlamdis ar isargebla am uflebiT.
mTavrobas mSvenivrad hqonda gaTvaliswinebuli da Segnebuli,
rom dRevandel piroebebSi axali fulis niSnebis beWdva scems isedac
dacemuls fulis fass, da mTel saxelmwifos ayenebs saSinel finansi­
ur katastrofis winaSe. dRes Cvenma mTavrobam gadasdga es nabiji bev­
ri ryevis, saqmis awon-dawonis da mofiqrebis Semdeg.
batonebo! Tqven mSvenivrad iciT, rom qarTul bonis gamocema, ro­
gorc bevri ram Cven cxovrebaSi, ar aris Sedegi ama Tu im piris survi­
lisa, aramed aris Sedegi aucileblobisa, loRikur aucileblobisa.
sabiujeto safinanso komisiam swored am mxriv Sexeda qarTul bonis
gamocemis sakiTxs da miiRo es dekreti xangrZliv kamaTis Semdeg. saf­
inanso komisiis wevrebi grZnoben, rasakvirvelia, rom qarTul bonebs
aqvT didi nakli, magram es nakli aris Tan dayolili Tviseba yvela
bonebisa, arc meti da arc naklebi. ra Tqma unda, rom bonebs namdvili
fuli sjobia, magram namdvili fulis gamocema dRevandel pirobebSi
yovlad SeuZlebelia; _ amas win unda uZRodes, rogorc Tqven mogex­
senebaT, valiutis sakiTxis gadaWra. amnairad, jerjerobiT, isev qar­
Tul bonebzed unda SevaCeroT Cveni yuradReba.
mTavrobis azriT, saqarTvelos boni gamocemuli unda iqnes 300
milion maneTisa, Tu miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, rogorc saxelmwifos
ise kerZo dawesebulebis saWiroebas. fulis niSani ukve miRebulia da
mowonebuli mTavrobis mier da rogorc SemdegSi dainaxavT aRniSnu­
lia sxvaTaSoris Rerbi da Semdeg aris xelis mowera mTavrobis Tav­
mjdomarisa, finansTa ministrisa da am fulis niSanze aris agreTve
amoRebuli kanonidan ori muxli. Cven darwmunebuli varT, rom Cveni
xalxi sruliad SegnebiT dauxvdeba mTavrobis gadawyvetilebas.
Cven zeviT vsTqviT, rom saerTod bonebis gamocemas didi mniSvne­
loba da gavlena aqvs xalxis, saxelmwifos ekonomiur cxovrebaSi. da
aq unda daumatoT, rom am ekonomiur cxovrebasac Tavis mxriv saxel­
mwifoebriv da ekonomiur cxovrebas aqvs ara naklebi mniSvneloba da
gavlena TviT fulis gamocemazed. Tu am mxriv SevxedavT saqmes, Cven
davrwmundebiT, rom qarTuli bonebi arc iseT cud pirobebSi gamo­
dis, rogorc es zogierTebs hgoniaT. qarTuli bonebis Tavdebia mTe­
li saqarTvelo Tavis daumuSavebel bunebriv simdidriT, romlis Ri­
rebuleba udris ramdenime miliard maneTs. Cven darwmunebuli varT,
Tu xalxi gamoiCens am SemTxvevaSiac erTsulovnebas da politikur
Segnebas da Cveni mTavroba SesZlebs saR ekonomiur warmoebas, es qar­
Tuli boni Seasrulebs mSvenivrad Tavis rols da niadags moumzadebs
momavalSi qarTul fulis sistemis Seqmnas.
Tavmjdomare. saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis Senge­
laias.

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 leo Sengelaia (soc.-rev.) moqalaqeno! damfuZnebel krebis wev­
rno! mTavari mosazreba, mTavari sabuTi, romliTac mmarTveli par­
tia asabuTebs da amarTlebs sxva da sxva kanonebis da zomebis miRebas
aris aseTi:
yovelTvis, roca saWiro aris raime kanonis, raime zomis miReba
Cven gveubnebian: Cveni mdgomareoba katastrofiuli aris, meti gamo­
savali ar gvaqvs, Tu es kanoni, es zoma ar miviReT, qveyana daiqcevao
da sxv. aseTi aris maTi trafareti, romliTac isini gvimaspinZldebi­
an. Cven, rasakvirvelia, qveynis daqceva ar gvinda, da amitom aris, rom
TiTqmis yovel sxdomazed vRebulobT dekretebs da varigebT mar­
jvniv da marcxniv milionebs, varigebT ara asobiT da aTasobiT, ar­
amed milionobiT. 5, 10, 20 milioni _ ai, Cveulebrivi cifrebi Cveni
dekretisa.
ra Tqma unda, amis Semdeg gasagebi aris, rom Cveni saxelmwifos
xazina carieli rCeba, Tu ki Cveni mTavroba iZulebuli aris ori
Tvis ganmavlobaSi mimarTos sakanonmdeblo organos axal saemisio
uflebisaTvis. amas unda daumatoT Semdegi:
Cveni deficiti dRidan dRe izrdeba, bonebis kursi saSinlad
daeca. aseT pirobebSi saWiro aris araCveulebrivi zomebi, saWiro
aris gansakuTrebul RonisZiebis miReba, raTa Cveni finansiuri mdgo­
mareoba odnavadac mainc gamokeTdes. Cvenda samwuxarod, Cven amas ver
vxedavT, Cveni mTavroba iseve Zveli gziT midis finansiur krizisis
sawinaaRmdego brZolaSi. darCa erTi saSualeba, es aris mbeWdavi
manqana. Tqven mogexsenebaT, roca es manqana ufro mets muSaobs, ufro
uaresdeba da ufro gviaxlovdeba finansiuri katastrofa,
amitom Cven Rrmad varT darwmunebuli, rom warmodegenili
dekreti aris axali ubedureba da rogorc aseTi es unda uarvyoT.
warmodgenil dekretSi aris ori arsebiTi mxare: erTis mxriv
moiTxoven axal bonebis 300 milionis maneTis gamocemas, meore mxriv
moiTxoven qarTul bonebis gamocemas. rac Seexeba meore sakiTxs _ es
yvelasTvis misaRebia ufro politikur TvalsazrisiT da ara finan­
siur TvalsazrisiT, radganac Cven viciT, rom Cveulebrivad yovel
damoukidebel saxelmwifos aqvs Tavisi fuli, sakuTari niSnebi; ase
rom fulis niSnebi aris erTgvari atributi damoukideblobisa, da­
moukidebel arsebobisa. radganac Cveni saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba
savsebiT ar aris gamorkveuli, qarTul bonebis gamocemas aqvs erTi
dadebiTi politikuri mniSvneloba, magram finansiur TvalsazrisiT
sruliad miuRebelia, vinaidan am dekretis miRebis Semdeg Cven ba­
zarSi iqneba nikolozis, kerenskis, amier-kavkasiis da Semdeg qarTu­
li bonac. yvela es aucileblad xels Seuwyobs saerTod maneTis kur­
sis dacemas. es saanbano WeSmariteba aris. imave dros, radganac CvenSi
aris ara erTi firmis fulebi, aramed sxva da sxva formisa, amitom ra
Tqma unda, yvelaze ufro daecema im firmis fuli, romelic naklebad
aris cnobili, romlis trialis asparezi ufro viwro aris. iseTi md­

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gomareoba aris Cveni firmisa, ese igi qarTul bonebis mdgomareoba,
radganac misi trialis asparezi samwuxarod ufro naklebad cnobi­
lia, ufro viwroa SedarebiT ruseTisa da amier-kavkasiis bonebTan,
da amitom, ra Tqma unda, es axali zoma dadebiT Sedegs ver mogvcems.
dekrets aqvs meore arsebiTi mxare, saerTod axali bonebis ga­
mocema saWiro aris, marTalia Cven gvaqvs mravali dawesebulebani,
marTalia saxelmwifos yoveldRiur saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad
saWiroa gansazRvruli Tanxa. amis uaryofa aravis ar SeuZlian, magram
Cven vfiqrobT, rom yovel dRiur saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad am
TvalsazrisiT ar SegviZlian vixelmZRvaneloT, radganac bonebis ga­
mocema CvenSi pirveli ar aris. Cveni bazari ukve gavsebulia bonebiT
da yovelive emisia gaaZlierebs xronikul avadmyofobas, romelsac
finansiuri krizisi ewodeba. am mxriv erTgvari magaliTi unda mogax­
senoT: Cven saxelmwifos finansiuri arseboba miagvanebs im zRaprul
arsebobas, romelic yelamdis wyalSi ijda da wyals ver swvdeboda.
Cveni bonebis ricxvi auarebelia, magram xazinas mainc fuli ara
aqvs. maSasadame, Tu Cven kidev gamovcemT axal bonebs, aramc Tu ar gaa­
niavebs finansiur kriziss, aramed xels Seuwyobs am kriziss, amitom
es miuRebelia. Cven gvWiria finansiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba
ara axal bonebis gamocemiT, aramed Cven unda SevqmnaT iseTi politi­
ka, rom es auarebeli bonebi, romelic ukve gamocemulia, daubrundes
ukan xazinas. me mgoni, mTeli sibrZne imaSi aris, rom rogor SeiZleba
amas Cven mivaRwioT. ai am saxelmwifos finansiur politikis erT mTa­
var debulebaT Cemis azriT, unda gaxdes Semdegi principi: maqsimumi
Semosavali da minimumi gasavali. Tu es ese ar iqneba, Cven katastro­
fas ver avcdebiT. samwuxarod CvenSi ase ki ar aris, piriqiT, CvenSi
sul sawinaaRmdego aris. Cven cxovrebaSi aris gatarebuli principi
minimumi Semosavali da maqsimumi gasavali.
marTalia, Cven vatarebT agredwodebul progresiul gadasaxa­
debis sistemas, magram samwuxarod es sistema mTeli Tavis simZimiT
awveba muSaTa da mSromelTa klass. mxolod rac Seexeba spekulian­
tebs, isini am kanonis gareSe rCebian. unda daumato, rom TviT akrefis
sistema da texnika CvenSi mowesrigebuli ar aris. aseTi mdgomareba
iqmneba: warmoidgineT, is, visac fuli aqvs, imaT ar undaT Semoita­
non xazinaSi da mxolod visac ara aqvT undaT, magram ar SeuZlianT
Semoitanon da amitom xazina rCeba ufulodo. (xma: ratom ar Semoi­
taneT Sesworeba?) Tqven kargad iciT ratom ar SemovitaneT. maSasa­
dame, raki amnairad araCveulebrivi pirobebi aris da raki araviTari
texnikuri aparati akrefisa da progresiul gadasaxadebis sistema am
Jamad ar gvaqvs, erTi saswrafo da radikaluri zoma am Jamad, rode­
sac fuli saWiroa, da am saWiroebas aravin ar gvityobs, iqneboda
Semdegi: Cven usaTuod unda davbegroT SeZlebuli klasi, unda davbe­
groT burJuazia, da es dabegvra unda moxdes rac SeiZleba saCqarod
da sagrZnoblad. es iqneba erTad erTi radikaluri zoma, romelsac

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Cven SegviZlian mivmarToT, da romlis gatareba SesaZlebelia. ram­
denadac gexsomebaT, iyo aseTi proeqti, mgoni safinanso komisiaSi,
romliTac unda daebegraT burJuazia, magram jer jerobiT es pro­
eqti arsad ar sCans. sasurvelia, rom proeqti, Tu es arsebobs sad­
me, warmodgenili iqnes damfuZnebel krebaSi. unda mogaxsenoT, rom
im saSinel mdgomareobaSi, romelSiac Cven vimyofebiT, im zRaprul
zrdas, romelsac ganicdis Cveni deficiti, saSinlad xels uwyobs
saxalxo qonebis, fulebis ganiavebis epidemia, romliTac daavadebu­
lia yoveli Cveni dawesebulebani _ dawyebili saministrodan da ga­
Tavebuli SeSis ubralo sawyobiT. samwuxarod, unda vaRiaro yvela
Cveni dawesebulebani, umaRlesidan umdablesamde, pirdapir gadai­
qcnen dRes saxalxo qonebis, saerTo saxalxo fulebis carcva-glejis
da gaflangvis namdvil budeT, CvenSi, rom arsebobdes namdvili kon­
troli, Cven Tamamad SegviZlian vsTqvaT, rom yvela dawesebulebaSi
aRmovaCenT am bunagebis mTel rigs. samwuxarod CvenSi ar arsebobs ar­
aviTri kontroli. kontroli aris qaRaldze, aris ufro fiqtiuri
vidre faqtiuri, radganac savsebiT umweo aris dRevandeli pirobebi.
mas ar SeuZlian savsebiT emsaxuros im mizans, romelic dakisrebuli
aqvs, Seasrulos is movaleoba, romelic mas mindobili aqvs.
amnairad, umweo aris, rom mas SeuZlian Seipyros patara qurdebi
da pasuxismgeblobaSi misces, magram rac Seexeba did qurdebs, is ver
gabedavs. Cvenis azriT vidre es mdgomareoba arsebobs, vidre grZel­
deba es gabneva saxalxo qonebisa, Cveni bonebis gamocema verafers ver
gviSvelis. maSasadame amas unda mieqces yuradReba da ara imas, rom
mainc da mainc axali bonebi gamovceT.
garda amisa Cveni qveyana cnobilia, rogorc ekonomiurad CamorCe­
nili qveyana, Tundac, rom axali fuli gamovceT, ara gvaqvs araviTari
realuri Rirebuleba, ara gvaqvs ekvivalenti. amas unda mieqces gan­
sakuTrebuli yuradReba. samwuxarod, Cven amas ver vxedavT, mTavroba
da mmarTveli partia amas angariSs ar uwevs.
Zvelad ebraelebi ambobdnen, _ mesia movao, magram mesia aRar iqm­
na, aRar movida, ise emarTebaT social-demokratebs, isini fiqroben,
burJuazia movao, is Cadgeba ekonomiur cxovrebis saTaveSi, gaanvi­
Tarebs warmoebis Zalebs, daagrovebs erovnul simdidres da rode­
sac is Sehqmnis, amas daepatroneba proletariatio. sinamdvileSi ase
ar xdeba. jer kidev burJuazia ar modis, da Tu modis burJuazia ar
aris dainteresebuli dRevandel pirobebSi _ gaaCaRos ekonomiuri
cxovreba. Cven unda mivyoT xeli koleqtiur saxalxo warmoebas: _
saxelmwifos, mTavrobis demokratiul organizaciebi, rogorc aris
TviTmmarTveloba, erobebi, rom Caerion aqtiurad ekonomiur cxov­
rebaSi, da warmarTon saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba axal geziT, axal
mimarTulebiT.
Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, es aris erTad-erTi saRi gza, amis gareSe xsna
ar aris da Tu ki es gza SevigneT, am gzas davadeqiT, maSin Cven aramc

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Tu ar dagvWirdeba axal bonebis gamocema, piriqiT, avicdenT im saSi­
nel kriziss, romelic Tavs dagvatyda.
am mosazrebis gamo Cveni fraqcia winaaRmdegia am bonis gamocemisa.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs Rlonts.
T. Rlonti. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno! mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos respub­
likis damoukidebloba gamocxadda, Cven Tamamad SegviZlian vsTqvaT,
rom erT did sakiTxis, agrarul sakiTxis gadaWris dros, mas parale­
lurad daukavSirda didi sakiTxi. Cven saSinao cxovrebis mogvarebi­
sTvis ueWvelad unda iyos Seqmnili finansiur politikis sakiTxic.
ase seriozulad, ase arsebiTad finansiuri sakiTxi da bonebis da fu­
lis gamocemis sakiTxi Cvens winaSe jer ar damdgara.
momxsenebelma, Tavis mokle ganmartebis dros, erTi friad sapasux­
ismgeblo debuleba wamoayena, romelic gamocxadebulia am dek­retis
erT-erT muxlad. es muxli Seicavs Semdeg debulebas: „saqarTvelos
respublikis bonebi uzrunvelyofilia saqarTvelos respublikis
mTeli qonebiT“. Tu Tqven yuradRebas miaqcevT am debulebis mTel
simZimes da sirTules, TqvenTvis aSkara iqneba, rom dRemdis Cven ar
gamogvicia aseTi didi dekreti, an kanoni, romelsac aseTi didi ga­
rantia, _ mTeli saqarTvelos qoneba, _ hqonoda safuZvlad dadebuli.
amnairad, am mxriv es sakiTxi metad didi mniSvnelobisaa, magram
garda amisa, is roli, romlis TamaSi SeuZlian bonas sazogadod da
fuls kerZod, es roli ufro didia, vidre es pasuxismgebloba.
me minda oriode azri gamovsTqva am bonis axlandel mdgomareo­
bazed da mis momavalzed, agreTve gamovsTqva social-demokratiis
fraqciis principialuri damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi. upirveles
yovlisa unda aRvniSno Semdegi: gasul wels, rodesac amier-kavkasi­
is bonebi gamoveciT, im dros Cveni fraqcia iziarebda azrs, rom ma­
Sin gamogveca qarTuli bona. Cven viTvaliswinebdiT im marTal konk­
retiul pirobebs, romelSiac Cven da amier-kavkasiis respublikebic
imyofebodnen, da im obieqtiur konkretiul pirobebis mixedviT Cven
saWirod migvaCnda qarTul bonebis gamocema. am xnis ganmavlobaSi Cve­
ni azri am sakiTxis Sesaxeb mxolod im mxriv Seicvala, rom saWiroeba
qarTuli bonebisa SevcvaleT saWiroebiT qarTuli fulisa. Cven vam­
tkicebT, rom Tu Cven mivcemT bonas im did garantias, romelic aris
aRniSnuli mesame muxlSi: „saqarTvelos respublikis bona uzrunve­
lyofilia saqarTvelos respublikis mTel qonebiT“, Tu Cven am garan­
tias daudebT safuZvlad, da gaviTvaliswinebT am debulebis iurid­
iul da formalur mniSvnelobas, maSin unda dagveTanxmoT imaSi, rom
dro aris vizrunoT ara bonis gamocemisTvis, aramed qarTul fulis
gamocemisTvis. magram me mainc oriode mosazrebas gamovsTqvam TviT
bonebis Sesaxeb.
darwmunebiT SemiZlian vsTqva, rom saqarTvelos damoukideblo­
bis gamocxadebis Semdeg, rac Cven vacxadebT qarTul bonis aucileblo­
bas, es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni social-demokratia aRar iqneba arc qar­

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Tul fulis winaaRmdegi. rasakvirvelia, Cven aravis brals ar vdebT,
rom romelime jgufi damfuZnebel krebisa, iyos winaaRmdegi qar­
Tuli fulisa, magram sakiTxi sdgas ufro praqtikulad. yvela dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevrs, romelic Cven zogad da martiv debulebas ar
gaiziarebs, SeuZlian gviTxras, rom qarTuli fulis didi momxreni
varT, mxolod dRes praqtikulad respublikas arseboba ar SeuZlian
Tu fuli da fulis surogatebi ar iSova. agreTve organizaciis Seqm­
nis dro aRar aris. Cveni gardamavali xana moiTxovs, rom dRes uTuod
gvqondes fuli. TiTon sakiTxis ase dayeneba ueWvelia, amas ara mar­
to fraqciis wevrebi ganacxadeben, SeiZleba saministros romelime
wevrmac ganacxados. amis Sesaxeb unda vsTqvaT, SeuZlebelia yovelT­
vis ase anazdeulad TiTo faqtis winaSe damfuZnebel krebis dayene­
ba. aq ganmartebebSi aris erTi debuleba, romelic ambobs, rom sanam
am sakiTxs aq Semoitandnen, mas uZRoda didi xnis winaswari muSaoba.
azrTa gacvla-gamocvla. saqme imaSi mdgomareobs, rom azerbaijanis
mTavroba moiTxovs Cvengan, rom es emisiis sakiTxi dabolovebulaT
CavTvaloT. Cven gvinda SeTanxmeba nawilobrivi gansazRvruli; es naw­
ilobrivi Cven davicviT, gavanaRdeT, mxolod aris sazRvari, romlis
Semdeg am emisiis monawileobas Cven ver miviRebT.
azerbaijans aqvs Tavisi politika, Tavisi miznebi, nabijebi, im
politikur miznebs ar Sevexebi, magram mas aqvs agreTve finansiuri
ekonomiur xasiaTis safuZveli, es nabijebi imave dros iseTive safuZ­
vliani aris Cven respublikisTvis, rogorc safuZvliani iyo azerbai­
janis mTavrobisTvis. azerbaijanis mTavroba ambobs, rom SeuZleblad
migvaCnia mag., somxeTs mivceT bona, imitom, rom es saxelmwifo aravi­
Tar aseT realur Rirebulebas ar warmoadgens, romlis mixedviT Cven
SegviZlian erTi mesamedi, Tu ginda mcire nawili vidre erTi mesamedi
vaZlioTo. saerTod am debulebis dros ueWvelad Cven, da kerZod me,
am SemTxvevaSi savsebiT unda gaviziaroT azerbaijanis finansiuri da
ekonomiuri mosazreba.
Cven SegviZlian vTqvaT, somxeTis finansiuri kombinaciebis daSve­
ba, es aris pirdapir im bonebis umniSvnelo dacema. es imas niSnavs, rom
es realuri safuZveli, romelic aqvs saqarTvelos da azerbaijans
cxovrebaSi amier-kavkasiis boni, es realuri sfuZveli Seumcirdeba
bonas, imitom, rom bolos da bolos Tqven xedavT, rom amier-kavkasiis
bonis fasi imisdamixedviT trialebs, iweva maRla Tu qveiT, Tu rogor
xdeba saqonlis gatan-gamotana. maSin, rodesac xelSekruloba davdeT
inglisTan WiaTuris Savi qvis mrewvelobis produqtebze, maSin Cveni
bonis fasi Seicvala ukeTesad. maSinve ukve vgrZnobdiT, rom amier-ka­
vkasiis bonis kursSi raRac cvlileba moxda. isic gavigeT, rom ami­
er-kavkasiis bonas imdens aRar moiTxoven rusul fulebze gadaxur­
davebas, rogorc winaT moiTxovdnen. ubralo xelSekruloba axdens
gavlenas am bonis Rirebulobazed. marto is faqti imas gvarwmunebs,
rom fasi am bonebisa imdenad mZlavria, imdenad maRalia maSin, ramde­

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nad Cveni seriozul savaWro kombinaciebs vawarmoebT, ramdenad Cveni
politikuri Zala Segvwevs.
Cven gvaqvs sakmarisi cnobebi imisa, rom saqarTvelos SeuZlian,
normalur pirobebis dros, aqtiuri savaWro balansis Seqmna, aqti­
ur savaWro politikis warmoeba. da ar SeuZlian iseTive savaWro
politikis warmoeba somxeTs. ramdenadac vamagrebT da vaRonierebT
amier-kavkasiis bonebs, imdenad vasustebT somxeTs, rom am fuliT va­
ZlevT, aqedan am debulebidan Semdegi mosazreba unda iqnes loRiku­
rad gamotanili. madloba RmerTs, rom aseT ara sasurvel kombina­
ciebs Tavs vanebebT da viwyebT qarTul bonis gamocemas.
Cven saqarTvelos bonebis interesis TvalsazrisiT unda SevexoT
ueWvelaT am bonis mdgomareobas, radganac moxsenebelis umTavresi
motivi is aris, rom Tu amas miviRebT savsebiT, _ samagieroT, miRe­
buli aris sxva debulebebi am dekretisa da gansakuTrebiT erTi, _
meoTxe muxli, romlis azridac Cven qarTul bons mTeli Cveni qonebiT
uzrunvelvyobT, magram paralelurad im dros, am Cven fulTan er­
Tad gasavali eqneba, rogorc amier-kavkasiis bonebs, ise rusul fu­
lis niSnebs. yovel movaWris interesi iqneba mas hqondes iseTi fuli,
romelsac gasavali eqneba ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed somxeTSi,
aderbeijanSi, ruseTis imperiis yovel nawilSi da sxva. ra intere­
si unda hqondes ucxoel vaWars, an da Tu gindaT, saqarTvelos ro­
melime vaWars, SeiZinos qarTuli bona maSin, rodesac SeuZlian SeiZ­
inos mTel ruseTis teritoriis farglebSi gasavali niSani. ukeTesi
iqneba yovel adamianisTvis, yovel vaWrisTvis man daiWiros xelSi ni­
kolozis, an kerenskis fuli, vinaidan is yvelgan wava, mas ar dasWir­
deba bankSi es fuli daaxurdaos. ruseTis fuls gasavali aqvs yvel­
gan. Cven gvinda SevqmnaT pasuxismgebloba mTeli qonebiT Cveni bonis
winaSe da amave dros mas vayenebT iseT ara privilegiur mdgomareo­
baSi, rom gasavals vaZlevT sxva qveynis fuls maSin, rodesac Cven
fuls sxva qveynebSi, TviT am niSnebis qveynebSi araviTari gasavali
ara aqvs. eqneba Tu ara samagieroT gasavali qarTul fuls ruseTSi,
maSin, rodesac ruseTis yvela nawilis fuls gasavali eqneba CvenSi.
me SemiZlia xazgasmiT vTqva, rom es aris Cveni bonebis katastrofi­
ul mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba. upiratesobis mdgomareobaSia Cayenebu­
li ara marto ruseTis niSnebi, iseTive upiratesobis mdgomareobaSi
aris Cayenebuli aderbeijanis, amier-kavkasiis bonebi, iseTive mdgo­
mareobaSi aris Cayenebuli ucxoeTis yvela fuli. mxolod imitom
aRvnusxav am debulebas, rom ar aris dedamiwis zurgze arc erTi
didi, an patara saxelmwifo, romlis bonas Cven ar vRebulobT, magram
romelic Cven bonebs iseTive maspinZlobas uwevdes. aseTi ara nor­
maluri, aseTi uTanasworo mdgomareobis Seqmna Cven bonebisTvis, _
Cven migvaCnia pirdapir damRupvelad. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom fi­
nansTa saministros Semoqmedeba finansiur dargSi unda amoiwuros
imave faqtebiT, imave magaliTebiT, romelmac aRZra amier-kavkasiis

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bonis Semoqmedeba, da Tu ki Cven davaxasiaTebT an saministros poli­
tikas, marto amier-kavkasiis bonebis muSaobis TvalsazrisiT, maSin
davinaxavT, rom Cven bonebsac iseTive gasavali darCeba, iseTive bedi
moeweva, rogoric ewvia am bonebs.
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom, magaliTad, CvenTvis saWiro bazarze,
stambolSi, amier-kavkasiis bonebs araviTari gasvali ara aqvs, ar qon­
da gasavali imave dros sxva amier-kavkasiis respublikebSi.
ar SegviZlian kidev ar mivaqcioT Tqveni yuradReba am bonebis
uzrunvelyofis sakiTxze. ueWvelia, batoni finansTa ministri aq
mogviyvans magaliTebs, rom sxva saxelmwifoebSi iseTive garantiebs
aZleven Tavis axal niSnebs, magram, me mgoni, rom aseTi garantia, _
saxelmwifos mTeli qonebis garantia, _ aqvs mxolod fuls, da aravi­
Tar SemTxvevaSi, bonas. amnairad, ramdenadac saxelmwifos finansebi
ekonomiurad uzrunvelyofili ar iqneba, imdenad saxelmwifo Tav­
is niSnebs, romlebsac am procesSi gamoscems, is yovelTvis aSorebs
aseT niSnebs uzrunvelyofas. Cven ki, rodesac xelSi gviWiravs ami­
er-kavkasiis bona, romelic Zalian dacemulia, vcemT dRes kidev axal
bonas da am bonas ki vaZlevT did garantias, fulis udides garantias
_ saxelmwifos „mTel qonebiT“. es imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yovelTvis
oqros raodenoba saxelmwifoSi gansazRvruli aris da am propor­
ciiT aris qaRaldis fuli, da rodesac Tqven axal qaRaldis fuls
scemT, mas scemT oqros raodenobis mixedviT. oqros mixedviT unda
dafasdes mTeli Cveni qoneba. oc maneTian bonas da ormoc maneTians,
ar aweria, ar ewera is maSin, rodesac Cven amier-kavkasiis bonebi
gamoveciT; amas didi ekonomiuri da finansiur azri aqvs. roca gam­
oveciT ar ewera arc oqro, arc saxelmwifos qoneba; es, marTla boni
aris, am sityvis namdvil mniSvnelobiT. maSin, rodesac Cven dacemul
fuls is aZlevs aseT did garantias da iRebs did valdebulebas, Cven
imis winaaRmdeg ar varT, rom bonas mivceT didi garantia, rom Cven
mivceT garantia fuls, roca gamovcemT; mxolod erTi ram unda vTq­
va. rodesac es Cveni fulis bonis sakiTxi daecema, _ da, rom daecema
winaswar debuleba Cven gvaqvs, _ yovelTvis ucxo saxelmwifo gve­
tyvis: mTeli Tqveni qoneba unda davafasoT, ai xe-tye iqneba, Zvirfasi
mamulebi iqneba, Tu rkinis gza, imdenad, ramdenadac Rirs Cveni boni
da aseT dros, aseT pirobebSi bonis gamocema da bonebis pasuxismge­
blobis micema, es pirdapir sazaraloa. amgvarad aris yvelgan, da
kargi iqneba, rom finansTa ministrma dagvanaxos iseTi fuli, romel­
zedac iqneba aseTi warwera. Cven moviTxovT, rom finansTa ministr­
ma dagvanaxos, ra aris Cveni praqtikuli azri; rodesac aq eserebis
warmomadgenlebi laparakobda, maSin adgilidan gaisma xma „Tqveni
azri gamoTqviTo. Cvenc ueWvelaT amas gvetyviT, da Cvenc gvaqvs sa­
kuTari azri, da Tu gamovcemT bonas, romelsac aseTi pasuxismgeblo­
ba eqneba safuZvlad dadebuli _ maSin Cveni moTxovnileba aris, rom
pirveladve likvidacis uyoT yvela im niSnebs, romelic Cven mier ar

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aris gamocemuli. Cven unda uyoT likvidacia amier-kavkasiis bonebs,
amier-kavkasiis bonebs likvidacis SeiZleba uyoT, imitom, rom rode­
sac amier-kavkasiis bonebs Cven vcemdiT, Cven erTi debuleba gvqonda
gatarebuli, am bonebis gamocemis dros amdeni da amdeni bonebis pa­
suxismgebloba gveqneba da danarCen pasuxismgeblobas Cven ver vikis­
rebT. _ ekonomiuri azri is iyo, rom Tu vinicobaa dadgeba momenti,
rom romelime Tanxis pasuxismgebloba Cven dagvekisreba _ da exla
dadga aseTi momenti, _ rom aseTi emisiis gamocema CvenTvis saWiro
ar aris, ueWvelad Cven exla amier-kavkasiis boni unda gavauqmoT, re­
aluri Rirebuleba saqonlisa, an bonebis upiratesoba saqarTveloSi
unda hqondes savsebiT qarTul bons. xolo vidre normaluri mdgo­
mareoba ar Segviqmnia, vidre Cven is cocxali Zalebi, romelic moi­
poeba CvenSi, ar SegvimuSavebia, manamdisin Cven ver miviRebT sakuTar
fuls. mxolod maSin SeiZleba sakuTari fulis gamocema ise, rom am
fulis gamotana SeiZlebodes sayovelTo birJaze, manamdisin gamoce­
ma da pasuxismgebloba mTel qveynis bonebiT ar SegviZlian.
maSasadame, Cven ueWvelad gvmarTebs, romelime did finansiur ev­
ropiul saxelmwifosTan raime kontaqti daviWiroT, rom mivceT ga­
rantia, swored nawili im garantiisa, romelsac Tqven aZlevT saqa­
rTvelos bonebis gamocemiT, rom ucxo finansiuri Zalis daxmarebiT
Cven SevqmnaT romelime dargis muSaoba da ekonomiur cxovrebis
ganviTareba. radganac Cven sakiTxs ase vayenebT, Cven gvetyvin: Tqven
politikaze laparakobT, did politikisTvis Cven ar gvcalian, Cven
winaSe aris anarqia, omi, aTasgvari ubedureba. es xom dekreti aris
da ara kanon-proeqti, romelic moiTxovs seriozul damuSavebas; Cven
gvWiria fuli da am dekretis mixedviT Cven SegviZlian gamovceT niS­
nebi, rogorc sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebi scemen. dRes aris warmod­
genili dekreti, roca kanoni iqneba warmodgenili, Tqven SegiZlianT
ilaparakoT magaze; rodesac aris laparaki programaze, ekonomi­
ur politikaze; me ki mgonia, Cven SegveZlo ufro adre gvefiqrna am
sakiTxze, vidre exla. da Cven davinaxeT damfuZnebel krebaSi nimuSebi
(xma: niSnebi!) es aris niSnebi, rasakvirvelia, es ese ar aris pativce­
mulo moqalaqe arseniZe, imisTvis, rom, rodesac es sakiTxi swydeba,
saWiro aris ufro adre fiqri, saWiro aris ufro adre praqtikuli
zomebis miReba. iqneba arsebiTi didi gansxvaveba, araviTari arsebi­
Ti gansxvaveba ar aris bonebis da fulis Soris, maSin, rodesac pasux­
ismgebloba arsebobs. maSin araviTari gansxvaveba ar aris, da maSin
zedmetaT migvaCnia axali gamocema bonebisa; Cven unda gamovceT qa­
rTuli fuli. qarTul fulis gamocemis dros Cven unda movaxdinoT
devalvacia, yvela im niSnebisa, romelic gamocemuli iyo da arc erT
fuls gasavali ar eqneba CvenSi manam, sanam ar eqneba sxva fulisTana
gasavali Cven fulsac ese igi ar eqneba ekvivalenti, principi Tanaswo­
robisa. aq ityvian, rom fuls scemT, magram mas Tan axlavs liTonio. me
im azrisa var, rom SegviZlian saqonlis valiutis Seqmna da es iqneba

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liTonze ufro meti garantia, es iqneba brWyviala liTonze meti ga­
rantia, Cven araviTar kavSirs ar vsdebT fulis da liTonis Soris,
Cven ukavSirebT qaRaldis fuls saqonlis valiutas, romlis Seqmna
Cven SegviZlian. ai, dRes, Tu gaiTvaliswinebT Cven winaSe mdgom ucxo
saxelmwifoebis inetresebs da maT moTxovnilebas, Cven SegviZlian
vsTqvaT, rom Cven gvaqvs mTeli rigi saqonlisa, romelic sainteresoa
am ucxo saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romelTac SeuZlia TavianTi valiuta
gadmogvces. italias Zalian sWiria, damSeulia xe-tyis masalis uqon­
lobis gamo. es erTad-erTi nawarmoebi ar aris, romlis daTmoba Cven
SegviZlian da, romliTac SeiZleba ganvamtkicoT Cveni saqonlis va­
liuta. aviRoT Tunda parki. Cven gvaqvs xmeli parki, romelsac bada­
li ara aqvs ucxoeTSi. ueWvelia, dRes am ekonomiur dacemis dros ar
mogvepoveba imdeni, magram, mogvepoveba 7-8 aTasi axali, maSasadame,
ZvelianaT, 20 aTasi fuTi SeiZleba mogvepovos es parki. garda amisa
gavzidavdiT sxva saxelmwifoebisTvis yovel wliurad 150, 200 aTas
fuT matyls, marTalia, am Jamad ar mogvepoveba imdeni saqoneli, ma­
gram yovel SemTxvevaSi, matyli mogvepoveba Cven respublikaSi daax­
lovebiT 40-50 aTas fuTamdis.
magram, me mgonia 40-50 aTasi fuTi Zvelis da axal matylis
mogroveba SeuZlian Cvens respublikas. me ar mogaxsenebT mTel rig
simdidrezed, romelic Cven mogvepoveba, romelsac xels ar vaxlebT
Cveulebriv, romelic gamouyenebeli aris: Cveni mTebi, Cveni mad­
nebi, me ar vlaparakob WiaTuraze, ar vlaparakob tyibulze, rome­
lic CvenTvis did mniSvnelovani aris, Cven ar vlaparakobT wyleb­
ze, Cven ar vlaparakobT Rvinoze, Cven ar vlaparakobT Tambaqozed,
Cven ar vlaparakobT Rvinis produqtebzed, romelic Cven gvaqvs. es
is produqtebia, romelic Zvirfasia evropisTvis, da Cven normalur
pirobebSi SegviZlian aqtiur savaWro balansis warmoeba. es balansi,
anda savaWro valiutis Seqmna, warmoadgens im bazas, romlis mixed­
viT SeuZlian iarsebos Cven fuls da bonas. exla mxolod Cven, rom
gamovceT qarTuli fuli, mTavroba dagvitrialebs imas, rac aklia
ekonomiur Semoqmedebas am danaklisTan da kidev meore danaklisis
Sesworeba dagvWirdeba. am ori xarjisTvis am sesxs unda mivmarToT
da es unda iyos is safuZveli, romelic Seswevs Cven bonis simZlavres.
amnairad, rom davskvnaT Cveni mosazreba am fulebis gamocemis Sesax­
eb, Cven moviTxovT am pasuxismgeblobis dros, ueWvelad qarTuli fu­
lis gamocemas da pauxismgebloba aq ueWvelad iqnes daculi, ueWve­
lad gauqmdes meoTxe muxli, romelic imave uflebas aZlevs, rogorc
amier-kavkasiis bonas, rogorc rusul fuls, imave uflebas aZlevs,
romelic aqvs Cven fulis surogats, qarTul droebiT fuls.
mesame muxlis moSlasTan erTad unda amoiSalos meoTxe muxlic.
Tu ki Cven gvinda qarTuli bonis gamocema, Tu ki Cven ufro serio­
zul zomas miviRebT, finansiur reformas gavatarebT, is unda dauka­
vSiroT Cven qveynis saSinao politikas, an saSinao politikis Secvlas

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demokratizmis da socializmis sasargeblod. imave dros unda gaim­
arTos molaparakeba ucxo saxelmwifoebTan sesxebis da sazogadod
saeqsploatacio muSaobis gasaZliereblad. rac Seexeba raime lapa­
raks, gind bonebzed, gind fulzed, maSin Tu ki Cven erTgvar katego­
riul zomas ar miviRebT muSaobis gasaZliereblad, arc erT dargSi,
Cven SegviZlian Tamamad vsTqvaT, rom arc erT dargSi muSaoba im tem­
piT ar iwarmoebs, rogorc unda swarmoebdes Cveulebriv dros. yvela
politikaze laparakobs, yvelani politikosoben da yovlad SeuZle­
belia, rom 4-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi mTeli qveyana iyos marto qveyana
politikosebisa. da aseTi damokidebuleba politikisadmi ueWvelad
gaanadgurebs Cven qveyanas. Zalian sastiki zomebi, rom miviRoT Cven
yovelgvar dargSi, _ me sasixarulod damrCeboda, rom Cven ministrebs
usastikesi zomebi mieRoT, rom dazgasTan muSaobis dros aukrZalon
es zedmeti laparaki politikazed da socializmzed, imitom, rom
CvenSi am Jamad saWiro aris ueWvelad dazgasTan an ToxTan yofnis
dros saqmis keTeba da rac SeiZleba naklebi laparaki politikaze
da... (TevzaZe: ra SuaSia!) is SuaSia, rom es erovnuli simdidrea, ro­
melsac ase advilad arigebs pativcemuli damfuZnebeli krebis wevri
b. TevzaZe, rom es simdidre unda gavamravloT da ara gavaniavoT, rac
Cven xelSi moipoveba. Tu gansakuTrebuli zomebi ar miviReT, Tu gan­
sakuTrebuli RonisZieba ar miviReT, maSin Cven erovnul simdidres
ver SevqmniT.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cveni Sromis nayofiereba da saqarTvelos
siZliere proporcionalur damokidebulebaSi arian erTi meoresa­
gan. Cven gavaZlierebT Sromis nayofierebas, gavaZlierebT saqarTve­
los politikas da gavaZlierebT Cvens finansebsac. es aris anbani, ro­
gorc ekonomiur mecnierebaSi, ise politikur mecnierebaSi. am anbans
savsebiT veyrdnobiT, imitom, rom misi daviwyeba aravisTvis mosawoni
ar unda iyos. amnairad Cven gadavdivarT qarTul bonebis mosazre­
bidan, qarTul fulis mosazrebazed, qarTuli fulis gamocemis az­
rze im obieqtiur cvlilebis dros, romelsac Cven aq moviTxovT. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom yvela es debuleba, Cven mier warmodegnili, ramden­
adme moaxerxebs dacvas Cveni saxelmwifos prestiJisas, Cveni fulebis
prestiJisas. is kanonproeqti ki qarTuli fulis sakiTxs Soreul
yuTSi gadasdebs.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis finansTa ministrs.

finansTa ministris konstantine kandelakis sityva.

batonebo, me ar vici ramdenad xels Seuwyobs zogierTi aq war­

moTqmuli usamarTlo Sexedulebani im bonebis Rirebulebaze, rom­
lis Sesaxeb aq gamosuli oratorni TiTqos Zlier zrunaven, _ ami­
tom me iZulebuli var maT naTqvams pasuxi gavce. upirveles yovlisa,

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orive oratorma, gansakuTrebiT ki pirvelma, xaz gasmiT aRniSnes,
Cven aseT did sakiTxis gamo faqtis winaSe dagvayeneso. Tqven kargad
mogexsenebaT, rom sakiTxi fulis niSnis Sesaxeb daiwyo jer kidev Sar­
San, TiTqmis 27 maisidanve; maSin iyo laparaki, rom Cven SegviZlian
gamovceT sakuTari fulio, sakuTari boni saqarTvelosi, magram ma­
Sin didi kamaTis Semdeg gavCerdiT amier-kavkasiis bonebzed. Semdeg,
TiTqos yovelTvis, rodesac Cven axal emisiis sakiTxi gvidgeboda, es
sakiTxi dasmoda xolme, magram yovelTvis im daskvnamdis mivsulvarT,
rom sxva ukeTesi gamosavali ar iyo.
xolo rodesac erTi monawile am saerTo amier-kavkasiis bonisa
ar gaxda Tanaxma imis, rom gagrZelebuliyo saerTo emisia, es sakiTxi
gavarCieT, rogorc aq, _ maSin arsebobda parlamenti, _ ise safinanso
komisiaSi da didi mofiqrebis Semdeg kanonic iyo amis Sesaxeb miRe­
buli; magram mTavroba mainc xelmZRvanelobda im ZiriTad mosazre­
biT, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda igi dRidan Cveni damoukideblobis
gamocxadebisa am sagnis Sesaxeb, ese igi, Tu mosaxerxebeli iqneboda,
sanam Cveni sakuTari fuli ar gvaqvs, darCeniliyo amier-kavkasiis
boni. saqonlis trialisTvis, aReb-micemobis gaadvilebisTvis, ekono­
miur da finansiur daaxloebisaTvis aucileblad saWirod miaCnda
mTavrobas, rom Cven, amierkavkasiis respublikebs, romelnic sazoga­
doebrivobiT, politikuraT da ekonomiuraT daaxlovebiT erTnair
pirobebSi vimyofebiT, _ gvqonoda SeZleba, rom is erToba, romelic
fulis trialis sferoSi iyo, yovel SemTxvevaSi darCeniliyo manam­
dis, sanam Cveni mdgomareoba ufro ar gamoirkveoda, sanam ar Seiqnebo­
da iseTi pirobebi, rodesac Cven SegveZlo Segveqmna namdvili valiu­
ta da sakuTari fuli. amitom mTavrobas parlamentis dadgenilebiT
dRemdis ar usargeblnia; axla ki aRara gvaqvs imedi SeTanxmebisa axlo
momavalSi, ufuloT darCena ki ar SeiZleba da erTxel ukve miRebuli
kanoni kvlav Tqven warmogidgineT.
batonma Sengelaiam isargebla sityviT, rom sazogadod Sexeboda
Cven ekonomiur da finansiur politikas, Cven biujets, da ise daay­
ena sakiTxi, rom damfuZnebel krebam ar unda mogvces emisiis ufle­
ba, radgan sazogadod, fulis niSnebi blomad aris gamocemuli.
marTalia, rom Cveni biujeti Zalian didi aris, marTalia isic, rom
biujeti izrdeba, magram rodesac Cven biujets ganvixilavT, rasak­
virvelia, amis Sesaxeb maSinac gveqneba laparaki. Tu sazogadod im
pirobebs, romelSiac Cven vimyofebiT, romelSiac Cven saxelmwifos
uxdeba moqmedeba, unda gaewios angariSi da amasTanave gadavxedavT
Cvenzed ufro momwifebul da Ronier saxelmwifoebsac, davinaxavT,
rom maT aseTsave pirobebSi uxdebodaT gacilebiT zedmet emisiiT
sargebloba; yovel saxelmwifos istoriul msvlelobaSi SexvedriaT
iseT pirobebSi cxovreba, rodesac garemoebis, obieqtur pirobebis
mixedviT, ar SesZlebia Seqmna sakmaris Rirebulebisa, da miumarTvs im
sabeWdav manqanisaTvis, romelsac Cvenc iZulebuli varT mivmarToT.

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 bevrjel Tqmula da axlac gveubnebian, rom gadasaxadebi ufro
unda gavadidoT da ise gavaZlieroT aparati, rom gadasaxadebi blo­
mad Semoitanoso. marTalia, WeSmaritebaa; Tu saxelmwifo Tavis Semo­
savliT ver faravs Tavis gasavals, maSin igi umweo mdgomareobaSia;
magram laparaki marto imazed, rom TiTos Cven SegveZlos davadoT
axali gadasaxadi burJuazias da mxolod amiT davfaroT Cveni xarji,
Seuwynarebelia, imitom, rom es wre, egredwodebuli burJuazia, wre
SeZlebulTa klasisa, CvenSi ar aris amdenad didi; Cveni qveyana mi­
wad-mflobelobis qveyanaa da, samwuxarod, Cveni gadasaxadebis siste­
ma ar SeiZleba burJuaziazed davamyaroT. radgan xSirad imeoreben
burJuaziis dabegvras, rasac TiTqos Cven veridebodeT. me minda vis­
argeblo erTi cnobiT, romelic xelT maqvs da imis mixedviT gavarkvio,
SegviZlian Tu ara marTla gavadidoT is gadasaxadi, romelic dRes
arsebobs. me mogagonebT, rom arsebuli gadasaxadi Cven ukve gavadi­
deT da pirdapiri gadasaxadi Cven avwieT, ramdenadac SeiZleboda; ma­
gram maSin me aq ar gamigonia laparaki, rom es cota aris, kidev avwio­
To; piriqiT maSin winaaRmdegi laparakic ismoda: didi gadasaxadebiT
Cven SegviZlian CavklaT mrewvelobao. marTlac, ramdens vaxdevinebT
exla vaWroba-mrewvelobaze? Tu aviRebT iseT dargs, rogoric aris,
magaliTad, sastumroebi, Cven davinaxavT Semdegs: (kiTxulobs) ai
erTi tfilisis sastumro, romelsac milion oras aTas man. warmoeba
hqonia SarSan da mogeba 420.000 man., ixdis cxra sxva da sxva gvar ga­
dasaxads (ZiriTadi sarewavo, damatebiTi, Semosavlis kvalobaze, qa­
laqis, zedmet mogebis da sxv.) sul 254,554 man., ese igi mogebis 60,6%.
aviRoT erTi kinematografi: warmoeba hqonia SarSan 357.300 man., wmin­
da mogeba 167.280 man., gadasaxadi uwevs 81,248 man., e.i. 49 proc. erTi
puris savaWroc aviRoT: warmoeba hqonia SarSan 650 aTasi man., mogeba
97.500 man., unda gadaixados 38467 man., e.i. 39,36 proc. gekiTxebiT, es
aris mcire gadasaxadi?
rasakvirvelia, Cven gadasaxadebis sistemas gaurbis mravali, ro­
melic ver iqneba daWerili, rogorc obieqti gadasaxadebisa. es aris
auarebeli spekuliantebi, romelTac SeuZlianT aCvenon Semosavlis
minimumi, xolo ara legalurad gacilebiT met Semosavals iReben,
vidre aRricxuli aris kanonis mixedviT. dRevandel piroebebSi,
rodesac igi ar aris erT adgilze dabinadrebuli, rodesac ar eweva
erTi saxis vaWrobas, yovlad SeuZlebelia spekuliantis Semosavlis
aRricxva da am garemoebis mospoba. rasakvirvelia, amiT Cven ar gvin­
da Tqma imisa, rom is TiTqos ar unda davbegroT. piriqiT Cven yovel
RonisZiebas vRebulobT, rom rac SiZleba ufro gamovZebnoT maTi Se­
mosavalic, magram TviT moqmedeba spekuliantebis iseTi aris, rom isi­
ni advilaT gaurbian gadasaxads, maT SeZleba aqvT aicilon Tavidan
gadasaxadi, romelic gulixmobs kanonier da Cveulebriv wesiT vaWro­
bas. rasakvirvelia, saWiroa miviRoT yoveli zoma gadasaxadebis ga­
sadideblad, magram vaWroba-mrewvelobaze gadasaxadebis gasadideb­

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lad saWiroa, rom Cvens vaWroba-mrewvelobas hqondes saxe legalur
vaWroba-mrewvelobisa da ara spekuliaciis, qurdulad vaWrobis.
dRes kidev arsebobs CvenSi nasaxi legalur vaWrobisa da imasac Tu
gadasaxadebis kidev momatebiT sul wavarTviT mogebis saSuale­
ba, isinic ara legalur vaWrobis saSualebas mimarTaven da maSin im
gadasaxadebsac avcildebiT, rasac axla viRebT. xarjebi izrdeba,
aseTia obieqturi pirobebi; am pirobebs aramc Tu mTavroba iZule­
bulia gauwios angariSi, me SemiZlian moviyvano mTeli rigi kanon-
debulebiT gayvanil proeqtebisa, rodesac mTavrobas Sexeduloba da
gadawyvetileba xarjis Sesaxeb damfuZnebel krebas ufro gaudidebia,
albad imitom, rom TiTon xedavda am saWiroebis aucileblobas.
exla me msurs arsebiTad Sevexo im kiTxvas, romelic Seexeba qar­
Tul bonebis gamocemis saqmes.
upirveles yovlisa, aq iyo naTqvami, rom Tu Cven dasaxelebul
pirobebs SevitanT bonebis gamocemis saqmeSi, is iqneba igive qarTuli
fuli, da Tu asea, risTvis ar SeudgebiT exlave qarTuli fulis ga­
mocemaso. „me metyvian“, _ ambobs b. Rlonti, _ „imisTvis ar vfiqrobT
exla fulis gamocemazed, rom fuli aucileblad brWyviala oqrozed
unda eyrdnobodes“-o. ara, me amas ar mogaxsenebT, ar mogaxsenebT imi­
tom, rom dRes-dReobiT, samwuxarod, fulis niSnebi oqrozed sazo­
gadod ar xurdavdeba; ar aris saxelmwifo, romlis fuli exla eyrd­
nobodes oqros, garda erTi-ori gamonaklisisa. magram, rodesac b.
Rlonti miyenebs amasTanave axal Teorias da SesaZleblad scnobs am
Teoriis mixedviT Cveni sakuTari fulis gamoSvebas, Tu marqsistul
SexedulebiT ar vixelmZRvanelebT am sakiTxSi, unda movaxseno Semde­
gi: dRes, rodesac mTeli dedamiwis finansistebi fiqroben valiutis
sakiTxze, roca ar aris did finansistebSiac garkveuli azri, nu Tu
SesaZleblad miaCnia, marTla, pirveli eqsperimentebis daSveba CvenSi
da iseT TeoriebiT xelmZRvaneloba, romelic sxvebs ar gamoucdia da
es maSin, roca igive b. Rlonti sxva, SedarebiT ufro patara, kiTxvis
gamo magaliTebsa da sabuTebs mTxovs. igi meubneba uCveno, magaliTad,
mas iseTi fuli, sadac iseTi war­wera iqneba pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb
aRniSnuli, rogorc Cvens fulze.
valiutis sakiTxi Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT. dRes metad rTuli
sakiT­xia. me mjera, SeiZleba oqrodan da saqonlidan gadavideT sxva
principzed fulis safuZvlad, magram is saxelmwifo, romelsac saer­
TaSoriso cnobac ara aqvs, am sakiTxs ver gadaswyvets.
fulis sakiTxi, valiutis sakiTxi, metad mwvave sakiTxia Cvenze
gacilebiT ufro did saxelmwifoebisTvis da aseTi sakiTxi eqsprom­
tiT ver gadaswydeba.
aris saqoneli, _ mTeli rigi saqonlisa dagvisaxela b.-ma Rlont­
ma, _ romelic SeiZleba daudvaT safuZvlad fulis niSnebs. Cven am
saqonlis garantiiT banknots gamovcemT. magram dRevandel pirobeb­
Si, rodesac ase diddeba biujeti, obieqtur pirobebis mixedviT,

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(SeiZleba ara finansTa ministris surviliT). banknots ra mniSvne­
loba aqvs? rodesac xarjebi Seufereblad izrdeba am banknotsac
xom fasi daekargeba. SesaZlebelia mas dRes namdvili Rirebuleba
eqnes, xval ki igi aseT Rirebulebas sruliad dakargavs. da swored
amitom vfiqrobT, am gardamaval xanaSi, roca saxelmwifo xarjeb­
is gamo fuls Tavisi daniSnuleba da fasi ekargeba, sjobs boni gam­
ovsceT, romelsac droebiTi xasiaTi aqvs da romelic kanoniT moispo­
ba saqarTvelos namdvili fulis gamocemis Semdeg. is fuli, romelsac
b. Rlonti ukavSirebs devalvacias, swored im dros unda gamovides,
rodesac mosaxerxebelia aseTi zomis gayvana. b. Rlonti ki gvaswav­
lis, rom devalvacia unda moxdes iseT finansiur da politikur md­
gomareobis dros, iseT biujetis dros, romelSiac dRes imyofeba
Cveni saxelmwifo! Cven ki vfiqrobT winaaRmdegs: namdvili qarTuli
fulis gamocema SeiZleba mxolod maSin, rodesac Cveni ekonomiu­
ri mdgomareoba cotad Tu bevrad gamagrebuli iqneba, rodesac Cven
SegveZleba auarebel bonebis, romelic gamocemuli aris, erTnairi
angariSiT namdvili Cveni fulis RirebulebasTan Sedareba da imiT
dafaseba da imis saSualebiT bonis xelsayrelad gamosyidvac. dRevan­
del pirobebSi ki es SeuZlebelia.
b. Rlontma daasaxela aq zoma da ikiTxa, ratom ar gatareT aseTi
zomebio, ratom ar izruneT sesxis Sesaxebo. sxvaTa-Soris man ilapa­
raka erT xelSekrulobis Sesaxebac, romliTac sesxi unda migveRo
erTi ucxo saxelmwifosgan da ambobs: aseTi nabiji SegeZloT axlac
gadagedgaTo.
b. Rlontma icis Tu ramdenad xelsayreli iyo is sesxi CvenTvis.
icis isic, SesaZlebelia Tu ara dRevandel pirobebSi aseTi sesxis
aReba ise, rom igi xelsayreli iqnes CvenTvis, magram mainc lapara­
kobs amis Sesaxeb. Semdegi unda movaxseno b. Rlonts: yoveli sesxi,
yoveli xelSekruloba gulisxmobs ara marto Cven survils, ara mar­
to Cven miswrafebas, aramed miswrafebas da survils meore mxarisas,
romelsac unda surdes Cven am saqmeSi daxmareba gagviwios. da maSin,
rodesac finansTa uwyebas ar hqonda saSualeba daearsebina raime
kursi _ legaluri, oficialuri im ucxo fulis, romelmac erTnai­
ri dezorganizacia Sehqmna Cveni fulis bazarze, rodesac am ubralo
saqmis Sesaxebac ki ver mivaRwieT SeTanxmebas, rogor SegveZlo, ufro
didi sakiTxi, ufro mZlavri sakiTxi Cven sasargebloT gadagvewyvi­
ta? opozicias SeuZlia yvelaferi ilaparakos, magram Tu gaiTval­
iswineben im pirobebs, romelSic vmoqmedebT, Tavis nalaparakevis
gasamarTlebel faqtebs ver moiyvanen. b. Rlontma didi yuradReba
miaqcia da bevri ilaparaka imis Sesaxeb, rom Cven kanonSi Setanili
aris muxli, romlis ZaliT bonebi uzrunvelyofili iqneba saxelmwi­
fos mTeli qonebiT. igi winaaRmdegia amis. Cven vcemT fulis niSnebs,
romelic gamomxatvelia erTnair Rirebulebisa: Sromis an saqonlis.
Tu pasuxi ar vageT am fulis winaSe, am bonebSi, igi ubralo qaRaldi

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yofila, meti araferi. da swored kanoniT xazs usvamT im garemoebas,
rom raRac niSans imitom ki ar vscemT, rom Cven ar gvindodes paux­
ismgebloba imisa miviRoT, piriqiT swored Cveni bonebis Rirebuleba
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven imis pasuxismgebelni varT. b. Rlontma
mogvTxova dasaxeleba, sad iyo iseTi magaliTio. samwuxarod me aq su­
raTi ara maqvs fulis niSnebis, magram albad b. Rlonts moexseneba is
mdgomareoba, rodesac safrangeTSi iyo gamocemuli egredwodebuli
asignatebi; gana am asignatebs mTeli safrangeTis qoneba ar edo safuZ­
vlad? b. Rlonts ufro maxlobel magaliTs movaxsenebT, saxeldobr:
rodesac amier-kavkasiis bonebi gamoveciT, pirvelad Cvenis emisiiT,
maSin Cven vaRiareT, rom pasuxismgeblobas am bonebisas viRebT. ras niS­
navs pasuxismgeblobis miReba saxelmwifos mier? riTi agebs igi pasuxs
Tu ara Tavisi qonebiT? garda amisa pasuxismgeblobis miReba imas niS­
navs, rom Cven bons marTla uyurebT, rogorc fuls, imaze pasuxismge­
blobas vRebulobT da bonis saxiT vaZlevT ara cariel niSans, rom
raime idumali survili gvqondes aramed namdvilad valdebulebis ni­
Sans. ara, batonebo, me ver daveTanxmebi b. Rlonts, TiTqos sjobdes da
SeiZlebodes bonisTvis fulis niSnis miniWeba upasuxismgeblod. (xma
adgilidan: ar unda daaweroT) axla igi ambobs, amas bonze nu daawer­
To. nu Tu is xelSekruleba, piroba, valdebulia, romelic kanonmde­
blobis wesiT iqneba miRebuli, Tu ar wavawerT bonze, maSin kargavs
valdebulebis Zalas? bonze aris amonaweri kanonisa, Tu amier-kavka­
siis bonebze es ar aweria, _ es arafers niSnavs. Cvens bonaze es ewereba
da Cven vfiqrobT, visac ar SeuZlian mTeli Rirebuleba Cveni fuli­
sa gaiTvaliswinos, imisTvis swored ukeTesia es muxli, es amonaweri
kanonisa bonze iyos, amiT mis TvalSi bonis Rirebuleba matulobs. me
vfiqrob, da me mgonia fiqrobs yovelive Tqvengani da fiqrobs TviT
b. Rlontic, rom boni warmoadgens erTnair valdebulebas saxelmwi­
fosTvis da ara iseTi niSani, romlis pasuxismgeblobas saxelmwifo ar
iRebs; _ magram radgan saxelmwifos ar SeuZlian ramdenime fuTi ver­
cxliT, oqroTi an sxva raime saqonliT uzrunvelyos eg valdebuleba,
uzrunvelyofs imas mTeli Tavisi qonebiT. rasakvirvelia finansisti
ityvis: uzrunvelyofilia Savi qviT Tu uzrunvelyofilia mTelis
qonebiT, sul erTia, radgan Tu TviTeul nawils Savi qvisas, an parki­
sas, an Tu gind oqrosas, ver miiRebs yovel moTxovnilebisTanave fu­
lis erTeulSi, sul erTia aseTi uzrunvelyofa ar warmoadgens did
garantias qaRaldis fulisTviso; magram me ar vici iseTi finansisti,
vinc SesaZleblas scnobdes fulis niSnis ugarantioT gamoSvebas.
b. Rlontma moiyvana magaliTebi, rom 250 kerenskis maneTians ar
ewera, rom oqrod uzrunvelyofilia, xolo 20 da 40 maneTze arc
is aweria, rac 250 maneTze ewerao. amiT b. Rlonts imis Tqma surs,
TiTqos kerenskis mTavroba am fulis niSnebis uzrunvelyofas eride­
boda. ramdenad me maxsovs axali kanoni valiutis Sesaxeb, droebiT
mTavrobas ar gamoucia; man Sescvala mxolod garegnoba sakredito

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bileTis, da gamosca axali niSani, xolo pasuxismgebloba sakredito
bileTisTvis da valiutis Sesaxeb igive darCa, rac winaT iyo ruseTis
kanonebiT. b. Rlontis azri, rom marTali iyos, unda yofiliyo mere
dadgenileba droebiTi mTavrobis, rom axali fulis niSnebis daxur­
davebaSi an uzrunvelyofaSi igi pasuxs ar agebda. aseTi dadgenileba
droebiTi mTavrobisa me ar vici da Tu b. Rlontma icoda unda eTqva.
ruseTSi darCa kerenskis drosac Zveli kanoni, rom maneTi udris ama
Tu im nawils, amden Tu imden misxals oqrosas da saxelmwifo _ daxur­
davebisTvis pasuxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT. es ase, rom ar yofili­
yo, axali maneTi Zvelis Tanabari aRar iqneboda. is rac moiyvana b.
Rlontma aris ubralo garegani gamoxatuleba kerenskis fulis niSan­
is da am garegnobiT sagnis arsebiTad garCeva, Seuwynarebelia. Tqven
iciT, rom vercxlis maneTians ruseTSi srulebiT araferi ewera, ma­
gram saxelmwifo valdebuli iyo, roca 25 maneTze mets miitandiT
vercxls, oqroze daexurdavebiaT, radgan ruseTSi kanoniT arsebob­
da oqros valiuta, Tumca amis Sesaxeb arc maneTianze, arc aTSauri­
anze, arc abazianze araferi ewera.
b. Rlontma ver daasaxela kanoni, da me vamtkiceb aq, rom yofi­
li debuleba kerenskis mTavrobas ar Seucvlia da, maSasadame, moyvana
marto fulis niSnis formis, da mis mixedviT fulis sakiTxis, gadaW­
ra, rogorc aq b. Rlontma moisurva, Seuwynarebelia.
Cven bonas davawerT, rom imas aqvs Tanabari msvleloba ruseTis fu­
lis niSnebTan da, rogorc kanonSi sweria, amier-kavkasiis bonebTanac;
Tu Cven davadeqiT am gzas, es imitom, rom es aris boni da ara qaRald­
is fuli. xolo qaRaldis fulisa da bonis Soris rom gansxvaveba ar­
sebobs, es albad b. Rlontsac moexseneba. qaRaldis fuli ar gaxlavT
sakredito bileTi anu banknoti, magram sakredito bileTi gadai­
qceva qaRaldis fulad Tu igi oqroze aRar xurdavdeba, Tundac mas
sakredito bileTis saxec darCes. _ amnairad fulis niSani SeiZleba
iyos Tavidan sakredito bileTi, romelic oqrozed xurdavdeba, Sem­
deg ki gaxdes qaRaldis fulaT. magaliTad, ruseTis 100 maneTiani da
50 maneTiani gaxlavT sakredito bileTi; magram mas Semdeg, rac ruse­
Tis mTavrobam gamosca _ am bileTebis Sesaxeb sagangebo dadgenileba,
romlis Semdeg igi oqrozed aRar xurdavdebod, is gadaiqca qaRaldis
fulad. bona ar gaxlavT fuli, es aris valdebuleba, es aris piroba,
es aris erTnairi Tamasuqi, romlis daxurdaveba SeiZleba oqrozed,
SeiZleba sakredito bileTzed, SeiZleba fulzed, SeiZleba banknot­
zedac, magram yovel SemTxvevaSi igi unda gulisxmobdes, romelime
fulis erTeuls. sakredito bileTi ki, rogorc fuli, rogorc fu­
lis qaRaldis niSani gulisxmobs Tavis erTeuls (magaliTad maneTs),
sakuTar fulis sistemas. me bodiSs vixdi, rom aseT saganzed mixdeba
aq laparaki, magram b. Rlontma sakiTxi ase daayena.
rasakvirvelia, Cven sakuTar fuls bonis saxiT ver gamovcemT.
fuli gulisxmobs erTeuls da gulisxmobs sakuTar valiutas. Tu

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davadeqiT im azrs, rom unda SevqmnaT namdvili fuli, maSin Cven
unda SevqmnaT sakuTari erTeulic da valiutac unda gaviCinoT. es
saukeTeso gamosavali iqneba CvenTvis. magram, rogorc mogaxseneT,
rodesac angariSs gauwevT ara marto Cvens survils, aramed Cvens
mdgomareobas da saerTaSoriso mdgomareobasac, Tqven darwmun­
debiT, SeiZleba Tua ara aseTi eqsperimentebi, romelsac gvirCevs b.
Rlonti, saxeldobr, rom davtovoT, egreTwodebuli, saqonlis Te­
oria fulis sakiTxSi da uceb davadgeT mis mier naCveneb Teorias.
gana es ase advili saqmea? Cven vfiqrobT, swored Cveni momavali
fulisTvis sjobs dRes-dReobiT gamovsceT erTnairi valdebuleba
bonebis saxiT da mxolod maSin gadavideT sakuTar fulzed, rode­
sac Cveni ekonomiuri mdgomareoba da saerTaSoriso mdgomareobac
xels Segviwyobs sakuTar fulis gamocemisTvis. es saWiroa imisTvis,
rom swored Cveni fulis Sesaxeb ar mogvixdes iseTi laparaki, ro­
goric ismis bonebis Sesaxeb (devalvaciao da sxva).
arc b. Rlonti uaryofs, rom erTeuli unda darCes Zveli. Cven
varT Camocilebuli ruseTidan, aRara gvaqvs masTan damokidebuleba,
magram ar SegveZlo erTxans am sferoSi, fulis saqmeSi, Zveli siste­
ma ar dagvetovebia. batonebo! istoriuli msvleloba, istoriuli
damokidebuleba da naSTi istoriuli erTis dakvriT ar mospobila,
mTeli xelSekrulebebi, romelic dRemdis xdeboda aq ruseTis mane­
Tis safuZvelze, mTeli aReb-micemoba, romelic warmoebda dRemdis
da dResac swarmoebs, mTeli fuli Semosuli saqarTveloSi saxelm­
wifo da kerZo bankebsa da xazinebSi swarmoebda maneTze. Cven Segvi­
Zlian es maneTi gavabaTiloT maSin, rodesac Cven gamovcemT sakuTar
namdvil fuls (vsTqvaT, marCils), namdvil Rirebulebis gamomxat­
vels. namdvili Rirebuleba Cveni marCilisa SeiZleba udrides rusis
fulis 5-10 maneTs, da saxelmwifoc amis misedviT gauswordeba ru­
sis fulis patronebs. magram Cveni fulis Rirebulebas dekretiT ki
ver SevqmniT, imas hqmnis Tavisufali bazari. dRes Cven vxedavT, rom
bazarzed im or fulis niSans, romelsac „kerenkas“ da „nikolovkas“
eZaxian, gacilebiT meti fasi aqvs, vinem amier-kavkasiis bonebs, Tumca
is fulis niSnebi gacilebiT meti daibeWda, vidre Cveni patara teri­
toriis fulis niSnebi. es gansxvaveba xdeba ara Sinagan Rirebulebis
mixedviT, aramed sxva da sxva gareSe mizezebiT, kerZoT spekuliaciis
gamo. bazarma Sehqmna laJi, gacilebiT ufro didi, vidre Seefereba
namdvil Rirebulebas.
miuxedavaT imisa, Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom rogorc bankebTan
dadebuli xelSekrulebani, ise yovelive kerZo xelSekrulebani xde­
ba oficialurad im TanabrobiT, romelic Tavidanve arsebobda. Tu
Cven ar davukavSirebT fulis niSans, romelsac iseTive erTeuli
daurCeba safuZvlad, im fuls, romelzedac dadebuli aris mravali
xelSekrulebani da romelzedac swarmoebda dRemdis operaciebi, _
maSin im laJs, im urTierTobas, romelic exla arsebobs quCaSi, Cven

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davakanonebT. piriqiT, rodesac kanonis saxiT Cven isini gavaTanabreT,
Cven SeveZleba mivceT pasuxismgeblobaSi isini, romelnic am kanons
gverds uvlian da bonebs ruseTis bonebze TavaT afaseben. iyo kidec
SemTxvevebi, rodesac Cven am zomebs mivmarTeT.
am mosazrebiT Cven vfiqrobT, rom aucileblad saWiro aris sanam
Cven gveqneba sakuTari fulis niSnebi, namdvili fulis sistema, _ mi­
viRoT kanoni, rom saqarTvelos bonebi ruseTis sakredito bileTebis
Tanabrad unda miiRebodes. SesaZlebelia, Cveni maneTi gacilebiT
ufro iafi darCes vidre ruseTisa; Cven gvinda, rom kanonieri ufleba
wavarTvaT imaT, vinc am or fulis niSnis namdvil Rirebulebas anga­
riSs ar uwevs, da kanonad ar gadavaqcioT is, rac spekuliaciis saxiT
tardeba dRes cxovrebaSi.
ai, aseTi mosazrebani uZRoda saqarTvelos bonebis gamocemas. da
rom marto Cven ar Segvixednia am mosazrebiT am sakiTxisTvis, _ amas
amowmebs is garemoebac, rom Cvenma axlo mezobelma saxelmwifom, ad­
erbeijanma, romelmac gamosca axali fulis niSnebi, swored aseTive
safuZveli daudva imas.
rasakvirvelia, Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, bonebi aris droebi­
Ti fulis niSnebi, rodesac SemoviRebT sakuTar fuls, da sakuTar
fulis sistemas SevqmniT, Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, maSin amier-ka­
vkasiis bonebTan erTad Cveni bonebic Seuswordeba im namdvil Rire­
bulebas, romlis gamomxatveli iqneba Cveni fuli da romelsac axali
fulis erTeuli unda daedvas safuZvlad.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs d. TofiriZes.
d. TofuriZe. batonebo, Cven veZebT gamosavals gzas. saxelmwifos
cxov­rebis SeCereba SeuZlebelia, saxelmwifos unda hqondes mudmi­
vi saxsari, rom man gaakeTos es saqme, romlis gakeTeba aucilebelia.
ai aseTi debulebaa, da aqedan gamovdiodiT Cven, rodesac dekretis
proeqti aq SemovitaneT. raze ilaparakes aq eserebis fraqciis warmo­
madgenlebma, da Semdeg federalistebis fraqciis warmomadgenlebma?
imaT ilaparakes saerTo Cven ekonomiur da finansiur mdgomareoba­
zed, ilaparakes imaze, _ rom saWiroa Cveni finansi rigianad moewyos,
ekonomiuri pirobebi gaumjobesdes, ai Cven gvaqvs aTasnairi simdidre,
es simdidre unda iyos amoZravebuli, da unda dadges iseTi pirobebi,
rodesac saxelmwifos eqneba saSualeba, mas SeeZleba Tavisi fulis
sistema Sehqmnas. rogorc mogexsenebaT, yvela am kiTxvaze aq xSirad
yofila dava da laparaki, bevric daiwera gazeTebSi am TiTqmis anba­
nuri WeSmaritebaze, romelzedac laparakobs b. Rloti da romelsac
TiTon uwodebs anbanur WeSmaritebas. es aris anbani, da vinc icis es
anbani man unda icodes isic, rom am anbanur WeSmaritebis aRiareba ar
aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom saxelmwifos mieces saSualeba, rom man
moipovos is, rac misTvis aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens. is gza,
romelzedac is gviTiTebs _ aris namdvili gza, da am gziT rasakvirve­
lia, ivlis saxelwmifo, magram samwuxarod am gziT, didi miznis miRw­

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evisTvis aris didi dro saWiro, es albaT mogesenebaT kargad. am gziT
Cveni saqme ar gakeTdeba arc erTi Tvis da arc erTi wlis ganmavloba­
Si, da CvenTvis ki am bonis qona saWiro xdeba ara erTi wlis Semdeg,
aramed, xval, dRes, zeg erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi. _ es aSkara aris, es
anbanuri WeSmariteba aris da Tu es anbanuri WeSmariteba gaegebaT da
esmiT maT, vinc Cven gvedavebian, maSin gviCvenon, Sesaferi gza. rac aq
maT mier iTqva, iyo mxolod deklaracia, saerTo anbanuri WeSmarite­
ba, romelsac am sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
bonebis sakiTxi, rogorc mogexsenebaT, axali ar aris.
ai, swored erTi Tvis wineT, ufro adrec mgoni, iyo amaze lapara­
ki, iyo dava, es iyo, Tu ar vscdebi _ maisSi, _ gamovceT Tu ara Cveni
fuli, qarTuli fuli. magram, maSinac mravali finansiuri, da ekono­
miur mosazrebam yvela daarwmuna, rom SeuZlebeli iqneboda Cveni fu­
lis gamocema. es iqneboda Cveni finansiuri daRupva, saerTod Cveni
ekonomiuri daRupva. es kargad moexsenebaT maT, da ai swored, Tu ar
vscdebi, es iyo ianvars, an dekembers. parlamentis dadgenilebiT mieca
neba mTavrobas, rom safinanso da sabiujeto komisiasTan SeTanxmebiT
gamoeca Tu amas moiTxovda pirobebi, Cveni qarTuli boni. rogorc mo­
gexsenebaT mxolod exla dadga is xana, rodesac es dadgenileba unda
moviyvanoT sisruleSi. magram maSin pirobebi iyo dayenebuli _ Tu
moxerxda SeTanxmeba azerbaijanTan da somxeTTan, usaTuod gamocemu­
li iqnes iseve amier-kavkasiis bonebi. erTgvari SeTanxmeba moxda maSin
maTTan da Tavidan avicdineT qarTul bonebis gamocema. dRes, rogorc
mogexsenebaT, aseT SeTanxmebas, samwuxarod, adgili ara aqvs. rode­
sac es SeTanxmeba ar moxda erTis mxriv, da meores mxriv _ saWiroe­
ba da aucilebloba aris, rom saxelmwifos hqondes Tavisi sakuTari
fulis niSnebi, ra gza aris, ra gamosavali gvaqvs? mxolod erTi, _
Tqven Tavisi sakuTari niSnebi unda gamosceT. rac Seexeba qarTuli
fulis gamocemas, ai swored ar damdgara iseTi pirobebi, rodesac
Cven SegviZlian Cveni fulis gamocema. maSasadame, am mxriv pirobebi ar
Secvlila, Seicvala mxolod is, rom ar moxda SeTanxmeba azerbaijan­
Tan, maSasadame erTi gza da gamosavali gvaqvs. es gza _ unda gamovceT
qarTuli bonebi da ara qarTuli fulebi.
b. Rlontma aRniSna, rom Cvenma kursma aiwia. aiRniSna, rom zo­
gierT xelSekrulebas hqonda alagi, da am xelSekrulebam aswia Cve­
ni kursio. da swored mec unda aRvniSno, rom Cvenda sabednierod,
Cven gadavediT im xanaSi, rodesac erTgvari gaumjobesoba etyoba
Cven urTierTobas, rodesac Cven raRac xelSekrulobebs vqmniT, erT­
gvari ekonomiuri SekavSireba xdeba sxva qveynebTan. amas aqvs didi
mniSvneloba. kidev daveTanxmebi b. Rlonts: marTalia, Cvenda sabed­
nierod, iseTi mZime sakiTxis gadaWra, rogoric aris qarTuli bonis
gamocema, xdeba im dros, rodesac Cveni ekonomiuri mdgomareoba erT­
nairad gaumjobesda da amiT gaadvilda im mZime saqmis gadaWra, ro­
melic Cven winaSe aris. rac Seexeba garantias am bonebisas, amaze b.

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ministrma sakmarisad ilaparaka da amazed ar SevCerdebi, da mxolod
mogaxsenebT, rom, rasakvirvelia, rodesac bonebs gamovcemT, Cven is­
eTi pirobebi unda SevqmnaT, rom am bonebs gasavali hqondes, rom am
bonebis Rirseba maRali iyos da misi kursi ar daeces. es swored an­
banuri WeSmariteba aris da is zomebi, romelic mimarTuli aris am
bonebis Rirsebis dascavad, es bonebi usaTuod miRebuli unda iyos,
_ da es garantia sruliad samarTliani da misaRebia, amaze sityvas ar
gavagrZeleb. aSkaraa, rom gza erTi aris _ es gza qarTuli bonebis
gamocemaa, amitom Cven usaTuod unda miviRoT es dekreti. amasTanave
unda dameTanxmoT, rom is Segnebuli moqalaqe da damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri, vinem aseT zereul kritikiT mogvmarTavdes, valdebuli
iyo ufro Rrmad, _ ekonomiurad, finansiurad, politikurad, yovel
mxriv, _ gaeTvaliswinebina es sakiTxi da ise gamosuliyo am tribuaze
da ara aseTi usafuZvlo da mavnebel kritikiT. maT axali araferi ar
gamosTqves, gza ar gviCvenes da ziani, _ Tu maT sityvas gavlena aqvs,
_ ziani ki SeZleba moutanon saxelmwifos qarTuli bonebis windauxe­
dav kritikiT.
Tavmjdomare. kamaTi dasrulebuli aris. sityva ekuTvnis momxse­
nebels.
momxsenebeli. d. oniaSvili. Cemi pasuxi Zalian mcire iqneba. sam­
wuxarod unda aRvniSnoT, rom oratorebi, romelnic winaaRmdegni
iyvenen am dekretis gamocemisa, ar Seexnen sakiTxs arsebiTad. isini
laparakoben ufro bonebis uvargis mxareze da ramdenadac es ori or­
atori exeboda am bonebis uvargis mxares, me mgonia oriveni Ria karebs
awvebodnen. moxsenebaSi me ukve aRvniSne bonebis uvargisi mxare, da
kategoriuladac gamovacxade es. es aris saerTo Tviseba bonebisa,
radganac bona aris fulis surogati da ara fuli. da es Tviseba eqne­
ba, rasakvirvelia, qarTul bonebsac. aq umTavresi iyo gamosavlis
povna. da swored am gamosavalzed, rogorc aq aRniSna wina orator­
ma, am gamosavalze ar migviTiTes arc erTma mowinaaRmdege oratorma.
sxvaTa Soris Sengelaiam, rodesac laparakobda bonebis uvargisoba­
ze, pirdapir sTqva, rom erTaderTi radikaluri zomaTagani, romel­
ic gaaumjobesebs Cven finansiur mdgomareobas, es aris burJuaziis
dabegvrao. am sacodav burJuaziis dabegvraze (Sengelaia: gecode­
baT?) bevrjel Tqmula am tribunidan xazgasmiT, swored am fraqciis­
agan, magram, me vekiTxebi Sengelaias, rodesac am sityvas ambobs tri­
bunidan, ra hgonia, sad aris _ manCesterSi Tu saqarTveloSi? (replika
ar ismis). me Rrmad mwams, rom darwmunebuli iyoT, rom saqarTveloSi
xarT _ am sityvas Tavis dReSi ar gaimeorebdiT. rasakvirvelia, Cveni
burJuaziis dabegvra SeiZleba, magram rodesac fulis sistemaze aris
laparaki da bonebis gamocemazed, sruliad usafuZvloa am burJuazi­
aze laparaki.
imave Sengelaiam daaxasiaTa, rom Cveni qveyana aris cnobili ise,
rogorc ekonomiurad CamorCenili qveyana. Tqven bZaneT, rom erTis

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mxriv Cven gvyavs didZali burJuazia, romelic unda davbegroT, da,
meores mxriv, rom Cveni qveyana aris cnobili, rogorc ekonomiurad
CamorCenili qveyana. erTi sityviT, Sengelaia aq vardeba saSinel wi­
naaRmdegobaSi da da me ar vici ra gamosavali aqvs.
is zomebi, romelzedac laparakobs damfuZnebeli krebis wevri Sen­
gelaia, Seexeba momaval qveynis ekonomiur gaumjobesebas, da sruleb­
iTac pasuxs ar iZleva im mwvave kiTxvaze, romelic Cven cxovrebam am
Jamad dagviyena.
rac Seexeba damfuZnebel krebis wevrs Rlontis mosazrebebs,
unda mogaxsenoT, rom aqac iyo ramdenime Secdomebi. krebis wevri
Tedo Rlonti rixianad amtkicebda am tribunidan, rom saWiro aris
exlave qarTuli fulis gamocema. rasakvirvelia, arc erTi CvenTagani,
winaaRmdegi ar aris qarTuli fulis gamocemisa, imitom, rom raki
Cven gvaqvs demokratiuli saxelmwifo, unda gvqondes adre Tu gvian
sakuTari fulic. magram, imis mtkiceba, rom exlave SesaZlebelia qar­
Tuli fulis gamocema, me mgonia, seriozulad ar SiZleba, radganac am
qarTul fulis gamocemas unda win uZRodes valiutis Seqmna. es Tqven
winad gaimored ramdenjerme, amas swerdnen yvela gazeTebSi. vidre
es valiutis sakiTxi ar aris mogvarebuli, vidre es sakiTxi ar aris
sistemaSi da cnobaSi moyvanili, Tqven ar SegiZlianT seriozulad
imis mtkiceba, rom exlave unda SehqmnaT sakuTri fuli.
aq aris erTi argumenti, Tedo Rlontisagan wamoyenebuli, rom
bonebs, zed ewereba, rom bonebi uzrunvelyofilia mTel saqarTve­
los qonebiTao. me ar vici, b. ministrma mogaxsenaT, rom aris bone­
bi, magaliTad amier-kavkasiis bonebi, isinic uzrunvelyofilni
iyvnen. Tqven brZanebT, _ sad aris, rom aweriao? warmoidgineT, rom
xelSekruleba visTanme gaqvT, xlSekruleba Sublze ki ar unda dai­
kraT, SeiZleba sadme SeinaxoT, magram mainc pasuxismgebeli brZandeb­
iT im piris winaSe, romelTanac SehkariT piroba. (xma: absurdia!) ab­
surdi ar gaxlavT, batonebo. amier-kavkasiis bonebs Tumca ar ewera _
esa Tu is saxelmwifo valdebulia pasuxi agoso, _ magram, iyo kanoni,
dekreti, sadac erTi punqti avalebda pasuxisgebas; _ es igive aris.
gansxvaveba mxolod is aris, rom muxli dekretidan gadatanili aris
fulis niSanzed. Semdeg, me ar vici, SeiZleba swored ukuRmad esmis
es uzrunvelyofa da pasuxismgebloba damfuZnebel krebis wevrs, Tu
magaliTad, b. Rlonts hgonia, warmoidgineT, qarTuli fulis niSani
100-200 maneTiani: zed aweria, ro bonebi uzrunvelyofili aris saqa­
rTvelos mTeli qonebiT _ amitom iqneba b. Rlonts hgonia, Tu xelSi
uWiravs amnairi bonebi, pasuxs agebs saxelmwifo? erTi sityviT, imas
SeuZlian miiRos mTeli saxelmwifos uZrav-moZravi qoneba? magaliT­
ad, WiaTurisa da sxva? es ese ar aris. pasuxismgebloba imitom aweria
bons, rom saxelmwifom unda aswios prestiJi, Rirebuleba bonisa. da
swored ar aris gagebuli aseTi pasuxisgeba, rogorc esmis b. Rlonts.
maSasadame, is mosazreba, romelic wamoyenebuli aris Rlontisa da

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Sengelaias mier, arsebiTad am mosazrebas, am Jamad, araviTari mniSvn­
eloba ara aqvs, radganac verc erTi mosazreba pasuxs ver scems im mar­
tiv sakiTxs, romelic aq wamoyenebuli aris, rom rom isini gamosavals
gvaCvenebdnen, rasakvirvelia, yoveli Cvengani daeTanxmeboda, magram
gamosavali ar arsebobs, da Tqven sxva gamosavali ar gamoginaxavT.
amitom sabiujeto da safinanso komisiis saxeliT vaZlev wina­
dadebas damfuZnebel krebas miiRos es dekreti.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikixoT pirveli muxli.
d. oniaSvili. (kiTxulobs dekretis TviTeul muxls, romelnic
saTiTaod miRebul iqmna damfuZnebel krebis mier. dekreti gadaeca
saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxia -

meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva uZrav qonebis

CamorTmevis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia krebis wevri jafariZe.

sergei jafariZe (s.-d.) (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls)
Tavmjdomare. am muxlSi Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili erovnul-
demokretiul fraqciis mier. (kiTxulobs): „pirvel muxls pirveli
ori sityvis Semdeg Caematos „parlamentis dasturi“. (kenWis yriT
Sesworeba uaryofilia).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba aris social-federalistTa fraqciis
mier. gaugebari gaxlavT es Sesworeba. Sesworebis Sesaxeb vis surs
sityva? keTil inebeT da daicaviT Tqveni Sesworeba.
T. Rlonti. (kiTxulobs). me-2 muxlSi unda darCes mxolod Semde­
gi: pirvel muxlSi aRniSnuli ufleba ekuTvnis agreTve qalaqTa da
erobaTa TviTmmarTvelobebs, TavianT moqmedebis teritoriis far­
glebSi kuTvnilebisamebr. aq aris, maSasadamae, gansazRvruli, rode­
sac ufleba aqvs qalaqs da ufleba aqvs erobas, es gansazRvruli aris
_ „im movaleobis ganxorcielebiT...“ Cven am SemTxvevaSi vafarToebT
erobisa da qalaqis uflebebs, gansazRvrulia, rodesac Tavis Ta­
vad dainaxavs saWirod eroba Tu qalaqi _ imas CamorTmevis ufleba
hqondes. am gamonaklisiT ki am gafarToebas adgili ara aqvs.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. TviTmmarTvelobis, qalaqis Tu erobis, kompeten­
cias swo­red aqvs ori kategoria _ erTi Seadgens pirdapir mova­
leobas, meore ki uflebas. am or muxls kanonisas miznad aqvs swored
SezRudva TviTmmarTvelobisa qonebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb da Seex­
eba marto da mxolod am mizniT, romliTac TviTmmarTveloba axor­
cielebs Tavis movaleobas da ara imas, rac uflebas Seadgens da ara
movaleobas. uZravi qonebis CamorTmeva kerZo mesakuTrisagan, es iseTi

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aqti, iseTi moqmedeba aris, romelic cotad Tu bevrad, arRvevs Cveu­
lebriv cxovrebas sazogadod da amitom erTnairi SezRudva saWiro
aris darCes TviTmmarTvelobisTvis (ar ismis) zogierT SemTxvevaSi.
amitom Cven vambobT, rom es SezRudva, romelic gamosaxuli aris
am muxlis meore naxevarSi unda darCes.
(kenWis yriT social-federalistTa Sesworeba uaryofilia).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls).
Tavmjdomare. mesame muxlis Sesaxeb aris winadadeba erovnul-­
demokratiul fraqciisa, rom amoiSalos sruliad.
momxsenebeli. erovnul-demokratebi Txouloben, rom es mux­
li sruliad amoiSalos kanonidan. maSin darCeba carieli adgili,
ese igi iseTi mdgomareoba Seiqmneba, rodesac Cven ar gveqneba wesi,
romlis mixedviT unda vixelmZRvaneloT. SesaZlebelia konfliqti
qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis da mesakuTris Soris, aman SeiZleba Sea­
ferxos (ar ismis) is, rac SesaZlebelia moxdes. da amitom es muxli
saWiroa darCes. (kenWis yriT Sesworeba uar­yofilia).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meoTxe muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqciis mier _ meoTxe muxlSi Caematos pirvel sami sityvis
Semdeg: „romelic unda moxsendes parlaments dasadastureblad“.
amave muxlSi daematos boloSi „qonebis patrons ufleba aqvs ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi mTavrobaSi gaasaCivros TviTmmarTvelobis dad­
genileba. ori kviris vadaSi dRidan am saCivris miRebisa, mTavrobas
SeuZlian gaauqmos dadgenileba, ukeTu igi kanons ar eTanxmeba?“
es erovnul-demokratiuli fraqciis. Semdegi Sesworeba so­
cial-federalistTa fraqciisa: meoTxe muxls unda gamoeklos Semde­
gi debuleba: (kiTxulobs) „romelsac xmosanTa saerTo ricxvis naxe­
varze ara naklebi daeswreba“.
Semdegi Sesworeba gaxlavT...
ukacravad, meoTxe muxls araviTari SeniSvna ar aqvs. SeiZleba
gaugebroba aris? vis surs sityva?
krebis wevri faRava. gaugebroba aris. sityva „Seicvalos“ ma­
givrad unda iyos „daematos“. ase, rom social-demokratiul fraqci­
is winadadeba gaxlavT, „daematos _ SeniSvna“. es axali SeniSvna iqneba.
momxsenebeli. iuridiul komisia winaRmdegi ar aris, rom miRebu­
li iyos social-demokratiul fraqcis winadadeba damatebis Sesaxeb.
mxolod Tu am SeniSvnas miviRebT erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis Ses­
worebas azri da niadagi ekargeba. jer erTi, imitom, rom am SeniSvnas
social-demokratiul fraqciisas ufro farTo xasiaTi aqvs. gasaCivre­
buli iqneba Tu ar iqneba gasaCivrebuli sul erTi aris yvela dadge­
nileba TviTmmarTvelobisa, Tavis ganmartebiT unda ecnobos mTavro­
bas, da mTavrobas SeuZlian ara Tu kanonierebis mxriv, aramed sxva
mosazrebiT, ar gaiziaros TviTmmarTvelobis mosazreba da ar daadas­

342
turos, da Seatyobinos, rom ar aris Tanaxma, rom esa Tu is qoneba Camo­
erTvas. vinmes nacional-demokratebis Sesworeba Seicavs sxvaTaSoris
im debulebas, rom mTavroba, romlisaganac gaasaCivrebs dainteresebu­
li piri, am dadgenilebas, ufleba aqvs mxolod kanonierebis mxriv erT­
gvari kontroli gauwios da gaauqmos es dadgenileba maSin, Tu kanons
ar eTanxmeba. namdvilad ki kanonierebis mxriv dadgenilebas mTavrobi­
sa, iqneba es erobisa Tu qalaqisa sul erTia, kontrols uwevs sasamarT­
lo, Tu ukanono dadgenilebas miiRebs TviTmmarTveloba, maSin gasin­
javs sasamarTlo da sasamarTlo daarRvevs da, maSasadame, am mxriv
kontroli marTlac saWiro ar aris. amitom nacional-demokratebis
Sesworeba misaRebi ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri am Sesworebas. rac Seexeba bolos damate­
bas, amas calke uyri kenWs. vin aris momxre nacional-demokratebis
Sesworebisa, ese igi pirvel sam sityvis Semdeg Caematos: „parlamen­
tis dadasturebiT“. vin aris momxre am Sesworebisa? Sesworeba uary­
ofili gaxlavT.
Semdeg social-federalistTa fraqciis winadadeba, rom meoTxe
muxls gamoakldes bolo winadadeba. (kiTxulobs). vin aris momxre am
Sesworebisa? winadadeba uaryofili gaxlavT.
exla damateba. bolos ori damateba aris, erTi social-demokra­
tiul fraqciis saxeliT. (kiTxulobs). meore _ erovnul-demokrati­
ul fraqciisa. (kiTxulobs). vin aris momxre erovnul-demokratiul
fraqciis damatebisa? damateba uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris momxre
social-demokratiul fraqciis Sesworebisa, SeniSvnis saxiT? vin
aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebuli gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi
meoTxe muxlisa? meoTxe muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT
mexuTe muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mexuTe muxls).
Tavmjdomare. Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqciis mier. (kiTxulobs). me-5 muxlis pirveli winadadeba
Seicvalos ase: „rogorc mTavrobas, ise TviTmmarTvelobas evaleba
ganzraxul saqmis winaswar gamokvleva da saTanado cnobebis Sekreba“.
sxva damateba an Sesworeba mexuTe muxlSi ar gaxlavT. vis surs sityva
Sesworebis Sesaxeb? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. damateba erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa, rom
usaTuod unda iyos winaswari gamokvleva, mxolod uazroa da umiznoa.
es yovelTvis saWiro ar iqneba, amitom damateba ar unda iyos. mxolod,
rodesac es saWiro iqneba, Tavis-Tavad nagulisxmevia, maSin mTavroba
da erobebi amas moaxdenen. saWiro ar aris winaswar gamokvleva moxdes,
amitom erovnul-deokratebis Sesworeba misaRebi ar aris.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre Sesworebisa? Sesworeba uaryofi­
li gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi mexuTe muxlisa? mexuTe muxli miRe­
buli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT meeqvse muxli.

343
 momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meeqvse muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq Semotanili gaxlavT social-federalistebis
fraqciis mier Sesworeba Semdegi Sinaarsisa: (kiTxulobs). meeqvse
muxli Secvlili iqnes Semdegnairad: „CamorTmeuli droebiT daWer­
il da sargeblobaSi monawileobis uflebis dawesebiT, SezRudul
uZrav qonebis patrons eZleva safasuri soflad wvril mesakuTres,
e.i. romlis mamulis fasi ar aRemateba 30 aTas maneTs; xolo qalaqad
uZrav qonebis patronebs safasuri miecemaT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 50 aTas man. metaT Rirebul qone­
baSi patrons safasuri miecema, magram ara umetes 50 aTas maneTisa“.
sxva Sesworeba ar gaxlavT. vis surs sityva am Sesworebis Sesaxeb?
aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. am Sesworebis Sesaxeb unda mogaxsenoT, rom es Ses­
woreba akanonebs erTgvar wess, rodesac kerZo mesakuTrisagan saW­
iroeba moiTxovs, rom CamovarTvaT qoneba ise, rom imas mTeli Ri­
rebuleba am qonebisa ar mieces, ese igi ramdenic unda Rirdes misi
qoneba, Tundac ori milioni, mainc qalaqSi ar unda mieces 50 maneTzed
meti da soflad 30 maneTzed meti. maSin es zoma saerTo unda iyos yve­
lasTvis, ese igi is zoma, romelsac vRebulobT yvelas winaaRmdeg,
maSin erTgvari samarTlianoba iqneba daculi, magram Cven iseTi us­
amarTloba ar gvesmis, mxolod ramdenime piris winaaRmdeg misaRebi
romelime SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifos da erobis saWiroeba
moiTxovs CamovarToT mTeli uZravi woneba, _ araviTari socialistu­
ri samarTlianoba aseT moqmedebas da zomas ar gaamarTlebs. amitom
Cemis azriT unda darCes is norma, is debuleba, romelic aris gamosax­
uli am kanon-proeqtis meeqvse muxlSi.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am winadadebisa? winadadeba uary­
ofili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi meeqvse muxlisa? meeqvse muxli
miRebuli gaxlavT.
exla winadadeba gaxlavT, rom meeqvse muxlis Semdeg Caematos ax­
ali muxli meeqvse prima. winadadeba gaxlavT social-revoliucione­
rebis fraqciisa. windadebis Sinaarsi aseTi gaxlavT: „Caematos calke
muxlad Semdegi: saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis mi­
wis iZulebiTi CamorTmevis dros, safasuri miecemaT mesakuTreT mx­
olod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu CamosarTmevi bina saSromo normaSi Sedis“.
vis surs sityvs winadadebis Sesaxeb? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. social-revoliucioneris Sesworebaze lakapar­
ki me mgonia zedmeti aris. is, rac iTqva Sesworebis Sesaxeb es kidev
metad iqneba amaze. jer erTi, rom saSualo norma existance minimum-i
aramc Tu iuridiul mecnierebaSi aris miRebuli, rogorc gansaz­
Rvruli norma, aramed ekonomiur mecnierebaSiac sadao aris. jer-je­
robiT Cven ara gvaqvs mcneba iuridiuli da imisTana operaciebi Cven
ar SegviZlian movaxdinoT maSin, rodesac laparaki aris kerZo mesaku­
Tris mamulis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb.

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 es erTi.
meore _ rogorc mogaxseneT amas winaT aseTi saerTo sakiTxi iyo
wamoyenebuli, rogorc gadawyvetili aris saerTo socialisturi
rame zomis miReba, yvelasTvis savaldebulo, maSin amaze sja-baasi
SesaZlebelia. magram am SemTxvevaSi, am kerZo SemTxvevaSi, me mgonia,
rom arc loRikuri TandaTanoba moiTxovs, arc socialisturi samar­
Tlianoba.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom Caematos meeqvse muxlSi prima?
winadadeba uaryofili gaxlavT. gTxovT, waikiTxoT meSvide muxli.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meSvide muxls...)
Tavmjdomare. aq Semotanili gaxlavT Semdegi winadadeba. jer
erTi radikaluri; meSvide muxli amoiSalos. mere: „SeniSvna amoiSa­
los meSvide muxlisa“ _ erovnul-demokratiis fraqciis mier Semot­
anili. vis surs sityva am Sesworebis Sesaxeb? aravis. momxsenebelis
daskvna.
momxsenebeli. roca nacional-demokratebi Txouloben, rom es mux­
li amoiSalos, amasTan erTad ar amboben ra wesi unda darCes amis ma­
givrad, albad isini gulisxmoben, rom sasamarTlos wesiT gadaswydeba
safasuri im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac qoneba unda CamoerTvas saxelmwi­
fos, erobis, an qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobis saWiroebisTvis.
rogorc mogaxseneT wina sxdomaze, am kanon-proeqtis ganxilvis
dros ori principi iyo miRweuli, Tu saxelmwifos, an sazogadoebriv
mniSvnelobis saqmes anxorcielebs kerZo piri, kompania an amxanago­
ba, maSin safasuris raodenobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo sazoga­
do wesiT. mxolod Tu aseT saqmes anxorcielebs an eroba, an qalaqis
TviTmmarTveloba, maSin viRebT meore princips. da saqmis droze gad­
awyvetisTvis viRebT ukanasknel Sefasebas am qonebisa, da am Sefasebis
raodenobiT ganisazRvreba im safasuris raodenoba, romelic unda
mieces am qonebis patrons.
radganac am kategoriis Soris, ese igi erobis da qalaqis TviT­
mmarTvelobis da meore kerZo piris, kompaniis da sazogadoebriv
amxanagobis Soris aris imgvari gansxvaveba, Cven vambobT, rom orive
SemTxevevaSi, rodesac an saxelmwifo, an eroba, an qalaqis TviTmmarT­
veloba anxorcielebs, maSin SeiZleba erTgvari msxverpli dasdos ker­
Zo mesakuTrem, imitom, rom ukanaskneli Sefaseba iqneba safuZvlad.
magram amis nacvlad aq aris Semotanili koreqtivi. es koreqtivi ga­
moixateba SeniSvnaSi. es SeniSvna ambobs, rom kerZo qonebis patrons
qalaqSi, Tu soflad, Tu imas miaCnia Tavisi mamuli mcired Sefasebu­
li, SeuZlia mosTxovos qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, an erobas, xelax­
lad Seafason da maSin es axali Sefaseba iqneba miRebuli safuZvlad
safasuris gansazRvris dros. Tu es ar qna patronma, rom vinicobaa
xelaxalma Sefasebam ar moumatos gadasaxadi Tu amas damalavs, maSin
TviT is iqneba damnaSave, maSin Tu saxelmwifosTvis saWiro iqneba, es
mamuli CamoerTmeva. im mosazrebis garda, romelzedac me mogaxsenebT,

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am kanons safuZvlad udevs kidev meore principi, rom vaiZuloT kerZo
mesakuTreni qalaqad da soflad TiTon aswion Sefaseba Tavis qonebi­
sa da Sefasebis momatebasTan erTad xazinis Semosavalic gaadidon.
imitom am muxlis amoSla, me mgonia, ar iqneba sasargeblo saxelm­
wifoebriv TvalsazrisiT.
rac Seexeba meore Sesworebas, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
amoiSalos ukanaskneli ori striqoni, me ver gamigia amis magivrad
ras amboben Sesworebis avtorebi imitom, rom rodesac xdeba qonebis
CamorTmeva sami wlis vadiT, usaTuod rame mieces, magram ra unda
mieces, amas Sesworebis avtorebi ar amboben. winandel kanondebu­
lobaSi iyo ise, rom imas eZleoda erTnairi jildo, rodesac es adg­
ili iyo daWerili saxelmwifos saqmis ganxorcielebisTvis magaliT­
ad rkinis gzis kompanias da sxvas. magram ratom unda moiSalos es am
SemTxvevaSi, me ar vici. amitom Cemis azriT eseTi Sesworeba uaryo­
fili unda iyos.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri am winadadebas. vin aris momxre pirveli
Sesworebisa? Sesworeba uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris momxre meore
Sesworebisa? es Sesworebac uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmde­
gi meSvide muxlisa? me-7 muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT
me-8 muxls).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-8 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. me-8 muxlis Sesaxeb winadadebaa, rom darCes mxo­
lod pirveli debuleba da danarCeni amoiSalos. erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqciis winadadebaa. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
aravis, momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. erovnul-demokratiul fraqciis Sesworeba ar
aris misaRebi imitom, rom, es ukanaskneli abzaci, rom amovSloT ma­
Sin ar gvecodineba, rogor unda moxdes, rom sami wlis Semdeg qone­
ba ar daubrunda patrons, magaliTad, saxelmwifos gahyavs rkinis
gza. am rkinis gzis gayvanisTvis dasWirda es adgili, an masalebis
dasawyobad, an qviSis, an qvis sasargeblod an sxva saWiroebisTvis. es
grZeldeba sam welze meti, Tu didi gza aris. rogor unda moxdes?
daubrundes? Tu ar daubrundes, _ safasuri mieces? Tu mieces, ro­
gor, ra wesiT? rom ar moxdes aseTi arev-dareva da gaugebroba, ami­
tom saWiro aris, rom darCes, rom Tu sami weliwadi gavida da qoneba
ar daubrunda patrobs, patrons ufleba aqvs am sami wlis safasuri
mosTxovos warmoebis patrons, an da sul CamoerTvas da mTeli qonebis
safasuri misces. amitom saWiro aris es debuleba darCes kanon-pro­
eqtSi. (Tavmjdomare: daasruleT?) diax.
Tavmjdomare: saqme is gaxlavT, rom aq winadadeba aris erTi mux­
lis amoSlisa da meore muxlis adgilas gadatanisa. Tu gaiziarebT
im winadadebas, rom me-8 muxli gadatanili iqnes 24 muxlis adgilas,
maSin me vTxov momxsenebels me-24 muxli waikiTxos. (momxsenebeli kiTx­
ulobs me-24 muxls).

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 Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT, rom me-24 muxli amoiSalos
savsebiT: (xmauroba) me bodiSs vixdi, magram me xelT maqvs es Seswore­
ba, fraqciis mdivani xels awers da aq sweria: me-8 muxli gadatanili
iqneba me-24 muxlis adgilas. vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb?
momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. iuridiuli komisia ar aris momxre, rom amoiSalos,
radganac saWiroa, rom me-24 muxli darCes.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre rom me-24 muxli amoiSalos? muxli
amoSlili gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom me-8 muxli gadatanili
iqnes me-24 muxlis adgilas? es winadadebac miRebuli aris. ise, rom
me-8 muxli daiWers me-24 muxlis adgilas? es winadadebac miRebu­
li aris. ise, rom me-8 muxli daiWers me-24 muxlis adgilas. gTxovT
waikiTxoT Semdegi me-9 muxli, romelic me-8 muxlis adgils daiWers.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-9 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq Sesworeba gaxlavT, rom me-9 muxlis me-2 nawils
Caematos: droebiT daWera (kiTxulobs). es erovnul-demokratiul
fraqciis Sesworeba gaxlavs. vis surs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb? ar­
avis. momxseneblis azri.
momxsenebeli. Camateba zedmetia, imitom aris meti, rom zarali
_ am fasis dakargva SesaZlebelia maSin, Tu sruliad CamoerTva qone­
ba patrons, an qonebis nawili, an da nawilobiTi sargebloba dawesda
mis qonebaze. xolo rac Seexeba droebiT daWeras, rodesac grZeldeba
vadiT ara umTavres sami wlisa, amas zaralTan kavSiri ara aqvs da am­
itom es Sesworeba unda uaryofili iyos.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom Caematos es sityvebi? wina­
dadeba uaryofili gaxlavT. vin aris momxre, rom sityva „danaklisi“
Seicvalos sityviT „safasuri“? es Sesworebac uaryofili gaxlavT.
gTxovT, me-10 muxli waikiTxoT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-10 muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq Sesworeba araferi aris Semotanili. vin aris
winaaRmdegi me-10 muxlisa? me-10 muxli miRebuli gaxlavT. gTxovT
waikiTxoT me-11 muxli Tavisi SeniSvniT.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-11 muxls da SeniSvnas).
Tavmjdomare. Semotanili aris Sesworeba social-federalist­
Ta fraqciis mier, rom SeniSvna amoiSalos sruliad da meore wina­
dadeba social-demokratiul fraqciis mier Semotanili. SeniSvna
Seicvalos amnairad: (kiTxulobs) „im SemTxevevaSi, roca saxelmwifo
TviT anxorcielebs, romlisTvisac uZravi qonebis CamorTmeva, an mis
sargeblobaSi monawileobis uflebis daweseba moxda da qonebis safa­
surTan zaralis asanazRaurebeli Tanxa asiaTas maneTs aRemateba, asi­
aTasi maneTi miecema patrons qonebis CamorTmevamdin; xolo danarCeni
ara ugvianes erTi wlisa, qonebis CamorTmevis dRidan. yovelwliurad
Tanaswor nawilebad me-11 muxlSi aRniSnul sargeblis damatebiT. Tu
saqmes anxorcielebs qalaqi, an eroba da qonebis safasuri, an zaralis

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asanazRaurebeli Tanxa aRemateba: tfilisSi 75 aTas man., quTaisSi,
foTSi da soxumSi 50 aTas man., xolo danarCen qalaqebSi da mazrebSi
25 aTas man., am SemTxvevaSi qonebis patrons miecema qonebis CamorT­
mevamde: TbilisSi 75 aTasi man., quTaisSi, foTSi da soxumSi 25 aTa­
si man. danarCeni fuli miecema patrons 6 wlis ganmavlobaSi dRidan
qonebis CamorTmevisa, yovelwliur Tanaswor nawilebaT me-11 muxlSi
aRniSnuli sargebliT.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me-11 muxli da SeniSvna sazRvravs im vadas, romel­
Siac qonebis patrons unda mieces safasuri. maSasadame, es muxli rom
amoviRoT, rogorc amas moiTxovs social-federalistebis fraqcia,
gamova, rom Cven ar gvecodineba, rodis unda misces qonebis patrons
safasuri saxelmwifom. maSasadame, es Sesworeba miuRebelia.
rac Seexeba meore Sesworebas social-demokratiuli fraqciisa,
es qmnis iseT pirobebs, romelSiac qalaqs da erobebs ufro SeRava­
Tian pirobebSi SeuZlianT ganaxorcielon Tavisi saqme, ese igi miscen
safasuri ramdenime xnis ganmavlobaSi nawil-nawilad, rom qalaqi da
erobebi moklebulni ar iqnebian SeZlebas sazogadoebrivi saqme gaa­
keTon. am mxriv Sesworeb misaRebi aris, iuridiuli komisiis azriT.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre, rom amoiSalos SeniSvna me-11 mux­
lisa? Sesworeba uaryofili gaxlavT. maSasadame SeniSvna rCeba.
exla winadadebaa Semotanili social-demokratiuli fraqciis
mier, rom SeniSvna Seicvalos Semdegnairad: (kiTxulobs). Sesworeba
miRebuli gaxlavT. vin aris winaaRmdegi me-11 muxlisa? me-11 muxli
miRebuli aris.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-12, me-13, me-14, me-15, me-16, me-17, me-18
da me-19 muxlebs, romelnic kenWis yriT miRebulni arian).
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba gaxlavT es me-19 muxli srulebiT amoiS­
alos. es gaxlavT federalistTa winadadeba. momxseneblis azri.
momxsenebeli. es debuleba saWiro aris. kanonSi unda iyos, Tu es
amoviReT, maSin SesaZlebelia gansazRvra marto safasurisa. aiReT
qoneba, da safasuri gansazRvreT. rac Seexeba zarals da windawin
raime xarjis gawevas, maSin eqneba ufleba, rom ufro samarTliani
fasi gadaswyvitos. amitom es Sesworeba ar aris misaRebi. (Sesworeba
kenWis yriT uaryofilia).
momxsenebeli. kiTxulobs me-26 muxls.
Tavmjdomare. unda mogaxsenoT, yofila Semotanili Sesworeba
me-4 muxlisa, magram es Sesworeba Semotanili iyo calke muxlad.
(ar ismis) bodiSs vixdi Tqvens winaSe, unda mogaxsenoT, rom TviT
Sesworeba aseTi gaxlavT (kiTxulobs) me-4 muxlis ukanaskneli wina­
dadeba Seicvalos Semdegi sityvebiT: „saerTo ricxvis or mesa­
medze“. aseTi gaxlavT me-4 muxlis Sesworeba, social-demokratiul
fraqciis mier Semotanili. sityvis msurveli aravin aris. momxsene­
blis daskvna.

348
 momxsenebeli. es Sesworeba misaRebi aris, imitom, rom es gansaz­
Rvravs kvalificiur umravlesobas. saerTo ricxvi uzrunvelyofs
imas, rom ufro awonil-dawonili iqneba saqme, da ufro mizanSe­
wonilad gadawydeba is. amitom iuridiuli komisia ar aris winaaRm­
degi, rom es Sesworeba miRebuli iyos. (kenWis yriT miRebulia. kanoni
saerTod miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT, moisminoT Semdegi sxdomis wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs Semdeg dRiur wesrigs).
Tavmjdomare. aq rasakvirvelia daemateba ori sakiTxi, romelic
dRes ar ganixila, pirvelad daismeba krebis wevris asaTianis wina­
dadeba.
kreba daxuruli gaxlavT. sxdoma Tavdeba 3 saaTsa da 7 wuTze.

349
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaTxuTmete sxdoma

1919 weli, paraskevi, ivlisis 11. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe,
konstantine jafariZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dRis 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT moaxsenoT dRiu­
ri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs dRiur wesrigs).

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti _ saqarTvelos respublikis bonis gamocemis

dekretisa.
2. saboloo teqsti kanonproeqtisa _ uZrav qonebis iZulebiT Cam­
orTmevis, droebiT daWeris da mis sargeblobaSi monawileobis dawe­
sebis Sesaxeb _ saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis.
3. dekreti _ 1917 w. martis 20 kanonis moqmedebis gangrZobisa.
4. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ SeiraRebul Zal­
Ta mowyobis Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mmarTv­
elobis mowyobis Sesaxeb.

351
 6. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro pirTa
xarisxebis debulebis Secvlis Sesaxeb.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficrebis, samxe­
dro moxeleebis da samRvdeloebis Sesaxeb.
8. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficerTa da ja­
riskacTa tanisamosis formis Sesaxeb.
9. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mfrina­
vTa damatebiTi jamagiris Sesaxeb haerSi frenisTvis.
10. gareSe saqmeTa komisiis winadadeba _ am komisiis mudmivad
gadaqcevis Sesaxeb.
11. SekiTxva erovnul-demokratiul fraqciisa mTavrobisadmi _
soxumis olqis mdgomareobis da ambebis Sesaxeb.
12. dekreti _ samxedro saWiroebisaTvis 15 milioni maneTis ga­
dadebisa.
13. dekreti _ 1919 w. ianvris 1-mde samxedro saministros mier
gaweuli xarjebis dasafaravad xuTi mil. maneTis gadadebisa.
14. saxelmwifo kontrolioris amxanagis arCeva.
Tavmjdomare. dRiuri wesrigi miRebulia. pirveli sakiTxi gax­
lavT saboloo teqsti saqarTvelos respublikis bonis gamocemis
dekretisa. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. kanon-proeqti miRebulia. Semdegi sakiTxi aris.

dekreti 1917 wlis martis 20 kanonis moqmedebis

gagrZelebisa.

momxsenebelia fircxalaiSvili.
ilia fircxalaiSvili. (s.-d.) droebiTi mTavrobam 20 marts 1917
w. gamosca kooperativebis kanoni, romlis ZaliT kooperativebis amx­
anagobis da maTi kavSiris registracia unda momxdariyo 2 wlis gan­
mavlobaSi dRidan kanonis gamocemisa.
kanoni iyo gamocemuli 1917 w. 1 maiss da misi vada gavida 1919 w.
1 maiss. Tqven iciT, rom ruseTis kanonebi CvenSi ZalaSi aris, Tu esa
Tu is kanoni sagangebo kanoniT ar aris gauqmebuli. es kanonic Cven­
Si ZalaSia. dRes ori weliwadi gavida da CvenSi, Cvens teritoriaSi,
mravali kooperativebi darCa, romlis registracia ar moxda da rom
kooperativTa amxanageoba da maTi kavSiri kanonis gareSe ar darCe­
niliyvnen amier-kavkasiis kooperativis kavSiri da vaWroba-mrewve­
lobis da finansTa saministrom aRZra Suamdgomloba, rom am kanonis
vada gagrZelebuli iyos pirvels maiss 1920 wlamde. finansTa da vaW­
roba-mrewvelobis saministrom SeimuSava dekreti, warudgina iurid­
iul komisias da iuridiul komisiam misaRebad scno es dekreti. da es

352
aris is dekreti, romelic Tqven iuridiuli komisia gidgenT dasamt­
kiceblad.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva? sityvis msurveli aravi­
naa. vin aris winaaRmdegi muxlobriv ganxilvisa? muxlobrivi ganxil­
va miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
fircxalaiSvili. (kiTxulobs dekrets muxlobriv).
Tavmjdomare. dekreti miRebulia. Semdegi kanon-proeqtis pir­
veli (zogadi) ganxilva SeiaraRebul ZalTa mowyobis Sesaxeb. unda
mogaxsenoT, rom es gancxadebis dros ar iyo Semotanili, mgram me iZu­
lebuli var mogaxsenoT: umorCilesad gTxovT, rom saTanado muxli
reglamentisa iyos daculi. gancxadeba aris aseTi: dRevandel wesrig­
Si (ar ismis) aRniSnuli kanon-proeqti imdenad mniSvnelovani aris,
(ar ismis) rom misi ganxilva SeuZleblad miaCnia sabiudjeto komi­
sias, amitom winadadeba Semoaqvs samxedro kanon-proeqti moxsnili
iqnes. sityva ekuTvnis WavWaniZes.
i. WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno, am kanon-proeqts Tan axlavs Statebi, am
Statebis ganxilva iseTi advili saqme ar aris, rom maTi ganxilva Sei­
Zlebodes 2-3 dRis ganmavlobaSi, yvela es Statebi unda iyos ganxi­
luli sabiujeto komisiis mier, da radganac saswrafod ar SeuZlian
am Statebis ganxilva, _ sabiujeto komisia moiTxovs es kanon-proeq­
ti moixsnas dRevandel wesrigidan, da gadidos misi ganxilva, sanam
sabiujeto komisia moaswrobs yvela am kanon-proeqtebTan darTuli
Statebis ganxilvas da miRebas, Tavis mxriv komisia hpirdeba, rom
rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT ganixilavs da warmoudgens damfuZnebel
krebas.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, Tqveni winadadeba aris yvela kanon-pro­
eqti moixsnas? gTxovT daasaxeloT.
WavWaniZe. (kiTxulobs: me-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. sul 6 kanon-proeqti).
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, kanon-proeqtebi moxsnili aris. Semdegi
sakiTxi gaxlavT gareSe saqmeTa komisiis winadadeba _ am komisiis mud­
miv komisiaT daarsebis Sesaxeb.
sityva ekuTvnis mdivans.
svimon mdivani. damfuZnebel krebam ganixila winadadeba erovnul-
demokratebis fraqciisa, imis Sesaxeb, rom daarsebuliyos mudmivi ga­
reSe saqmeTa komisia. social-demokratiul frqaciis saxeliT Semot­
anili iyo Sesworeba am winadadebaSi. fraqcia iZleoda winadadebas,
daarsebuliyo ara mudmivi komisiebi, Cveulebriv, rogorc arseboben
sxva komisiebi, aramed mxolod droebiTi da droebiTi xarjT-aRricx­
va eZleoda komisias, imitom rom maSin muSaobda amier-kavkasiis kon­
ferencia, da is droebiTi komisia gareSe saqmes daupirdapires ami­
er-kavkasiis _ konferenciis muSaobas; da es winadadeba laparakobda
imas, rom es komisia iarsebebs, sanam imuSavebs amier-kavkasiis konfer­
encia. Semdeg ki Tu davinaxeT, rom es komisia saWiro iqneba, Cven am
komisias gadavaqcevT mudmivad.

353
 dRes, marTalia am komisiis muSaoba ar aris damTavrebuli,
Sewyvetilia droebiT, magram Cven danamdvilebiT SegviZlian vsTq­
vaT, rom am komisiis muSaoba Seswydeba am mokle xanSi, daamTavre­
ben Tu ara am sakiTxs. magram, imave dros, gamoirkva erTi ram: rom am
komisiis arseboba ise, rogorc is dRes arsebobs, yovlad SeuZlebe­
li aris. amgvar komisiis arsebobas ar moiTxovs saqmis garemoeba, es
komisia unda TavisTavad moispos, rodesac oficialurad daixureba
amier-kavkasiis konferencia, magram TviT komisiis azri aris Semde­
gi: am komisiis arseboba mudmivad saWiro aris, saWiroa Tval-yuri
vadevnoT da CaverioT sagareo saministros cxovrebaSi, ise, rogorc
Sesaferi komisiebi erevian ama Tu im uwyebis mdgomareobaSi. Cvens wi­
naSe wamoiWra mravali sakiTxi, romlebsac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
aqvs respublikisaTvis, ise, rogorc sxva saministroSi saqmes. TviT
saministros xarjTaRricxva unda iyos ganxiluli am mokle xanSi. Cven
ar gvaqvs saTanado komisia, romelsac unda gadaeces xarjT-aRricxva
gareSe saqmeTa saministros mier.
kidev mogaxsenebT sxva sakiTxebzed, romlebic CvenTvis friad
mniSvnelovani arian, romlis gadawyveta ase Tu ise saWiroa moxdes
ministris da komisiis SeTanxmebiT da garda imisa saWiro aris, rom
gareSe saqmeTa saministros kavSiri hqondes yovel fraqciasTan da
Tavis droze fraqciebs cnoba hqondes dRevandel gareSe politikis
mdgomareobazed. amitom winadadebas iZleva gareSe saqmeTa komisia,
rom es komisia gadaqceuli iqmnes mudmiv komisiaT imave konstituci­
iT, ra konstituciiTac arsebobs danarCen komisiebSi.
Tavmjdomare. winadadebaa sagareo komisiis mier Semotanili:
(kiTxulobs) vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, winadadeba miRebu­
lia. Semdegi gaxlavT SekiTxva erovnul-demokratebis fraqciisa
mTavrobisadmi soxumis olqis mdgomreobis da ambebis Sesaxeb. keTil
inebeT, waikiTxeT teqsti. (mdivani kiTxulobs). sityva ekuTvnis kre­
bis wevrs kedias.
spiridon kedia. (n.-d.) Tqven gaxsovT, batonebo, rom im SekiTxvaSi,
romelic am erTi kviris win aq SemovitaneT, aRZruli iyo sakiTxi afxaz­
eTis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. maSin, mTavrobis warmomadgenelma, aRniS­
na, _ am SekiTxvis friadi sirTule, misi didi mniSvneloba, amasTanave
is garemoeba, rom mas xelT ar hqonda sakmao sabuTi pasuxis gasacemad
da mdgmareobis farTed gasaSuqeblad da sTxova damfuZnebel krebas
es SekiTxva erTi kviriT gadagvedo. Tqven iciT, rom SemkiTxvelma amas
mxari dauWira. am erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi saqmis axlo gacnobam kidev
ufro daarwmuna Cveni mTavroba, rom mdgomareoba iSviaTad rTuli
iyo. mTavrobis azriT mimdinare pirobebSi am mdgomareobis Sesaxeb,
saerTo kamaTisa da msjelobis gaSla arc Tu sasurvelia; dRes mTav­
roba kidev axal vadas saWiroebs, rom metis guldasmiT da metis seri­
ozulobiT gaecnos da daafasos is faqtebi, romelic am sakiTxs exeba.
Cven angariSs uwevT mTavrobis am gancxadebas, radaganac Cveni mizani,

354
rogorc es aRvniSne SekiTxvis Setanis dResve, iyo, aris da iqneba is,
rom afxazeTis dRevandeli mdgomareoba metad rTuli da, vityvi Cven
respublikisTvis saxifaTo, iyos saerTo ZalRoniT gamorkveuli da
wesrigSi moyvanili, rom saerTo ZalRoniT acilebul iqnas is xifaTi,
romelic Cven mogvelis. exla am mosazrebiT mTavrobis mdgomareobas
da gancxadebas angariSs vuwevT, rogorc warsulSi, arc exla Cven ar
Semogvitania arc erTi gancxadeba sxva mizniT, Tu ara saxelmwifoe­
briv da sazogadoebriv interesiT. amas vlaparakobT ara imisTvis, rom
vinme davajeroT, aramed mxolod imisTvis, rom aq iyos am gancxadebis
aqti. amgvarad, mTavrobis survils vakmayofilebT da sxva droisTvis
gadavdebT am SekiTxvas, im droisTvis, sanam mTavrobas da yvela dain­
teresebul pirs, xelT eqneba yoveli saWiro sabuTi, rom rac SeiZleba
racionalurad da saxelmwifos interesebisTvis mizanSewonilad ga­
daiWras afxazeTis sakiTxi, egzom mwvave, egzom saxifaTo.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis mTavrobis warmomadgenels.
petre geleiSvili. mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris davalebiT mogaxsen­
ebT, rom dRevandeli ganxilva am SekiTxvisa unda iyos gadadebuli,
radganac soxumidan saWiro masala ar aris miRebuli, amitom gTxovT
gadasdoT es SekiTxva.
Tavmjdomare. SekiTxva gadadebulia. Semdegi sakiTxia _ dam­
fuZnebel krebis wevris al. asaTianis winadadeba saxalxo-sameurneo
komisiis arCevis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis asaTians.
al. asaTiani. (erovn.-dem.) batonebo! me winadadeba Semovitane dam­
fuZnebel krebaSi, rom arCeuli iqmnas mudmivis saxalxo meurneobis
komisia. am winadadebis Semotanis dros me xelvmZRvanelobdi Semdegi
mosazrebiT: Cveni muSaoba, _ sanam Cven ar dagvimkvidrebia uflebrivi
saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba, _ ara-normalur pirobebSi viTardeba. me
vfiqrob, rom is sakanonmdeblo muSaoba, roelsac Cven aq vawarmoebT,
savsebiT ar hfaravs im saWiroebebs, romlebsac uyenebs cxovreba da
saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebis aRmSeneblobis interesebi. damfuZnebels
krebaSi, Cven gvaqvs mravali komisiebi, romlebic muSaoben saxelmwi­
foebriv cxovrebis ama Tu im dargSi. ekonomiur sakiTxSi gasarkvevad,
Cven gvaqvs safinanso-sabiujeto komisia, gvaqvs gzaTa komisia, Sromis
komisia, agraruli komisia da sxva. da yovelive es komisiebi muSaoben
ama Tu im uwyebis sferoSi da sakanonmdeblo muSaobas awarmoeben ama
Tu im saministros mier warmodgenil kanon-proeqtis ganxilviT Tu
sakuTari iniciativiT imave sakiTxebis aRZvriT. magram me vfiqrob,
imisTvis, rom Cven saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobaSi sistema gvqondes
da iyos mTliani gegma ekonomiuri kiTxvebis gadasaWrelad da mo­
sagvareblad, saWiro aris damfuZnebel krebaSi iyos iseTi komisia,
romelSiac es saerTo gegma da saerTo gezi SemuSavdeba garkveuli
ekonomiuri politikis sawarmoeblad.
arseboba komisiis, romelic yvela mTavar sakiTxebs gamoarkvevs
saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi TvalsazrisiT da ara romelime uwyebis

355
TvalsazrisiT, did saWiroebas warmoadgens kidev imisTvis, rom yve­
la uwyebam imuSaos ukve gansakuTrebul maTTvis miCneul kalapotSi
da rom yvela uwyebas garkveuli hqondes sfero Tavisi muSaobisa. da­
moukideblobis arsebobis pirveli wlis ganmavlobaSi, Cven uwyebebs
mravaljer hqonda SemTxveva, rom ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxen maT Soris
dava da uTanxmoeba atexiliyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu romel uwyebas unda
ekuTvnodes esa Tu is nawili saxelmwifo mmarTvelobisa, vis gamge­
blobaSi unda darCes is da sx. iyo magaliTad dava imis Sesaxeb, Tu
romel uwyebaSi unda yofiliyo, vsTqvaT, navTsadgurebi, tyibulis
maRaroebi, momaragebis komiteti da sxva. da es sakiTxebi ar swydeboda
saerTo gegmis mixedviT, saerTo ekonomiur miznis gaTvaliswinebiT,
aramed xSirad imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli uwyeba ufro damTmobi iyo
da romel uwyebas meti survili hqonda am saqmeebis miTvisebisa. aseTi
komisiis xelmZRvanelobiT gamomuSavdeba iseTi wesi, romlis Semwe­
obiT yvela uwyebis muSaoba Tavis kalapotSi Cadgeba da, rasakvirve­
lia, aseTi dava da uTanxmoeba ufro naklebi iqneba.
magram aseTi komisias kidev ufro rTuli daniSnuleba aqvs. man
unda ganixilos da gaarkvios yvela rTuli ekonomiur-finansiu­
ri sakiTxebi, romelic damfuZnebel krebaSi aRiZvreba. saxelmwifo
qonebis eqspluatacia, misi gamoyeneba, koncesiebis wesis SemuSaveba
da gacema da sx.; savaWro xelSekrulebebis dadeba, saSinao da sagareo
savaWro politikis warmoeba da sazogadoT yvela saxalxo da saxelm­
wifo meurneobis kiTxvebi am komisiis kompetencias unda Seadgendes.
saxelmwifo aparats saTanado Zala ar moepoveba, aRZruli aris mrava­
li sakiTxis Sesaxeb, ai am sakiTxebis saerTo saxelmwifoebriv Tval­
sazrisiT ganxilva, Seswavla da awon-dawonva, me vfiqrob, uaRres
saWiroebas warmoadgens damfuZnebeli krebisTvis, da vinaidan Cven ar
mogvepoveba arc erTi komisia, romelsac dakisrebuli hqondes saer­
To xasiaTis ekonomiuri _ kiTxvebis mogvareba, amitom me winadadebas
viZlevi, rom daarsdes gansakuTrebuli, _ ekonomiuri komisia, _ ro­
melsac daekisreba aseTi muSaoba.
am Jamad yvela am morig sakiTxebis ganxilvas sabiujeto komis­
ia kisrulobs, magram, mogexsenebaT, rom erTi komisia, sabiujeto
komisia, Zlivs Tu moereva specialurad sabiujeto muSaobas, mogex­
senebaT, rom yovelive Tqven mier SemuSavebuli dekreti, Tu kanoni,
gadadis sabiujeto komisiaSi maTi biujetis TvalsazrisiT gansax­
ilvelad. es morigi sakiTxebi, romlebic pirdapir Cven biujets Se­
exeba, ise vrceli da didia, rom sabiujeto komisias, rasakvirvelia,
ar eqneba saSvaleba amas garda awarmovos kidev metad safuZvliani,
metad mZime muSaoba, iseT sferoSi, romelic pirdapir biujets ki
ar Seexeba, aramed saerTod Cven ekonomiur cxovrebas. amitom aris,
rom yvela parlamentebSi sabiujeto komisiisTvis specialuri
komisia arsdeba da sxva ekonomiur sakiTxebisTvis ki gansakuTre­
buli finansiuri, ekonomiuri komisia. me vfiqrob, rom aucilebel

356
saWiroebas warmoadgens, rom aseTi komisia damfuZnebel krebaSic
daarsdes.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis TofuriZes.
diomide TofuriZe. (s.-d.) batonebo! iseTi komisiebi unda daars­
des, romlis daarseba warmoadgens aucilebel saWiroebas, rogorc
brZana momxsenebelma, misi azriT, axali komisia unda daarsdes,
imitom, rom unda SeviswavloT Cveni ekonomiuri mdgomareoba, Se­
viswavloT is winadadebebi, romlebsac wamoayenebs cxovreba da am
sferoSi amnairaT gauadviloT muSaoba, rogorc parlaments ise
mTavrobas. momxseneblis azriT es calke komisiis daarseba imisTvis
aris saWiro, rom sabiujeto komisias awevs didi Sroma da dro ar
darCeba, rom moerios am did sakiTxebsac. me mgonia, rom es ese ar
aris. marTla, vsTqvaT, daarsda calke komisia, sameurneo, am komisi­
am Seiswavla esa Tu is sakiTxi, romelsac albad eqneba didi ekonomi­
uri mniSvneloba; rom is, rasac didi saxelmwifoebrivi, ekonomiuri
mniSvneloba aqvs, mas imav dros aqvs didi finansiuri mniSvnelobac.
ekonomiuri mdgomareoba aris bazisi Cveni finansebis keTil mowyo­
bisa. maSasadame, yovelgvari aseTi winadadeba, aseTi gamokvleva
unda gadavides sabiujeto komisiaSi, es aucilebel saWiroebas
warmoadgens da sabiujeto komisiam xelaxlad es unda Seiswavlos,
gaiTvaliswinos da Semdeg unda gadavides damfuZnebel krebaSi.
ra xdeba amnairad? xdeba is, rac xdeba zogierT komisiis SigniT. aq
sdgeba mcire komisiebi, an da iyofa komisiebi ramdenime nawilad
kidev; Semdeg Seiswavlian sxva da sxva mxriv, Semdeg Segrovdebian
erTad, iTvaliswineben am sakiTxs yovelmxriv da saerTo daskvna
gamoaqvT. Tu es ese aris, _ da es aris ase, _ rasakvirvelia, maSasa­
dame, calke daarseba iseT komisiis, rogoric surs momxsenebels, ki
ar gaaadvilebs Sromas, ufro gaarTulebs, met xalxs moindomebs,
meti wevrebi dagvWirdeba, meti dro dagvekargeba da sabolood is
isev miva sabiujeto komisiaSi. es erTi: meore, aqvs Tu ara saSuale­
ba da dro sabiujeto komisias aseTi sakiTxis SemuSavebisa. pirvel
debulebidan sCans, rom sabiujeto komisia valdebulia sameurneo
sakiTxebi Seiswavlos, maSasadame, aqvs Tu ara aqvs dro _ mainc unda
Seiswavlos. meore mxriv sabiujeto komisias, marTalia dRes didi
Sroma awevs, magram isic unda mogaxsenoT, aseTi Sroma imitom awevs,
rom jer-jerobiT biujeti ar aris SemuSavebuli, jer-jerobiT ar
aris iseTi kanon-proeqti finansiurad damuSavebuli, romelic unda
gatardes am mokle xanSi; magram, meore mxriv, isic kargad mogexsen­
ebaT, rom biujeti ukve warmodgenilia saministrosagan. ai, swored
am or-sam Tvis ganmavlobaSi es biujeti unda iqnes SemuSavebuli da
Tqvens winaSe warmodgenili. rodesac biujetis ganxilva damTavr­
deba, maSin ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba sabiujeto komisia, usaTuod
mas eqneba bevri Tavisufali dro. aseT pirobebSi me mimaCnia savse­
biT umiznod da usabuTod aseTi kiTxvis dasma da axali komisiis

357
daarseba. dRemdis safinanso-sabiujeto komisia mxolod faqtiurad
ayenebda da arCevda ekonomiur kiTxvebs; xolo ki me mimaCnia saWirod
daevalos safinanso-sabiujeto komisias aseTi kiTxvebis garCeva, da
komisiam gamohyos Tu es saWiro iqneba, mcire komisia, romelic aseT
kiTxvebs ufro guldasmiT ganixilavs, da ufro valdebuli iqne­
ba aseT kiTxvebis Seswavlisa. me mgoni amnairad mowyobili komis­
ia ufro mizanSewonili iqneba, amnairad mowyobili komisia ufro
organiulad warmoadgens erT iseT mTlians, romelic erT da imave
dros gaiTvaliswinebs, rogorc ekonomiur mxares sakiTxebisa, ise
maT finansiur mniSvnelobas, da amiT, rasakvirvelia, saqme ufro ri­
gianad gamoirkveva da is mizani, romelsac exla gviyenebs b. asaTiani
ufro safuZvlianad da savsebiT iqneba mixweuli. amitom Cveni wina­
dadeba aris, winadadeba b. asaTianis iqnes uaryofili da aseTi kiTx­
vebi, rogorc dRemdis iyo faqtiurad, ise momavalSi muSavdebodes
sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaSi da es gaxdes mis movaleobaT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvis krebis wevrs asaTians.
aleqsandre asaTiani. (n.-d.) damfuZnebel krebis wevri Tofur­
iZe fiqrobs, rom vinaidan TiTqmis yvela sakiTxebi, romelic axals
sameurneo komisiaSi gairCeva, ukeTu is davaarseT, sabolood sabiu­
jeto komisiaSi unda gadavides, vinaidan TiTqmis yovelive aseTs
sakiTxs sabiujeto mniSvneloba eqneba. aseTi komisiis daarseba saW­
iro ar aris. ase rom gavsajoT sakiTxi, maSin aRar iqneba saWiro,
rom arsebobdes gzaTa komisia, ganaTlebis komisia da sx. yvela aseTi
komisiebi Tavis specialur sferoSi sakiTxebs swyveten da imdenad
ramdenad maT eqnebaT sabiujeto mniSvneloba da xasiaTi, es sakiTx­
ebi gadadis safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaSi da sabiujeto-safinanso
komisiam unda Tavis daskvna misces am sakiTxebs. gana aqedan SeiZleba
aseTi daskvnis gamotana, rom vinaidan es sakiTxebi gadadis safinan­
so-sabiujeto komisiaSi da biujetis TvalsazrisiT ixileba, ar unda
arsebobdes maTTvis specialuri komisia?
rac Seexeba imas, rom Cven biujets davamuSavebT da bevri dro
gveqneba aseTi sakiTxebi specialurad SeviswavloTo, me vfiqrob,
rom sabiujeto sakiTxebi ise vrceli da rTulia, rom erTma komisiam
momavalSi is dasZlios ise, rom bevri dro darCes sxva rTul sakiTx­
ebis gadasaWrelad. am Jamad ki, Tu Cven ver vwyvetT am sabiujeto
morig sakiTxebs, amaTanave Cvens winaSe dgeba udidesi morigi sakiTxi
ekonomiuri xasiaTisa _ Sesaxeb savaWro, sasursaTo politikisa, Ses­
axeb saxelmwifo qonebis eqsploataciisa da sxva. Cven ar SegviZlian
ucadoT im dros, rodesac safinanso komisia ganTavisufldeba Tavis
muSaobisagan, rac Cemis azriT ar SeiZleab moxdes arasodes, vinaidan
mas mudam didi samuSao eqneba. ar SegviZlian ucadoT im dros, rode­
sac es komisia ise ganTavisufldeba, rom es didi sakiTxi man dasZlios,
da Tavis mcire komisiaSi gaarkvios, ase, rom aq ar aris warmodgenili
arc erTi sabuTi Cemi winadadebis winaaRmdeg.

358
 rac Seexeba b. TofuriZis gancxadebas, me piradad gakvirveba unda
gamovsTqva, imitom, rom me aqamdis vfiqrobdi, rom es azri Sesaxeb ase­
Ti komisiis daarsebisa ara marto Cemi azria, aramed b. TofuriZisac.
jer ramodenime Tvis wineT gauziare mas Cemi azri da man ganmicxada,
_ me mixarian, rom Tqvenc aseTi azris yofilxarT. me amis Sesaxeb ukve
maqvs SemuSavebuli saTanado winadadebao. amis Semdgom me dRemdis
velodi mis winadadebas da mis molodinSi aseTi winadadeba ar Semom­
qonda. (xma: es fraqciis azria!) b. TofuriZes ar gamoucxadebia, rom
es fraqciis azria, aseTi komisiis saWiroeba, aRniSnula sxva da sxva
komisiebSi. agreTve Cven sabiujeto komisiis zogierTi wevrebi am
azrisa arian, da isini ar arian aseT optimizmiT gamsWvalulni, rom
maT SeuZlianT dasZlion auarebeli sabiujeto muSaoba da SesZlon
agreTve aseTi udidesi sakiTxebis garkveva da Seswavla Tavis patara
komisiebSi. amitom me vfiqrob, rom aq, damfuZnebel krebis wevreb­
Si aravis ar gamouTqvams, aravis ar daumtkicebia, rom aseT udides
sakiTxebs am Jamad hyavT Tavis patroni, iseTi patroni, romelic spe­
cialurad amazed fiqrobs, amaze zrunavs, romelsac aqvs amisTvis
pasuxismgebloba. sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaSi iyo erTi iseTi mag­
aliTi, rodesac man aRZra erTi didi sakiTxi ekonomiuri xasiaTisa
_ Sesaxeb sagareo vaWrobis politikisa. Tqven gaxsovT ramdenad da­
muSavebuli iyo es sakiTxi, da damfuZnebel krebas dasWirda 3-4-jer
misi moxsna. aseT udides sakiTxis, sxvaTaSoris, gadawyveta da gadaW­
ra, me vfiqrob, Zalian samZimo da saxifaTo iqneba damfuZnebel kre­
bisTvis da sazogadod Cveni respublikisTvis, aucileblad saWiroa,
rom arsebobdes specialuri komisia.
Tavmjdomare. gaxlavT ori winadadeba Semotanili: erTi b. asa­
Tianis mier, rom daarsdes mudmivi komisia ekonomiuri, da meore _ so­
cial-demokratiuli fraqciisa, rom uaryofili iqnes es winadadeba.
kenWs uyri. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, winadadeba b. asaTianisa
uaryofilia. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT dekreti _ samxedro saWiroebi­
sTvis 15 milion maneTis gadadebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli giorgi anjafariZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, rogorc mogex­
senebaT samxedro uwyebas mravali xarjebi sWiria xarjT-aRricxvis
gareSe. sxvaTaSoris Tqven gexsomebaT, rodesac somxebTan omi swar­
moebda, maSin parlamentma gadaswyvita gaexsna samxedro uwyebisT­
vis 25 milionis krediti. am Jamad es krediti sruliad amowuruli
aris, da saWiroeba ki, rasakvirvelia, ar mospobila, gansakuTrebiT
Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi am garemoebas, romelmac Cven gvaiZula dag­
vedo xelSekruleba aderbeijanTan. ai, am mosazrebis gamo samxedro
saministro iTxovs, rom gaxsnili iqnes krediti 15 milion maneTisa.
Tavmjdomare. zogadi msjelobisTvis sityva aravis ar surs? vin
aris winaaRmdegi, rom SeudgeT muxlobriv ganxilvas? winaaRmdegi
aravin aris. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.

359
 anjafariZe. (kiTxulobs. damfuZnebeli kreba dekrets Rebulobs
muxlobriv).
Tavmjdomare. muxlobriv kenWis yriT dekreti miRebulia da ga­
daecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT _ dekreti 1915
wlis ianvris pirvelamde samxedro saministros mier gaweul xarjeb­
is dasafaravad 5 milioni maneTis gadadebisa. momxsenebeli gaxlavT
anjafariZe,
giorgi anjafariZe. vinaidan jerjerobiT ar aris warmodegnili
saxelmwifo kontrolis daskvna am dekretis Sesaxeb, amitom sabiuje­
to komisia iTxovs, rom es dekreti iqnes moxsnili dRevandel wesri­
gidan.
Tavmjdomare. Tqven amas brZanebT, magram unda mogaxsenoT, rom
bodiSs vixdi, magram aq safinanso komisiis mier es dekreti aris
warmodgenili da xeli mowerili safinanso komisiis Tavmjdomaris
mier. me vTxov komisias erTxel da samudamod, Semoitanos kanoni am
dekretis, mxolod maSin, rodesac saboloo daskvna aqvs mas miRebuli.
gaxlavT winadadeba Semotanili, radganac saxelmwifo kontro­
lioris daskvna ara aqvs dekrets, amitom safinanso komisia Txou­
lobs moixsnas es sakiTxi. kenWs uyri. vin aris momxre gadadebisa?
miRebulia ukanaskneli sakiTxi, rogorc mogexsenebaT, unda moxdes
faruli kenWis yriT. gTxovT, gamoarkvioT aris Tu ara qvorumi. unda
mogaxsenoT, rom Semdegi gancxadeba aris saxelmwifo kontrolior­
isa: Tanaxmad... (kiTxulobs). aris Tu ara qvorumi? qvorumi aris. ma­
Sasadame, erTad-erTi kontrolioris amxanagad aris dasaxelebuli.
saxelmwifo kontroliori asaxelebs konstantine andronikaSvils.
gTxovT, daurigoT baraTebi. (baraTebi darigebulia. faruli kenWis
yra xdeba.) gTxovT daTvaloT. (mdivnebi sTvlian baraTebs. gTxovT mo­
isminoT. momxre aris 41, winaaRmdegi 2, Tavi Seikava 2-ma, da 2 carieli
aris. erTSi sxva kandidati aris dasaxelebuli. amgvarad andronik­
aSvili gaxlavT amorCeuli. gTxovT moisminoT Semdegi dRis wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs dRiur wesrigs).
sxdoma ixureba naSuadRevis 3 saaTsa da 25 w.

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 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaTeqvsmete sxdoma

samSabaTi, 1919 weli, ivlisis 15. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umfrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
simon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.

kreba iwyeba 12 saaTze.

Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti _ kooperatiul amxanagobaTa da kavSirTa

registraciis vadis 1917 w. martis 20 kanonis moqmedebis gangrZobis
dekretisa.
2. saboloo teqsti _ samxedro saWiroebisaTvis 15 milioni mane­
Tis gadadebis Sesaxeb.
3. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kaon-proeqtisa _ centralur sas­
tatistiko komitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
4. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saaqcizo da sapa­
tento gadasaxadis gadidebis Sesaxeb.

361
 5. dekreti _ daba onis qalaqad damtkicebisa.
6. dekreti _ saqarTvelos qalaqebis da samazro erobaTa sasarge­
bloT _ erTdrouli sasanitaro gadasaxadis SemoRebisa.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mmarTv­
elobis mowyobis Sesaxeb.
8. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ SeiaraRebul Zal­
Ta mowyobis Sesaxeb.
9. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro begaris
da SeiaraRebul ZalTa Sevsebis Sesaxeb.
10. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro pirTa
xarisxebis debulebis Secvlis Sesaxeb.
11. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficrebis, samx­
edro moxeleebis da samRvdeloebisaTvis axali jamagirebis Sesaxeb.
12. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficerTa da
jaris kacTa tanisamosis formis Sesaxeb.
13. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mfri­
navTa damatebiTi jamagiris Sesaxeb, haerSi frenisaTvis.
14. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa SeiaraRebul Zal­
Ta reorganizaciis Sesaxeb.
am wesrigis Tanaxmad safinanso komisiis Tavmjdomaris gancxa­
debisa dRes unda moisxnas meoTxe sakiTxi kanon-proeqti saaqcizo-sa­
patento gadasaxadis gadidebis Sesaxeb. misi ganxilva ar daumTavre­
bia komisias da amitom gTxovT moixsnas.
danarCenis Sesaxeb surs vismes Tu ara sityva? dRiuri wesrigi
miRebuli gaxlavT. pirveli sakiTxis Sesaxeb momxsenebelia soloRaS­
vilis asuli.
q. anna soloRaSvilis asuli. (kiTxulobs dRiur wesrigis 1 da
2 muxlebSi aRniSnul sakanonmdeblo aqtTa saboloo teqstebs. sab­
oloo teqstebi muxlobriv ganxilvis Semdeg krebis mier damtkice­
bul iqnen).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT.

kanon-proeqti centralur statistikur

komitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri fircxalaiSvili.

ilia fircxalaiSvili. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno! rogorc kerZo pirisT­
vis saWiroa, icodes Tu ra xdeba mis garSemo da ras SeuZlia esa Tu
is gavlena iqonios mis arsebobaze, ise sazogadoebriv dawesebulebi­
sTvis da miT ufro saxelmwifosTvis Tavisi mdgomareobiT saWiroa,
rom mas hqondes naTeli warmodgena sazogadoebriv cxovrebis sxva
da sxva mxareebzed. erobam da qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobam ar Sei­
Zleba ar icodes qalaqSi da mazraSi ricxvi saswavlebelSi misaReb

362
axal Taobisa, Tu es maT ar ician, maT ar SeuZlianT, daakamyofilon
xalxis saWiroeba swavla-ganaTlebis mxriv. erobam da qalaqis TviT­
mmarTvelobam ar SeiZleba ar icodes saerTo ricxvi mcxovrebTa
da dabadebulTa ama Tu im welSi. da Tu es saWiroa sazogadoebriv
dawesebulebisTvis, miT ufro es saWiroa saxelmwifosTvis. saxelm­
wifos, magaliTad, ar SeuZlian ar icodes saerTo ricxvi im pirTa,
romlebsac mosaxdeli aqvs samxedro begara; bevri aseTi magaliTebis
moyvana SeiZleba da yvela aseTi cnobebis miReba SeiZleba mxolod
statistikur organizaciis saSualebiT. yovel sakiTxs: sasursaTo,
finansiur, swavla-ganaTlebis mWidro kavSiri aqvs statistikasTan.
saqarTvelos respublikis teritoriaze ki statistika imyofeba pir­
velyofiTi mdgomareobaSi. saxelmwifos xSirad ama Tu im sakiTxis
gadawyveta uxdeba varaudiT, vinaidan mis gankargulebaSi ar imyofe­
ba saWiro statistikuri masala. yvela es damamtkicebelia imisa, rom
CvenTvis, Cven saxelmwifosTvis didad saWiro araa statistikuri
organizaciis Seqmna da am organizaciis sasurvel niadagze dayeneba.
ar aris arc erTi uwyeba, romeli ar iyos dainteresebuli statisti­
kuri organizaciis rigianad mowyobaSi, magaliTad, miwad-moqmedebis
saministro dainteresebulia, rom daamTavros agraruli reforma da
am reformiT ganaxlebul meurneobas uxelmZRvanelos. vaWroba-mrewv­
elobis saministro, romelsac dasamuSavebeli aqvs gegma Cveni qveynis
bunebriv simdidris da sawarmovo Zalebis nayofierad gamoyenebisa,
ar moepoveba swori aRwera vaWroba-mrewvelobis dawesebulebebi­
sa. Sromis saministro, romelsac ar SeuZlian arc erTi socialuri
reforma gaataros cxovrebaSi, Tu mis gankargulebaSi ar imyofeba
statistikuri masala, safinanso saministros, romelsac ar SeuZlian
arc erTi Tavisi nabiji da Tavisi mizani moiyvanos sisruleSi, Tu mis
gankargulebaSi ar aris statistikuri cnobebi. swavla-ganaTlebis
saministros ar SeuZlian gaataros cxovrebaSi programa sayovelTao
swavlisa, Tu mis gankargulebaSi ar imyofeba saerTo ricxvi saswav­
lebelSi misaReb axalgazrdobisa. gzaTa saministrosTvis didad saW­
iro aris icodes ra mdgomareobaSia mcxovrebT gadasvla-gadmosvlis
da saqonlis gatan-gamotanis saqme ama Tu im kuTxeSi. Sinagan saqmeTa
saministrosTvis didad saWiroa icodes mcxovrebTa saerTo ricxvi,
ricxvi dabadebulTa ama Tu im welSi da sxva. sasursaTo saministro­
saTvis saWiroa, rom icodes ra mdgomareobaSia sasursaTo saqme. samx­
edro saministrosTvis, saWiroa icodes ricxvi im pirTa, romelTac
mosaxdeli aqvT samxedro begara.
yvela es damamtkicebelia imisa, rom ar aris arc erTi uwyeba,
romelic dainteresebuli ar iyos am organos SeqmnaSi. garda imisa,
rom TviT saxelmwifoc aris dainteresebuli am organizaciis Seqm­
naSi, qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobebi da erobebic agreTve dainterese­
bulni arian am organizaciis SeqmnaSi. Cven viciT, rom axalgazrda
erobebs dRes ara aqvT saSualeba statistikis saqme daayenon sasur­

363
vel niadagze Tu maT saxelmwifoebrivi aparati ar daexmara. dRes,
cotad Tu bevrad, TiTqmis yoveli uwyeba agrovebs statistikur
masalas, da xSirad xdeba, rom sxva da sxva uwyeba erT da igive mas­
alas hkrefs sxva da sxva gziT, sxva da sxva saSualebiT, rac iwvevs
zedmet xarjs. da Tu es saqme Tavmoyrili iqneba erT organos xel­
Si, maSin, rasakvirvelia, gasaRebi xarjic iqneba Semoklebuli. war­
modgenil kanon-proeqts aqvs miznad daaarsos sauwyebaTaSoriso
organo, romelic iqneba umaRlesi xelmZRvaneli statistikur saq­
misa saqarTveloSi, romelic imave dros gauwevs erTgvar kontrols
statistikur dawesebulebebs sxva da sxva saxelmwifos uwyebebSi da
TviTmmarTvelobebSi. dRemdis, swored rom vsTqvaT, revoluciam­
dis ruseTSi statistikuri saqme daaxlovebiT ase iyo mowyobili:
ruseTSi centraluri statistikuri organizacia ar iyo; yovel
uwyebas, magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, safinanso samin­
istros hqondaT sakuTari statistikuri organo da yoveli uwyeba
cal-calke awarmoebda am samuSaos. marTalia, stolipinis dros iyo
ganzraxuli, rom am saqmeSi centralizacia momxdariyo, magram es
centralizacia ar moxda da rogorc ukve vsTqvi am saqmes yoveli
uwyeba cal-calke awarmoebda. dRes ki, Tu Cven Tvals gadavavlebT
evropis saxelmwifoebs, davinaxavT iq, rom aseTi centraluri or­
ganizacia kargad mowyobili arsebobs germaniaSi, amerikaSi da sxva
saxelmwifoebSi. erTi sityviT, kanon-proeqts ganzraxuli aqvs Seqm­
nas erTi centraluri organizacia; aseTi aparati, cotad Tu bevrad
mowyobili, Cven ukve gvaqvs. SarSan parlamentma noembris 15-s miiRo
kanoni, romlis ZaliT miwad-moqmedebis saministrosTan daarsda
droebiTi biuro, romlis gankargulebaSi gaRebuli iyo gansaz­
Rvruli Tanxa. am biuros hqonda miznad gaetarebina cxovrebaSi
agraruli reforma. es momzadebuli xalxi dRes imyofeba miwaT-mo­
qmedebis saministros gankargulebaSi, romelsac ar daumTavrebia
parlamentis mier dakisrebuli davaleba. da is Tanxa, romelic ga­
dacemuli iyo am statistikuri organos Sesanaxad, ukve dailia. am
kanon-proeqtis pirvel muxlis ZaliT aseTi statistikuri orga­
no unda daarsdes respublikis mTavrobasTan. mosazreba, rom igi
daarsdes respublikis mTavrobasTan da ara romelime uwyebasTan,
aris Semdegi: es didad mniSvnelovani saqme unda iyos mTavrobasTan
da ara romelime erT uwyebasTan, vinaidan yoveli uwyeba, Tvis far­
glebSi Seva zemo aRniSnuli organo, umTavresad Tavis saWiroebi­
saTvis gamoiyenebs am organizacias.
da amitom iuridiuli da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis azriT ase­
Ti organo unda iqnes daarsebuli respublikis mTavrobasTan da ara
romelime saministrosTan. am statistikur komitetis saTaveSi unda
idges Tavmjdomare, romelsac daniSnavs respublikis Tavmjdomare.
statistikuri komiteti unda Sesdges oTxi ganyofilebisagan: a)
saadgil-mamulo sasoflo-sameurneo da erobis statistika, b) Sromis

364
da vaWroba-mrewvelobis statistika, g) satransporto da sasursaTo
da d) mcxovrebTa (demografiis) da qalaqTa statistika. yvela am gan­
yofilebebis saTaveSi unda edgen gamgeni, romlebsac daniSnavs mTav­
robis Tavmjdomare, komitetis Tavmjdomaris wardgeniT. komitetis
Tavmjdomare da 4 gamge iqneba is aparati, romelic Seasrulebs yovel
muSaobas am statistikur organizaciaSi. es iqneba momuSave organi­
zacia. magram am organizaciisTvis saWiroa Seiqmnas iseTi umaRlesi
dawesebuleba, iseTi organo, romelic iqneba saerTo xelmZRvaneli
muSaobis da aseT xelmZRvanelad proeqtis azriT unda iqnes sastatis­
tiko sabWo, romelic Sesdgeba Tavmjdomarisagan da romelsac dan­
iSnavs mTavrobis Tavmjdomare; am sabWoSi Sevlen qalaqTa kavSiris,
qalaq Tbilisis TviTmmarTvelobis, saxelmwifo universitetis war­
momadgenlebi da sxvani, daaxlovebiT es aris Sinaarsi im kanon-proeq­
tisa, romelic warmodgenili aris Tqven winaSe misaRebad. saWiroeba
aseT organizaciis, Cemis azriT, ar gamoiwvevs araviTar davas, Sei­
Zleba sadavo gaxdes sakiTxi, romel uwyebasTan moewyoba igi. mosal­
odnelia am sakiTxma gamoiwvios rame laparaki. magram, ori komisiis
azriT es organizacia unda iqnes mTavrobasTan dakavSirebuli da ara
romelime saministrosTan. igi Seasrulebs Tavis didi movaleobas,
romelsac akisrebs kanon-proeqti. am kanon-proeqtTan darTuli aris
Statebi, romlis Sesaxeb me Tqven arafers ar mogaxsenebT, radganac
Statebis Sesaxeb aris momxseneblad daniSnuli finansiuri komisiis
warmoamdgeneli.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebels krebis wevrs b.
iremaSvils.
ioseb iremaSvili. (s.-d.) safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam ganixi­
la aRniSnuli proeqti debulebisa _ respublikaSi sastatistiko
komitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb da principialurad daeTanxma iurid­
iul da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiebs aseT sastatistiko komitetis
daarsebaSi. aseTi sastatistiko komitetis daarseba man aucileblad
aRiara. pirvelad yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom Segnebuli, mizanSe­
wonili, ekonomiuri, finansiur politikis warmoeba mTavrobas ar
SeuZlian gareSe aseT centralur sastatistiko komitetisa. centra­
lur sastatistiko komitets SeuZlian misces swori utyuari cnobebi
Cven ekonomiur cxovrebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. centraluri sas­
tatistiko komiteti Tavs mouyris Cveni ekonomiuri cxovrebis yovel
cnobebs, romelic aRniSnulia saerTod ama Tu im dargSi am tendenci­
is. ai, am Sefardebul, mizanSewonil ekonomiur politikis warmoeba
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeuZlian Cven mTavrobas, rodesac ai, aseTi
mecnierulad gamokvleuli statistikuri cnobebi mas xelSi eqneba. es
cnobebi sruli sarke iqneba Cveni ekonomiuri simdidrisa, Cveni ekono­
miuri viTarebisa.
ai, am statistikur cnobebis, romlebis enac swor-utyuar-WeS­
marit safuZvelze, faqtebze, raodenobaze aris damyrebuli, ai,

365
swored am pirobeebSi SeuZlian mTavrobas, vimeoreb, Tavisi swor-­
utyuar mizanSewonil da saqmis mdgomareobasTan Sefardebul, ekono­
miur swor finansiur politikis warmoeba.
ra dargebia is dargebi, romlebisTvisac aucilebelia aseTi
statistikuri gamokvleva? es dargebi aris is dargebi, romelic moy­
vanili arian am debulebaSi. magaliTad, saadgil-mamulo dargisTvis
aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens viqonioT utyuari cnobebi mi­
wa-wylis saerTo raodenobisa, romelic moipoveba yvela Cven respub­
likis kuTxeSi. ai, aq saadgil-mamulo reformis gatarebis dros cno­
ba imisa, Tu sad aris simcire miwisa da sad ufro metia es miwa, saiTken
SeiZleba cotad Tu bevrad gadasaxleba zedmeti mcxovreblebisa,
romel adgilSi SeiZleba gadasaxleba, raTa sameurneo erTeulebi
gamravldnen da am sameurneo erTeulebis gamravlebiT Cveni qveynis
ekonomiuri simdidre gaZlierdes. da ai mxolod aseTi mecnierulad
damuSavebuli statistikuri cnobebiT SeuZlian mTavrobas ixelmZR­
vanelos da mizanSewonilad saadgil-mamulo reforma gaataros.
Semdeg, sasoflo dargisTvis aucilebel saWiroebas warmoad­
gens, sxvaTa Soris, am mamulebis, am miwa-wylis raodenobis cnobaSi
moyvana, Tu romeli ekuTvnis ama Tu im sofels. soflis raodenobis
aRniSvna da saerTod mcxovreblebis raodenobis aRniSvna, sameurneo
dargSi saWiroa vicodeT wvril, saSualo da msxvil erTeulTa Soris
ra damokidebuleba aris. es erTi. meore: saWiroa vicodeT, _ respub­
likis romel kuTxeSi, romeli sameurneo dargi aris ganviTarebu­
li, sad misdeven meTambaqoeobas, meabreSumeobas da sxvas. sameurneo
dargSi saWiroa yvela es Cven vicodeT, raTa Segnebuli, Tvalxiluli,
ekonomiuri politika awarmoos mTavrobam. erobis statistikis Ses­
axeb laparaki zedmetia. TviTeuli eroba warmoadgens TviTmmarTvel
erTeuls, erTgvar safuZvels Cveni respublikisa. da aq statistikur
cnobebis mecnierulad damuSaveba, statistikur cnobebis qona misTvis
aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens. Sromis mraval dargSi aucileb­
el saWiroebas warmoadgens vicodeT Cven raodenoba im muSebisa, ro­
melnic Cabmulni arian savaWro-samrewvelo dawesebulebaSi. saWiroa,
vicodeT mama kacis da deda kacis raodenoba, bavSvebis raodenoba am
savaWro-samrewvelo dargSi da maTi damokidebuleba erTmaneTTan.
da es Cven mogvcems suraTs Cveni qveynis vaWroba-mrewvelobis zr­
disa da ganviTarebis.
Semdeg TviT vaWroba-mrewvelobis politikis warmoeba SeuZlebe­
lia aseT statistikur, mecnierulad damuSavebul cnobebis gareSe.
Tu ar iqneba yvelaferi es, mTavrobisTvis SeuZlebelia, magaliT­
ad saSinao-sagareo vaWrobis gonivrulad mowyoba. gansakuTrebiT,
ai am savaWro-samrewvelo dargisTvis aseTi statistikuri cnobebi
aucilebelia. Cveni saerTo savaWro balansi, _ romeli saqoneli ga­
dis respublikidan da romeli Semodis SigniT, romeli saqoneli
saerTod ufro mets fasobs gareSe bazarSi, da romel saqonels unda

366
SeuwyoT SigniT xeli, _ yvela aseTi cnobebi aucilebel saWiroebas
warmoadgenen, rom vaWroba-mrewveloba marTla Sesafer niadagze
iyos dayenebuli.
Semdeg satransporto ganyofilebisaTvis statistika aucileb­
el saWiroebas warmoadgens. codna imisa Tu Cveni respublikis rki­
nis gzebzed, Sara gzebze, romel kuTxidan romeli saqoneli sad mid­
is, romeli kuTxe romel saqonels awvdens. Semdeg saWiroa vicodeT
tranziti Cveni respublikis rkinis gzebisa: ra da ra saqoneli gadis
sazRvar gareT da sxva da sxva respublikis sazRvrebSi.
yvela aseTi cnobebi aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens Cven
ekonomiur mdgomareobis gamosarkvevad. sasursaTo dargSiac, aSka­
raa, Cven unda vicodeT saerTo raodenoba mosavlisa, im xorbleulo­
bisa, romelic aucilebel saWiroebas warmoadgens mcxovreblebis da­
sakmayofileblad da sxva. Semdeg mcxovreblebis raodenobis aRwera,
an xalxis Semoklebis aRwera unda icodes sazogadod mTavrobam da
unda icodes, sxvaTaSoris, dabadebulTa ricxvi da saerTod daxo­
cilTa damokidebuleba erTi meoresTan. Semdeg man, aSkaraa, unda
icodes, _ mravldeba Tu klebulobs ricxvi saerTod respublikis mcx­
ovreblebisa, rac maCvenebelia saerTod respublikis keTildReobisa.
Tu respublika ganicdis ekonomiur keTildReobas aSkaraa mcx­
ovreblebis ricxvi gamravldebulia, mxolod Tu siduxWires ganic­
dis, erTgvar Seviwroebas da erTgvar dabeCavebas, maSin mcxovre­
belebis ricxvi saerTod naklebia da yvela aseTi cnobebi aucilebel
saWiroebas warmoadgens mTavrobis gonivrul ekonomiur politikur
warmoebisTvis. da imave dros safinanso-sabiujeto komisia sruliad
daeTanxma iuridiul da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiebs aseTi sastatis­
tiko komitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
rac Seexeba imas, Tu vis unda eqvemdebarebodes es centraluri
statistikuri komiteti, amis Sesaxeb safinanso sabiujeto komisiamac
igive mosazreba gaiziara, rom es centraluri statistikuri komite­
ti unda arsebobdes mTavrobasTan umTavresad, radanac mTavrobisT­
vis, rogorc mTel saerTo kolegiisTvis aucilebel saWiroebas war­
moadgens, rom yvela dargSi aseTi cnobebi, romelnic Tavmoyrilni
iqneba da mecnierulad gadamuSavebuli am centralur sastatistiko
komitetSi, rom am cnobebs umTavresad mTavrobam uxelmZRvanelos.
TviTeuli saministro, TviTeuli uwyeba cdilobs, rom umTavresad
Tavis sasargeblod, Tavis dargis gamokvleva statistikur komitet­
Si ufro kargad daadginos, _ vidres sxvis. mTavroba ki dainteresebu­
lia umTavresad imaSi, rom yovel uwyebaSi, yovel dargSi Tanasworad
damuSavebul iqnes es statistikuri cnobebi.
garda amisa mTavrobam, rogorc mTlianma kolegiam, unda uxelmZ­
Rvanelos yvela am dargSi statistikur gamkvlevas. amitom ai am mo­
sazrebiT safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam aucileblad scno am komite­
tis daarseba, romelic unda eqvemdebarebodes mTavrobas.

367
 Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara vismes sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesa­xeb?
sityva aravis ar surs. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv
ganxilvaze? saTanado vadis Semdeg meore ganxilvas SeudgebiT.
Semdeg gaxlavT:

dekreti daba onis qalaqad damtkicebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri meliton rusia.

meliton rusia. (s.-d.) rogorc mogexsenebaT, daba oni mTeli raW­
is mazrisTvis warmoadgens administratiul, kulturul centrs.
miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi es, daba onis aRmasrulebelma komitetma aRZ­
ra Suamdgomloba, rom daba oni sofel moedaniT iqnes gamocxadebu­
li qalaqaT. am Jamad es Suamdgomloba warudgina daskvnisTvis raW­
is mazris erobis gamgeobas. man sruliad daeTanxma amas da TiTonac
SeuerTda am Suamdgomlobas. TviTmmarTvelobis komisiam da iuridi­
ulma komisiam ganixiles es kanon-proeqti da warmoudgines misaRebad
damfuZnebel krebas.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva saerTo msjelobis Sesaxeb? msurve­
li aravin aris. vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom SeudgeT muxlobriv ganxil­
vas? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. gTxovT waikiTxoT.
(momxsenebeli kiTxulobs. dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRe­
bulia).
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT:

dekreti _ saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da samazro erobaTa

sasargebloT erTdroul sasanitaro gadasaxadis SemoRebiT.

momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri WavWaniZe. sityva ekuTvnis

momxsenebels.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d). moqalaqeno! Cveni qveynis sanitaruli md­
gomareoba didad sanugeSo arasodes ar yofila. ruseTSi omamdec
ki xSirad iCenda xolme Tavs esa Tu is epidemiuri avadmyofoba. miT
umetes dRes, rodesac omma yvelaferi daarRvia da daangria, epidemi­
ur avadmyofobas xelsayreli niadagi aqvs. gansakuTrebuli yuradRe­
ba uda mieqces Cveni qveynis axlandel sanitarul mdgomareobas da Ta­
vis droze unda iqnes miRebuli saWiro zomebi, rom mudmiv stumrad
gadaqceulma tifma da xoleram musri ar gaavlos Cvens qveyanas. magram
saqme imaSia, rom eg saqme did Tanxas moiTxovs da Cvens qalaqebsa da er­
obebs dauxmareblad ar SeuZlianT am didi saqmis mowyoba, miT umetes,
Tu Cven miviRebT mxedvelobaSi im finansiur mdgomareobas, romelSi­
ac dRes imyofebian Cveni erobebi da qalaqebi. am garemoebam Tfilisis
qalaqis gamgeobas afiqrebina TviT sazogadoeba moeSvelebia am saqme­

368
Si da ganizaraxa aReZra Suamdgomloba, neba daerToT qalaqisaTvis
erTdroulad specialuri gadasaxadi, romlis daniSnuleba iqneboda
epidemiis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvel saSualebaTa gaZliereba. Semdeg
am kanon-proeqtma ufro farTo xasiaTi miiRo, da iqmna SemuSavebuli
dekreti, romelic saSualebas aZlevs ara marto qalaq tfiliss, ar­
amed yvela saqalaqo da saerobo TviTmmarTvelobebs SemoiRon erT­
drouli gadasaxadi da am gziT Segrovili fuli moaxmaron xalxis ga­
jansaRebas da sanitarul mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas. warmodgenil
kanon-proeqtis mizanic swored eg aris. kanon-proeqtSi gatarebulia
Semosavlis kvalobaze gadasaxadis principi. yvela gadamxdelebi gay­
ofili arian or jgufad: _ erT jgufSi arian moqceuli isini, rom­
lebic jamagirs iReben. Cven viciT, Tu vin ra jamagirs iRebs. meore
jgufs Seadgenen vaWar-mrewvelebi da Tavisufal profesiis xalxi.
imazzed, vinc jamagirebs iReben dawesebulia procentuli gadasaxa­
di; danarCenebi iyofian jgufebaT. TviTeul profesiis jgufisaTvis
qalaqis Tu erobis gamgeoba awesebs gansazRvrul Tanxas, ris Semdeg
TviT gadamxdelTa jgufi irCevs komisias, da es komisia anawilebs
gadamxdelebs Soris im gansazRvrul Tanxas, romelic maze iyo gaw­
erili. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime jgufi uars ganacxadebs
maze gaweril Tanxis ganawilebaze, mazraSi erobis xmosanTa yrilo­
ba, da qalaqSi ki xmosanTa sabWo TviT gaawers gadasaxads da kidec
gaatarebs cxovrebaSi.
jamagirian xalxisTvis dawesebulia minimumi, romelic Tavisu­
falia am gadasaxadidan. eg minimumi TbilisisTvis udris 1000 mane­
Ti; quTaisi, suxumi da foTisTvis 900 man. xolo danarCen qalaqebsa da
daba soflebisTvis 800 man.
gadasaxadi progresiulia: vinc mets iRebs, imas procentiulaT
meti gadaxdeba.
aseTia deda azri am dekretisa.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs zogadi msjelobisTvis sityva? gsurT Tu
ara SeudgeT muxlobriv ganxilvas? vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin. gTx­
ovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli da saTauri.
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs, pirveli muxli kenWis yriT miRebulia).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs meore muxls.)
Tavmjdomare. meore muxlSi Sesworeba Semoaqvs soc.-dem fraq­
cias, am Sinaarsisa: meore muxlis mesame striqonidan amoiSalos si­
tyva „am“ da mis magivrad Caematos „mTeli“. maSasadame Tu gaiziarebT,
amnairia Sesworeba. sityva aravis surs. momxseneblis azri.
momxsenebeli. me araferi maqvs sawinaaRmdego. (kenWis yriT meore
muxli SesworebiT miRebulia)
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs mesame muxls. kenWis yriT miRebulia).
momxsenebeli. kiTxulobs meoTxe muxls.
Tavmjdomare. Semotanili gaxlavT Sesworeba erovn.-dem. fraqci­
isa meoTxe muxlis pirvel nawilSi: meoTxe muxlis lit. 1. nusxis Sem­

369
deg sityvebi „1,200 maneTze mets Semosavals unda gadaxdes 3.600 man.
damatebiT 25% TviTeul 1000 maneTze“ _ amoiSalos sruliad. amis
garda nusxis ukanaskneli striqoni 10.001-12.000 – 30%, 3.000-3.6000“
Seicvalos ase: „10.001 da mets 30%, aseTive Sesworeba unda iqnes Se­
tanili meoTxe muxlis lit. 2 da me-3 lit.“ aseTia Sesworeba er.-dem.
fraqciisa.
momxsenebeli. winaaRmdegi ara var. (muxlebi: _ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 _ kenWis yriT miRebulia. dekreti mTlad miRebu­
lia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. exla, batonebo, sanam Semdeg sakiTxis ganxilvas
SeudgebodeT, neba miboZeT mogaxsenoT, rom es kiTxva unda garCeuli
iyos daxurul krebaSi. umorCilesad vsTxov yvelas ara wevrs, dasto­
vos darbazi. Semdegi sakiTxi:

ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa samxedro mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb

momxsenebelia batoni mdivani (Semdegi kanon-proeqti irCeva dax­

urul karebSi). b. mdivanis moxsenebis Semdeg sityva eZlev samxedro
ministrs n. ramiSvils.
Tavmjdomare. darCa kidev 6 kanon-proeqti, magram Semosulia
winadadeba, rom gadidos Semdeg sxdomisTvis. jer sami saaTi ar aris,
Tu zogad ganxilvas inebebT... vin aris momxre, rom gadavdoT kreba?
vin aris winaaRmdegi? kreba gadadebuli aris. gTxovT waikiTxoT Sem­
degi sxdomis dRiuri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 2 s. da 30 wuTze.

370
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdameCvidmete sxdoma

paraskevi, 1919 weli, ivlisis 18. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umfrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian: eqvTime TayaiSvili,
svimon mdivani,
grigol naTaZe,
konstantine jafariZe.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 55 wuTze.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT dabrZandeT. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. (mdi­
vans gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs komisiebSi gadasacem sakanonmdeblo aqtebis
nusxas da Semdeg dRiur wesrigs).

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis nusxa.

1. finansTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ papirosis gilzze da qaR­

aldze aqcizis dadebisa, gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
2. finansTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ Rvinoze aqcizis dadebisa,
gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.
(damfuZnebeli kreba adasturebs am nusxas).

371
 dRiuri wesrigi:

1. saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ daba onis sofel moedniTurT qa­

laq onad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb.
2. saboloo teqsti dekretisa _ saqarTvelos qalaqebisa da maz­
ris erobaTa sasargeblod adgilobriv mcxovrebTagan erTdroul
sanitarul gadasaxadis akrefis Sesaxeb.
3. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro begris
da SeiaraRebul ZalTa Sevsebis Sesaxeb.
4. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro pirTa
xarisxebis debulebis Secvlis Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficrebis samx­
edro moxeleebis da samRvdeloebisaTvis axali jamagirebis Sesaxeb.
6. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ oficerTa da ja­
riskacTa tanisamosis formis Sesaxeb.
7. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mfrina­
vTa damatebiTi jamagiris Sesaxeb, haerSi frenisaTvis.
8. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ SeiaraRebul Zal­
Ta reorganizaciis Sesaxeb.
9. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saaqcizo da sapa­
tento gadasaxadis gadidebisa.
10. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ senatis daarse­
bis Sesaxeb.
11. dekreti saxelmwifo xazinidan 120.160 man. gadidebisa saqarT­
velos saistorio _ saetnografio sazogadoebis dasaxmareblad.
Tavmjdomare. surs vismes sityva dRiuri wesrigis Sesaxeb? ara­
vis. dRiuri wesrigi miRebulia.
(Tavmjdomaris winadadebiT momxsenebelni kiTxuloben dRiur
wesrigSi aRniSnul saTanado kanon-proeqtTa saboloo teqstebs ro­
melTa miRebis Semdeg kreba iwyeba samxedro kanon-proeqtebis ganx­
ilvis daxurul karebSi).
sergi jafariZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, sityva senats sxva da sxva qveya­
naSi sxva da sxva Sinaarsi aqvs. mag. safrangeTSi da amerikaSi senati
niSnavs xalxis warmomadgenlobis organos, _ zeda palatas. sxva adg­
ilebSi sxva qveyebSi, mag. ruseTSi, senati warmoadgens sasamarTlos
erT-erT organos. radganac am sityvam erTgvari moqalaqeobrivi mo­
qalaqeobrivi ufleba moipova, imas Cven SeveCvieT, amitom es termini
Cvenc davtoveT. am kanon-proeqts, romelic warmodgenilia iurid­
iul komisiis saxeliT, aqvs Tavisi sakamaTo grZeli istoria, Tqven
gaxsovT, rom im droidan, rodesac ruseTSi gabatonda bolSevizmi,
e. i. 25 oqtombridan, mas aqeT Cveni qveyana moswyda ruseTs da ker­
Zod moswyd Cveni sasamarTlo ruseTis senats, romelsac eqvemdebare­
boda. mas aqeT, rac saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamocxadda, Cven

372
sazrunav sagnaT Seiqmna CvenSi, saqarTveloSi, senatis SemoReba. amis
muSaobas SeudeqiT kidev SarSan. iyo Sedgenili ramdenjerme komis­
ia, am komisiaSi iRebdnen monawileobas yvela adgilobrivi Zalebi,
da aq SemuSavda es kanon-proeqti. Semdeg es gadavida iuridiul komi­
siaSi, da miiRo is saxe, romliTac Tqven unda ganixiloT exla. mogex­
senebaT, rom senati iqneba, am kanon-proeqtis mixedviT, sasamarTlos
erT-erTi, da masTan umaRlesi, uzenaesi organo. me saWirod ar mi­
maCnia bevri laparaki imaze, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoT sa­
samarTlos. vityvi mxolod, rom sasamarTlo _ es aris saxelmwifos
marTva _ gamgeobis iseTi aparati, iseTi dargi, romelic muSaobs
Cumad, uxmaurod, wynarad, magram uromlisodac saxelmwifos arse­
boba warmoudgenelia. aiRebT uxucesTa sasamarTlos Temebis dros,
mdivan begebis sasamarTlos Zvel saqarTveloSi, bolSevikebis Crezv­
iCaikas, Tu evropiul sasamarTlo sul erTia, sasamarTlo yovelTvis
da yvelgan aris.
Tqven iciT, rom iq sadac sasamarTlo sustobs, arc saxelmwifoe­
brivi interesi aris daculi. arc moqalaqis piradi Rirseba, fiziku­
ri xelSeuxebloba. da qonebrivi ufleba aris uzrunvelyofili.
Cven axlo warsulidan viciT, rom rodesac masiuri moZraoba xdeba,
maSin yvelafers xelaxlad afaseben; sustdeba maSin saxelmwifoe­
brivi aparatic da sazogadod aRelvebul gzis pirze ativtivdebian
xolme iseTi naZiralebi, romelic Tavzars scemen mSvidobian xalxs,
sazogadoT, iq, sadac sasamarTlo ar aris, is kanoni cxovrebaSi ar
moqmedobs. sasamarTlo aris kanonieri organo, im kanonebis, roml­
iTac unda daicvas moqalaqis qoneba, da misi fizikuri cxovreba da
agreTve saxelmwifos interesi. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom sasamarTlos,
me ar vambob anarqistebze, romelnic uaryofen rogorc sasamarTlos
ise saxelmwifos, demokratiul wreebSi simpatiiT ar uyureben. es
advili asaxsnelic aris, radgan sasamarTlo emsaxureboda ara mTel
xalxs, aramed erT muWas mdidrebs. unda mogaxsenoT, rom es dRes
dReobiT marTalic aris, sasamarTlo gansxvavdeba sxva organoebi­
sagan imiT, rom is arsebul kanonebis mixedviT moqmedobs. Tu kanoni
vinmem daarRvia, sasamarTlo am kanonis Zalas aRadgens. maSasadame,
rogoric aris kanoni, iseTi iqneba sasamarTloc, da radganac dRes
yvela qveynebSi kanonebi, materialuri procesualuri iyo imaT mier
gamocemuli, da imaT interesebis damcveli, vinc gabatonebuli iyo.
winaT feodalebis mier da mere burJuaziis mier. ra Tqma unda, sa­
samarTlo emsaxureboda imaT visic xelSi iyo kanoni. tolstois erT
TxuzelebaSi, romelsac hqvia „aRdgoma“, nexludovi eubneba Tavis
siZes: sasamarTlo es im weswyobilebis damcveli iaraRia, romelic
CvenTvis aris saargeblo. ai exlac SemiZlian giCvenoT muxli sasjel­
Ta debulebisa, romelic ambobs, rom Tu naymevi Seuracyofda meba­
tones, is unda gaegzavnaT patimarTa gasasworebel razmSi, magram
Tu batonma Seuracyofda naymevs, maSin is Cveulebriv daisjeboda,

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vsTqvaT, jarimiT an ramdenime dRiT dakavebiT, mcire arestiT. erTi
sityviT, iq, sadac kanonmdeblobas aqvs klasobrivi xasiaTi ueWvelia
eqneba. magram iq, sadac, rogorc Cven vfiqrobT, kanonebi iqneba ga­
mocemuli TviT xalxis warmomadgenlobis mier da iqneba gamocemu­
li iseTi kanonebi, romelnic unda emsaxurebodes xalxis interes, ra
sakvirvelia aseTi kanonebis dacva, sasamarTlos saSualebiT xalx­
isTvis sainteresoa. iseT piroebebSi, romelSic Cven vimyofebiT, da
rogorc Cven vfiqrobT, kanonmdebloba emsaxureba xalxis interes,
aq, rasakvirvelia, sasamarTlo xalxi miepyros da Tu simpatiiT, ar­
amed yovel Rones iRonebs, rom Tavis daniSnuleba cxovrebaSi pir­
naTlad Seasrulos. es iqneba Cven demokratiul qveyanaSi sazoga­
doebrivi interesis da moqalaqis damcveli sasamarTlo da erT-erTi
misi organo, romelsac hqvia senati. senati, rogorc mogaxseneT, es
iqneba umaRlesi organo. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom sasamarTlos orga­
noebi imyofeba ramodenime StoT, momrigebeli mosamsarTle xalxTan
daaxloebulia mis gverdSi mdgomi, da imis saWiroebis mosamsaxure,
am momrigebel mosamsaxures hyavs meore safexuri. momrigebelTa mo­
samsarTleTa yriloba.
es aris erTi Sto. meore Sto aris saolqo sasamarTloebi, iq, sa­
dac arCeven ufro mZime saqmeebs, rodesac mZime danaSauleba aris Ca­
denili, an did Rirebulebis saCivars aRZravs vinme saolqo sasamarT­
loSi. am saolqo sasamarTlos hyavs Tavisi meore safexuri, es aris
samosamarTlo palata. es meore Stoa. mesame Sto samxedro sasamarT­
lo, romelic ixilavs samxedro pirTa saqmeebs, vinc Caidina raime
samxedro danaSauloba. ai yvela es sami Sto Tavs iyris senatSi. saqme
romelime sasamarTloSi ukanono iqna gadawyvetili, dainteresebuls
SeuZlian saqme meore safexurSi gadaitanos da am meore safexuridan
senatSi. ise rom momrigebel sasamarTlodan saqmes gaditanen momrige­
belTa yrilobaze, saolqo sasamarTlodan samosamarTlo palataSi,
xolo am ukanasknel organoebi da agreTve samxedro sasamarTlodan
_ senatSi. Tu senati dainaxavs usamarTlobas, aRdgens samarTals. am
senats, rogorc erT saTaves, erT wyaros, is mniSvneloba aqvs, rom is
aris umTavresi organo, romelic ganumartavs yovel sasamarTlos,
romelic moqmedebs Cven teritoriaze, kanonis namdvil azrs, Cven
vTvliT, rom kanoni, romelic dRes iwereba, iwereba didi xniT aTi
wliT, oci wliT, asi wliTac. da SemdegSi rasakvirvelia, Zalian gaW­
irdeba namdvil azris gageba im kanonisa, romelsac dRes gamovcemT.
amitom istoriul masalis awon-dawoniT, loRikur mosazrebiT tex­
nikur saSualebiT, senati rogorc saTaveSi mdgomi, ganumartavs yve­
la mosamarTles, da ityvis es kanoni ese unda ganimartos, es kanoni
aseT nairad ar SegiZlian gaataro cxovrebaSio.
magram garda kerZo interesTa dargisa, romelic warmoadgens
samoqalaqo saqmeebs, garda saxelmwifo interesisa, romelic unda
daicvas saxelmwifom sisxlis samarTlis saSualebiT, agreTve aris

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erTgvari dapirispireba, rogorc mogexsenebaT, moqalaqis uflebisa
da saxelmwifo agentebis, moxeleebis moqmedebisa. rogorc mogexsene­
baT, Zalian xSirad xdeba cxovrebaSi, rom moqalaqis ufleba iCagreba
ama Tu im agentebis, moxeleebis moqmedebisa. rogorc mogexsenebaT,
Zalian xSirad xdeba cxovrebaSi, rom moqalaqis ufleba iCagreba ama
Tu im agentebis ukanono moqmedebis gamo. amas ebrZoda liberalizmi,
da kidev ufro ebrZvis demokratizmi, da ambobs, _ vinc unda iyos,
iqneba is mTavroba calke saministro, Tu warmodgenili aRmasruleb­
el Zalisa, sul erTia, _ yvelam unda sisworiT aasrulos kanoni da
Tu TviTneboba Caidina kanons gadaabija, gadalaxa, maSin sasamarTlo
unda aRdgenili iyos, da Tavis kanonier kalapotSi Cadges: am nairad
senatis daniSnuleba iqneba Tval yuri adevnos imasac, rom mTavrobam,
an aRmasrulebel Zalis organoebma kanonier kalapotSi imoqmedon,
da kerZo moqalaqis ufleba ar Selaxon, da amave dros ar Selaxon, da
ar avnon saxelmwifoebriv interesebs.
am daniSnulebis mokle aRwerilobidan Tqven dainaxavT, rom didi
avtoriteti, didi adgili unda eWiros senats.
senatis kompetenciaze dawvrilebiT SemdegSi, rodesac iqneba
muxlobrivi ganxilva, mogexsenebaT, axla ki mxolod mogaxsenebT, rom
organizacia iseTi unda iyos, rom Tavis did daniSnulebas emsaxuros.
organizacia senatisa _ mogaxsenebT mxolod principze _ aris Semdegi:
senati Sesdgeba or departamentisagan, erTi samoqalaqo, meore sisx­
lis samarTlis departamenti.
sisxlis samarTlis departamentis mier gairCeva is saqmeebi, rom­
lis mizani da sagani aris dasja damnaSavisa, ganixileba es saqmeebi
TavdapirvelaT momrigebel sasamarTlos, nafic msajulTa sasamarT­
los, Tu samxedro sasamarTlos mier, es sul erTia. am safexurebidan
TandaTan saqme gadadis senatSi, sisxlis samarTlis departamentSi.
samoqalaqo departamenti, rogorc mogexsenebaT, ganixilavs samoqa­
laqo saqmeebs, e. i. im saCivrebs, romelic Seva momrigebel mosamarT­
leTa yrilobis ganaCenze Tu sasamarTlo palatis ganaCenze. magram,
garda am or dargisa, iqneba kidev erTi dargi, egred wodebuli ad­
ministratiuli instancia, _ swored is, romelzedac mogaxsenebT, rom
senati Tvalyurs adevnebs mTavrobis agentebis aRmasrulebel Zalis
warmomadgenlebs, da iq samoqalaqo departamentSi arsebobs erTi
ganyofileba, romelsac gadaecema ganxilva swored aseTi saqmeebisa.
magaliTad, Tu ministrma gamosca ukanono instruqcia, cirkuliaris
zogad xasiaTis gankarguleba an ganmarteba, maSin senats, aramc Tu sx­
vis gansaCivrebiT, aramed Tavis iniciativiT SeuZlian, Tu dainaxavs,
rom raime kanoni aris darRveuli, gaauqmos es gankarguleba srulad
an nawilobriv, da mTavrobis agentebs aCvenos Tavis sazRvrebSi moq­
medeba. agreTve Tqven iciT, Cven SemoviReT saerobo TviTmmarTvelo­
bebis organoebi. iq bevri ram gadaiqca, bevri funqciebi aqvs, SeiZleba
moxdes xSirad, rom kanoni gadalaxon, gadaabijon Tavis moqmedebiT

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da SeiZleba iqac iyos es moqmedeba gansaCivrebuli, da es ukanono gad­
awyvetileba am organosi, gadadis senatis im ganyofilebaSi, romel­
sac samoqalaqo departamenti hqvian.
aseTi aris mokleT da martivad organizacia senatisa. kompe­
tenciis Sesaxeb, mogaxseneT, ganmarteba ar aris saWiro.
mogaxsenebT kidev ramdenime sityvas imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor md­
gomareobaSi unda CavayenoT senatori, rom man Tavisi maRali dan­
iSnuleba aasrulos, e.i. qonebriv rogor unda uzrunvelvyoT. Cven
mogexsenebaT gvqonda ruseTis sasamarTlo, bevri nakli hqonda ruse­
Tis sasamarTlos, magram erTi ram Rirsebac hqonda, _ is, rom Zalian
iSviaTad gaigonebdiT, rom mosamarTles qrTami aeRo. iyo iq is, rom
sasamarTlo, gansakuTrebulad politikur saqmeebis gadamwyveti, sa­
dac sasamarTlo iaraRi iyo mTavrobisa, sadac gadawyvetileba xde­
boda, xandisxan mTavrobis zegavleniT. magram, samoqalaqo saqmeebis
sferoSi, sadac umaRlesi mTavroba politikurad ar iyo dainterese­
buli, iq marTlac kargaT swarmoebda, da unda vTqvaT Tu sadme meqr­
Tame gamoCndeboda, es iSviaTi movlena, gamonaklisi iyo. rodesac Cven
sasamarTlos vawyobT, _ iqneba es momrigebeli mosamarTle, sasamarT­
los wevri Tu senatori, _ qonebrivad ise unda iyos uzrunvelyofi­
li, rom is cxovrebam ar aiZulos gareSe wyaro eZios, da isic iseTi
wyaro, rogorc aris meqrTameoba. samwuxaroT, Tqven amas gaigonebdiT
da Tu es aqa-iq xdeba, es xdeba imitom, rom mosasamrTleni ar arian
uzrunvelyofilni.
rom aseTi mdgomareoba ar iqnes senatSiac, Cveni senatorebi unda
uzrunvelyofini iyvnen imdenaT, rom SesZlon normaluri cxovre­
ba, rogorc SeCveulni arian, rogorc SeCveuli aris yvela ganaTle­
ba-miRebuli piri. iseTi wyaro arsebobisa mainc unda mivceT, rom
qondes puri, saWmeli, tansacmeli.
iseTi wyaro arsebulobisa mainc unda mivceT, rom qondes puri,
saWmeli, tansacmeli.
am mxriv rac proeqtSi aris aRniSnuli ar SeiZleba iTqvas da
mainc jamagiri didi iyos, magram yovel SemTxvevaSi, SedarebiT ufro
mozrdili cifrebi aris moyvanili, Tumca iuridiul komisias Tavis
Tavad ar miaCnia sakmarisad.
rac Seexeba pirad Semadgenlobas senatisas, gansazRvrulia ase:
iqneba Tavmjdomare senatisa; imis gankargulebaSi iqneba erTi depar­
tamenti, imas eyoleba amxanagi, romelic ganagebs meore depataments;
sisxlis sasamarTlosTvis gansazRvruli aris xuTi senatori.
Tqven Tu miiRebT mxedvelobaSi, rom aq gairCeva momrigebel mo­
samarTleebis, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosi da samxedro sasamarT­
lo saqmeebi, Tqven dameTanxmebiT, rom xuTi senatori amden saqmeebi­
saTvis bevri ar aris. samoqalaqo departamentSi gansazRvruli aris
rva senatori, am rva senatorSi sami iqneba saadministracio saqmis
gadamwyveti, da xuTi maSasadame, darCeba samoqalaqo saqmeebis gada­

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sawyvetad, ase rom saerTo sul iqneba 13 senatori. es minimumad mi­
aCnia iuridiul komisias.
ai mokle Strixebi kanon proeqtisa, da imis mniSvneloba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n.-d.) me minda gaukeTo ramdenime SeniSvna am
kanon-proeqts, romelsac, rasakvirvelia, didi mniSvneloba aqvs, aqvs
uaRresi mniSvneloba saxelmwifosTvis. me amaze laparaks ar gavagr­
Zeleb, imitom, rom me mgonia es yvelam iciT, ar yofila iseTi saxel­
mwifo, rom uflebriv mxriv saxelmwifo kargaT dayenebuli ar iyos,
kargad aSenebuli da kargaT mowyobili. uflebrivi momenti aris
umTavresi moTxovnileba romelic SeiZleba warudginoT ama Tu im
saxelmwifos. am mxriv, senatis daarsebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. es
aris umaRlesi dawesebuleba romelic axsnis da anviTarebs kanons.
Cven kanons vimuSavebT aq, magram Semoqmedeba kanonisa amiT sabolood
ki ar Tavdeba, is mimdinareobs, da es mimdinareoba ixateba senatis
muSaobaSid. senati Tval-yurs adevnebs yovelive moments, sadac
ibadeba uflebrivi sakiTxi. yovelive ganwyobileba erobis, erobis
da mTavrobis Soris, mTavrobis dawesebulebaTa an moqalaqeTa Soris,
_ savsea uflebrivi sakiTxebiT. erTi sityviT, exlandel cxovrebaSi
yovelive nabijze ibadeba uflebrivi sakiTxi, maSasadame unda Cae­
rios iseTi Zala, romelic hxsnis kanonier namdvil azrs da aRadgens
darRveul kanons.
aseTi Zala aris senati. aqedan vxedavT, rogorc momxsenebelma
warmosTqva, rom sasamarTlo unda iyos Tavdapirvelad damoukidebe­
li administraciisagan, da Tu am TvalsazrisiT SevxedavT Semotanil
kanon-proeqts, davinaxavT, rom swored es principi damoukideblobisa
ar aris Tavidanve daculi. erT muxlSi naTqvami aris, rom senatori
irCeva ori wlis vadiT jer-jerobiT, mere ki oTxi wlis vadiT. Tu ori
wlis vadiT virCevT, _ maSasadame SeuZlebelia laparaki imaze, rom sen­
atori aris gadauyenebeli, xelSeuxebeli mTavrobisagan, Tu ori wlis
vadiT virCevT, aSkaraa, senatori ar aris damoukidebeli. is yovelT­
vis SiSis qveS aris, rom xelaxla imas ar airCeven, Tu mTavrobasTan
ar eqneba kargi damokidebuleba. amitom mis Semdeg, rac senatori ar­
Ceuli aris, mis gamocvla SeuZlebeli unda iyos. es SeiZleba mxolod
maSin, rodesac igi raime danaSauls Caidens; gadayeneba, gamocvla,
daTxovna, rasakvirvelia, sul es aris darRveva im principisa, romel­
zedac agebuli unda iyos iseTi dawesebuleba, rogoric aris senati.
kanonSi aris miRebuli ori wlis vada; maSasadame ori wlis Semdeg
SeiZleba misi gadayeneba. araviTari garantia ar eqneba senators rom
mas airCeven kvlav, da mxolod imedi eqneba mas arCevisa maSin, rode­
sac mTavrobis karnaxs aasrulebs. maSasadame is senati ki ar iqneba ar­
amed ubralo dawesebuleba damokidebuli mTavrobisagan. Cemis azriT,
unda avirCioT senatori mudmivad, sanam raime danaSauls ar Caidens
da sasamarTlos wesiT ar iqneba gadayenebuli. Tu momzadebuli piria

377
da Tavis movaleobas asrulebs, marTlac rad unda gadavayenoT? Tu
kanoni daurRvevia, da danaSauloba Caidina, maSin _ ki. amitom is
principi romelzedac aSenebulia kanonproeqti yovlad miuRebeli
aris; erTi SeniSvna es aris. meore SeniSvna Seexeba dadebul cenzs. aq
moTxovnili aris rom senators ganaTleba unda hqondes iuridiuli
da sxva araferi. batonebo, senatorisTvis marto iuridiuli ganaT­
leba ar aris sakmarisi. Tqven damerwmunebiT, rom mxolod universi­
teti dasrulebuli iuristi, romelsac ara aqvs praqtikuli cod­
na da gamocdileba am uflebriv sferoSi, xSirad ubralo Txovnasac
ver dagiwerT da senatis moRvaweoba ki sul sxva aris. batonebo, igi
TiTqmis kanonmdebeli aris, amas unda didi codna, didi gamocdileba
aris saWiro. Tu gnebavT daamyaroT wesiereba saWiro aris dainiSnos
marTlac gamocdili piri, ara marto iuridiulad ganaTlebuli ara
marto iuristi, romelsac oTxi weliwadi gautarebia universitetSi
da diplomi miuRia, aramed agreTve xangrZlivi muSaobiT am sferoSi
daxelovnebulia. martooden iuristma bevri araferi ar icis, damerw­
muneT, araferi icis da veraviTar saqmes ver gadaswyvets, (rusia: min­
imumi) minimumi, cotaa, meti unda iyon. TanaSemwem rom miiRos nafic
veqiloba xuTi weliwadi unda imuSaos, Tqven gindaT iseTi kaci dan­
iSnoT pirdapir senatoraT. senatorma unda gadawyvitos uflebrivi
sakiTxebi, Zalian rTuli sakiTxebi. Tu ar gindaT arioT saqme, sruli­
aT, Cemis azriT senatori ganaTlebuli unda iyos iuridiulaT, magram
amas unda daerTos Tan kidev ukanaskneli xuTi weliwadi muSaoba sa­
samarTloSi, ukanaskneli xuTi weliwadi Tu ara meti.
maSin SeiZleba namdvili senatori iyos. Cven gvyavs bevri momza­
debuli iuristebi, mosamarTleebi, romelsac xuTi weliwadi ki ara
oci weliwadic gautarebiaT am saqmeSi. umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRes da
marTlac daxelovnebuli arian. Tu es ar gindaT, sCans Tqven airCevT
mxolod amxanagebs, SeiZleba Zalian karg amxanagebs magram, namdvil
senatorebs ki vera. (kikvaZe: nafic veqilebi SeiZeba avirCioT) nafic
veqilebi SeiZleba Tu ukanasknelad umuSavniaT am sferoSi, da yvela
nafic veqili valdebulia xuTi weliwadi mainc gaataros TanaSemwed.
imas aqvs xuTi weliwadis gamocdileba, xuTi weliwadis muSaoba, da am
xuT weliwadis ganmavlobaSi saqmes swavlobda, sisxlis samarTlis da
samoqalaqo uflebriv process da sxva. amisTana sakiTxebs Tu iuris­
ti swavlobs praqtikulad amas didi mniSvneloba aqvs amitom saWiro
aris _ Tu gindaT senati marTla senati iyos _ yvela isini daeTanx­
mebiT (xmauroba). Tqven ar vici iuristi xarT Tu ara, magram yvela
iuristi dameTanxmeba, rom es sruliad samarTliani azri aris. ro­
gorc mogexsenebaT senatSi ikrifeba yovelive saqme, auarebeli dad­
genilebebi momrigebel mosamarTlesi, olqis sasamarTlosa, pala­
tis, samxedro sasamarTlosi, saadministracio kiTxvebi, yovelive
amis gadawyveta, batonebo, advili ar aris, rogorc goniaT es didi
samuSaoa, Tu ara? aiReT Tu gindaT ruseTis senati, aiReT da gadaaT­

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valiereT misi dadgenilebani „Решение Сената“. Tqven dainaxavT ramde­
ni Sroma da gonebrivi Zala aris iq daxarjuli. didi momzadeba da
didi codna unda. ase ubraloT da iolaT am sakiTxs nu gadaswyvetT.
me kidev erTi SeniSvna minda gavakeTo. me kidev erTi SeniSvna minda
gavakeTo, gamomZiebel mosamarTlis Sesaxeb. gamomZiebelis daniSvna
mTavrobis mier me mgonia miuRebeli aris. gamomZiebeli aris mosamar­
Tle mxolod pirvel safexurSi, misi funqciebi namdvil mosamarTles
funqciebi aris, is ar aris nawili prokuratisa, amitom igi unda eqve­
mdebarebods senats da ara mTavrobas; rom es ese aris amis damtkiceba
advili aris, mowinave qveynebSi miRebulia, rom rwmunebuls an veqils
neba aqvs saqme awarmoos gamomZiebelTan, imitom, rom aq marTla saW­
iro aris dacva uflebriv interesisa. maSasadame, gamomZiebeli aris
erTnairad mosamarTle da Tu is mosamarTle aris, is ar unda iyos
daniSnuli mTvrobis mier. ai es zogadi SeniSvnebi romelic me mindo­
da Semometana. danarCenSi veTanxmebi am kanon-proeqts.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe. (s.-d.) batonebo, senatis damoukidebloba, ra­
sakvirvelia aucileblaT saWiroeba aris, magram ar unda gavigoT es
damoukidebloba ise, rom vTqvaT: „ai aris senati, aris misi erTi Semad­
genloba, da es Semadgenloba rac unda uvargisi da uvici gamoCndes,
sanam Semadgenloba ar daexoceba, amas ar SeiZleba xeli vaxloT“. aseTi
damoukidebeli organo demokratiul qveynebSi sadac arCevnebi aris,
da es principi, yvelgan gatarebuli aris. principi damoukideblobisa
Cven ise gvesmis, rom raki arCeulia senatis erTi Semadgenloba, sanam
meore arCevnebis vada ar mova, veravin gadaayenebs erT departamen­
tidan meore departamentSi, mis survilis winaaRmdeg da verc veravin
daiTxovs senators, Tu man raime danaSauloba ar Caidina. amrigad es
srulebiT damoukidebeli aris. amgvaraT savsebiT uzrunvelyofili
aris senatis damoukidebloba. Tu Tqven sakiTxs ise daayenebT, rom
vinmes Tuki amovarCevT _ is samudamod xelSeuxebeli aris, es yovlad
SeuZlebeli aris, es iqneba marTlac erTgvari, iseTi kasta, romel­
ic raRac gansakuTrebul uflebiT iqneba aRWurvili. ai amgvarad am
kanon-proeqtSi es azri aris gatarebuli, da es azri aris namdvilad
Sesaferisi demokratiuli weswyobilebis; sanam vada ar mouva arCev­
nebs, manam isini damoukidebeli arian. magram rodesac arCevnebis vada
dadgeba, maSin uzenaesi organo am SemTxvevaSi damfuZnebeli kreba
iqneba es Tu parlamenti, moaxdens axal arCevnebs (gvazava: sasasamrT­
lo!) sasamarTloc am pirobebSi unda iyos Cayenebuli, radganac aseTi
sistema uzrunvelhyofs namdvil kanonierebas, uzrunvelhyofs namd­
vil samarTlianobas.
exla unda mogaxsenoT staJis Sesaxeb. am staJis Sesaxeb, romelze­
dac iuridiul komisiaSic iyo laparaki, zogierTebi ambobdnen, rom
saWiro aris staJi, magaliTaT iuridiuli ganaTleba, saWiroa 8-10
weliwadi veqilad iyos an sadme imsaxuros. me dagisaxelebT bevr mag­

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aliTebs, _ umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo, msaxurobda bevrs, Sromobs, ma­
gram senatorad ver airCevT imitom, rom ara aqvs arsebiTi Tviseba da
arc senatorad gamodgeba. am SemTxvevaSi sakanonmdeblo dawesebule­
ba ar unda iyos im saSualebas moklebuli, rom Tu aris iseTi magali­
Ti, rom Tu aris iseTi magaliTi, rom kacs iuridiuli ganaTleba ar
miuRia, magram SeuZlia Tavis gamocdilebiT da praqtikiT Seasrulos
senatoris movaleoba, arCeuli iyos senatorad. aseTi SemTxeveva aris
magaliTad, iuridiuli ganaTleba roca aqvs miRebuli axalgazrdas,
romelsac aqvs unari, etyoba, rom is am saqmes moereva, SeiZleba am
SemTxvevaSi Cven ar movTxovoT imas staJi. rodesac aseTi farTo far­
gali gvaqvs, Cven SegviZlian Sesaferisi pirni amovarCioT. ai raSia
saqme. rodesac arCevnebze midgeba saqme, rasakvirvelia, damfuZnebe­
li kreba miiRebs mxedvelobaSi, Tu vis ramdeni umsaxurnia, sad um­
saxurnia. xSirad didi xnis samsaxuri arafers ar iZleva. me ar vambob,
rom praqtikas ar hqondes mniSneloba, magram xSirad senatorisaTvis
saWiro codnas ar iZleva, visac staJi ara aqvs, SeiZleba uyvardes es
saqme, SeiZleba hqondes amis unari da Tu Cven staJs miviRebT, Sevibo­
WavT Tavs. rac Seexeba gamomZiebels, unda mogaxsenoT, sanam dRevande­
li sistema gvaqvs, _ gamomZiebeli dRes emorCileba prokuraturas, ma­
nam unda darCes ise, rogorc am kanon-proeqtSi aris. magram, rodesac
es sistema Seicvleba da SemoviRebT sxva sistemas, gamoZiebis dros
mxareebis daSveba, maSin rasakvirvelia, Tqveni winadadeba miiReba ga­
momZieblis senatisadmi damorCileba. dRevandel pirobebSi ki rode­
sac gamomZiebeli emorCileba prokuraturas, unda darCes ise, ro­
gorc aris am kanon-proeqtSi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis damfuZnebel krebis wevrs b. bara­
TaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. me Zalian cota damrCa saTqmeli, radganac vem­
xrobi ZiriTad debulebas am kanon proeqtisas da TiTqmis, is iTqva,
rac Cven gvindoda, magram oriode sityvas mainc mogaxsenebT. senati,
rasakvirvelia, iseTi dawesebuleba aris, romelmac unda daicvas
kanonebi. Tvalyuri adevnos, rom es kanonebi swored aRsrulebuli
iqnes. mesame movaleoba senatisa aris sakasacio instancia. am SemTx­
vevaSi is uzenaesi dawesebuleba uzenaesi sasamarTloa, romelsac
unda movepyraT did ndobiT, senats didi saqme abaria da imisdamixed­
viT, rom CvenSi axali saxelmwifo Sendeba senatsac auarebeli saqme
eqneba gasarCevi. Cveni parlamenti norCi parlamenti aris. Cven gvaqvs
naklebi gamocdileba. SesaZlebelia, rom Cven SevqmnaT aq da gamovceT
dRes kanonebi, magram SesaZlebelia, es kanonebi cotad Tu bevrad
SinaarsiT ewinaaRmdegeboden im kanonebs, romelnic ukve Cven mier
iyvnen miRebuli. am SemTxevevaSi senats aqvs ufleba rom ganmarteba
gamosces... (rusia: es udavo aris) Seadaros.
aq brZaneben, rom es udavo ariso magram, me mgonia, udavo sakiTxeb­
zedac SeiZleba am tribunidan oriode sityva iTqvas. (xma: imas upasux­

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eT) me imaze mogaxsenebT, rom es sakiTxi udavo aris maSasadame senats
amisTvis didi saqme aqvs da marTlac, rom unda didi moqmedebiTi niWi.
Semdeg Cveni sakiTxi is aris, rom marTlac yoveli sasamarTlos
wevri unda iyos damoukidebeli da Tavisufali, mis sindisi sruliad
Tavisufali unda iyos. aravis maszed gavlena ar unda hqondes. sazo­
gadod yovel kanonSi es aris miRebuli da Cemis azriT am ZiriTad
debulebas es kanonproeqti uars ar yofs. Cven gvgonia, rom arc Cven
damfuZnebel krebaSi vinme aris amis winaaRmdegi, ara Cven sul sxva­
nairad vsvamT sakiTxs. ai magaliTad batonebo me-29 muxli ambobs...
(kiTxulobs) maSasadame, is damoukidebeli aris. magram aq brZaneben
Tu virCevTo, maS is aris damokidebulio, ara, es Semcdari azria. ga­
dayeneba misi Tu ar SegviZlian Cven, maSin imas Tavis Tavad Tavisu­
fleba aqvs. arCevnebi erTi aris da roca mTavroba winad gadaayenebda
xolme es kidev sxva mcneba aris.
mesame mosazreba is gaxlavT, rom damfuZnebeli kreba es demokra­
tiuli dawesebulebaa. imisTana damfuZnebeli kreba, romelic Cven
gvaqvs es sul axali movlena aris: is aris baton-patroni saxelmwi­
fosi, is aris am saxelmwifos neba-survilis gamomxatveli da imis
brZanebeli. da nuTu Tqven am brZanebels, am baton-patrons ar andobT
imisTana saqmes, rom amoirCios senatori. (xmauroba) ai raSia saqme.
ai rogor vayenebT Cven sakiTxs. (xmuroba) marTlac unda mogaxsenoT,
rom Cven axal movlenas ki ar vqmniT, Cven istoriac gvaqvs, b. gvaza­
vas moexseneba, rom federalur sasamarTlos wevrs irCevs senati da
nacionaluri sabWo, kreba nacionalisturi SeerTebuli. maSasadame,
isini arCeven auarebel sakiTxebs, arCeven urTierTobas saxelmwifoT
Soris, sakasacio saqmeebs da sxva, maSasadame, Tu es demokratiul
saxelmwifoebSi miRebuli aris da ramdenime wliT irCeven, ise ki ara,
rogorc aq aris, irCeven 4 wliT. maSasadame, es sakiTxi pirvelad ar
aris Cvens winaSe, istoriaSi aris, aseTi magaliTebi. es SveicariaSic
aris. (gvazava: sad aris?) samwuxarod ar vicodi, rom amisTana azrebs
gamosTqvamdiT dRes, mogitandiT wignebs, rom wagekiTxaT da dRes
saRamozed gadmogecaT.
axals arafers ar vaarsebT, Cven vaarsebT sakasacio instancias da
zedamxedvel senats, am SemTxvevaSi es istoriam gvikarnaxa da cxovre­
bam gviCvena da Cven vambobT, rom senati ar aris damokidebuli, is sul
sxva wesiT aris arCeuli.
aviRoT Tundac Cveni momrigebeli mosamarTle, ruseTSi mom­
rigebel mosamarTles vin irCevda? irCevda sazogadoeba, sami wliT
irCevda. aqedan ra gamodinareobs, rom mosamarTle cudaT asrulebda
Tavis movaleobas, isini ar iyvnen arCeulni xalxis mier? iyvnen arCeu­
li. maSasadame, gamocdilebam dagvimtkica, rom es wesi misaRebia da
saqmes ar uSlis. exla Cven gvaqvs TviTmmarTvelobebi, rogorc qalaq­
Si ise erobebi, TviTmmarTvelobebi irCeven momrigebel mosamarTles.
maSasadame es dawesebuleba, rom miiRo, me mgonia, rom swored aseTi

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dawesebuleba eTviseba demokratiul weswyobilebas da moTxovnile­
bas. amisdamixedviT Cven gamomdinareobiT, am uflebiT vxelmZRvane­
lobT, romliTac aRWurvilia damfuZnebeli kreba.
meore sakiTxi es aris cenzi. kanonSi pirdapir aris naTqvami
ase... (kiTxulobs) maSasadame, iuridiuli ganaTleba senators unda
hqondes, es pirveli debuleba aris. exla b. gvazavas da sxvebs hgoni­
aT, rom gverds auxvevs damfuZnebeli kreba da ara iurists aarCevs.
Cven ase ar vsazrobT, Cven gvgonia, rom damfuZnebeli kreba aarCevs
saTanado pirs. damfuZnebeli kreba aswon-daswonis da amoarCevs
imisTana pirs, romelic saTanadod aasrulebs Tavis movaleobas. ma­
gram gamonaklisi unda iyos. SeiZleba aramc Tu sxvagan, aqac iyvnen, b.
gvazavam es unda icodes, ara iuristebi magram mcodneni. aris pirebi,
romelTac ar umsaxuria, isini iuristebi arian, praqtika gamocdile­
ba ara aqvT, magram me mgonia senatSi muSaoba SeuZlianT, esmiT ra
aris ufleba da SeuZlianT sisworiT gadawyviton esa Tu is sakiTxi.
amisdamixedviT gamonaklisi SeiZleba. mSvenieri gamoCenili iuristi
iyo Cermisovi. b. gvazavas kargad ecodineba, magram ar iyo iuristi,
iuridiuli fakulteti ar daumTavrebia, Tumca yvela Cven vcemdiT
pativs rogorc iurists. me mgonia arCevaze Tu midgeboda saqme Cer­
misovs avirCevdiT senatorad. swored aseT gamonakliszed Cven vlapa­
rakobT, da aseT gamonakliss viRebT.
rac Seexeba mesame Sesworebas gamomZiebelis Sesaxeb, Cven Tanaxma­
ni varT, rom mTavrobam daniSnos gamomZiebeli, magram gamomZiebeli
da prokurori sul erTia damoukidebeli unda iyos, rogorc sxvebi.
Cven winaRmdegi ar viqnebiT, rom mTavrobam Tavis mixedviT gadaayenos
an gamoscvalos is. (xmauroba) (xma; prokurori?) diax, am SemTxvevaSi
Cven im azrisa varT, rom daniSnos erTi gamomZiebeli, gamoscvalos
meore. is saerTod pasuxismgebeli aris da garda am pirebis miviReT,
rom mosamarTle olqis sasamarTlosi, an palatisa am SemTxvevaSi
Seucvleli aris. me mgonia, rom iseTive unda iyos, imave uflebiT
unda iyos aRWurvili rogorc gamomZiebeli, ise prokurori, imisda­
mixedviT Tu ramdenaT SesaZlebelia mTavrobis mier erTgvari TviT­
neboba me magaliTs mogaxsenebT. SeiZleba mTavroba ar daeTanxmos ama
Tu im prokurors, gamomZiebels da es sakiTxi gadaswyvitos sxva dawe­
sebulebaSi, rogorc olqis sasamarTlom, an senatma. es iqneba wvril­
mani Sesworebebi, romlebsac Cven SemovitanT, amaze Cven ar vmarTavT
kamaTs. magram am SemTxevevaSi mosamarTle sazogadod damoukidebeli
unda iyos, me mgonia, gamomZiebeli da prokuraturis nawili damou­
kidebeli unda iyos. am SemTxevevaSi isini Seucvlelni unda iyvnen. rac
Seexeba TviT kanons, vsTqvaT gamomZiebeli ar eTanxmeba prokurors, am
SemTxevvaSi swyvets sakiTxs olqis sasamarTlo. is ambobs darCeba ase
Tu, ise. es wvrilmani Sesworeba aris, romlebsac Cven SemovitanT Tav­
is droze. noes ZiriTad debulebas Cven viRebT da me mgonia, damfuZne­
beli krebac mas miiRebs.

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 Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis ministrs b. gegeWkors.
evgeni p. gegeWkori. moqalaqeno, am dawesebulebis mniSvneloba,
romelic am kanon-proeqtiT Semogvaqvs da romlis organizacias Cven
vapirebT Tqvens winaSe, momxsenebelma kargad aRniSna. unda mogaxse­
noT, rom am Cvens aRmaSeneblobiTi muSaobaSi, is kanon-proeqti, ro­
melic exla Tqven warmogidgaT es erTi didi nabiji gaxlavT im mxriv,
rom marTlac CvenSi, Cven respublikaSi dawesdes uflebrivi cxovre­
ba da uflebrivi urTierToba sazogadoebriv cxovrebisa, dRemdis
rogorc iciT, swored aseT organos uqonloba did zians warmoadgen­
da Cvens muSaobaSi, radganac rogorc aq iTqva, marTla ar kmara kano­
nis dawera, karg kanonis dawera, umTavresi da umniSvnelesi roli da
mniSvneloba aqvs, Tu vin rogor gaigebs am kanons da rogor gaatarebs
cxovrebaSi. radganac am kanonebs sxva da sxva dawesebulebebi atare­
ben, Tavis Tavad cxadia, bunebrivia, rom am dawesebulebebs, am orga­
noebs Taviseburad esmiT es kanoni da Tavisebur Sinaarss sdeben am
kanonSi. es iwvevs erTgvar arev-darevas, es badebs iseT urTierTobas,
romelic am aRmSeneblobiTi muSobas xels uSlis. am mxriv, me mgonia,
rom Tu Cven, Cven muSaobas davagvirgvinebT, senats miviRebT da is
Seudgeba am muSaobas im droidan, romelic romelic aRniSnuli aris
sxvaTaSoris damatebiTi kanonSi, pirvel seqtembridan, _ me mgonia,
rom Cveni respublikis saqmis mogvareba da misi konstituciis ufle­
briv CarCoebSi Cayeneba amiTi did nabijs warsdgams.
me unda mogaxsenoT mTavrobis saxeliT, rom mTavroba sruliad
iziarebs im debulebas, im princips, romelzedac aSenebuli aris es
kanon-proeqti. is mosazreba, romelic aq moiyvana moqalaqe gvazavam,
Cven ar SegviZlian miviRoT. es iseTi mosazreba ar aris, romelic
gvaZlevdes saSualebas SevcvaloT Cveni Sexeduleba am saganzed. da
marTlac is metodi am senatis organizaciisa, romelic unda Seita­
nos b. gvazavam mTeli saukunoebiT daasamarebs am organos. swored
samarTlianad SeniSna aq moqalaqe giorgaZem, rom Tu Cven marTlac
davadgebiT am gzas, rom TviT faqti erTxel arCevisa avalebs adamians
iyos senatorad sikvdilamdis, _ es faqti me mgonia daukargavs am or­
ganizacias yovelnair Tavis mniSvnelobas da gadaiqceva swored sama­
reT. (gvazava: „ratom sxvagan ar gadaiqca“?) me unda mogaxsenoT, rom
swored aseTi SemTxveva gaxldaT marto ruseTSi. (gvazava: inglis­
Si, amerikaSi ar gaxldaT?) amerikaSi ar gaxlavT, amerikaSi irCeven,
magram samudamoT ar irCeven. aq gamodian ramodenime erTi mesamedi.
(gvazava: Судебный Сенат вы путаете). (zari Tavmjdomarisa) me vacxadeb
_ arsad aseTi dawesebuleba, garda ruseTis biurokratiul senati­
sa, ar arsebobda... da cxovrebam, praqtikulma cxovrebam am SemTxveva­
Si aiZula ruseTis biurokratia, rom aseTi mdgomareoba Seecvala.
marTlac gansajeT, vTqvaT, amnairad airCieT Tqven erTi kaci, rom sen­
atorad gamodgeba, magram cxovrebam da misma muSaobam daamtkica, rom
is senatorad an kanonmdeblad ar varga. maSin ra gamosavals xedavs

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b. gvazava? aq ar aris araviTari gamosavali. unda ucadoT im bedni­
er wuTs, romelsac is cxovrebas gamoesalmeba da Tavs dagvikargavs.
es xalxisTvis da saxelmwifosTvis dasaSvebi mdgomareoba aris? me
vekiTxebi b. gvazavas. me vlaparkob, rom yovlad dauSvebelia marTlac
iseTi SemTxveva da damyareba saxelmwifoeriv cxovrebisa, rom es ara
sasurveli senatori ucbaT mokvdes. me mgonia, rom aseT mdgomareoba­
ze Cven ver SevCerdebiT da amaze saxelmwifos ver davimyarebT. maSin
rodesac is principi, romelic udevs safuZvlad am proeqts sruliad
ar arRvevs im princips, romlis darRveva ase aSinebs b. gvazavas.
iqneba Tu ara damoukidebeli is senatori, romelsac Cven exla dam­
fuZnebel krebis arsebobis dros ori wliT virCevT? Semdeg, rode­
sac mudmivi parlamenti gveqneba, am parlamanetSi SemovitanT Cven
kanons, _ 4 wliT. me vamtkiceb Tqvens winaSe, rom damoukideblobis
principi amiT sruliad ar irRveva, radganac im xnis ganmavlobaSi, ra
xniTac amorCeulia senatori, aravis ara aqvs ufleba arc mTavrobas,
arc iusticiis ministrs gadaayenos esa Tu is mosamarTle, an esa Tu
is senatori Tavis adgilidan. amnairad es principi sruliad daculi
aris da imave dros senatis organizaciaSi Cven gvaqvs saSualeba ax­
ali Zalebi SemoviyvanoT. da amnairad avacdinoT senats is saSineli
mdgomareoba, romlsac is miRebs ueWvelad, Tu ki Cven erTxel da samu­
damoT amovirCieT senatorebi is daxavsdeba da samareT gadaiqceva.
Cemis azriT, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT es xorcmetad iqneba Cven cxovrebaSi.
rac Seexeba sakiTxs cenzis Sesaxeb, me unda mogaxsenoT, rom am
SemTxevaSi b. gvazavas mosazreba sruliad moklebuli aris, rogorc
mecnierul niadags, romelzedac is xSirad aqedan da sazogadoT
presis furclidan gahkivis. is laparakobs, rom kanoni isTe unda Se­
vardginoT, rom iyos unda naTqvami, gansazRvruli, rom ai Tu 7, an 8
weliwadi mosamarTleT ar xar, an am sferoSi ar gimuSavniaT, aseTi
staJi ar migiRiao, Tqven skanonmdeblo dawesebulebas, damfuZneb­
el krebas da parlaments sxva vinme amis garda airCioT. me vlapara­
kob, rom aseTi sakiTxis dayeneba es aris ganyenebuli msjeloba, rom
Cven marTlac am kanon-proeqts imnairad vaSenebdeT, rom senatorad
irCeodes mxolod is, visac iuridiuli fakulteti daumTavrebia,
an iuridiuli ganaTleba miuRia da sxva araferi, maSin Tavis Tav­
ad cxadia Tqven marTali iqnebodiT, magram, Cven sruliad amas ar
vlaparakobT. Cven rodesac vlaparakobT, rom senators moeTxove­
ba iuridiuli fakulteti, amiT sruliad ar uarvyofT imas, ra­
sac Tqven brZanebT. piriqiT Cven gvgonia, rom damfuZnebel krebas
da parlaments eZleva saSualeba am farTo asparezze imoqmedos da
ufro farTo wridan amoarCios saTanado pirebi. Cveni redaqciiT da
iuridiul komisiis redaqciiT, ufro farTo wridan amoarCeven sen­
atorebs, xolo b. gvazavas redaqcia sazRvravs moqmedebas kanonmdeb­
el dawesebulebisa. ai, amboben, rom mxolod da mxolod Tu staJi
aqvs mxolod is kaci SegiZlianT amoarCioT da gaxadoT senatorad.

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TviT b. gvazava dameTanxeba, rogorc sruliad samarTlianad brZana
b. giorgaZem, rom arian iseTi samosamarTlo moRvaweni, romelTac
didi xnis staJi aqvT, magram senatorad isini ver gamodgebian, aseTi
SemTxveva iqneba iyos da aris.
meores mxriv iseTi SemTxveva da sxvaTaSoris me erT pirs
dagisaxelebT, es aris gamoCenili moRvawe, romelic 18 wlisa, rom iyo,
albad b. gvazavas es kargad moexseneba, gamoCenili kaci iyo iurispru­
denciis sferoSi. ai vsTqvaT gamoCnda aseTi piri. Tqveni redaqciiT, _
aqvs Tu ara parlaments da damfuZnebel krebas saSualeba aseTi piri
amoarCios senatorad? me vfiqrob, rom aseTi saSualeba ar gvaqvs. ma­
Sin rodesac Cveni redaqciiT sruli saSualeba gvaqvs. Tu gamogvadge­
ba is, visac staJi aqvs, Cven mas amovirCevT. Tu ki is axalgazrda kaci,
romelmac exlaxan daamTavra kursi, Cveni SexedulebiT, parlamentis
SexedulebiT, aris romelic senatorad gamodgeba maSin, rasakvirve­
lia, Cven SegviZlian isic davasaxeloT da isic ki amovarCioT sena­
torad. me mgonia, rom Cveni Sexeduleba ufro mizanSewonilad uwevs
cxovrebas angariSs da swored es principi unda daudvaT safuZvlad
Cvens kanon-proeqts.
gamomZieblis daniSvna SeuZlebelia, brZana b. gvazavam. me mgonia,
rom sakiTxis ase dayeneba esec cota ganyenebuli msjeloba aris. Tu
ki Cven prokuraturas vniSnavT, da is unda davniSnoT imitom, rom
sasamarTlos sferoSi, am wreebSi, am sferoSi Tu mTavrobas Tavisi
organizacia, romelic daamzadebs masalas, romelsac unda gasinjos,
gadaswyvitos da Tavisi dadgenileba gamoitanos. maSin, rasakvirve­
lia, me ver warmomidgenia iseTi organizacia sasamarTlosi, es war­
modgenilia. TviT sasamarTlos xom ver mivcemT Cven mTel am saqmeebs,
radganac maSin sasamarTlo unda moiwyos sxvagvarad. maSin Cven ad­
ministracia unda gadavsceT sasamarTlos da sxva. maSasadme, Tu Cven
prokuraturas mTavrobas utovebT, me mgonia, rom am prokuratu­
ras unda hyavdes iseTi organo, romelsac es unda eyrdnobodes, mis
muSaobas uZRodes, aZlevdes erTnair karnaxs da yovel SemTxvevaSi
emsaxurebodes WeSmaritebas, Tu ki Tqven gamomZiebels prokurors Ca­
moarTmevT xelidan, Tu mis agentaT ar gaxdiT, me Tqven gekiTxebiT, ro­
mel kanoniT SegiZlianT aamuSavoT es aparati. veraviTar saSualebiT
Tqven am aparats ver aamuSavebT.
am gziT, Cemis azriT, sasamarTlos da saxelmwifos did zians mi­
vayenebT. amitom me mgonia, rom am SemTxvevaSi es mxarec unda dato­
voT ise, rogorc aris. ese igi gamomZiebelic da prokuroric unda
iniSnebodes mTavrobis mier.
dasasrul, me unda mogaxsenoT, rom marTalia, yovelad warmoud­
genelia iseTi organizaciis Seqmna, romelsac TavSive, dRidan misi
daarsebisa defeqtebi ar hqondes, es organizacia iqneboda ideali
da radganac cxovrebaSi Cven ideals ver vxedavT, am kanon-proeqtsac
ver movTxov amas. magram yovel SemTxvevaSi imisdamixedviT, Tu ras

385
moiTxovs mecniereba, Tu ras moiTxovs praqtika, Tu ras moiTxovs
xalxis interesi, saxelmwifo da misi aRmSeneblobiTi miznebi, _ ai
amisdamixedviT Cemis azriT is proeqti, romelic Tqven winaSe aris
warmodgenili Tavis daniSnulebas upasuxebs da mizanSewonilia. da
me mgonia, rom damfuZnebelma krebam swored unda miiRos is safuZ­
veli, ra safuZvelzec es kanon-proeqti aris aSenebuli. rac Seexeba
zogierT muxlebs am kanon-proeqtis, me unda mogaxseoT, rom mTavro­
bas eqneba zogierTi Sesworeba ara principialuri aramed wvrilma­
ni xasiaTisa. magram amis saSualeba Cven gveqneba rodesac SeudgebiT
am kanon-proeqtis muxlobriv ganxilvas. es Sesworebebi, rasakvir­
velia Tqven dasadastureblad, Tqven misaRebad an uarsayofad war­
modgenili iqneba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis gobeCias.
ivane gobeCia. (s.-r.) rigianad mowyobili sasamarTlo aucilebeli
pirobaa yoveli uflebrivi saxelmwifos arsebobisTvis. magram rigia­
naT sasamarTlo maSin iqneba mowyobili, rodesac yvela sasamarTlo
dawesebulebaTa zedamxedveli organo, maTi gvirgvini uzenaesi sa­
samarTlo TviT iqneba rigianaT mowyobili. warmodgenil knon-pro­
eqtiT uzenaes sasamarTloT saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSi
senatia aRiarebuli, romelsac metaT rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo
movaleobani aqvs dakisrebuli da amasTan erTad didi uflebebic
aqvs miniWebuli. senatorebs irCevs sakanonmdeblo dawesebuleba da
es sruli garantiaa imis, rom sasamarTlos bedi sando pirTa xelSi
iqneba. mTeli xalxis mier ndobiT aRWurvil pirT arCevani _ TviT
am mxriv warmodgenili kanon-proeqti udefeqtod unda CaiTvalos,
radganac is akmayofilebs demokratiul saxelmwifos marTl-msa­
julobis uTavres moTxovnilebebs. saerTod kanon-proeqti Cveni
fraqciis azriT misaRebia, mxolod zogierTi muxli unda Seicvalos,
magaliTad, meoce muxlis ZaliT senatoris arCeva SeiZleba mxolod
iseT pirTagan, romelTac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba miuRi­
aT anda mosamarTled mainc umsaxurniaT aranakleb rva wlisa. ase­
Ti cenzis daweseba sruliaT usamarTlod Seborkavs sakanonmdeblo
dawesebulebas senatorTa arCevis dros da, SesaZlebelia, zogierT
SemTxvevaSi cenzis dawesebam didi zianic moutanos swor da marTlm­
sajulebis saqmes. SesaZlebelia romelime moqalaqes ar hqondes miRe­
buli umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba da arc mosamarTlis rva wlis
staJi gaevlos magram senatoraT arCevis Rirsi mainc iyos. senatoraT
unda iqnes arCeuli iseTi piri, romelic aRniSnulia kanon-proeqtSi,
amisaTvis sruliad ar aris saWiro rom asarCev pirs hqondes diplomi
anda mosamarTleT emsaxurnos. xSirad kacs umaRlesi iuridiuli ga­
naTleba aqvs miRebuli, pirveli xarisxis diplomiTac aris dajild­
ovebuli, magram iuridiulaT sruliaT ver azrovnebs da aseTi piris
senatoraT arCeva sasamarTlos ubedurebis da zianis mets verafers
ver Sematebs. meore mxriv arian iseTi pirebic, romelTac umaRlesi

386
iuridiuli ganaTleba ar miuRiaT, magram ufleba TeoretiulaT, uni­
versitetis gareSe, SeuswavliaT praqtikulaT. kanonebis codnaSi
patentian iuristebs ar Camouvardebian da iuridiuladac saRaT da
sworeT msejeloben da azrovnoben.
am SemTxvevaSi Cven senatorTa arCevis dros upiratesoba unda
mivaniWoT meore kategoriis xalxs da ara usaTuod imaT, vinc uma­
Rlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba miiRo. SesaZlebelia agreTve romelime
piri ubralo mosamarTleT aramc Tu rva weli iyos, aramed xuTjer
rva weli, magram senatoraT mainc ver gamodges. maSasadame, mxolod
umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebis miReba anda mosamarTled yofna Ta­
visTavad ver CaiTvleab iseT sazomaT, romeliTac Cven yovel SemTx­
vevaSi unda vixelmZRvaneloT senatorTa arCevis dros. aq saWiroa
sul sxvagvari sazomis gamonaxva da aseT sazomaT unda CaiTvalos
uflebis, kanonebis codna, iuridiulaT azrovnebis unari da ara is,
miRebuli aqvs sasenatoro pirs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba Tu
ara. sakanonmdeblo dawesebulebas sruli saSvaleba aqvs Seucdom­
lad gamoarkvios, Tu romeli moqalaqes aqvs meti codna uflebis da
kanonebis, e.i. romeli moqalaqe ufro gamodgeba senatoraT. amitom
sruliaT ar iqneba mizanSewonili uzenaes da umaRles sakanonmdeb­
lo organos windawin SeboWva senatorTa arCevis dros iseTi cenzis
daarsebiT, romelic aRniSnulia kanon-proeqtSi. SesaZlebelia, rom
romelime moqalaqe did mcodne iyos kanonebis, masTan metad niWieri
da, umaRles iuridiuli ganaTlebis garda sami fakulteti hqondes
damTavrebuli, magram zneobrivad ise dabla idges, rom misi arCeva
senatorad yovlad SeuZlebelia (kedia: zneobis cenzic saWiro yo­
fila!) diax, zneobis cenzi mudam igulisxmeba mSromel demokratiis
mier, magram burJuebisaTvis da maT mosarCle ideolog-mecnierTaT­
vis zneobis cenzi savaldebuli ar aris. maSasadame, rogorc zneobis,
agreTve kanonebis, uflebis codnis cenzi senatoraT asarCev pirTaT­
vis Tavis-Tavad igulisxmeba, amis gageba kidevac ZaluZs xalxis ne­
ba-survilebis umaRles gamomxatvels, damfuZnebel krebas da amitom
amis kanonSi aRniSvna sruliad zedmetia.
meaTe muxlSi agreTve sruliad usafuZvloa erTi moTxovniloba,
is rom sisxlis samarTlis departamentis senatorTa ricxvSi erTi
unda iyos samxedro iuristi. aseTi specialuri, raRac kasturi cen­
zis daarsebas ar moiTxovs arc demokratizmi da arc TviT momaval
senatis Semadgenlobis Rirseba. erTi, rom samxedro kanons, ubralo
da ara pagonebiani iuristic gaigebs da ganmartavs, miTumetes, rom
Cven exla mainc ar mogvepoveba saqarTveloSi samxedro iuridiuli
akademia, romelic samxedro iuridil codnas avrcelebdes xalxSi da
amzadebdes samxedro senatorebs, meore da umTavresi ki is aris, rom,
exla Tu ver movaxerxeT, Cven momavalSi mainc unda gavauqmoT iseTi
gansakuTrebuli sasamarTloebi, rogoric aris samxedro, sagangebo
da sxva sasamarTloebi da amitom samxedro iuristebis Seyvana senat­

387
Si, mxolod imitom, rom maT samxedro akademia gauTavebiaT, gauge­
bari da Seuwynarebelia.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli sergei jafariZe. unda mogaxsenoT, rom is, rac Tqven
b. gvazavam da gobeCiam, muxlobriv ganxilvis dros rom eTqvaT, ufro
mizan Sewonili iqneboda, imitom, rom TviToeul sakiTxis dakavSire­
ba TviToeul calke muxlTan, ai maSin, ufro advili iqneboda. b. gva­
zava ambobs, rom principialurad vadiT arCevas ewinaaRmdegeba mo­
samarTles damoukideblobis principi. ra Tqma unda, es ese ar aris,
radganac, rodesac amboben rom mosamarTle unda iyos xeluxlebeli
da gadauyenebeli, es imas niSnavs, rom vadis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac
mas kanoniT ufleba aqvs imsaxuros, mTavrobas ar unda hqondes ufle­
ba, gadaayenos, ase vsTqvaT, Tavis nebiT. TviT b. gvazavam moiyvana ise­
Ti aSkara faqti (?) rogorc aris momrigebeli mosamarTle, romelsac
virCevT sami wlis vadiT. aseTi magaliTebi aris SveicariaSi, sadac
sakanonmdeblo organo irCevs umaRles sasamarTlos wevrebs vadiT
aseve ramodenimed amerikaSi. amerikis prezidenti da senati SeTanx­
mebiT irCeven aseT uzenaes sasamarTlos wevrebs, iq aris naTqvami:
rom is imsaxurebs manam, sanam is kargad asrulebs saqmes, и пока хорошо
исполняет свое дело: gamodis, rom Tu prezidenti da senati dainaxavs,
rom kargad ar asrulebs saqmes, SeiZleba gadaayenos ase rom, am mxriv
arc istoriuli, arc sxva raime gamarTleba ara aqvs gvazavas debule­
bas. es aris mosazreba Tundac politikuri, senati, rogorc mogex­
senebaT ganmartavs kanonebs, es ki Zalian mZime saqme aris, da bevri
ram xifaTi SeiZleba mohyves am ganmartebas, es ubralo saqme ar aris.
„meqoTne qoTans yurs sadac unda iqiT gamoabams“ „Закон _ что дышло,
куда повернешь туда и вышло~. ese igi, rogorc ginda, ise ganmarteb kan­
ons, amitom erTgvari politikuri xasiaTi aqvs kanonis ganmartebas.
TviT kanoni aris iuridiuli gamoxatva im politikur da socialis­
tur urTierTobisa, romelic sufevda im dros, rodesac kanoni ga­
modioda, ese igi gamomxatveli im politikisa, politikur urTier­
Tobisa, rodesac kanoni gamocemuli iyo; da raki kanons politikur
xasiaTi aqvs, Tavis Tavad igulisxmeba, erTgvari politikuri elferi
aqvs, Cven vcdilobT bolos da bolos, rom sasamarTlo davaSoroT
politikas. magram politika iseTi ram aris, karidan rom gavdevnoT
fanjridan Semova. aqedan is daskvna gamodis, rom senati, senatis
mowyoba iseTi unda iyos, rom ganmartos kanoni ise rogorc es Seef­
ereba axal weswyobilebas, SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, moxdes amnairad,
rom Cven avirCevT senatorebs, samwuxarod Cven ar gvaqvs iseTi far­
To wreebi, rom CvenTvis sasargeblo pirebi avirCioT, usaTuod unda
avirCioT iseTi pirebi, romlebzedac mtkice rwmena ar gvaqvs, maSin
moxdeba is, rom SeiZleba CavardeT iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom avirCevT
vinme uvargiss da imis gadayeneba aRar SegveZleba. b. gvazavas exsome­
ba, rom msaxurebda erTi mosamarTle, romelsac arc Tvali uWrida,

388
arc yuri, amasac ver gadavayenebdiT. meqrTmeoba rom SevamCnioT, ima­
sac ver gadavayenebT. ai es rom ar moxdes, Tu Cvenda uneburad senat­
Si moxvda iseTi xalxi, romelic axal wyobilebas ar Seefereba, Cven
saSualeba unda gvqondes isini SevcvaloT da axali xalxi avirCioTo.
imis Tqma, rom Tuki darwmunebuli viqnebiT, rom „aRar amoirCeven,
raT vimsaxurebo“. es mosazreba aramc Tu ar amarTlebs Tqven debule­
bas piriqiT arRvevs, imitom rom is mosamarTle, romelmac icis rom
vadiT aris arCeuli, piriqiT unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, rom es mo­
samarTle romelic sikvdilamde iqneba arCeuli, metadre xanSi Ses­
uli, yovelive xaliss dakargavs saqmisadmi. ai amitom vadiT arCeva
es metad sasargeblo niadags qmnis muSaobisTvis. rac Seexeba meore
sakiTxs, Tu ra pirobebs unda akmayofilebdes asarCevi kandidati,
kanon-proeqtSi ase aris: senatorad arCeva SeiZleba im pirisa, ro­
melsac iuridiuli ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli umaRlesi, anda, Tundac
aseTi ara aqvs miRebuli, magram praqtikuli momzadeba aqvs; 8 wlis
ganmavlobaSi mosamsarTleT msaxurobda. am mxriv b. gvazavas azriT,
saWiro aris iuridiuli cenzic praqtikuli cenzic, eseigi iuristic
iyo da praqtikuli cenzic hqondes. meore mxriv b. gobeCia uaryofda
cenzis saWiroebas (kedia: simarTle sad ufroa). me pirveli. b. gvaza­
vas azri, ufro samarTlianad mimaCnia. kanonis ganmartebas, sasamarT­
los warmoebas amas erTgvari texnika unda. texnika da samarTalis
qmna es mecnieruli dargi aris; rom senatori sasargeblo iyos, imas
Seswavlili unda hqondes es dargi da praktikuli ganaTlebuli unda
iyos, Cven rom mivandoT yvelas kanonis ganmarteba es iqneba meCeqmeebs
mivandoT puris gamocxobda da mepures Ceqmebis Sekerva. amitom me
vambob, aq usaTuod saWiroa erTgvari pirobebi, da sxvaTaSoris unda
daudvaT is, rom momzadeba unda hqondes an iuridiuli an praktiku­
li mainc. iuridiul komisiaSi didi brZola iyo am sakiTxis garSemo.
iyo erTi mZlavri mimdinareoba, Tumca umciresoba romelic ambobda
rom iuridiul ganaTlebasTan erTad saWiro aris praqtikuli sta­
Jic. dRes momqmed kanoniT, palatis wevris daniSvna SeiZleba mxolod
maSin Tu imas umaRlesi ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli, da amasTan 12 wlis
praktika aqvs. magram Cven SevzRudeT es wre pirobebisa im mosazre­
biT, rom raki mTavroba ki ar niSnavs, an ministri, romelmac SeiZleba
ufro advilad Caidinos raime Secdoma, aramed irCevs damfuZnebeli
kreba, sadac yvela es pirobebi yovel mxriv awonil dawonili iqneba,
yvela aseT pirobebiT ver SevzRudavT damfuZnebel krebas miTumetes,
rom dRes Cven bevri ar gvyavs iseTi pirebi, romelnic akmayofileb­
den am or moTxovnilebas iuridiul ganaTlebs da praqtikul staJs,
amitom me ar mimaCnia safuZvlianad arc b. gvazavas azri, da miTufro
naklebad b. gobeCias azri. rac Seexeba gamomZieblis sakiTxs, gamomZie­
beli, kanon-proeqtiT, iniSneba mTavrobis mier. winaT iniSneboda min­
istris wardgeniT mefis mier. ar aris mTlad safuZvliani is azri,
viTom gamomZiebeli mosamarTle iyos, ase rom vTqvaT mosamarTle

389
aris prokuroric imitom, rom rogorc erTi, ise meore Tavis sinidi­
sis qveS, kanonier farglebSi, moqmedebs: aravis aqvs neba Zala daat­
anos prokurors „Sen Seni sindisis winaaRmed imoqmedeo“, miT nakle­
bad SeuZlian misi Tqma. gamomZieblisTvis oriveni, rogorc sinidisiT
ise iuridiulad Tavisuflad moqmedoben. mTavrobis mxriv gavlenas
niadagi aqvs mospobili, imitom rom Semdeg sasamarTlos wevrs da
palatis wevrs niSnavs senati da ara mTavroba. Tqven rom warmoidgi­
noT, rom mTavrobam moindomos ama Tu im saqmes esa Tu is mimarTuleba
misces, gamomZiebels SeuZlian Tavis sindisis qveS sTqvas „agre ar vi­
zam“, imitom rom misi kariera ar ispoba, da Tu winad win waweva mTav­
robisagan iyo damokidebuli, exla ase aRar iqneba Tu gamomZiebeli
iCens unars Sromisas, codnisas, senati imas airCevs. ase rom mTavro­
bis gavlenis SesaZleblobas im mxriv yovelive niadagi ekargeba, ami­
tom me vambob, araferi waxdeba sazogadoebriv interesis mxriv, rom
mTeli sagamomZieblo da saprokuratoro aparati iqnes mTavrobis xe­
lSi, ese igi gamomZieblis daniSvnac.
Tavmjdomare. am rigad kamaTi Sesrulebulia. muxlobrivi ganx­
ilva kenWis yriT miRebulia. kreba daxurulia.
(sxdoma ixureba dRis 3 s. da 45 w.)

390
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meocdaTvramete sxdoma

samSabaTi, 1919 weli, ivlisis 22. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umfrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili,
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
sxdoma iwyeba dilis 11 saaTsa da 45 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. (zari) sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. (mdivani mogaxsen­

ebT dRi­ur wesrigs).
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

komisiebSi gadasacemi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi.

1. sabiblioTeko komisiis proeqti dekretisa _ saqarTvelos re­

spublikaSi gamocemul beWdviTi sityvis nawarmoebTa mTavrobisadmi
aTi calis ufasod wardgenis Sesaxeb _ gadaeces ganaTlebis da iurid­
iul komisias.
2. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ qalaq WiaTurisTvis
erTi milioni man. sesxad micemis Sesaxeb _ gadaeces sabiujeto-safi­
nanso komisias.
3. Sinagan saqmeTa ministris kanon-proeqti _ qalaq WiaTuris sa­
sargeblod Sav qvaze dawesebul safuTo gadasaxadis gadidebis Sesax­
eb _ gadaeces sabiujeto-safinanso komisias.

391
 4. ganaTlebis ministris proeqti dekretisa _ tfilisis satexniko
saswavleblis saSualo sapolitexniko saswavleblad gadakeTebis
Sesaxeb _ gadaeces ganaTlebis da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiaT.
dmfuZnebeli kreba adasturebs am nusxas.

dRiuri wesrigi.

1. dekreti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 120.160 man. gaRebisa saqarTve­

los saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis dasaxmareblad.
2. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mmarT­
velobis mowyobis Sesaxeb.
3. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ SeiaraRebul
ZalTa mowyobis Sesaxeb.
4. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ centralur sas­
tatistiko komitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb.
5. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ gzaTa departa­
mentis Statebisa da xarjTaRricxvisa.
6. dekreti _ tfilisis da quTaisis saadgilmamulo bankebis wes­
debis Secvlisa.
7. dekreti _ samxedro begaris ausruleblobisaTvis da am dana­
Saulis dafarvisa da waqezebisaTvis dasjisa.
8. dekreti _ soxum-axalsenakisa da gudauT-pilenkovis gzat­
kecilebis xidebis 1919 w. asagebad da SesakeTeblad 857.996 man. ga­
dadebisa.
9. dekreti _ Savi qvis safuTo gadasaxadis gadidebisa.
10. dekreti _ WiaTuris Savi qvis mrewvelTa sabWosaTvis naxevari
milioni man. sesxad micemisa:
11. dekreti _ saxlemwifo universiteetis axali Statisa.
12. dekreti _ 150.000 man. gaRebisa inglisis misiis dasakmayo­
fileblad. nataneb-baTomis rkinis gzis saeqsploatacioT gadmocemi­
saTvis.
13. dekreti _ Sina gadasaxlebis saqmis mosawyobad xuTi milioni
man. gadidebisa.
14. dekreti _ saqarTvelos wiTel jvris sazogadoebis sasarge­
blod rkinis gzis bileTebis dabegvrisa.
15. dekreti _ 100.000 man. gadadebisa soxumis olqSi epidemiasTan
sabrZolvelad.
16. pirveli (zogadi) ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa _ saostato semina­
riis damatebiTi Statis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. wesrigis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis b. faRavas.
giorgi faRava. social-demokratebis fraqcias winadadeba Se­
moaqvs rom ukanaskneli muxli wesrigisa, ese igi, pirveli ganxil­
va kanon-proeqtisa saostato seminariis damatebiTi Statis Sesaxeb

392
iqnes gadatanili meeqvse muxlad, Semdeg gzaTa departamentis Sta­
tebisa da xarjT-aRricxvisa.
Tavmjdomare. surs Tu ara am winadadebis Sesaxeb sityva? Tu ar­
avin aris winaaRmdegi, maSasadame, winadadeba miRebulia. am gvarad
ukanaskneli muxli iqneba mexuTe muxlis adgilis Semdeg. pirveli
sakiTxi gaxlavT dekreti saxelmwifo xazinidan 120.160 maneTis gaRe­
bisa saqarTvelos saistorio da saetnografio sazogadoebis dasax­
mareblad. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebel. SaraSiZis asuls.
qristine SaraSiZis asuli. damfuZnebel krebisaTvis dasadas­
tureblad warmodgenili gaxlavT dekreti saqarTvelos saistorio
saetnografio sazogadoebis saWiroebisaTvis xazinidan 120.160 man.
gaRebisa.
am 12 wlis winad saistorio saetnografio sazogadoeba bune­
brivad aRmocenda Cveni kulturuli wyurvilisa da Ziebis ganviTare­
bis procesSi, rogorc TviTnebobisa da TviT Seswavlisaken mZlavr
midrekilebis gamomxatveli.
am 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoebis dauRalavi saqmianoba ori
mimarTulebiT viTardeboda; erTis mxriv is Tavs uyrida da inaxav­
da saistorio, saarqeologio, saetnografo nivTebs, xelTnawerebs,
suraTebs sigel-gujrebs, freskebis aslebs _ yovelives, rac ki Cveni
eris sulieris da nivTieri kulturis fasdaudebel ganZs warmoad­
genda.
am gvarad Sehqmna saistorio saeTnografio sazogadoebam erovnu­
li muzeumi.
meore mxriv sazogadoeba Cveni warsulis kvleva-Ziebis wminda
mecnierul niadagze dafuZnebas uwyobda xels Tavisi saucxovo ga­
mocemebiT: mag: „saqarTvelos siZveleni“, „Zveli saqarTvelo“, „sax­
alxo poezia“ da sxva mravali.
am 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saistorio _ saetnografio sazogadoe­
bisadmi interesi da pativis cema Cven xalxis wlidan-wlobiT izrde­
boda. suyvela, visTvisac xel-misawvdeni da sayvareli iyo qarTuli
wigni da qarTuli kultura, didis Tu patarisa, mdidari Tu Raribi,
muSa Tu inteligenti, ganurCevlad gamoxatavda am sazogadoebisad­
mi ndobas raime iSviaTi yuradRebas Rirs da siZvelis, xelTnaweri­
sa Tu sxvagvari saistorio saetnografio sazogadoebam Cveni kul­
turis winaSe. man gza misca gaRviZebul Segnebas. Cven axlo warsulSi
roca Cveni kultura monobisa da dabeCavebis beWeds atarebda, sais­
torio-saetnografio sazogadoebis muzeumi da wignT-sacavi erTi
im iSviaT adgilTagani iyo saca Cveni kulturuli warsulis brwy­
invaleba dauCrdilavaT sCanda. iq Cven Tamamad SegveZlo Segveyvana
moyvare Tu mteri, Tavisiani Tu ucxo yoveli nivTi, mosiyvarule,
mzrunveli xeliT movlili da napatiebi iyo, raic mowmobda ara mx­
olod warsulis kulturas, awindeli qarTveli xalxis kulturul
miswrafebasac.

393
 es sazogadoeba, kerZo internacionaliT aRmocenebuli, _ Tav­
isi moRvaweobiT saxelmwifos, mTel ers emsaxureba. misi saWiroe­
bisaTvis gasaRebi Tanxa 120.160 m. awindeli fulis kursis kvaloba­
ze metis metad mciredaT unda CaiTvalos. etyoba TviTeuli groSi
awon-dawonilia da mTlad xarjT-aRricxva didis dazogviT aris Sed­
genili. saerTod es Tanxa erTi xeiriani gamocemisTvisac cota aris
dRes, viciT, rom muzeums hyavs mosamsaxureTa Stati, sazogadoebas
mravali xarji aqvs. sCans aRniSnuli Tanxa gamoTvlilia moucilebel
saWiroebaT dasakamayofileblad.
ganaTlebis komisia darwmunebulia, rom damfuZnebeli kreba
daubrkolebliv daadasturebs warmodgenil dekrets.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebels qiqoZes.
geronti qiqoZe. sabiujeto da safinanso komisia SesaZleblad da
saWirod sTvlis am 120.160 maneTis gadadebisa da sazogado moTxovn­
lebis dasakmayofileblad.
Tavmjdomare. zogadi msjelobis Sesaxeb sityva aravis surs? vin
aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavideT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT
waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
momxsenebeli SaraSiZis asuli. (kiTulobs muxlobriv. dekreti
muxlobriv miRebulia da gadaeca saredaqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. meore sakiTxi gaxlavT meore muxlobrivi ganxilva
kanon-proeqtisa samxedro mmarTvelobis mowyobis Sesaxeb. damswre
sazogadoebas vTxov dastovos darbazi, vinaidan daxurul karebSi
unda gairCes es kanon-proeqti. sityva ekuTvnis momxsenebels.
momxsenebeli simon mdivani. (kiTxulobs kanon-proeqts. daxurul
karebSi irCeva sakiTxi samxedro sammarTvelos mowyobis Sesaxeb da
kanon-proeqti SeiaraRebul ZalTa mowyobis Sesaxeb).
Tavmjdomare. rogor inebebT, sam saaTs xuTi wuTi aklia. sxdoma
gadidos Tu ara. maSasadame, sxdoma gagrZelebulia. Sedegi sakiTxi
gaxlavT muxlobrivi ganxilva kanon-proeqtisa centralur sastatis­
tiko komitetis daarsebisa.
sityva ekuTvnis b. fircxalaiSvils.
ilia fircxalaiSvili. (kiTxulobs debulebas).
Tavmjdomare. pirvel muxlSi gaxlavT Semotanili aseTi Seswore­
ba: sityvebi „respublikis mTavrobasTan“ Seicvalos sityvebad _ „re­
spublikis miwad-moqmedebis saministrosTan“. sityva ekuTvnis krebis
wevrs spiridon kedias.
spiridon kedia. (er.-dem.) es winadadeba, rom sastatistiko biuro
daarsdes miwad-moqmedebis saministrosTan. Cven kargad viciT, Tu ra
nairad aris datvirTuli saqmeebiT miwad-moqmedebis saministro. arc
erTi dargi, arc erTi saministros Tavis SinaarsiT, sirTuliT, da Ri­
rebulobiT am saministros ver Seedareba. amave dros am saministros
xelmZRvanelobis farglebSi xandaxan sxva saqmeebi Sedis da dRes ig­
ive pirovneba, ganagebs sxva dargebsac. da sazogadod es akkumiliacia,

394
es tendencia sxva da sxva funqciebis akkumiliaciisa, Zalian saxifaTo
saxes Rebulobs. da Cven vfiqrobT, rom miwad-moqmedebis saministro­
Si es mimarTuleba, es akkumiliacia Zalian cud Sedegs moitans. um­
Tavresi daniSnuleba am biurosi is aris, rom sazogadod Cven qveynis
sazogado mdgomareobis Sesaxeb miawodos yvelas visac es esaWiroeba,
mecnierulad damuSavebuli masala. am statistikur biuros saTaveSi,
maSasadame unda idges iseTi organo, romelic Tanabrad emsaxureba im
princips. mxolod Tu miwad-moqmedebis saministro daeqvemdebareba
am biuros, maSin cxadia, rom miwad-moqmedebis saministro am biuros
pirdapir Tavis saqmisTvis, Tavis miznebisTvis amuSavebs da iseT nai­
ri direqtivebs miscems, iseT mimarTulebas, romelic specialurad
mis mizans, mis saWiroebas emsaxureba. ase, rom qveynis saerTo saWiroe­
baze saTanado pasuxi ar eqneba gacemuli. es mosazreba iyo uTavresi,
romelmac komisiaSi gaitana bolos, da miwad-moqmedebis saministros
CamoarTva am statistikur biuros xelmZRvaneloba. Cven vfiqrobT,
rom es Sesworeba romelic Semotanili aris unda uaryofili iyos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs ciskaraSvils.
grigol ciskaraSvili. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno, baton kedias mosazre­
ba gaxlavT, rom Tu statistikuri biuro daarsda miwad-moqmedebis
saministrosTan, erTgvari qiSpoba Seiqneba ministrTa Soriso, gamo­
dis viTom miwad-moqmedebis saministros Selaxavs sxva saministroe­
bis interesebs. me mgonia, rom es ar aris swori. Cven unda vigulisxmoT,
Cven Zalian kargad viciT, rom yvela saparlamento saxelmwifoebSi,
yvela solidaruli kabineTi imas niSnavs, rom yoveli wevri Tavis
moqmedebas uqvemdebarebs saerTo mTavrobis xazs. maSasadame, ar Sei­
Zleba vigulisxmoT is, rasac gulisxmobs spiridon kedia.
meore sabuTi, Tu raT unda Sevides es biuro miwad-moqmedebis
saministroSi, SeiZleba moviyvanoT es praqtika, romelic dasavleT
evropaSi aris, da sazogadod ganaTlebul qveynebSi, Cven viciT, rom,
magaliTad, SveicariaSi da samxreT amerikaSi es statistikuri komite­
ti arsebobs calke saministrosTan Sromis saministrosTan, zogierT
SemTxvevaSi Sinagan-saqmeTa saministrosTan, me mgonia da namdviald ki
SemiZlian mogaxsenoT, Sromis saministrosTan. Cven SegviZlian es Cven
saqarTvelos cxovrebis piroebebSi, imitom, rom kargaT mogexsenebaT,
ragvari mniSvneloba aqvs am statistikur biuros sazogadoT da ker­
ZoT miwad-moqmedebis saministros agrarul reformebis gatarebisT­
vis, romelic damyarebulia, da romelic saWiroebs swored am statis­
tikur codnas. vinaidan aqnamdinac es komiteti arsebobs swored am
saministroSi da vinaidan texnikuri aparati ukve mowyobili gaxlaT,
maSasadame sruliad zedmeti gaxlavT calke aparatis gamoyofa da
misi calke daarseba. is mTavari agraruli reforma romelsac esaW­
iroeba statistikuri cnobebi da SemdegSi Cven davinaxavT saWirod,
es biuro daeqvemdebareba mTavrobas da sxva raime saministros.
Tavmjdomare. momxsenebelis azri.

395
 momxsenebeli fircxalaiSvili. im komisiebis azriT, romlis
saxeliT me vakeTeb moxsenebas, statistikuri komiteti unda arsebob­
des mTavrobasTan da ara romelime uwyebasTan. saxelmwifo statis­
tika _ did mniSvnelobis saqmea, da imis muSaoba, rom nayofieri iqnes,
is ar unda miekuTvnos erT romelime uwyebas, aramed unda iyos mTe­
li mTavrobis gankargulebaSi. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi statistikuri
komiteti nayofierad Seasrulebs Tvis davalebas. es aris sami komi­
siis azri.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri Sesworebas. Sesworeba miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (meore muxls kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. meore muxli miRebulia.
momxsenebeli. (mesame muxls kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. aq Sesworeba gaxlavT Semotanili „mTavrobis Tavm­
jdomaris magivraT“ iqnes sityva „mTavroba“.
momxsenebeli. amis winaaRmdegi ara var.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi? Sesworeba miRebulia. muxli
SesworebiT miRebulia. (me-3 muxli miRebulia).
momxsenebeli. (kiTxulobs me-5 muxls.)
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aseTi gaxlavT: me-5 muxlSi Seicvalos
sityvebi „mTavrobis Tavmjdomare Seicvalos sityvebiT miwad-moq­
medebis ministri“, momxsenebelis azri.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi var imave mosazrebiT, romelic
winad moviyvane.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris momxre am Sesworebisa. Sesworeba miRebulia.
(me-7-8 muxli kenWis yriT miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. Statebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs irem­
aSvils, rogorc momxsenebels.
iremaSvili. sabiujeto komisiam ganixila Statebi, da isini gaa­
dida. visac aTasi maneTi hqonda imas moumates 50%, visac aTas maneTze
meti hqonda imas moumates 40%, (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. xarjTaaRricxva miRebulia. debuleba saerTod
miRebuli gaxlavT. kanonproeqti centralur statistikur komite­
tis daarsebis miRebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. gTxovT
moisminoT winadadeba aseTi. radganac 3 saaTze meti gaxlavT ga­
daidos sxdoma SemdegisTvis. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs giorgaZes.
grigol giorgaZe. dRevandel wesrigSi or sakiTxis zogadi ganx­
ilva gaxlavs Zalian saWiro iqneboda, rom dResve zogadi msjeloba
gveqonia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. mxolod or kanonproeqtis zogadis
ganxilva gvaqvs.
Tavmjdomare. ase, rom winaaRmdegi brZandebiT. vin aris winaaR­
mdegi, rom sxdoma gagrZeldes. sxdoma grZeldeba. Semdegi sakiTxi gan­
xilva gzaTa departametis Statebis xarjTa-aRricxvis Sesaxeb.
ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! uwyebam warmoadgina axali Statebi,
es Statebi, aris Semoklebuli winandelTan SedarebiT, winad mTeli

396
sammarTvelo, romelic ganagebda rkinis gzas, Seicavda Zalian did
Statebs, saxeldobr as ormocda TxuTmet kacs. axali Statebi cota
aris, Seicavs sul 145 kacs erTi centraluri organo mmarTvelobi­
sa, romelic Sesdgeba erT departamentis direqtoridan da erT in­
speqtoridan. da Semdeg danarCenebi. meore, aris axla gasayvani rkinis
gzis ganyofileba, da es ganyofileba Seicavs (kiTxulobs), aseTi aris
Statebi. mTeli xarjT-aRricxva am Statebisa moiTxovs 52800 maneTs.
es aris sul Statebi kanon-proeqtisa.
Tavmjdomare. zogadi msjelobisaTvis sityva aravis ar surs. ms­
jeloba dasrulebulia. muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia d saTanado
vadis Semdeg. Semdegi sakiTxis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis qristine Sara­
SiZis asuls.
momxsenebeli SaraSiZis asuli. mimdinare wlis, ianvris 28-s par­
lamentma miiRo saostato seminariis droebiTi debuleba da daawesa
axali Stati.
droebiTi debulebisa da Statis dakanonebis Semdeg gamoirkva,
ramdenime defeqti am Statisa, romelic aucileblaT Sesworebas
moiTxovs. saWiroa dakanoneba damatebiTi Statisa seminariebisaT­
vis. damatebiTi StatSi aRiniSneba mexuTe Statis maswavlebeli da
agreTve xelgarjilobis maswavlebeli, vinaidan seminariis kursi xe­
lgarjilobas, rogorc saxalxo maswavleblisTvis umniSvnelovanes
sagans, sapatio adgili unda eWiros. saostato seminariis mkvidr
safuZvels Seadgens samagaliTo skola, sadac momavali saxalxo
maswavlebeli praqtikul gamocdilebas SeiZens. sanimuSo skolis
maswavlebels gansakuTrebiT pasuxsagebi da mZime movaleoba awevs.
iman cocxali magaliTis saSualebiT unda SeaTvisebinos seminariis
moswavleT, rogor unda swavleba, unda uCvenos maT saukeTeso ga­
kveTilebis nimuSebi, praqtiuli da, zogjer, Teoriuli xelmRvane­
loba unda gauwios gakveTilebis konspeqtebis Sedgenisa da texniku­
raT damuSavebis saqmeSi.
cxadia, sanimuSo skolis maswavlebeli saSualo skolis maswav­
lebelze maRla unda idges, rogorc momzadebiT, agreTve niWiT.
aq saukeTeso Zalebi unda iyridnen Tavs. amis gamo, saqmis interesi
da samarTlianobac moiTxovs, rom sanimuSo skolis maswavleblis
nivTieri mdgomarebis gaumjobesobis mizniTve aRniSnulia warmodge­
nil kanon-proeqtSi, rom sanimuSo skolis maswavlebels miecema 1800
maneTi wliurad klasis damrigeblobisTvis. kanon-proeqtTan darTu­
li Statis pirveli da meore SeniSvna Tamar mefis saxelobis qalTa
seminarias Seexeba. es saswavlebeli danarCen seminariebSi gansxvave­
bulia. gasuli wlis ivlisamde is kerZo sazogadoebis meoxebiT ar­
sebobda. Tavisi konstruqciiT da tipiT, is Taviseburia. programa am
saswavleblisa ufro vrcelia. amis da mixedviT damatebiTi StatSi
Setanilia ori SeniSvna, romelTa ZaliTac sagnebis maswavlebeli er­
TiT meti eyoleba am seminarias. garda amisa, rogorc qalTa seminar­

397
ias, erTi xelsaqmis maswavlebelic unda hyavdes. aseTi gaxlavT saer­
To Sinaarsi warmodgenili kanon-proeqtisa.
Tavmjdomare. zogadi msjeloba dasrulebulia. muxlobrivi gan­
xilva Tavis droze mogexsenebaT.
winadadeba gaxlavT, rom Semdegi sxdoma dainiSnos xval 11 saa­
Tze. vin aris winaaRmdegi? maSasadame, sxdoma daniSnulia xval, 11
saaTze. kreba daxuruli gaxlavT.
sxdoma Tavdeba 3 s. 45 wuTze.

398
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

ocdamecxramete sxdoma

1919 weli, samSabaTi, ivlisis 23. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris ufrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivnis amxanagi
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.
prezidiumSi arian:
konstantine jafariZe.
simon mdivani
grigol naTaZe.
kreba iwyeba 12 saaTze.
Tavmjdomare. kreba gaxsnili gaxlavT. gTxovT waikiTxoT dRiuri
wesrigi.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).

dRiuri wesrigi

1. dekreti _ tfilisis da quTaisis saadgil-mamulo bankebis wes­

debis Secvlisa.
2. dekreti _ soxum-axalsenakisa da gudauT-pilenkovis gza-tke­
cilebis, xidebis 1919 w. asagebad da SesakeTeblad damatebiT 857.996
man gadadebisa.
3. dekreti _ Savi qvis safuTo gadasaxadis gadidebis Sesaxeb.
4. dekreti _ WiaTuris Savi qvis mrewvelTa sabWosaTvis naxevari
milioni maneTis micmisa.
5. dekreti _ saxelmwifo universitetis axal Statebisa.
6. dekreti _ 150,000 man. gaRebisa inglisis misiis dasakmayofileb­
lad nataneb-baTomis rkinis gzis ubnis saeqsploatacio gadmocemi­
saTvis.

399
 7. dekreti _ Sina gadasaxlebis saqmis mosawyobad xuTi milioni
maneTis gadadebisa.
8. dekreti _ saqarTvelos wiTel jvris sazogadoebis sasarge­
blod rkinis gzis bileTebis dabegvrisa.
9. dekreti _ 100.000 man. gadadebisa, soxumis olqSi epidemiasTan
sabrZolvelad.
10. dekreti _ soc-dem. fraqciis mTavrobisadmi SekiTxva _ Wia­
Turis momrigebel mosamarTlis mier WiaTuris muSaTa deputatebis
sabWos wevris xaratiSvilis sasjelis gadawyvetis Sesaxeb.
Tavmjdomare. dRiuri wesrigi damtkicebulia. pirveli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis simon mdivans.
simon mdivani. (s.-f.) quTaisis da Tbilisis bankebi, rogorc mo­
gexsenebaT, iyo wodebrivi, magram maT hqondaT daniSnuleba agreTve
sazogadoebrivi. es bankebi iyo daarsebuli, rogorc Tqven iciT,
quTaisis da Tbilisis Tavadaznaurobis mier batonymobisagan ganTa­
visuflebis Semdeg, maT hqondaT Semosavali da am Semosavlidan iyo
Tanxa gadadebuli. Semdeg, rodesac wodeba gauqmda, maTi moqmedeba
dRemdis ar iyo gamorkveuli, vinaidan naxevari am bankis wevrebisa
iyvnen Tavadaznaurobis warmomadgenlebi, naxevari ki msesxelebi. da
rodesac es wodeba gauqmda naxevari patroni am bankisa aRar iyo. ase­
Ti uflebrivi mdgomareoba am bankisa gagrZelda am bolo xanamdis;
am bolo xans mTavrobam mianiWa gamgeobas da zedamxedvel komitets
ufleba sazogado yrilobisa. rodesac aseTi mdgomareoba Seiqmna,
maSin saSualeba mieca bankis mdgomareobisTvis mieqciaT yuradRe­
ba. Tqven iciT, rom jamagirebi metad gadidebulia, magram Semosava­
li bankisa iseTia, rogorc iyo omis dawyebamde. sargebeli amnairad,
raodenoba sxva da sxva gadasaxlebisa imdenia, ramdenic winad iyo,
xarki erTi-aTad gaizarda, da Tu ese gagrZeldeba mdgomareoba, es
bankebi ise gaqreba, rom SeiZleba merme maTi gamobrunebas verafer­
ma milionebma ver uSvelon. amitom mTavroba daeTanxma gamgeobas
da zedamxedvel komitets, rom sxva da sxva juris gadasaxadebi mo­
matebuli iyos. magaliTad, is daqiravebuli mamulebi, romelzedac
patroni Tavis vadaze ar Semoitanen sargebels, da Tanxis nawilze
ar Semoitanda savaWro gadasaxads; _ kanonis ZaliT amaze winad ax­
devinebdnen Tumans, magram es gadasaxadi jdeba ufro meti vinem Tu­
mani aris; maSasadame, banki am xarjs swevs Tavis salarodan. winad Tu­
mani yofnida da kidevac rCeboda banks, erTgvari gadasaxadi 3/4 %-i,
romelic Semosavalidan nawili bankis saTadarigo TanxaSi Sedioda,
nawili sxva da sxva sazogadoebriv saqmeze, exla es 3/4 %, rasakvirve­
lia, ar yofnis arc saTadarigo Tanxis Sesaqmnelad arc araviTar sxva
daniSnulebisTvis. mTeli rigi amgvar gadasaxadis ise Semcirebuli
aris, rom mTavrobas miaCnia saWirod, es gadasaxadi gadidebuli iqnes
imdenad, ramdenad Seefereba dRevandel yvela SemTxvevas. aseTia Si­

400
naarsi am dekretisa, rasakvirvelia, Sesaferi muxlebi am wesdebisa,
romelic arsebobs am bankSi unda Seicvalos amisdamixedviT. (kenWis
yriT muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs dekrets muxlobriv. dekreti muxlobriv
ganxilvis Semdeg miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. mTlad dekreti miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias. exla unda iyos _ merve sakiTxi, magram gancxadeba
aris social-demokratiul fraqciisa, rom es amoSlili iqnes dRiur
wesrigidan. Tu winaaRmdegi aravin aris amoSlilad CaiTvleba. Semde­
gi sakiTxi, momxsenebelia kalaZe.
kalaZe. (s.-d.) gzatkecilis olqis sammarTvelos mier gzebis sa­
fuZvlian SekeTebas uwyebiT (§10 muxli 1,) gamoTxovil 1919 wlis
xarjTaRricxvaSi Setanili iyo soxum-axalsenakis gzatkecilis Sesa­
keTeblad da dasamTavreblad sul 1.441.004 maneTi. magram 1919 wlis
xarjT-aRricxvis Sedgenis droidan, vidre dRevandlamde bevri ax­
ali samuSao aRmocenda, romelic ver iyo winaswar gaTvaliswinebu­
li, xarjT-aRricxvis Sedgenisas. am cota xanSi aucileblad SesakeTe­
belia agreTve gzatkecili gudauTidan sof. pilenkovamde da imaze
gasawevi xarji ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricx­
vaSi, vinaidan gudauTidan sof. pilenkovamde gzatkecili im dros ar
Sedioda gzatkecilebis sammarTvelos gamgeblobaSi; amgvar da sxva
gauTvaliswinebel garemoebas, Tu daumatebT muSa-xelis da samuSao
masalis, TiTqmis yovel dRiT gaZvirebas, maSin naTeli warmosadgeni
iqneba, Tu 1919 wlis xarjT-aRricxvis Sedgenis dros, ratom ar iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli da gamoTxovili yvela aRniSnul samuSaoTa Sesas­
ruleblad saWiro Tanxa.
yvela am samuSaoTa sisruleSi mosayvanad, da gzatkecilebis ise
mosawesrigeblad, rom SesaZlebeli Seiqnes, rogorc jaris gaday­
van-gadmoyvana da agreTve sursaTis mimotana, saWiroa ukve gamoTxo­
vil 1.442.000 maneTisa kidev 857.996 maneTi.
aRniSnuli gzatkecilebis dauyovnebliv SekeTeba aucilebelia,
maTi friad didi strategiuli mniSvnelobis gamo. amitom, gTxovT,
saTanado dadgenilebas, raTa gzaTa saministros gankargulebaSi ga­
daidvas soxum-axalsenak-gudauT-pilenkovis gzatkecilebis SesakeTe­
blad damatebiT ukve gamoTxovil 1.442.004 maneTisa _ kidev 857.996
maneTi da es ukanaskneli Tanxa saqmis interesebis gamo unda gatardes
dekretis saxiT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis b. WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe, safinanso komisiam ganixila es dekreti da miiRo
im saxiT, rogorc aris warmodgenili gzaTa komisiis mier.
Tavmjdomare. muxlobrivi ganxilva miRebulia. gTxovT waikiTx­
oT pirveli muxli.

401
 kalaZe. (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. aq gaxlavT warmodgenili nusxa. Tu, rom unda ga­
nixiloT 1918 w. nusxa, Tu inebebT xelaxlad wavikiTxoT. amtkicebT
Tu ara am nus­xas? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. nusxa damtkicebuli aris.
dekreti damtkicebulia da gadaecema saredaqcio komisias. Semdegi
sakiTxi, _ momxsenebelia iremaSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. (s.-d.) dekreti Seexeba Savi qvis safuTo ga­
dasaxadis gadidebas. saerTod Savi qvis warmoebas Zvelad didi mniS­
vneloba hqonda Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi. Savi qvis mrewvelTa sabWos
didi Rvawli miuZRvis, rogorc adgilobriv kulturul-ganmanaTleb­
el saqmeebSi; Savi qvis mrewvelTa sabWom adgilobriv moawyo mrava­
li skolebi, gaiyvana wyalsadeni, eleqtroniT ganaTeba, saavadmyo­
foebi, gzebi da sxva aseTi mravali kulturuli saqmeebi. agreTve es
mrewvelTa sabWo exmareboda Cven erovnul-kulturul dawesebule­
bebs, ganmanaTlebel dawesebulebebs, wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel
sazogadoebas, Teatrs, hqonda daniSnuli stipendiebi, romliTac xe­
lmokle qarTvel studentebs exmareboda da sxva. amnairad jer kidec
warsulSi Cveni qveynis cxovrebisTvis Savi qvis warmoebas saerTod
didi mniSvneloba hqonda. omis dawyebis dRidan Savi qvis warmoeba
SeCerda da is Semosavlis wyaroc, romliTac mrewvelTa sabWo inaxav­
da umTavresad yvela am kulturul dawesebulebas da Tavis texnikur
aparats. es Semosavali mas daekarga. es gadasaxadi gaxlavT safuTo ga­
dasaxadi, romelic sami kapeiki iyo omamdis. aseTma gasaWirma saerTod
daavaliana sabWo. marTalia nawili kulturul-ganmanaTlebel dawe­
sebulebebis, romelTac is inaxavda adgilobrivad, am Jamad gadaeca
erobas da WiaTuris qalaqis TviTmmarTvelobas, magram mis gankar­
gulebaSi darCa mravali dawesebulebebi, romelnic Senaxvas moiTx­
oven. garda amisa, mas mowyobili aqvs texnikuri aparati, romelic
xarjebs Txoulobs. mimdinare wels maTi xarji udris 160.000 maneTs.
misi davalianeba ki 4 1/2 milionze meti aris, aseTma mdgomareobam
mrewvelTa sabWo aiZula SuamdgomlobiT miemarTa mTavrobisTvis da
eTxovna, rom momavalSi, rodesac Savi qvis warmoeba daiwyeba, safuTo
gadasaxadi mrewvelTa sabWos sasargeblod gadidebuli iyos sami kap.
daaxlovebiT 20 kapeikamde. amis Taobaze man dasabuTebuli da vrce­
li moxseneba warudgina mTavrobas, romelSiac sxvaTaSoris sabWo ga­
mosTqvams im azrs, rom aseTi gadideba misTvis aucilebel saWiroebas
warmoadgens. es sami kapeiki, romelic aqamde iyo Sav qvaze, es TiTqmis
valebs moundeba da maSasadame mis gankargulebaSi araviTari Semo­
savali aRar iqneba. is texnikuri da kulturuli dawesebulebani, ro­
melnic maT gankargulebaSi arian, sruliad usaxsrod darCeba. garda
amisa mrewvelTa sabWos ganzraxuli aqvs saerTod texnikuri gaum­
jobesoba moaxdinos warmoebaSi da gadazidva ukeTesad moawyos. yve­
la amas winaswari muSaoba unda, yvela amas saerTod unda fuli, amisT­
vis yvelaferi am xarjis dasafaravad safuTo gadasaxadis momatebaa

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saWiro. Cveni WiaTuris mrewveloba texnikur gaumjobesebis mxriv Se­
darebiT braziliis da indoeTis Savi qvis warmoebasTan daqveiTebu­
li aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveni Savi qva gacilebiT ufro maRla
sdgas RirsebiT, vidre braziliis da indoeTis Savi qva; Cveni Savi qva
konkurencias ver uwevs brazilis da indoeTis Sav qvas. braziliis
da indoeTis warmoebas ukeTesi aparati aqvs mowyobili gadazidvi­
sa maRaroebidan zRvamde da amiT did konkurencias uweven Cveni Savi
qvis warmoebas. Cveni Savi qvis texnika, gadazidvis, ise dabla sdgas
SedarebiT imaTTan, rom konkurencias ver uwevs. garda amisa, am Jamad
wyaroebi WiaTuris raionSi bevrgan daSra, mcxovreblebi uwyloT
arian, da isini rasakvirvelia, moiTxoven sabWosagan, rom wyalsadeni
iqnes gayvanili. madnebSi Savi qvis gasarecxavadac wyalsadenis gay­
vana aris saWiro. rom wyalsadeni gaiyvanon, amisaTvis Cveni bonebiT
aris saWiro 10 milioni maneTi. mdinare yvirila talaxiandeba am Sav
qvis warmoebis gamo, da mis gawmenda aris saWiro, amisaTvis texnikuri
saSualebebi moiTxoven mis gasawmendaT 9 milions. ai yvela umTavresi
mosazrebani da debulebani, romelzedac isini amyareben Tavis moTx­
ovnilebas. mrewvelebi moiTxoven mTavrobisagan, rom mTavrobam neba
daurTos maT sami kapeiki gadidebuli iqnes 20 kapeikamde. mTavrobam
ganixila es Suamdgomloba saerTod da mrewvelTa sabWos daeTanxma,
rom es 3 kapeiki gadidebuli iqnes Sauramde. kontrolioris mosaz­
reba umTavresad eyrdnoboda imas, rom zedmeti Rirebuleba, zedme­
ti Semosavali, romelic Savi qvis warmoebidan Semova es saxelmwifos
gankargulebaSi unda gadvides. sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es saqme
dawvrilebiT da, sxvaTaSoris, daeTanxma finansTa ministrs.
finansTa ministris azri iyo is, rom marTlac yvela es texniku­
ri gaumjobeseba saWiro aris da SesaZlod dainaxa, rom 20 kapeikamde
gadidebuli iyos safuTo gadasaxadi. sabiujeto komisia, sxvaTaSo­
ris, fiqrobs, rom gaumjobesoba warmoebisa, es saxelmwifoebriv in­
teress warmoadgens, da ramdenadac saerTod warmoeba ukeTesad iqne­
ba dayenebuli, ramdenadac meti Savi qva damzaddeba da gaigzavneba
sazRvar-gared, imdenad saxelmwifos meti Semosavlis wyaro eqneba,
da maSasadame saxelmwifo da mTavroba dainteresebulni arian am war­
moebis gaumjobesobaSi, mis ukeTes pirobebSi CayenebaSi. amitomac
sabiujeto komisiam gamosTqva azri, rom mieces neba finansTa minis­
trs safuTo gadasaxadi aswios 20 kapeikamde, xolo ara umetes 20 kap.
magram rodesac saWiroeba moiTxovs, saWiro iqneba, mas SeuZlian 20
k. saerTod daswios. es minimumia, romelsac saqme moiTxovs. amisaTvis
komisia Suamdgomlobs damfuZnebel krebis winaSe, rom aseTi safuTo
gadasaxadis gadidebis Sesaxeb, neba mieces mrewvelTa sabWos, rom 20
kapeikamde aweuli iyos safuTo gadasaxadi.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) moqalaqeno! mogexsenebaT, rom did finan­
siur kriziss ganicdis Cveni respublika, mogexsenebaT agreTve isic,

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rom radikaluri saSualeba, rom am kriziss Tavi davaxwioT, aris
Cveni savaWro balansis gamosworeba. am mizniT Cveni mTavroba gan­
sakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs im saqonels, romlebsac savaliuto
xasiaTi aqvT. maT Soris pirveli adgili uWiravs WiaTuris Sav qvas.
amitom CvenTvis sul erTi ar aris Tu ra mdgomareobaSi iqneba Savi
qva da gansakuTrebiT, misi gazidvis saqme. mTavrobam am ukanasknel
xanebSi am marganecis gazidvis monopoliaze daiwyo laparaki. da me
mgonia kidec daadgina marganecis gazidvaze monopoliis gamocxade­
ba. maSasadame, mTavroba da Cvenc dainteresebuli unda viyoT imaSi,
rom ucxoeTSi didi gasavali hqondes marganecs. mis ucxoeTSi gata­
na da bazarze did gasavalis qoneba damokidebulia saerTod imaze,
Tu ra eRireba aq Cveni marganeci. im moxsenebaSi, romelic sabiuje­
to-safinanso komisiis sxdomaze gaakeTa Savi qvis mrewvelTa sabWos
warmomadgenelma b. Jurulma, xazi gausva erT garemoebas, saxeldobr
imas, rom winad WiaTuris Savi qva advilad uwevda metoqeobas indoe­
Tis da braziliis Sav qvas. pirveli imisTvis, rom RirsebiT WiaTur­
is Savi qva gacilebiT ukeTesia, vinem indoeTis da braziliis Savi
qva. meore imisTvis, rom indoeTis da braziliis Savi qvis maRaroe­
bi Zalian didi manZiliT arian daSorebuli zRvis napirebidan da
amis gamo zRvamde misatani fraxtic ufro meti dajdeba. WiaTuris
marganecis gazidva ki gacilebiT ufro iafi jdeboda. es iyo mTa­
vari mizani, rom WiaTuris marganeci advilad uwevda konkurencias
da metoqeobas indoeTis da braziliis Savi qvas msoflio bazarze.
magram am bolo dros texnika Savi qvis damuSavebisa Zalian gaum­
jobesda, rogorc indoeTSi ise brazialiaSi. is danaklisi, romel­
sac isini naxuloben manZilis siSoris gamo, iqneba anazRaurebuli am
texnikur gaumjobesobiT. aSkaraa, rom am pirobebSi Cveni marganeci,
Cveni Savi qva, miuxedavad imisa, rom RirsebiT ufro ukeTesi aris,
vinem braziliis da indoeTis Savi qva, mas mainc gauWirdeba metoqeo­
ba gauwios indoeTsa da brazilias. aSkara aris, rom am garemoebas
SeuZlian iqonios Zalian didi gavlena Cven marganeczed. Tu Cveni
marganecis fasi SedarebiT maRali iqneba, maSin eWvi ar aris, rom
Cven marganecis gatanas aravin moindomebs. radganac mas msoflio
bazarze maRali fasebis gamo gasavali ar eqneba. marganecis mrewv­
eloba Semcirdeba, radganac muStari da gamzidveli aRar eyoleba.
Tu amas miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, Cven unda vcdilobdeT, rom Savi qvis
dabegvra ar iyos iseTi didi, rom marganecis gatanas da gavrcele­
bas xeli SeuSalos. meore garemoebasac unda mivaqcioT yuradReba:
me mogaxseneT, rom mTavrobam daadgina monopolia gamoacxados Savi
qvis gadazidvaze. aq ar aris monopolia saerTo warmoebaze. aq aris
monopolia mxolod gazidvaze. aSkara aris, rom mTavroba im margan­
ecze, romelac aq miiRebs mwarmoeblidan, unda gadaixados marganec­
ze gaweuli xarjebi da misces cotaodeni mogebac, uamisod arc erTi
mwarmoebeli xels ar mohkidebs muSaobas da ar Seudgeba warmoebas.

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Tu Cven miviRebT 20 kapeikian safuTo gadasaxads, romelic safinanso
komisiis mier aris warmodgenili, aSkaraa, rom bolos da bolos es
20 k. fuTze unda gadaixados swored Cvenma respublikam, radganac
mas gaaqvs es marganeci ucxoeTSi. im cnobebiT, romelic Cven xelT
aris, WiaTuraSi axla aris damzadebuli 58 milioni fuTi marganeci.
maSasadame mTavroba gadaixdis 58 milionjer 20 kapeiks zedmets, rac
Seadgens 11.600.000 maneTs. ukeT rom vsTqvaT, mTavrobas eg margane­
ci daujdeba 11.600.000 maneTiT meti, vinem uamisoT daujdeboda, Tu
am begaras ar davadebdiT mas. magram arc is SeiZleba, rom mrewvel­
Ta sabWo sruliad usaxsrod davtovod, radgan mas mniSvneloba aqvs
mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis. Cemis azriT am sabWos usaWiroe­
si xarjebis dasafaravad sakmarisi iqneba fuTze 8 kapeikis dadeba,
amaze meti ki SeuZlebelia zemo moyvanili mosazrebis TanaxmaT.
me soc.-demokratiuli fraqciis saxeliT winadadeba Semomaqvs,
uaryofil iqnas sabiujeto-safinanso komisiis winadadeba 20 kapeiki­
an safuTo gadasaxadis dakanonebis Sesaxeb da mis magivrad dawesebul
iqnes 8 kapeikiani safuTo gadasaxadi.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi gadavideT
muxlobriv ganxilvaze. winaaRmdegi aravin aris. gadavdivarT mux­
lobriv ganxilvaze? gTxovT waikiTxoT pirveli muxli (momxsenebeli
kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. social-demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs Seswore­
ba: „20 kap.“ magivrad iyos „8 kapeiki“.
(Sesworeba, pirveli muxli da mTlad dekreti muxlobriv kenWis
yriT miRebuli aris.)
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT dekreti WiaTuris Savi
qvis mrewvelTa sabWosaTvis naxevari milionis maneTis sesxad micemi­
sa, momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri iremaSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. am dekrets safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaSi
saerTod didi dava ar gamouwvevia, imisTvis, rom man miiRo ra mxedve­
lobaSi da gaiTvaliswina, rom am Jamad sabWo metis met Seviwroebul
da gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSia, miiRo saxeSi sxvaTa Soris is, rom
yovelTvis sxva da sxva saxelmwifoebSi mTavroba umTavresad mrewve­
lobis ganviTarebisTvis, mrewvelobis ganmtkicebisTvis saWiro sub­
sidiebs aZlevs, exmareba yovelnairad imitom, rom es mis sasicocxlo
interesss warmoadgens, miT umetes Cveni Savi qvis mrewvelobas Cven
saxelmwifosTvis gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs da amisTvis
TiTqmis ukamaTod erTxmad daadgina da miiRo, rom mieces erTi mili­
oni maneTi.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdegi, rom gadavi­
deT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? winaaRmdegi aravin ar aris. gadavdivarT
muxlobriv ganxilvaze.
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias.

405
 Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: dekreti _ saxelmwifo
uni­versitetis axali Statisa. momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri
leo naTaZe.
leo naTaZe. (s.-d.) universitetis axali Statebi faqtiurad ukve
gatarebuli aris, gatarebuli aris imiT, rom Cven kreditebi gaux­
seniT sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi. maSasadame, Tumca winad universitetis
profesorebi Rebuloben... (Tavmjdomare: ukacravad, cota xma maR­
la) universitetis profesorebi, romelnic winad Rebulobdnen 900
maneTs, ivlisidan ukve Rebuloben 1800 maneTs jamagirs. am winamde­
bare dekretis mizani aris, rom es dekreti wina droze gavrceldes
e.i. ianvridan dawyobili 900 maneTi hqondaT daniSnuli profesorebs.
ukve SarSan, arsebobda nacionaluri sabWo, erovnuli sabWo, mas
aqeT sruliad araferi ar momatebiaT da im dros, rodesac saSualo
skolebis maswavlebelni mets Rebulobdnen, imave dros profesorebi
mxolod 900 maneTs Rebulobdnen jamagirs. es metis metad mcire jama­
giri aris da amitom universitetis profesorTa korporacia iZule­
buli iyo Tavis saxsridan zogierT profesorebisTvis miematebina da
daexarja is Tanxa, romelic hqonda universitets Tavis gankarguleb­
vaSi. universitets, rogorc avtonomiur organizacias amis ufleba
aqvs. aseT Tavisufal Tanxidan, romelic mas hqonda, cotaodeni daex­
arja. am dekretis mizani aris, maSasadame, rom es ukve daxarjuli
Tanxa saxelmwifom aunazRuros. amrigad im profesorebs miecemaT,
romlebsac am specialur Tanxidan ar miuRia damatebis saxiT. TviT
kanon-proeqtis teqsti amnairia: (kiTxulobs) ganaTlebis komisiam
daadgina, rom damatebis saxiT meore da mesame muxlis Sua Caematos
Semdegi muxli: „gavrceldes saxelmwifo universitetis pirad Semad­
genlobaze“. am damatebis daniSnulebac Semdegia. 1800 maneTi exla am
pirobebSi, romelic Seiqmna, Cven dros, metis metad mcirea da aRiZra
iseTi azri, rom saWiro aris am jamagirebis momateba, radganac yov­
el dawesebulebaSi nel-nela diddeba jamagiri da Tu ianvris dros
Seefereboda (900 maneTi) profesorebs, am Jamad es Zalian mcirea.
radganac xarjT-aRricxvis wesiT am kanonis gatareba metad Zneli
iqneba da radganac Cven sazogadod xarjT-arRicxvis ganxilvis dros
am sakiTxis winaSe gavCerdebiT da ueWvelad Cven moumatebT profe­
sorebs, imisTvis, rom exlave moumatoT es jamagirebi. amitom Cven
gvinda profesorebze exlave gavavrceloT is kanoni, romelic 50%-
s umatebs, kategoriebze aris dayofili. zogierTi saxelmwifo mo­
samsaxures meti moemata, zogierTs 50% ufro naklebi. profesorebs
ufro naklebi moematebaT. imaT moematebaT mxolod 400 maneTamde. ise,
rom maisidan isini Tviurad iReben 1800 maneTis adgilas 2200 maneTs.
maTi jamagiri, maSasadame, iqneba exla 2200 maneTi. ganzraxuli aris
momavalSi, rom sakiTxi ise iqneba dayenebuli, rom imaTi jamagiri ga­
didebuli iqnes 3000 maneTamdi. magram am kanon-proeqtis miRebamdis,
jer-jerobiT kargi iqneba, rom profesorebma 2200 maneTi miiRin Tve­

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Si. ganaTlebis komisiis saxeliT gTxovT, rom es damatebiT Setanil
iyos am kanon-proeqtSi mesame muxlad. maSasadame, am dekretSi sul
oTxi muxli iqneba. es muxli aseTia „dekreti Sedis ZalaSi dRidan misi
miRebisa damfuZnebel krebis mier“. es iqneba meoTxe muxli.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis meore momxsenebels krebis wevrs
baton WavWaniZes.
ivane WavWaniZe. safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es dekreti
da miiRo ise, rogorc warmoadgina ganaTlebis komisiis momxsenebelma.
Tavmjdomare. aq darTuli gaxlavT Statebi.
momxsenebeli. es moxseneba, romelic saxelmwifo universitetis
pirad SemadgenlobisTvis unda iyos gaRebuli, es, me mgonia, swyvets
sakiTxs im siis mixedviT, romelic Setanilia saerTod xarjT-aRric­
xvaSi pirad Semadgenlobisa, rac aris amisda mixedviT.
Tavmjdomare. maSasadame, es aRar iqneba, es pirad Semadgenlobaze
gavrceldeba.
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT dekreti 150.000 maneTis
gaRebisa _ inglisis misiis dasakmayofileblad, nataneb-baTumis rki­
nis gzis ubnis saeqsploatacio gadmocemisTvis. momxsenebli gaxlavT
krebis wevri batoni WavWaniZe.
WavWaniZe. mimdinare wlis 6 aprils, saqarTvelos respublikis
mTavrobis da inglisis sardlobis Soris daido xelSekruleba. am xe­
lSkrulobis ZaliT rkinis gzis liandagi dawyobili natanebidan ba­
Tumamdis gadmovida saeqsploatacioT Cveni respublikis mTavrobis
xelSi. ai swored am saeqsplotacio gadmocemul gzisTvis, naxseneb xe­
lSekrulobis meSvide muxlis ZaliT, yovel Tviurad inglisis sard­
lobas unda eZlios 100.000 maneTi. sadguri baTumi jer kidev ingli­
sis sardlobis gankargulebaSia. amitom sadguris SekeTeba da sxva
xarjebi garda pirad Semadgenlobisa, inglisis sardlobas ekisreba.
am xarjebis asanazRaureblaT Cven unda vaZlioT inglisis sardlobas
yovel Tviurad 100.000 maneTi. es gza gadmovida Cvens xelSi 15 apr­
ilidan. gzaTa uwyeba Txoulobs, rom mas gaexsnas 150.000 man. kredi­
ti, raTa mas SeeZlos daakamyofilos inglisis sardloba 1 ivlisamde.
danarCeni Tveebis xarji, mogexsenebaT, gaRebuli qneba saerTod xar­
jT-aRricxvis wesiT. es xarji pirvel ivlisidan xarjT-aRricxvaSi
ukve aris Setanili.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? vin aris winaaRmdeg, rom gadavi­
deT muxlobriv ganxilvaze? winaaRmdegi aravin aris. gadavdivarT
muxlobriv ganxilvazed.
(dekreti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris).
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT, dekreti Sina gadasaxlebis saqmis mo­
sawyobad 5 milioni maneTis gadadebisa. momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis
wevri iremaSvili.

407
 iremaSvili. Sina gadasaxadebis mosawesrigeblad saWiro aris 5
milioni maneTis gadadeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom miwis reforma ga­
tarda, miwis simSils Cveni qveyana mainc ganicdis iseT adgilebSi, sa­
dac mcxovreblebi mWidroT arian dasaxlebulni. aseT adgilebs war­
moadgens magaliTd raWa, Sorapnis mazra, quTaisis mazra, saerTod
dasavleTi saqarTvelo, Semdeg goris mTa-goriani adgilebi, mTiule­
Ti, xevsureTi, duSeTis mazris CrdiloeTi nawili, Telavis mazris
nawili da sxva. am adgilebidan jer ZvelaTve iyrebodnen umiwawyloT
darCenili glex-kacebi da eZiebdnen miwas ucxo qveyanaSi. raWidan
Zvelad ramdenime 100 komli gadasaxlda CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, ala­
girSi. dRidan revoliuciis dawyobisa, aseTi adgilebidan zedmeti
mcxovreblebi, umiwawyloT darCenilni, iyrebian Tavis adgilebidan
da midian iseT adgilebSi, sadac Tavisufali miwa moipoveba. iq sCex­
en tyeebs da adgilobriv mkvidr mcxovreblebis mxriv ukmayofile­
bas iwveven. ai aseT usistemo da uwesrigo gadasaxlebas yuradReba
miaqcia miwad-moqmedebis saministrom da daaarsa gadasaxlebis naw­
ili, romelic xelmZRvanelobas uwevs am gadasaxlebis saqmes. SarSan
saministros mimarTa 300-400 komlamde gadasaxlebis msurvelma, rom­
lebic moiTxovdnen saerTod miwis gamoZebnas da dasaxlebas. magram
miwad-moqmedebis saministrom SesZlo mxolod 120 komli daesaxlebi­
na lagodexis da yaraiazis raionSi. welsac grZeldeba aseTi muSaoba.
im adgilebSi, sadac Tavisufali miwa moipoveba, gagzavnilni arian
miwis mzomelebi da isini gansazRvrul normiT unawileben am miwas ga­
dasaxlebulT. magram amisTvis saministros ara aqvs fuli, ar moepove­
ba amisTvis saSualeba; is fuli, romelic mTavrobam gadasdo alagi­
ridan gadmosaxlebul qarTvelTa dasaxlebisaTvis, _ es iyo... maneTi,
_ mas ukve daexarja da amnairad Cven vdgevarT iseT pirobebis winaSe,
rodesac saministro sruliad uZluria, rom raime saerTo wesi Seita­
nos am saqmeSi. am Jamad saministroSi Semodis mravali Txovna gadasax­
lebis Sesaxeb da Txouloben Tavisufal miwa-wyals gadasaxlebisTvis,
magram saministros ar ZaluZs saerTod daakmayofilos maTi moTxov­
nileba. 3000 ojaxi aris saerTod msurveli, romelic moiTxovs aseT
gadasaxlebas. Tavisufali miwa moiZebneba axalcixis da axalqalaq­
is mazraSi, lagodexis da yaraiazis raionebSi da sxvagan. amitom am
saqmis mosawesrigeblad saministrom mTavrobis winaSe aRZra Suamd­
gomloba, rom 10 milioni maneTi gadadebuli iyos am saqmis mosawesri­
geblad. mTavrobam es Tanxa gaanaxevra da gadasdo mxolod 5 milioni
maneTi. safinanso-sabiujeto komisiam ganixila saerTod es dekreti
da gamosTqva Semdegi mosazreba: saerTod Sina gadasaxlebis saqmes
aqvs didi ekonomiuri da imave dros politikuri mniSvneloba. ekono­
miuri mniSvneloba aqvs imitom, rom ramdenadac zedmeti mcxovrebi,
sadac mWidrod arian dasaxlebulni, gadasaxldebian sxva adgilebSi,
daikaveben Tavisufal adgilebs da iq daaarseben met sameurneo er­
Teulebs da amiT ramdenadac sameurneo erTeulebi gamravldeba Cven

408
respublikaSi, miT imatebs saerTo saxalxo simdidre da es saxelmwifo
interesisTvis, rasakvirvelia, ukeTesia. garda amisa, am gadasaxlebis
saqmes politikuri mniSvneloba aqvs. Tavisufal adgilebis daWera,
ganapira adgilebis dasaxleba da amiT maTi gamagreba, Cveni saxelmwi­
fos politikur miznebisTvis did interess warmoadgens. amitom man
warmosTva iseTi mosazreba, rom mTavrobas daevalos axlo momavalSi
Seadginos erTgvari gegma am gadasaxlebisa.
leo Sengelaia. (s.-r.) moqalaqeno, damfuZnebel krebis wevrno!
amas wined Cven miviReT kanoni 300 milioni bonebis gamocemis Sesax­
eb. eqspedicias es bonebi jer ar daumzadebia, magram es Tanxa TiTqmis
amowurula. yovel saministros, yovel uwyebas Tavis movaleobaT mi­
aCnia am Tanxis nawils xeli daadvas, ama Tu im dekretis saSualebiT
daibeos igi da ai, Cvenc vxedavT TovliviT scviva es dekretebi, biTu­
mad Rebulobs maT damfuZnebeli kreba. xSirad uwyebebs arc ki miaCnia
saWirod Seasrulon elementaruli movaleoba sakanonmdeblo orga­
nos winaSe: waradginon gaweuli xarjebis gasamarTlebeli sabuTe­
bi, dekretebs xSirad metad simpatiuri da mimzidveli saxeli hqvia:
anarqiasTan brZola, brZola spekuliaciasTan, epidemiasTan brZola,
daxmareba ama da am kuTxes da sxva. aseTi aris dekretebis Cveulebrivi
daniSnuleba. erTis SexedviT rogor unda iyos adamiani aseTi dan­
iSnulebisaTvis Tanxis gadadebis winaaRmdeg? gana Cveni movaleoba
ar aris SevebrZoloT anarqias, epidemias?! magram, magari is aris, rom
lamazi saTaurebi erTia, xolo saqme sul sxvaa, maT Soris aris didi
zRvari, rogorc ityvian es Tanxebi ar xmardeba Tavis pirdapir dan­
iSnulebas, aramed iflangeba ukontrolod. yovel moxeles Tvalebi
iqiTken uWiravs, rom saxelmwifos rame waaglijos, xazina gaqurdos.
aseT pirobebSi Cven unda viyoT metad frTxilad, rodesac romelime
saministros, uwyebas fulebs vaZlevT, am SemTxevaSi ar kmara, rom
dekrets lamazi saTauri hqondes. saWiroa garantia imisa, rom lamaz
saTaurs lamazi saqme moyveba. gvaqvs ki es am SemTxvevaSi?!
b. miwad-moqmedebis ministri Sina gadasaxlebisTvis 5 milions
moiTxovs, rogorc sCans, is axal saqmes iwyebs. aSkaraaa, Cven gvaqvs
sruli ufleba vikiTxoT, rogor moagvara man is saqmeebi, romlebic
mas Cabarebuli hqonda? ra gaakeTa miwad-moqmedebis saministrom?!
aris Tu ara imedi, rom fuli kidevac, rom gaviRoT is axal saqmes
moagvarebs da imedebs gaamarTlebs?!
miwis reformis pirveli safexuri, rogorc mogexsenebaT, aris mi­
webis konfiskacia. maTi miReba yvelam icis, rom CvenSi CamosarTmevi
miwebi SedarebiT cotaa da, warmoidgineT, miwad-moqmedebis saminis­
tro imdenaT uilajo gamodga, rom miwis mimReb komisiebs dRemdis
ar daumTavrebiaT miwebis miReba. TiTqmis arc erT mazraSi miwebis
miReba gaTavebuli ar aris. 28 ianvars parlamentma miiRo kanoni, rom­
lis ZaliT saxnav-saTesi miwebi unda gaiyidos. maSin Cven didis rixiT
gvimtkicebden: miwebs gavyidiT, didZali fuli Semogviva, is gaaum­

409
jobesebs Cvens finansiur mdgomareobaso. gveubnebodnen: aRebuli
fuliT gavaSrobT tbebs, gaviyvanT arxebs, movagvarebT melioraciis
saqmeso da sxva. yovelive es zRapari gamodga da am wyarodan erTi ka­
peikic ar Semosula. amnairad, miwebis miReba ar gaTavebula. gayidva
ar dawyebula. Cven ar viciT fondSi ramdeni miwa dagvrCeba da aseT
pirobebSi gadasaxlebaze laparakic SeuZlebelia. rogorc mogexsen­
ebaT, Cven gvaqvs 2 milioni desetina tye, es udidesi simdidrea, mis
eqspluatacia, rom iyos racionalurad dayenebuli, es tye iqneboda
Cveni saxelmwifo Semosavlis udidesi wyaro, axla ki am tyeebidan im­
denic ar Semodis, rom darajTa ricxvi gaamravlon da tye ganadgure­
bas gadaarCinon!
Cveni kulturuli mamulebi da samagaliTo meurneobani sruliad
ganadgurebulia. yvelam icis borjomisa da kojris mamulebis bedi:
im mraval xelSekrulebebSi, romlebic saministros aqvs dadebuli
sxva da sxva pirebTan, dawesebulebebTan _ b. ministri ver daasaxelebs
erTsac, romelic respublikisaTvis savsebiT misaRebi iyos, ar iyos
sazaralo.
metsac vityvi, CvenSi, rom arsebobdes piruTvneli sasamarTlo,
an namdvili kontroli, is ministri, romelmac Cveni saukeTeso mamu­
lebi spekuliantebs Caugdo xelSi, unda ijdes damnaSavis skamze da
ara ministris savarZelze! amnairad Tqven xedavT, batonebo, rom es
aris ara miwad-moqmedebis saministro, aramed Tu gnebavT is aris mi­
wis damqcevi saministro. aseT saministros aramc Tu 5 milions, Cven 5
kapeiksac ver mivcemT!
Tedo Rlonti. (s.-f.) moqalaqeno!, arc erTi sakiTxis Sesaxeb, ro­
gorc presaSi, ise sazogadoebaSi, agreTve damfuZnebel krebaSi aseTi
mcire sja baasi ar gamouwvevia da ar iwvevs, rogorc Sin da gareT ga­
dasaxlebis sakiTxs. me ki vfiqrob, rom yvelasTvis udavo WeSmarite­
bas unda Seadgendes gadawyveta sakiTxisa, romelic mWidrod daka­
vSirebuli aris saqarTvelos socialur, politikur, kulturul,
ekonomiur sicocxlesTan. Tu ramdenad am sakiTxis ganxilvaSi, war­
modgenaSi, saqarTveloSi... (ar ismis) damaxasiaTeblad SeiZleba CavT­
valoT pativcemuli leo Sengelaias sityva.
damfuZnebeli krebis wevrma Sengelaiam es didi sakiTxi gamoi­
yena, rogorc kritika miwad-moqmedebis saministrosi da Sinagan
saqmeTa uwyebisa, magram Tavis Tavad Tu ras warmoadgens es sakiTxi,
rogor unda Sexedos politikurma moRvawem, saqarTvelos politi­
kur miznisTvis ra mniSvneloba eqneba am sakiTxs, rogor unda daamza­
dos niadagi, rom es reforma gaataros ra saministrosac evaleba am
niadagis damzadeba, amis Sesaxeb b. Sengelaias krintic ar dauZravs.
maSasadame, verc erTi politikuri moRvawe am sityviT ver isarge­
blebs da dadebiTad ver ixelmZRvanelebs. magram me Tu vambob ori­
ode Cem mosazrebas am sakiTxis Sesaxeb, imitom, rom sarCulad amas
udevs wminda erovnuli politikuri motivi. CvenTvis gasagebi aris,

410
rom am sakiTxis mogvarebas xels hkidebs Sinagan saqmeTa saministro.
ruseTSi, sadac am sakiTxs did saxeli hqonda da auarebeli, mravali
milioni xarjebi. es saqme ebara miwad-moqmedebis ministrs, mis xelis
ufals krivoSeins, magram arasodes Tavisi yuradReba ar mouklia
stolipins. stolipini umTavresi xelmZRvaneli iyo, ise, rom mTeli
mTavroba, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, miwad-moqmedebis saministro
erTsulovnad moqmedebdnen da saerTo saqmes asrulebdnen am sakiTx­
Si. gvaqvs Tu ara aseTive saerTo erovnuli mizani da gegma am sakiTx­
is garCevaSi, gansakuTrebul dros? me vambob, rom Cven gvaqvs, aiReT,
magaliTad, Cveni kuTxeebi saqarTvelos periferiebisa. unda vsTqvaT,
rom saqarTvelos dRevandeli krizisi, politikuri krizisi, rome­
lic CvenSi xSirad xdeba, Cven periferiebze mWidrod damokidebuli
da dakavSirebuli aris im dasaxlebul pirebTan. ruseTma SesZlo
Cveni periferiebis umTavresi adgilebi daesaxlebina Tavis modgmis
xalxebiT. me-18 da me-19 saukunis pirvel periodSi, ruseTma daasax­
la ganapira adgilebi umTavresad somxebiT, Semdeg sxva da sxva ju­
ris rusebiT, germanelebiT da sxvebiT. ruseTis mTavroba ganapira
adgilebs asaxlebda iseT elementebiT, romelic ruseTis mesveure­
bis SexedulebiT, warmoadgendnen erTgvar saxelmwifoebriv simtki­
cis faqtorebs. Tqven mogexsenebaT 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis
namuSavarma ra pirobebSi Cagvagdo: aiReT Tu gnebavT soxumis olqi,
aiReT borCalos mazra, yvela es sxva da sxva gamosvlebi, sxvaTaSo­
ris, swored nayofi aris im biurokratiul mTavrobis Semoqmedebi­
sa, romelmac am Cven ganapira adgilebSi daasaxla iseTi elementebi,
romlebsac arc erovnuli ram esmiT da arc esmiT riT unda iyos dac­
uli saxelmwifoebrivi erovnuli interesebi.
ai, aseT elementebiT iyo dasaxlebuli saqarTvelos ganapira
adgilebi. (Sengelaia: ras uSvrebiT mere maT?) is rac biurokratiam
Tavisi miznisTvis Seasrula, es mizani saqarTvelos respublikam
unda aRmofxvras, Caflas, es aris umTavresi debuleba. Tu gvinda
erovnul-demokratiuli saxelmwifo, damoukidebeli saxelmwifos ar­
seboba, (Sengelaia: saSualeba!) SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris erovnul
imperializmis gansaxiereba, magram, me unda giTxraT erovnuli impe­
rializmi iqneba es Tu erovnuli socializmi, _ Cven gvesmis erovnuli
saxelmwifos konstitucia, mTliani erovnuli organizaciis Seqmna da
maSin, rodesac Cven viqnebiT am procesSi, rodesc Cven gvinda SevqmnaT
erovnuli saxelmwifo, maSin me ar vici, sad iwyeba imperializmi da
sad Tavdeba demokratizmi. imperializmi, am sityvis namdvil mniSvn­
elobiT, maSin iqneba, rodesac didi erovnuli saxelmwifo Seiqmneba
da TiTon daiwyebs sxvisi teritoriis aWrelebas da TavdasxmiT poli­
tikas awarmoebs sxva saxelmwifoTa mimarT. da rodesac Cven gvinda
wavSaloT eTnografiuli ruqa xelovnurad mowyvetili, xelovnurad
daSorebuli adgilebi deda ers da Tavis deda saxelmwifos Seuer­
Tod am procesSi, erovnul evolucionur procesSi, mcneba imperial­

411
izmi SeiZleba mxolod warmoiSvas gulubryvilo kosmopolitis Tav­
Si da ara saR saxelmwifoebriv erovnul moRvawis azrovnebaSi.
amitom Cven vmbobT, Tu Cven gvinda arsebobdes saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublika da Tu Cven gvinda, rom gadavideT mud­
miv jaridan miliciis sistemaze, ese igi, Tu Cven gvinda demokratiis
atributebi gavamagroT, Cven saxelmwifoSi unda SevqmnaT aseTi obi­
eqturi elementebi am miznis gansamtkiceblad. magram me Tqven giTx­
ariT da vimeoreb, rom borCalos mazraSi iqneba, Tu iqneba es soWis
olqSi, Tu sxvagan, _ vidre Cveni saxelmwifos teritoriaze, aseT
ganapira adgilebze aseTi droebiTi mosaxleebi iqnebian, romelnic
dainteresebulni arian saxelmwifoebriv darRvevaSi, aseTi mdgo­
mareoba iarsebebs, vidre am mdgomareobas Cven ar movspobT, amitom
vambob _ Cven unda vawarmooT iseTi politika gadasaxlebisa, romel­
ic Cven teritoriaze eTnografiul mTlianobas Seqmnis, da me minda
xazi gausva imas, rom es azri ara marto damfuZnebel krebis mier iyos
gaziarebuli, es azri iyos qarTuli presis, qarTul sazogadoebisa
da Seiqmnas sazogado es azri imisTvis, rom Cven gvinda periferieb­
ze qarTul provinciebSi nacionalizacia gavataroT, da ara marto
dawesebulebebSi. Cven gvinda mTeli mxris nacionalizacia, rom es mx­
ris nacionalizacia utyuari sabuTia Cveni damoukideblobisa, maSin
mxolod roca am azrs miecema farTo sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba, ma­
Sin gaigebs sazogadoeba da mTavrobac, rom am politikas mxolod ese
unda gadaWra. maSin me darwmunebuli var, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro
10 milions bevrad ar miiCnevda da Tanxas ar gaanaxevrebda.
me ki mimaCnia samarTlianad, rom am uwyebis gankargulebaSi micemu­
li Tanxa am didi saqmis mogvarebisTvis ar iyos ganaxevrebuli. rasak­
virvelia, Tu am sakiTxs ese farToT SevxedavT, es 10 milioniani fon­
di mcire aris, Cven unda SevqmnaT sqarTvelos erovnuli saxelmwifo,
saqarTvelos mTlianoba Cven teritoriaze, rac ar unda gviRirdes
es, vinaidan Cveni simtkice aris ara marto tfilisSi da quTaisSi, Cve­
ni saxelmwifoebrivi simtkice ganizomeba periferiebze. kargi iqneba
is oratori, romelsac es azri miaCnia saxelmwifos damamrRvevel az­
rad, vinaidan leo Sengelaias sityva yoveli saxelmwifos aRmSeneb­
lobis mosazrebas iRebs safuZvlad, _ kargi iqneba, rom mogviyvandes
iseT saxelmwifoebriv praqtikas, demokratiuli iqneba is Tu ara
demokratiuli, romelic ase ar wyvetdes saxelmwifoebriv sakiTx­
ebs, romelic Tavis teritoriaze sxvanairad azrovnobdes. batonebo,
gansxvaveba Cvens Soris da sxva saxelmwofoebTa Soris is aris, rom
isini sxvis mTlian saxelmwifos aWrelebdnen da arTulebdnen, Cven ki
arc varTulebT da arc vaWrelebT, Cven vqmniT saqarTvelos erovnul
saxelmwifos, uerTebT istoriul teritorias periferiebTan. ruseT­
ma aaWrela periferiebi, germaniam aaWrela Tavis periferiebi, dahyo
poloneTi, magram Cven aseT politikas ar vawarmoebT, Cven gvinda aR­
vadginoT Cveni istoriuli kultura im teritoriaze, romelic aris

412
udavo qarTuli teritoria, amaSi gvinda gatareba nacionalizaciis
principisa, es aris gaqarTveleba, es aris Cveni umTavresi erovnuli
politikuri ganzraxva, da me mesmis, rodesac Cveni politikuri mes­
veurni scdiloben am saqmes xeli CasWidon. rodesac Cveni politiku­
ri mesveurni am saqmes mtkiceT xels CasWideben, mtkiced gaatareben am
muSaobas, Cveni partia xels Seuwyobs, rom es azri farTo masaSi iyos
gasagebi da popularuli. (gvazava: veSapeli yofila!).
grigol giorgaZe. (s.-d.) aq cota gaugebroba iyo. zogi lapa­
rakobs, rom es fuli unda gadaeces Sinagan-saqmeTa saministros. es
fuli unda gadaeces miwad-moqmedebis saministros, imitom, rom mi­
wad-moqmedebis saministrom icis sad ra mdgomareoba aris am mxriv,
sad aris ufro Seviwrovebuli xalxi miwiT, amitom miwad-moqmedebis
saministros xelSi aris yoveli es cnobebi da imis procesSi, Tu ra­
modenad es cnobebi irkveva, Tu ramodeni fondi sada aqvs miwad-moq­
medebis saministros amis damixedviT anxorcielebs Sina gadasaxlebis
erTgvar gegmas. batonebo, ra gaqvT Tqven sawinaaRmdego am azrisa,
gamobrZandiT da sTqviT? ra gaqvT sawinaaRmdego, rom iq sadac xalxi
Seviwrovebulia, iq sadac meore mazraSi adgilebi Tavisufalia, sa­
dac SesaZlebeli aris ekonomiuri cxovrebis ufro ganviTareba, ra
gaqvT sawinaaRmdego imisa, rom mTavrobam xeli Seuwyos imas, rom am
siviwroves uSvelos da meore adgilas gadaasaxlos, sadac ekonomi­
urad ufro ganviTardeba, amis winaaRmdeg vis ra aqvs?
Tqven kerZoT daayeneT sakiTxi, kerZod miwad-moqmedebis saminis­
tro Turme yvelafers aqcevs, iq aTasgvari boroteba xdeba, amitom
rogor SeiZleba imas mivceT fulio. batonebo, Tqven kargad mogex­
senebaT, rom gvyavs saxelmwifos kontroliori, Tqven mier arCeuli,
saxelmwifos kontroliors hyavs organoebi, Tqven faqtiurad iciT,
rom saxelmwifos kontrolori axdens sxva da sxva revizias, sxva da
sxva kontrols. (Sengelaia: araferi gamodis!) sanam damfuZnebel
krebisTvis saxelmwifo kontroliors ar mouxsenebia, rom am da im
dawesebulebaSi borot-moqmedeba xdeba (Sengelaia: ver gabedavs!) ma­
nam, sanam Tqven faqts ar uCvenebT, _ sad ra borot-moqmedeba aris da
ara quCaSi mokrebil Worebs aq gamoitanT, es Tqveni sityvebi haerSi
hkidia, rac ar aris sakadrisi. Tu raime borot-moqmedeba aris Cad­
enili, brZaneT, mogviyvaneT magaliTi konkretiulad ra borot-mo­
qmedeba Caidina? (Sengelaia: xelSekrulebebi naxeT!) batonebo, es
xelSekrulebebi saministroSi aris; mibrZandiT saministroSi da
gadaxedeT am xelSekrulebebs, gaicaniT arsebobs marTla borot-mo­
qmedeba Tu ara, merme Tqveni azri warmosTqviT aq, Torem ase zereled
laparaki piradad Tqven prestiJs scems, prestiJs scems im fraqci­
isa, romeli ese zereled sityvebs laparakobs, rac ar Seesabameba
damfuZnebeli krebis wevris Rirsebas da Tqven mdgomareobas. gulax­
dilaT unda mogaxsenoT, rom miwad-moqmedebis saministrom daiwyo
marTlac didi reformis cxovrebaSi gatareba, da arc erT saminis­

413
tros ar aumxedrebia zogierTebi ise, rogorc miwad-moqmedebis
saministros. miwis reforma didi reforma aris, aseT pirobebSi,
rodesac SeudgebiT raime did gegmis ganxorcielebas nuravis nu
egoneba, rom es SesaZlebeli iyos 2-3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi aseTi didi
reformis ganxorcieleba. am did reformas didi saSualebani, didi
SesaZlebloba unda. Tqven brZaneT, miwebi ratom ar gaiyidao, es mi­
webis gayidva marto zRpari ariso. ara, batonebo, es zRapari ar aris.
im biujetSi, romelic warmodgenili aris, pirvel furcelze
sweria, rom saministro varaudobs, miwebis gayidvidgan Semosavals
ramdenime aTeul milions. Tqven, rom brZaneT ratom 2-3 Tvis ganmav­
lobaSi es ar mouxdeniaT, Tqven, rom iyoT amgvar mdgomareobaSi, me
darwmunebuli var verc Tqven SesZlebdiT 2-3 TveSi am reformis cx­
ovrebaSi gatarebas. Zalian advili aris zerele kritikiT gamosvla.
yovelive is, rac aq batonma Sengelaiam brZana, es aris quCaSi Sekre­
bili xmebi. ai, Tu ki raime aseTi cnobebi aqvs Sengelaias borot-moq­
medebis Sesaxeb, is valdebuli aris sTqvas aq, magram mas faqtebi ar
aqvs, WorebiT gamodis tribunaze, rac dauSvebelia.
al. asaTiani. (er.-dem.) Sinauri kolonizaciis sakiTxi friad mniS­
vnelovani sakiTxi aris Cveni qveynisaTvis, da miwa-moqmedebis samin­
istros muSaoba am mxriv didi yuradRebis Rirsia. saqme mxolod ima­
Sia, Tu ramdenad momzadebuli iqneba miwad-moqmedebis saministro
da ramdenad garkveuli gegmiT da winaswar SemuSavebuli sistemiT
awarmoebs am saqmes. Cven gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT
am Sinaur kolonizaciis sakiTxs, vinaidan Cveni periferiebi Zalian
aWrelebuli aris. gansakuTrebiT, ukanasknel saukuneSi metad Sem­
cirda, xelovnur saSualebiT, qarTuli mosaxleoba Cven sanapiro adg­
ilebSi. da is rac xelovnurad, ZaldatanebiT moxda, Cven SegviZlian
ara ZaldatanebiT, aramed normaluri wesiT da saxelmwifoebrivi
saSualebiT gamovasworoT. bunebrivi gziT unda gavamagroT qarTu­
li mosaxleoba iq, sadac qarTuli kultura, qarTuli saxelmwifoe­
brioba yvaoda mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi. (Sengelaia: Rlontmac
sTqva!) diax, Rlontma sTqva da ara marto Rlontma, aramed yvelam es
unda vsTqvaT. miwad-moqmedebis saministro saxelmwifos yovel naw­
ilSi daxmarebas unda poulobdes imdenad, ramdenad muSaoba misi
iqneba mtkice da garkveuli. sazogadoT es saqme saxelmwifos araso­
des ar unda aviwydebodes _ da am agrarul reformis moxdenis dros
Cven mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT. samwuxarod,
roca agraruli reforma isaxeboda, ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli Tu ra
Sedegebi mohyveboda am saqmis gatarebas. Tu dRes miwad-moqmedebis
saministro xels hkidebs kolonizaciis saqmes, kargi iqneboda, rom
mas Tavidan aecilebina is uaryofiTi Sedegebi, romelnic mohyvebod­
nen am reformas. zogierTs ganapira kuTxeebSi es Sedegebi SeiZleba
friad saxifaTo Seiqnes Cveni erisTvis, aviRoT borCalo, javaxeTi,
afxazeTi, _ iq saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi kultura mtkiceT

414
idga mravals saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi. magram Tqven iciT, rom war­
sul saukunis ganmavlobaSi Cveni mdgomareoba iq friad Sesustda da
Cven TiTqmis savsebiT davkargeT es kuTxeebi. magram miuxedavad imisa,
rom Cveni Zala eTniuri da kulturuli Zlier Sesustda, qonebrivad,
ekonomiurad jer-jerobiT Cven SenarCunebuli gvaqvs Cveni pozicie­
bi. axalqalaqisa da borCalos mazris didi nawili dRemde qarTveli
eris kuTvnilebas Seadgens. magaliTad, javaxeTSi, sadac susti aris
eTniurad qarTvelebis mosaxleoba, 168,000 desetina meurneobisT­
vis gamosadegi miwa-tye aris. aqedan 90,000 desetina aris saxelmwifo
miwa. Zvel mTavrobis mier saxelmwifos miwad, rogorc mogexsenebaT,
cnobili iyo is miwebi, romelnic ekuTvnoda qarTul eklesias da Cven
Zvels mefis saxlobas, mefis ojaxobas.
es miwebi Seadgens TiTqmis 55%, axal qalaqis mazraSi. amas unda
miematos qarTvel Tavad-aznaurobis miwebi, daaxlovebiT 10.000 des.
da saerTod yoveli es miwa Seadgens 60%-ts. maSasadame, miuxedavad
imisa, rom eTniurad Cven aq Zlier Sesustebulni varT, ekonomiurad
es mazra qarTvelis eris srul kuTvnilebas Seadgens. rodesac am
mazrebis Sesaxeb, Cven gvixdeba vismesTan dava, es garemoeba CvenTvis
didi sabuTia. samwuxarod, Cveni socialisturi mTavroba aseTs Cvens
uflebas, miwaze sakuTrebidan gamomdinares, jerovan mniSvnelobas
ar aniWebs, Torem Tu Cven sakuTrebas da simdidres mivaniWebT im mniS­
vnelobas, im interes, romelic mas aqvs yovel saxelmwifoSi, da yov­
el xalxSi, maSin Cven, am mxriv, didi sabuTebi da uZlieresi sabuTebi
gveqneboda. es mazrebi ara marto Cveni kulturuli akvani aris, da
Cveni eris, Cveni saxelmwifos ganuyofeli nawili, aramed is ekonomi­
uri kuTvnileba aris qarTveli erisa, aseve borCalos mazrac. bor­
Calos mazraSi saxelmwifo miwa, ese igi Cveni eklesiis miwa da qarTul
dinastiis miwa da agreTve qarTvel Tavad-aznaurobis miwa Seadgens
75% yvela gamosadeg miwebisa, maSasadame am mazris 75% Cveni udavo
sakuTrebaa. amas miumateT am mazris CvenTan kulturuli da ekonomiu­
ri dakavSireba da dainaxavT, Tu ramdenaT uryevelia Cveni ufleba am
mazraze. magram Cven iseTi kanonebi arasodes ar unda miviRoT, iseTi
politika ar unda vawarmovoT, romelic am uflebas da am interess
dagvikargavs an Segvimcirebs. ukeTu erTgvari Sesworebebi da cvl­
ilebebi ar SevitaneT Cvens agraruls kanonmdeblobaSi, Cven Segvi­
Zlian mTlad davkargoT is uflebebi, romelnic SegvrCenia am ganapi­
ra kuTxeebSi mraval omisa, darbevisa da mTeli saukunis xelovnuri
politikis gamo, da ai ratom: Cveni kanoni ambobs, rom yvela yofili
saxelmwifo miwa da normis zeviT kerZo mflobelobis miwa gadavides
saxelmwifos miwis fondSi da amis Semdgom, yoveli mcxovrebeli erT­
nair uflebebiT aris aRWurvili am miwebis Sesaxeb. Tu Cven aseTnai­
ri politika vawarmoeT, SeiZleba is miwa borCalos da axalqalaqis
mazraSi, romelic wminda qarTuli kuTvnileba aris, ramdenime wlis
ganmavlobaSi, sul advilad gadavides im elementebis xelSi, romel­

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nic xelovnurad da ZaladobiT arian dasaxlebulni Cvens qveyanaSi.
Cven, rasakvirvelia, ar moviTxovT, rom miRebuli iqmnes saxelmwifoe­
briv cxovrebaSi miuRebeli ZaldatanebiTi zomebi, rom gandevnili
iqnes is xalxni, romelnic xelovnurad gadmosaxlebulni arian. Cven
vfiqrobT, rom Segvwevs Zala, rom bunebriv gziT, normaluri metoqe­
obis saSualebiT davibrunoT is pozicia, romelic Cven gvekava da
amitom am ZaldatanebiTi zomebis miReba saWiro ar aris. magram Cven
amasTanave saWirod vsTvliT, rom rac Cven SevinarCuneT, ase sumbuqi
xeliT ar unda gadavceT ucxo elementebs. Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom ese
advilad moxdeba ukeTu ise Tavisuflad gaiyida is miwa, rogorc es
ganzraxuli aqvs Cven kanons. Tu es miwebi Tavisuflad, ganurCevlad,
gaiyida, am miwis mosaxleebi arian ucxoelebi, da isinive gaxdebian
misi sruli mepatroneni. amis Semdeg am kuTxis mosaxleni iqnebian ucx­
oelebi da miwis sakuTrebac maTi iqneba. Seiqmneba iseTi mdgomareoba,
rodesac am kuTxeebSi Cveni Zalaufleba kidev ufro Sesustebuli da
Semcirebuli iqneba. da amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqceva
aris saWiro, rom saministrom Caibara ra is didi mamulebi, wminda qa­
rTuli miwebi, saxelmwifo da kerZo mesakuTreebisa, ise gamoiyenos,
iseTi politika awarmovos, rom es, am Jamad, wminda qarTuli miwebi
da sakuTreba ar dakargos da ucxo elementebis xelSi ar Caagdos. am­
itom saWiro aris sakolonizacio gegmis SemuSaveba. me vambob, rom
miwad-moqmedebis saministrom aqac Tu orginaloba daiwyo, da iseTi
nabijebi gadadga, romelic arsad ar aris gamocdili, Cven am miwebs
advilad davkargavT. me gamovsTqvam survils da imeds, rom miwad-mo­
qmedebis saministro am sakiTxSi mainc gauwevs angariSs sxva qveynebis
magaliTebs; _ am SemTxvevaSi evropis magaliTi, Tu gnebavT germaniisa,
Tu sxva saxelmwifos magaliTebi, Zlieri da sayuradRebo aris. da am
wesiT da am sistemiT awarmoebs sakolonizacio politikas, rogorc
amas awarmoebden sxva dawinaurebuls qveynebSi.
aseTive mdgomareoba aris, SeiZleba iTqvas, afxazeTSi, sadac
TiTqmis mTeli sakuTreba ekuTvnis afxazobas, romelic saqarTvelos
ganuyrel nawils Seadgens. magram Tu Cven aseT politikas vawarmoebT,
iseT sumbuq da... (ar ismis) SeiZleba es sakuTreba gadvides osmale­
Tidan gadmoxvewil somxebis da sxva xalxis xelSi. amitom aqac saWiro
aris, rom is sakuTreba, romelsac Cven vTvliT Cven saxelmwifoebriv
erTeulebis sakuTrebaT, rom es sakuTreba ar dagvekargos da ar ga­
davides ucxoelebis xelSi da im reformam, romelsac aseTi imediT
SevyurebT, sargeblobis magivrad ziani ar moutanos Cven saxelmwi­
foebriv arsebobas. me vamtkiceb, rom krediti am SemTxvevaSi ar unda
dauxuroT, xeli ar unda SeuSaloT da daxmareba gauwioT. magram
amasTanave una gavafrTxilod miwad-moqmedebis saministro, rom ase­
Ti udidesi erovnul mniSvnelobis sakiTxSi araviTari Tavis viwro
partiuli politikas ar awarmoebdes da angariSi gauwios im mdidar
magaliTebs, romlebsac gvaZleven evropiuli saxelmwifoebi.

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 Tavmjdomare. hsurs kidev visme sityva Tu ara? msurveli aravin
aris. momxseneblis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. es sakiTxi iseTi naTeli da aSkara aris, rom amis Ses­
axeb dava social-rvoliucioneris warmomadgenelisa zedmeti iyo.
gadasaxlebis msurveli aris 400 glex-kaci Tavisi col-SviliT, ro­
melnic miiswrafebian Tavisufal adgilebisaken. imave dros b. Senge­
laia gamodis da eubneba, gaCerdiT, saxelmwifoebriv socialisturi
interesi moiTxovs imas, rom umiwawylod darCes. aseTi mdgomareobis
da aseTi azris dacva sruliad ar niSnavs araviTar saxelmwifoebriv
moRvaweobas da amrCevlebsac ar dauvalebiaT es b. SengelaiasaTvis,
im glex-kacebs, romelnic iZieben dasaxlebis adgilebs. kanon-proeqti
aSkara da naTeli aris. miwa Tavisufalia, msurvelebi gadasaxlebi­
sa arian da imaT gza unda mieces. saxelmwifo movale aris gza misces
amisTana gadasaxlebulebs. sul raRac 5 milioni, romelic 1 wveTs
warmoadgens. _ amis winaaRmdeg gamolaSqreba sruliad zedmetad mi­
maCnia. (dekreti muxlobriv kenWi yriT miRebulia).
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT: dekreti _ saqarTvelos
wiTel jvris sazogadoebis sasargeblod rkinis gzis bileTebis
dabegvrisa. momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wevri WavWaniZe.
ivane WavWaniZe. moqalaqeno! winad aq moqmedobda ruseTis wiTe­
li jvari. mis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos damoukidebloba gamocxadda,
saWiro Seiqmna sakuTari wiTel jvris daarseba. is kidec gaCnda,
daarsda saqarTvelos wiTeli jvari. am wiTel jvris sazogadoe­
bas gadaeca is qoneba, romelic hqonda yofil ruseTis wiTel jvris
sazogadoebas. sazogadoeba Seudga Tavis movaleobis asrulebas.
iman gaxsna bevr adgilebSi lazareTebi, saavadmyofoebi. magram am
saqmeebisTvis saWiro iyo Tanxa. pirvel xanebSi am sazogadoebas
daexmara mTavroba, magram es daxmareba imdenad mcire iyo, rom miT
SeuZlebeli iyo saqmis warmoeba. sazogadoebam daadgina, is qoneba,
romelic mas darCa da romelic misTvis zedmetad miaCnda gaeyidna
da amiT daekmayofilebina Tavisi moTxovnileba, am aRebul fuliT
daekmayofilebina Tavisi moTxovnileba. magram am gayidvas sazRvari
unda hqondes. SeuZlebelia yvelaferi gaeyidos da SeiZleba gasay­
idic araferi darCes. SeuZlebelia gayidva iseT saWiro masalebisa,
romelic dRes ar iSoveba da wiTel jvrisTvis ki saWiroebas war­
moadgens. aseTi masalebi Zalian saWiro misTvis aRar iqneba. saWiro
iyo, rom wiTeli jvris sazogadoeba Sesdgomoda droze saSualebis
gamoZebnas. aseT saSualebaT wiTel jvris sazogadoebas miaCnia
dabegvra rkinis gzis samgzavro bileTebisa wiTel jvris sasarge­
blod. saTanado kanon-proeqti SuadgomlobasTan erTad am sazoga­
doebam warmoudgina mTavrobas. es kanon-proeqti ganxiluli iqna
finansiur saministros mier, agreTve kontrolioris mier, Semdeg
ganixila mTavrobam, mTavroba daeTanxma wiTel jvris sazogadoebas
da daadgina, rom wiTel jvris sasargeblod dabegvrili yofiliyo

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bileTebi Semdeg nairad: pirvel klasis bileTebs daedeba wiTel
jvris sasargeblod 1 maneTi da 50 kap. meore klasis bileTebs 75 kap.
mesame klasis 25 kap. es kanon-proeqti bolos da bolos warmodgeni­
li iyo safinanso-sabiujeto komisiaSi. safinanso-sabiujeto komi­
siam moismina ra mosazreba, rogorc mTavrobisa ise wiTel jvris
warmomadgenlisa, daeTanxma mas da miiRo es dekreti. (dekreti mux­
lobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris.)
Tavmjdomare. Semdegi sakiTxis momxsenebeli gaxlavT krebis wev­
ri iremaSvili.
ioseb iremaSvili. dekreti Seexeba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros
gankargulebaSi 100.000 man kreditis gaRebas soxumis olqSi gadamdeb
avaTmyofobasTan sabrZolvelad. rodesac soxumis olqi Cvenma jarma
da gvardiam gaswminda denikinis bandebisagan, iq darCa saavadmyofo,
sadac 400 meti avadmyofi partaxian tifiT iyo avaT. aqedan partaxiani
tifi moedo mTel soxumis olqs, afxazeTs da xalxi safrTxeSi Cavar­
da. maSin egreTwodebulma afxazeTis saxalxo janmrTelobis komis­
arma eq. lorTqifaniZem depeSiT mimarTa gansakuTrebul rwmunebuls
TbilisSi eqim gopaZes da dauyovnebliv moiTxova 200.000 man. gaegza­
vna epidemiasTan sabrZolvelad. magram gansakuTrebul rwmunebuls
gopaZes am dros ar aRmouCnda saSualeba, mas ar SeeZlo daekmayo­
filebia es moTxovnileba da Sinagan-saqmeTa saministrom aRZra Sua­
mdgomloba mTavrobis winaSe 200.000 man. gadadebisa. mTavrobam es
gaanaxevra da neba darTo mxolod 100.000 man. kreditis gaxsnisa. sa­
finanso-sabiujeto komisiam ganixila es proeqti, sxvaTaSoris, da
saWiroT dainaxa man, rom es aRniSnuli 100.000 man. gadadebuliyo
imisTvis, rom marTlac iq iseTi pirobebi aris am Jamad, rom eroba ax­
lad aris mowyobili, erobas sakuTari saxsari ar gaaCnia sasanitaro
nawilis mowyobisTvis da mTavroba unda daexmaros partaxian senTan
sabrZolvelad. amitom komisiam saWirod dainaxa, rom Suamdgomloba
miRebul iqnes.
Tavmjdomare. vis surs sityva? aravis. gTxovT, waikiTxoT mux­
lobriv.
iremaSvili. (kiTxulobs muxlobriv).
Tavmjdomare. dekreti muxlobriv miRebulia da gadaecema sare­
daqcio komisias.
soc. dem. fraqciis mier gaxlavT Semotanili SekiTxva mTavro­
bisadmi. gTxovT SekiTxvis teqsti waikiTxoT.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs).
Tavmjdomare. SekiTxvis Sesaxeb winadadeba gaxlavT Semotani­
li, SekiTxva moixsnas da moiTxovs mTeli saqmis warmoeba sasamarT­
loSi. xels awers krebis wevri baraTaSvili. meore winadadeba aris,
vinaidan krebaSi ar aris, (kedia: kvorumi didi xania ar ari!) gTxovT
gamoarkvios aris kvorumi Tu ara. kvorumi gaxlavs. sityva ekuTvnis
iusticiis ministrs.

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 iusticiis ministri e. p. gegeWkori. moqalaqeno! SekiTxva Seex­
eba iseT sagans, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba metad faqizad unda
moepyras. kiTxva sdgas metad seriozulad da amisTvis me ar maqvs ufle­
ba dRes, rodesac saqmes arsebiTad ar vicnob, raime Cemi ganmarteba
warmovadgino. me amis saSualeba ar maqvs. amisTvis me moviTxov, rom
es kiTxva dRes moxsnili iqnes. me ukve gamoviwvie TviT mosamarTle da
saqmes arsebiTad gavicnob da Semdeg mxolod meqneba saSualeba aseTi
Tu iseTi ganmarteba movaxseno damfuZnebel krebas. amitom moviTxov
es SekiTxva moxsnili iyos.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n.-d.) me Zalian gamakvirva b. ministris gancxade­
bam. sCans, rom im SekiTxvam, romelic aris Semotanili, romlis sagani
aris Cveni yuradRebis miqceva, ukve miaxwia Tavis mizans. me gakvirve­
buli var b. ministris gancxadebiT, imitom, rom am SekiTxvas aqvs erTi
mizani, romelic sCans TiTon SekiTxvidan, rom CaiTrios mTavroba
iseT sferoSi, sadac mTavrobas ar aqvs ufleba Caerios, _ sasamarT­
los sferoSi. es aris sakonstitucio sakiTxi. Tu Cven vamzadebT
konstitucias, Tu Cven vaarsebT saxelmwifos, da es ubralo princi­
pi savaldebuloa yvelgan da yovelTvis, raki aris damoukidebeli
sasamarTlo, Tu es yvelaferi marTalia, rasakvirvelia, me gakvirve­
buli var, rom ministrma aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa. me gamoviwvie, mo­
viTxove saqmeo. raSia saqme, ra neba hqonda ministrs, rodesac saqme
sasamarTloSi aris, sasamarTlo arCevs, garCeulia mxolod pirvel
instanciaSi, meoreSe unda gadavides, meoreT unda ganixilos, mere
sakasacio instancia aris? miuxedavad amisa ministri brZanebas aZlevs
saqme warmoadginon. ra aris es? cxadia, es aris Careva mTavrobis sa­
samarTlos saqmeSi. jer erTi Tavdapirvelad erovnul protests
vacxadeb amisTana moqmedebis winaaRmdeg, mTavrobis moqmedebis wi­
naaRmdeg, es yovlad miuRebelia. rac Seexeba TiTon SekiTxvas, rasak­
virvelia esec yovlad miuRebelia. me makvirvebs, rom umravlesobis
partias, romelic aris gamge, romlis xelSi aris marTva-gamgeoba Cven
saxelmwifosi, aseTi SekiTxva Semoaqvs. aq naTqvami aris, aq pirdapir
aris iseTi fraza, aviRoT es fraza: icis Tu ara mTavrobam? batonebo,
vin giTxraT, rom mTavroba valdebulia icodes yvela saqme, romel­
sac arCevs sasamarTlo. saidan amoikiTxeT es, sad naxeT? saqarTvelos
sasamarTloSi gairCeva ara nakleb naxevari milionis saqme, milionis
saqme, Cemis azriT vambob, imitom, rom vici, magaliTad mesame ganyo­
filebis mosamarTles 25,000 saqme aqvs. es erT momrigebel mosamar­
Tles. amisdamixedviT viangariSebT, naxevar milions saqme mainc iqne­
ba. gana ministri valdebulia icodes yvela saqme, romelic gaarCia
momrigebel mosamarTlem. vin giTxraT es? maSasadame, SekiTxvis pir­
vel xazaT yovlad miuRebelia _ iyos „icis Tu ara mTavrobam“. me mego­
na b. gegeWkori gamovidoda da gamoacxadebda, araferi ar vici da arc
valdebuli var, rom vicode yvelaferio. _ es sakmarisi iqneboda. min­

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istrs vekiTxebiT maSin, roca darRveuli aris ZiriTadi kanoni, ad­
ministracia Caeria, ukanonoba moaxdines, ukanonoT daiWires vinme,
magram TiTon saqmis warmoebaSi sasamarTlos sferoSi yovlad mi­
uRebelia, rom Caerios mTavroba. maSin, rogor gindaT sasamarTlo,
sad aris es sasamarTlo Tu b. ministri daibarebs saqmes, daibarebs
mosamarTles, etyvis, daemuqreba gagagdebo, sad iqneba samarTali. es
yovlad miuRebelia. warmoudgenelia amisTana wesi.
Semdeg, iqve SekiTxvaSi aris _ ras apirebs mTavroba, ra RonisZie­
ba unda miiRos. maSasadame, Tqven ambobT, umravlesobis partia, ra
ggoniaT Tqven, Tqven pirdapir eZaxiT mTavrobas Caerios sasamarTlos
sferoSi. gana es SesaZlebelia? rasakvirvelia, Tqven xarT baton-pa­
troni, Tqven xarT umravlesoba, Tqven SegiZlianT yvelaferi daadgi­
noT, magram nu daarRvevT iseT princips, romelic anabanaa yvelasTvis,
yovel saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebaSi. (giorgaZe: mogaxsenebT, mogaxsen­
ebT amaze!) Tqven ra unda momaxsenoT, rodesac ukve dawvrilebiT aris
Setanili yvela Tqveni debulebani, Tqven gaanviTarebT imas, rac aq
aris, axals verafers ver ityviT. aq moyvanilia aseTi sakiTxi, rom,
viRacas, gvari ar maxsovs...
Tavmjdomare. ukacravad, me kiTxva unda davsva formalurad. aq
aris Semotanili SekiTxva, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom amisTvis jer
mzad ar aris. neba aqvs, rom Semdeg amas pasuxi gasces, amisTvis me
vkiTxav SemkiTxvelebs. icaven isini siswrafes Tu ara. es ar iqneba,
_ formalurad SekiTxva moxsnili iqneba. kidev davekiTxebi mxolod
imas, _ saswrafo aris es SekiTxva Tu ara? mTavroba gascems pasuxs Sem­
deg da im kanoniT, romelic ekuTvnis mTavrobas, mTavrobas neba aqvs
SemdegSi gasces pasuxi. jer es unda gadaswydes.
gvazava. maSin arsebiTad ar Sevexebi.
Tavmjdomare. gTxovT imis Sesaxeb _ miRebuli iqneba Tu gadadebuli.
gvazava. Cemis azriT ar aris misaRebi es SekiTxva.
Tavmjdomare. SemkiTxvelebis azri rogori iqneba, saswrafo aris
es SekiTxva Tu ara?
s. jafariZe. social-demokratiul fraqcias araferi sawinaaRm­
dego ara aqvs, rom SekiTxvis ganxilva gadidos manam, sanam iusticiis
ministrs SeZleba eqneba masalebi da cnobebi daagrovos am saqmis Ses­
axeb da Semdeg Tavis ganmarteba moaxsenos damfuZnebel krebas. (gvaza­
va: rogor daagrovebs?) rac Seexeba gvazavas gancxadebas, _ iusticiis
ministrs ufleba ara aqvs gamoiTxovoso _ es usafuZvlo aris.
Tavmjdomare. es arsebiTad aris. sityva ekuTvnis iusticiis min­
istrs.
iusticiis ministri gegeWkori. unda mogaxsenoT, rom b. gvazava
ukve Seexo, arsebiTad, SekiTxvas da TiTqmis yvela is, rac mas saTqme­
li hqonda sTqva, (gvazava: ara, batono, me bevri maqvs saTqmeli!) me amas
sruliad ar movelodi, radganac es aris Tqveni nakazis darRveva, da
yovelnair Semecnebis darRveva, radganac winaswar sakiTxi idga da

420
sanam amas TviT gvazava da damfuZnebeli kreba misive monawileobiT
ar gadaswyvetda, iqamdisin arsebiTad ar unda Sexeboda. rac Seexeba
Cem uflebas da im protests, romelic am Cem nabijis mimarT iyo ga­
mocxadebuli b. gvazavas mier, me unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cem uflebas
ar gadavcilebulvar sruliad. me maqvs, rogorc iusticiis ministrs
ufleba saerTo zedamxedvelobisa am sferoSi. am dRevandel pirobeb­
Si sruliad ar vici, Tu ra moxda WiaTuraSi am saqmis irgvliv, Sei­
Zleba aq moxda swored is, ramac ase aRaSfoTa b. gvazava, ese igi ad­
ministraciis, an sxva romelime organos Careva sasamarTlos sferoSi.
SesaZlebelia, rodesac saqmis viTarebas me gavicnob, masTan erTad
aRvSfoTdebi da aseTi Cemi aRSfoTebiT Tqven winaSe warvsdgebi, Ses­
aZlebelia sxva rames hqondes adgili, me piradad, arsebiTad unda ga­
vecno im masalas, romelic warmodgenilia da aRniSnuli SekiTxvaSi.
me arafers ar vicnob, araferi ar vici, Tavis-Tavad cxadia, aseT mdgo­
mareobaSi me ar mivcemdi Cem Tavs uflebas gamovsuliyavi da arsebiT­
ad SekiTxvaze pasuxi mimeca. es iqneboda Tavdapirvelad damfuZnebel
krebis damdableba, da agreTve iusticiis saministros da mis warmo­
madgenelis Rirsebis damdableba. arc erTi da arc meore Cem mova­
leobas ar Seadgens, me es ar miqnia, ris winaaRmdeg acxadebs b. gvazava
aseT protests. (gvazava: amisTana SekiTxvisa!) Cemi ufleba sruliad
kanonieria, es SekiTxva jer-jerobiT arsebiTad ar damdgara, rode­
sac mova jeri maSin vnaxavT, rogori iqneba Cemi Sexeduloba da ro­
gori iqneba Tqveni Sexeduleba. yovel SemTxevaSi, Cem mier gadadgmul
nabijs sawinaaRmdego araferi hqonda, me maqvs es ufleba, radganac
me vqeni is, risic me kanoniT maqvs ufleba, agreTve rasac moiTxovs,
da ufleba aqvs moiTxovos Cemgan dafuZnebul krebam da am SemkiTx­
velebma. Cem uflebas ar gadavcilebulvar. neba miboZeT is protesti,
romelic gamoacxada b. gvazavam ukve daubruno.
Tavmjdomare. es SekiTxva moxsnili gaxlavT. vinaidgan dRis wes­
rigi amowurulia krebas vxurav.
sxdoma Tavdeba naSuadRevis 2 saaTsa da 48 w.

421
 saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli kreba
(stenografiuli angariSi)

meormoce sxdoma

1919 weli, paraskevi, ivlisis 25. tfilisi. sasaxle.

Tavmjdomareobs damfuZnebel krebis Tavmjdomaris umfrosi am­

xanagi
aleqsandre lomTaTiZe
mdivnobs damfuZnebeli krebis mdivani
konstantine jafariZe.
prezidiumSi arian:
eqvTime TayaiSvili
simon mdivani da
qristine SaraSiZis asuli.

sxdoma iwyeba 12 saaTsa da 20 wuTze.

Tavmjdomare. sxdoma gaxsnili gaxlavT. mdivani mogaxsenebT dRi­
ur wesrigs.
mdivani. (kiTxulobs komisiebSi gadasacem sakanonmdeblo aqtTa
nusxas da Semdeg dRiur wesrigs.)

sakanonmdeblo aqtTa nusxa

1. finansTa da vaWroba-mrewvelobis ministris proeqti _ geolo­

giuri gamokvlevaTa mosawyobaT 200.000 man gadadebisa. damfuZnebe­
li kreba adgens: proeqti dekretisa gadaecema sabiujeto-safinanso
komisias.
2. Sinagan saqmeT ministris proeqti dekretisa _ tfiliss, siR­
naR-Telavis Soris telefonis gasayvanaT kreditis gaxsnis Sesaxeb.
gadaecema adgilobriv mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTv. da sabiuje­
to safinanso komisiaT.

423
 dRiuri wesrigi

1. saboloo teqsti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 120.160 man. gadadebis

dekretisa _ saqarTvelos saistorio saeTnografio sazogadoebis
dasaxmareblad.
2. saboloo teqsti _ centralur sastatistiko komitetis daarse­
bis kanonisa.
3. meore (muxlobrivi) ganxilva saqarTvelos senatis daarsebis
kanon-proeqtisa.
4. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) saaqcizo da sapatento gadasaxa­
dis gadidebis kanon-proeqtisa.
5. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) _ samxedro begarisa da Sei­
araRebul ZalTa Sevsebis kanon-proeqtisa.
6. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) _ samxedro pirTa xarisxebis
debulebis Secvlis kanon-proeqtisa.
7. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) oficerTa, samxedro moxeleTa, ja­
riskacTa da samRvdeloebisaTvis axali jamagiris kanon-proeqtisa.
8. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) _ oficerTa da jariskacTa tanis­
amosis formis kanon-proeqtisa.
9. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) kanon-proeqtisa _ samxedro mfri­
navTa damatebiTi jamagirisa _ haerSi frenisaTvis.
10. meore (muxlobrivi ganxilva) _ SeiaraRebul ZalTa reorgani­
zaciis kanon-proeqtisa.
11. dekreti _ adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa sasargebloT
dawesebul safuTo gadasaxadis Sesaxeb momqmed kanondebulebaTa
Secvlisa da Sevsebisa.
12. dekreti _ tfilisis saostato institutis gauqmebisa da
saxelmwifo universitetTan pedagogiuri institutis daarsebisa.
13. dekreti _ saxelmwifo xazinidan 290.089 man da 25 k. gadadebisa
rkinis gzaze partaxian tifTan brZolis gaweul xarjebis dasafaravad.
14. dekreti _ gaz. „saqarTvelos respublikis“ saWiroebisaTvis
87.650. man. gadadebisa.
15. dekreti _ tfilisis satexniko saswavleblis saSualo sapoli­
texniko saswavleblaT gadakeTebisa.
16. dekreti _ damfuZnebeli krebis kancelariasTan stambis
daarsebisa.
17. dekreti _ 1919 w. agvistos 5-s dadgenilebis moqmedebis gan­
grZobisa _ binebze da sxva sadgomebze umaRlesi fasebis gansazRvris
Sesaxeb.
erov.-demokr. fraqciis winadadeba _ erovnul demokratiul fraq­
cias Semoaqvs winadadeba _ dRiur wesrigs daematos erovnul-demokra­
tiul fraqcias winadadeba _ leCxumis mazraSi damfuZnebel krebis yve­
la fraqciis warmomadgenelTagan Semdgar komisiis gagzavnis Sesaxeb.

424
 Tavmjdomare. gaxlavT winadadeba erovnul-demokratiul fraq­
ciisa (kiTxulobs vis surs sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb? Tanaxma
reglamentisa SeiZleba, rasakvirvelia, maSinve warmodgenili iyos
plenumis winaSe, rac Seasrula prezidiumma. zemosvaneTSi gaigzav­
nos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrebisagan komisia, sxva da sxva fraqciebis
mier warmodgenili, rom iq gamoarkvios mdgomareoba da saTanado
zomebi miiRos. surs Tu ara vismes sityva am winadadebis Sesaxeb? si­
tyva ekuTvnis baton kedias.
spiridon kedia. (n.d.) am winadadebas Tqven dainaxeT kidec, aqvs
erTgvari saswrafo xasiaTi, imitom rom is dakavSirebulia svaneTSi
damfuZnebel krebis arCevnebis mimdinareobasTan.
ara erTxel mogvsvlia aseTi cnobebi Sesaxeb leCxumisa da svane­
Tisa. Cven gvaqvs faqtebi, rom marTlac moxda mkvleloba, samwuxaro
mkvleloba, ramdenjerme, xan pirad niadagze, da araviTari iseTi
zomebi ar aris miRebuli mazraSi, rom borot-momqmedT eSinodes.
aseT sinamdvilis winaSe me mgonia damfuZnebeli kreba saWirod dain­
axavs aucileblad Seadginos komisia da gagzavnos imis gamosakv­
levad, marTla Tu ra xdeba leCxumSi da svaneTSi.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, batono oratoro, Tqven winaSe sakiTxi
ese ara sdgas. sakiTxi sdgas _ gnebavT Tu ara exlave dRiur wesrigSi
SevitanoT es winadadeba?
s. kedia. ki batono, amis gamoisobiT erovnul-demokratiul fraq­
cias Semoaqvs winadadeba, rom es sakiTxi dRiur wesrigSi Setanil
iqnes da ganxilul iqnes dRevandel sxdomaze.
Tavmjdomare. kenWs uyri am winadadebas. vin aris winaaRmdegi?
winadadeba miRebuli gaxlavT da Setanili iqneba dRiur wesrigSi.
pirveli sakiTxi aris 120.160 aTasi maneTis gadadebisa saistorio
saetnografio sazogadoebis dasaxmareblad. momxsenebeli gaxlavT
soloRaSvilis asuli.
(dekreti miRebulia kenWis yriT).
Semdegi meore sakiTxi teqsti dekretisa centralur sastatis­
tiko komitetis daarseba. momxsenebli gaxlavT soloRaSvilis asuli
(saboloo teqsti kenWis yriT miRebulia).
Semdegi sakiTxi gaxlavT muxlobrivi ganxilva proeqtisa saqarT­
veloSi senatis daarsebis Sesaxeb. momxsenebeli gaxlavT jafariZe.
s. jafariZe. (kiTxulobs muxlobriv. 1-20 muxlamdin miRebulia
kenWis yriT da SesworebebiT)
Tavmjdomare. me-20 muxlSi Sesworeba aris Semotanili social-­
demokratiis fraqciis mier, rom me-20 muxlidan gamoiricxos Semdegi
sityvebi (kiTxulobs).
me-20 muxlidan gamoiricxos Semdegi sityvebi: „mosamarTleT mainc
umsaxurniaT ara naklebi 8 wlisa“. amis magier unda iqnes: „an visac xan­
grZlivi gamocdileba aqvs sasamarTlos sferoSi“.

425
 amave muxlidan gamoiricxos Semdegi sityvebi: sisxlis samarTlis
departamentis senatorTa ricxvSi erTi unda iyos samxedro iuristi“.
erovnul demokratiul fraqcias Semoaqvs wiadadeba: me-20 mux­
lSi amoiSalos sityvebi „ori wlis vadiT“ da „oTxi wlis vadiT“.
amave muxlis meore naxevari Seicvalos am saxiT: „romelTac
umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba miuRiaT da ara nakleb 5 wlisa
umuSavniaT sasamarTlos an saadministracio asparezze, an Tu aseTi
ganaTleba ara aqvT miRebuli, „mosamarTleT mainc umsaxurniaT ara
nakleb rva wlisa“.
soc.-dem. fraqcias Semoaqvs winadadeba: me-20 muxlSi amoiSalos
sityvebi: „iseT pirTagan, romelTac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTle­
ba miuRiaT an, Tu iseTi ganaTleba ara aqvT miRebuli, mosamarTleT
mainc umsaxurniaT ara nakleb rva wlisa. sisxlis samarTlis ricxvSi
erTi unda iqnes samxedro iuristi“.
Sesworebis Sesaxeb sityva ekuTvnis baton gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. batonebo, wina sxdomaze mogaxseneT. aq yvelam
sTqva imaze, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs senats. senati aris mesame
elementi saxelwifoebriv uflebisa. imas aqvs iseTi didi mniSvneloba
rogorc kanonmdeblobas da mis organizacias, rogorc mTavrobas da
mis organizacias aseTi mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlos, senats da mis
mowyobas. senati aris Tavi sasamarTlosi, maSasadame, yoveli sakiTxi,
romelic Seexeba senats da mis mowyobas didi mniSvnelovani aris. Cven
erovnul demokratebma SemovitaneT Semdegi Sesworeba (kiTxulobs).
es Sesworeba aucileblad moiTxovs, rom senatori iyos ganaTlebuli
piri, mcodne piri sazogadoebriv uflebisa, e.i. iuristi. me vambob
es aucilebeli moTxovnilebaa. me mgonia, amas damtkiceba ar unda.
SeuZlebelia, magaliTad, rom eqimis adgilze dainiSnos sxva vinme
ubralo kaci, vaWari an muSa. swored amnairad SeuZlebelia, rom sen­
atorad iyos iseTi piri, romelsac ar miuRia Sesaferi ganaTleba da
momzadeba. me mgonia es eWvs gareSea. Tu Tqven miaqcevT yuradRebas
pirvels da meore muxls, im wesdebisas romelic Tqven ukve miiReT,
dainaxavT rom senati xelmZRvanelia saerTo yovel uflebriv sfero­
Si. igi xsnis kanonebs, ganmartavs azrebs, ganmartebas aZlevs, awesri­
gebs cxovrebas, erTi sityviT amas awevs didi movaleoba da am movale­
obis asruleba yovlad SeuZlebelia Tu adamiani moumzadebelia.
batonebo, es iseTi azria, rom amaze bevrs ar vilaparakeb, es yve­
lasTvis gasagebi aris. amitom pirvel proeqtSi naTqvami aris, rom
saWiroa iuridiuli momzadebao, marto es iyo Tqmuli, me maSin mogax­
senebT, rom marto iuridiuli momzadeba, marto diplomi iuridi­
ul fakultetisa sakmarisi ar aris. radganac mec da bevrma amxanagma
iuristebma Zalian kargad ician, rom marto iuridiul fakultetis
gaTaveba ar aris sakmarisi, agreTve visac diplomi miuRia da gamoc­
dileba ki ara aqvs, rasakvirvelia senatoris movaleobas ver aas­
rulebs. yvelas mogexsenebaT ubralo advokatad rom yofiliyaviT,

426
nafic veqilaT, saWiro iyo 5 wlis muSaoba rogorc TanaSemwisa. Tu
advokatebisTvis 5 wlis muSaoba savaldebulo iyo, nu Tu senatoro­
bas Tqven miscemT iseT pirs, romelsac eseTi staJi ar gauvlia? nu Tu
senatoroba ufro advili saqmea vidre ubralo advokatoba. amitom
me Sevitane es Sesworeba rom am iuridiul ganaTlebas imave dros
damatebuli hqondes kidev xuTi wlis muSaoba mainc sadme an sasamarT­
loSi, an administraciaSi. maSin rodesac adamians eqneba iuridiuli
ganaTleba, rogorc Teoretiuli, da imave dros es adamiani imuSavebs
5 weliwads, me davinaxe, rom es am SemTxvevaSi aris is minimumi, romel­
ic aucilebelia senatorisTvis. amitom me viTam im Sesworebas, romel­
ic Semovitane, mxolod miuRebelia is Sesworeba, romelic Semoitana
soc. dem. fr. aq cenzi srulia waSlili aris. maSasadame SesaZlebelia
dainiSnos iseTi piri, romelsac ara aqvs iuridiuli ganaTleba, ara
aqvs araviTari momzadeba sazogado gamocdileba. agre gamartiveba
batonebo am sakiTxisa yovlad miuRebelia. damerwmuneT ase sakiTxis
dayeneba arcxvens Cvens saxelmwifoebriv Segnebas Tu Cven saxelmwi­
fos saTaveSi vdgevarT, Tu Cven damfuZnebeli kreba varT, Cven unda
gaviTvaliswinoT moTxovnileba saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebisa da Tu
gagvegeba saxelmwifoebrivi moTxovnileba yovlad SeuZlebelia,
rom senatoraT iqnes ubralo arCeuli vaWari, ubralo muSa, ubralo
meurne, vinc ginda iyos. es yovlad miuRebelia. marTalia, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom Cven TviT virCevT da Cven amovirCevT karg kacso, magram es
cota aris. kanonmdebelma, Cvenma krebulma, damfuZnebelma krebam Ti­
Ton unda daidos raime kanoni, TavisTvis savaldebulo. am mxriv Ria
karebi ar unda iyos. dRes Tqven xarT damfuZnebeli kreba, magram gava
dro, erTi weliwadi, da iqneba sxva imitom unda iyos raime kanoni da
es kanoni unda iqnes savaldebuloT miRebuli. savaldebulo moTxov­
nileba aris rom senators hqondes Sesaferi ganaTleba. Tu am azrs
ar miiRebT, ar gaatarebT, maSin damerwmuneT, aramc Tu es Seaferxebs
Cven saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebas, aramed arev darevs da Seaferxebs
Cven politikur cxovrebasac.
damerwmuneT, rom exlandel momentSi Cveni mdgomareoba Zalian
rTulia da yovelive nabijze unda yuradReba mivaqcioT Tu saiTken
vixrebiT. Cven vicavT damoukideblobas, vicavT im princips, rome­
lic Cven vaRiareT da gamovacxadeT damoukideblobis aqtSi Tu ara?
e.i. Cven vicavT demokratiul princips Tu ara. amas uyureben da Tu
dainaxaven sxva saxelmwifoebi, magaliTad, inglisi, rom Cven vixrebiT
ufro marcxniv, Cven demokratizms TiTqmis uaryofT da pirvel adg­
ilze gamogvaqvs SeiZleba ukve iTqvas, moumzadebloba da umecroeba,
es yovlad SeuZlebelia. (gobeCia: es xom muqara aris). es muqara ki ar
aris es marTalia, friad saxifaTo aris es nabiji da Tu saxelmwifoe­
bi dainaxaven, rom Cven mivdivarT im gziT, romliTac midian moskov­
Si, es saxifaToa CvenTvis. SeiZleba es baton gobeCiasTvis sasurveli
iyos da idealic iyos, magram CvenTvis, garwmunebT, es didaT saxifa­

427
Toa. Tu denikini Semovida da dainaxa, rom saqarTveloSi aseTi mimar­
Tulebaa, maSin daiRupebian, da damarcxdebian swored es pirebi, ai
swored soc. demokratebi, Tu gnebavT da samwuxarod, Tavdapirvelad
swored noe Jordania iqneba CamoxrCobili (xmauroba: Tavdapirvelad
swored gaanadgureben im muSebs, romelTac amisTana Sesworeba Se­
moaqvT (xmauroba) Tu denikini Semovida da swored es muSebi iqnebi­
an CamoxrCobilni. Tu gindaT, rom is ar Semovides, nu uRalateT im
demokratias, romelic Cven miviReT, romelsac aqvs mniSvneloba
da romelic aris savaldebulo CvenTvis. Cvens konstituciaSi aris
naTqvami demokratiuli weswyobileba. demokratiuli weswyobileba
umecroobas ki ar amefebs, aramed awesrigebs Cvens cxovrebas da Tu
senats hqmniT, hqmniT mxolod imisTvis, rom umaRlesi organo iqnes
uflebriv cxovrebaSi, an moawesrigos cxovreba uflebriv Tvalsaz­
risiT. rodesac amas sTvliT Tqven ambobT: arc iuridiuli ganaTleba
aris saWiro, arc iuridiuli momzadeba aris saWiro da arc amisTana
senatis Seqmna aris saWirod. me mgonia amisTana azri yovlad miuRe­
belia. soc. dem. bevri Sesworeba Semoitanes, magram yvela isini arian
isTe gadabmuli erTi meoresTan, rom neba miboZeT exlave ganvmarto,
rom meore jer ar gavimeoro.
Tavmjdomare. ukacravaT, Sesworeba Seexeba me-20 muxls.
gvazava. me gTxovT, rom uaryofili iqnes winadadeba soc.-demok­
ratebisa. is, romelic iyo adre darCes, mxoloT iseTi damatebiT, ro­
melic SevitaneT Cven. es damateba aris minimumi xuTi wlis, staJi, rom
vinme gaxdes senatori da rom sikeTe gaakeTos da wesrigi Seitanos
Cvens cxovrebaSi. ai batonebo es minimumia. me darwmunebuli var, rom
Tqven amas miiReb. didaT Secvlili ar aris Tqveni pirveli kanon-pro­
eqti da rac Seexeba Tqven Sesworebas, is rogorc mogaxseneT, yovlad
miuRebeli aris.
Tavmjdomare. yovelgvar gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad me
am maRal tribunidan unda ganvacxado, rom saqarTvelos demokratia
da misi damfuZnebeli kreba, rasakvirvelia, midis sakuTari gziT da
ara moskovis, Tu sxva ram qalaqis gziT (xmebi: marTalia) maSasadame,
es adgili sityvisa, romelsac xazi gausva batonma oratorma, miuRe­
belia CvenTvis. saWirod vracx Cems Tavs, rom meore mxrivac gausva mas
xazi da iTqvas, erTxel kidev, rom es aris sakuTari, demokratiuli
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa xazi da gezi. (gvazava:
es dRes damtkicdeba).
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baraTaSvils.
iese baraTaSvili. iuridiul komisiaSi miiRo monawileoba yve­
la partiis warmomadgenelma da scnes misaRebaT is pirveli tezisi,
rom senatorebs umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba unda hqondeT miRe­
buli. me am debulebas vicav Semdegi mosazrebiT: Cveni azri gamom­
dinareobs im mniSvnelobidan da Rirebulebidan, ra mniSvneloba da
ra Rirebuleba aqvs senats. amas angariSi unda gauwioT. senati aris

428
upirveles yovlisa sakasacio dawesebuleba, sakasacio instancia,
amas me xazs vusvam, marTlac, rom senatorebma zed miwevniT, rogorc
specialistebma, unda icodnen kanonebi da Seswavlili hqondeT es
dargi. senatorebi momzadebulni unda iyvnen rogorc praqtikulad,
ise Teoriulad. Cven gvWiria, rom yovel dargSi gvyavdes special­
istebi. Tu Cven progresis momxreni varT, SeuZlebelia progresi,
Tu Cven saTaveSi ar dganan specialurad momzadebulni pirni. is, _
senatorma unda ganmartos axsnas kanoni, Tval-yuri adevnos kanon­
mdeblobas, gansakuTrebiT am pirebma yuradReba unda miaqcion kano­
nis msvlelobas. gaarCios mudmivi da kerZo xasiaTis movlenani. Sesa­
Zlebelia damfuZnebelma krebam an parlamentma aRniSnos cxovrebis
moTxovnilebaTa da kanonTa Soris. senats unda hqondes avtorite­
ti damfuZnebeli kreba anu parlamenti miaqcevs yuradRebas senatis
muSaobas da Seasworebs winaaRmdegobas. Cven, rom mivaqcioT yur­
adReba ruseTis senatis praqtikas, davinaxavT, rom Seiqmna auarebe­
li saxelmZRvanelo masala. senatorebi ar iyvnen moklebuli codnas,
gamocdilebas da SemoqmedebiTi niWs. erTi sakiTxi iyos, es politi­
kuri sakiTxebi. isini aq sdumdnen. gareSe _ amisa saucxovoT marTa­
vdnen kanonebs da maT Rirebulebas. moqalaqeno senatoroba rTuli
movaleobaa. Tqven goniaT, rom Cven specialistebi ar gvWirian. iqneba
Tqven fiqrobT, umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba meti bargia senato­
riisaTvis? Tqven brZanebT, rom amovirCevT iseT pirebs, romelnic sa­
Tanadod iqnebian momxsenebelni, magram amas kanonSi ar aRvniSnavTo,
ratom? Tu kanoni ar igulisxmebs iuridiul ganaTlebas maSin kari
Riad rCeba. SesaZlebeli xdeba arCeva ucenzo, pirovnebisa, survil­
isamebr. Torem sxva gvar axsnas me ver vpoveb. winadac da exlac mo­
gexsenebaT, rom gamonaklisi unda iyves. SeiZleba umaRlesi ganaTle­
ba ar miiRos, magram SesZlos senatoroba. am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa da
aucilebelia sasamarTlos sferoSi hqondes gamocdileba, bunebrivma
niWma da gamocdilebam unda dahfaros nakli, rom mas ar miuRia uma­
Rlesi ganaTleba, Cveni fraqcia am Sesworebas uWers mxars, Cven unda
amovirCioT iseTi pirebi, romelnic momzadebulni arian, romelTac
specialurad ician es sagani, senatis daarseba amas moiTxovs, Cven
virCevT sul 15 kacs, nu Tu Cven Soris, saqarTveloSi 15 kacs ver vi­
povniT, rom umaRlesi uridiuli ganaTleba mieRos da gamocdilebac
hqondes _ garda amisa Cveni rwmeniT Cven mier dasaxulni senatorebi
gaamagreben da ganamtkiceben demokratiul respublikis kanonmde­
blobas. Cven azrebis saawinaaRmdegodar ar aris moyvanili sabuTebi
is Sesworeba romelic aq aris Semotanili s.-d. fraqciis mier, ar eT­
viseba namdvil moTxovnilebas da ar Seefereba senatis Rirsebas.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis baton guruls.
zaqaria guruli. (s.d.) batonma iuristma gvazavam dRes axirebu­
li azri gaavrcela am tribunidan. es is gaxlavT rom cenzis uaryofa
ama Tu im saqmeSi Turme niSnavs demokratizmis uaryofas. (gvazava:

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codnis ganaTlebis uaryofas!) me Cawerili maqvs baton gvazavas si­
tyvebi, rom inglisma dainaxos rom Cven demokratizms gadauxvieT
moskovisken, _ demokratiuli wyobileba aRar aris Turme, an Cven
raime dawesebulebebis cenzi uarvyaviT. amiT sazogado moqalaqeo­
bas an codnas vdevniT (xma: ra cenzi!) Cven laparaki gvqonda codnis
cenzze. kanonSi Setanilia Tu uaryofilia cenzi, amaze Semdeg mogax­
senebT. me vambob cenzis uaryofa an wera, akrZalva kanonis, ar niSnavs
demokratizmis uaryofas. es ar aris demokratizmis gadaxveva, ar niS­
navs demokratiul wyobilebis uaryofas, magram gadavideT kiTxvaze
arsebiTad, rogorc wina ise meore molaparake gveubnebodnen karebs
Rias nu dastovebTo. xom Cven virCevT am senatis wevrebs, winaswar
davketoT kari, winaswar gadavswyvitoT es kaci avirCioT an es ar
avirCioT. xom Cven varCevT ai 15 kacs. nu Tu ver movZebniT iurists
an mcodne gamocdil kacs saqarTveloSio. raRaT ginda rom mainc da
mainc Ria iyos kario. me gekiTxebiT erovnul-demokratebs: visTvis
unda hqondes winaswar daketili karebi? nu Tu damfuZnebel krebas
an saqarTvelos parlaments arCeuls im demokratiul saarCevno
kanoniT, romelic Cven gvaqvs, unda eSinodes TavisTavis Tu winaswar
karebi davkete xelebi ar SevikariT, SeiZleba glaxa ram CavidinoTo?
es aris Tavis Tavis undobloba, im fraqciisa romelic amas ayenebs,
es aris uaryofa Tavis imedebisa, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa So­
ris arCeuli deputati ver moiqceva imdRes, roca arCevnebi iqneba,
ise rogorc damfuZnebel krebis wevrs SehSvenis da, Tu es ar iqneba
winaswar gansazRvruli kanoniT. SeiZleba glaxa kaci avirCioT sen­
atis wevraT. (xma: sul ar unda maSin kanoni). ara Cven gvaqvs kanoni
debuleba senatisa, rogor unda airCes is. Cven debulebis me-20 mux­
lSi rom iyos naTqvami, rom irCevs damfuZnebeli kreba da parlamenti
ki ara, irCevs erTi piri. vsTqvaT giorgi gvazava, maSin TavisTavad
cxadia unda iyos aRniSnuli Tu rogor, ra sferodan, ra korporaci­
idan unda amoirCios man es kaci. magram vinaidgan Cven vwerT kanons,
rom damfuZnebeli kreba irCevs, Semdeg irCevs parlamenti, aseTive
wesiT arCeuli rogorc aris arCeuli Cveni damfuZnebeli kreba, ma­
Sin ar aris saWiro winaswar kanonSi imis Tqma, rom uTuod amoirCi­
eT is kaci, romelmac gaaTava iuridiuli fakulteti da romelsac
umsaxurnia 8 weliwadi sasamarTloSi. (gvazava: codna aris saWiro)
Cven vambobT codna aris saWiro, Tqven ambobT rom eqimaT ar SeiZleba
dainiSnos is, romelsac ar gauTavebia saeqimo nawili, me ki vambob,
rom eqimad SeiZleba moiwvios isic visac iuridili fakulteti ar
gauTavebia. (sicili xmauroba). gana Tqven ar iciT iseTi eqimebi, me
vici aseTi faqti saqarTveloSi, rom eqims ar gauTavebia iuridiuli
fakulteti, magram mSvenivrad eqimobs, (sicili) (gvazava: eqimbaSi) me
ar mogaxsenebT eqimbaSze, me mogaxsenebT eqimze.
davaneboT Tavi saqarTvelos da gadavideT istoriaze. gana ba­
ton gvazavam ar icis magaliTi istoriidan? (gvazava: ar vici!) rom

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ar gauTavebia iuridiuli fakulteti, magram cnobili iuristi iyo,
rogorc saqmis mcodne? gaixseneT abram linkolni. gana baton gva­
zavam ar icis rom linkolns iuridiuli fakulteti ar gauTavebia
magram is iyo mSvenieri iuristi, saxlSi momzadebuli. (gvazava: ga­
monaklisi aris) Cven dafuZnebel krebas da arc parlaments xeli ar
unda SeukraT Tu Cven damoukidebel saqarTveloSi daibada abram
linkolni an lasali, ar unda hqondes xeli Sekruli arc damfuZneb­
el krebas da arc parlaments, rom isini amoirCion senatorebaT. da
Tu Tqven kanoni da Tqveni formula miviReT maSin Cven ar gveqneba
ufleba, vimeoreb, geniosic rom warmoiSvas Cven xalxSi, es geniosi
amoirCios. Cven ki ar vukravT xels da vambobT exla: Tu CvenSi dai­
bada, warmoiSva aseTi geniosi maSin... Cven ki ar vikravT xelebs, Cven
vambobT, Tu CvenSi daibada geniosi miuxedavad imisa rom iuridiuli
fakulteti ar gauTavebia, Cven avirCevT.
Tavmjdomare. batono oratoro, batono oratoro, Tu SeiZle­
ba yuradReba miaqcieT Cem sityvas, umorCilesad gTxovT mimarToT
krebas da kerZo wevrebs yovlad SeuZlebelia warmoeba ese sxdomisa.
guruli. vinaidan momavalSi Cveni senati ixelmZRvanelebs ufro
awi Seqmnil kanonmdeblobiT, vinaidan unda ixelmZRvanelos am re­
voliucionur, xalxis mier arCeul dawesebulebaSi SemuSavebul
wesiT, aq SesaZlebelia rom TviT am procesSi warmoiSvas xalxi magram
arc es Segvaqvs Cven kanonSi, Cven vambobT, kari Ria unda gvqondes, xeli
unda gvqondes gaxsnili damfuZnebel krebas da parlaments ufleba
unda hqondes, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisgan amoirCios senatorebi,
ganurCevlad vin iqneba is (kedia: Wkviani Tu uWkuo) rasakvirvelia,
mcodne da gamocdili, miuxedavad imisa iuridiuli fakulteti aqvs
gaTavebuli Tu ara, TviTmyroblobis staJi gavlili aqvs Tu ara.
Salva mesxiSvili. (s. f.) moqalaqeno, Zalian damaxasiaTebelia,
rom social-demokratiulma fraqciam Tavis Sesworebis dasacavad
iuristi ar gamogzavna, Tumca fraqcias iuristi sakmavod moepove­
ba. (gvazava: vin ikadrebda amas) me amas imiTi vxsni, rom verc erTi
iuristi seriozulad am kaTedridan ver daicavs im Sesworebas, ro­
melic Setanilia social-demokratiul fraqciis mier. ukve moyvanil
sabuTebs aRar gavimeoreb. mxolod saWirod mimaCnia xazi gausva, rom
senats Zalian didi movaleoba da didi mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwi­
fos cxovrebaSi. Tqven ukve miiReT ramodenime muxli, romelic gan­
sazRvravs senatis kompetencias da mis funqciebs. aqedan naTeli unda
iyos rogori didi saxelmwifoebrivi da SemoqmedebiTi mniSvneloba
aqvs senats Cven norC saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobaSi. aseT pirobeb­
Si social-demokratebis Sesworeba adasturebs, rom SeiZleba sen­
atorad avirCioT yvelani, da araviTari cenzi saWiro ar ariso, b.
guruli brZanebs saWiro ar aris winaswari xelis Sekvra, rodesac
umisodac iseT pirobebs airCeven, romelTac codna unda hqondeTo.
b. gurulma xuTjer daamsxvria is debuleba, romelic TiTon wamoay­

431
ena. maSasadame aucileblad saWiro yofila codna, codnis cenzi
aucilebeli piroba aris da ratom ar gindaT es kanonSi SeitanoT,
da fiqrobT, rom es damfuZnebel krebis xelis SezRudva iqneba _ ra
saWiro aris maSin kanonebis wera? rac mogveprianeba is gavakeToT.
rodesac Cven uflebriv saxelmwifos vqmniT, rodesac Cven gvinda
wesiereba davamyaroT, _ saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT is, rac saWiroa
saTanadoT. me vamtkiceb, rom Zalian didi movaleoba awevs sena­
tors da didi Semzadeba unda hqondes mas. mowinaaRmdegeT, albaT
ver warmoudgeniaT, ra xasiaTis muSaoba aqvs senats. me saubedurod
ar wamomiRia TviTpyrobelobis dros yofil senatis ganmartebani,
ubralo sakiTxis ganmartebebs, rom movkidoT xeli, Tqven dainaxavT,
rom am xalxs didad umuSavniaT da didi codnis patronebic unda yo­
filiyvnen. didi gamocdileba, didi dakvirveba, didi niWi da codna
aris saWiro, rom gadasrul sakiTxs imisTana pasuxi misceT, romel­
ic Seefereba kanons da dRevandel axal moTxovnilebebs, miTumetes,
rom ganmarteba, marto erT saqmisTvis ki ar aris savaldebulo, ar­
amed yvela imisTanave saqmeebisaTvis. yovel amisTana ganmartebas ki
moumzadebeli iuristi ver dawers. Tqven SegiZlianT dagvisaxeloT
gamoCenili moRvawe, romelsac SeuZlian mTel saxelmwifos saTaveSi
dgoma, amis politikuri niWi aqvs, magram didebuli politikuri moR­
vawe me ubralo iuridiul kiTxvaze pasuxs ver momcems, ubralo saka­
sacio Txovnas ver gaarCevs. SeiZleba didi gonebis patroni da didi
moRvawe iyos, magram kanonis saTanado ganmartebas, miT umetes maSin,
roca axal demokratiul saxelmwifos specialuri codna saWiroa da
iuridiuli ganaTleba aucilebelia batonebo. erTgvari simarTlea,
roca b. gurulma brZana, cxovrebam icis magaliTebi, rodesac spe­
cialur momzadeba ar miuRiaT, magram gamoCenili iuristebi iyvneno.
Cven, iuristebma viciT SemTxveva, rodesac iuridiuli ganaTleba ar
hqondaT miRebuli, magram gamoCenili iuristebi iyvnen. es argumentia
imisTvis, rom ar movakloT damfuZnebel krebas saSualeba amisTana
pirTagan amovirCioT senatori. Cven vlaparakobT, Tu iuridiuli ga­
naTleba ara aqvs, usaTuod gamocdileba unda hqondes sasamarTlos
sferoSi. magram SeuZlebelia cxovrebam iseTi magaliTebi wamogvi­
yenos, rom adamians iuridiuli ganaTleba ar hqondes, sasamarTlo
sferoSi ar emuSavnos da gamocdileba ki hqondes. amisTana Teore­
tikosebi cxovrebam ar icis.
kidev erTi mosazreba, Tu ki Tqven, b-no social-demokratebo
roca momrigebel mosamarTleTa instituti SemoviReT, mosamarT­
lisaTvis cenzi aucileblad migaCndaT da miviReT kidec cenzi, ra
daemarTa Tqvens loRikas exla? me darwmunebuli var, rom yvela amis
Semdeg rac aq iTqva, Sesworeba mainc Setanili iqneba kanonSi. magram
movaled vracx Cem Tavs, radganac Zalian pasuxismgebel momentSi vcx­
ovrobT da did instituts vqmniT, Cemi azri mkafiod warmogidginoT.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis krebis wevrs giorgaZes.

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 grigol giorgaZe. (s. d.) is azri, romelic gamoTqmuli aris soc-
demok­ratiul fraqciis SesworebiT, iseTi saRi azri aris da misaRe­
bi, rom amisTvis SesaZlebeli iyo, rom mogvesmina ara iuristi da es
azri agvewon-dagvewona. magram sityva aviRe imisTvis, rom upasuxo
ai am Cem amxanagebs profesiiT. Cveni Sesworeba miiyvanes, marTlac af­
surdamde. Tqven imdenad gadaxareT joxi, rom ambobT kanonmdebloba
ra saWiro ariso. me mgonia es iseTi lapsuí á, iseTi absurdi aris, ro­
gorc warmoyenebulia sityva gvazavasi. Sesworeba aris Semotanili,
am Sesworebidan Tqven daskvniT, rom kanonmdebloba saWiro ar aris.
(kedis: es replika gaxldaT b. gurulis sibrZneze). am Sesworebas ara­
vin ar amtkicebs, da aravin aris im azrisa, rom senatorisTvis ar iyos
saWiro codna da Sesaferi gamocdileba; winaaRmdeg, Cven im azrisa
varT, rom aucileblad saWiro aris ganaTleba, da gamocdileba iu­
ridiul komisiaSi. sadac iuristebi isxdnen iqac daibada es azri. iq
warmoiTqva azri, rom damfuZnebel krebas unda misceT iseTi ufleba,
rom TiTon airCios Rirseuli senatorebi. nu daudebT mas sazRvars,
farglebs CarCoebSi nu CavayenebT, rom damfuZnebel krebam da mere
parlamentma TviT SesZlos uaryos uvargisi pirebi. magram, iurid­
iulma komisiam xmis umravlesobiT sul sxva debuleba SeimuSava. ise
rom es arc iseTi azri aris, romelic iurists ar mouvidoda TavSi.
marTlac, arsebiTad rom SevxedoT, gana SeiZleba rom damfuZnebel
krebam da parlamentma amoirCios iseTi kaci, romelsac araviTari
codna ara aqvs da ar miuRia Sesaferi gamocdileba. es yovlad Seu­
Zlebelia. magram am SemTxvevaSi Cven marTla ar SegviZlian SevboWoT
sakanonmdeblo organo, damfuZnebeli kreba da parlamenti am Ta­
visuflebas moixmars ise, rogorc Seefereba senatis Rirsebas, ro­
gorc Seefereba damfuZnebel krebis da parlamentis Rirsebas. ai ama­
Si aris azri, Torem, Tqven rom brZaneT, rom iuridiuli ganaTleba
saWiro aris, amas aravin uaryofs, fraqcia amis winaaRmdegi ar aris.
(gvazava: maS daumateT kanons es), fraqcia scnobs rom codna gamoc­
dileba saWiro aris, magram amas garda saWiro aris bevri ram sxva
Tviseba kidev, romelic aucilebelia dRes yvela moRvawisTvis. ge­
niosic rom iyves denikinels azriT, Cven ver davajenT senatSi, da
arc sxva dawesebulebaSiac davajenT. maSasadame, aris iseTi Tviseba
romelic aucileblaT yvelasaTvis: aris is sazogado moRvawe, sena­
tori, municipaluri moRvawe, vinc unda iyos; dRevandeli pirobebi
amas moiTxovs, ukarnaxebs. amitom, Cven ar gvinda SevboWoT sakanon­
mdeblo dawesebuleba, ai mTeli azri am debulebisa.
ar SeiZleba es Sesworeba kacma ise gamoiyenos, viTom da so­
cial-demokratiuli fraqcia aris winaaRmdegi yovel codnisa ga­
mocdilebisa. unda viRac quCaSi mokribos da daajinos senatSi. Cemis
azriT, Tu Cven am Sesworebas ar SevitanT, maSin Cven vboWavT dam­
fuZnebel krebas, arCevnebis dros sazRvars udebT. yvela im Tvisebas,
romelzedac me mogaxseneT, rom saWiro aris dRevandel pirobebSi.

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Tqven yuradRebas ar aqcevT ise, rogorc Cveni fraqcia aqcevs. saW­
iro aris, yvela politikuri moRvawisTvis, garda codnisa, garda
gamocdilebisa, aris saWiro sxva Tviseba iseTi, romelsac moiTxovs
dRevandeli politikuri pirobebi, romelsac moiTxovs saxelmwifos
mdgomareoba. ai aseTi aris namdvili azri, da amitom es Sesworeba ar
unda gamoiyenoT ise, rogorc zogierTebs nebavs. Cven im senatorebis
arCeviT romelTac avirCevT am mokle droSi, daumtkicebT sazoga­
doebas, rom ar vdgevarT, ar varT sruliad im Sexedulebisa, rom amo­
virCioT isini vinc Cven gvinda. ara, damfuZnebeli kreba amas daamt­
kicebs, da kargad unda icodeT, rom Cveni Sesworeba aris mimarTuli
misken, rom avirCioT mxolod imisTana senatorebi, romelnic emsax­
urebian dRevandel weswyobilebas, dRevandel pirobebs, romelic
xels Seuwyoben damfuZnebel krebas. gahyvebian damfuZnebel krebas
fexi fex, daicaven im kanons, romelsac damfuZnebeli kreba gamoscems,
da gaatareben mas cxovrebaSi.
ai es aris mTeli azri social-demokratiuli fraqciis Sesworebi­
sa da ara is, rasac Tqven brZanebT, me gavimeore ramdenjerme es azri,
imitom rom saWiroa mTel sazogadoebam icodes, rom Cven gvinda sa­
samarTlo momavali senati imitom, rom man ganamtkicos dRevandeli
weswyobileba, fexi fex gahyves damfuZnebel krebas, kanoni cxovreba­
Si gaataros da darajaT iqnes am weswyobilebisa. magram Tu SevzRu­
davT damfuZnebel krebas, SesaZloa iseTi organo SevqmnaT, romelic
ar iqneba am kanonmdeblobis damcveli. ar iqneba damcveli dRevandel
weswyobilebisa, ar iqneba Cveni azris cxovrebaSi gamtarebeli. es azri
misaRebi aris rogorc iuristisTvis, ise ara iuristisTvis da saRi
ari, vinaidan Cven dogmatiurad ar vmsjelobT, Cven vcxovrobT gansaz­
Rvrul pirobebSi da gansazRvrul pirobebis Tanaxmad viqceviT.
Tavmjdomare. amgvarad kamaTi Sesrulebuli gaxlavT. momxsenebe­
lis azri.
momxsenebeli s. jafariZe. im SesworebaTa ricxvSi, romelic war­
moadgina social-demokratiulma fraqciam, misaRebad mimaCnia erTi
_ saxeldobr is, rom amoiSalos es debuleba: „sisxlis samarTlis de­
partamentis senatoraT unda iqnes samxedro iuristi“. es misaRebia
imitom, rom SesaZlebeli iqneba iseTi SemTxveva, rom Cven ar gveyole­
ba Sesaferi kandidati, samxedro iuristi. da amis gamo SeuZlebeli
gaxdeba am azris ganxorcieleba maSin, rodesac amas kanoni moiTxovs.
miuRebeli aris erovnul-demokratebis Sesworeba, rom amoiSa­
los is debuleba, rom senatori irCeva pirveli ori wlis vadiT, da
Semdeg parlamentis mier 4 wlis vadiT. ese igi, imaT azriT, senatori
unda iyos amorCeuli uvadoT, ise, rogorc aqamdis mosamarTle. sazo­
gadod ganxilvis dros Cven ukve gvqonda amis Sesaxeb azris gacvla-ga­
mocvla da maSinac mogaxseneT, rom vadiT senatoris arCeva saqmes ar
avnebs. piriqiT, dabadavs erTgvar xaliss, muSaobis unars. amitom,
SesaZlo aris, Tu vinicobaa senatSi Seipara iseTi piri, romelic

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Sesaferi ar aris, gansazRvrul vadis Semdeg gamovcvaloT, da Sevi­
yvanoT sxva. unda vsTqva, rom senati marto sasamarTlo ar aris. mas
amasTanave, erTgvari politikuri funqciebica aqvs. winadac mogax­
seneT, rom politika iseTi ram aris, Tu karebi dauketeT, fanjaraSi
Semova. TviT kanonmdelobis ganmarteba, saqmis gadawyveta iseTi ram
sfero aris, rom SeiZleba Tavis politikis azriT ixelmZRvanelos
da es politika gaataros. amitom Tu vinicobaa, imisdamixedviT, rom
Cven axalwyobilebaSi vimyofebiT, da senatSi Sevida iseTi, romelic
ver Seegua axal wyobilebas. Cven unda gvqondes SesaZlebloba, rom
vadis Semdeg gadavayenoT da avirCioT Sesaferi piri. garda am mosaz­
rebisa, romelic moviyvaneT, SesaZlebelia aseTi SemTxveva, rom di­
dad moxucebuli mosamarTleni, romelTac aRarc Tvali uWris, aRarc
yuri, sanam ar daixocebian am saqmeze, an saxlSi, mainc mosamarTleT
iqnebian. aseTi mdgomareoba unda moispos. amitom es Sesworeba mis­
aRebi aris. me SevCerdebi mxolod im Sesworebaze, romelic Seexeba
im pirobebis sakiTxs, romelsac unda akmayofilebdnen sasenatoro
kandidatebi. me, rogorc iuridiul komisiis warmomadgenels, mov­
aleobaT mimaCnia ganvacxado, rom es Sesworeba miuReblad mimaCnia.
umTavresi, gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba senatorisa aris kanonis az­
ris gageba da ganmarteba. kanonis azrs agebinebs yvela sasamarTloebs
qveynisas. yvela SemTxvevaSi swyvets is saqmes _ vsTqvaT miwis Sesaxeb,
memkvidreobis Sesaxeb da sxva. kanonis azrs agebinebs sxvas. swyvets
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes: esa Tu is danaSauli, ra kanoniT unda daisa­
jos, da sxva amisTanebi. maSin, rodesac is Tvalyurs adevnebs zogad
xasiaTis cirkuliarebs, da, vinicobaa, es kanons ar eTanxmeba, senatma
an unda gaauqmos es, an unda SeaCeros. maSasadame, es aris erTi spe­
cialuri dargi muSaobisa, specialuri, vambob, imitom, rom, ufro
advili aris eqimoba ara eqimisagan, rkinis gzis Seneba ara inJiner­
isagan, vidre kanonis azris gageba ara iuristisagan. bevrsa hgonia,
Cven kanonmdeblebi varT, kanons miviRebT, da gana Cven miRebul kan­
ons Cvenve ver gavigebT? kanoni iwereba ara aTi, ara oci, SeiZleba
asi wliT. exlac moqmedobs kanoni, romelic 17 saukuneSi gamocemuli
aris did mTavar aleqseis dros. exlac SemiZlian bevri iseTi kanoni
giCvenoT, Cven mier gamocemuli, da Tu SevekiTxebi Cvens amxanagebs,
bevri maTgani ver gaigebs, ra azri aqva ama Tu im kanons. es advili
ar aris. es Zneli ram aris. ai me 22 weliwadi vmuSaob am sferoSi, da
exlac Cem praqtikaSi aris xSirad SemTxvevebi, rom kanons ver gavigeb
xolme. unda avwon-davwono, unda komentariebi wavikiTxo, gavigo ra
azriT, ra mizeziT gamowveulia am kanonis gamocema, ra mizani hqonda
saxeSi kanonmdebels. yvela es unda avwon-davwono, veZebo, da did da­
vidarabis Semdeg gavigo gansazRvruli azri. aqedan daskvna: SeuZle­
belia, rom yoveli kerZo SemTxveva cxovrebaSi wamoyenebuli, kanon­
mdebelma winaswar gaiTvaliswinos. es SeuZlebelia. Zalian xSirad
xdeba, rom aris SemTxvevebi gadasaWreli, magram Tqven saTanado kan­

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ons ver naxavT. maSin kanoni gavalebT Tqven eZioT saerTo mizani mTel
kanomdeblobisa. unda eZioT sxva kanonebi analogiuri, Sereuli,
daaxlovebuli. unda eZioT надо найти общий дух законодательства. ai aseTi
mniSvneloba aqvs kanonis azris ganmartebas da Zneli aris aseT dargSi
imuSaos ara specialistma. maSasadame, aris saWiro specialuri momza­
deba ara marto texnikuri, aramed mecnierulic, risTvisac Seswavla
da codna aris saWiro. rasakvirvelia, is debuleba, rom senatorebs
airCevs TviT damfuZnebeli kreba, aris erTnairi garantia imisa, rom
senatSi Seva Rirseuli piri, amitom ukve farTo sazogadoebaSi atex­
ili laparaki, da aurzauri imis Sesaxeb, rom social-demokratebma
unda gaiyvanos senatSi iseTi kacebi, romelTac araviTari codna ara
aqvT, _ es mxolod Worikanoba aris. magram me vambob, rom arc ise unda
davtovoT, rogorc Sesworeba moiTxovs.
es aris erTgvari sakonstitucio aqti, Cven gvaqvs laparaki imaze,
ra pirobebs unda akmayofilebdes sasenatoro kandidati. es sakiTxi
aris dasmuli, da unda iyos gadaWrili. exla unda vsTqvaT, rom nu­
ravis am mxriv nu SeukravT xelfexso, ori Tvis, Tu sami Tvis Semdeg,
roca arCevanze midgeba saqme, maSin SeiZleba sxva azri datrialdes,
da sxva kandidatebi warmozdges. radganac Cven windawin gveqneba
pirobebi gansazRvruli, Cven iZulebuli viqnebiT es farglebi ar ga­
davlaxoT, Torem Tu Cven cota SevaReT kari kai kacebTan erTad Sei­
Zleba Cven Segveparos imisTana kacebic, romelnic am adgilisTvis Ses­
aferni ar iqnebian. amitom iuridiul komisiis saxeliT vacxadeb, rom
unda darCes is teqsti, romelic aris moyvanili am muxlSi.
Tavmjdomare. uyri kenWs Sesworebas, muxli miRebulia.
(20-29) muxlamdis kanoni miRebulia kenWis yriT).
Tavmjdomare. me-29 muxlSi Sesworeba aris Setanili: waiSalos
sityvebi: „im pirTagan, romelnic aRniSnulni arian am debulebis
meoce muxlSi“, vis hsurs sityva Sesworebis Sesaxeb. sityva ekuTvnis
baton gvazavas.
giorgi gvazava. (n.-d.) mcireodeni SeniSvna batonebo, rodesac
aq laparaki iyo senatorebze, sxvaTaSoris is azri iyo gatarebuli
ori Tqveni oratoris mier, rom senatorebs arCevs parlamenti. ma­
Sasadame, aris Tavisi garantia, rom kargi pirebi iqneba arCeuli. es
mosazreba yovlad miuRebelia prokurorebis Sesaxeb. Tu Tqveni Ses­
woreba miRebuli iqneba am mxriv, rom ukanaskneli sityvebi waSlili
qneba, maSin darCeba: prokurors niSnavs mTavroba. Tu prokurors
unda hqondes raime cenzi raime codna, raime garantia, raime mozade­
ba amaze araferi ar aris kanonSi naTqvami. amitom agre miReba kanoni­
sa yovlad SeuZlebelia. pirvel nomerSi am proeqtisa iyo: damfuZne­
beli kreba irCevs an parlamenti irCevs am senatorebs. magram aq am
mosazrebas sruliad adgili ar aqvs imitom, rom prokurors irCevs
mTavroba. Tu ese aris, aq unda SeitanoT, rom am pirebs unda hqondeT
momzadeba da unda iyvnen iuristebi, unda hqondes gamocdileba. Tqve­

436
ni winadadebidan gamodis, rom araferi es ar unda hqondes, maSasa­
dame, Tu prokurors wera-kiTxva ar ecodineba, rogor unda dasweros
protesti, ra unda gaaakeTos, rogor unda ilaparakos? me ver warmo­
midgenia es da amazed unda mimeqcia Tqveni yuradReba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva ekuTvnis mesxiSvils.
Salva mesxiSvili. (s.-f.) es Sesworeba misaRebi gaxlavT, imitom,
rom raki me-20 muxlSi gamotoveT Tqven rac aucileblad saWiro iyo,
amaSi rom dastovoT, rom im pirTagan irCeven, romelnic arian me-20
muxlSi CamoTvlilni, _ es me-20 muxli aRar arsebobs. meore mxriv
roca amoricxeT es sityvebi darCa Semdegi: „prokurors da mis amxan­
agebs niSnavs mTavroba“. imave kanonSi aris naTqvami, rom ZalaSi rCe­
ba yoveli Zveli debuleba, romelic am kanoniT ar aris gauqmebuli
da Zvels debulebaSi aris naTqvami, rom prokurorad iniSneba iseTi
kaci, visac umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli. amitom
amis Setana ar aris saWiro, raki aris Setanili, rom prokurors niS­
navs mTavroba.
Tavmjdomare. sityva aRaravis hsurs. momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. TavisTavad cxadia, rom raki Seicvala redaqcia
meoce muxlisa, unda Seicvalos me-20 muxlic, amitom me winaaRmdegi
ara var am Sesworebisa.
(29 da 35 muxli miRebulia SesworebebiT).
Tavmjdomare. 35 muxlSi aris Setanili ramdenime Sesworeba
(kiTxulobs). sityva aravis ar hsurs momxsenebelis daskvna.
momxsenebeli. me winaaRmdegi ara var amoRebul iqnes me-3 punqti,
magram rac Seexeba nacional-demokratebis Sesworebas, rom gamomZie­
beli da mosamarTle iniSnebodnen senatis mier, rogorc wina krebaze
mogaxseneT saWiro ar aris. rogorc saprokuroro nawili, ise saga­
momZieblo aparati unda iyves usaTuod mTavrobis xelSi, rom SesZle­
ba hqondes mTavrobas Tval yuri adevnos da iuristebis mier arCeul
aparats, amitom es Sesworeba misaRebi ar aris.
(kenWis yriT erovnul-demkratebis Sesworeba uaryofilia, soc.-
dem. Sesworeba miRebulia. muxli 35 miRebulia. 35-54 muxlebi da Tan
darTuli Statebi kenWis yriT miRebulni arian SesworebiT).
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdegi saerTod mTel kanon-proeqti­
sa? vin aris momxre? kanon-proeqti miRebulia. Semdegi sakiTxi.

muxlobrivi ganxilva debulebisa sapatento da

saaqcizo gadasaxadebis gadidebis Sesaxeb.

momxsenebelia WavWaniZe.
ivane WavWaniZe. (s.-d.) (kiTxulobs pirvel muxls).
Tavmjdomare. pirvel muxlSi Semotanili aris Sesworebani so­
cial-demokr. da nac.-demokr. fraq. mier. (kiTxulobs) muxli 1. punqt.

437
2-res daerTos SeniSvna „aqcizi“-dan Tavisufalia soflad ojaxuri
wesiT gamoxdili arayi; Tu igi gamoxdilia ara gasayidaT, aramed Tav­
isaTvis saxmarad, romlis wesis gamorkveva miendos fin. ministrs adg­
ilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaTa organoebTan SeTanxmebiT“.
muxli 1. me-5 punqtis lil. „g“ Semdeg daematos: „SeniSvna Rvinoze
aqcizis akrefa xdeba am kanonTan darTul wesebiT“, xolo SeniSvna,
romelic darTul aqvs am muxls, darCeba meore SeniSvniT.
amave muxlis me-10 punqtis Semdeg Caematos: „SeniSvna papirozis
gilzze da qaRaldze aqcizis akrefa xdeba am kanonTan darTul wesebiT.
WavWaniZe. me am Sesworebis winaaRmdeg araferi ara maqvs, radganac
kanon-proeqts darTuli aqvs wesebi aqcizisa. rac Seexeba Sesworebas,
romelic pirvel muxlSia Setanili, e.i. is Sesworeba, romelic lapa­
rakobs iseT arayzed, romelic iqneba gamoxdili pirad moTxovnilebi­
saTvis ar iqneba masze aqciziT. me amis winaaRmdegi var, radganac
Zneli gamosarkvevia _ romeli arayi gamoxdilia Tavis pirad moTxov­
nilebisaTvis da romeli gasasyidaT. amitom es Sesworeba uaryofili
unda iyos, miT umetes rom arayi ar aris iseT moTxovnilebis sagani,
romelic did saWiroebas Seadgendes yvelasTvis, piriqiT rac ufro
naklebs daleven is ukeTesia.
Tavmjdomare. vin aris winaaRmdeg Sesworebisa? Sesworeba miRe­
bulia.
(kanonproeqti muxlobriv kenWis yriT miRebuli aris).
Tavmjdomare. winadadeba aris soc.-demokr. fraqciisa, rom gagr­
Zeldes kreba erTi saaTiT. vin aris winaaRmdegi? sxdoma grZeldeba.
Semdegi sakiTxi daxurul darbazSi unda ganixilos.
kerZo pirT vTxov datovos darbazi. meore muxlobrivi ganxilva
samxedro begarisa da SeiaraRebul ZalTa Sevsebis kanonproeqtisa.
momxsenebelia simon mdivani.
(sxdoma swarmoebs daxurul karebSi. daxurul sxdomaze ganxi­
lul iqna dRiur wesrigSi aRniSnuli samxedro kanonproeqtebi ris
Semdeg 3 saaTsa da 45 wuTze sxdoma daxurul iqna.

438
 pirTa saZiebeli

a
aleqseevi mixeil vasilis Ze _ (rusi mxedarTmTavari, infanteri­
is general-adiutanti, umaRlesi mTavarsardlobis Stabis ufrosi
(1915-1917), `dobroarmiis~ erT-erTi organizatori da mxedarTmTa­
vari) 176
aleqsei _ didi mTavari aleqsei I (1645-1675) 435
aleqsi-mesxiSvili (mesxiSvili) Salva vladimeris Ze _ advoka­
ti, politikuri da sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos socialist-­
federalistTa partiis erT-erTi lideri. 1902-1904 ww-Si odesis uni­
versitetSi swavlobda, saidanac studentTa revoluciur moZraobaSi
monawileobisTvis garicxes. 1909 daamTavra xarkovis universitetis
iuridiuli fakulteti. 1910 wels TbilisSi advokatoba daiwyo.
1917-1918 ww.-Si saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri, imave wlebSi
amierkavkasiis komisariatis iusticiis ministri (komisari), damou­
kidebeli saqarTvelos pirveli koaliciuri mTavrobis iusticiis min­
istri. 1919-1921 ww.-Si damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 56, 57, 431, 437
andronikaSvili konstantine manuelis (emanuelis) Ze _ so­
cial-demokrati, Jurnalisti, swavlobda moskovis universitetis
iuridiul fakultetze, Semdgom gadavida imave fakultetis ki­
evis universitetSi. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
(saxelmwifo kontrolioris amxanagi (moadgile)), 1918 wels Sedioda
erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wlis Tebervlidan iyo dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT) 360
anjafariZe giorgi nestoris Ze _ iuristi, advokati, 1905 wlidan
rsdmp-s wevri. swavlobda moskovis universitetSi. 1917 wlis Teberv­
lis revoluciis Semdeg iyo baTumis muSaTa da jariskacTa deputa­
tebis sabWos Tavmjdomare. 1917 wlis noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevrad, 1918 wlis Tebervlidan amierkavkasiis sei­
mis wevria, 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli mu­
SaTa partiis siiT. iyo krebis sabiujeto safinanso komisiis wevri;
1920 wels arCeul iqna baTumis qalaqisTavad; monawileobas iRebda
1924 wlis ajanyebaSi 141, 145, 146, 162, 285, 308, 313, 359, 360

439
arseniZe raJden maTes Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, iuristi, publi­
cisti. quTaisis sasuliero seminariis dasrulebis Semdeg swavlob­
da iurievis (tartus) universitetis iuridiul fakultetze. qarT­
velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis quTaisis
ganyofilebis namdvili wevri, erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokrati.monawileoba miiRo 26 maisis aq­
tis SemuSavebis procesSi. aqtiur saqmianobas eweoda partiis cen­
tralur komitetSi. garkveuli periodi muSaobda partiis mTavari
perioduli organos _ gazeT „erTobis~ redaqtorad. 1919 wlis Te­
bervalSi arCeul iqna saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, sa­
dac ikavebda iuridiuli da sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris
posts, 1921 wlis saqarTvelos konstituciis ZiriTadi principebi
swored misi SemuSavebulia. 1920 wlis 2 ianvridan oficialurad
daikava demokratiuli respublikis iusticiis ministris posti, iyo
araerTi samarTlebrivi reformis avtori, iniciatori 36, 61, 62, 116,
223, 233, 249, 261, 264, 303
asaTiani aleqsandre samsonis Ze _ iuristi, Jurnalisti, swav­
lobda moskovis komerciul institutSi ekonomikis specialobiT,
da­asrula peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti.
erov­nul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli, mTavari
komitetis wevri. 1918 wlidan erovnuli sabWos wevri, arCeuli iyo
adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis mdivnad,
safinanso-sabiujeto komisiis wevrad, 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos
damfuZnebeli krebis deputatia, sxva wevrebTn erTad warmoadgenda
edp-s fraqcias. yrilobaze airCies Tavmjdomaris, spiridon kedias,
moadgiled. Sedioda krebis sabiujeto-safinanso, Sromis, agrarul
da sameurneo komisiebSi 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 116, 120, 121, 128, 129, 130, 131,
134, 142, 144, 145, 146, 192, 199, 203, 205, 207, 208, 213, 214, 242, 271, 275,
276, 278, 279, 318, 349, 355, 358, 359, 414
axmetelaSvili simon (siko) giorgis Ze (axmeteli) _ oficeri,
samxedro eqimi. daamTavra derptis (dorpti) universitetis saveter­
inaro fakulteti. I msoflio omis dros iyo oficeri, samxedro eqimi.
erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919 wlidan airCies saqarTve­
los damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demoratiuli
muSaTa partiidan, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis wevri 104

b
baraTaSvili iese (ioseb, osiko) aleqsandres Ze _ advokati,
sazogado da politikuri moRvawe, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. daamTavra peterburgis uni­
versitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. saqarTvelos socialist-fed­

440
eralistTa partiis liderTagani, partiis mTavari komitetis wev­
ri, 1918 wlis maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgiled. miuxedavad imisa, rom emxroboda
saqarTelos federaciul mowyobas, mxari dauWira saqarTvelos, ro­
gorc unitaruli sistemis saxelmwifos aucileblobas; asrulebda
iusticiis ministris movaleobas, 1919-1921 ww.-Si iyo damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri da soc. fed. fraqciis warmomadgeneli; iyo `saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis sakonstitucio safuZvlebis Semd­
geni komisiis~ wevri, aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos pirveli
konstituciis meTeqvsmete Tavis „saxelmwifo da eklesia~ SemuSavebis
procesSi 129, 260, 269, 380, 418, 428
boreli _ frangi deputati 51
brigsi Carlz jeims _ britaneli generali, anglo-burebisa meore
da pirveli msoflio omis monawile 71

g
gabaSvili revaz aleqsandres Ze _ publicisti, saqarTvelos
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. (qarTveli
mwerlisa da sazogado moRvawis, ekaterine gabaSvilis ufrosi vaJi),
1902 daamTavra Tbilisis saTavadaznauro gimnazia. swavla belgiaSi,
lieJis montefiores saxelobis eleqtroteqnikur institutSi ga­
nagrZo, (ar dausrulebia). 1907 Cairicxa peterburgis universitetis
maTematikur fakultetze, Semdeg gadavida qimiur ganyofilebaze.
Tumca studentur mRelvarebaSi monawileobis gamo universitetidan
gairicxa. 1911 w-dan cxovrobda TbilisSi, eweoda sazogadoebriv
saqmianobas. 1912 wels TanamoazreebTan erTad daaarsa da xelmZRvan­
elobda yovelkvireul Jurnal „kldes~ (1912-15 ww.), 1915 wlidan ki
yoveldRiur gazeT „saqarTvelos`. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiT­
xvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis, TavadaznaurTa sakrebulosa
da misi „miwaTmoqmedebis komisiis`, „saTavadaznauro banki`-s wevri.
sxvadasxva dawesebulebebidan SeiZina da qarTvel glexebs usasyid­
lod gadasca 52 aTasi desetina miwa. Seqmna ramdenime kooperaciuli
gaerTianeba – siRnaRis mazris meTamabqoeoba, mTiuleTis mecxvareoba
„mwyemsi`, „didi lilos merZeveoba~ da sxva. 1917 w-is noemberSi monaw­
ileobda saqarTvelos pirveli erovnuli yrilobis muSaobaSi. iyo
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan edp-s siiT, arCeu­
li iyo sabWos gzaTa komisiis SemadgenlobaSi. iyo parlamentis wevri
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis qvotiT 162, 179
gaxaria _ xelosani 43
gegeli (hegeli) georg vihelm fridrix _ germaneli filosofosi,
germanuli klasikuri filosofiis warmomadgeneli 250

441
gegeWkori evgeni petres Ze _ politikuri, saxelmwifo da sazo­
gado moRvawe, qarTuli social-demokratiis erT-erTi lideri,
iuristi. daamTavra moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulte­
ti. aqtiurad monawileobda studentur moZraobaSi. iyo qarTvel
studentT saTvistomos ucvleli Tavmjdomare. 1903 gawevrianda
rsdmp-Si. partiaSi momxdari ganxeTqilebis dros e. gegeWkorma men­
Sevikebis mxa­re daikava. 1907-1912 ww-Si iyo III mowvevis saxelmwifo
saTaTbiros deputati quTaisis guberniidan da social-demokra­
tiuli fraqciis erT-erTi lideri, k. CxeiZesTan erTad. icavda po­
loneTisa da fineTis saxelmwifoebriv uflebebs, sistematurad Ta­
namSromlobda social-demokratiul gamomcemlobebTan. mWidrod
TanamSromlobda antantis blokis diplomatebTan. iyo moTave kavka­
siuri (somxeT-saqarTvelo-azerbaijan-mTielebis) konferenciebi­
sa. man araerTxel iTamaSa Suamavlis roli somxebsa da azerbaijan­
elebs Soris. miaCnda ra, rom erTiani kavkasia iyo damoukideblobis
dacvis mTavari piroba. iyo pirveli respublikis sagareo saqmeTa
(1918-1919) da iusticiis ministri (12 marti, 1921), amierkavkasiis
komisariatis Tavmjdomare, amierkavkasiis mTavrobis (seimis) Tav­
mjdomare, ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputati; qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 49, 160,
170, 171, 179, 180, 183, 221, 223, 224, 310, 419, 420
gedevaniSvili aleqsandre konstantines Ze _ generali. samxed­
ro samsaxuri daiwyo 1888 wels. daamTavra Tbilisis kadetTa korpu­
si, pavles saxelobis I samxedro saswavlebeli da generaluri Stabis
akademia (me-2 TanrigiT). iyo ruseT-iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio
omebis monawile; 1918 w-is dasawyisSi iyo baTumis komendanti; saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis samxedro ministris amxanagi
(moadgile), 1918-1919 ww. SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali, gen­
erali-maiori. 1918 wels saqarTvelo-somxeTis omebis dros mTavar­
sardlis posti ekava. 1921 w-is sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg msaxurobda
wiTel jarSi 221, 223, 419
geleiSvili petre pavles Ze _ social-demokrati, mTavrobis
warmomadgeneli. daamTavra quTaisis saqalaqo saswavlebeli. Tanam­
Sromlobda peterburgis social-demokratiul organoebSi: „novoe
slovo`, „naCalo`, „Jizn`, sadac amierkavkasiis ganyofilebas ganageb­
da. 1903-05 ww.-Si iyo baqos saqalaqo TviTmmarTvelobis mdivani. 1918
wels gaxda amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWo­
sa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, 1918 wlidan saqarTvelos miwaTmoq­
medebisa da Sromis ministris moadgile, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis samtrediis ganyofilebisa da
Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri 355
gendersoni artur (Henderson) _ ingliseli politikuri moRvawe,
leiboristuli partiis erT-erTi lideri, iyo herbert henri askvi­

442
tisa da deivid loid Jorjis mTavrobis wevri, iyo „saboloo gamar­
jvebamde omis~ momxre 174
gvazava giorgi beJanis Ze _ iuristi, mwerali, mTargmneli, publi­
cisti, qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe­
bis wevri. daamTavra moskovis saimperatoro universitetis iurid­
iuli fakulteti. muSaobda advokatad, TanamSromlobda qarTul
da rusul presaSi. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis
erT-erTi damfuZnebeli; 1917 wels Sedioda amierkavkasiis gansa­
kuTrebul komitetTan Seqmnil erovnebaTa sabWos SemadgenlobaSi;
1917 wels aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos erovnuli yrilo­
bis muSaobaSi, airCies erovnuli sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevrad;
1919 wlidan iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, edp-is saparlamento
fraqciis lideri, sakonstitucio komisiis wevri da mdivani, kon­
stituciis saredaqcio komisiis wevri, aseve Sedioda krebis (par­
lamentis) sareglamento da sagareo saqmeTa komisiebSi. 1920 wels
gamosca naSromi „ZiriTadi principebi sakonstitucio uflebisa~
24, 59, 129, 130, 132, 133, 157, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172,
173, 174, 175, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 239, 263, 292, 296, 297, 298,
299, 300, 305, 306, 377, 379, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 388, 389, 413, 428, 429,
430, 431, 433, 436
giorgaZe grigol timoTes (kimoTes) Ze _ politikosi, istoriko­
si, iuristi, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero seminaria,
swavlobda tartusa da odesis universitetebSi. 1909 daamTavra
xarkovis univeristetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1905-1920 ww-Si
iyo social-demokratiuli partiis wevri. 1909- 1910 ww.-Si _ gaz.
„fonis~ redaqtor-gamomcemeli (quTaisi). 1918 wlis aprilSi dain­
iSna amierkavkasiis federaciuli respublikis samxedro ministrad.
1918 wlis 26 maiss damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg dainiSna
samxedro ministrad, damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokra­
tiuli partiidan, 1920 wels dainiSna baTumis olqSi mTavrobis
warmomadgenlad. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis wevri, quTaisis guberniis komisari 379, 383, 385, 396,
413, 420, 432, 433
gobeCia ivane pavles Ze _ socialist-revolucioneri, nafici veqi­
li. ganaTleba peterburgis universitetSi miiRo, sadac iuridi­
uli fakulteti daamTavra. ruseTis socialist-revolucionerTa
partiaSi saqmianobas peterburgis muSaTa organizaciebSi eweoda.
iyo quTaisis sagubernio aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomar­
is moadgile, quTaisis muSaTa da jariskacTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris
moadgile, kavkasiis jariskacTa samxareo sabWos wevri, quTaisis
guberniis komisari, kavkasiis jariskacTa sabWoebis yrilobebis
delegati.monawileobda saqarTvelos pirvel erovnul yrilobaSi
da xelmZRvanelobda yrilobis erovnuli sakiTxis seqciis muSaobas.

443
erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917-1921 ww., saqarTvelos respublikis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcele­
beli sazogadoebis wevri 32, 59, 60, 175, 184, 185, 209, 296, 309
gomarTeli ivane gedevanis Ze _ eqimi, mwerali, publicisti, kri­
tikosi. swavlobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro saswavlebelSi, Semdeg
1894 w. oqros medliT daamTavra Tbilisis me-2 gimnazia. amave wels
Cairicxa moskovis saimperatoro universitetis samedicino fakulte­
tze. paralelurad, Seudga fsiqologiis, istoriis, literaturis,
filosofiis Seswavlas da daiwyo publicisturi moRvaweoba. igi
TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi _ „iveriaSi`, „kvalSi`, „jejil­
sa~ da „moambeSi`, aqveynebda mxatvrul da istoriul-publicistur
statiebs. 1906 wels ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo saTaTbiros dep­
utatad airCies social-demokratiuli partiidan. man gansakuTre­
buli politikuri aqtiuroba 1917 w-dan daiwyo. iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, (social-demokratiuli partia), „mesame dasis~ wevri,
„alioneli`). mmarTveli social-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi ga­
morCeuli ideologi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis gamgeobis wevri 165
gopaZe (eqimi) _ gansakuTrebuli rwmunebuli TbilisSi 311, 418
guruli zaqaria daviTis Ze _ social-demokrati, eweoda Jurnalis­
tur moRvaweobas, werda social-demokratiul presaSi: „Cveni sityva`,
„cxovrebis sarke`, „wyaro~ da sxv. misi werilebis didi nawili muSaTa
problemebs exeboda. social-demokratiul partiaSi ganxeTqilebis
dros menSevikebs miemxro da am poziciaze darCa sicocxlis bolom­
de. erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan; 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, saxalxo gvardiis
Stabis wevri. muSaobda social-demokratiuli partiis centralur
komitetSi 8, 9, 85, 120, 244, 256, 429, 431, 432, 433

d
daviTxanianci (daviTxaniani) daviT grigolis Ze _ politikosi,
swavlobda erevnis saeparqio skolaSi, Semdeg daamTavra tfilisis
komerciuli saswavleblis kursi, 1914 wels ki laifcigis komerci­
uli institutis politekonomiis fakulteti. swavlis dasrulebis
Semdeg dabrunda tfilisSi; iyo „daSnakcutiunis~ saqarTvelos cen­
traluri komitetis wevri. 1919 wels airCies qalaq Tbilisis sabWos
xmosnad. 1918 wlis manZilze iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis parlamentis wevri daSnakcuTiunis partiis saxeliT, 1919 wli­
dan saqarTvelos respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1919 wlis
7 noembers uari Tqva deputatis mandatze. iyo somxeTis respublikis
sursaTisa da momaragebis saministros rwmunebuli saqarTveloSi.

444
1921 wels, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis sabWoTa ruse­
Tis mier okupirebis dros, datova saqarTvelo 180
daSkovi (voroncov-daSkovi) ilarion ivanes Ze _ grafi, ge­neral-
adiutanti, kavkasiis mefisnacvali, Tbilisis sapatio moqalaqe, nav­
Tobmosapovebeli mrewvelobis organizatori balaxanSi 72
denikini anton ivanes Ze _ rusi generali, mxedarTmTavari, TeTri
moZraobis lideri.1917 april-maisSi iyo umaRlesi mTavarsardlis
Stabis ufrosi, Semdeg – dasavleTis da samxreT-dasavleTis fron­
tebis sardali. i. 1918 Semodgomaze gaxda „samxreT ruseTis Sei­
araRebuli Zalebis~ mTavarsardali da ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTvelis
admiral a. kolCakis moadgile. denikini icavda „mTliani da ganu­
yofeli~ ruseTis principebs da ar cnobda carizmis damxobis Semdeg
aRmocenebul damoukidebel erTeulebs, maT Soris saqarTvelos; pre­
tenzias acxadebda mTel samx. qonebaze, romelic omis dros amierka­
vkasiaSi dagrovda. moiTxovda dauyovnebliv gadaecaT ruseTisTvis
TviT afxazeTi. misi samxreTis dasayrdeni amierkavkasiaSi e. w. „rusTa
erovnuli sabWo~ iyo. sakuTari Sesakrebi biuroebis meSveobiT de­
nikinma moxaliseTa armiaSi gasawvevad marto TbilisSi 4000-ze meti
oficeri aRricxa 12, 13, 22, 25, 26, 35, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 127, 128, 133, 140, 150,
152, 154, 155, 156, 159, 162, 163, 164, 166, 168, 176, 177, 178, 180, 185, 188,
229, 235, 236, 237, 254, 269, 418, 428, 433
damokle _ sirakuzeli mefe dionisos (Zv.w. IVs.) megobari 266

e
eliava nikoloz zurabis Ze _ iuristi da Jurnalisti, advokati.
daasrula moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti. 1898-1917
wlebSi iyo rsdmp-is wevri bolSevikTa fraqciidan, 1917 wlidan men­
SevikTa fraqciis wevri, monawileobda revoluciur moZraobaSi, iyo
mgznebare marqsisti. erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri, saxalxo meurneobis umaRlesi sabWos ekonomisti, damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partiis siiT), Tbilisis qalaq­
is mouravi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis namdvili wevri. Tbilisis ganyofilebis wevri 101, 206, 212

v
vandervelde emil _ (van-der-velde) belgiis muSaTa partiis da­
maarsebeli da lideri. belgiis samefos iusticiis, sagareo saqmeTa
da saxalxo jandacvis ministri, meore socialisturi internaciona­
lis lideri 174
varancovi _ (ix.daSkovi) 72

445
veSapeli grigol giorgis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moRvawe,
publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia. imave wels
Cairicxa moskovis saimperatoro universitetis istoria-filolo­
giur fakultetze da iRebda kavkasiis saswavlo olqis stipendi­
as. iyo moskovis qarTvel studentTa saTvistomos erT-erTi xe­
lmZRvaneli, aqtiurad iyo CarTuli moskovis qarTuli koloniis
kulturul-sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. universitetis damTavrebis
Semdeg iqve gaag­rZela swavla iuridiul fakultetze. 1917 wlis
Tebervlis revoluciia Semdeg dabrunda saqarTveloSi, 1917–1918
wlebSi redaqtorobda gazeT „saqarTvelos`. aqtiurad monawil­
eobda erovnul-demokratiuli partiis dafuZnebaSi, iyo partiis
erT-erTi lideri. 1917 wels arCeul iqna partiis mTavar komitetSi.
imave wels am partiis siiT airCies Tbilisis qalaqis xmosnad. iyo in­
terpartiuli sabWos da misi aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevri. saqar­
Tvelos erovnul yrilobaze (1917 wlis noemberi) airCies erovnuli
sabWosa Tavmjdomaris moad­giled. iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri.
1918 TebervalSi monawileobda trapizonis sazavo konferenciis
muSaobaSi. 1919 wlis seqtemberSi airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli
krebis wevrad damoukidebeli nacional-demokratiuli partiisagan
partiis saparlamento fraqciis Tavmjdomared. iyo gazeT „kldis~
redaqtori, 1920 wels gazeT „nacionalistis`, xolo 1920–1921 wleb­
Si gazeT „miwis~ redaqtori. erovnul-demokratiuli partiis Tavm­
jdomare, 1920 wels sxvebTan erTad Seqmna saqarTvelo mesakuTreTa
erovnuli partia. sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis (1921)
Semdeg monawileobda baTumSi saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis sa­
likvidacio sxdomis muSaobaSi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 413
vilsoni Tomas vudro _ politikosi, amerikis SeerTebuli Sta­
tebis 28-e prezidenti (1913--21 ww), nobelis samSvidobo premiis lau­
reati (1919) 65, 165, 169, 174, 182, 184, 187

z
zalcmani _ gzis monakveTis, distanciis ufrosi 47
zevsi _ ZvelberZnul miTologiaSi cis, elvisa da quxilis RmerTi,
romelic mTel msoflios ganagebda 179
zoriani r. _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, cnobili daSnakeli 144, 180
zurabovi arSak _ seimis deputati. social-demokrati, qalaq
Tbilisis mosaxleobis warmomadgeneli ruseTis II saxelmwifo duma­
Si, 1917 w-is 11 ivnisis rsdmp (menSevikebis) amierkavkasiis VI yriloba­
ze arCeul iqna amierkavkasiis social-demokratiuli organizaciebis
saolqo komitetis wevrad 12, 36

446
T
Tamar mefe _ giorgi III-is asuli, bagrationTa samefo dinastiis war­
momadgeneli, saqarTvelos monarqi 1184 wlidan 397
TayaiSvili eqvTime simonis Ze _ (wminda eqvTime RvTiskaci), qarTve­
li mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe, istorikosi, akademikosi, Tbilisi
saxelmwifo universitetis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. ozurgeTis samaz­
ro saswavleblisa da quTaisis klasikuri gimnaziis dasrulebis Sem­
deg, 1887 daamTavra peterburgis saimperatoro universitetis isto­
ria-filologiis fakulteti, iqve moipova mec­nierebaTa kandidatis
xarisxic. aqtiurad monawileobda, saqarTvelos erovnul-demokra­
tiuli partiis dafuZnebaSi, 1917 wels iyo saqarTvelos pirveli
erovnuli yrilobis delegati, gaxda sabWos wevri, uZRveboda sabWos
sabiblioTeko komisias, 1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
ri, arCeuli iyo krebis Tavmjdomaris moad­giled, aseve muSaobda
damfuZnebeli krebis saxalxo ganaTlebis, xelovnebis komisiebSi.
(erovnul-demokratiuli partia), qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gam­
avrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, saqarTvelos saistorio da saeT­
nografio sazogadoebis damaarsebeli da Tavmjdomare. misi Taosno­
biT dafuZnda saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi 7, 49, 77, 83, 105, 119, 189,
217, 241, 281, 309, 317, 351,361, 371, 391, 423
TevzaZe sardion onisimes Ze _ ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo. 1904 wli­
dan Sedis ruseTis social-demokratiul partiaSi, 1917 wlidan saqa­
rTvelos erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg damfuZnebeli krebis wevria.
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri.
1924 wlis ajanyebis monawile. saqarTvelos bolSevikuri okupaciis
Semdeg saqarTvelo ar dautovebia 329
TeTri giorgi _ wminda giorgi, Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi
yvelaze popularuli wmindani 62
TofuriZe diomide aleqsandres Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, so­
cial-demokrati, Jurnalisti, iuristi. umaRlesi ganaTleba Jenevis da
parizis iuridiul fakultetebze miiRo. erTxans iyo gaz. „kvalis~ re­
daqtori. Semdeg rusul gamocemebSi muSaobda saratovsa da moskovSi.
1903 monawileoba miiRo rsdmp-is II yrilobaze da miemxro menSevikebs.
iyo amierkavkasiis da Semdeg saqarTvelos momaragebis komitetis Tav­
mjdomare. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWo­
sa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. 1919 wels airCies quTaisis qalaqis
Tavad. 1919 wels muSaobda baTumSi saqarTvelos demokratiuli res­
publikis diplomatiuri misiis xelmZRvaneblad. iyo CarTuli baTumSi
myof inglisis warmomadgenlebTan molaparakebebSi, sadac ara erTxel
daisva rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis, aseve,saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis de faqto da de iure aRiarebis
sakiTxi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis wevri 8, 9, 93, 116, 191, 213, 214, 215, 337, 357, 358, 359

447
Toma urwmuno _ qristes Tormet mociqulTagani 98

i
ilini _ baqos muSaTa kavSiris warmomadgeneli 14
iremaSvili ioseb giorgis Ze (parTenaSvili) _ pedagogi, poli­
tikosi, 1898 wlidan iyo rsdm partiis wevri. daamTavra goris sasu­
liero seminaria da swavla Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi gaagrZe­
la. aswavlida goris sasuliero seminariaSi. 1911 w-s i. iremaSvili
iakob gogebaSvilma sakuTari xarjiT gagzavna kievSi saswavleblad,
sadac daamTavra kievis komerciuli instituti, misi moTxrobebi
ibeWdeboda: „xomlSi`, „naperwkalSi`, „axal azrSi`, „Cven gazeTSi~
da sxva gamocemebSi. 1919 wels gaxda damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis saTadarigo siidan), iyo duSeTis komisa­
ri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wev­
ri. 1922 w-s bolSevikebma daapatimres da sxva social-demokratebTan
erTad qveynidan gaasaxles. emigraciaSi yofnisas dawera wigni
„stalini da saqarTvelos tragedia’’, romelSic mwvaved akritikebda
Tavis yofil megobarsa da Tanamoazres i. stalins 111, 114, 136, 282,
283, 308, 311, 312, 365, 396, 402, 405, 407, 408, 418
iuda _ iuda iskarioteli, qristes Tormet mociqulTagani 153, 154

k
kalaZe ermaloz Tedores Ze _ social-demokrati, ganaTleba jer
ojaxSi, Semdeg ki soflis saswavlebelSi miiRo. 1905 wlidan iyo
rsdmp-s menSevikebis fraqciis wevri, 1919 wels airCies saqarTve­
los demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad (so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. 1917-1921 wlebSi iyo sax­
alxo gvardiis Sorapnis Stabis wevri 401, 402
kandelaki konstantine platonis Ze _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis saxelmwifo moRvawe. daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sem­
inaria da moskovis komerciuli instituti. iyo finansTa da vaWro­
ba-mrewvelobis ministris moadgile (1918-1919) da Semdeg (1919-1921)
ministri, didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respub­
likis fulis niSnis (bonis) mimoqcevaSi SemoRebis mizaniT Catarebul
mosamzadebel samuSaoSi. misi faqsimile dafiqsirebuli iyo qarTuli
qaRaldis niSnis yvela nominalze. misi saqmianobis Sedegad im perio­
dis qarTuli maneTi mezobel qveynebTan SedarebiT stabilur kurss
inarCunebda. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis wevri 210, 329
kantemiri _ rusi mwerali 29
karpoviCi _ xazinis rkinis gzis liandagis ufrosi 44, 45, 47

448
kaCxoevi _ bolSeviki 14, 20
kedia spiridon malxazis Ze _ publicisti, saqarTvelos erov­
nul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da Tavmjdo­
mare; swavlobda sorbonis universitetSi, daamTavra monpelies
universiteti da muSaobda fiziologiaSi doqtoris xarisxis mo­
sapoveblad. 1917 wels Camoayaliba erovnul-demokratiuli parti­
is saorganizacio mTavari komiteti; 1917 wels airCies erovnuli
sabWos wevrad, monawileobda amierkavkasia-osmaleTis baTumis sa­
zavo konferenciaSi, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis saarCevno da
sakonstitucio komisiaSi; 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis
deputatad; iyo sakonstitucio, TviTmmarTvelobis da adgilo­
brivi mmarTvelobis mudmivi komisiebis wevri; parlamentSi Camoay­
aliba memarjvene opozicia da mudmivad akritikebda xelisuflebis
saqmianobis xarvezebs, miuTiTebda Secdomebze, gansakuTrebiT qvey­
nis Tavdacvis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT
momzadda konstituciis Tavi „saxelmwifo Tavdacva`. iyo qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 35, 50,
51, 56, 58, 59, 61, 64, 129, 130, 132, 227, 230, 231, 239, 262, 278, 300, 310,
354, 387, 389, 394, 395, 418, 425, 431
kerenski aleqsandre Tedores Ze _ rusi politikuri moRvawe, 1917
wlis Tebervlis revoluciis erT-erTi lideri, droebiTi mTavrobis
meTauri, usticiis ministri. oqtombris gadatrialebis Semdeg aqti­
ur monawileobas iRebda bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg dawyebul brZola­
Si. molaparakebebs awarmoebda antantis saxelmwifoebTan ruseTis
saSinao saqmeebSi Carevisa da antibolSevikuri moZraobisTvis dax­
marebis Taobaze 251, 262, 268, 320, 325, 334, 335
kikvaZe Tedore (Tevdore) gabrielis Ze _ pedagogi, social-­
demokrati. daasrula Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. aqtiurad
werda Jurnal „kvalSi`, iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri, ganaTlebis muSakTa profesiuli kavSirisa
da ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebuli saskolo komitetis da sais­
torio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis wevri (1912 wlidan); qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisis ganyo­
filebis mudmivi wevri; saqarTvelos gasabWoebis Semdeg, 1921 wlidan
muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis komisariatSi, samxedro kooperativSi,
leqciebs kiTxulobda qarTul enaSi samxatvro akademiaSi, rusul
enas aswavlida pedagogiur institutSi 107, 143, 144, 148, 378
kiRuraZe lavrenti (lavrosi) pavles Ze _ fizika-maTematikosi,
ganaTleba iurievis universitetSi miiRo. iyo rsdmp-s wevri, aqti­
urad monawileobda 1905 wlis revoluciur moZraobaSi qalaq soxum­
Si. 1919 wlidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe­
li krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis siiT, iyo agraruli
da sabiujeto-safinanso komisiebis wevri. arCeuli iyo qalaq foTis

449
sabWos xmosnad da sabWos Tavmjdomared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 104
klemanso JorJ benJamin _ gamoCenili frangi politikosi, saxel­
mwifo moRvawe, Jurnalisti da safrangeTis respublikis premier-­
ministri 51, 160, 169, 170, 183, 184, 186
kolCaki aleqsandre vasilis Ze _ saerTaSoriso antibolSevikuri
armiis generali, rusi samxedro da politikuri moRvawe, mec­nieri da
polaruli mkvlevari, okeanografi, ruseTis samoqalaqo omSi TeTrg­
vardiuli moZraobis erT-erTi lideri. ruseTis umaRlesi mmarTveli
da rusuli armiis mTavarsardali (1918 wlis noemberi 1920 wlis ian­
vari). ruseT-iaponiisa da pirveli msoflio omis mona­wile wm. gior­
gis kavaleri, admirali (1918) 60, 61, 152
konievi g. g. _ qalaqis mouravis amxanagi 14
kori _ ingliseli generali 156
kres fon kresenSteini fridrix (germ. Friedrich Siegmund Georg Frei-
herr Kreß von Kressenstein) _ germaniis samxedro moRvawe, generali. ger­
manuli misiis xelmZRvaneli. pirveli msoflio omis dros Sedioda
germeneli generlebisa da oficrebis jgufSi, romlebic meTaurobd­
nen osmaneTis imperiis armias 180
krivoSeini a. v. _ ruseTis imperiis miwaTmoqmedebisa da miwaTmowyo­
bis ministri (mmarTveli) 411
krilovi ivane andrias Ze _ rusi meigave 40
kuk-kolisi jeims normani _ ingliseli samxedro moRvawe, ge­nerali
71, 163

l
langTemuri, Temur lengi _ gaTurqebuli monRoli Sua aziidan,
saxelmwifo moRvawe da mxedarTmTavari, emiri 126
lasali ferdinand – germaneli filosofosi, iuristi da politi­
kuri moRvawe 431
lasxiSvili giorgi mixeilis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado moR­
vawe, publicisti, daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da Sevida
odesis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, saidanac student­
Ta xalxosnuri organizaciis wevrobisTvis garicxes. iyo saqar­
Tvelos socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi damaarsebeli
da lideri, safuZveli Cauyara „axalgazrda iverielebis~ erovnul-­
radikalur mimdinareobas, 1900-dan iyo partiuli gazeTis „cnobis
furclis~ da sxva organoebis faqtobrivi redaqtori. 1905 wels
parizSi yofnisas iyo gazeT „saqarTvelos~ erT-erTi redaqtori.
pirvel erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, iyo

450
prezidiumis wevri, Sedioda damoukidebeli saqarTvelos e.w. droe­
biTi koaliciuri mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSi, ekava ganaTlebis minis­
tris posti. misi reformebiT moxda qarTuli skolis nacionalizacia
_ „gaerovneba`, maswavlebelTa mosamzadebeli kursebis Seqmna qar­
Tul enaze swavlebisaTvis da sxv. 1919 wels airCies umaRlesi sakanon­
mdeblo organos _ damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad socialist-federal­
istTa partiidan; Sedioda sakonstitucio komisiis SemadgenlobaSi.
igi iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri 228
lataria _ xmosani 42
lebedevi _ socialist-revoliucionerTa partiis warmomadgeneli
155, 176, 184, 185
lenini (ulianovi) vladimer ilias Ze _ politikosi, mar­qsizmis
Teoretikosi, sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi (bolSevikuri) partiis
damaarsebeli, 1917 wels ruseTSi oqtombris gadatrialebis erT-er­
Ti lideri 13, 155, 180
linkolni abraam _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis rigiT me-16
prezidenti 431
loid jorji devid _ britaneli politikuri moRvawe, didi bri­
taneTis ukanaskneli premier-ministri liberaluri partiidan (1916-
1922). uinston CerCilis axlo megobari 51, 65, 100, 103, 170, 174, 184
lomTaTiZe aleqsandre spiridonis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe,
umaRlesi ganaTleba xarkovis universitetSi miiRo, sadac studen­
tur moZraobas xelmZRvanelobda da erT-erT saukeTeso oratorad
iTvleboda. iyo Tbilisis xmosani pirveli msoflio omis dros, so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis wevri, monawileobda sruliad ruseTis
sabWoebis yrilobis muSaobaSi, iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZne­
beli krebis wevri, arCeul iqna damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomar­
is moadgiled, faqtobrivad asrulebda Tavmjdomaris movaleobas,
radgan TviT Tavmjdomare, karlo CxeiZe, didi xniT evropaSi imyofe­
boda. aRniSnul postze a. loTaTiZem Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc Seu­
valma da miudgomelma Tavmjdomarem. damfuZnebeli krebis debatebs
is iSviaTi taqtiT xelmZRvanelobda da politikur wreebSi didi
avtoritetic moixveWa. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce­
lebeli sazogadoebis wevri 7, 49, 77, 83, 105, 119, 139, 189, 217, 241, 251,
287, 317, 351, 361, 371, 391, 399, 423
lorTqifaniZe eq. _ e.w. afxazeTis saxalxo janmrTelobis komi­sari
418
lui me-16 _ safrangeTis mefe 1774-1791 da navaris mefe 1774-1789
wlebSi. burbonTa dinastiis warmomadgeneli 252, 254

451
m
manilovi _ n. v. gogolis „mkvdari sulebi`-is erT-erTi gmiri 28
marqsi karl hainrix _ germ. Karl Marx; germaneli filosofosi, ekon­
omisti, istorikosi, politikuri Teoretikosi, sociologi, komu­
nisti da revolucioneri, romlis ideebsac efuZneba Tanamedrove
komunizmi. marqsma Seajama Tavisi midgoma komunisturi partiis mani­
festis pirvel TavSi, romelic 1848 wels gamoqveynda 128, 249, 255, 332
maslovi p. _ kadeti, ingliselebis mier Seqmnili samoqalaqo mmarT­
velobis struqturis, baTumis olqis marTvis sabWos xelmZRvaneli,
gamoirCeoda mkveTri antiqarTuli xasiaTiT 155
maRlakeliZe Salva nikolozis Ze _ politikosi, iuristi, saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis samxedro moRvawe. daamTavra
quTaisis gimnazia. Tbilisis iunkerTa saswavlebeli da mieniWa ruse­
Tis saimperio armiis oficris wodeba. I msoflio omis dawyebis gamo
ver daasrula moskovis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti.
mogvianebiT, daamTavra praRis universitetis iuridiuli fakulte­
ti da Semdeg daicva sadoqtoro disertacia. 1917 wlis ruseTSi mom­
xdari Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg iyo axalcixis garnizonis samxe­
dro prezidiumis Tavmjdomare. amierkavkasiis komisariatma daniSna
samuslimano saqarTvelos sruluflebian rwmunebulad samxedro da
samoqalaqo saqmeebSi. misi gonivruli moqmedebis Sedegad, qarTul­
ma saxelmwifom moaxerxa am ZirZveli istoriuli mxaris SenarCuneba.
sxvadasxva dros (1919-1921) msaxurobda axalcixis, Tbilisisa da af­
xazeTis general-gubernatorad. 1934 wlidan cxovrobda parizSi, iyo
damfuZnebeli da xelmZRvaneli araerTi emigrantuli organizaciisa,
maT Soris „TeTri giorgisa`. eweoda aqtiur politikur saqmianobas.
mis mizans warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena
germaniis mxardaWeriT. II msoflio omis periodSi iyo germaniis Sei­
araRebuli Zalebis generaluri Stabis samxedro mrCeveli, berlin­
Si moqmedi qarTuli erovnuli komitetisa da qarTuli samokavSireo
Stabis wevri. iyo vermaxtis qarTuli legionis meTauri, miniWebuli
hqonda vermaxtis general-maioris wodeba. misi TaosnobiT daRupvas
gadaurCa aTasobiT qarTveli samxedro tyve, sabWoTa armiis yofili
samxedro mosamsaxureni 274
maWavariani ioseb konstantines Ze (kvimati) _ iuristi, nafici
veqili, saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis TvalsaCino
wevri. daasrula peterburgis saimperatoro universitetis iurid­
iuli fakulteti. samSobloSi dab­runebisTanave CaerTo sazogadoe­
briv da publicistur saqmianobaSi, Tanam­Sromlobda gazeT „cnobis
furcelSi`. 1909 wlidan iyo qar­TvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrce­
lebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wevri. 1917 wels edp-is damfuZnebel
yrilobaze airCies partiis mTavari komitetisa da misi prezidium­

452
is wevrad, aseve edp-is Tavmjdomaris moad­giled. 1918 wels airCies
erovnuli sabWos wevrad, arCeuli iyo sabWos mudmivmoqmed iurid­
iul komisiaSi; 1919 wels edp-s siiT arCeul iqna saqarTvelos dam­
fuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo krebis iuridiuli komisiis wevri
52, 59, 65, 157, 162, 163, 169, 172, 178, 179, 183, 239
maxaraZe gerasime Tomas Ze _ politikosi, diplomati, miiRo saSu­
alo ganaTleba, swavlobda peterburgis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze. 1918 wlis Tebervlidan iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri.
1918 wels dainiSna damoukidebeli saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa min­
istris pirvel moadgiled. iyo erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, amasTan erTad iyo
Tbilisis muSaTa deputatebis sabWos erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli. mis mier
parlamentSi ramdenime kanon-proeqti iqna Setanili. 1919 wlis ivlis­
Si dainiSna somxeTis respublikaSi saqarTvelos warmomadgenlad,
1920 wels ki _ saqarTvelos elCad sabWoTa ruseTSi 86, 120, 121, 131
mgelaZe dimitri _ amierkavkasiis antiqarTuli qmedebebiT gamor­
Ceuli e.w. „tuzemni korpusis~ warmomadgeneli guriidan 153, 154
mgelaZe vlasa darispanis Ze (partiuli metsaxeli „tria`) _
politikuri moRvawe, karlo CxeiZesTan erTad monawileoba miiRo ba­
Tumis soc. demokratiuli organizaciebis CamoyalibebaSi. Cabmuli
iyo „mesame dasis~ saqmianobaSi. 1907 w-is seqtemberSi, ilia WavWavaZis
dasaflavebaze, man muSebis saxeliT warmoTqva gamosaTxovari sityva.
1908 wels evropaSi yofnis dros, urTierTobda ruseTis soc.dem. moZ­
raobis liderebTan: plexanovTan, aqselrodTan da sxv. monawileobda
sparseTis revoluciaSi. 1918-1921ww. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis saxalxo komisari 55, 90, 121, 124, 128, 134, 157, 181, 183
mdivani svimon gurgenis Ze _ (cnobili bolSevikis _ budu mdivnis
Zma), pirveldawyebiTi ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg swavla quTaisis
klasikur gimnaziaSi ganagrZo. umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo odesis
universitetis sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze. 1905 wela dabrunda
saqarTveloSi da SeuerTda socialist-federalistTa partias. iyo
qalaq baTumis TviTmmarTvelobis xmosani, baTumis saolqo komitetis
Tavmjdomare. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris
moadgiled social-federalistTa partiis kvotiT, Tavmjdomare­
obda damfuZnebeli krebis gareSe saqmeTa komisias. iyo saqarTvelos
pirveli elCi somxeTis respublikaSi. 1921 wels mTavrobam wargzavna
elCad TurqeTSi _ qemalis mTavrobisTvis unda mietana saqarTvelos­
gan TurqeTis cnobis firmani. igi mTeli cxovreba amayobda imiT, rom
pirveli iyo elCebs Soris, vinc TurqeTs Tavisufleba miuloca. iyo
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri
7, 48, 49, 77, 115, 119, 139, 150, 158, 162, 167, 176, 179, 183, 189, 217, 225,
238, 281, 287, 309, 317, 351, 353, 361, 370, 371, 394, 399, 400, 423, 438

453
mesia _ ebraulad „maSiax`, qriste anu cxebuli 322
mesxiSvili Salva (ix. aleqsi-mesxiSvili) 56, 57, 431, 437
mexmandarovi samedbek _ azerbaijanis mTavrobis warmomadgeneli,
samxedro ministri artileriis generali. 1914 wlis dekemberSi dain­
iSna me-11 kavkasiuri saarmio korpusis meTaurad 221, 223
miliukovi pavle nikolozis Ze _ ruseTis imperiis cnobili poli­
tikuri moRvawe, liberaluri opoziciis warmomadgeneli, istoriko­
si da publicisti, ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis sagareo saqmeTa
ministri 1917 wels. samoqalaqo omis aqtiuri monawile. denikinis
warmomadgeneli parizSi. konstituciur-demokratiuli partiis,
saxalxo Tavisuflebis partiis, kadetTa partiis lideri 255
miunxhauzeni _ rudolf erix raspes cnobili literaturuli gmiri
„baroni miunxhauzeni~ 184.
murvan yru (murvan II) _ murvan ibn muhamed ibn murvani, omaianTa di­
nastiis ukanaskneli xalifa 126

n
naTaZe grigol (gigo) iasonis Ze _ qarTveli istorikosi, msof­
lios istoriis dargebis fuZemdebeli da medievistikis pirveli
warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi, profesori (1926), saqarTvelos ssr
mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, swavlobda Tbilisis qarTul
saTavadaznauro gimnaziaSi, Semdeg vaJTa meore gimnaziaSi. 1898
Sevida kievis universitetis istoria-filologiis fakultetze,
saidanac studentur demonstraciebSi monawileobisaTvis, 1901-
1902 ww-Si, orjer garicxes universitetidan. mcire xniT swavla ga­
nagrZo Jenevis universitetSi. sabolood, 1907 eqsternad daamTavra
moskovis universiteti. aswavlida jer Tbilisis, Semdeg quTaisis
qarTul saTavadaznauro gimnaziebSi da saxalxo universitetebSi.
iyo wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli da saeTnografio-saistorio sazo­
gadoebebis wevri, TanamSromlobda qarTul presaSi. 1917 w-is Teber­
val-martis demokratiuli revoluciis Semdeg g. naTaZe aqtiurad
monawileobda saqarTvelos politikur procesebSi, jer rogorc
rusuli eserTa partiis, 1918 w-dan ki saqarTvelos eserTa partiis
TvalsaCino wevri. 1918 w-is maisSi airCies damoukidebeli saqarT­
velos erovnuli sabWos gafarToebul SemadgenlobaSi. iyo saqa­
rTvelos damfuZnebeli krebisa da eserTa partiis fraqciis wevri,
(soc. revolucioneruli partia, fraqciis mdivani). imavdroulad,
ganagrZobda pedagogiur moRvaweobas. muSaobda saxalxo ganaTlebis
saministroSi, xelmZRvanelobda saskolo dawesebulebaTa sammarTve­
los. 1919 miiwvies Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sadac gar­
dacvalebamde kiTxulobda leqciebs da iyo Sua saukuneebis istori­

454
is kaTedris gamge 7, 8, 9, 49, 77, 83, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109,119, 122, 139,
159, 189, 217, 281, 287, 317, 351, 361, 371, 399
naTaZe leo (levan) iasonis Ze. _ politikosi, social-demokra­
ti, Jurnalisti. daamTavra 4 klasi saTavadaznauro skolaSi, me-5-8
klasebi Tbilisis mesame gimnaziaSi, xolo umaRlesi ganaTleba peter­
burgis universitetSi miiRo. iyo gaz. „Борьба~-s da social-demokra­
tiuli gazeTis `erTobis~ redaqtori. kavkasiis samoswavlo olqis ko­
misari. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWosa
da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri (social-demokratiuli partia), aqti­
ur sakanonmdeblo muSaobas eweoda ganaTlebis sistemis reformire­
bis xelSewyobis kuTxiT. monawileobda respublikis konstituciis
SemuSavebaSi. saqarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo­
gadoebis wevri. sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdego­
bis moZraobaSi 23, 108, 277, 406
naTiSvili (naTievi) aleqsandre _ general-maiori, 1918 wels ga­
davida denikinis moxaliseTa armiaSi, sadac naTiSvili CrdiloeT
kavkasiis moxaliseTa armiis formirebebis inspeqtorad daniSnes.
aleqsandre naTiSvili 1919 wlis gazafxulze baTumSi miavlines
– „amierkavkasiis mkvidrTa korpusis~ Sesadgenad da saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis winaaRmdeg samxedro moqmedebebis mo­
samzadeblad 140. 150, 153, 154, 176, 177, 254, 261
napoleon bonaparte _ safrangeTis imperatori 1804-1814 da 1815
wlebSi 197
nexludovi dimitri ivanes Ze _ Tavadi, l. n. tolstois ukanaskneli
romanis, „aRdgoma~ personaJi 373
nikita (savaraudod dezertiri) 258
nikolaZe nikoloz (niko) iakobis Ze _ didi qarTveli sazogado da
politikuri moRvawe, `TergdaleulTa~ brwyinvale warmomadgeneli,
publicisti, kritikosi, iuristi, samarTlis doqtori. daamTavra
quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da 1861 swavla peterburgis univer­
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze ganagrZo. studentur demonstra­
ciebSi monawileobis gamo daapatimres, universitets CamoaSores,
peterburgSi cxovreba aukrZales da saqarTveloSi gamoistumres.
monawileobda saqarTveloSi mimdinare Zvel da axal TaobaTa (mama­
Ta da SvilTa) Soris gamarTul ideur-politikur brZolaSi. 1864
safrangeTSi gaemgzavra da sorbonis universitetSi Cairicxa. swav­
lobda JenevaSic, dasrulebiT ki 1868 ciurixis universiteti daas­
rula. iqve naSromisaTvis „ganiaraReba da misi ekonomikur-socialu­
ri mniSvneloba~ samarTlis doqtoris kvalifikacia miiRo. 1887-1891
ww.-Si saTaveSi edga TbilisSi gamomaval rusulenovan gazeT „Новое
обозрение~-s, Semdeg gamoscemda Jurnal „moambes~ 1894-1912 ww-Si iyo
foTis qalaqis Tavi da didi Rvawli dasdo portisa da qalaqis mod­

455
ernizacias. saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partiis erT-erTi
damfuZnebeli. 1917 wlis ivnisSi edp-is pirvel yrilobaze yrilobis
sapatio Tavmjdomared airCies. 1917 wlis noemberSi iyo saqarTve­
los pirveli erovnuli yrilobis delegati. yrilobam igi erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, sabWom ki Tavisi aRmasrulebeli komitetis
wevrobis kandidatad airCia. 1918 w-is maisSi, rogorc amierkavkasiis
delegaciis wevrma, monawileoba miiRo baTumis sazavo konferencia­
Si baTumSi qarTveli delegatebis germaniis delegaciasTan daaxloe­
bam daaCqara saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRd­
genis gamocxadeba, raSic TvalsaCino wvlili n. nikolaZes miuZRvis.
aqve Seadgina saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aqtis erT-erTi pro­
eqti, romelic baTumSi Casul n. Jordanias gadasca.1918 wlis 27-28
maiss CarTuli iyo saqarTvelosa da germanias Soris foTis droebi­
Ti SeTanxmebis gaformebaSi.samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis gaweuli
RvawlisaTvis saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetma n. nikolaZe
Tamar mefis ordeniT daajildova. 1919 w-is TebervalSi, edp-s siiT,
airCies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis deputatad, iyo krebis
gzaTa komisiis wevri. 1920 w-is aprilSi deputatobisagan ganTavisu­
flda, radgan miavlines evropaSi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri misiis
wevrad. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis foTisa da Tbilisis ganyofilebaTa wevri 184
nikolozi, nikoloz II aleqsandres Ze _ ruseTis ukanaskneli im­
peratori (1894-1917 wlebSi). poloneTis mefe, fineTis didi hercogi.
misi mmarTveloba 1917 wels ruseTis revoluciiT dasrulda 176, 185,
293, 320, 325
niniZe kirile ieses Ze _ rsdmp-s wevri, menSvikuri fraqciis wevri;
swavlobda dorpatis universitetSi. 1908 wlidan qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, iyo am sazogadoe­
bis mdivani xonsa da xaSurSi. erovnuli sabWos wevri 1918 wlidan, 1919
wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wevri, damoukidebeli social-demokra­
tiuli fraqciis wevri. 1920 w-dan akritikebda social-demokrati­
uli partiis moqmedebas da partiis SigniT opoziciur jgufs saTave­
Si Caudga. partias ZiriTadad mTavrobisa da centraluri komitetis
gaumijnaobaSi adanaSaulebda. 1920 w-is bolos ramdenime pirTan er­
Tad gamoeyo social-demokratiul partias. maT gamosces jer gaze­
Ti „axali sxivi`, xolo Semdeg, 1921 wels, Seqmnes damoukidebeli
social-demokratiuli fraqcia damfuZnebel krebaSi, am jgufs „sxi­
v­elebi~ ewoda. aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli 1924 w-is ajanyebaSi. iyo sam­
xedro komisiis wevri. advokatobas uwevda saqarTvelos kaTolikos
patriarq ambrosi xelaias 22, 28, 39, 90, 101
noe _ aq igulisxmeba noe ramiSvili 328
noeebi _ igulisxmeba n. Jordania da n. ramiSvili 39
normani _ ingliseli kapitani 71

456
nucubiZe ilia daviTis Ze _ daamTavra quTaisis sasuliero sas­
wavlebeli. swavlobda kievis komerciul institutSi. iyo ruseTis
socialist-revolucionerTa partiis wevri, 1918 wlis maisSi Se­
qmnili saqarTvelos socialist-revolucionerTa partiis erT-er­
Ti lideri. Sedioda partiis centraluri organos, gazeT „Sromis~
saredaqcio kolegiaSi.1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos demokrati­
uli respublikis erovnuli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi, 1919 wels air­
Cies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad, Sedioda eserTa partiis xuTkacian
fraqciaSi 14, 21, 104, 112, 187, 197, 199, 277, 279
nucubiZe (Salva) varlam isakis Ze _ cnobili qarTveli filosofo­
si, sazogado moRvawe, mecnieri da mTargmneli, literaturaTmcodne,
kulturis istorikosi, qarTuli filosofiis istoriis mecnieruli
skolis fuZemdebeli, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademiko­
si. 1910 daamTavra peterburgis universitetis istoria-filologi­
is fakulteti filosofiis ganxriT. 1911-1914 ww-Si iyo laifci­
gis universitetis studenti. laifcigSi yofnis dros Camoayaliba
originaluri filosofiuri moZRvreba _ aleTologia. 1915 mieni­
Wa aRniSnuli universitetis filosofiis doqtoris xarisxi. 1916-
1918 ww-Si peterburgis universitetis leqtoria. iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos da damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri saqarTvelos memarcxene social-federalistTa partiidan.
partia gamoeyo ZiriTad partias da 1921-1923 ww-Si TanamSromlob­
da bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan, Tumca mkacrad akritikebda maT
erovnul politikas. S. nucubiZe iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 30, 37

o
odiSeliZe ilia zurabis Ze _ generali. saqarTvelos demokrati­
uli respublikis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali, samxedro
sabWos wevri, ruseT-iaponiis omis monawile. daamTavra Tbilisis
kadetTa korpusi. swavla moskovSi aleqsandres saxelobis me-3 samxe­
dro saswavlebelSi ganagrZo. 1891-1894 w-Si swavlobda generaluri
Stabis nikolozis saxelobis akademiaSi.1914-1916 wlebSi 1-li armiis
Stabis ufrosia, 1917 wels 2/X dainiSna kavkasiis armiis mTavarsard­
lad. 1920.13.12.-1921.16.02. wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis mTavarsardali; damoukidebeli saqarTvelos sazavo deleg­
aciis wevri; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis wevri 221, 223
oniaSvili daviT efremis Ze _ erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri, social-demokratiuli partiidan, menSeviki. saSualo
ganaTleba miiRo goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi, SemdgomSi swav­
la ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. umaRlesi iuridiuli
ganaTleba miiRo iurievis (tartus) da laifcigis universiteteb­

457
Si. 1904 SeurTda social-demokratiul partias. 1918 w-is Teber­
val-maisSi iyo amierkavkasiis seimis wevri, social-demokratebis
fraqciis saxeliT. 1918 w-is 22 aprils amierkavkasiis damoukide­
blobis gamocxadebis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba seimis sxdomaze
swored man gaakeTa. 1917 saqarTvelos erovnul yrilobaze airCies
erovnuli sabWos wevrad social-demokratiuli partiis siiT. xeli
moawera 26 maisis damoukideblobis aqts. erovnul sabWoSi asruleb­
da mdivnis movaleobas. eweoda aqtiur sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas,
iyo araerTi kanonis iniciatori. 1919 w-is TebervalSi airCies dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi xelmZ­
Rvanelobda krebis iuridiul komisias, aseve iyo TviTmmarTvelo­
bisa da safinanso komisiis wevri. 1920 w-is 3 dekembers saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis miwaTmoqmedebis ministrad dainiSna.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
mudmivi wevri, Tbilisis, gorisa da foTis ganyofilebis wevri.
sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
okupaciis Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi. aqtiurad monawileobda
winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi. iyo social-demokratebis aralegalu­
ri centraluri komitetis wevri. monawileobda damoukideblobis
komitetis saqmianobaSi da CarTuli iyo ajanyebis momzadebis pro­
cesSi 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104, 113, 275, 279, 282, 286, 288, 289,
313, 314, 318, 339, 341

p
panievi (fanianci) konstantine abgeris Ze _ social-demokrati.
rsdm partiis wevri 1905 w-dan. Tavdapirvelad bolSevikuri partiis
wevri iyo. 1918 airCies soxumis qalaqis sabWoSi. 1919 w-is Teberval­
Si social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad airCies. Sedioda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da safinanso-sa­
biujeto komisiebSi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis gamgeobis wevri. qalaq­
is TviTmarTvelobis sasursaTo ganyofofilebis gamge. sabWoTa ok­
upaciis Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 104
piSoni stefan Jan mari _ klemansos dros safrangeTis respublikis
sagareo saqmeTa ministri. aqtiurad monawileobda parizis samSvido­
bo konferenciis muSaobaSi 1919 wels. „aTTa sabWos~ wevri, safran­
geTis saxeliT xeli moawera versalis SeTanxmebas. Ria mtrul pozi­
cias gamoxatavda sabWoTa ruseTis winaaRmdeg da masTan nebismieri
molaparakebis winaaRmdegi iyo 51
petre _ petre I didi _ ruseTis ukanaskneli mefe (1682 wlidan) da
sruliad ruseTis pirveli imperatori (1721 wlidan) 293
poRosovi _ bolSeviki 20, 22, 37

458
J
Jordania noe nikolozis Ze _ qarTuli social-demokratiis aR­
iarebuli lideri, publicisti, Teoretikosi, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. monawileobda
pirveli qarTuli marqsistuli organizaciis „mesame dasis~ dafuZne­
baSi. daamTavra Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria. swavlobda varSavis
veterinarul institutSi. 1903 wels iyo rsdmp kavkasiis kavSiris
komitetis wevri, imave wels saTaTbiro xmiT monawileobda rsdmp II
yrilobaSi da miemxro menSevikebs. im periodSi mkveTrad daupiris­
pirda erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis moTxovnas saqarTve­
los avtonomiis formiT. 1905-1907 ww. Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT
warmoebda ideur-organizaciuli brZola bolSevizmis winaaRmdeg.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg saTaveSi Caudga axali xeli­
suflebis revoluciur organoebs. 1917 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos
pirvel erovnul yrilobaze airCies erovnuli sabWos, aRmasrule­
beli komitetisa da prezidiumis Tavmjdomared. 1918 wlis 26 maiss
n. Jordaniam erovnuli sabWos saxeliT saqarTvelos damoukide­
blba gamoacxada. 1919 wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebSi so­
cial-demokratiuli partiis saarCevno siis pirveli nomeri iyo. 21
martidan damfuZnebelma krebam saqarTvelos damoukidebeli demokra­
tiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomared airCia 29, 103, 428
Joresi Jan _ frangi politikuri moRvawe, 1902 wels saTaveSi Caudga
safrangeTis socialistur partias. 1905 wlidan gaerTianebuli so­
cialisturi partiis erT-erTi lideri 126, 127, 175
Jofri Jozef Jak sezer _ safrangeTis jaris mTavarsardali, gener­
alisimusi 160
Juruli giorgi durmiSxanis Ze _ saqarTvelos erovnul-­
demokratiuli partiis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli; daamTavra
Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi da imave wels gaemgzavra safrangeTSi,
parizis samTo institutSi agronomiis Sesaswavlad. Semdeg daasru­
la moskovis petrovsko-razumovskis sasoflo-sameurneo akademia
1893 wels. samSobloSi dabrunebisTanave CaerTo sazogadoebriv da
publicistur saqmianobaSi. iyo gazeT „iveriis~ TanamSromeli (Se­
dioda „axalgazrda iverielebad~ wodebul jgufSi). 1897-1903 ww-Si
iyo cenzori kavkasiis sacenzuro komitetSi, arCeuli iyo qarTu­
li saskolo komitetisa da saTavadaznauro-saadgilmamulo bankis
zedamxedveli komitetis wevrad, aseve dramatuli sazogadoebis gam­
geobaSi. 1905-1906 wwSi i. WavWavaZesa da n. nikolaZesTan erTad Sedi­
oda peterburgSi wargzavnil delegaciaSi, romelmac saxelmwifo
sabWosagan amierkavkasiisaTvis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros arCevnebSi
monawileobis ufleba moiTxova. 1910-1913 wlwbSi iyo baTumis qalaq­
is Tavi; Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos xmosani, gamgeobis wevri da saf­
inanso komisiis Tavmjdomare; saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevri;

459
pirveli respublikis finansTa, vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ministri;
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri,
baTumis ganyofilebis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare 404

r
ramiSvili noe besarionis Ze _ social-demokratiuli partiis
erT-erTi lideri; kavkasiis glexTa deputatebis sabWoebis centris
Tavmjdomare, qarTvel menSevikTa ck-s wevri da am partiis organos,
gazeT „erTobis~ redaqtori. daamTavra ozurgeTis sasuliero sas­
wavlebeli. 1901 quTaisis sasuliero seminariis damTavrebis Sem­
deg, derptis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze Sevida, Tumca
revoluciur moZraobaSi monawileobisaTvis garicxes da 1902 saqa­
rTveloSi dabrunda. 1908-1909 ww-Si swavlobda laifcigis univer­
sitetSi (germania). Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg (1917) gaxda kavka­
siis glexTa deputatebis sabWoebis centris Tavmjdomare, qarTvel
menSevikTa ck-is wevri da am partiis organos, gazeT „erTobis~ re­
daqtori. igi cnobili iyo partiuli fsevdonimebiT: petre, semi­
onovi n. 1917 w-is noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos
wevrad. 1918 w-is 26 maiss, rodesac saqarTvelom damoukidebeli
saxelmwifoebrioba aRidgina, n. ramiSvilis meTaurobiT Seiqmna
saqarTvelos droebiTi mTavroba, Tumca erT TveSi, 24 ivniss, gadad­
ga da xelisufleba n. Jordanias gadasca. ramiSvilma Sinagan saqmeTa
ministris posti Caibara da, paralelurad, 1919 w-is ganmavlobaSi
iyo samxedro ministri. imave wels aseve airCies damfuZnebeli krebis
wevrad. misi xelmZRva­nelobiT mimdinareobda jaris reorganizacia,
ganaTlebis reforma, kavSirgabmulobis sferos ganviTareba, gansa­
kuTrebul yuradRebas iCenda Tbilisis universitetis mimarT. Sss
ministrobis dros ki uxelmZRvanela saqarTvelos mivardnil sof­
lebSi gzebis gayvanas, fosta-telegrafisa da skolebis aSenebas. man
mTeli Zalisxmeva mimarTa antisaxelmwifoebrivi aqciebisa da speku­
laciis winaaRmdeg brZolisaken. Ss saministroSi Camoayaliba gansa­
kuTrebuli razmi, romelsac qveyanaSi wesrigi unda daecva. razmma
didi roli Seasrula saxelmwifos uSiSroebisaTvis gamorCeuli
principulobisa da ukanonobasTan Seurigebeli brZolis gamo, da­
moukideblobis wlebSi zedmetsaxelad „rkinis ministri~ Searqves.
iyo Sinagan saqmeTa, samxedro da ganaTlebis ministri; saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis pirveli Tavmjdomare; qarTvelTa So­
ris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. qarTuli
emigraciis wevrebidan yvelaze aqtiurad uWrda mxars 1924 wlis
ajanyebas, CarTuli iyo poloneli xalxis antisabWoTa moZraobaSi
11, 53, 58, 221, 223, 252, 253, 273, 370
romanovski-romanko boris stefanes Ze _ kavkasiis samxed­ro olqis
jarebis sardlisa da kavkasiis mefisnacvlis adiutanti (21.09.1900),

460
general-maiori, baTumis olqis samxedro gubernatoris TanaSemwe
1906-1909 ww. da samxedro gubernatori 1909 – 1916 an 1917 ww.; 1912
wels qobuleTis sasoflo olqSi Seqmnil rusul axalSens, sadac kom­
li cxovrobda. (72 suli) romanovka mis pativsacemad uwodes 50, 163
rusia meliton ivanes Ze _ iuristi, ruseTis social-demokratiuli
muSaTa partiis wevri; saSualo ganaTleba lanCxuTSi miiRo, ris Sem­
degac kerZo pedagogoba daiwyo. saswavleblad xarkovSi gaemgzavra,
magram studentur gamosvlebSi monawileobis gamo saswavleblidan
garicxes. 1904 wels tfilisis social-demokratiuli muSaTa orga­
nizaciis wevri gaxda. muSaobda „menSevikebis~ fraqciaSi. 1917 wlis
noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1918 wlis
ganmavlobaSi iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamen­
tis wevri. 1919 wlis 12 marts airCies saqarTvelos respublikis dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa
partiis siiT. iyo TviTmmarTvelobis komisiis Tavmjdomare, iurdi­
uli, teqnikuri, centraluri saarCevno da sakonstitucio komisiebis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. – 298, 368, 378, 380.
ruso Jan-Jak (frang. Jean-Jacques Rousseau) _ frangi kompozitori,
filosofosi da ganmanaTlebeli. misma politikurma ideebma xeli Se­
uwyo socializmis Camoyalibebas da nacionalizmis gavrcelebas 250

s
sayvareliZe pavle daviTis Ze (n. saqareli) _ politikuri moR­
vawe, publicisti. umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo ruseTisa da Sveicari­
is universitetebSi. social-demokratiuli muSaRTa partiis „men­
Sevikebis~ fraqciis wevri. partiis imereT-samegrelos komitetis
wevri da organizatori; partiuli fsevdonimi _ „didi pavle`; so­
cial-demokrati („alioneli`); erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli
krebis wevri; iyo damfuZnebeli krebis sareglamento, saxelovnebo,
teqnikuri komisiebis wevri, sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomare.
ilaSqrebda osuri separatizmis winaaRmdeg. man uaryo e.w. „samxreT
oseTis~ erovnuli sabWos mier warmodgenil e.w. „samxreT oseTis~ kan­
tonis proeqti, romelic moiTxovda avtonomiur warmonaqmns ara mar­
to Sida qarTlis, aramed saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebzec (duSe­
Ti, raWa, Sorapani). qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli
sazogadoebis wevri, sarevizio komisiis wevri 249, 254, 283
server-begi (serverbeg aTabegov princ qoblianski) _ warmo­
SobiT qarTveli, iyvnen gvarad jayeli. serverbeg aTabegis mama iyo
axalcixis faSa. ruseTma gadmoibira es faSa, da misca tituli – princ
qoblianski adigenski da daarqves gvari aTabegov. Turqulad aTa –
mamaa. e. i. mama begebisa 141, 144

461
sirbilaZe ermaloz ivanes Ze (metsaxeli: emil) _ pedagogi. Tav­
dapirvelad saswavleblad Telavis skolaSi Sevida, Semdeg ki swavla
Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi ganagrZo. pedagogiur moRvaweoba
daiwyo duSeTis mazraSi, eweoda revoluciur propagandas. iyo dam­
fuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiis saTadari­
go siidan. iyo agraruli komisiis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi. 1919 wli­
dan xdeba saqarTvelos saxalxo gvardiis mTavari Stabis wevri. iyo
Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani 104
sulkeviCi mahomed suleimanis Ze _ general-leitenanti, ruseT-­
iaponiis omis monawile. pirvel msoflio omSi muslimuri cxe­nosani
korpusis meTauri iyo. (azerbaijanis mTavrobis warmomadgeneli, ge­
neralur Stabis ufrosi, generali) 1918 wlis ivnis-noemberSi yiri­
mis samxareo mTavrobis premier-ministria 221, 223
soloRaSvili ana (olRa) ilias asuli _ pedagogi, sazogado
moRvawe. daamTavra xarkovis universitetis istoria-filologiis
fakulteti istoriis specialobiT. 1903 w-dan iyo saqarTvelos so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis wevri. pedagogiur saqmianobas­
Tan erTad revoluciur gamosvlebSic monawileobda. marqsistul
ideebsa da aralegalur revoluciur literaturas acnobda saqa­
rTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebSi rvoluciurad ganwyobil muSebs, am
saqmeSi Cabmuli iyo ZmasTan _ grigolTan da dasTan _ evgeniasTan er­
Tad. misi TaosnobiT baTumSi gaixsna nuriis bazari, agreTve, wignT­
sacav-samkiTxvelo. 1917 w-is noemberSi airCies saqarTvelos erovnu­
li sabWos wevrad. iyo goris qalTa internacionaluri kavSiris
erT-erTi damfuZnebeli da gamgeobis wevri. 1918 w-s iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis wevri; 1919 wlis 12 mar­
tidan iyo damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli muSa­
Ta partiis siiT. iyo saredaqcio, sapensio da centraluri saarCevno
komisiebis wevri, sabiblioTeko komisiis mdivani. misi iniciativiTa
da moxsenebiT saqarTvelos damfuZnebelma krebam miiRo dekretebi
da kanonebi. iyo Tbilisis qalaqis sabWos xmosani; qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 85, 106, 120, 141,
188, 191, 242, 282, 284, 288, 313, 318, 352, 362, 425
stolipini petre arkadis Ze _ ruseTis imperiis mTavrobis Tavm­
jdomare XX saukunis dasawyisSi. ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo moR­
vawe, reformatori, oratori. sxvadasxva dros iyo Sinagan saqmeTa
ministri da mTavrobis meTauri. mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula ruse­
Tis 1905-1907 wlebis revoluciis CaxSobaSi 364, 411
surgulaZe petre rostomis Ze _ Jurnalisti, saqarTvelos Tavi­
suflebisaTvis aqtiuri mebrZoli, erovnul-demokratiuli partiis
erT-erTi damfuZnebeli. 1894 daamTavra Tbilisis aleqsandres saxe­
lobis saostato (samaswavleblo) instituti. pedagogiur saqmiano­
bas Seudga quTaisis progimnaziaSi gamge-maswavleblad, xolo Semdeg

462
muSaobda Tbilisis saTavadaznauro gimnaziis istoriis pedagogad.
1909 p. surgulaZis redaqtorobiT daarsda erovnul-demokrati­
uli mimarTulebis yovelkvireuli Jurnali „eri`, romelic Tergda­
leulTa Jurnalistur tradiciebs ganagrZobda da mTel Zalisxmevas
erovnuli interesebis dacvas axmarda. igi iyo damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, samxedro komisiis wevri. Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis droe­
biT komisiaSi, romelmac 1919 wlis martSi axalcixe-axalqalaqis maz­
rebSi server-begis xelmZRvanelobiT mowyobili ajanyebis mizezebi,
Sedegebi da regionSi arsebuli viTareba Seiswavla. xSirad aqveyneb­
da statiebs edp-s mTavar beWdviT organoSi, gazeT „saqarTveloSi~
saxelmwifoebrivi da samxedro aRmSeneblobis aqtualur sakiTxebze.
iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri, TurqeTSi emigraciaSi yofnis dros iyo edp-s sazRvargareTu­
li centraluri biuros wevri 263

t
tolstoi lev nikolozis Ze _ rusi mwerali, dramaturgi, filoso­
fosi, romanisti, pedagogi, sabavSvo mwerali, eseisti 28, 249, 268. 373
toma albert _ frangi politikosi da diplomati, socialisti, I
msoflio omis dros safrangeTis respublikis SeiaraRebis ministri,
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis damaarsebeli da Tavmjdomare,
versalis sazavo konferenciis monawile 174, 175

u
uaiti _ inglisis generali 69

f
faimsi _ inglisis polkovniki 69
farnaozi (farnavaz I) _ saqarTvelos pirveli erTiani saxelmwifos
damaarsebeli, anbanis gamavrcelebeli, qarTuli mwignobrobis fuZem­
debeli, farnavazianTa dinastiis damaarsebeli 126, 128
faRava giorgi (gogita) aqvsentis Ze _ rsdmp partiis menSevikebis
fraqciis wevri 1913 wlidan; swavlobda quTaisis saTavadaznauro
gimnaziaSi. umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad swavla moskovis univer­
sitetis iuridiul fakultetze gaagrZela. 1919 w-is TebervalSi saqa­
rTvelos social-demokratiuli partiis siiT airCies saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. 1919 w-is
12 marts damfuZnebeli krebis sazeimod gaxsnis sxdomaze. g. faRava,
rogorc yvelaze axalgazrda wevri, asrulebda mdivnis movaleobas.
social-demokratiuli partiis kvotiT iyo sakonstitucio komisiis
wevri. damoukideblobis periodSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli partiul

463
da saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaSi, xSirad mogzaurobda regionebSi
propagandistuli saqmianobis gasawevad. monawileobda raWasa da
leCxumSi arsebuli administrciis krizisis Semswavlel delegacia­
Si; saqarTvelos damoukideblobis komitetis pirveli Tavmjdomare,
qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvi­
li wevri, mudmivi wevri 75, 104, 342, 392
fircxalaiSvili ilia giorgis Ze _ eqimi, iuristi, social-­
demokrati, ganaTleba odesis universitetSi, samedicino fakulte­
tze miiRo, ris Semdegac social-demokratiuli organizaciis
muSaobaSi Caeba. 1903-1913 ww-Si swavlobda moskovis universitetSi
iuridiul fakultetze, muSaobda nafic msajulad. 1917 w-is revo­
luciis Semdeg quTaisis qalaqis komisari gaxda. amave wels airCies
saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos wevrad. 1919 wels airCies Tbilisis
qalaqis sabWos xmosnad, Semdgom ki -damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. Se­
dioda social-demokratebis fraqcia „axali sxivis~ jgufSi. iyo qa­
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri.
1921 w-is okupaciis Semdeg Caeba winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 87, 110,
120, 122, 149, 352, 353, 362, 394, 396
ficxelauri _ rkinigzis inJineri 44, 45
foSi ferdinand _ frangi samxedro moRvawe, safrangeTis marSali
pirvel msoflio omSi. erTaderTi adamiani safrangeTis istoriaSi,
romelic sami saxelmwifos _ safrangeTis, didi britaneTisa, polone­
Tis marSali gaxda 160

q
qiqoZe gerasime (geronti) dimitris Ze _ publicisti, mwe­rali,
kritikosi da mTargmneli, literaturaTmcodne. quTaisis realuri
saswavleblis dasrulebis Semdeg, 1903 w-dan swavlobda laifcigis,
Semdeg bernis universitetis filosofiis fakultetze, romelic
daamTavra 1912. Tavdapirvelad miemxro social-demokratiul mim­
dinareobas da iziarebda misi biolSevikuri frTis ideologias. mso­
flmxedveloba _ kosmopolituridan erovnul safuZvelze Seicvala
p. surgulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT JenevaSi Seqmnili „Tavisufali saqa­
rTvelos jgufis~ ideologiis gaziarebis Semdeg. iyo saqarTvelos
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis TvalsaCino wevri. 1917 wels air­
Cies erovnuli sabWos wevrad, iyo sakonstitucio, sabiujeto da saf­
inanso komisiebis wevri. redaqtorobda edp-is gazeT „saqarTvelos~
(1918-1919). 1919 w-is TebervalSi edp-is siiT gaxda saqarTvelos dam­
fuZnebeli krebis deputati. 1919 w-is maisSi edp-dan gavida, magram
damfuZnebel krebaSi darCa rogorc damoukidebeli deputati. 1921
w-is martSi saqarTvelos revkomma igi ramdenime moRvawesTan erTad
gagzavna baTumSi, raTa n. Jordania samSobloSi darCenaze daeyoli­
ebinaT, Tumca uSedegod. saqarTveloSi komunisturi reJimis dam­
yarebis Semdeg CamoSorda politikur saqmianobas. 1921-1922 ww-Si
iyo miwaTmoqmedebis saxalxo komisris moadgile, xolo Semdeg li­
teraturul da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo asparezze gadainacv­
la. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
nam­dvili wevri 394
qriste ieso nazareveli _ ieso nazareveli (berZn. Ίησους mironcx­
ebuli), ebr. ‫[ יהושע‬iehoSua] „gadarCena`, igive „mesia~ ebrauladqris­
tianuli eklesiis damfuZnebeli 86, 145

R
RambaSiZe daviT (daTiko) daviTis Ze _ politikuri da sazogado
moRvawe, diplomati, mecenati. jer kidev saqarTvelos damoukide­
blobis gamocxadebamde, ruseTis imperiis savaWro palatis warmomad­
geneli da antantis saxelmwifoTa politikur wreebSi kargad cnobi­
li pirovneba iyo. pirveli msoflio omis periodSi uSualo kavSiri
hqonda didi britaneTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros politikuri
dazvervis departamentTan. saqarTvelos damoukideblobiT inglisis
politikuri wreebis dainteresebas aqtiurad cdilobda. iyo saqa­
rTvelos demokratiuli respublikis pirveli elCi did britaneT­
Si, ingliseli diplomatebi mas „probritanuli orientaciis poli­
tikosad~ moixseniebdnen 183
Rlonti Tevdore (Tedo) zurabis Ze _ politikuri moRvawe, pub­
licisti, memarcxene socialist-federalistTa partiis erT-erTi
lideri, daamTavra peterburgis „komerciul codnaTa instituti`.
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli kre­
bis wevri (socialist-federalistebis partiis mecxre kandidati).
1921 wlis ianvarSi partiis me-5 konferenciaze moiTxova sabWoTa
konstituciis aRiareba. memarcxene socialist-federalistTa parti­
asTan erTad TanamSromlobda TbilisSi Semosul sabWoTa saokupacio
xelisuflebasTan, monawileobda okupirebuli saqarTvelos sabWoe­
bis I yrilobaSi, sadac airCies centraluri aRmasrulebeli komite­
tis wevrad. 1926-1928 ww.-Si saWoTa xelisuflebam gadayenebuli iv.
javaxiSvilis magier T. Rlonti daniSna saxelmwifo universitetis
reqtorad 63, 96, 101, 102, 103, 198, 214, 300, 305, 307, 323, 332, 333, 334,
335, 336, 338, 340, 341, 410, 414.

S
SaraSiZe daviT giorgis Ze _ gamoCenili social-demokrati. swav­
lobda baxvis soflis skolaSi, Semdeg quTaisSi da bolos odesis
realur saswavlebelSi. 1905 w-is studenturi gamosvlebis Semdeg
daapatimres, gaanTavisufles im pirobiT, rom dauyovnebliv da­

465
tovebda ruseTis imperiis sazRvrebs. amitom gaemgzavra SveicariaSi,
sadac umaRlesi ganaTleba Jenevis universitetSi miiRo. 1918 wels
iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos da Semdeg damfuZnebeli krebis
wevri, social-demokratTa rusul enaze gamomaval gazeT „Борьба~-s
redaqtori; „brZolis xmis~ redaqtori, „damoukidebeli saqarTve­
los~ Tanaredaqtori; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoebis wevri 120, 135, 215
SaraSiZe qristine (Cito) giorgis asuli _ politikuri da sazo­
gado moRvawe, filologi, pedagogi, social-demokratiuli partiis
wevri 1905 wlidan. 1899-1904 ww-Si swavlobda quTaisis wm. ninos qal­
Ta gimnaziaSi, saidanac garicxes moswavleTa revoluciur moZraoba­
Si monawileobisTvis. aqtiurad monawileobda 1905 w-is revoluciur
moZraobaSi. muSaobda maswavleblad quTaisis kerZo gimnaziaSi (1907),
iyo quTaisis saxalxo universitetis gamgeobis wevri (1910-1911); sa­
bavSvo Jurnal „jejilis~ saredaqcio kolegiis wevri; 1919 wels air­
Cies saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad. damfuZnebel krebaSi
iyo krebis prezidiumis umcrosi mdivani, sabiblioTeko, saredaqcio
d saxalxo ganaTlebis komisiebis wevri (1919-1921), parlamentis wev­
robisas aqcents umTavresad saxalxo janmrTelobis kanonmdeblobasa
da ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobis problemebze svamda. iyo qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamgeobisa da
Tbilisis universitetis damfuZnebeli sazogadoebis wevri. saqarT­
velos demokratiuli respublikis sabWoTa ruseTis mier okupirebis
Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi da monawileobda winaaRmdegobis moZ­
raobaSi. Sedioda saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti­
is qalTa komitetSi, romlis mizani politpatimarTa ojaxebis dax­
mareba iyo 7, 48, 49, 77, 78, 83, 119, 139, 189, 217, 241, 281, 287, 317, 351,
361, 371, 391, 393, 394, 397, 399, 423
Seidemani filip henrix _ germaneli politikosi, social-­
demokrati, 1918 wels Sedioda saxalxo rwmunebulTa 3 social-­
demokratisagan Semdgar sabWoSi (eberti, f. Seidemani, o. landsber­
gi). 1918 wlis 10 noembers gamoacxada germaniis respublika. 1919 wlis
Teberval-ivnisSi vaimaris respublikis xelisuflebis meTauri, (pir­
veli premier-ministri). antisabWoTa politikuri kursis erT-erTi
sulisCamdgmeli 101
Sengelaia (Sengelia) leo andrias Ze _ iuristi, socialist-rev­
olucioneri, 1908 wlidan ruseTis socialist-revolucionerTa
partiis wevri, 1917 wlidan iyo socialist-revolucionerTa parti­
is centraluri organos „Sromis~ redaqtori; aqveynebda naSromebs
agrarul sakiTxebze. 1918 wlis maisSi qarTvel eserTa ruseTis parti­
idan gamoyofis Semdeg saqarTvelos socialist-revoliucionerTa
partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomare, ck-s partiuli gaze­
Tis „Sromis~ redaqtori, 1919 wlidan damfuZebeli krebis wevri, es­

466
erTa fraqciis lideri. l. Sengelaia eserebTan erTad gamoirCeoda
mTavrobis kritikiT memarcxene poziciebidan 13, 15, 16, 19, 24, 35, 36,
37, 38, 41, 48, 104, 236, 245, 246, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 263,
265, 267, 269, 275, 310, 319, 320, 330, 339, 340, 341, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413,
414, 417

C
Cermisovi _ im periodisTvis cnobili iuristi 382
Cernovi viqtor mixeilis Ze _ eserTa partiis lideri, ruseTis
droebiTi mTavrobis miwaTmoqmedebis ministri, xSirad „glexur min­
istrsac~ uwodebdnen. iyo miwis socializaciis programis avtori
(saxelmwifosa da memamuleTa miwebis sazogadoebric sakuTrebad
gadaqceva maTi Semdgomi Tanabari ganawileba), politikur sferoSi
iTxovda „mTeli saxelmwifosa da iuridiuli wyobis demokratizacias
Tavisuflebisa da Tanasworobis sawyisebze~ 251
CixlaZe rafiel aleqsandres Ze _ pedagogi, social-demokratiuli
partiis aqtiuri moRvawe, 1918 wels Sedioda saqarTvelos erovnuli
sabWos SemadgenlobaSi. 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
rad, muSaobda sakontrolo komisiaSi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da erevnis ganyofilebis
wevri 1914 wlidan da amave organizaciis Tbilisis ganyofilebis wev­
ri 1917 wlidan 104
CxeiZe nikoloz (karlo) simonis Ze _ saxelmwifo da politikuri
moRvawe. daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
ukrainaSi. 1887 garicxes novorosiiskis universitetidan, ris Sem­
degac Sevida xarkovis veterinarul institutSi Tavisufali msme­
nelis rangSi, saidanac, dauzustebeli informaciiT, 1888 garicxes
revoluciuri ideebis gamo. 1892 TanamoazreebTan erTad ayalibebs so­
cial-demokratiul organizacia „mesame dass`. 1907-1912 da 1912-1917
ww.-Si iyo me-3 da me-4 saxelmwifo saTaTbiroebis deputati Tbilisis
guberniidan, sadac 1912 wlamde Tavmjdomareobda social-demokra­
tiul fraqcias. 1918 wlis aprilSi igi gaxda axladarCeuli sakanon­
mdeblo organos, amierkavkasiis seimis Tavmjdomare, xolo amave wlis
26 maisidan _ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan erovnu­
li sabWos Tavmjdomared darCa. Tavmjdomareobda 1918 wels parizis
samSvidobo konferenciaze gasagzavn delegacias. xelmZRvanelob­
da londonisa da san-remos konferenciebze qarTuli delegacias;
1919 wlis 12 marts dauswreblad airCies damfuZnebeli krebis Tav­
mjdomared. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga­
doebis wevri 162, 170, 182, 218
Cxenkeli akaki ivanes Ze _ social-demokrati, iuristi da publi­
cisti, menSevikTa erT-erTi lideri ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi. daam­

467
Tavra xonis saswavlebeli da Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero seminar­
iaSi, gaficvaSi monawileobis gamo, saswavleblidan garicxes (1893).
1896-1901 ww-Si ruseTSia, kievSi, moskovsa da peterburgSi, swav­
lobs iuridiul mecnierebas. studentTa revoluciur gamosvlebSi
monawileobisTvis swavla veRar gaagrZela da samSobloSi dabrun­
da. 1902-1904 ww-Si afxazeTSi advokatad muSaobda, ebrZoda ruse­
Tis dam­pyroblur-Sovinistur politikas, werda statiebs qarTul
da rusul presaSi, monawileobda sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. 1907
daamTavra laifcigis universiteti da swavla gaagrZela Sveicaria­
Si, Jenevis universitetSi. 1912 wels soc. demkratiuli partiis siiT
gaxda meoTxe saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputati afxazeTidan da ba­
Tum-yarsis olqidan. saTaTbiros tribunidan icavda e.w. „moRalate
aWarlebis~ uflebebs da bevri adamiani gadaarCina sikvdiliT dasjas.
1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg Sevida amierkavkasiis gansakuTrebuli
komitetis SemadgenlobaSi. 1917-1918 wlebSi saqarTvelos erovnu­
li sabWosa da misi aRmaskomis wevria. amierkavkasiis demokratiuli
federaciuli respublikis damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg
gaxda axali saxelmwifos mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. 1918 wlis 26 maiss,
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg dainiSna sagareo
saqmeTa ministrd, 1919 wels airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad so­
cial-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis siiT. saerTaSoriso asparezze
didi wvlili miuZRvis saqarTvelos damoukideblobis cnobisTvis da
erT ligaSi miS gawevrianebisTvis. iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis sruluflebiani elCi safrangeTSi, qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 179
CxikviSvili beniamin (benia) grigolis (gigos) Ze _ politikosi,
swavlobda quTaisis sasoflo-sameurneo skolaSi,(ar dausrulebia)
damfuZnebeli krebis wevri social-demokratiuli partiidan, me­
marcxene socialisti, ris gamoc bolSevizmTan siaxloves say­
vedurobdnen. ekava Tbilisis qalaqis Tavis Tanamdeboba 1919-1920,
1919 wels gaxda afxazeTis gubernatori, 1920 _ quTaisis, Semdeg
baTumis olqis general-gubernatori. 1921 wels dainiSna Sinagan
saqmeTa ministris moadgiled. 1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqa­
rTvelos okupaciis Semdeg wavida emigraciaSi. qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 15, 16, 22, 23, 34.

c
cercvaZe _ bolSeviki 19, 20, 22
ciskariSvili gabriel dimitris Ze (zogan ciskaraSvili
grigol) _ social-demokrati. saSualo ganaTleba Tbilisis vaJTa
me-3 gimnaziaSi miiRo, umaRlesi ganaTleba ki _ moskovis saxelmwifo
universitetSi, 1914 wlidan rsdmp-s menSvikuri fraqcias SeuerT­

468
da, 1917 w-dan saqarTveloSi dabrunda da mSobliur mazraSi eweo­
da sazogadoebriv da politikur saqmianobas. 1919 wels arCeul iqna
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wev­
rad, aqtiur saqmianobas eweoda krebis TviTmmarTvelobisa da sabib­
lioTeko komisiaSi. iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe­
li sazogadoebis wevri 8, 10, 395
cxakaia mixa _ politikuri lideri, revolucioneri, 1892-1893 wleb­
Si iyo saqarTveloSi pirveli marqsistuli organizaciis „mesame da­
sis~ erT-erTi damaarsebeli. 1917 wlis maisidan igi iyo muSaTa da
glexTa deputatebis kavkasiis samxareo sabWos wevri, oqtombridan _
rsdmp (b) kavkasiis samxareo komitetis wevri da Semdeg misi erT-­erTi
xelmZRvaneli. 1906-1907 wlebSi monawileobda Tbilisis profkav­
Sirebis centris Seqmnasa da mis muSaobaSi. 1907-1917 wlebSi emigra­
ciaSi yofnisas mWidro kavSiri da mimowera hqonda saqarTvelosa da
amierkavkasiis partiul organizaciebTan. monawileobda rsdmp VII
(aprilis) konferenciis muSaobaSi. gazeT „kavkazski raboCis~ saqmia­
nobaSi, filipe maxaraZesTan erTad redaqtorobda gazeT „brZolas`.
1917-1920 wlebSi rsdmp (b) Tbilisis komitetis wevri, saqarTvelos
ssr sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli rsfsr mTavrobaSi, 1919 wlis
ivnisSi menSevikurma mTavrobam igi daapatimra. 1920 wels misi ga­
Tavisuflebis Semdeg Sevida saqarTvelos kp (b) ck-s SemadgenlobaSi.
1921-1922 wlebSi igi iyo saqarTvelos ssr sruluflebiani warmomad­
geneli rsfsr mTavrobaSi 29

w
wereTeli irakli (kaki) giorgis Ze _ qarTveli politikuri moR­
vawe, social-demokrati. wereTelma Tbilisis pirveli gimnazia oqros
medliT daamTavra da imave wels swavla moskovis universitetis iu­
ridiul fakultetze gaagrZela. iyo ruseTis social-demokratiis
erT-erTi aRiarebuli lideri; 1917 wlis ruseTis Tebervlis revo­
luciis erT-erTi meTauri, ruseTis droebiTi koaliciuri mTavrobis
wevri da fosta-telegrafis ministri. droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis
Semded Camovida saqarTveloSi, iyo Tavmjdomare da xelmZRvaneli
social-demokratiuli muSaTa partiis fraqciisa jer kidev amierka­
vkasiis seimSi, Semdeg _ saqarTvelos erovnul sabWoSi da damfuZneb­
el krebaSi. iyo saqarTvelos delegaciis wevri parizis samSvidobo
konferenciaze. saqarTvelos bolSevikuri okupaciis Semdeg, erovnu­
li mTavrobis sxva wevrebTan erTad, emigraciaSi, safrangeTSi wavida
29, 162, 164, 170, 174, 182, 184
wereTeli mixako _ mecnieri, publicisti, politikuri da sazogado
moRvawe, profesori. 1898 daamTavra quTaisis klasikuri gimnazia da
kievis universitetSi Cairicxa, saidanac 1899 aqtiuri politikuri

469
moRvaweobisaTvis garicxes. Semdeg swavlobda sorbonis da Jenevis
universitetebSi. 1912 daamTavra haidelbergis (germania) universi­
tetis istoria-filologiis fakulteti Zveli aRmosavleTis isto­
riis ganxriT. 1914 m. wereTelma moipova haidelbergis universitetis
doqtoris xarisxi asiriologiaSi. 1918-1919 ww.-Si iyo saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis diplomatiuri misiebis xelmZRvaneli
skandinaviis qveynebSi _ SvedeTsa da norvegiaSi. iyo Tsu-profesori
asiriologiasa da Zveli aRmosavleTis istoriaSi 183.
wminda nino _ qristianobis mqadagebeli da gamavrcelebelia saqarT­
veloSi 126
wulaZe vasil qaixosros Ze _ social-demokrati. swavlobda soflis
skolaSi da baTumis gimnaziaSi. monawileobda guriis 1905 wlis mov­
lenebSi. 1906 wlidan rsdmp-s wevri, iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri, muSaobda, Tbilisis ganyo­
filevaSi. iyo saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis erovnuli
sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri 282, 283

W
WavWaniZe ivane iosebis Ze _ maTematikosi, pedagogi, politikosi,
daamTavra moskovis universitetis maTematikis fakulteti. studen­
tobidanve SeuerTda menSevikur fraqcias. 1917 wlis Tebervlis rev­
oluciis Semdeg arCeuli iyo xonis qalaqisTavad, 1919 wlis wlis 12
marts airCies saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebe­
li krebiswevrad saqarTvelos social-demokratiuli muSaTa parti­
is siiT. iyo gzaTa komisiis Tavmjdomare, samandato komisiis mdi­
vani, sarekomendacio, TviTmmarTvelobis da safinanso-sabiujeto
komisiebis wevri, paralelurad iyo momaragebis ministris, Semdeg ki
_ Sinagan saqmeTa ministris amxanagi. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 78, 79, 80, 81, 92, 104, 106, 140, 141,
146, 148, 215, 270, 279, 353, 368, 396, 401, 403, 407, 417, 437, 438
WiWinaZe _ gzaTa departamentis ufrosi 43
WiWinaZe nikoloz (parmen) _ eqimi, politikosi, social-demokra­
tiuli partiis menSevikuri frTis wevri, monawileobda 1905 wlis
revoluciur gamosvlebSi. 1918-1920 wlebSi iyo Sinagan saqmeTa minis­
tris, noe ramiSvilis moadgile da periodulad ministris movaleo­
bas asrulebda. 1920 wlis 3 dekembers dainiSna samxedro ministrad.
iyo Sinagan saqmeTa ministris moadgile; qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTx­
vis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri. (misi dakrZalvis dRe gadai­
qca pirvel antisabWoTa demonstraciad) 58

470
x
xalilovi miqael (miqalil) mahomedis Ze _ ruseTis imperiis mxe­
darTmTavari (general-maiori), erovnebiT laki, emigraciaSi TeT­ri
moZraobis aqtiuri wevri (generali) daRestnis gubrnatori, (1918-
1920 ww), daRestnis samxedro mmarTveli 50, 154
xaratiSvili is. _ WiaTuris muSaTa deputatebis sabWos wevri 400
xatisovi aleqsandre ivanes Ze (xatisiani) _ somxeTis respublik­
is mTvrobis warmomadgeneli _ tfilisis administraciuli sabWos
wevri 1905 wels, 1908-1910 ww. _ Tbilisis Tavis moadgile. daamTavra
vaJTa pirveli gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo moskovis universitetis
samedicino fakultetze, Semdgom xarkovis universitetis samedi­
cini fakultetze, italiaSi, safrangeTsa da germaniaSi Seiswavla
higiena, sazogadoebrivi, samarTaldamcavi da municipaluri saqme.
1910 wlidan arCeul iqna qalaqis Tavad. pirveli msoflio omis dros
xatisovi Tavmjdomareobda qalaqebis aliansis kavkasiis komitets.
xatisovi iyo somxeTis moxaliseTa razmebis da somexi ltolvilebis
daxmarebis erT-erTi organizatori. 1916 wels aqtiurad monawil­
eobda dasavleT somxeTidan devnilebis dasaxmareblad, romelTa­
gan bevrma TavSesafari hpova tfilisSi. 1915-1917 wlebSi arCeul
iqna somxeTis erovnuli biuros Tavmjdomaris moadgiled (tfili­
si). 1917 wels gadadga qalaqis Tavis Tanamdebobidan da SeuerTda
daSnakcuTiunis partias (oficialurad soxeTis revoluciuri fed­
eracia, SemoklebiT daSnaki). meTurobda somxeTis erovnul biuros,
Tav­mjdomareobda somxeTis politikuri partiebis krebas. monawi­
leobda somxeTis erovnuli sabWos SeqmnaSi. 1918 wlis aprilSi ami­
erkavkasiis demokratiuli federaciuli respublikis Seqmnis Semdeg
dainiSna finansTa da sursaTis ministrad, agreTve amierkavkasiis
seimis mTavrobis qvelmoqmedebis ministrad. iyo somxeTis mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare, somxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministri, sakrebulos wevri
da erT-erTi saqalaqo komisiis Tavmjdomare 19
xvalisi _ bolSeviki 14, 20, 37, 38, 39
xoStaria _ kerZo piri, romelsac unda aeSenebina rionze eleqtro­
sadguri 125, 126, 127, 306
xudadovi _ bolSeviki 20
xuxua _ sofel TeklaTis mcxovrebi 42

j
jabadari _ social-demokratebis erT-erTi amomrCeveli 1907 wlis
arCevnebze 182
jafariZe konstantine iasonis Ze _ social-demokrati, 1918 wels
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarT­

471
veli. daamTavra quTaisis gimnazia. umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTleba
miiRo xarkovis univeristetSi, swavlobda SveicariaSic. ganaTlebis
miRebis Semdeg advokatad muSaobda TbilisSi. 1905 SeuerTda rsdm
partiis menSevikebis fraqcias. iyo partiis aqtiuri wevri, eweoda
publicistur saqmianobas. k. jafariZe iyo saqarTvelos demokra­
tiuli respublikis erovnuli sabWos wevri 1917 wlidan. 1919 wels
airCies damfuZnebeli krebis wevrad social-demokratiuli muSa­
Ta partiis siiT, Sedioda damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumis Semad­
genlobaSi, iyo sakonstitucio komisiis wevri; qarTvelTa Soris
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis Tbilisisa da soxumis
ganyofilebaTa wevri. sabWoT ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis
Semdeg darCa saqarTveloSi, monawileobda antisabWoT gamosvlebSi
da propagandas eweoda. Sedioda social-demokratiuli partiis ara­
legaluri organizaciis cekas SemadgenlobaSi 7, 49, 77, 83, 105, 139,
189, 217, 241, 281, 287, 309, 317, 351, 361, 371, 391, 399, 423
jafariZe sergo daviTis Ze _ iuristi, social-demokrati, saqarT­
velos erovnuli sabWosa da damfuZnebeli krebis wevri. daamTavra
novorosiis universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti, msaxurobda
nafic veqilad, iyo nafic veqilTa sabWos Tavmjdomare. 1906 airCies
ruseTis pirveli saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputatad quTaisis gu­
berniidan. aqtiurad monawileobda saparlamento muSaobaSi, gabedu­
lad akritikebda rogorc xelisuflebas, aseve im partiebs, romlebic
parlamentSi mxars uWerdnen antixalxuri kanonebis miRebas. iyo ni­
Wieri oratori, aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli damoukidebeli saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriv cxovrebaSi. 1917 wlis noembridan iyo erovnuli
sabWos wevri, sakonstitucio komisiis wevri. 1918 wels saqarTvelos
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis saqmeTa mmarTveli, iusticiis
ministris moadgile, nafic msajulTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, qarTvel­
Ta Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis namdvili wev­
ri, Tbilisis ganyofilebis mudmivi wevri (1920). sabWoTa okupaciis
Semdeg Cabmuli iyo winaaRmdegobis moZraobaSi 243, 244, 267, 289, 305,
341, 372, 388, 420, 425, 434
jafarovi mamed-iusufi _ cnobili azerbaijaneli politikosi.
ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiros deputati. sagareo saqmeTa minis­
tri, amierkavkasiis komisariatis wevri. 1918 wels iyo azerbaijanis
mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis ministri 52, 221, 223
juReli valerian (varlam) anTimosis (anTimozis) Ze _ qar­Tveli
politikosi (social-demokratiuli partiis wevri, menSevikuri fraq­
cia) da samxedro piri. daamTavra soxumis gimnazia, swavla ganagrZo
peterburgis universitetSi. iyo Tbilisis muSaTa da jariskacTa
deputatebis sabWos aRmasrulebebli komitetisa da saqarTvelos
erovnuli sabWos wevri, 1918 wlidan amierkavkasiis seimisa da saqa­
rTvelos parlamentis wevri. 1919 wlidan damfuZnebeli krebis wev­

472
ri (social-demokratiuli muSaT partiis siiT), samxedro komisiis
wevri. qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis
wevri. emigraciaSi sxva samxedroebTan erTad SeimuSava ajanyebis ge­
gma. safrangeTSi specialuri wvrTnis gavlis Semdeg aralegalurad
dabrunda saqarTveloSi, Sevida damoukideblobis komitetis samxe­
dro komisiaSi da saTaveSi Caudga ajanyebis samzadiss 68, 154, 168, 187

h
herostrate _ uRirsi saqcieliT ganTqmuli berZeni Hērostratos, qalaq
efesos axalgazrda mcxovrebi, romelmac saxelis ukvdavyofis mizniT
356 w. (Zv. welTaRr.) dawva xis nageboba, romlis adgilzec Semdeg
aaSenes artemida efeselis SesaniSnavi taZari _ erT-erTi msoflios
Svid saocrebaTgan 154

А
Акиртава Александр _ Зугдидский житель _ zugdidis mcxovrebi 45

Ф
Фаина _ (агент в Тбилиси) – [faina] _ agenti TbilisSi 45

Ш
Шервашидзе Джота управляющий _ [ServaSiZe joto levanis Ze] _ qa­
rTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wevri 45

473
 adgilTa saZiebeli

a axalcixe-axalqalaq-artaanis
azerbaijani/aderbeijani 7, 52, gzatkecili 8, 78, 80, 84, 85
63, 65, 74, 136, 152, 156, 171, 176, axalcixis mazra 140, 141, 144,
189, 190, 203, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 146, 188, 157, 408
235, 237, 239, 310, 314, 318, 324, 325,
337, 338, 359
b
azia 126
baTomi/baTumi 150, 151, 153, 154,
alagiri 408 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162,
alpana 306 163, 164, 169, 172, 175, 179, 181,
amerika 158. 180, 364, 372, 383, 388 187, 188, 202, 203, 205, 208, 212,
262, 266, 314. 50,135, 157, 158, 162,
amier-kavkasia 13, 16, 50, 51, 52,
163, 164, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176,
53, 55, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 75, 87,
177, 184, 185, 187, 407
140, 153, 154, 176, 177, 180, 218,
219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, balkaneTi 219
229, 230. 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, bastilia 125, 126
282, 288, 290, 310, 314, 315, 318, baqo 14, 18, 19, 23, 24, 27, 37, 39,
319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 63, 155, 156, 222
327, 328, 330, 334, 335, 336, 337,
belgia 87, 174, 184
338, 340, 352, 353, 354
berni 130, 150, 158, 165, 170, 174, 184
amsterdami 130, 150, 158, 164,
165, 165, 170, 174, 175, 178, 182 bzibi mdinare 69, 71, 156, 186
anariis maRlobebi 162 brazilia 403, 404
aramiancis saavadmyofo 3 bresti 180, 234
araratis respublika 237 brest-litovski 155, 158, 161,
162, 172
artaani/arTaani (axali, Zveli)
8, 78, 80, 84, 85, 153, 156, 157, 231 borCalo/borCalos mazra 8,
169, 270, 411, 412, 414, 415
afxazeTi 310, 354, 355, 414, 416, 418
borCalo-axalqalaqi 8
aRmosavleTis saqristiano
126, 232 borjomi 410
axalsenak-zugdidis rkinis gza 47
axalqalaqis mazra 8, 78, 80, 81, g
84, 85, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 157, gagra 47, 54, 69, 71
188, 408, 415 germanelTa axalSeni 140

475
germania 87, 101, 161, 169, 172, 174, TeklaTi 42
180, 259, 364, 412, 416 Telavis mazra 408, 423
gori 408 Tergis olqi 25
grozna 154 TianeTi 109
gudauTa 401 Tfilisi/tfilisi 7, 19, 20, 38,
gudauTa-pilenkovis gzatke- 49, 77, 83, 93, 94, 96, 100, 105, 106,
cili 392, 399, 401 119, 135, 139, 151, 156, 167, 189,
guria 109 206, 217, 223, 239, 241, 251, 275,
281, 287, 309, 317, 331, 348, 351,
361, 368, 369, 371, 391, 392, 399
d
dardaneli 126
i
dasavleT evropa 156, 314, 395
inglisi 57, 65, 69, 70, 71, 87, 100,
dasavleTi saqarTvelo 408 103, 127, 132, 151, 153, 155, 156,
derbenti 49 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, 170, 174,
donis olqi 152 177, 180, 182, 184, 197, 210, 253,
duSeTi 109, 156, 263, 270, 408 293, 324, 383, 392, 399, 407, 427, 430
duSeTis mazra 270, 408 inguSeTi 239
indoeTi 403, 404
e ireme 42
evropa 51, 61, 75, 89, 99, 126, 127, italia 87, 112, 156, 158, 200, 239, 328
128, 156, 164, 174, 178, 197, 219, 314,
318, 395 k
evropis saxelmwifoebi 178, 364, kavkasia 55, 65, 66, 150, 157, 225,
61, 75 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 315
ekaterinodari 73, 155, 156 kavkasionis qedi 62
konstantinopoli 182
v kojori 410
veimari 101
l
z lagodexi 408
zemo svaneTi 425 leCxumi 109, 424, 425
zugdidi 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 266 londoni 65, 152, 183, 184, 211
zurnabati 136
m
T manCesteri 339
Tbilisi 11, 14, 17, 27, 39, 40, 72, mesxeTi 231
84, 108, 136, 148, 270, 272, 274, 365, mesxeT-javaxeTi 141, 142
369, 400

476
mexadiri/maxadiri 57, 156, 186, J
mTielTa respublika 49, 55, 154, Jeneva 239
177 Jirondi 252
mTiuleTi 74, 408
mixeilis saavadmyofo 289 r
moedani 368, 372 rioni 306, 310, 314, 318
moskovi 197, 427, 428, 430 raWa 156, 358, 408
mtkvari 186 ruseTi 12, 13, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55,
57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 69. 72, 75, 86,
n 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 121, 122, 128, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 159, 166,
natanebi 135, 153
168, 170, 176, 177, 185, 187, 197,
nataneb-baTomis rkinis gza 392, 202, 229, 234, 235, 243, 245, 246,
399, 407 247, 253, 256, 259, 284, 286, 289,
novorosia 156, 163 290, 291, 293, 295, 296, 304, 306,
novorosiiski 202 307, 321, 325, 335, 336, 337, 352,
364, 368, 372, 376, 378, 381, 383,
411, 412, 417, 429
o
odesa 202
s
ozurgeTi 315
saTaTreTi 161
okriba 25
samahmadiano saqarTvelo 150,
olTisi 231
156, 157, 181
olRas sabebio instituti 189
samxreT amerika 395
oni 368, 372
samtredia 308
orTaWala 39
sanaini 135
osmaleTi 51, 141, 155, 158, 161,
safrangeTi 11, 12, 51, 87, 125,
162, 173, 180, 186, 202, 234, 416
126, 156, 158, 170, 180, 184, 197,
252, 253, 293, 294, 334, 372
p saqarTvelo/saqarTvelos re-
parizi 37, 51, 65, 75, 125, 126, 128, spublika 9, 15, 17, 51, 52, 53, 58,
130, 154, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164, 62, 63, 64, 75, 150, 154, 164, 167,
165, 169, 170, 174, 178, 182, 183, 172, 217, 218, 221, 239, 256, 257,
184, 219, 220 258, 274, 276, 310, 318, 323, 351,
parnasi 179 352, 363, 386, 391, 407, 411, 424
petrogradi 155, 290 saqristiano saqarTvelo 232
petrovski 49 senaki 44, 266, 297, 308
pilenkovi 401 svaneTi 425
poloneTi 180, 412 siRnaR-Telavi 423

477
somxeTi 56, 63, 65, 66, 74, 157, 203, y
218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 232, 318, yazbegi 25, 135
324, 325, 338
yaraiazis raioni 408
soWi 50, 51, 54, 69, 73, 156, 181, 237,
yarsi 186
412
yarsis olqi 153
soWis olqi 50, 2156
yvirila 403
soxum-axalsenaki 8, 78, 80, 84,
85, 392, 399, 401 yubani 156
s o x u m - a x a l s e n a k - ­g u d a u T­�
-pi­len­kovis gzatkecilebi 392, S
399, 401 Savi zRvis rkinis gza 41, 43, 45
soxumi 45, 110, 120, 135, 185, 190, Sveicaria 109, 183, 239, 381, 388,
242, 281, 310, 348, 352, 354, 355, 395
392, 400, 411, 418 Svecia 197
stamboli 158, 162, 179, 182, 183, Sorapnis mazra 408
205, 208, 326

C
t
Crdilo-amerika 170
tixorecki 73
CrdiloeT kavkasia 218
tuapse 44
CrdiloeT-kavkasiis respub-
trapizoni/trapezoni 179, 202 lika 218
tyibuli 328, 356
c
u cimbiri 127
ukraina 203 cxenis-wyali 287, 308, 309

f W
finliandia/fineTi 109, 180 WaneTi 231
foTi WiaTura 196, 199, 205, 213, 306,
focxovis raioni 156 324, 328, 340, 391, 392, 399, 400,
402, 403, 404, 405, 421
q Woloki/Coloqi 158
qobuleTi 153 Woroxi 153, 186
quTaisi 106, 107, 108, 110, 119,
136, 140, 141, 148, 149, 243, 272, x
273, 274, 275, 306, 348, 369, 392, xevsureTi 25, 408
399, 400, 408, 412,
xeTa 42, 43
quTaisis mazra 408

478
j
javaxeTi 231, 414, 415

h
holandia 87

С
Сатондле 45

479
II tomis pirTa saZieblebisTvis gamoyenebuli wyaroebi:

1. http://batumi.ge/ge/?page=show&sec=2
2. saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis 1919 wlis 16 ivnisis xelSekruleba https://
www.tsu.ge/data/image_db_innova/saqartvelo%20da%20azerbaijani.pdf
3. https://www.bsu.edu.ge/text_files/ge_file_7558_1.pdf
kukulaZe guguli. saqarTvelos parlamentis roli qveynis teritori­uli
mTlianobis SenarCunebisTvis brZolis procesSi 1918-1920 ww. (samxreT-dasav­
leT saqarTvelo) istoriis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili disertacia
4. http://prosopography.iliauni.edu.ge/persons/article/4965
5. library.iliauni.edu.ge/ebooks/zhan-zhak-ruso
6. http://www.peoples.ru/state/politics/filipp_sheydeman/
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=14&t=37024

481