General Procedure for Concrete Footing Design

STEP 1 Determine your givens. - Type of footing reqd (isolated, combined, etc) - Dimensions of column the footing supports - Loadings (take the most critical from STAAD) - Material properties (fc, fy) - Net allowable soil pressure (qa) (if given gross allowable, must calculate net) o Requires: unit weights of soil and concrete resting above, and dept of footing STEP 2 Find and dimensions of footing area - Get area of footing required (A=total unfactored load/qa) - Round up to get a footing size STEP 3 Prepare to design Find factored load Pf - Find factored soil pressure: qf = Pf/A STEP 4 Design for Shear at the critical section (GIVES YOU YOUR FOOTING DEPTH) STEP 4B Beam (1 way) Shear - Locate the critical section (a distance equal to the depth of concrete d, measured from column face) - Get factored shear force (Vf) (YOUR LOAD) o Vf = qfAcrit o Acrit = area outside the critical section line - Get factored shear resistance provided by concrete (Vc) (YOUR SUPPORT) o First assume d < 300mm. get equation for Vc o If it is not satisfied, then assume d>300, use the other equation - Must ensure that Vf < Vc (SUPPORT CAN WITHSTAND LOAD) o Equate Vc = Vf. o Solve for the min critical section (d) STEP 4B Punching (2 way) Shear - Locate the critical section (d/2 perimeter around column) - Find Vf o Vf = qfAcrit o Acrit = area outside perimeter of critical section - Calculate the 3 eqs for Vc and take the smallest - Equate Vc = Vf - Solve for min critical section (d)

The shear that requires a GREATER DEPTH WILL GOVERN. Use that value of d. STEP 5 Calculate height of footing. - Height = depth (d) + cover height + 1.5*thickness of bars Round up to get height Back calculate to get davg STEP 6 Design for flexure. (DETERMINES REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED IN FOOTING) STEP 6A Find the Area of steel rebar required: - Find factored moment Mf - Find Kr = Mf/bd2 - Get the percentage of area of rebar required: p (rho) - Get the minimum area allowed: Asmin - Get the area calculated using p (rho): As = p*cross section Area of concrete - Take the larger of the two - Decide on the size and quantity of rebar. STEP 6B Find the development length (ld) for the rebar chosen above. - Look in ACI 318 Chapter 12 for the equation - Check that the available length can accommodate those rebars - If not, select a different size and quantity STEP 7 Transfer of force at column base (DETERMINES REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED INSIDE COLUMN) STEP 7A Determine if compressive force exceeds the bearing capacity of the concrete - Use factored compressive force P - Get the factored bearing resistance Fbr o For column face sqrt(A2/A1) = 1 (?) o For footing face, sqrt(A2/A1) = sqrt(area of footing/area of column) - Ensure that compressive force can be sustained by the bearing capacity: P<Fbr - If not, you must add EXTRA reinforcement to the column (see step 8) STEP 7B If it EXCEEDS, add reinforcement to the column. - As = 5% * column area - Determine the size and quantity of rebar required to meet this minimum area As - Find development length (ld) o Look at ACI 318, chapter 12 o (Note: db is the diameter of the bar)

o (use the one for compression, since its a column) Check that the depth of the footing can accommodate the development length