UNJU FAC.

DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA DE MINAS TECNICO INFORMATICO / APU INGLES TECNICO II

Computers have changed! Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology has changed a great deal. The first computers were simple machines designed for basic tasks. They didn't have much memory and they weren't very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often paid thousands of dollars for machines which actually did very little. Most computers were separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times have changed. Computers have become powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers have created a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games have become faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users have also got on the Internet and (have) begun communicating with other computer users around the world. We have started to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past have evolved into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Read the text carefully. Match the sentences to the subject they refer to:

1. They were fist introduced to the public in the early 1980s 2. It has changed a great deal since 1980 3. They were simple machines designed for basic tasks and they didnt have much memory. 4. They have changed 5. They have become very powerful machines. 6. They have created useful programs which do everything. 7. We still play them but they are faster and more exciting now. 8. They have begun to communicate with other people around the world 9. They have become a World Wide Web of knowledge. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

Computer users Computers Computers Individual machines Programmers Technology The first computers Times Video games

Technology has changed a great deal since the early 1980s Computers have become powerful machines. Look at the sentences from the text and study this rule: The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result. Elpresente perfecto expresa una accion que aun continua o que ha terminado recientemente, pero que tiene una influencia en el presente. Pone el enfasis en elresultado. Form of Present Perfect S + HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE (THIRD COLUMN) +

Prof. M. G. Brizuela

Pgina 1

UNJU FAC. DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA DE MINAS TECNICO INFORMATICO / APU INGLES TECNICO II

Positive Negative Question I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?
For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add ed. Write the participle form of the following verbs.

1. go ..
2. have 3. sing . 4. drink 5. be 6. make 7. buy . 8. do .. Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. they / ask / a question . 2. he / speak / English . 3. I / be / in my room . 4. we / not / wash / the car . 5. Annie / not / forget / her homework
Complete the sentence with the correct forms of the verbs given. 01. I .............. in the garden all morning and need a good lunch. (dig) 02. I .............. since five in the morning and could do with a nap. (work) 03. He .............. time all evening watching television. (waste) 04. She .............. for the company for the last five years so it is time she was promoted. (work) 05. Dear Susan, It .............. all week so we have spent most of our time sitting in the hotel. (rain) 06. He .............. reports all weekend and has not had time to relax. (read) 07. The children .............. football all afternoon and are screaming for their tea. (play) 08. I .............. for the bus for the past 20 minutes and still it has not come. (wait) 09. How long .............. you .............. here? (wait) 10. It .............. all night long and now there are drifts a metre deep. (snow) Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence. They have talked about art at school. .

Jane has got a letter. . Oliver has cooked dinner. . Caron has read seven pages. .

Prof. M. G. Brizuela

Pgina 2

UNJU FAC. DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA DE MINAS TECNICO INFORMATICO / APU INGLES TECNICO II

Have you ever...?

Have you ever written a computer program? Yes, I have. Once Ive written a program for my computer class, but it was a disaster!

Have you ever used videoconferencing? No, I havent, but my father has. He usually uses videoconferencing at work.

Has a computer virus ever damaged your computer? Yes, lots of viruses have damaged my computer many times.

Las preguntas con have / has + S + ever se usan para saber si alguna vez se ha tenido una determinada experiencia o se ha realizado una determinada accin. Generalmente estas preguntas se responden con short answers:

Affirmitive: Yes, I have / Yes, once (twice/many times) Negative: No, I haven't / No, I never have / No, never

Answer the following questions:

Have you ever climbed a mountain? Has your father ever flown a helicopter? Have you ever cheated on an exam? Has it ever snowed in your province? Have you ever eaten kim-chi?

Has your teacher ever smoked in class? Have you ever been in trouble? Have you ever gotten a tattoo? Have you ever played Truco? Have you ever studied in another country?

Present perfect with 'since' and 'for'

Claire has lived in London since she was five years old. Now shes twenty two, so shes lived in London for 17 (seventeen) years. She finished school in 2004 and has been a university student since September 2005. Claire has worked as a waitress for the last three months because she wants to travel to Europe in the summer.

Prof. M. G. Brizuela

Pgina 3

UNJU FAC. DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA DE MINAS TECNICO INFORMATICO / APU INGLES TECNICO II

Usamos since y el present perfect para hablar de algo que comenz en un momento especifico del pasado y contina en el presente. Usamos : present perfect + since + specific time. They have been here since Tuesday. I have been here since 10:00. Washington has been the capital of the United States since 1800. Usamos for y el present perfect para hablar de un periodo de tiempo que comenz en un momento indefinido del pasado y contina en el presente. Usamos: present perfect + for + period of time. They have been here for three weeks . I have been here for the last four hours Washington has been the capital of the United States for two hundred years. SINCE since two o'clock (time of the clock) since Monday (days of the week) since (3rd) March (names of the months) since 1989 (dates) since Christmas (festive days) since summer (seasons) since lunch (time of meals) since yesterday (days in relation to now) since the end of the 18th century since I was in London (defined time, date) ever since for ten minutes for two hours for three days for four weeks for five months for six years for ages for a long time FOR (minutes) (hours) (days) (weeks) (months) (years) (long period) (period of time in general)

I have been here

How long have /has + S + past participle? = (Por) Cuanto tiempo ha /has /han ...? How long has Claire lived in London? Shes lived in London since she was five. Shes lived in London for 17 years. How long has she been a university student? Shes been a university student since 2005 Shes been a university student for 3 years Complete with since or for: Maya has been a professional singer ________ 1989. Its rained ________ five hours. Jo has been a student here ________ March. Mary has kept a diary ________ she was ten years old. He's been in London ______ five days I haven't eaten ______ hours. India has been independant _______ 1947. They haven't seen him ________ the past three years. Complete with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets and / or with for or since: He .............................(live) in that hotel........... the beginning of August. She ...........................(study) English............ five years. How long ...........she............... (study) English? I .......................(work) for the company............ 1988. I ......................(not take) any holidays........ the beginning of last year. How long ...........you.............(be) here?

Prof. M. G. Brizuela

Pgina 4