Code No: RR320205 Set No.

1
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
POWER SYSTEMS-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain briefly the specification of Traveling waves.

(b) Develop general formula for reflection and refraction co-efficient for a line with
surge impedance Zc terminated by an impedance Z. [8+4+4]

2. (a) Explain the co-ordination of insulation in EHV system.

(b) Explain with a neat sketch value type lightning arrester. [8+8]

3. (a) What are the different types of circuit breakers when the arc-quenching medium
is the criterion? Mention the voltage for which a particular range of circuit
breaker is recommended. [4+4]
(b) Discuss the recovery rate theory and energy balance theory of arc interruption
in a circuit breaker. [4+4]

4. Explain resistance switching in detail with relevant diagrams and derive the ex-
pression of damped oscillation. [4+8+4]

5. (a) What is meant by directional feature of a directional over current relay? De-
scribe the construction, principle of operation and application of a directional
over current relay. [2+2+2+2]
(b) What is the difference between a polarized mho and simple mho relay. What
are self-polarized and cross-polarized mho relays? [4+4]

6. (a) Explain with necessary diagrams the operating principle of a Rectifier bridge
phase comparator. [6+2]
(b) Why are block average phase comparator preferred over block spike phase
comparator. [4+4]

7. (a) Explain a scheme of protection for failure of alternator excitation. [4+4]

(b) Explain with neat diagram the Merz ? Price protection for generator. [4+4]

8. Write short notes on:

(a) Reactance relay

(b) Mho relay
(c) Directional Impedance relay. [4+6+6]

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 2
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
POWER SYSTEMS-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Discuss why

(a) A traveling wave is usually represented as a step wave in the analysis.

(b) The inductor transformers are usually connected to the over head line through
short lengths of cable. [8+8]

2. Describe the construction and working principle of a zinc oxide gapless arrester
with a neat sketch. [8+8]

3. Explain the following with relevant diagrams.

(a) Open fuse

(b) Semi enclosed rewirable fuse. [4+4+4+4]

4. Explain direct testing of circuit breakers with a neat diagram. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain in detail the role of protective relays in a power systems.

(b) Discuss in detail the causes and types and frequency of faults encountered in
a power system. [8+8]

6. (a) Where are the relays having extremely inverse and very inverse characteristics
used? What types of characteristics are used for protecting rectifiers, and for
replacement of fuses? [4+4]
(b) Explain how the mho characteristic realized using a sampling comparator? [8]

7. Discuss the percentage differential protection scheme of a transformer. [4+4+4+4]

8. Distinguish between unit protection and non unit protection. What are the various
methods of protecting a transmission line by unit protection? [8+8]

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 3
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
POWER SYSTEMS-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) A rectangular surge of 1000 kv incident on a over head transmission line of

surge impedance of 300 Ω, meets a junction of two cables of surge impedance
150 Ω and 100 Ω. Calculate the outgoing voltages and currents on each cable
and also the over head line. Derive the formula used.
(b) Explain briefly about equivalent circuit for traveling wave studies. [4+4+8]

2. (a) Explain
√ the statement in ungrounded system “ Healthy line voltage increases
by 3 times during an earth fault on the third line ”.
(b) Discuss the merits of
i. Solid grounding
ii. Resistance grounding. [8+4+4]

3. Explain the following with relevant diagrams.

(a) Open fuse

(b) Semi enclosed rewirable fuse. [4+4+4+4]

4. Explain resistance switching in detail with relevant diagrams and derive the ex-
pression of damped oscillation. [4+8+4]

5. Determine the time of operation of the relays placed at location No. 1 and 2
assuming that fault current is 2000 amps, C.T.ratio 200/1, relay 1 set at 100% and
2 at 125% and that the relay No.1 has a time multiplier of 0.2. The time grading
margin between the relays is 0.5. sec for discrimination. Assume the relay to have
2.2 seconds I.D.M.T. Characteristic, shown in figure 5. [8+8]

Figure 5
6. (a) Where are the relays having extremely inverse and very inverse characteristics
used? What types of characteristics are used for protecting rectifiers, and for
replacement of fuses? [4+4]
(b) Explain how the mho characteristic realized using a sampling comparator? [8]

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 3
7. (a) Explain briefly with schematic diagram, the protective gear for alternators
connected to grid against
i. fault between phases and
ii. fault between turns in one of the phase windings. [4+4]
(b) Three phase 33/6.6 kV transformer is connected star- delta and current trans-
formers on the low voltage side have ratio 300: 5. What will be the ratio of
C T on the high voltage side of Merz ?Prize protection is to be adopted. [8]

8. (a) Discuss the considerations which determine the need for a busbar protection.
(b) Discuss any one busbar protection scheme in detail. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 4
III B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
POWER SYSTEMS-III
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Discuss the behaviour of traveling wave when it reaches the end of

(a) open circuited [5]

(b) short circuited transmission line. Draw diagrams to show voltage and current
on the line before and after the wave reaches the end. [5+3+3]

2. (a) Explain
√ the statement in ungrounded system “ Healthy line voltage increases
by 3 times during an earth fault on the third line ”.
(b) Discuss the merits of
i. Solid grounding
ii. Resistance grounding. [8+4+4]

3. Explain the terms recovery voltage, restriking voltage and RRRV. Derive the ex-
pression for the restriking voltage in terms of system capacitance and inductance.
[4+4+8]

4. Explain direct testing of circuit breakers with a neat diagram. [8+8]

5. Determine the time of operation of the relays placed at location No. 1 and 2
assuming that fault current is 2000 amps, C.T.ratio 200/1, relay 1 set at 100% and
2 at 125% and that the relay No.1 has a time multiplier of 0.2. The time grading
margin between the relays is 0.5. sec for discrimination. Assume the relay to have
2.2 seconds I.D.M.T. Characteristic, shown in figure 5. [8+8]

Figure 5
6. (a) Explain the merits and demerits of static relays.
(b) Discuss how an amplitude comparator can be converted into a phase compara-
tor and vice versa. [8+8]

7. (a) Enumerate the relaying schemes which are employed for the protection of a
modern alternator.

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Code No: RR320205 Set No. 4
(b) A 11 KV, 100 MVA generator is provided with differential scheme of protec-
tion. The percentage of the generator winding to be protected against phase
to ground fault is 80, % The relay is set to operate when there is 15 % out
of balance current. Determine the value of the resistance to be placed in the
neutral to ground connection. [8+8]

8. Explain the principle of distance relaying applied to protection of radial transmis-

sion lines. Distinguish between reactance, impedance and mho relays as regards
their applications to distance protection. [8+4+4]

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