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BIO 202 Blood Vessels Lab Goals for this activity: Identify the main arteries and veins of the body by locating them on diagrams or the cadaver Describe the route of blood flowing through vessels for various parts of the body Identify the primary histological structures of blood vessels Collect heart rate and blood pressure data during various activities and develop graphs showing the results Identify the Following: Great vessels of the heart Aorta o Big artery leaving the left side of the heart. Aortic Arch (3 arteries extending from the arch) o The three arteries are listed from proximal to distal in reference to the heart. Brachiocephalic artery going to the right side, will split and go to arm & head Left Common Carotid Artery going up to the head Left Subclavian Artery - going to the left arm Major veins of thorax Right / Left Brachiocephalic veins returning from head and arms Left Subclavian Vein coming from arm Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Neck Arteries & Veins Common Carotid artery main artery going to skull and brain Bifurcation splits common carotid into internal & external carotid artery External & Internal Jugular vein located more superficially than carotid arteries. Upper Arm Arteries & Veins Axillary artery/vein armpit area Brachial artery/vein upper arm area (same artery as axillary, just more distal) Radial artery/vein along radius (thumb-side of the forearm) **pulse point Ulnar artery/vein along ulna (pinky-side of the forearm) Abdominal / Pelvic Arteries & Veins Descending Aorta Abdominal Aorta & Inferior Vena Cava Celiac trunk (3 arteries) hepatic (liver), left gastric (stomach), splenic (spleen) Hepatic portal vein going to liver Renal artery/vein going to kidneys Common Iliac artery/vein travels up / down each leg External/Internal iliac artery/vein Leg (Thigh) Arteries & Veins Femoral artery/vein thigh Popliteal artery/vein behind knee Great Saphenous vein main vein used for coronary bypass, located superficially Lower Leg Arteries & Veins Anterior & Posterior tibial artery/vein

Activity: Questions to Answer: The big arteries in the neck are called the: The big veins in the neck are called the: Where does the aorta end? What huge vein runs next to the aorta? Under each collar bone is an artery called the: In each armpit is an artery called the: In each upper arm is an artery called the: Parts of the great saphenous veins are cut out and used for cardiac bypass surgery. Where are the great saphenous veins? Circulatory Routes: Write the numbers 2-12 in the blanks to show the blood vessel route from the heart to one of the toes then back to the heart. __1_ heart's left side ____ femoral artery ____ external iliac artery ____ aorta ____ common iliac artery ____ anterior tibial artery __7_ toe's capillaries ____ inferior vena cava ____ femoral vein ____ anterior tibial vein ____ external iliac vein ____ common iliac vein _13_ heart's right side Follow the path a drop of blood would take, starting from the left ventricle to the site specified below, and back to the right ventricle. Stomach Right thumb Left toe Quadriceps Kidney

Vessel Histology: Artery - 3 layers tunica intima endothelium, one cell layer next to the lumen (space for blood), connective tissue and elastin tunica media smooth muscle with elastin fibers tunica adventitia outermost layer of artery made of connective tissue Nerve bundles next to artery Vein The veins are not usually round like the arteries as they are collapsed from the slide preparation. 3 layers (same as the artery but the layers are much thinner) Atherosclerosis This is the development of a mass under the endothelium that protrudes into the lumen and will eventually stop blood flow and result in a heart attack when it occurs in a coronary artery.

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Determination: The heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. You can do this by counting the number of beats in15 seconds and multiplying that number by 4 to get the number per minute. My heart rate is: Stethescope My blood pressure is: Systolic Diastolic Palpatation

Effect of Posture on Blood Pressure & Heart Rate: Lying down Measure the heart rate after lying down relaxed (not sleeping!); head lower than heart. Lying Down Heart Rate Lying Down Blood Pressure

Immediate Standing Have the subject hold onto something in case he/she gets dizzy! Standing Heart Rate Standing Blood Pressure

Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure & Heart Rate: Static Exercise Do 10 squats (slow and deep) then measure the heart rate and blood pressure. Measure the heart rate and blood pressure every minute for 4 minutes after exercise Blood Pressure Pre-Exercise Post-Exercise 1-min Post-Ex 2-min Post-Ex 3-min Post-Ex 4-min Post-Ex Heart Rate Pre-Exercise Post-Exercise 1-min Post-Ex 2-min Post-Ex 3-min Post-Ex 4-min Post-Ex

Dynamic Exercise Walk briskly around the courtyard and up the stairs then around the courtyard again. This is to get your heart going and increase your blood flow in a different way than the static exercise of the squats. Measure the heart rate and blood pressure every minute for 4 minutes after exercise. Chart your heart rate and blood pressure changes on the graph shown. Blood Pressure Pre-Exercise Post-Exercise 1-min Post-Ex 2-min Post-Ex 3-min Post-Ex 4-min Post-Ex Heart Rate Pre-Exercise Post-Exercise 1-min Post-Ex 2-min Post-Ex 3-min Post-Ex 4-min Post-Ex

preexercise

postexercise

1-min after exercise

2-min after exercise

3-min after exercise

4-min after exercise

preexercise

postexercise

1-min after exercise

2-min after exercise

3-min after exercise

4-min after exercise