2.

2 Power cables for voltages up to 30 kV

The inductance Lin mH/km of a solid, round conductor of infinite length in the Inductance
arrangement shown in Fig. 2.2/16 is given by the expression
L = 0.2 In !! ,
I}
= 0.2 mH/km
a separation between conductor axes (mm)
I} equivalent radius of conductor (mm): I} = 0.779 r
r radius of conductor (mm)
Fig. 2.2/16
(30)
(31)
Equation (31) gives the inductance of a conductor in a single-phase a. c. system on Single-core cables
the assumption that one conductor provides the "flow" and the other the "return"
path. Equations for the inductances of conductors in a symmetrically operated
three-phase system can be obtained from Table 2.2/42.
In single-core cables, the conductor radius is only slightly different from that of a
round, solid conductor with the same cross-sectional area, so that in this case the
equations are directly applicable.
The inductances of single-core cables are greatly affected by their mutual
separation. The inductances corresponding to the arrangements and spacings
normally used in practice can be obtained from Figs. 2.2120 to 2.2122. If the
requirements are different, it is possible to use the equations of Table 2.2/42 for
calculation, provided that the cables do not have metal sheaths or screens, or that
these are earthed only at one end.
In the case of cables with metal sheaths, screens of copper wire or tape (also
referred to in this context as sheaths), the situation is more complicated. The loops
formed by the conductors and the sheaths behave like the windings of a
transformer with a ratio of l :1. Voltages relative to earth are induced in the
sheaths.
In the usual kind of installation, with through bonding of the metal sheaths in
the joint boxes and interconnecting earthing at the terminations, current arise in
the sheaths as a result of the induced voltages. The sheath currents produce a
magnetic field in opposition to that produced by the conductor currents. The in-
ductance per conductor is thereby reduced and the resistance increased.
687
2.2 Power cables for voltages up to 30 kV
Table 2.2/42
Inductance L (mH/km) in three-phase systems under symmetrical operating conditions
688
L1

8L3L1
(%----- a t21.3
L1
A

L = 0.2
Q
Lu = 0.2 (In t' au t
2
Q. aL.lu + j y'3 In
L1..2 = 0.2 (In .y' aL>LJQ' au u + j Yf In auLJ)
au L2
LL.l = 0.2 (In vaL.lLI. aL
2
Ll + j yr. In 1
Q v aL2L3
Mean inductance:
Lm = 0.2
Q
1
Mean geometrical spacing (mm):
a = v'a_LI_L_2 -. -aL-2-LJ-. 0-LJ-LI
Lu = LL2 = LLJ = L
L = 0.21n
e
Lu = 0.2 (In
0
- j Yf In y'2)
= 0.2 In !!. + 0.0692- j 0.12
Q
LLz = 0.2 In
e
LL3= 0.2 (In +jYfin2)
= 0.2 In + 0.0692 + j 0.12
Q
Mean inductance:
a
Lm = 0.2 In-
Q
Mean geometrical spacing (mm):
a = Vr a
i
J
2.2 Power cables for voltages up to 30 kV
If two busbars are interconnected by several parallel systems of single-core
cables, the inductances of the parallel cables per phase should be the same. if
possible, since they determine the sharing of current between the individual
cables. The distance between two single-core cable systems should be about
twice the distance between the axes of the individual cables of a system. More-
over, the phase sequence within the system is very important. Depending on the
number of three-phase systems, the following phase sequences are recom-
mended:
Ll U L3 L3 L2 L1 Ll L2 L3 L3 L2 Ll etc.
With several parallel systems in trefoil arrangement, it is advantageous to
arrange the cables as follows:
Ll L2 L3 L3 L2 Ll Ll L2 L3 L3 L2 Ll
For further information see the Siemens Handbook "Power Cables and their
Application".
The equations given in Table 2.2/42 apply in principle also to multi-core cables.
Their conductors are in most cases not round, and the cores are often arranged
asymmetrically, as, for example, in four-core cables for 0.6/1 kV. The armouring
of multi-core cables usually consists of ferromagnetic material, which by concen-
trating the magnetic field increases the inductance. Corrections to the calculated
values based on measured results are therefore necessary. The inductances of the
commonly used types of cable are accordingly given in Figs. 2.2120 to 2.2122.
They are sufficiently accurate for practical applications.
The capacitances are determined by the dimensions of the cables and the relative
permittivity e, (Figs. 2.2/17 and 2.2118). In the case of belted cables, it is necessary
to rely upon measured values because of the inhomogeneity of the insulation, and
particularly the effect of the interstices. Reference values for the operating
capacitances are given in Figs. 2.2/20 to 2.2122.
Multi-core cables
Effective
capacitance
689