Code No: R05222102 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Make use of neat sketches/diagrams to explain various features of a cambered

airfoil section used for low speed airplanes. Describe the importance of the
trailing edge angle of the airfoil. Locate it on the sketch/diagram.
(b) Describe the 5digit NACA numbering system for airfoils. Hence explain the
airfoil parameters for NACA 23012. [8+8]

2. (a) Prove from the first principle that the condition for a flow field to be ‘irro-
tational’ is represented by Curl grad Φ =0, where Φ is defined as velocity
potential function.
(b) Consider a source of uniform strength and obtain the streamlines emanating
out of it when placed all alone. [8+8]

3. What are the basic features of the Kutta-Joukowaki transformation? Hence show
that with the help of Kutta-Joukowaski transformation , a circle transforms to

(a) a flat plate and

(b) an ellipse.

Can this transformation be extended to obtain a symmetrical airfoil? If so demon-

strate the same by transforming a circle in to a symmetrical airfoil. [8+8]

4. Make use of the thin airfoil theory to work out an expression for Cl and Cm for a
flat plate of chord 150 mm. Obtain the results at α =40 . Where does the centre
of pressure lie in this case? What is CmLE in this case? [ 16]

5. A monoplane weighing 7.36×104 N has elliptic wings with 15.23m span. For a
speed of 90 m/s and at low level st. and level flight, find

(a) the vortex(induced) drag,

(b) the circulation round the sections halfway along the wings.

Determine the downwash due to the equivalent HSV {with Γ0 determined from
(b)above}two and half wing spans down stream of the wing. [4+4+8]

6. Consider a planar wing of aspect ratio 5, taper ratio unity, and swept aft by 450
in the plane of symmetry. Develop the Vortex Lattic Method to calculate lift
coefficient for this wing. Take the uniform chord of the wing as c = 1.0. Show as
much of the work out. (Divide the wing in 2 panels) [16]

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 1
7. (a) A 2-d point source with a strength 50 units is located at T(1.0,1.58). Obtain
the velocity potential Φ (x,z) and velocity components (u,v) at P(3.5,2.5)
(b) What are the preliminary considerations prior to establishing a numerical so-
lution to a non lifting problem using “Source Panel” technique. Hence describe
the types of boundary conditions to be satisfied by such a method. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain difference between

i. a point vortex,
ii. a constant strength vortex panel and
iii. a linearly varying strength vortex panel. Make a comparison of the three
in your judgment, and bring out your conclusions.
(b) A planar horse shoe vortex is placed symmetrically along OX on the x-axis
with its BV aligned with the y axis. Determine a general expression for the
down wash in the plane of symmetry. [8+8]

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain with neat sketches/diagrams various geometrical features of an air-

foil section. What is the importance of the trailing edge angle in an airfoil?
Elaborate.
(b) Work out from dimensional analysis the relation for lift on an airfoil. What
are your comments on this result? [8+8]
2. Obtain doublet in a uniform flow parallel to the free stream combination to produce
flow field and achieve pressure variations over a circular cylinder. Present the work
out in full. Demonstrate that this pressure variation is given by Cp = (1 − 4Sin2 θ)
[8+8]
3. Make use of the Complex Potential Function theory to obtain flow around a spin-
ning circular cylinder. Work out its dimensions and streamlines along with pressure
distribution over this object. Does it get lifted up? Present your work out. [8+8]
4. (a) What are the basic assumptions of ‘Thin Airfoil Theory developed  dy by Max

Munk?
R c kdxDevelop the general solution of the theory given by U dx
− α =
1
2π 0 x−x1
for an arbitrary thin airfoil.
(b) What are the limitations of thin airfoil theory as developed above. [12+4]
5. The variation
q of circulation over a wing planform with span ‘b’ is given below
2y 2


:Γ(y) = Γ0 1 − b Showthat

(a) the wing has elliptical lift distribution

(b) the downwash is constant along the wing planform
CL
(c) αi = πAR
CL2
(d) CDi = πAR [2+6+4+4]
6. Consider a planar wing of aspect ratio 5, taper ratio unity, and swept aft by 450
in the plane of symmetry. Develop the Vortex Lattic Method to calculate lift
coefficient for this wing. Take the uniform chord of the wing as c = 1.0. Show as
much of the work out. (Divide the wing in 2 panels) [16]
7. (a) A 2-d point source with a strength 50 units is located at T(1.0,1.5). Obtain
the velocity potential Φ(x,z) and velocity components (u,v) at P(3.5,2.5)
(b) What are the preliminary considerations prior to establishing a numerical so-
lution to a non lifting problem using “Source Panel” technique. Hence describe
the types of boundary conditions to be satisfied by such a method. [8+8]

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 2
8. (a) A 2-d point vortex of strength 60 units is located at G(2.5,3.35). Develop
an expression for velocity potential and that for velocity components(u,v) at
P(5.5,5.5) . Determine their numerical values as well.
(b) How does a vortex panel method differ from a source panel method and under
what conditions? Hence describe the formulation of a vortex panel method
for a lifting flow over a flat plate in details. [8+8]

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Make use of neat sketches/diagrams to explain various features of a positive

camber airfoil section used for low speed airplanes. Describe the importance
of the trailing edge angle of the airfoil. Locate it on the sketch/diagram.
(b) Explain the Six digit NACA numbering system for airfoils with an example.
[8+8]

2. Suggest a combination of source and uniform stream to generate flow around a

profile called Half Body. Present the work out with sketches / plots / diagrams.
[16]

3. Make use of the Complex Potential Function theory to obtain flow around a rotating
circular cylinder. Work out its dimensions and streamlines over this object. Show
Γ
that the pressure distribution over this object is given by Cp = [1−(2Sinθ + 2πU a
)2 ]
. Does it get lifted up? Present your work out. [8+8]

4. (a) What are the basic assumptions of ‘Thin Airfoil Theory developed  dy by Max

Munk?
R c kdxDevelop the general solution of the theory given by U dx
− α =
1
2π 0 x−x1
for an arbitrary thin airfoil.
(b) What are the limitations of thin airfoil theory as developed above. [12+4]

5. A monoplane weighing 7.36×104 N has elliptic wings with 15.23m span. For a
speed of 90 m/s and at low level st. and level flight, find

(a) the vortex(induced) drag,

(b) the circulation round the sections halfway along the wings.

Determine the downwash due to the equivalent HSV {with Γ0 determined from
(b)above}two and half wing spans down stream of the wing. [4+4+8]

6. Consider a large aspect ratio planar wing with sweep back and taper. Make use of
Lifting surface theory to develop the following expression (present your work out)

1
RR (x−ξ)γ(ξ,η)+(γ−η)δ(ξ,η) 1
RR (γ−η)δ(ξ,η)
w(x, y) = − 4π [(x−ξ)2 +(y−η)2 ]3/2
dξdη − 4π [(x−ξ)2 +(y−η)2 ]3/2
dξdη,
s w

where the terminology is standard for such work in aerodynamics. [16]

7. (a) A 2-d point source with a strength 50 units is located at T(1.0,1.52). Obtain
the velocity potential Φ (x,z) and velocity components (u,v) at P(3.5,2.5)

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 3
(b) What are the preliminary considerations prior to establishing a numerical so-
lution to a non lifting problem using “Source Panel” technique. Hence describe
the types of boundary conditions to be satisfied by such a method. [8+8]

8. A constant strength vortex panel of strength 60 units is located on the X-axis

from x1 =2,5 to x2 =4.55. Determine the influence of this vortex panel at a point
P(5.5,5.5) to evaluate V(u,w). Develop the expressions used for determining

(a) the velocity potential and

(b) the velocity components. [4+12]

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
AERODYNAMICS-I
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Consider flow over an unsymmetrical airfoil at α = 0o in a real fluid. What are
the forces and moments developed on the airfoil in this configuration? Make
use of aerodynamics and sketches to explain the answer.
(b) Show from dimensional analysis that the pitching moments M = f [α ,CM
,Re,Ma ] on an airfoil is proportional to the square of the free stream velocity
. What are your comments on this result? [8+8]

2. (a) Define the term “Velocity Potential” function represented by Φ Hence show
that Curl grad Φ =0 is the condition for an irrotational flow field.
(b) Show that the stream lines formed by a uniform source are radial lines origi-
nating from the centre of the source. [8+8]

3. Make use of the Complex Potential Function theory to obtain flow around a sta-
tionary circular cylinder. Work out its dimensions and streamlines over this object.
Show that the pressure distribution over this object is given by Cp = (1 − 4Sin2 θ)
. Present your work out. [8+8]

4. Given is the mean camber line of NACA 23012  airfoil section as below:
z
c
= 2.6595 ( c ) − 0.6075( c ) + 0.1147( c ) for 0 ≤ xc ≤ 0.2025 and zc = 0.02208(1−
x 3 x 2 x
x
c
) for 0.2025 ≤ xc ≤ 1.0
Calculate

(a) αat zero Cl ,

(b) Cl at α= 3.50 ,
(c) Cm at C/4. [16]

5. A monoplane weighing 7.40×104 N has elliptic wings with 15.23m span. For a
speed of 90 m/s and at low level st. and level flight, find

(a) the vortex(induced) drag,

(b) the circulation round the sections halfway along the wings.

Determine the downwash due to the equivalent HSV {with Γ0 determined from
(b)above} one wing span down stream of the wing. [4+4+8]

6. (a) Describe in brief the ‘Lifting Surface Theory’ for predicting lift on a wing with
an arbitrary planform. Make use of sketches and other representations in this
regard.

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Code No: R05222102 Set No. 4
(b) Compare the formulation in (a) above with that in the classical lifting line
theory with details. [8+8]

7. (a) A 2-d point source with a strength 50 units is located at T(1.0,1.53). Obtain
the velocity potential Φ (x,z) and velocity components (u,v) at P(3.5,2.5)
(b) What are the preliminary considerations prior to establishing a numerical so-
lution to a non lifting problem using “Source Panel” technique. Hence describe
the types of boundary conditions to be satisfied by such a method. [8+8]

8. (a) A 2-d point vortex of strength 60 units is located at G(2.5,3.25). Develop

an expression for velocity potential and that for velocity components(u,v) at
P(5.5,5.5) . Determine their numerical values as well.
(b) What are the preliminary considerations required prior to establishing of a
numerical method to work out solution of a lifting problem of a flat plate?
Explain in details. [8+8]

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