Code No: RR221102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60

percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]
2. (a) An angle modulated wave is given by the equation
w(t) = 10 cos(2π106 t + 10 cos 2000πt). Find
i. the power of modulated signal
ii. the maximum frequency deviation.
iii. the bandwidth of modulated signal.
(b) Write the non-linear effects in FM systems.
(c) Obtain the relation between FM and PM. [6+5+5]
3. (a) Explain the operation of plate modulated AM generator with circuit diagram.
(b) Explain the operation of high level transistor collector modulator circuit. [8+8]
4. (a) Define and explain the terms sensitivity, selectivity and image frequency of a
receiver.
(b) Discuss the merits of a delayed AGC as compared with simple AGC. Explain
the operation of a delayed AGC with neat circuit diagram.
(c) Explain about BFO in communication receiver. [6+6+4]
5. (a) Derive the expression for Noise Figure for an amplifier.
(b) The first stage of a two-stage amplifier has a voltage gain of 10, a 600 Ω
input resistor, a 1600 Ω equivalent noise resistance and 27 K Ω output re-
sistor. For the second stage these values are 25kΩ, 81 kΩ, 10kΩ and 1MΩ
respectively. Calculate the equivalent input-noise resistance of this two-stage
amplifier. [8+8]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 1
6. (a) Discuss the principle behind the Frequency Division Multiplexing.
(b) Compare and contrast PAM, PWM, PPM methods. [6+10]

7. (a) Draw the block diagram of the differential pulse code modulation transmitter
and receiver and explain the need of each block.
(b) Explain what is meant by Inter Symbol Interference? How can you remove
this? [10+6]

8. A Data source produces 8-bit ASCII Characters. Derive an expression for the
maximum data rate (rate of ASCII data bits) over a B-bps line for the following.

(a) A synchronous transmission with a 1.5 unit stop bit.

(b) Synchronous transmissions, with a frame consisting of 48 control bits and 128
information bits, The information field contains 8 bit ASCII characters.
(c) Same as (b), but with an information field of 1024 bits [5+5+6]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60

percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the indirect method of FM generation.

(b) A 500Hz modulating voltage fed into a PM generator produces a frequency
deviation of 2.25kHz. What is the modulation index if the amplitude of the
modulating voltage is kept constant but its frequency is raised to 6kHz? What
is the new deviation? [8+8]

3. (a) What is the function of VCO in FM transmitter.

(b) What is stereo FM transmitter? Explain with the help of block diagram.
(c) What is the use of Balanced modulator in SSB transmitter.? [6+4+6]

4. (a) Write short notes on:

i. Image frequency and its rejection.
ii. Fading and diversity reception.
iii. Squelch circuit. [6+6+4]

5. Write notes on:

(a) Fading and diversity reception.

(b) Amplitude limiter. [8+8]

6. (a) Define the term Multiplexing. Explain TDM with the help of block diagram.
(b) Compare TDM and FDM. [8+8]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 2
7. Discuss the various encoding procedures in PCM. [16]

8. (a) What is the purpose of the serial interface?

(b) Draw the timing diagram showing the state of all EIA-232 leads between two
DTE-DCE pairs during the course of a data call on the switched telephone
networks. [8+8]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Compare the three main systems of SSB generation by drawing up a table of
the outstanding characteristics of each system.
(b) Mention the applications of AM. [8+8]
2. (a) The sinusoidal modulating wave m(t) = Am cos(2πfm t) is applied to a phase
modulation with phase sensitivity Kp . The unmodulated carrier wave has
frequency fc and amlititude Ac . Determine the spectrum of the resulting
phase modulated wave, assuming that the maximum phase deviation
βp = Kp Am does not exceed 0.5 radians.
(b) A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by sine wave of
amplitude 20 volts and frequency 100 KHz. The frequency sensitivity of the
modulation is 25 KHz per volt. Determine the approximate bandwidth of FM
wave using Carson’s rule. [10+6]
3. (a) Explain the requirements of carrier frequency for a radio transmitter.
(b) Explain the working of broadcast transmitter? [8+8]
4. (a) Write short notes on:
i. Image frequency and its rejection.
ii. Fading and diversity reception.
iii. Squelch circuit. [6+6+4]
5. (a) Write short notes on:
i. internal noise
ii. external noise.
(b) The available output noise power from an amplifier is 100 mW, the available
power gain of the amplifier is 50 db and the equivalent noise bandwidth is 30
MHz. Calculate the noise figure. [8+8]
6. (a) Plot the spectrum of a PAM wave produced by the modulating signal
m(t) = Am cos (2πfm t) assuming a modulation frequency 0.25Hz, sampling
period Ts = 1s, and pulse duration T = 0.45s.
(b) Discuss the system for recovering message signal from PAM signal. [8+8]
7. (a) Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain.
(b) Draw the block diagram of non coherent receiver for the detection of binary
FSK signals. [8+8]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 3
8. (a) What are the parallel interfaces? What is the difference between serial inter-
face and parallel interface?
(b) What is centronics parallel interface and Explain control, data and status lines
for it? [8+8]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Bio-Medical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define amplitude modulation and modulation index. Use a sketch of sinu-
soidally modulated AM waveform to help definition.
(b) The tuned circuit of the oscillator in a simple AM transmitter employs a 50
microhenry and a 1 nanofarad capacitor. If the oscillator output is modulated
by audio frequencies upto 10KHz, what is the frequency range occupied by
the sidebands? [8+8]

2. (a) With a neat circuit diagram explain the principle of operation of “reactance
modulator”. Derive the expression for equivalent reactance offered by the
circuit. Discuss how it can be used for generating FM wave.
(b) Explain why heterodyning does not vary the frequency deviation ratio of a
FM signal but frequency multiplication does. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the operation of ISB transmitter with block diagram. Where it is
used?
(b) What is the function of crystal filters in SSB transmitter?
(c) State and explain with respect to ‘Q’, various types of filters used to separate
side bands? [4+6+6]

4. (a) What are the advantages of Superheterodyne receiver as compared to a TRF

receiver?
(b) Explain clearly what is meant by image frequency in a superheat receiver and
how it can be eliminated.
(c) Define conversion transconductance of a mixer. With the help of a typical
circuit diagram, explain the working of a separately excited mixer. [6+6+4]

5. (a) Explain clearly the phenomenon of shot noise generation in active devices.
(b) Derive expression for noise figure of a cascade system of amplifiers. [8+8]

6. (a) What is Pulse Modulation? Classify pulse modulation systems.

(b) State and explain Sampling Theorem. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw the block diagram of the differential pulse code modulation transmitter
and receiver and explain the need of each block.
(b) Explain what is meant by Inter Symbol Interference? How can you remove
this? [10+6]

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Code No: RR221102 Set No. 4
8. (a) Explain the fixed routing techniques.
(b) Consider a packet - switching network of N nodes, connected by the following
topologies:
i. Star
ii. Loop
iii. Fully Connected. For each case give the average number of hops between
stations. [8+8]

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