Seminar report 2011

WIMAX

INTRODUCTION

WiMAX is defined as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as Wireless MAN. The Forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL". WiMAX is not a technology, but rather a certification mark, or 'stamp of approval' given to equipment that meets certain conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16 family of standards. A similar confusion surrounds the term Wi-Fi, which like WiMAX, is a certification mark for equipment based on a different set of IEEE standards from the 802.11 working group for wireless local area networks (WLAN). Neither WiMAX, nor Wi-Fi is a technology but their names have been adopted in popular usage to denote the technologies behind them. This is likely due to the difficulty of using terms like 'IEEE 802.16' in common speech and writing. Potential applications of wimax due its efficient bandwidth are:

Providing high-speed mobile data and telecommunications services (4G). Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless internet connection they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage.

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WIMAX

WIMAX TECHNOLOGY

1.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF WIMAX:

1. Many companies are closely examining WiMAX for "last mile" connectivity at high data rates. This could result in lower pricing for both home and business customers as competition lowers prices. 2. This extension provides for non-line of sight access in low frequency bands like 2 - 11 GHz. 3. Fixed wireless is the base concept for the metropolitan area networking (MAN), given in the 802.16 standard. These base stations use the media access control (MAC) layer, and allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth to subscribers as per their individual needs. This is basically on a real-time need basis. 4. WiMax supporters are focusing on the broadband ~Slast mile~T in unwired areas, and on back-haul for WiFi hotspots. WiMax is expected to support mobile wireless technology too, wireless transmissions directly to mobile end users. 5. The IEEE wireless standard has a range of up to 30 miles, and can deliver broadband at around 75 megabits per second. This is theoretically, 20 times faster than a commercially available wireless broadband.

1.2 Comparisons between Complements of wimax:

WiMax offers a rich feature set and flexibility, which also increases the complexity of service deployment and provisioning for fixed and mobile networks. Let us take a look at the WiMax Management Information Base (MIB).

As we learnt in the previous pages, that WiMax was formed to complement Bluetooth and WiFi technologies, let us look at the differences in each of these: 2

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Parameters Frequency Range Data Transfer Rate Users

WiMax 2 ~V 11 GHz ~31 miles 70mbps

WLAN 2.4 GHz ~100 meters 11 ~V 55mbps

Bluetooth Varies ~10 meters 20 ~V 55mbps

1000s

> 10

> 10

Difference between WiMax, WLAN and Bluetooth

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WIMAX

ARCHITECTURE OF WIMAX

The 802.11 is based on a distributed architecture, whereas, WiMax is based on a centrally controlled architecture. In this the scheduler residing in the Base station (BS) has the complete control of the wireless media access. WiMax can support multiple connections conforming to a set of QoS parameters and provides the packet classifier ability to map the connections to many user applications and interfaces. WiFi and WiMax may end up complementing each other, but a new technology, IEEE 802.20, might give them both a run for their money. IEEE 802.20 standard like the 802.16 is aimed at wireless high-speed connectivity to mobile consumer devices like cellular phones, PDAs and laptops. It will operate in the 500 MHz ~V 3.5 GHz and is led by Flarion Technologies and ArrayComm.

The above figure shows the management reference model for BWA (Broadband Wireless Access ) networks. This consists of a Network Management System 4

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WIMAX

(NMS), some nodes, and a database. BS and SS managed nodes collect and store the managed objects in an 802.16 MIB format. Managed objects are made available to NMS' using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). When a customer subscribes to the WiMax service, the service provider asks the customer for the service flow information. This would include number of UL / DL connections with the data rates and QoS parameters. The customer also needs to tell the kind of applications that he proposes to run.

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WIMAX

STANDARDS

1. fixed IEEE 802.16 -2004 2. mobile IEEE802.16e-2005(December) IEEE Std 802.16-2004 (802.16d) addresses only fixed systems. 802.16e adds mobility components to the standard. IEEE 802.16e: This version of IEEE was released in the year 2005 but is yet to be certified by the year 2008 /2009. This IEEE standard will adapt the 3G & 4G technology . 3.1. Scope: Long Term Evolution, Ultra Mobile Broadband, WiMAX Key to Wireless 4G 1.Although an official definition of wireless 4G technology will not be released until the 2008/2009 timeframe in the form of the ITU's IMT-Advanced requirements, there are already clear contenders for the designation, reports In-Stat. The primary 4G technologies of the future are expected to be Long Term Evolution (LTE), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and IEEE 802.16m WiMAX, the high-tech market research firm says. 2. "Companies are extremely uncomfortable talking about '4G' technologies, since the ITU has not defined 4G yet," says Gemma Tedesco, In-Stat analyst. "However, each of the contending 4G technologies has a cheerleader, with Ericsson touting LTE, Qualcomm preferring UMB, and Intel touting 802.16m WiMAX." The basic requirements for a full-fledged wimax version are: 1. Two widely expected requirements for 4G technologies are that they be OFDMA-based, and that they support 100Mbps for wide area mobile applications.

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2. With the dominant worldwide technology currently being GSM/EDGE, and HSPA and EV-DO handsets not expected to be dominant until 2012, 4G technology roll-outs will most likely start in the 2010-2012 timeframe. 3. Drivers of LTE, UMB and 802.16m WiMAX adoption will include the following: the re-allocation of older spectrum for 4G technologies; the resolution of any WiMAX IPR issues; the creation of FDD profiles for 802.16e WiMAX; the uptake rate of 802.16e in Mobile PCs; the uptake rate of 3G cellular in Mobile PCs; the continued evolution of the mobile handset; and an increase in the uptake rate of wireless broadband technologies into portable CE devices. The range of wimax at present and in the future:

This area covers the 1 mile distance coverage, which is present wimax scenario. This area covers the full-fledged 31 miles coverage of the future wimax.

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WIMAX

HOW DOES WIMAX WORKS

The basic idea in WiMAX is to use high transmit power and focused signals, using directional antennas. The base standard operates in the 10 GHz to 60 GHz range. Thus, the risk of interference is very limited. Theoretically, a signal channel can provide data rates of up to 100 Mbps on both uplink and downlink. Operators can use multiple channels and provide bandwidths up to 350 Mbps. This significantly higher than all the existing Wi-Fi and cellular technologies, which can, at best, provide 100 Mbps, respectively? The base standard is meant to be a fixed wireless access for point-to-multipoint (PMP) connections. This means that a single WiMAX base station will be able to connect either an ISP or a public telephone network situated over a distance of 50 km. This also means that a single base station is able to distribute traffic to many subscriber stations that are either placed on rooftops or even indoors. PMP uses a scheduling mechanism that yields a high efficiency since stations transmit only their slots, thereby avoiding contention among stations. In addition to PMP, WiMAX also supports mesh mode networking, in which subscriber stations communicate directly with each other. This reduces the need for line of sight (LOS), as well as deployment costs.

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WIMAX

DEPLOYEMENT
The deployment considerations for a wireless metropolitan area network based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 Air Interface Standards, commonly referred to as WiMAX. Deployments using licensed spectrum in the 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz frequency bands. Licensed Spectrum for Wireless MANs Although both the 3.5 GHz Band and the 2.5 GHz Band are not universally available worldwide for fixed wireless access, at least one the two bands is available in most every major country. 3.5 GHz Band: The 3.5 GHz band is available as a licensed band in many countries outside the United States for fixed broadband wireless access 2.5 GHz Band: This band is allocated for fixed microwave services in many countries including the United States although many of these countries have rules which do not support two-way services it is expected that this will change as WiMAX equipment becomes more readily available worldwide and operators lobby for more licensed spectrum for both fixed and mobile broadband services Modes of transmissions and the frequency: Attribute Duplexing Channel Bandwidth Adaptive Modulation Nominal System Gain for Outdoor CPEs 2.5 GHz Band 3.5 GHz Band TDD FDD 5 MHz 2 x 3.5 MHz BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (COFDM-256) 163 dB at BPSK 164 dB at BPSK

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Competing technologies ;

WiMAX is a framework for wireless development based on a forwardlooking core set of technologies. the High Speed Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group, have shifted toward use of similar constructs of multi-channel scalable OFDM, HARQ, FEC, MIMO-AAS and other complementary technologies as are part of WiMAX. Within the marketplace, WiMAX's main competition comes from widely deployed wireless systems with overlapping functionality such as UMTS and CDMA2000, as well as a number of Internet oriented systems such as HIPERMAN and WiBro.

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APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX
Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and to other parts of the Internet. Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) for last mile (last km) broadband access. Providing high-speed mobile data and telecommunications services (4G). Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan. That is, if a business has a fixed and a wireless internet connection they are unlikely to be affected by the same service outage. Providing Nomadic connectivity.

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CONCLUTION

The IEEE 802.16e version of the wimax will revolutionarise the computing system. It will make the vision of ubiquitous computing come to life. The entire world including the rural areas will come into a single network of wireless systems. With in a year this phenomenon of ubiquitous computing through wimax is going to be a reality.

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REFERENCES
1. Technical Magazines: i) Information Technology. ii) Network Computing. 2. Internet: i) www.wikipedia.org ii) www.howstuffworks.com iii) www.ieee.com

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