Smith Poisonous Plants of All Countries 1923 Complete

ISONOUS PLANTS
OF ALL COUNTRIES
A BERNHA RD-^ SMITH

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200M/09-98-981815
POISONOUS PLANTS
OF ALL COUNTRIES
BY
a:
in I.ATE HOUSE-SURGEON
bernhard-smith
; ;
;
TO LORD LISTER, KLN'g's COLLEGE HOSPITAL, LONDON GRADUATE OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, PARIS UNIVERSITY DIPLOMATS OF THE SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES, LONDON MEMBER OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION SURGEON TO THE PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
SECOND EDITION
LONDON
BAILLIERE, TINDALL
8,
& COX
2
HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

1923
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
PREFACE
In publishing the present work I have to acknowledge
indebtedness to Mr.
culled
my
"
W.
Miller for the
many names
have
from
his " Dictionary of the English
Names of Plants
also to the curators of the Natural History
Museum, and the
Botanical Gardens at Kew, Penang, and Colombo, for their
courtesy in affording
I
me
opportunities for study.
have been
criticised,
regarding a former work, for not

of
naming the toxins

principles
of
many
the plants.
When
these
have been
identified,
and possibly a revised
classifi-
cation
made by
the Botanists, I shall be in a position to

edition.
make
amends in a future The plants
illustrated,
and whose numbers correspond to
their descriptions in the text, are reduced one-fifth.
The
Micro-Fungi
diameters.
and
Bacteria
are
magnified
five
hundred
THE AUTHOR.
London,
January, 1923.
46839
INTRODUCTION
The
in the following pages are now cultivation, although cultivation
poisonous principles contained in the plants described known to exist even under
may modify
their virulence;
and exposure, also, to the influence of heat, acids, or antiseptics, would seem in many cases to render the toxin inert.
Sea-water, or the iodine contained in it, appears to be incompatible to vegetable toxins and it is an interesting and
;
significant fact that iodine, besides being antagonistic to very
many,
of the alkaloids, will destroy
most Micro-Fungi and
those of the Bacteria which cause infectious disease. Among Micro-Fungi the Pyrenomycetes, Carpomycetes, and Oomycetes need a living host, which they have the power of
selecting
i.e., Puccinia graminis selects Wheat and Barbery, while P. coronata prefers Grass and Buckthorn. Pencillium and Aspergillus, however, will thrive equally on living or dead
organic food-material.
The virulence
just as the
of the microscopic plant causing
Glanders
{Bacillacece) is increased
when
grafted from the horse to man,

thrives
mistletoe-plant
best
when
artificially
grafted from one species of tree to another.
Bacteria have come from a common ancestor, we assume certain ultra-microscopic forms which have become acclimatised to mankind; and we must, for the the nature of a ferment, present, suppose these forms to be
Again; since
all
or enzyme, produced by the Bacterium. The affection known as Dengue is caused by one or more of these ultra-microscopic ferments. Pellagra will ultimately
prove to be due to vitamin deficiency, and not to the fungus Pencillium glaucum. Sprue, on the other hand, is almost

VUl
certainly caused
INTRODUCTION
by one
of the yeast fungi {Monilia psilosis
?),
but the causation of animal malignant growths is still far to seek. Further research, however, into the life-history of the twelve "wild yeasts" known to inhabit the human intestinaltract, should lead to incidental, if not definite, results.
It has been found impracticable to arrange the species in botanical order according to their poisonous effects although, no doubt, as we learn more, we shall be able to classify them
;
more approximately. Such of the Micro-Fungi and Bacteria as are known to be hurtful are here noticed under the head of Specific Irritants; and the treatment suitable to each case of poisoning must be adopted. In the treatment of poisoning by the larger plants,
however, our remedies include
Diluents (wash out the stomach with plenty

Emetics
(especially Mustard).
of
warm
water).
Tannin
Iodine.
ing.
Dilute Solution.
i.e.,
strong Coffee or Tea.
For Opium poison-
Antidotes
Digitalis. Tinct. B.P. Rxx. hypoderm. For Aconite poisoning. Nit. gr. J. hypoderm. In poisonPilocarpine. ing by Deliriants.
Stimulants
Alcohol; or Strong Ammonia to nostrils. Strychnine. Sol. B.P. Tl\ii. hjrpoderm. Atropine. Gr. J. hypoderm. Faradic Current. Oxygen Inhalation. Artificial Respiration.
Opium.
Sedatives
^
In
poisoning
by
Purgatives
or
Irritants.
Chloroform Inhalation.
Chloral. Pot. Brom.
In poisoning by Convulsives tants. or

Irri-
Purgatives (Castor
Oil).
Demulcents (Sweet Rest and Warmth.
Oil;
Raw
Eggs).
CLASSIFICATION
ACTING ON THE BRAIN.
I.
Narcotics.
Papaveracese.
II.
Deliriants.
Dipterocarpacese,
Solanacese.
Linacese.
Cannabinse.
Menispermacese.
III.
Inebriants.
Compositae.
Leguminosse.
ACTING ON THE SPINAL-CORD.

CONVULSIVES.
Loganiacese.
ACTING ON THE HEART.

I.
Depressants.
Lobeliacese.
Solanacese.
Umbelliferse.
Leguminosse.
Rutacese.
II.
Rubiacese.
Asthenics.
Ranunculacese.
ix
Rosacese.
Leguminosae.
Apocynacese.
Urticaceee.
Scrophulariacese.
Liliacese.
CLASSIFICATION
IRRITANT POISONS.
I.
Purgatives.
Guttiferse.
Liliacese.
Cucurbitaceae.
Convolvulacese.
EuphorbiacesB.
Ranunculacese.
II.
Irritants with Nerve-Symptoms.

Umbelliferse.
Coniferse.
Fungi.
Euphorbiacese.
Leguminosse.
III.
Simple Irritants.
Amarylidacese.
Oleaceae.
Liliaceae.
Aracese.
culaceae.
Thymelacese.
Cucurbitaceae.
Ranun
Caryo Bora
Aristolochiacese.
phyllaceae.
ginacese.
Compositae.
Balsaminacese.
Fumariacese.
Caprifoliacese.
Dioscoriacese.
Celastracese
Rhamnacese.
Iridacese.
Papaveracese.
Polygalacese.
Crassulacese.
Droseracese
Polygonacese.
Plumbaginacese
Anacardiaceee.
Leguminosese.
SPECIFIC IRRITANTS.
I.
Micro-Fungi.
UstilagineaB.
Palmellaceae. Tinese.
Perisporiacese. Urediueae.
Peronosporese.
Hjrpocracese.
Mucorinese.
Erysiphese.
II.
Bacteria.
Bacillacesa.
Coccacese.
PRINCIPLES
xi
POISONOUS PRINCIPLES CONTAINED IN THE PLANTS DESCRIBED.

hitter Prinwhich act as bases. They are sparingly soluble in water and combine with acids to form salts :
VEGETO-ALKALOIDS. Compound Ammonias. They are nitrogenous,
ciples,
Aconitine. Adamstonine. Agaricine. Akargine. Alstonine. Arecoline. Arictine. Artarine. Atropine. Berberine. Brucine.
Buphanine. Buxidine. Buxine. Calabarine. Calamine. Carpaine. Cevadine. Chelidonine. Chelerythrine. Chloroxylonine. Choline. Cicutine. Clematine. Cocaine. Codeine. Colchicine. Conine.* Coniceine. Consolidine. Coroniline. Curarine.* Cusperine. Cynapine. Cynoglossine. Cystisine. Delphinine. Delphinoidine. Delphinisine. Dioscorine. Drumine. Emetine. Ergotoxine. Erythrine. Erythrophloine. Eserine. Fumarine. Gelseminine. Glaucine. Gleditischine. Grandiflorine. Guipsine. Gymnocladine. Harmaline. Heliotropine. Hydrastine. Hyoscyamine. Hyoscine. Imperialine. Incine. Jervine. Laurotetanine. Lobeline.* Loliine. Lophorine. Lotm?idine. Mandragorine. Mercurialine. Mescaline. Morphine. Muawine. Muscarine.* Nandanine. Narcissine. Nicotine.* Oleandrine. Pelhtarine. PeUotine. Phalline., Phytolaccine. Piliganine. Pilocarpine. Piperovatine. Piscidine. Pithecolobine. Porphjrrine. Pseudaconitine. Pukateine. Rhoeadine. Ricinone. Sanguinarine. Sapotoxine. Scrophularine. Senechifoline. Solanine. Sparteine.* Spigeline. Stillingene. Strychnine. Taxine. Temuline. Thebaine. Timbonine. Trigonelline. Veratrine. Veratrone. Xanthoxyline.
* Liquid
and
volatile.
GLUCOSIDES.
Carbo- Hydrates which are usually crystalline. When decomposed by Acids {or Chemical Ferments = Enzymes) they split up into Glucose and an Alcohol, Aldehyde, Phenol, or other product
Acorin. Adonidin. ^sculin. Amygdalin. Andromedo toxin. Anemonin. Antiarin. Arbutin. Arnicin. Artemesin. Asarin.
Asclepiadin. Bryonia. Cerberin. Chiancin. Chrysarobin. Convallamarin. Convallarin. Coriamyrtin. Crocin. Cuscutin. Cyclamin. Digitalin. Digitoxin. Erecolin. Frangulin. Gitalin. Githagin. Hederin. Heleborin. Inulin. Iridin. Jalapin.
xii
PRINCIPLES
Ligustrin.
Kurakin.
Megarrhizin.
Mallo toxin. Linarin, Ligustron. Oubain. Paristyphnin. Phaseoluvatin. Polygalin. Rhinanthin. Ricin. Rosaginin, Santonin. Saporubin. Smilacin. Stropanthin. Tanghinin. Tutin. Xanthostrumarin.
Xyloglostein.
OEGANIC ACIDS.
Hydro-Carbons formation :
teic.
requiring
vital
power
to
effect
their
Absinthic. Angelic. Euodic. Filicic. Sphacelinic. nilic.
Chrysophanic. Crotonoleic. Formic. Helvellic. Prussic.
Equis-
Rheo-
NEUTRAL PRINCIPLES.
Proximate, crystalline bodies whose chemical characters have not been determined :
Aloin. Andirin. Apocynamarin. Apocynin. Aristoloctin. Coumarin. Convolvulin. Coloc3Tithin. Boldin. A-toxin. Lactucin. Hysenanchin. Euphorbin. Elaterin. Echujin. Menianthin. MoLininarin. Lupinotoxin. Megarrhizatin. Nereodorin. Nereodorein. Narthecin. Mjnristicin. nesin.
Periplocin.
Podophyllo toxin. Plumbagin. Phylanthin. Thevetin. Syringin. Scillitoxin. Scillipiain. Robin. Thevetoxin. Urechitoxin. Vellarin. Viburnin.
RESINS. Complex Hydro-Carbons which are Oxidation-products of the Volatile Oils :

Cambogin.
(Enanthin.
formed
among
the
Euonymin.
Gratiolin.
Guiacum.
Mezerein.
VOLATILE OILS.
Aromatic, non-greasy Hydro-Carbons which impart their pro2}erties to water ; and contain Alcohols, Ketones, Stearoptines, etc.
:
Anemone.
Cardol. tongue.
Baneberry.
Cicuta.
Bay.
Crotonal.
Bomeol.
Cannabinon
Cedar.
Tansy.
Pennyroyal. Jequiritol. Toxicodendrol. Valerian.
Euphorbia. HoundsPlumbago. Rue. Savin Wintergreen. Yew.
ACRID JUICES AND MILKS.

Not
yet identified.
POISONS ACTING ON THE BRAIN

I
NARCOTICS
Symptoms. Giddiness; dimness of sight; contracted pupils; headache; noises in the ears; confusion of ideas, and drowsiness, passing into insensibility.
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM
OPIUM
{Cultivated in Britain).
1.
POPPY WHITE POPPY CARNATION POPPY POPPY JOAN SILVERPIN BALE-WORT.
PEONY
Papaveracece.
divided, glaucous.
Capsule nearly globular. Leaves unequally Waste places; 3 annual; July; white
ft.;
or purplish, purple at base.
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles.mORTBISE,
also contained in
CODEINE, THEBAINE,
Papaver somniferum floreplenum, Papaver somniferum nigrum.

The nozicms poppy
quencher of
the mind.
Cowper: " The Salad.^*

2.
PAPAVER RHiEAS
{British).
CORN POPPY CORN FLOWER CORN ROSE CANKER ROSE COCK ROSE COP ROSE COPPER ROSE BLIND EYES HEAD ACHE RED WEED.
nearly globular.
Papaveracece. Capsule smooth,
deep
scarlet, often
July; Cornfields;
brown at common.
base.
Flowers
ft.;
annual; June and
Toxic Principle.RHJEADm
Though he partook
(MORPHINE
?).
the poppy's red effrontery.
Browotnq: " SordeUo.""
Library
POISONOUS PLANTS OF ALL COUNTRIES
II
DELIRIANTS
Symptoms, Spectral illusions; delirium; dilated pupils; and dryness of the mouth; inco-ordination. Occasionally, though rarely, there are paralysis and tetanoid spasms.
thirst,
DATURA STRAMONIUM
THORN APPLE
{British).
3.
DEWTBY DEVIL'S APPLE JAMES-TOWN- WEEDSTINK- WEED APPLE PERU. Solanacece. Leaves ovate, angular and sinuated. Fruit annual; July-September; white. spiny. Waste ground; 2
DEVIL's TRUMPET
ft.;
(Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles.ATROPINE, HYOSCYAMINE, HYOSCINE,

also contained in D. alba,D. arborea, D. ceratocaiila,D. fastuosa,
D. ferox, D. Metel, D. tatula.

At the further end of the palm-house stood The tree of knowledge of Evil and Good. RoBEET Ross: " The Landgrave.'^
HYGSCYAMUS NIGER
COMMON HEN-BANE
Solanacece,
(British).
4.
COMMON
1
HEN-BELL.
Flowers
sessile.
Leaves downy, sinuated.Stem clasping. Waste ground; annual; July; dingy

ft.;
yellow, with purple veins.
(Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles.HYOSCYAMDUE,
Upon my
HYOSCINE,
also con-
tained in H. albus, H. muticus, Duboisa myoporoides.

secure hour thy uncle stole
vial.
With juice of cursed Hebenon in a
And
The
in the porches of my ears did pour leperous distUment.
Shakespeare: " Hamlet,**
W8A
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM
5.
COMMON POTATO. Solanacece.A tuber.Stem herbaceous. Leaflets

Flowers
in
ovate.
racemes. 1
ft.;
annual; June-August; bright

{Fatalities.)
purple; stamens yellow.
Fruit green.
me
here.
:
Toxic Principle.SOLARISE.
Let the sky rain potatoes^
,
. .
will shelter
Shakespeabe
" Merry Wives of Windsor.'^
SOLANUM CRISPUM
Solanacece.
6.
POTATO TREE.
Stem woody. A wall climber. Leaves ovate. Flowers in perennial; June-August; 6 light
clusters.
ft.;
purple; stamens yellow.
Toxic Principle. SOLASINE, also contained in S. bahamense, S. carolinense, S. Lycopersicum, Scopala atrapoides,
S. japonica, S. verbascifolium.
No
purple bloom the Child

of
Nature brings
nightshade
''
:
From
flattery^ s
Coleridge
To a
Yourig Lady.''
MANDRAGORA OFFICINALIS. MANDRAGORA VERNALIS {S. Europe).

COMMON MANDRAKE
Solanacece.
7.
MEDICINAL MANDRAKE
DEVIL's APPLES.
hardy; perennial; almost stemless. Flower white to bluish, ft. odour foetid, large, reticulately veined; corolla campanulate, 5-fid, lobes broad, flat, imbricated; May.Fruit, a large Leaves petiolate, oblong - lanceolate and ovate, berry. undulated; 1 ft. long; tasteless.
A herb;
Root spindle-shaped, forked, 4-5
Toxic Principle.mA^DBAGORlNE,
Quit, quit, for shame! this will not move. This cannot take her ; If of herself she will not love. Nothing can make her ; 1 take her ! The
Suckling: " Encouragements
to
Lover.^*
SOLANUM DULCAMARA
(British).
8.
WOODY NIGHTSHADE BITTER-SWEET FELON WORTFELON WORT MORTAL FELON WOOD.
Solanacece.
in drooping clusters.
bright
flavour.
A climbing shrub. Leaves cordate. Flowers Hedges; abundant; 6 June-August; purple; stamens yellow. Berries red; bitter-sweet
ft.;
.
. .
Toxic Principle.SOLANUHE.
Or
its
the dusky flowers of nightshade red and tempting fruit.
Coleridge:
""
To a
Friend.'^
SOLANUM NIGRUM
[British).
8a.
BLACK NIGHTSHADE GARDEN NIGHTSHADE BERRY PETTY MOREL.
HOUND's
Stem herbaceous. Leaves ovate; waved. drooping umbels. A common weed; 1 ft.; annual; Flowers in June-September. White; stamens yellow. Berries black. Toxic Principle. SOLANINE, OS per cent.
Solanacece.
The
taste thereof
And
in the
was as hot honey sweet, mouth ran soft and riotous. Swinburne: ''St. Dorothy.''
ATROPA BELLADONNA
(British).
9.
BELLADONNA BANE WORT BLACK CHERRY DEADLY NIGHTDWALE DWAY BERRIES GREAT MOREL SHADE
NAUGHTY man's CHERRY.

Solanacece.^tem herbaceous. Leaves ovate; tasteless. Flowers solitary.Waste ground; 3 ft.; perennial; June; dull
purple.
Berries black.
Nor
(Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles.ATROVmE, HYOSCINE.
By
suffer thy pale forehead to be kissed nightshade ...
Keats: " Ode
to
,,,,, Mdamhdy.
ERYTHROXYLUM COCA
COCA BUSH
{South America).
10.
SPADIC
BUSH.
Lirmcece.A shrub; 2-4 ft.Leaves closely placed; alternate; shortly stalked; lanceolate; entire; glaucous beneath, with a longitudinal arched line on either side of midrib.
Flowers drooping; 3 to 4 in axils of leaves, pale yellow. Fruit oblong ovoid, smooth, red.Seed filling the endocarp.
Toxic Principle. COCAINE.
I don't care if
it
snows
Popular Catchword.
{British).
LINUM CATHARTICUM
PURGING FLAX
Linacece.
11.
FATRY
FLAX
DWARF
ins.;
FLAX FAIRY
LINT
MILL-MOUNTAIN.
Dry pastures; common; 4-6

white or yellowish.
When, through
its
Leaves opposite, obovate; upper ones lanceolate.

annual; June-September;
Toxic Principle.LimiNARnSi.
the unripe
The
level
flax
light.
hatj-transparent stalks at eve.
sunshine glimmers with green
Coleridge: " Fears in Sditvde.'^
DRYOBALANOPS CAMPHORA. DRYOBALANOPS AROMATICA {Sumatra

Borneo).
12.
and
CAMPHOR TREE.
gigantic tree; evergreen; 100 ft. Flowers yellowish red, in axillary panicles. Leaves alt., obtusely acuminate, involute, stipules convolute, elliptic, entire, coriaceous, shining, deciduous, oblong, terminating the branches with a point, veins running from midrib to margin.
Dipterocarpacece.
Flowers in racemes; calyx permanent, tubular, afterwards ovary superior, threeforming elongated wings over Fruit a drupe. Aromatic.
fruit;
celled.
Toxic Principle.BORNEOL, also contained in Rosmarindus

officinalis,
Ledum
palustre.
est odoribus.
Tuis capiUus albus
Horace:
''
Epode xvii."

CANNABIS SATIVA (Asia). 13. COMMON HEMP INDIAN HEMP BHANG FIMBLE.
ft.;
Stem 3-10 slightly woody. Leaves numerous, alternate, palmate, on long deeply lanceolate. Flowers, stamens stigmas protruding beyond perianth. Fruit one-seeded, supported by a bract. annual yellowish
Cannahince.
petioles,
5,
serrate,
linear,
Toxic Principles. OIL OF HEMP, TRIGONELLINE, also contained in Trigonella f oenum graecum.
As a
The green bud
heart that it's anguish divine in cloven . .
.
Swinburne; " Hespera."
ANAMIRTA PANICULATA {India and Malay Peninsula). MENISPERMUM COCCULUS. 14.

COCCULUS INDICUS.
Menispermacece.
;
A large woody twiner. Bark cork-like.
Leaves alternate on stalks thickened at both ends, and prehensile. Flowers small; dioecious; in pendulous, compound
racemes,
1 ft. long, springing from the old wood; pale green. Fruit, usually two; rounded, ovoid drupes; h in. black. Seed reniform on section.
Toxic Principles.FlCROTOXm,
Hope grew round me
CURARINE.
And fruits and foliage
like the twining vine
not
my
own, seemed mine.
Coleridge: " Dejection."
Ill
INEBRIANTS
Symptoms. Excitement
circulation; loss of
of cerebral functions, of co-ordination,
and
of
of the
power
and
muscular
sleep,
movements, with double vision; leading to profound deep coma.
and

PISCIDIA
Leguminosce.
tree; 30
ft.
ERYTHRINA
{West Indies).
15.
JAMAICA DOGWOOD
FISH-POISON
TREE.
The only known Flowers white, and
species of this genus.
mixed with blood-colour;
appearing before the leaves; calyx-teeth broadly triangular; standard silky-hoary outside the claw, almost equalling the
calyx; panicles lateral, sometimes ovate and dense flowered,
scarcely 3 ins. long (sometimes elongate thyrsoid, 6-12 ins.
long).
May. Leaves
alt.
pinnate, exstipulate; leaflets 7-11,
oval, obovate, or broadly oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate,
lance-shaped, bearing
at length coriaceous, 2-4 ins. long on stalks J in. long. 4, projecting, longitudinal wings.
Pod
T oxic Principle.PISCIDINE,
nesis.
Blasted by that rose-acacia
also contained in P. carthagi-
We're so proud of
Browning: "
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister.^'
ARTEMISIA PAUCIFLORA. ARTEMISIA LERCHEANA {Scandinavia). WORM SEED SANTONIN.

Compositce.
16.
Shrubby. Rootstock branching from the woody-white. Shoots short; numerous; Leaves alternate. Flowers crowded in Branches spike-like panicles; 3-5 in each head; bluish. perennial.
crown.
1
ft.;
erect.
Toxic Principle. SAl^TONJN.

Daisies, smell-less yet most quaint.
Beaumont and Fletcher: "
Bridal Song.''
ARTEMISIA MARITIMA {British). 17. SEA WORMWOOD GARDEN CYPRESS.

Compositce.
linear segments.
1 J ft.
with Erect. Leaves downy, Flowers in drooping racemes. Sea-shore, perennial. September. yellowish.
bipinnatifid,
Toxic Principle.ARTEMISIN, Meantime, just medidate my madrigal

0' the mugwort that conceals a dewdrop safe.
Browning: "
Sordello.''
10

ARTEMISIA ABSINTHUM {British). i7a. ABSmTH COMMON WORMWOOD OLD WOMAN.
CompositcB.Le3ives bipinnatifid ^dth lanceolate segments, downy.Waste places; 1ft.; perennial; August dingy yellow.
;
Toxic Principle.ABSINTHIC ACID.

These for frenzy he . . . speedy and a sovereign remedy ; The hitter wormwood, sage and marigold.
Clorin s Song.
^^
POISONS ACTING ON THE SPINAL
COED
GONVULSIVES
Symptoms. Clonic (intermittent) spasms, extending from above downwards; opisthotonos very violent; but trismus
(lockjaw) rare; swallowing spasmodic; death, usually, in less
than three hours, or rapid recovery.
STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA
Java,
etc.).
{Southern India,
18.
POISON-NUTCROW-FIG KACHITA. Trunk short; thick. Loganiacece. A moderate-sized shortly Bark smooth. Leaves opposite; without tricotomous cymes at stalked; oval-rotundate. Flowers in branches; greenish white. Fruit a smooth, shining, ends pulp with rind tough orange globular berry 2 immersed. Seeds in which seeds are irregularly
NUX-VOMICA TREE
tree.
stipules;
of
ins.
filled
soft
1-5; circular;
flat;
hollowed;
1 in.
by J
in.
thick; covered with silky hairs.
Toxic Principles. STRYOlSNmE, BRUCINE.
And And
there was strychnine in the cup ; he did take and drink it up. , , ,, A. E. Housman: " The Shropshire Lad.
STRYCHNOS TOXIFERA
CURARE
(Guiana).
19.
CURARIURARIWOURALI
ARROW-POISON.
Loganiacece.^tem climbing, densely covered with long, spreading, ferruginous, harsh hairs; attaching to other plants by means of the gyrate ends of its young shoots. Leaves
11
12
rough, with coarse hairs, 5 veined, roundish, obtuse, or ovateoblong and shortly acuminate. Fruit large, round; seeds
imbedded
in
gummy,
bitter pulp.
Toxic Pr^7^c^^ês. STRYCHNINE,
BRUCINE, CURARINE,
also contained in S. castalnsei, S. triplinerva.

'petal and the core and duster and curled shoot Seemed from another hand like shame's salute. RossETTi: " Love's
And from
one hand the

;
Savoured of sleep
Baubles.''^
STRYCHNOS IGNATII
ST.
(Philippines).
20.
IGNATIUS'S BEAN.
tree;
Loganiacece.
small
scandent.
Stem
erect.
Branches numerous; long; opposite; smooth; climbing; quadrangular at extremities. Leaves opposite; shortly stalked; 6 ins.; smooth oval; entire. Flowers numerous; on axillary, Calyx sub-quadriflorous peduncles, arranged in panicles. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube short; five-toothed. seven times the length of the calyx, and five, spreading, obtuse
Fruit large; segments; white. Stamens Pericarp thick; smooth; ovoid

five.
4-7
ins.;
(variable).
brittle;
one-
celled; whitish.
Seeds numerous; pressed together; rendered
irregular through
mutual pressure;
1 in.
by
J in.; testa thin;
covered with silky hairs.
Toxic Principles.STRYCBNINE,
.
BRUCINE.
lips ivhereon has hied
Some great pale fruit's slow colour, shed From the rank hitter husk whence drips
Faint blood between her
lips.
.
. .
Swinbuene: " The Year
of Love.''
STRYCHNOS TIEUTE
FALSE UPAS TREE
LoganiacecB.
(Java).
21.
UPAS
RADJA
POKROETSHETTIK.
120 ft., branched arm. Flowers | in., pedunculate, corymbose, axillary, in lax cymes, greenish white; stamens five, jasmine -smelling; June- July. Fruit
shrub;
above.
child's
Large, climbing Root woody, thick as a
POISONS ACTING ON THE SPINAL CORD
13
14

first
big as an apple, pink, at
brownish-yellow; Septemberoblong,
October.
Leaves
To
opposite,
solitary,
three-nerved,
acuminate, on short petioles; hooks opposite, solitary. Toxic Principles. STBYCHNTNE, BRUCINE.
this apple-hlossom^ s part . breed the fruit that breeds the serpent's art.
. .
RossETTi: " Barren Spring.'^
STRYCHNOS COLUBRINA. STRYCHNGS LIGUSTRINA {Java, Timor, Coromandel).

EAST INDIAN SNAKE-WOOD.
Loganiacece.
shine), 12 ins.
22.
Flowers greenish-yellow, small

calyx
Fruit,
five
15 Climbing diameter. Wood

tree;
;
ft.
(lowlands, in the sun-
bitter,
heavy, hard, mottled.
in terminal, solitary
cymes
parted;
stamens
4-5.
November-December.
"prune reine," "prune Claude"; usually only one matures at end of cyme; pulp yellow, succulent, containing 2-8 scattered seeds. Leaves opposite, glabrous, ovate or elliptic, shortly petioled, obtusely acuminate, three-nerved, no stipules; tendrils lateral, becoming ligneous.
Toxic Principles.STRYCHNINE,
Too sweet Too bitter
BRUCINE.
Swinburne: "
Dolores.^*
in the rind, say the sages. the core.
FAGRÊA LANCEOLATA. POTALIA LANCEOLATA. NICANDRA LANCEOLATA {Java). 23.

Loganiacece.
Tree
(3,000
ft.
above
sea).
terminals, solitary or 3-5; calyx cut in 4 divisions, conical,

persistent;
stamens 5
strongly
smelling;
Flowers in white. Fruit

containing
glabrous, green spotted, with a sticky style at apex; pericarp
transparent, sticky;
pulp
soft,
bitter, nauseous,
many
GINE
small ovoid seeds.
Toxic
(?).
Principles. STRYCHNINE,
BRUCINE,
AKAR-
Plants at whose names the verse feels loth. Prickly and pulpous and blistering and blue. Livid, and starred with a lurid dew.
Shelley: " The
Sensitive Plant.
^^
POISONS ACTING ON THE SPINAL CORD

BIGNONIA SEMPERVIRENS. GELSEMIUM NITIDUM {South America and
United States).
24.
15
WILD JESSAMINE FALSE Loganiacece. A woody climber. Leaves opposite; pershortly stalked. Flowers usually lanceolate Seeds large; tary. Fruit an ovoid capsule; f pale brown. March and April yellow bitter flavour.
GELSEMESr
CAROLINA
;
JASMINE
YELLOW JASEMINE.
sistent
soli-
in.; 2-celled.
;
Toxic Principle. GELSEmNNE,

Great jasmines opened wide The dusk with odours out-wear.
Samain: " Summer Hours.^*
SPIGELIA MARILANDICA
CAROLINA PINK
25.
INDIAN PINKWORM Hardy, perennial; 18 Flowers Loganiacece.

ins.
GRASS.
in simple,
or forked, short spikes; calyx 5 parted, red outside, yellow within; corolla IJ ins., lobes 5, valvate, at length spreading;
stamens
sessile,
Leaves opposite, 5, affixed to tube; July-August. ovate -lanceolate acute, penni-veined. Stems hairy,
4-sided, simple, erect.
Toxic Principle.SPIGELJNE.
Ripe with luxury, with
kisses dried,
The
bitter flesh of pinks.
C.
ViLDRAc: " Chrysanthemums.''^
POISONS ACTING ON THE HEAET

I
DEPRESSANTS
Symptoms.
Vertigo;
vomiting; abdominal pain; confused
vision; convulsions; occasional delirium; paralysis; syncope;
sometimes asphyxia.
NICOTIANA TABACUM
Solanacece.
26.
VIRGINIAN TOBACCO PLANT.
A coarse, hardy, glaucous plant, 6 Root Leaves alternate lower ones sometimes 2 Flowers in terminal long; shortly stalked; ovate; panicles; dull pink. Capsule formed by persistent calyx. Seeds numerous; pale brown. annual. August-November. Toxic Principle. NICOTINE, also contained in N. repanda,
ft.
tapering, long.
ft.
entire.
{Fatalities.)
N. rustica.
while the smoke of blond tobacco curves blends its perfume with the flowers that wither. You hear a gipsy music wafting hither Its sweet narcotic to caress the nerves.
And And
Pierre Lievre: "
Gathering of Gallants.^'
CONIUM MACULATUM
HEMLOCK.
Umbelliferce.
{British),
27.
Stem polished, spotted with purple. Leaves dark, glossy green; tripinnate. Fruit with waved Hedge-banks. 4 biennial. June and July white.
ridges.
ft.
;
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles. COmmE, CONICEINE.
My My
heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk.
Keats: " Ode

16
to
a Nightingale.*^
POISONS ACTING ON THE HEART

LOBELIA INFLATA
INDIAN TOBACCO
Lobeliacece.
17
{North America, and cultivated in

Britain).
28.
ASTHMA
WEED
Flowers stalked upright racemes, and branched below. Fruit inflated nearly globular; crowned by remains of Seeds minute; numerous; orange; with raised network. annual or biennial; pink. Toxic Principle. LOBELINE, also contained in L. urens.
nate; sessile; lower ones stalked.
in
;
Stem
erect; glaucous;
EMETIC WEED. 1-2 Leaves

ft.
alter-
corolla.
Had
old Hippocrates, or Galen

. .
That to their books put medicines all in, But knoivn this secret No Indian drug had e'er been famed. Johnson: " Volpone.'"
.
CYTISUS SCOPARIUS
BROOM.
Leguminosce.
ternate
{British).
29.
3-10
ft.
A shrub with angular branches, and small, Woods and heaths. Very common. May and June. bright yellow.
leaves.
Fateful story of the old doom : Yellow bane, desire and bliss ; Mystic glory of the gold broom.
Toxic Principle.SPARTEINE,
Every flower an unborn
kiss.
Marion Cran: " Song
of
Woman.'''*
PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSUM
CALABAR BEAN
Leguminosce.
{West Africa).
30.
CHOP
solid
NUT.
ft.
Climber. Stem woody; cylindrical; 50 Flowers Leaves alternate; pinnately tubercles. Pod comzigzag racemes; rachis with
trifoliate.
in
long,
set
pressed; pointed; 4-7 ins.; lined inside with white wool. Seeds 3; IJ ins. by f in. testa smooth; chocolate; hilum long;
;
18

black
;
19
tasteless
and
odourless.
^perennial.
mauve
with
crimson centres.
Toxic Principles.ESERmE,
CALABARINE, ERYTHROcontained in ErythrophlcBum

. . .
PHLCEINE, MUAWINE,
Guineense.
also
flowers
Fierce at the heart with fire that half comes through. But all the flower-like white stained round with blue.
Swinburne:
'^
Anactoria.^^
PILOCARPUS PENNATIFOLIUS
JABORANDI.
Rutacece.
{Brazil).
31.
Shrub
4-6
ft.
Branches
erect.
Leaves
alter-
nate; without stipules; IJ ft.; leaflets opposite; in 2-5 pairs and 1 terminal. Flowers small; on short pedicels; arranged round an erect raceme, 18 ins. long, which terminates a branch Fruit composed of 5 carpels, spreading round a hard axis. let.
Seed
solitary; black.
Spring and early summer;

.
violet.
Toxic Principle.TILOCAKPJNE.
.
.
all
was
well
Old circumstance resumed its former show And on my head the dews of comfort fell
As
ere
my
woe.
Thomas Habdy: "^4 Wasted
Illness.
RUTA GRAVEOLENS
COMMON RUE
OF GRACE
persistent;
leaflets
32.
COUNTRYMAN'S TREACLEAVE GRACEHERB HERB OF REPENTANCE.

shrub;
tripinnate;
J?wtocecB.Herbaceous
compound; lower
2 J ft.Leaves alternate; upper pennate;
irregularly
linear-oval.Inflorescence a terminal, corymbrose, trichotomous cyme. Flowers on long stalks; petals alternating with, and exceeding sepals.Fruit hard; rough; roundish; 5-lobed.Seeds ovoid-angular; testa black;
rough.
perennial. greenish-yellow.
.
Toxic Principles. OIL

.
OF RUE, EUODIC ACID.

Cowpeb: " The
Salad.'"
the old rue-bush Shudders as he pulls.

.
20

PSYCHOTRIA IPECACUANHA
IPECACUANHA.
{Brazil).
33.
Rubiacece.Stem ascending, somewhat shrubby.Leaves ovate-lanceolate, slightly pubescent; leaflets slightly cordate; bracts large. Flowers white, in involucred head; corolla
tubular; 5-cleft; stigma 2-parted. Berry 2-seeded; receptacle

chaffy.
Toxic Principle.EMETINE, also contained in Asclepias

asthmatica.
The ipe-caa-goene (in the native Brazilian language), Tylor: " Anthropology."' 'ânt emetic, is our ipecacuanha.
little
wayside-
II
ASTHENICS
Symptoms. Numbness, and tingling in the mouth; abdominal pain; vertigo; vomiting; purging; tremor; occasional delirium; paralysis; dyspnoea, ending in syncope.
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS
RosaceoB.
34.
COMMON LAUREL
CHERRY-BAY.
ft.;
Evergreen
gray-green;
shrub; sometimes 20
shining.
branches
alternate;
spreading;
Leaves
thick;
ovate-lanceolate; margin faintly serrate; midrib prominent Flowers in upright racemes from leaf axils petals 5 })elow.
soon falling; stamens 20; spreading.Fruit a cherry -like drupe; shining; blue-black. Seed solitary .May white.
;
Toxic Principle.AMYGDALm, yielding
PRUSSIC ACID.
'Twas a sunrise of blossoming and May. BeneatJi a flowering laurel-thicket lay

Sorddlo.
Browning: "
Sordello."
21
35.
PRUNUS AMABA
Rosacece.
BITTER ALMOND.
bark pale brown. Leaves alternate; lanFlowers nearly sessile on last year's branches appear before leaves calyx reddish petals 5 pink stamens 30. Fruit a drupe 1| ins. ovoid with furrow on side downy. Seed solitary (seed of " Amara " somewhat smaller than the best varieties of " Dulcis "). March {Fatalities.) Toxic Principle. PRUSSIC ACID, also contained in seeds of P. americana, P. avium, P. claudiana, P. insitia, P. lusitanica,
ceolate; sharply serrate.
;
Tree;
P. padus, P. serotina, P. spinosa, P. domestica, Persica vulgaris,
Armeniaca
vulgaris, Lotus arabicus,
Laurus
. .
nobilis.
Another will entice me on, and on Through almond-blossoins Keats: " Sleep and Poetry.'^
.
PHASEOLUS LUNATUS
HIBBERT
{India).
36.
Leguminosce. Twining,
;
BEAN SUGAR BEAN LIMA KIDNEY BEAN D'aCHERY JAVA BEAN HARICOT DU CAP.
herbaceous, biennial.
POIS
Flowers 4-5
on
a raceme; keel with style

5-toothed
;
and stamens
spirally twisted;
calyx campanulate
July.
corolla papilionaceous, white
Legume scimitar-shaped,
leaflets
seeded; hilum of seed oval-oblong.

foliate;
smooth, compressed, manyLeaves pinnately tri-
with
partial
stipules;
racemes axillary;
pedicels in pairs.
ToxicPrinciples.VRUSSlC ACID, PHASEOLUVATIN.

Soon as
the pea puts on the bloom.
Michael Bruce: " To the Cuckoo.''

{British).
-LATHYRUS APHACA
YELLOW VETCHLING
Leguminosce.
leaf -like; sagittate;
37.
YELLOW-FLOWERED PEA. Leaves usually absent, stipules very large and

glaucous. Fields
;
rare; 1-2
ft. annual.
June-August; yellow.
Toxit Principle.PRUSSIC ACID, also contained in L.
cicera, L.
clymenum.
first
foul
steam of trodden ares. Swinburne: " Phcedra.''
22

ADONIS VERNALIS
[Cultivated in Britain).
38.
OX-EYE.
Flowers Herbaceous perennial; terminal; petals 10-12, oblong, rather denticulate. March. yellow. Leaves, lower ones abortive, upper and multifid with very entire Toxic Principle. ADONIDIN, also contained in A. ammenRanunculacece.
1
ft.
solitary,
sessile
lobes.
sis
A. cupana.
corn-flag, tulips,
Bring
and Adonis
flower.
Johnson: " Shepherd^

[British).
Song.
ACONITUM NAPELLUS
monk's
39.
TURK'S CAP. Lateral petals hairy Leaves deeply the lobes deeply Riversides; rare; 3-4 perennial. June; blue.
RanunculacecB.
5-cleft;
hood monk's cowl COMMON ACONITE WOLF's BANE CHARIOT VENUS' BEAR'S HELMET FOOT FLOWER LUCKIE's MUTCH FRIAR's CAP SOLDIER' S CAP
inside.
cut.
ft.
[Fatalities.)
Toxic Principle.ACOmmiNE,
There
Where the niched snow-bed sprays down its powdery its dusky blue clusters the aconite spreads.
fall,
Arnold:
''Switzerland.''
ACONITUM FEROX
BISH POISON
[Himalayan Mountains, India).
40.
INDIAN ACONITENEPAUL ACONITE. Ranunculacece. Rootstock fleshy; tuberous; with lateral tubers 6 erect stout branched above. Leaves alternate deeply cut into 5 irregularly indented lobes. Flowers arranged on long on long racemes. Fruit of 5 oUicles pubescent. Seeds black. perennial. indigo blue.
;
ft.
stalks,
Toxic Prmci^Ze.PSEUD-ACONITINE, also contained in A. arctophonum, A. cammarum, A. lagactonum, A. lycoctonum, A. meloctonum, A. myoctonum, A. vulparia.
No, no, go not to Lethe, neither twist Wdfs-bane, tight-rooted, for its poisonous wine. Keats: " Ode on Melancholy.'
23
24

ERANTHIS HYMENALIS
4L
petal-like;
WINTER HELLEBOREWINTER WOLF's BANE. Eanunculacece. Hardy, tuberous-rooted perennial 3-8 petals tubular; sepals Flowers yellow, January-March. Leaves divided, involucre of
WINTER ACONITE
;
ins.
solitary, sessile;
6-8,
3 deeply -cut leaflets.
Toxic Principle.ACOmTlNE.
. . .
dear as a winter flower
slight flower growing alone, and offering IV s frail cup of three leaves to the cold sun.
Browning: "
Pauline.^
ACTIEA SPICATA
HERB CHRISTOPHER
Eanunculacece.
(British).
42.
BANE BERRY GRAPE-WORT. Raceme erect; elongated. Petals as long as stamens. Mountain woods. Rare; 2 perennial. June. white. Berries black.
ft.
Toxic Principle. OIL
OF BANEBERRY.
Lo, the herb of healing, when once the herb is known. Shines in shady woods bright as new-sprung flame. Meredith: " Phoebus with Admetus.^^
DELPHINIUM STAPHISAGRIA
STAVES-ACRE
ft.
43.
LOUSE- WORT. Eanunculacece. 3-4 annual. Stem glaucous everywhere, stout, slightly branched, Leaves alternate, on long Flowers on long stalks from axils leafy bracts. Fruit 3 opening at inner suture; seeds 12 to the quadrilateral, netted, chocolate. J blue and pink with orange anthers. Toxic Principles. DELPHININE, DELPHISINE,
erect,
cylindrical.
stalks.
of
of
follicles
follicle,
in.,
DELPHINOIDINE.
Slim-robed in blue and green
Like larkspurs.
M. Radford: " Love's
Ferrying.''^
Library
25
DELPHINIUM CONSOLIDATA
wild larkspur
{British).
44.
branching king's consoundlarkspurdolphin flower knight's spur. Eanunculacece. Stem with straggling branches. with many linear segments. Leaves 2 annual. July. blue or pink. Toxic Principles. DELPHININE, DELPHISINE,
erect,
sessile,
Fields.
ft.
DELPHINOIDINE,
Larks-heels trim.
also contained in D. trolliiolium, D. bella-
donna, D. elatum, D. cheilanthum, D. bicolor.
Beaumont and Fletcher: " Bridal Song.""

45.
NEREUM OLEANDER
OLEANDER
COMMON
OLEANDER ROSE BAY SOUTH SEA ROSE.

ft.
DOG
BANE
in
Leaves opposite, or threes. Apocynacece. A shrub; 6 Flowers crimson or yellow; sometimes double; stamens Fruit sometimes a double berry; ovaries upon the 2-styled. July-September.
corolla.
{Fatalities.
Toxic Principles. OLE A'NDRmE, ROSAGININ, also contained in Aspidosperma quebracho.
And
Where
oleanders Uooined to deeper red his bright youth flowed crimson on the ground.
Wilde: " Eavenna.'^
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS
{Western Africa).
46.
WHITE-WOOLLY KOMBE BEAN GABOON ARROW POISON KOMBE.
A woody climber; 6 Petals united; peduncles terminal, ovary Corolla-lobes 4 2-4 flowered, pink. June. Stamens 5 or more upon the Seeds oval; arrow-like, with comose appendices; Leaves approximate. 100-200 contained in long
Apocynacece.
2-style.
ft.
ins. long,
corolla.
follicles.
26
obversely lanceolate, obtuse or subacute. glabrous. Stem contains a milky sap.
^Branches
erect,
Toxic Principles.STROVUANTHm, INCINE.

.
Fanning
the hairs,
the high wind sings who wave like feather' d wings. Shakespeabe: " Venus and Adonis."
TANGHINEA VENENIFERA. CERBERA TANGHIN {Madagascar).

ORDEAL-TREE
Apocynacece.
47.
POISON
species
ft.
TANGHIN.
the genus.)
Small,
in large, terminal
(The
only
of
glabrous, evergreen tree; 20

panicles, each supported
Flowers
by 2 bracts; corolla salver-shaped, with pale pinkish lobes, and a green, funnel-shaped tube, hairy within; stamens 5; calyx 5-fid; May. Fruit purplish tinged with green, consisting of a pyriform, ellipsoid, double drupe, 2-3 ins. long, enclosing an acuminated, fillimentaceous,
woody
6
ins.
;
nut.
Leaves
alternate,
smooth,
lanceolate,
thick;
clustered towards points of branches, directed upwards.
Stem contains a milky sap.

Toxic Principles.UMlGUmiN,
CERBERIN.
:
The blood-like blossom, the dull red fruit Though the heart yet sickens, the lips yet
sv)eet.
With sullen savour of poisonous pain. Swinburne: " The Triumph of Time.^'
ANTIARIS TOXICARIA
UPAS-TREE
(Java, Borneo, Sumatra,

48.
Philippines).
ANTSJARPOHON UPASHYPOMALAY ARROW POISON. before the branches; (lowlands Tree; 100 white, hard, milk-bearing and dark Wood, Flowers polybark deeply scarred where leaves have
Urticacece.
ft.
valleys).
light,
fallen.
gamous, male in dense heads, receptacle fungus-like, downy,

turbinate, pedicellate; female flowers small, sessile, without
bracts; anthers 4; no pistils,
ovary adheres to involucre.
27
28
monoecious; June-September; green. Fruit a drupe, fleshy, 1 -seeded. Leaves alternate, with deciduous stipules, simple,
oblong, unequally cordate, very entire, often lobed, smaller
ones hairy.
Toxic Principle.A^TIABJN,
On
Fell
the blasted heath Upas sits, the hydra-tree of death.
Daewin: " Loves
of the Plants.'''
URTICA PILULIFERA
Urticacece.
[British).
49.
ROMAN NETTLE.
Leaves opposite, ovate, deeply serrated, with stinging Fertile flowers in globular heads. Waste annual; June and July; green. ground; 1-2 Toxic Principle. FORMIC ACID, also contained in U.
hairs.
ft.;
crenulenta, U. urentissima, U. gigas, U. dioica, U. urens.

In
DonH
dock, out nettle : let the blood settle.
Country Incantation.
FICUS ROXBURGHn. FICUS DiEMONA.

FICUS TOXICARIA
Urticacece.
hairs.
{Tanjore).
49a.
soft,
Leaves opposite; stalked; oblong and oblong-cuneate

downy and
;
Young shoots thickly clothed with
white
acute; sometimes serrate; above smooth; below
reticulated with soft, hairy veins; 2-12 ins.; petioles round,
with a green gland on each side of base stipules within leaves, deciduous. Flowers (male) monandrous. Fruit (hypanthodium) yellow-green, size of a large nutmeg; obovate; very
hairy; umbilicus closed

(a)
by
cordate, imbricate scales; growing
usually in pairs, in radical, withering racemes which are frequently of great length, apices penetrating the ground or
;
raceme and trunk and branches.

(6)
entire
fruit
underground, or
(c)
growing from
Toxic Principle.
The
fig-tree
ÂCRID MILK.
Johnson:
" Song of the Hags.''
wild that grows on tombs.

DIGITALIS
29
PURPUREA
THROAT WORT
{British).
50.
COMMON FOX-GLOVE
hilly districts;
rugged ovate lanceolate Scrophulariacece. Leaves crenated; downy. Woods and hedge-banks; common in 2-5 biennial. June and July. crimson,
men's bells FAIRY DOCK LUSMORE.
;
BLOODY FINGERDEAD FINGERS FINGER FLOWER FLAP
ft.;
speckled within.
Rarely white.
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles. mOlTALm, DIGITOXIN, GITALIN, also

contained in D. lutea.
.
.
long purples
That liberal shepherds give a grosser name. But our cdd maids do dead-men^ s- finders call them. Shakespeare.
LINARIA VULGARIS
{British).
51.
common TOADFLAX YELLOW TOADFLAX WILD FLAX BUTTER AND EGGS BUTTERED HAYCOCKS EGGS AND BACON DRAGON BUSHES FLAX WEED GALL AND WORMerect.
WOOD GALL WORTRAMSTED. Leaves linear-lanceolate, Scrophulariacece. Stems glaucous. Calyx smooth; shorter than the spur. Hedges; perennial. June and July. Bright yellow common; 1-2
ft.;
and orange.
Toxic Principles. GRATlOLm, LINARIN.
Soon
shall
we have gold-dusted snapdragon.
Arnold: " ThyrsisJ*

52.
GRATIOLA OFFICINALIS
HEDGE
Scrophulariacece.
ing,
{S.E. Europe).
jointed.
In dense masses; marshes. Root creepbranched. Leaves a Stem 2

ft.,
HYSSOPPOOR MAN'S
erect,
little
HERB.
in.
on
opposite, smooth, obtuse, lanceolate. Flowers solitary, long stalk, fr. 2 bracts below calyx; corolla white striped
with red, tube longer than calyx, covered inside with yellow Fruit a 4-sided capsule, ovate, acuminate. Seeds many. iiairs. Toxic Principle. GRATIOLIN.
Cedar-wood, and
scarlet,
and hyssop.
Leviticus
xiv.
30

URGINEA SCILLA
[Gape, Mediterranean Coast).
53.
MEDICINAL SQUILL
Liliacece.
SEA
of
ONION.
Rootstock covered with scales forming a bulb; Leaves from base flowering stem; appearFlowers numerous; on long ing long after flowers; lJ-2 rachis IJ Fruit 3-lobed; in erect raceme, flattened; chocolate. in each yellow. Seeds 6 J perennial. May and June; greenish.
6 ins.; globular.
ft.
pedicels,
1 ft.;
ft.
cell;
in.;
Toxic Principles. SCJLLlTOXm, SCILLIPIAIN, also contained in U. altissima, Scilla indica, Agrapanthus umbellatus,
Crinum asiaticum.
Sap, what retards amid the summer's blaze The autumnal bulb, till pale declining days
?
KiRKE White.
SCILLA BIFOLIA [British). 54. TWO-LEAVED SQUILL EARLY SPRING SQUILL.
Amaryllidacece.
lanceolate.
Raceme
doubtful
lax,
without bracts.
(A
native.)
Leaves
perennial.
S.
2,
4-5
ins.;
March- April; blue.

Toxic Principle.
S.
NARCISSINE, also contained in

peruviana,
amcena,
autumnalis,
S.
brachyphylla, S. campanulata, S. corymbosa,

S. siberica,
S. fraseri, S. lilio-hyacinthus, S. patula, S. S. taurica, S.
vema.
gladness wakes at Vernal Equinox
o'
What
My
perky squUlette
the
window-box ? Flower Calendar
CONVAL Flowers in drooping racemes. Leaves in pairs; perennial. ovate -lanceolate. Hill -woods, common; 6-9 May; white; berries red; bitter flavour.
LILY
CONVALLARIA MAJALIS (British). 55. COMMON LILY OF THE VALLEY MAY LILY MUGGET
LIRICON
FANCY.
Liliacece.
ins.
{Fatalities.)
Toa:icPrmci^Ze5. CONVALLAMARIN,
contained in C. japonica.
Like
to
CONVALLARIN, also
"
Isabella.'^
a native
lily of the dell.
Keats:
31
32

SCHCENOCAULON OFFICINALE
SABADELLA VERATRINA
Liliacece.
{South America).
56.
CEVADILLA.
linear; grass-
5 Leaves
ft.
all
from the bulb;
like;
with a strong midrib. Flowers on spiked raceme; numerous; green, anthers orange. Fruit a capsule; Seeds 2-5 in each follicle chocolate. 3 follicles J in.
keeled;
;
Toxic Principles.YE'RATRJNE,
Upreared
its
CEVADINE.
bees
''
The Sephcdica, budaing with young
purple stem around her knees.
Poe:
Al Aaraaf."
VERATRUM ALBUM. ASAGRÂ OFFICINALIS (Alps).

WHITE-FLOWERED WHITE HELLEBORE
WORT.
Liliacece.
51.
LANG
WORT
LYNG
inside.
unbranched except at inflorescence. Leaves alternate; sessile; forming sheaths to stem; longiFlowers numerous; sessile. Fruit of 3 tudinally ribbed. follicles. Seeds 12 to each carpel; pale brown. perennial;
ft.;
Rootstock
erect;
short; fleshy; black outside; white
white.
{Fatalities.)
Toxic
As fair
Principles.
VERATRINE,
CEVADINE,
VERAPlant.^'
TRONE, JERVINE,
also contained in V. nigrum, V. viride.
as the fabulous asphodels.
Shelley: " The Sensitive
COMMON
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE {British). 58. MEADOW SAFFRON MEADOW CROCUS AUTUMN
CROCUS CROCUS
Liliacece.
summer.
ber; purple.
Meadows; 4-8 perennial; September-NovemToxic Principle. COLCHICINE, also contained in Specioins.;
MICH^LMAS CROCUS PURPLE CROCUS FOG NAKED LADIES. Leaves erect; broadly lanceolate; withering in
{Fatalities.)
C.
sum.
Through Alpine meadows soft-suffused With rains where thick the crocus blows. Arnold; Stanzas from the " Grande Chartreuse."
IRKITANT POISONS
I
PURGATIVES
Symptoms. Abdominal pain; vomiting and purging; cramps strangury and tenesmus, followed by collapse and sometimes accompanied by drowsiness and slight nervous symptoms.
;
ALOE SOCOTRINA
Liliacece.
{West Indies, and cultivated in Britain). 59.
SOCOTRINE ALOES TREE.
Stem woody; scarred; branching dichotomously. crowded at ends of branches; sessile; 15-20 ins.; curved at base, then erect and incurved; tapering; concave above, convex below with numerous white prickles on margins. Flowering-stem tall; erect; slender. Flowers numerous; stalked; crowded on raceme. Fruit a blunt capsule; 1 in.; 3-celled. Seeds numerous; compressed. 6 ft.; annual; early
Leaves
spring; pink, with yellowish tips.
Toxic Principle.
ALOIN, also contained in A. barbadensis,

upon
the terrace,
A. ferox.
He
sate
Plucked and threw The powdery aloe-ctisps away.
Browning
'
:
'
Sordello.
'
MOMORDICA ELATERIUM. ECBALIUM ELATERIUM {Cultivated in Britain

South Europe).
60.
and
SQUntTING CUCUMBER
Cucurbitacece.
trate;
CUCUMBER. Root tapering; white; fleshy. Stems pros-
WILD
;
lJ-3 ft.; branched; cylindrical; translucent. Leaves alternate on long, tapering petioles deeply cordate rounded
; ;
33
34

1
everywhere.
no tendrils; lobed and undulated. Glaucous axillary Flowers unisexual; stalked; or 2 pendent; capped by peduncle. Fruit oblong-ovoid; J-3 with Pericarp thick; white inside; withered
auricles at base;
ins.;
ins.;
flower.
filled
juice, in
numerous pale-brown seeds; when ripe suddenly separating from stalk, and violently expelling conwhich
lie
tents through orifice.
perennial; pale yellow, centres green.

.
.
Toxic Principle."ElATEBm,
ay, his word . the cucumber into a gourd. Drive Trent into Apulia.'' Bkowning: " SordelloJ'
Was " run
ERYTHROPLEUM GUINEENSE
CASCA BARK
Leguminosece.
peduncles.
{Sierra Leone).
6L
SASSY
;
BARK
ORDEAL
BARK.
alternate; pinnate.
Tall tree common in water- valleys. Leaves Flowers numerous; small; growing on
.
Toxic Principle.ACRID JUICE.

/ met the grey mist. Death,
.
.
He
reached
/
me
flowers as
hitter
from a withered hough.
Death
what
nosegays givest thou ? Meredith: " Past Meridian.'"
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA {Siam and Cochin GAMBOGE TREE.
China).
62.
Tree; 25-50 ft. Branches many; spreading. Guttiferce. Leaves opposite; on short petioles without stijûles; oval; midrib prominent beneath. Flowers dioecious; coming from Fruit the size of a leaf -axils of previous years; pale yellow. crab -apple; spherical; depressed at top; surrounded at base by 5 persistent sepals; 4-celled; fleshy; yellow-green. Seeds
to each
cell.
Toxic Principle. CAMBOGJN,

That in the mortar
Ah
? Fou call it a gum ? the hrave tree whence such bright oozings come. Browning: " The Laboratory,''^
IRRITANT POISONS
35
EXOGONIUM PURGA. IPOMCEA PURGA {West Mexico).

JALAP PLANT
Convolvulacece.
63.
MORNING
GLORY.
Herbaceous
ft.;
slender; twisted; 12
arising
Stems numerous; from crown of tubercular

twiner.
Roots, which are nearly globular; tapering; mottled brown; white inside. Leaves alternate; on long stalks; cordate; pointed entire. Flowers in small axillary cymes of 3 corolla
;
salver-shaped; glabrous; tube 2 ins., contracted on joining limb. perennial; June-September; purplish-pink.
2iins.
Toxic Principle. COJ'iYOLV'ULm, turpethum, I. purpurea.

The crimson morning
dazzled
also
contained
in
I.
me mine
eyes.
Labor: " A S'pring Morning.'^

64.
CONVOLVULUS SCAMMONLA
SCAMMONY.
Convolvulacece. Root very long; perpendicular; straight; unbranched; woody; exuding milky juice when wounded. Stems numerous; twining; hollow. Branches widely spreading. Leaves alternate scattered triangular. Flowers numerous; solitary; bracts opposite; small; leaf -like. Corolla
widely funnel-shaped; 2 ins. Fruit a capsule; J in.; not exceeding persistent sepals. Seeds 4; angular; chocolate. perennial; cream, pink stripes beneath. Toxic Principle, JALAPIN, also contained in C. oriza-
biensis.
Puck is abroad, and his faery hand Dance in a ring where the moonflowers glow. H. Simpson: " A Faery
Flute.''
CROTON TIGLIUM
tree.
[East Indies).
65.
CROTON OIL PLANT.

Euphorbiacece. A small Branches many; spreading. Leaves alternate, on longish stalks; ovate-lanceolate; Flowers arranged on short on spiked raceme;
entire.
pedicels,
36
IRRITANT POISONS
37
stamens long; pale-green. Fruit a globular capsule; 3-celled; smooth. Seeds J in.; oval; dull, brownish-gray; without odour; hilum faintly marked. Stem contains a milky sap.
Toxic Principles. CROTO'NOL, CROTONOLEIC ACID, also contained in C. variegatum, C. verreauxii.

Where
the deadly croions grow.
Anon.:
" India
Revisited.''^
RlCmUS COMMUNIS
CASTOR OIL PLANT
Euphorbiacece.
{India and South Europe).
66.
CASTOR BEANPALMA-CHRISTI.
ft.
glaucous.
petals
Stems, 5 Leaves alternate;
(40
ft.
in Tropics);
hollow;
lanceolate; serrate.
none;
stamens numerous; green.

raised.
grooved, tricoccous, spined capsule.
smooth; shining; mottled;

green to purple.
Fruit a blunt, Seeds raphe yellowish; Fruit

3,
Flowers,
oval, flattened,
Toxic Principles.
RICIN,
RICINONE,
also
contained
in
R. sanguineus.
Populus frugi castusque verecundusque.
Horace.
CALTHA PALUSTRIS
MARSH
{British).
67.
GOLDmS.
ft.
MARIGOLD WATER BUTTERCUP MEADOW BRIGHT MEADOW BOUTMEADOW GOWAN OPEN GOWAN WATER GOWAN YELLOW GOWAN MAY BLOBSBOOTS GOLDS
Lower leaves large; rounded; heart-shaped; deep glossy green. Marshes and l-lj perennial; May; bright yellow.
Ranunculacece.
Stem
erect.
river-sides.
Toxic Prmc*2??e5.JERVINE,
.
.
HELLEBORIN.
" Cymbelene.'"
To
winking maryhuds begin ope their golden eyes.

.
Shakespeake
38
ROTTLERA TINCTORIA. MALLOTUS PHILIPPINENSIS {Asia and East

KAMALA
Indies).
68.
KAMELA.
;
Euphorbiacece. A tree; 20-30 ft.; trunk 3-4 ft. round. Leaves ovate; veins prominent beneath, which is covered with hairs. Flowers dioecious arranged in axillary panicles Capsule trigonous globular covered with 3 styles, spreading. crimson powder. Toxic Principle.mALLOTOXm.
Like
to Diana in her summer weed. Girt with a crimson robe of brightest dye Goes fair Samela.
Geeene: " Samda.'*
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM
{North America).
69.
AMERICAN MAY APPLE AMERICAN MANDRAKE PODOPHYLLIN PLANT WILD LEMON WILD BUCK-FOOT RACOON BERRY. Eanunculacece. Rhizome creeping; 6 ft.; marked at intervals of 3 ins., with last year's stems, and simple roots,
terminating in erect, flowering, stem, (the horizontal growth Leaves opposite starting from base of stem) 1 ft. cylindrical. 5-7 segments; serrate. or single; peltate; deeply cut into
; ;
Flower solitary on short, curved peduncle from fork between leaves. Fruit an edible, ovoid, 2 ins., yellow, indehiscent berry. Seeds 12; yellow. perennial; May; white.
;
Toxic Principle.
in P. Emodi.
VODOVKYLLOTOXJN,
also
contained
The
bee that quits the mandrake' s cups.
Madison Cawein: " The Yellow Puccoon."
HELLEBORUS VIRIDIS
GREEN HELLEBORE
Eanunculacece.
digitate.
{British).
70.
BASTARD
HELLEBORE
BEAR'S
FOOT
boar's FOOT.
Stem few flowered. Leaves dark green; Calyx spreading. Woods on chalk.
1
ft.;
perennial April green.

; ;
Toxic Principles. JEKVmE,

The fair
HELLEBORIN.
Helleboras attractive shone. Darwin: ''Loves of the Plants.'"
IRRITANT POISONS
39
HELLEBORUS FCETIDUS
STINKING
(British).
71.
HELLEBORE SETTER WORT FOOT OX HEEL.
BEAR's
FOOT
BAR
Leaves
JRanunculacece.
pedate.
Stem many Woods;

1
flowered.
ft.;
Calyx
converging.
perennial; January- April;
green, tipped with purple.
Toxic Principles. JERVJNE,

Belle of the forest
HELLEBORIN.
Anon.:
''
And
: everywhere she dips dances prettily, and pouts her lips.
The Dryad.''
HELLEBORUS NIGER
CHRISTMAS ROSE
Ranunculacece.
72.
BLACK
HELLEBORE
black;
of
BEAR's FOOT
fleshy;
Christ's wort.
Rhizome
the
;
knotted;
with
Leaves
smaller
;
many
interlaced branches giving off numerous, straight roots.
from extremities
towards
rhizome branches; on long
stalks; deeply divided into 2-4, serrate lobes,

petiole.
Flower-stalk
;
successively
terminating
rhizome rarely 2 large bract beneath flower sepals 5, large petals 13, or more, short, green. Stamens numerous. Fruit follicular; sessile. Seeds in 2 rows; black. perennial; December-March; white. {Fatalities.)
ToxicPrinciples.JERVDUE, HELLEBORIN, also contained

in H. orientalis.
Then
rejoiced she, laughing with love Roses, awful roses of holy blossom.
and
scattered
Swinbtjkne: " Sapphics.'^
40
II
IRRITANTS WITH NERVE-SYMPTOMS

Symptoms. Abdominal pain vomiting and purging dilated headache; tetanic spasms; occasional convulsions; sometimes rapid coma.
;
;
pupils;
FUNGI
Parasitic
(British).
TOADSTOOLS.
or
saprophytic
Thallophytes,
containing
no
Starch or Chlorophyll.
Fructification on a Spore-bearing Pileus.

living cells of their host, or
Thallus developed from a Mycelium.
Fungi take up carbon as carbohydrate either from the from the dead remains of other
organisms.
Toxic Prmci2??es.MUSCARINE, AGARICINE,
PHALLINE,
A-TOXIN.
Class
Order,
Hymenomycetes.
Habitat.
Species.
Agaricike^.. Agaricus muacarius

,,
. .
" Fly Agaric Agaricus pantherinus " Mottled Amanita "

Agaricus phalloides " Stinking Amanita"
Armillaria
citri
"
Woods, under Birches,

Scarlet.
.
etc.
(Fatalities.)
Mountains, Woods, under

Trees. Dun. Under shady Trees. Dun.
(Fatalities.)
t,
. .
. .
Clusters
round
Yellow.
dead
Stumps.
. .
. .
Tricholoma fulvellus " Tawny Tricholome " Agaricus purus " Pure Mycena" Agaricus epipterygius " Nodding Mycena"
Thickets.
Brown.
in
Dead Leaves, Stumps

Woods.
.
Pink.
Dead
Moss.
Leaves, Green.
Stumps,
. .
Cantharellus aurantiacus " Poisonous Chantarella"
Under Trees,
Fields.
Dun.
. .
Lactarius piperatus
Woods, Groves,
White.
"Hot Toad
Stool"
41
Cldss
Order.
; Hymenomycetes
Species.
{continued).
Habitat.
Agarigine^
,,
Lactarius fuliginosus
Shady Woods.
'
" Yellow Milked Toad Stool Lactarius torminosus " Bearded Toad Stool "
.
Gray.
Pink.
Woods, Waysides.
Pine Woods.
,)
Lactarius rufus
Brown.
Gray.
"Rufous Toad Stool"

,,
. .
Lactarius pyrogalus
Groves, Meadows,
;,

,,
" Red-Milked Toad Stool Hygrophorus psittacinus, Russula Emetica "Emetic Toad Stool" Gomphidius glutinosus " Solitary Toad Stool"
.
Open
Spaces.
Green.
{Fatalities.)
Damp Woods, round Trees.

Crimson.
Pine Woods.
Purple.
..
Pleurotus pulmonarius
In Tufts on old Stumps. Gray.

.
,,
Volvaria gloiocephalus
Tree Trunks.
Gray.
" Silky Toad Stool

,,
. .
Agaricus lividus " Bulbous or Poisonous "
Among
Grass, in Pinkish.
Woods.
pRATELLiE
Mushroom Hypholoma fascicularis
Clearings,
Decayed Trees.
Fir
PoLYPORE^
,,
" Bundled Toad Stool" Boletus bovinus " Glutinous Fungus "
Boletus satanas
Orange.
Heathy
Yellow.
Woods.
Woods. White and Crimson.

{Fatalities.)
" Devils' Fungus"

,,
.
Boletus luridus " Lurid Fungus"

Boletus piperatus
Woods
Purplish
Pastures. and and Orange
{Fatalities.)
,,
.
.
" Peppery Fungus "

Glass
Woods.
Yellow.
Gasteromycetes.
Woods.
Pinkish.
Phalloide^
,,
..
Phallus impudicus " Common Stink-Horn " " Devil's Horn" " Stinking Pole-Cat Fungus" " Foetid Wood- Witch "
You demi-puppets
that
By moonshine
do the green sour ringlets make Whereof the ewe not hites. Shakespeare: " The Tempest.
42
^ o
5 S ^
O
O 02
0)
c3
QQ
.^
02
"^
^'^
all 2^1
n3
(D
i>
.
o 8 S
^
02 OQ
4)
02
o a s d
'^
O O
-*
CD
O
5:^
02 .22
f*^^H
02
05"^
02
i^
02 ^
CO T5
CO
'w
CO
'o
Pi
5
P5
9 2
WW
OD
t^
M g c ^ O p s ^ ^ w M P
t^
CO
c ^
f^
p?
5S
?. 2 n O H
02
73
M 5.2 ;ri d
r3 02 E3
"u
'Cm
:r2 ti^ 4^
o
e:)
<1
IRRITANT POISONS
(ENANTHE CROCATA
(British).
43
73.
WATER HEMLOCK HEMLOCK DROPWORT DEAD TONGUE BELDER ROOT BEN DOCK. Umbelliferce. Leaflets all wedge-shaped, many cleft. Fruit linear-oblong with slender ridges. River-sides; much
like celery before flowering; 3-5 ft.
perennial.
July; white.
Macbeth.'*''
Acrid.
(Fatalities.)
Toxic Principle. (ENANTKJN.

Moot of hemlock
digg'^d
i'
the dark.
Shakespeare: "
(ENANTHE PHELLANDRIUM.
PHELLANDRIUM AQUATICUM
HORSE BANE.
Umbelliferce.
(British).
74.
Leaflets with many, narrow, wedge-shaped Fruit ovate with Subaqueous leaves broad Ditches; 2-3 perennial. June and July; pinkish. Acrid.
segments.
hair-like.
ridges.
ft.;
Toxic Principle. (ENANTUm.
Neu Neu
desunt epulis rosce vivax apium neu Breve lilium.
Horace: "
Lib. I. Ode, xxxvi."
(ENANTHE FLUVIATttlS
Umbelliferce.
(British).
75.
RIVER WATER DROPWORT.
Stem leaves pinnate, tubular. Root throwDitches; Styles very long when in perennial; 2-3 July and August; pinkish. Acrid. Toxic Principle. (ENANTHIN, also contained in 0.
ing out runners.
fruit.
ft.
fistu-
losa.
not chew the hemlock rank Growing on the weedy hank ; But the yellow cowslip eat. That will make the butter sweet. Jane Taylor: " The
Do
Cow.'''
44
1& ^t.
IRRITANT POISONS
CICUTA VIROSA
{British).
45
76.
WATER HEMLOCK
Umbelliferce.
lets.
COW
BANE.
leafft.
Leaves biternate; with linear-lanceolate Umbels opposite the leaves. Ditches; perennial; 3-4 August; white. Local.
{Fatalities.)

tained in C. maculata.
OF CICUTA, CICUTINE,
also con-
And
in the warm hedge grew lush Green cow-bind and the moonlight-coloured may. Shelley: " The Question.'"
iETHUSA CYNAPIUM
fool's
{British).
77.
ass's parsleydog's parsleyLESSER FALSE PARSLEY FOOL's CICELY. wedge-shaped, with lanceolate Umbelliferce. Leaflets involucels, long, pointdark glossy green. Leaves segments, annual. July ing downwards. A common weed; 6
parsley
HEMLOCK
all
of
ins. -2 ft.;
and August; white.
{Fatalities.)
2ôxic Principle. CYNAPISE, also contained in A. fatua.
Where the cow-parsley
skirts the
hawthorn hedge. RossETTi: " SUent Noon.^*
JUNIPERUS SABIN-aa
78.
SAVIN.
Coniferce.
Evergreen shrub (under cultivation may become

;
a tree of 20
ft.)
compact.Branches numerous much divided.

;
Leaves opposite,
or in 3's
closely packed; of 2 forms
(1)
on
the elongated branches more subulate; (2) on the smaller lateral branches; rhomboidal;
distantly placed; triangular;
with a central gland. Flowers small; dioecious; male catkins; female cones. Fruit berry-like; formed by enlargement and coalescence of the scales; on dropping stalk; purple with
46
whitish bloom.
{Fatalities.)
Seeds
1-3; ovoid.
May and June; greenish.
OF SAVIN.
.
lustful turpentine.
You that entice the veins and stir the heat To civil rmitiny, scalding the seat Our reason moves in, and deluding it
With dreams and wanton fancies, till the fit Of burning lust be quench' d ;by appetite Robbing the soul of blessedness and light. Beaumont and Fletcher: " Clorin^s
Song.''
TAXUS BACCATA
COMMON YEW
Coniferce.
tree.
{British).
79.
crowded.
An evergreen linear; in 2 rows; Woods on chalk. March and April; yellowish.

{Fatalities.)
PALM. Leaves
Berries pink.
Toxic Principles. TAXmE, OIL

From
The
OF YEW, FORMIC ACID.
the forced fissures of the naked rock yew-tree bursts.
Coleridge: " Brockley Coomb.''
EUPHORBIA RESmiFERA
EUPHORBIA GUM PLANT
Euphorbiacece.
leafless
{Morocco).
79a.
DARKMOUSDERGMUSE.
ft.
Trunk
short; stout.
A plant, resembling a cactus. Stem much branched; 4 Branches

of
off
curved; upright; fleshy; quadrangular, with blunt angles on which are plates (scutella), each bearing 2 spines (altered
stipules).
the plate.
little
Leaves represented by a small tubercle fused with Flowers monoecious in clusters 3 coming a above stipular spines. Fruit a small capsule; perennial; pale yellow. Juice yellow.
; ;
Toxic Principle.EUFHOBBUa.
The Cactuses
are all true
American
citizens
by
birth.
Grant Allen: N. American
Review.
IRRITANT POISONS
47
EUPHORBIA PEPLIS
PURPLE SPURGE
Euphorbiacece.
2-6 ins.
(British).
80.
HYSSOP
SPURGE.
semi-cordate at the base.

;
;
Stem procumbent, forked. Leaves oblong, Plant glaucous. Sandy shores.

;
annual July reddish.
Stem contains a milky
juice.
Toxic PrincipleEUTKOnBm.
I know a
flower,
as white as milk.
has purple and star in Wilde: " The Fishermana and his
it
leaves,
its heart,
and
its juice is
Soul.''
EUPHORBIA PILOSA
(British).
81.
DOWNY SPURGE HAIRY

Euphorbiacece.
SPURGE.
Bracts
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, hairy beneath. Umbel Capsules hairy. Woods perennial; June; yellowishnear Bath (naturalized 2 green; glands yellow. Stem contains a milky
elliptical.
5-cleft.
ft.;
?);
juice.
Toxic Principle.EU^HORBm.
Alas
/
the bitter banks in
WiUowwood
RossETTi: " Willowwood.'"
With tear-spurge wan.
EUPHORBIA HELIOSCOPIA
(British).
82.
Leaves bright green, oboEuphorbiacece. Umbel cuneate, serrated towards the end. Capsules vate, somewhat annual; July and smooth. A common weed; 6-10 August; yellowish green. Stem contains a milky
SUN SPURGE cat's MILK CHURN STAFF IRBY DALE GRASS. LITTLE GOOD LITTLE GOODY WART GRASS WART WORT.
5-cleft.
ins;
juice.
Toxic Principle.EUTKOBBTN,
And in his hand He brought.
a wreath of hdiochrise
Baenes: "
Madrigals.''*
48
POISONOUS PLANTS OF ALL COUNTRIES EUPHORBIA PLATYPHYLLA

{British).
83.
BKOAD-LEAVED WARTED SPURGE.

Euphorbiacece.
5-cleft.
Bracts
annual; milky juice.
Leaves obovate-lanceolate. Umbel usually cordate. Capsules warted. Fields; 1-2 June-October. Glands yellow. Stem contains a
ft.;
Toxic PrincipleEVTHORBm,
Wart on Wart on
the finger^ s sure to linger the thumb's soon gmie.
;
Country Saying.
EUPHORBIA HIBERNA
IRISH SPURGE
Euphorbiacece.
(British).
84.
MAKINBOYMAKIN-BWEE.
elliptical;
ft.;
Umbel
perennial;
5-6
Leaves and bracts hairy beneath. Capsules warted. Thickets; 1-2 May and June; green; Glands purple. Stem
cleft.
thicket is thicker with thorns the summer. Swinburne: " Hesperia.''^
contains a milky juice.
Toxic Principle. EUFUORBm.
Low down ivhere the Than with leaves in
EUPHORBIA PORTLANDICA
(British).
85.
PORTLAND SPURGE.
Euphorbiacece. Leaves very glaucous; obovate-lanceolate. Glands, involucrum with 2 Stems red. Umbel long horns. Capsules rough at the angles. Southern coast; perennial; August-September; yellowish; Glands 6 deep orange. Stem contains a milky
5-cleft.
of
ins. -2 ft.;
juice.
Toxic Principle.
EWKORBm,
Flowers that squander

Gold as golden as the gold of hives. Swinburne: " In the Salt- Marshes'*
IRRITANT POISONS
49
50
EUPHORBIA PARALIAS
SEA SPURGE.
Euphorbiacece.
{British).
86.
Leaves imbricated, glaucous lower obovateupper linear-lanceolate. Umbel 5-cleft. Capsules wrinkled. 1 ft.; perennial; August and September; Stem contains a milky juice. greenish; glands orange.
;
lanceolate;
Toxic Principle. EVPRORBm,

Like sea-marsh made thick with brine and mire. Swinburne: " A Ballad of
Burdens.'*''
EUPHORBIA PEPLUS
PETTY SPURGE
Euphorbiacece.
petiole.
{British).
87.
WART
WEED.
Umbel
annual;
Leaves broadly obovate, tapering to a A common weed; 4 June-November; greenish, glands yellow. Stem
3-cleft.
ins.-l
ft.;
Toxic Principle. EUFKOBBm,

Green-yellow bursts from the copse
The laughing
yaffle.
Meredith: " Love
in the Valley.'^
EUPHORBIA EXIGUA
Euphorbiacece.
acute.
fields;
{British).
88.
DWARF SPURGE.
Umbel
5-6 ins.;
juice.
3-cleft.
lanceolate; Leaves and bracts rather Glands with 2 long horns. Cornannual; July; greenish. Stem contains a
rigid;
milky
Toxic Principle.EUFRORBm.
Alas ! what rampant weeds now shame
my
fields.
Cowper: " On
the
Death of Damon.''*
IRRITANT POISONS
51
EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS
CAPER SPURGE
{British).
89.
CAPER BUSHMOLE PLANT EUPHORBIA OIL PLANTWILD MYRTLE SPURGE CAPER. Euphorbiacece. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the
smooth.Thickets;
glaucous. Bracts cordate.Umbel 4-cleft. Capsules 1-2 ft.; biennial; July; greenish. Stem contains a milky juice.
base,
Toxic Principles. EVVKOIiBlN, OIL

The
OF EUPHORBIA.
On By
single little turret that remains the plains the caper overrooted.
Browning: " Love among
the Ruins."
EUPHORBIA AMYGDALOIDES
WOOD
Euphorbiacece.
{British).
90.
SPURGE.
Leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering at the base, hairy beneath. Bracts Umbel 5 to with scattered peduncles below. Capsules dotted. Woods; common; 2-4 perennial; April- June; yellowish; glands yellow. Stem contains a milky Toxic Principle. EUPHORBIN, contained E. myrtiperfoliate.
6-cleft,
ft;
juice.
also
in
folia,
E. cyparissias.
Out of the sun
The wood-spurge
flowered,
Three cups in one. RossETTi: " The Wood-Spurge.""
HIPPOMANE MANCHINELLA
Indies).
{Central America,
91.
West
MANCHINEAL TREE.
Terrestrial; of this genus). Fruit capsular;

Euphorbiacece.
50 ft. (The only species of 3 one-seeded cells; fleshy, sweet smelling, yellowish-green. Flowers small, inconLeaves stalked, alternate, spicuous, of separate sexes; May.
tree;
52
shining green, egg-shaped or elliptical with edges cut into saw-like teeth, having a single gland on upper side at junction
of stalk
and
leaf.
Milk, in
all
parts of plant, has vesicant
properties.
OF EUPHORBIA,
latifolia.
also contained in
Excsecaria agallocha, Cameraria
False and fair-fdiaged as the manchineal. Coleridge: " To the Rev. George Coleridge."
BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS
EuphorbiaceoB.
{British).
92.
COMMON BOX TREE.

convex, shining.
Stem contains a milky

argentea,
An evergreen shrub. Leaves oblong-ovate, 3-15 Chalk April; yellowish.

hills, local,
ft.
juice.
ToxicPrinciples.BVXmE, BUXIDINE, OIL OF

BIA, also contained in the varieties
aurea,
myrtifolia,
rotundifolia, suffruticosa.
:
EUPHOR-
angustif olia, arborescens,

rosmarinifolia,
pyramidata,
The
holly hitherto did
Let box
sway ; now domineere. Herrick: " Candlemas-Eve."
JATROPA CURCAS. JATROPA URENS {Ooromandel).

PHYSIC NUT
ft.
93.
SPURGE NETTLE. Euphorbiacece. Small tree 2-4 Bark light ash-coloured. Flowers in terminal panicles, or from exterior axils many small, yellow-green, anthers 10; June-September. Ovary oblong, smooth. Leaves scattered, stalked, cordate, 5-angled,
;
smooth, divisions cut or even pennatifid, often discoloured.

Toxic Principle.AORID JUICE.
Sweetest nut has sourest rind.
Shakespeare:
''As you Like It."
IRRITANT POISONS
JATROPA MANIHOT
TAPIOCA
Euphorbiacece.
{Tropics).
63
94.
CASSAVAMANDIOC
PLANT.
ft.
Herbaceous; perennial; 5-9 Root very yellow, tapering, 3 with milky Leaves triangular-linear, palmate. Flowers on stalked panicles, orange. Fruit glabrous; rough with raised Toxic Principle. ÂCRID JUICE, also contained
large,
juice.
cylindrical,
ft.;
filled
ridges.
in
J.
Gossypiifolia.
There was an old
man
of
Tobago
Who
Till
''''
ate tapioca
and sago
much to his bliss his physician said this: To a leg, Sir, of mutton you may go.''^
Lear: " Book
of Nonsense.''^
PARIS QUADRIFOLIA
HERB PARIS
[British).
95.
FOUR-LEAVED GRASS ONE BERRY TRUE LOVE. Euphorbiacece. Leaves ovate, 4 in a whorl below the flower, dark green. Woods; perennial; ^May and June; green;
1 ft.
berry black.
Toxic Prmc*:pê. PARISTYPHNIN.
And
this reviving herb whose tender green Fledges the river-lip on which we lean
Omar Khayyam:
" Eubyaat.''
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS
dog's mercury
(British).
96.
Euphorbiacece. Stem Woods and thickets; common; 1-2 flowers on long perennial. April and May green.
HERB MERCURY
stalks.
;
WILD SPINACHKENTISH BALSAM. simple. Leaves rough. Fertile

ft.
OF EUPHORBIA, MERCURIALINE,
CHOLINE.
The weed that creeps Along the humblest ground.
Wordsworth: " To
May.'*
54
/04
IRRITANT POISONS
CYSTISUS
55
97.
LABURNUM
COMMON
LABURNUM -BEAN
EBONY
TREFOIL HE BROOM GOLDEN RAIN GOLDEN CHAIN.
FALSE
Flowers in drooping racemes; Pedicels and calyces clothed with adpressed pubescence. Pod with upper suture keeled. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate; pubescent beneath. April-June; yellow. Toxic Principle. CYSTISINE, also contained in hirsutus,
LeguminoscB.
Tree; 30
ft.
corolla papilionaceous; standard large, ovate.
digitate, trifoliate; leaflets
(Fatalities.)
C.
C. alpinus
and
others.
Ulex europaeus, Saphora tomentosa,
S. speciosa, Baptisia tinctoria.
Laburnums dropping
wells of
fire.
Tennyson: "
{Bahia).
Ifi
3Iemoriam.''
ANDIRA ARAROBA
GOA-POWDER TREE
98.
leaflets
ARAROBA-POWDER TREEBAHIAPOWDER TREE. Leguminosce. A tree; 50 Flowers yellow, in axillary or terminal panicles. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate; ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Pod drupaceous, greenishft.
yellow, glabrous; pulp fleshy, enclosing a single hard nut.
ToxicPrinciples.CHRYSAROBm, CHRYSOPHANIC ACID.

/ dreamed
of a jungle flowered with hurning scents. Moist with the tufts of musk and creeper glooms, A jungle of the Indies drunk with blooms, Where gold of fertile rottenness ferments. Samain: " Visions.'"
Ill
SIMPLE IRRITANTS
thirst;
pain in the throat and stomach; tenesmus; purging; dysuria; dyspnoea and cough occasionally. Death through shock; convulsions; exhaustion; or starvation due to injury to
Symptoms.
Burning
nausea;
vomiting;
throat or stomach.
56

RICHARDIA AFRICANA
WHITE ARUM
ft.
99.
TRUMPET LILYLILY OF THE NILE. Aracece. Herb; 2 Flowers enclosed in a white spathe; monoecious; massed on an orange spadix. Leaves saggitate, borne on long Spring and summer. Rhizome thick. Greenhouse perennial. Toxic Principle. ÂCRID JUICE, also contained in R. macuradical^,
petioles.
lata,
R. hastata.
Nor The
stay tiU on the last year's lily -stem white cup shrivels round the golden heart.
RossETTi: " Barren Spring.^'
ARUM MACULATUM
CUCKOO
{British).
100.
PENT LORDS AND LADIES WILD ARUM WAKE ROBIN PORTLAND SAGO PORTLAND STARCH ROOT LAMB-m-A-PULPIT JACK-IN-A-PULPIT LILY GRASS MANDRAKE NIGHTINGALES CALVES' FOOT FRIAR's COWL BULLS AND COWS BOBBING JOAN BOBBINS BLOODY man's FINGER AARON ADAM AND EVE adder's meat ARROW ROOT.
Aracece. Leaves halberd-shaped, glossy, usually spotted. Spadix club-shaped. Hedges, banks and thickets; 6-10 perennial May. Spathe greenish spadix purple. Toxic Principle. ÂCRID JUICE, also contained in A. atroins.
; ;
{Fatalities.
nibens, A. crinitum.
Fen-water and adder' s-meat
The ways
are sair fra' the Till to the Tyne.
Swinburne: " The Sea-SwaUows."
ANTHURIUM FERRIERENSE
BANNER PLANT
Aracece.
{Cultivated inBritain).
101,
FLAMINGO
PLANT
TAIL
1
PLANT.
Dwarf -growing
evergreen;
ft.
Flowers
on
peduncles which spring from among the base of the leafstalks; spathe ovate-oblong, crimson; spadix whitish; JuneSeptember. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 18 ins., leathery.
IRRITANT POISONS
57
Toxic Principle.ACRID JUICE, also contained in A. candidum, A. divaricatum, A. dracontium, A. dracunculus, A. italicum, A. macrorihizon.
.
. .
writhen flakes of flame.
RossETTi: " Love's
Fatality.'''
PHILODENDRON
SIMSII {Cultivated in Britain).
102.
Aracem. A shrub; stem stout; erect. Flowers; spathe crimson, inflated at base, expanding above into an oval hood rather exceeding the spadix; nearly sessile; March. Leaves
cordate-saggitate,
2 by
IJ
ft.,
with raised, purple veins
beneath; petioles rounded, IJ ft. long. Toxic Principle.ACRID JUICE.
lily pale,
with damask dye to grace her. Shakespeare: " The Passionate Pilgrim.''
DAPHNE LAUREOLA
SPURGE LAUREL
Thymelacece.
green.
{British).
103.
COPSE
LAUREL
WOOD
LAUREL
DV7ARF BAY.
A shrub. Leaves broadly lanceolate. EverFlowers in axillary racemes. Woods; 2-8 March;
ft.;
yellowish-green; berries black.
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principle.MEZEREm,
Crown me,
willing
Melpomene,
With Delphic bay.
Horace: " Ode" xxx.
DAPHNE MEZEREUM
COMMON MEZEREON
Thymelacece.
{British).
104.
MYSTERIOUS PLANT SPURGE SPURGE OLIVE DWARF BAY.
FLAX
shrub.
Leaves
lanceolate,
deciduous.
ft.;
Flowers
pink.
sessile,
usually 3 together.
Woods; 4-8
March;
Berries scarlet.
Toxic Principle.MEZEREIN,
Bring too some branches forth Of Daphne's hair. Johnson: " Shepherd's Song."
58
DAPHNE GNIDUM
SPURGE FLAX
{South Europe).
105.
FLAX-LEAVED DAPHNE. Thymelacece. Bush; 2-5 Branches many; slender; ascending. Leaves alternate; numerous; persistent; crowded at summit; linear; Flowers arising from several minal panicles. Fruit \ ovoid; tapering; scarlet; Julyft.
sessile.
ter-
in.;
September; white.
Toxic Principle.
MEZEREIN, also contained in D. alpina.

so
Garden.''^
Apdlo hunted Daphne
Only that she might Laurel grow. Marvell: " Thoughts in a
NARCISSUS MOSCHATUS
{British).
106.
MUSK-SCENTED DAFFODIL.
Amaryllidacece. Spathe single-flowered; nectary bellshaped; erect, with 6 crisped segments, equal to the perianth. Moist woods; 1 ft.; perennial; March; yellow.
Toxic Principle.NARCISSJNE,
I know a wood which hides the
daffodil.
Arnold: "
Thyrsis.''
NARCISSUS POETICUS
poet's daffodil
{British).
107.
WHITSUN LILY. Spathe single-flowered; nectary very Amaryllidacece. short, depressed, crenated on the margin. Heaths and pasperennial. May; white; nectary edged with tures;
1
ft.;
crimson.
Toxic Principle.THARCISSINE.
And
here narcissus -root, for swellings best.
Clorin's Song.''
IRRITANT POISONS
59
}^
/08
m
^^^^
:^
iM^
^%
60

NARCISSUS JOHNSTONII
QUEEN OF
SPAIN.
Amaryllidacece. (Corbularia group). Flowers yeUow; outer segments much contracted; tube in centre composed of confluent stamens.
Toxic Pri7iciple.NARCISS'INE, To
ivhat strange
The double blossom
end hath some strange god made fair of two fruitless flowers ? Swinburne: " Herma'phroditusy
NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS
{British).
Amaryllidacece. Herbaceous perennial. Leaves swordshaped. Flowers hermaphrodite composed entirely of petals; white or yellow. Fruit a 3-celled capsule. March-April.
AFFADIL AVEREL BELL ROSE BUL ROSE COMMON DOUBLE DAFFODIL CROW BELLS CHALICE FLOWER DAFFIDOWNDILLY LENT LILY LENT ROSE.
;
Toxic PrwcfjpZe.NARCISSINE.
Daffodils that come before the swallow dares, And take the winds of March with beauty.
Shakespeaee.
NARCISSUS POLYANTHUS. NARCISSUS TAZETTA

108.
POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS
Amaryllidacece.
FRENCH
DAFFODIL.
what elongated.
nectary yellow.
Spathe many-flowered; nectary some perennial; May. pale yellow, or white;

I ft;
Toxic PrmcipZe.NARCISSINE.
.
. .
Nor
in the spritig the narciss shows its head withers till the rose has flamed to red.
Wilde:
''
Desespoir.''
IRRITANT POISONS
61
GALANTHUS NIVALIS
COMMON SNOWDROP
(British).
109.
CANDLEMAS BELLSBULBOUS VIOLET FAIR MAIDS OF FEBRUARY PURIFICATION FLOWER. Amaryllidacece. Flowers pendant. Meadows and thickets; 4-8 perennial. February and March; white,
solitary,
ins.;
inner segments tipped with green.
Toxic Principle .NARCISSINE.

The frail snowdrop Born of the breath of Winter. Barry Cornwall.
HYACINTHUS NONSCRDPTUS. AGRAPHIS NUTANS (British). 110.

BLUE BELLS OF ENGLAND WILD HYACINTH BLUE BOTTLE CRAKE FEET CROW BELLS CROW LEEK CULVERKEYS COMMON BLUE BELL DOG's LEEK HAIR BELL -HARE
BELL.
Liliacece.
flaccid.
nial.
May and June

. .
Flowers Woods and
in
thickets; abundant;
;
Leaves perenblue, sometimes pink. Bitter flavour.

drooping racemes.
linear,
6-10 ins.;

Steal
from
Each
faint half-whisperings the bluebeirs nodding carillons breezy morn.

.
Wilde: " Humanitad.''
HYACINTHUS ORIENTALIS
ORIENTAL HYACINTH
Liliacece.
(Cultivated in Britain).
(CZAR PETERANNA MARIA). Flowers in crowded racemes. Leaves white, yellow, perennial; March and April; 6 crimson, pink. Bitter flavour. Toxic Principle. ÂCRID JUICE, also contained in H.
linear.
ins.-l ft.;
blue,
romanus.
The
bee sucked in by the hyacinth.
Browning: " Woman and
Eoses.^'
62
FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS {British). IIL snake's head FRITILLARY DROOPING TULIP GUINEA-HEN FLOWER CHEQUERED DAFFODIL CHEQUERED LILY.
LiliacecB.
Stem
1 -flowered.
Moist meadows;
1 ft.;
perennial.
Leaves linear-lanceolate. April; pink.

also
Toxic Principle.
imperialis.
IMPERIALINE,
contained in F.
/ know what white.
What purple fritUlaries The grassy harvest of the river-fields. Above hy Ensham, down by
Sandford, yields.
Arnold: "
Thyrsis.'^
CLEMATIS VITALBA
{British).
112.
traveller's joy BIND WITH BITING CLEMATIS HEDGE VINE lady's bower MAIDEN's HONESTY OLD MAN OLD man's beard SMOKE WOOD VIRGIN's BOWER.
climbing plant, with pinnate leaves. Fruit feathered with long silvery plume. Hedges, on chalky
Ranunculacece.
perennial;
soil;
June and July; whitish.
Toxic Principle. CLEMATINE,

. . .
Each hedge with yellow
straggling traveller^ s-joy stars will bind.
Wilde: " Humanitad.''
CLEMATIS RUBRO-VIOLACEA
RanunculacecE.
113.
PURPLE CLEMATIS.
do not sheath stem.
July-October;
Woody climber; 20 Leaves opposite; Flowers; petals none; carpels -seeded;

ft.
sepals
oblong-lanceolate;
acute;
membrana-
ceous; violet-coloured, with prominent midrib.
Toxic principle. CLEMATINE.

The purple
Welcomes
clematis
its
upon the wall Emperor to his Ancient Hall. Anok.: " New
Masters.^'
IRRITANT POISONS
CLEMATIS FLORIDA.
63
CLEMATIS HYBRIDES
Eanunculacece.
etc.,
114.
LARGE-FLOWERED CLEMATIS
JACKMAN'S CLEMATIS.
Hardy climber. Flowers pale white, pink, spreading; sepals 6-8; lanceolate; peduncles 1 -flowered,
leaflets ovate-acute, entire.
longer than the leaves; double or single; April-September.
Leaves ternately decompound;
Many
other varieties are also cultivated.
Toxic Principle. CLEMATmE,

AtC
oan fine Jackmari's i' purple A-rohin'' the ôuse like a Queean.
my
Tennyson: " The
Spinster's Sweet- Arts.''
ANEMONE NEMOROSA
WOOD ANEMONE
Eanunculacece.
stalked, deeply-cut leaves.
(British).
115.
WOOD
WIND FLOWER.
of
6.
with involucrum 3 Flowers Petals Woods and thickets;

solitary,
6-8 ins.; perennial; April; white, purplish underneath.
Toxic Principles.AÊMOlsim, OIL

The coy anemone
OF ANEMONE.
H. Smith.
Her
that ne'er uncloses lips until they're blown on by the wind.
ANEMONE APENNINA
BLUE ANEMONE
Eanunculacece.
{British).
APENNINE
numerous.
WIND FLOWER.
Petals
volucrum
of 3 deeply-cut, ternate leaves.

;
Leaves triternate; Woods; a doubtful

OF ANEMONE.
in-
native; 6 ins.
perennial; April; blue.
Toxic Principles.ANE-mOiam, OIL

blood-begotten frail anemone.
J.
Hicks: " Questions."
64
ANEMONE CORONARIA
POPPY ANEMONES
Ranunculacece.
colour;
sepals
sessile, ternate,
116.
POPPY
oval,
WIND FLOWER ANEMONE.

many,
;
COMMON
varying
GARDEN
Flowers
solitary,
much
in
6,
approximate;
April-May.
linear,
Leaves
also
segments multifid lobules
mucronated.
Toxic Principles.ASEMOl^JN, OIL

contained in A. hortensis, A. Pulsatilla.
There grew pied wind-flowers.
OF ANEMONE,
Shelley: " The Question."
RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA
Ranunculacece.
places;
{British).
117.
SMALL SPEAR WORT.

with long foot-stalks.
Lower leaves Stem

. . .
ovate-lanceolate,
serrated,
reclining.
Ditches
and wet
common;
1-2 ft.; perennial;
June -September; yellow.
Toxic Principle.ACBJD JUICE.

cuckoo-huds of yellow hue That paint the meadows with delight. Shakespeaee: " Spring.''
RANUNCULUS AURICORMUS
WOOD CROWFOOT
Ranunculacece.
{British).
118.
GOLDILOCKS.
with deeply-cut lobes. Petals with a pore at
Leaves 3-parted,
1 ft.;
Stems
erect, slender,
many-flowered.
the base.
Dry woods;
perennial; April-June; yellow.

Therewith fantastic garlands did she make
Of crowflowers
Shakespeare.
IRRITANT POISONS
65
//6
lA
/2/
;^'
66
RANUNCULUS FICARIA
LESSER CELANDINE
Banunculacece.
{British).
119.
BUTTERCUPCROWFOOTMARSH
WORT.
of
PILE
with
many
petals.
Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers Roots consisting clustered tubers.

;
solitary,
Hedge-banks and shady places common 4-6 March and April yellow.
; ;
ins.
perennial
Toxic Principles. ACRID JUICE,
ANEMONIN.
the Small Celandine.'^
There's a flower that shall he mine, ^Tis the little celandine.
Wordsworth: " To
RANUNCULUS SCELERATUS
(British).
120.
CELERY-LEAVED CROWFOOT.
Banunculacece. Lower leaves palmate, with 3 slightly lobed segments; shining; lower ones fingered in 3 lobes. Fruit forming a cylindrical head. Watery places; common;
1-2 ft.; annual;
June-September; yellow.
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principles.ACRID JUICE,

The
tufted crow-toe.
ANEMONIN.
Lycidas.''
Milton: "
RANUNCULUS ACRIS
{British).
121.
BUTTERCUP BUTTER DAISY UPRIGHT MEADOW CROWFOOT BLISTER PLANTCROW FLOWER. MEADOW RANUNCULUS YELLOW GOWAN. Banunculacece. Stem hairy, round. Calyx spreading; petals with a small scale at the base. Very common in
erect,
meadows and
pastures;
1 ft.;
perennial; June; yellow.

The
All will be gay when noontide wakes anew buttercups, the little children's dower.
Browning: " Home-thoughts from
Abroad.'*
IRRITANT POISONS
67
RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS
BUTTERCUP
ST.
{British).
122.
BUTTER DAISYBULBOUS CROWFOOT CROW FLOWER ANTHONY'S TURNIP. Banunculacece. Root bulbous. Flower stalks furrowed, hairy. Calyx reflexed. Pastures; common; perennial;
1 ft.;
May; yeUow.
Buttercups that wUl he seen
Whether we
will see or no.
Wordsworth: " To
the
Small Celandine.''
RANUNCULUS ASIATICUS
GARDEN RANUNCULUS
Ranunculacece.
serrated.
123.
TURBAN
RANUNCULUS.
lobes,
Leaves 3-parted, with deeply-cut Flowers solitary; nectary aborted;

1
ft.;
June;
crimson, sometimes yellow.

For
Frossis-foot men call it his levys are like the frossis fet.
Country Incantation.
P.ffiONIA
OFFICINALIS
124.
GARDEN PÔNY.
Ranunculacece.
parted.
ft.
Herb, shrubby. Root Leaves 3sometimes double; petals whorled Flowers perennial. August white to crimson.
large.
solitary,

. .
.
Or on
glut thy sorrow on a morning rose the wealth of globed pceonies.
Keats: " Ode
to
Mdanchdy."'
68

AQUILEGIA VULGARIS
COLUMBINE.
Ranunculacece.
{British).
125.
incurved.
Leaves 2-ternate, lobed. Spur of perennial; Woods and pastures; 18

ins.;
petals
June;
purple or rose colour. Toxic Principle.ACRID JUICE.

The cdumbine
in
tawny often taken.
Is then ascribed to such as are forsaken. Browne: " Britannia's Pastorals.'^
BRYONIA DIOICA
{British).
126.
RED BERRIED BRYONY COMMON WHITE BRYONY WHITE WILD VINE WILD HOP DEVIL'S TURNIP GRAPE WORT MANDRAKE MURRAIN BERRIES TETTER BERRY.
ISLE OF
Cucurbitacece.
dioecious. red.
WIGHT VINE.
Hedges; common; perennial; May;

.
.
Stems
climbing.
Leaves
palmate, rough;
green; Berries
{Fatalities.)
Toxic Principle.BRYONIN.
.
glossy -berried mandragore.
Wilde: " Humanitad.^^
CUCUMIS COLOCYNTHIS
BITTER APPLE
Cucurbitacece.
{Central Europe).
127.
COLOCYNTH.
branched; yellow; crown rough; branched. Leaves alterbrown. Stems prostrate; nate; with lateral tendril; deeply cleft; undulated; on long
Root
woody;
stalks.Flowers unisexual; solitary; on long peduncles. Fruit globose; J ins. smooth rarely longitudinally furrowed;
3
;
;
mottled;
-celled;
pericarp hard, but thin; yellow.Seeds

in.;
numerous; immersed in white pulp; J
compressed; brown.
perennial. pale yellow.

Toxic Principle. COLOCYSTUm,
And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and They cried out, and said, . . . There is gathered thereof wild gourds. . . . 2 Kings iv. 39-40. death in the pot. And they could not eat thereof.
IRRITANT POISONS
m\nM>
70

LIGUSTRUM VULGARE
COMMON PRIVET
{British).
127a.
PRIM
PRINT
PRIM.
nearly ever-
Oleacece.
green.
A shrub. Leaves Hedges and thickets; 4-8
elliptic -lanceolate,
ft.;
June; white.
Toxic Principles.LmVSTBJN,
also contained in L. sinense.
LIGUSTRON, SYRINGIN,
Candidior folia nivei Galatea, ligustri.
Ovid.
ASARUM EUROPIUM
ASARABACCA
AristolochiacecB.
{British).
128.
CAHARETHAZEL WORTWILD NARD. Stems creeping and rooting. Leaves kidney-shaped, in Sepals recurved. Mountain woods; 2-4 perennial; May; brown: brown Toxic Principles. OIL OF BAY, ASARIN, also contained in
pairs.
ins.;
juice.
Pimenta
acris,
A. canadensis. Nunc
et Achcemenio Perfundi nardi juvat.
Horace " Epode''
xiii.
SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS
COMMON SOAP WORT
{British).
129.
SOAP WORT GENTIANHEDGE PINK BOUNCING BET CROW SOAP FULLER'S HERB. opposite. ovate-lanceolate, Caryophyllacece. Leaves Calyx cylindrical; flowers often double. Hedge-banks and waste places; 2 perennial; August; pink. Toxic Principle. SAPORUBIN, also contained in Sapindus
ft.
;
emarginatus,
S.
saponaria.
at the mouth.
With the help of soapwort he foamed
Froude "
:
Cagliostro.'^
AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO
CORN COCKLE
Caryophyllacece.
{British).
130.
Flowers
BASTARD NIGELLA
WILD SAVAGER.
large; teeth of calyx projecting
beyond the
corolla; petals very slightly cleft.
Plant covered
IRRITANT POISONS
with silky hairs.
purple.
ft.;
71
Corn-fields; common; 2-3 annual; July; Toxic Principle. SMILACIN, also contained Dianthus
in
plumarius, D. chinensis, D. caryophyllus, Anagallis arvensis, .ffisculus hipposcastinum, Quillaja saponaria, Gosophila
struthian.
Truly she doth as far excdl our women nowadays As doth the gilly-flower a weed. And more a thousand ways. Hey wood: " A Praise of His Lady.''
ANACYCLUS PYRETHRUM
PELLiTORY
Compositce.
{Levant).
131.
Alexander's foot -Bertram lung wort.

vertical.
;
Stem procumbent, or ascending; branched; Root long; tapering; Leaves alternate; oval in outline; deeply bipennatisect segments again 3 Glaucous. Heads terminal; disk-flowers bisexual; yellow;
numerous.
-fid.
ray-flowers female;
in a single row;
white, pink below.
Fruit obovoid: smooth; forming a short, scarious pappus.

perennial
.
Apr
il-
June
Toxic Principle.
INULIN.
Browning: " Another Way
of Love.''
June-lightning the strong insect-ridder To stop the fresh spinning.
ARNICA MONTANA
(Mid. and South Europe).
132.
MEDICINAL leopard's- BANE MOUNTAIN TOBACCO MOUNTAIN

ALKANET.
rarely,
Rhizome black; 2 Flowering-stem 9 oblongLeaves opposite; few; erect; stem, on summit ovate; Flower-heads solitary branches. Fruit linear-oblong; striate. by Glaucous. perennial; June and July; yellow. Dorinicum Toxic Principle. ARNICIN, also contained
Compositce.
ins.
ins.;
cylindrical.
sessile;
entire.
of
or,
lateral
in
pardalianches.
And
The marigold that goes to bed with with him rises weeping.
the sun.
Shakespeare.
72
mPATIENS NOLI-ME-TANGERE
TOUCK-ME-NOT
Balsaminacece.
places local.
;
(British).
133.
COMMON
;
YELLOW BALSAM.
Spur loosely recurved. Watery, shady 1-2 annual July and August bright yellow,
ft.
;
;
with orange spots.

With
lenient halm, my Oberon, hence be driven.
To fairy -land
Cowfer: " To Miss Macarteny.''
ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES
TREACLE
Fumariacece.
ft.;
(British).
134.
1-2
WORM SEED TREACLE MUSTARD. Leaves lanceolate. Waste places and biennial. May-November yellow.
;
fields.
Toxic Principle.FJJMARINE.
Wherever coxdd thrust
sprig of bold hardy rock-flower Its yellow face up.
Some burnt
Browning: " Englishman
in
Italy.''
CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE
hound's tongue
Boraginacece.
(British).
135.
COMMON
DOG'S TONGUE
GIPSY
FLOWER.
.-
Leaves
lanceolate, broad,
Waste ground; common; 2 ft.; Toxic Principles. OIF OF HOUND'S TONGUE, CONSOLIDINE, CYNOGLOSSINE.
From my banks I pluck this flower With hdy hand, whose virtuous pow'r
Is at once to heal and draw.
downy, sessile biennial; July; magenta.
Clorin's Song.'^
SYMPHORICARPOS RACEMOSUS
COMMON SNOW BERRY
Caprifoliaceoe.
(Cultivated inBritain). 136.
ST.
PETER'S WORT.
deciduous shrub; 4-6 ft. Flowers in loose and somewhat leafy, interrupted, terminal spikes; coroUa bearded inside; petals united; stigmas sessile. July-
Hardy,
IRRITANT POISONS
73
/38
/J 7
/42
74
September; pink.
4-seeded,
ovate, entire,
Toxic
Drupes white, baccate, globose, Leaves opposite, shortly glaucous below. Principle. LOTURIDINE, also contained
persistent.
S. occidentalis, S.
fleshy,
petiolate,
in
S.
montana,
microphyllus, S. vulgaris.
Chloris in the snow.
Herbert.
{British).
TAMUS COMMUNIS
BLACK
137.
BRYONY ISLE MANDRAKE
MURRAIN
OF
WIGHT
VINE BERRIES
LADIES' SEAL OX BERRY.
Dioscoriacece.
veined,
glossy leaves.
climbing plant, with heart-shaped, netThickets; perennial. June; green;
Berries red.
Toxic Principle. ACRID JUICE.

Green grapes of Proserpine Where no leaf blooms or blushes Save this whereout she crushes For dead men deadly wine. Swinburne: " The Garden of Proserpine.'"
EUONYMUS EUROPiEUS
{British).
138.
COMMON SPINDLE TREE SKEWER WOOD DOG WOOD CAT WOOD PIG WOOD PRICK WOOD LOUSE BERRY TREE.
ANANBEAM.
CelastracecB.
Hedges; common; May; greenish. Capsules crimson, with orange seeds. Toxic Principle. EUONYMIN, also contained in E. atropur{Fatalities.)
bush.
Leaves
opposite; flowers 4-parted.
pureus.
Flushing like the dogwood crimson in October. Meredith: " Love in the Valley.''
RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS
{British).
139.
COMMON BUCKTHORN FRENCH BERRIES RAIN BERRY RHINE BERRY hart's THORN RHINE THORN WAY THORN.
Ehamnacece.
cleft, in
bush, with spiny branches.
dense clusters.
Thickets. ^May
Flowers
4-
green; Berries black.
IRRITANT POISONS
Toxic Principle.
gula (succulent), R. purshianus.
. These rhamnus branches are, Which, stuck in entries, or about the bar That holds the door fast, kill all enchantments, charms ( Were they Medea's verses) that do harms
. .
75
FRANGULIN, also contained in R. fran-
To men
or cattle.
Clorin'
SomjV
GLAUCIUM LUTEUM
{British).
140.
YELLOW HORNED POPPY SEA POPPY. Papaveracece. Stem smooth. Stem-leaves wavy.
very
long,
curved.
biennial.
June-August; bright yellow.

Horned poppy.
Plant
glaucous.
Sea-coast;
Pods
ft.;
1-3
Toxic Principles. OLAUCmE,
CHELERYTHRINE.
of the Hags.'^
Yes, I have brought, to help our vows.
Johnson: " Sang
COCK-FOOT TETTER WORT. Papaveracece. Flowers in umbels. Plant slightly hairy. perenJuice yellow, acrid. ^Waste ground and thickets; 2 ^May and June yellow.
CELANDINE
ft.
;
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS
(British).
141.
nial.
Toxic Prmc^^ês.CHELIDONINE, CHELERYTHRINE, also contained in C. grandiflorum.

For
leprosy, darnell
and celandine.
Clorin' s Song.''
SEDUM ACRE
COMMON STONE CROP
[British).
142.
BITING STONE CROPCOUNTRY PEPPER CREEPING JACKRUN AWAY JACK GOLDEN MOSS GOLD DUSTWALL MOSS WALL PEPPER JACK OF THE BUTTERY. somewhat alternate, Crassulacece. Leaves bright green. Flowers in ovate, spurred at the base;
close,
fleshy,
trifid
cymes.Walls and rocks; common; June bright yellow. Toxic Principle.ACRID JUICE.
;
.
. ,
1-2
ins.;
perennial;
Blossoming
earliest
the orpine patch on the log-house thatch.
Browning: "
Sorddlo.
76
SEDUM ALBUM
WHITE STONE CROP
Crassulacece.
(British).
Leaves
WORM
GRASS.
fleshy.
scattered,
cylindrical,
S.
Flowers
2-4 ins.
in
many-branched
panicles.
Rocks
and
walls;
Toxic Principle.
rhodola.
perennial; July; white; anthers red. ÂCRID JUICE, also contained

Foul standergrass, from me and mine
in
I banish
thee.
Clorin's
Song.'*''
DIONCEA MUSCIPULA
FLY CATCHER
Droseracece.
'S
143.
VENUS
;
FLY TRAP.
white, in terminal
herbaceous perennial; 6 ins. Flower corymbs July and August. Leaves radical on long footstalks, which are dilated at the top into a 2-lobed irritable limb, beset with one row of long hairs on the margin folding together in the manner of the teeth of a trap. Movement takes place on irritating the bristles at the centre of the
Dwarf
lobe.
Toxic Principle.
ÂCRID JUICE, also contained in species of

dew
:
Pinguicula, Nepenthes, Sarracena.
And And And
sensitive 'plant in a garden grew, the young winds fed it with tender
it opened its fan-like leaves to the light. dosed them beneath the kisses of night.
Shelley: " The
Sensitive Plant.'"'
CROCUS SATIVUS
SAFFRON CROCUS
Iridacece.
{British).
144.
COMMON SAFFRON PLANT. Stigma hanging out the flower in three deep linear segments. Meadows; 6-8 perennial; SeptemberNovember; purple. Toxic Principle. CROCIN, also contained in luteus and
of
ins.;
{Fatalities.)
C.
others.
The boundless waving grass-plains stretch, Thick-starred with saffron

.
Arnold: " The Strayed
Reveller.'"
IRRITANT POISONS
77
^5^^ mp^
78

IRIS
PSEUDACORUS
FLAG
[British).
145.
YELLOW
Iridacece.
IRIS
YELLOW
SWORD
WATER
FLEUR DE LUCE
FLAG.
JACOB'S
segments of perianth smaller than the Seeds angular. Watery places; common; 3-4 ft.; perennial; June; yellow.
petaloid stigmas, the outer very broad.
Inner
Toxic Principle. IRIDIN.

Where
the hold sword-lily cuts the dear waters. Beowning: " Flight of the Duchess.''
IRIS FCETIDISSIMA
[British).
146.
STINKING GLADWINROAST-BEEF PLANT GLADER GLAD IN BLUE SEGGIN. Inner segments of perianth spreading, outer narrow. Seeds rounded; Pastures and thickets; 1-2 perennial; June-August; purple, sometimes yellow. Seeds orange. Toxic Principle. IRIDIN.
STINKING
IRIS
Iridacece.
foetid.
ft.;
Before the sphinx the witched
iris pales.
R. M. Bloch: "
Beethoven Sonata.''
(2)
(5)
(1)
(1) IRIS FLORENTINA. VARIEGATA. (3) IRIS AMCENA. (4) IRIS NEGLECTA. IRIS RETICULATA. [Cultivated in Britain.)
IRIS
FLORENTINE IRIS ORIS ROOT PLANT ORRICE ROOT PLANT. IRIS. TINTED IRIS. (2) VARIEGATED (3) DELICATELY FLAG IRIS BROAD-LEAVED FLAG IRIS. (4) GERMAN (5) EARLY BULBOUS IRIS.
Iridacece.
ins.;
Rhizome cylindrical; 12 flowers terminal. Fruit a capsule; faintly triangular. perennial. May; white.
(1)
rarely
branched; ringed. Leaves sword-shaped; equitantly sheathing below. Flowering-stem much exceeding leaves branched
;
solitary;
in.; 3-celled;
Toxic Principle.JRIDIN.
IRRITANT POISONS
(2,
79
3,
4) Iridacece.
Flowering-stem
obovate-unguiculate,
erect, clustered, 4-5 flowered, glaucous, forked, 3 ft.;
perennial.
Leaves tufted, few, sword-shaped, glaucous.

;
May;
Toxic Principle.IRIDIN.
Flowers variously coloured February-March. Leaves generally 2 to a as high as flower at floweringtime, afterwards growing to or more. Toxic Principle. IRIDIN, also contained tuberosa and
(5) Iridacece.
tuft,
1 ft.
in
I.
others.
Viola canina odorata, V.

. .
.
palmensis, V.
sylvatica,
V. tricolor.
the nests
And
nooks retain their long-ranged vesture-chests

smelling of the Iris-root.
Empty and
Browning: "
Sordello.''
POLYGALA SENEGA
Polygalacece.
{North America).
147.
SENECA SNAKE ROOT.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate. Stems numerous, slender, Flowers crowded in a terminal perennial May and June spike petals Seeds 6-12
sessile,
erect.
2.
3.
ins.
pink.
Toxic Principle.
POLYGALIN, also contained

. .
.
in P.
amara.
And
grass out of a watery rock, their long tangles in each other lock.
Shelley: " The Medusa.''
RHEUM PALMATUM
148.
TURKEY RHUBARB MEDICINAL RHUBARB PALMATE-LEAVED RHUBARB SHARA-MOTO DJUNTSA.
PolygonacecB.
Root
many
with a vertical axis
ft.
long,
and
equally thick;
slender rootlets 2 ft long.
stem 7-10 ft.; cylindrical; hollow; striate; root on petioles 2 ft. long; 5-lobed; deeply and unequally Flowers numerous; serrate; stem-leaves becoming smaller. on spreading pedicels 2-3 together on branchlets of panicle,
Floweringred. Leaves at
80

off in tufts
which come
at each joint.
Fruit
triangular in
section; winged.
perennial; June; white.

.
ToxicPrinciples.'RKEOl!ilLlCACID, CHRYSAROBIN, also contained in R. compactum, R. undulatum, R. australe.

.
. .
To
grieve
with your rhubarb words you must contend me worse . . Sydney: " Sonnets
to Stella.'"
PLUMBAGO CAPENSIS
Plumbaginacece.
149.
CAPE LEAD WORT.
Shrub,
half-hardy climber; 2
ft.
angularly
striate,
glaucous.
Flowers
Stem
short,
in
terminal,
approximating spikes; corolla-tube thrice as long as calyx. Summer-autumn; pale blue. Leaves oblong-obtuse, entire,
mucronulate.
Fruit dry, unilocular,
1 -seeded.
Toxic Principles.VUmB AGIN, OIL

P. scandens.
OF PLUMBAGO,
also
contained in P. europsea, P. coccinea, P. larpentse, P. rosea,

Where bright plumbago-blossoms curling high Strive to repeat the odour of the sky.
Anon.: " The Greenhouse."
DIPTERYX ODORATA
Leguminosce.
{Guiana and Cayenne).
150.
TONQUIN BEAN
TONGA
BEAN.
ft.
hard-wooded tree; 60-80
nate; simple-winged.
Leaves
alter-
Fruit-pods almond-shaped, each con-
taining a fragrant, black seed.
Flowers on a spike; papiliona-
ceous; pale purple.
Toxic Principle. COVMARIN, also contained in Angraecum fragrans, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Asperula odorata, Melilotus
(species),
Eupatorium
(species).
Sweet-smelling of pine-leaves and grasses. And blown as a tree through and through With the winds of the keen mountain-passes. And tender as sun-smitten dew. Savinbttrne: " To Walt Whitman in America.""
IRRITANT POISONS
81
RHUS TOXICODENDRON
POISON IVY
Anacardiacece.
{N. America).
151.
etc.,
TRAILING POISON OAK. A shrub; climbing by rootlets over rocks, or ascending Flowers greenish-yellow, slender, axillary panicles; June. Leaves alternate, simple; rhombic, ovate, mostly pointed, rather downy beneath, variously notched, sinuated, or cut-lobed. Stem
trees.
in loose,
leaflets
3;
Toxic Principle. TOXICODENDROL.

Arteris atque hedera procera adstringetur Hex.
Horace: " Epode"
xv.
RHUS VENENATA.
RHUS VERNIX
POISON ELDER
{N. America).
152.
POISON ASHPOISON SUMACHSWAMP SUMACH DOG WOOD. 6-18 Flowers Anacardiacece. A hardy, deciduous
tree.
ft.
green, small, polygamous, in loose
and
slender, axillary
and
Calyx 4-6 parted, persistent; petals 4-6, much spreading, imbricated; stamens 4-10; July. Fruit in small, dry, compressed drupes. Leaves alternate, simple; leaflets obovate-oblong, entire, rather glabrous than
bractate, terminal
panicles.
pubescent, reticulately veined below, veins above red-purple, becoming red on decay. Stem contains a milky juice.
Toxic Principle. TOXICODENDROL, also contained in R. arborea, R. caustica, R. diversilobaj R. metopium, R. radicans, R. coriaria.
that stud some cUmug Pricked for gxLm.
As knops
to the pith
Browning: "
SordeUo.''
82
V,
?
I
SPECIFIC lEEITANTS
I
MICRO FUNGI
Bl ASTOM YCETES
* * * *
1.
.
PalmellacecB.
.
.
Oidium albicans

,,
thrush.
h
dermatitidis
A
.
tropicalis para-tropicalis
oidiomycosis.
Hyphomycetes.
* * * * * * * *
2.
Erysiphece.
. .
Erysiphe Tuckeri Monilia psilosis Sporothrix Schenkii Streptothrix actinomycetes

.
vine mildew. sprue. sporothricosis.

Jactinomycosis.
j
,,
asteroides
madurae
stellata
mycetoma.
hemisporosis.
Hemispora Macrosporium tomato
tomato blight.
tropical seborrhoea. darnel-grass fungus.
* *
* *
Pityrosporium cantliei Fusisporium lolii solani roseolum.

.
. . .
. .
[potato blight.
J
Tinece.
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Megalasporon endothrix
3.
. .
. .
4^
Vringworm. ectothrix Microsporon Audouini (in hair); pityriasis versicolor. furfur ^^

.
.
5.
6.
minutissimum
.
erythrasma.
favus.
Achorion Schonbeinii Trichophyton Mansoni
takelan ringworm.
)
Epidermophyton

cruris
rubrum
j^hqbi itch.
Endodermophyton
..
inguinale concentri-
hongkong foot.
\
cum [tinea
indicum
83
J
imbricata.
84

Hyphomycetes.
PerisporiacecB.
7. 8.
* * * *
Pencilium glaucum Aspergillus fumigatus

,,
|pellagra(?).
SYCOSIS.
-
,,
barbae flavus niger
AURAL MYCOSIS.
Phycomycetes.
*
9.
Mucorinece.
aural mycosis.
Mucor mucedo
Pyrenomycetes.
*
HypocracecB.
. .
10.
Claviceps purpurea
ergotism. Toxic Principles.
ERGOTOXINE. SPHACALINIC ACID.
CARPOM YCETES Puccinia grammis

coronata
UrcdinecB
mildew.
Ustilagince.
Ustilago carbo
,,
,,
..
..]
maydis
destruens
.
SMUT.
Toxic Principle.
GITHAGIN.
Tilletia caries
BUNT.
PeronosporecB.
OoMYCETES.
* *
Phytophthora infestans Exoascus pruni
POTATO BLIGHT.
PLUM DISEASE.
SPECIFIC IRRITANTS
85
II
BACTERIA
Non-Neticleated Organisms, parasitic to Man. From -(^ inch. They produce certain changes in the Nidus by absorbing water or excreting pigments, etc. Reproduction, hourly, by elongation and fission or spore-production. Colonies colour recognisable to the naked eye as to size, shape, and
when
cultivated on a suitable
medium.
CoccacecB.
ScHizoMYCETES.
Micrococcus solaniferum
11. 12.

,, ,,
,
thecalis
GREEN POTATO -POISON. LANDRY'S PARALYSIS.

ENTERITIS.
tetragenes Meletensis
zymogenes neof ormans

,,
13. 14. 15. 16.
Dipiococcus lanceolatus

gonorrhoeae catarrhalis meningitidis
MALTA FEVER. MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS. CANCER (associated with), PLEUROPNEUMONIA.

GONORRHCEA. CATARRH.
CEREBRO-SPINAL
17. 18.
MENINGITIS. ERYSIPELAS. -Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus septicemia. PYEMIA. albuS
Bacillacece.
* 19. Bacillus anthracis * botulinus ,,
86

cBdematus maligni
27. Bacillus 28. 29.

,
APPENDIX
PLANTS REPUTED POISONOUS
Toxic Principles.
Abrus precatoribus
Acnistus arborescens
{Defiiershii
CORAL-BEAD PLANT
JEQUIRITOL.
DEADLY DWALE
HOTTENTOT-POISON
Schimperi venenata
BUSH
OUABAIN.
I
f
Acorns calamis
Adamstonia digitata
Aesculus nernn
hipposcasta^seruginosus
SWEET FLAG BAOBAB TREE HORSE -CHESTNUT
CALAMINE.
ACORIN.
ADAMSTONINE.
iESCULIN.
dryophilus
Agaricus
excelsa sprita
FUNGI
verna
Vvirosa
Agave f cBtida Aglaonema conunutata

Alstonia scholaris
FOETID ALOE
PHILIPPINE POISON
DART
DITA-BARK TREE
f
ALSTONINE.
PORPHYRINE.
Amianthium
toxicum Amyris toxifera
muscoe-
AMERICAN FLY-POISON
JANCA TREE
Anacardium
[l^^^f^] cashkw-k^
SCARLET PIMPERNEL STINKING-WOOD
CARDOL.
CYCLAMIN.
f
Anagalis arvensis Anagyris foetida
Anchusa
officinalis
Andira anthelmintica
ALKANET CABBAGE TREE
CONSOLIDINE.
\ CYNOGLOSSINE.
(
Anhalonium|L^^^|^;^^.. }mescal
87
ANDIRIN. MESCALINE. PELLOTINE. LOPHORINE.
88

Toxic Principles.
DOG S CHAMOMILE Apocynum androsoemi- AMERICAN FLY-TRAP

folium
Anthemis cotula
PRUSSIC ACID. APOCYNIN.
Apocynum cannabinum
Areca catechu Arictus hypogrea
Aristolochia grandiflora
AMERICAN HEMP
BETEL -NUT PAI.M
PELICAN FLOWER
APOCYNA[MARIN.
ARECOLINE.
ARICTINE.
dranunculus Italicum Asclepiadacum {species) Asperugo procumbens Asperula {species)
Arum Arum
ARISTOLOCTIN.
ASCLEPIADIN.
DRAGON ARUM ITALIAN ARUM
GERMAN MAD -WORT
LAUROTETANINE.
Aspidium
filix
mas
Astrantia mâjor
Azalea pontica
Ball Ota nigra
MALE FERN BLACK MASTER -WORT YELLOW AZALEA

STINKING HOREHOUND ILPA OIL PLANT
FILICIC ACID.
Bassia longifolia Berberis
BERBERINE.
1
urena "[succulenta
fangustifolia
west-indian poison
berry
boldo tree fungus
cape poison-bulb
Blepharis Capensis Boldoa fragrans Boletus felleus
BOLDIN.
Brugmansia
Buphane
toxicaria
BUPHANINE.
gig^^tea procera Calycanthus glaucus Capparis cynophalloCalotropis | ^

(
mudar plant
carolina allspice bottle-cod root
phora
Carica Papaya Cassia occidentalis
papaw tree
stinking -wood serpent's bane
CARPAINE.
Cerbera Ahonai
Cestrum aurantiacum
Chserophyllum temulen-
night - blooming JASMINE COW PARSLEY

AFRICAN rat's -BANE
tum
Chailettia toxicaria Cheiranthus Cheiri
WALLFLOWER
STINKING GOOSE-FOOT
Chenopodium vulvaria
Chiacocca racemosa Chianonthus virginica Chloroxylon Swietenia
CHIANCA ROOT
SATIN
CHIANCIN.
WOOD
CHLORO[XYLONINE.

Chrysophillum glycyphoelum Circoea Lutetiana
Cirmicifuga foetida Clathrus cancellatus {asper illudens porrens sulphureus
89
Toxic Principles,
monesa-bark tree
MONESIN.
ENCHANTER S NIGHTSHADE FCETID BUG-BANE

LATTICE STINKHORN
Convolvulus sepium
papiloniaCoprinarius ceus Coprinus picaceus
bell-bind
Coriaria ruscifolia Coriaria thymif olia
Cornus sanguinea
Coronilla scorpioides Coronilla varia
Corynocarpus laevigata Crataegus oxyacanthes

Crepis foetida
Cuscuta epithymuin Cuscuta Europoea COMMON CYCLA3VIEN Cyclamen Eui'opaeum Cynornoreum coccinseum scarlet mushroom OF MALTA Cyprepedium pubescens large yellow lady's -slipper broom fungus Cytinus
MAGPIE MUSHROOM NEW-ZEALAND TOOTPLANT NEW-ZEALAND INKPLANT SKEWER-WOOD SCORPION SENNA ROSY-CROWN VETCH KURAKA TREE MAY TREE FCETID HAWKSBEARD SMALL DODDER GREAT DODDER
TUTIN.
CORIAMYRTIN.
CORONILLINE.
KURAKIN.
CUSCUTIN.
CYCLAMIN.
Daphne
tartonraria Derris uliginosa
HERB TERRIBLE
COLIC-ROOT
Dioscorea villosa Drosera rotundifolia Dysodia chrysanthemoides
YAM
DIOSCORINE.
SUNDEW
FCETID
MARIGOLD
fCONSOLIDINE. tCYNOGLOSSINE.
Echium vulgar Epipremnum mirabile

Equisteum arvense
Erigeron canadensis Eryrugo maritima
viper's bugloss
TONGA PLANT
EQUISTEIC FALSE HORSE-TAIL [ACID. CANADIAN FLEA-BANE
Eupatorium
(species)
{arborea
Drummondi
officinarum
^
Y
DRUMINE.
90

Toxic Principles.
pilulifera
Euphorbia
AUSTRALIAN SNAKE-
WEED
Euphorbia punica
Euryale ferox Exoascus pruni
SCARLET - FLOWERED SPURGE

PLUai DISEASE
Fagus sylvatica
Galega frutescens Galipea cusparia Garcia nutans 'bilobum
callis-
TIPSY-WOOD
CUSPERINE.
Gastrolobium
tachys AUSTRALIAN CATTLEcalycinum POISON PLANTS
obovatum
vspinosum
Gaulteria procumbens Genista tinctoria GeofEroya inermis Gleditschia ferox Gleditschia triacantha
WINTERGREEN dyer's GREENWOOD

HONEY-LOCUST THORN
OIL OF WINTER.
[GREEN.
GLEDITISCfflNE,
COMMON HONEYLOCUST AFRICAN BOXWOOD LIGNUM VIT^ FALSE COFFEE-BEAN
Gonioma Kamassi Guiacum officinale Gymnocladus dioica
GUIACUM.
GYMNOCLA[DINE.
SAPOTOXINE.
Gyrometra esculenta
Hedeoma
Pulegioides
AMERICAN ROYAL
PENNY-
OIL OF PENNY-
Hedera helix IVY Heliotropum Europseum HELIOTROPE Helleborus atrorubens RED CHRISTMAS -ROSE Helleborus officinalis HELLEBORE OF THE ANCIENTS Helvella esculenta FUNGUS Hura crepitans monkey's dinnerbell Hyssnanche globosa hy^na-poison Hydnocarpus piscidia ceylon fish-poison
ROYAL. HEDERIN. HELIOTRO[PINE.
HELVELLIC
[ACID.
HY-ffiNANCHIN.
Hydnora Africana Hydrastis canadensis Hydrocotyle vulgaris
golden seal sheep's-bane
HYDRASTINE. VELLARIN.

Hygrophorus
coniciis
91
Toxic Principles.
VISCID -WHITE MUSH-
ROOM
Hypochseris radicata
cat's
ear
-
Hyssopus
officinalis
common hyssop
Ileodictyon cibarium
Ilex vomitoria
thund er dirt
FUNGUS
EMETIC -HOLL"X
-POISON-BAY
lUicium/^^^^!^^^^"^
(^religiosum
Jatropa stimulans Juniperus virginica
STINGING BUSH
RED CEDAR
SHEEP-POISON LAUREL CALICO BUSH
OIL OF CEDAR.
Kalmia Kalmia
angustifolia
latifolia
Kibara macrophylla
aurantiacus blennus helvus nectatus thyogalus
virtus
BLACK-INK BERRY
Lactarius-
MILK-BEARING FUNGI
Lactuca virosa WILD LETTUCE rbalanophora

Langsdorfia^^j^^p^l^,
V.
LACTUCIN.
nelosis
cnemis
Lathraea orobanche Lathrsea squamosa
Lathyrus cicera Lathyrus hirsutus Lathyrus sativus Laureola Novae Zealandse Ledum palustris Leontice thalictroides
BROOM RAPE TOOTH-WORT FLAT-PODDED VETCH ROUGH-PEA

CHICK-PEA
pukatea
PUKATEINE.
MARSH CYSTUS
SOUTH - SEA - ISLAND
FISH-POISON
Lepidium piscidium
Limaciumj chrysodon Lolium temulentum

^
carnosus
BEARDED
GRASS
DARNEL-/ TEMULINE. \ LOLUNE.
Lonicera
pericyclseme-
COMMON HONEYSUCKLE FLY HONEYSUCKLE

MISTLETOE
num
Lonicera xylosteum Loranthus Europaeus
CONTINENTAL
XYLOGLO[STEIN.
92

Toxic Principles.
Lotus Australis
Lupinus densiflorus Lupinus luteus Lycopodiiim selago

Malphigia urens
AUSTRALIAN SHEEP SPOISON CALIFORNIAN SHEEP'SPOISON LUPINOTOXIN. YELLOW LUPINE PILIGANINE. FIB CLUB -MOSS
COW-ITCH CHERRY
Marasmius
iirens
Margeria anthelmintica
Megarrhiza Californica
Melaleuca cajeputi Melampyrum arvense Melianthus cornosus Menianthis trifoliata
MEGARRHIZIN
Mentha pulegiiun Monotropa iiniflora

Morchella esculenla
T.;r
^y^^^^X
aliaceus alcalinus
Myristica fragrans
Nandina domestica Narthecium ossifragum Nepeta calaria Nepeta glechoma Nerium odoratum
Ocyonura viride Ornithogalum thyrsoides Orobanche minor
Oxytropis foetida
Pachyrizus angulatus
Psederia foetida Pannus stypticus Passiflora foetida Paullinia pinnata Pavia glabra Pedicularis palustris
Peganum harmala
Periploca grseca Philadelphus coronarius
Phoradendron flavescens Phyllanthus conami

Physalis Alkekengi
03
Toxic Principles.
Phytolacca decandra Phytophthora infestans

Piper ovatum
WINTER CHERRY VIRGINIAN POKE

POTATO DISEASE
PHYTOLACCINE.
PIPEROVATINE. PITHECOLOBINE.
Pithecolobium
bigemi-
num
Polygonum hydro -piper
Prenos glaber
WATER PEPPER
J A VANE E
Ajowan Punica granatum

Ptychotis
INK WINTER -BERRY PLANT
POMEGRANATE -TREE
PELLITARINE.
Pyrus sorbus
COMMON
TREE
SERVICE-
Rafflesia
Randia aculeata
Rhinanthus crista -gall Rhizophora Mangele
i
WEST-INDIAN
INK-
BERRY YELLOW RATTLE MANGROVE -TREE

C
RHINANTHIN.
ARBUTIN.
Rhododendron
species)
(many
VIOLET HORN -POPPY
J 1
I
ANDROMEDOTOXIN. ERECOLIN.
Rhoemeria hybrida
Ribes depalens Ribes inebrians
INTOXICATING BLACKFCETID
Ribes prostratum Robinia pseud-acacia

foetidus
CURRANT CURRANT WHITE LOCUST-TREE
ROBIN
furcatus Russula-| nitidus
^FUNGI
ruber sanguinea
Sambucus
ebulis
Sambuciis nigra Sanguinaria canadensis Sapindus emarginatus Scabiosa succisa Scleroderma vulgare
Scrophularia aquatica Scrophularia nodosa Sebastiana lucida
Senechis latifolius
DWARF ELDER COMMON ELDER

RED PUCCOON SOAP-BERRY BLUE SCABIOUS
SANGUINARINE.
DARK
PUFF-BALL-
FUNGUS
WATER FIG-WORT
GREAT FIG-WORT WEST-INDIAN POISON-
SCROPHULA[RINE.
WOOD
GROUNDSEL
SENECHIFOLINE.
94

Toxic Principles.
Sequora gigantea
Serjana lethalis
CAIilFORNIAN
BIG-
TREE
BRAZILIAN
Simaruba amara Solanum grandiflorum
FISHPOISON BITTER DAMSOE
BELL -FLOWERED GRANDINIGHTSHADE

FLORINE.
Solanum hirsutum
Solanum lycopersicum Solanum melongera Solanum sodomeum
Stillingia sylvatica
HAIRY
SHADE TOMATO
NIGHT-
EGG-PLANT BLACK-SPINED NIGHT-
SHADE
STILLINGINE.
queen's ROOT
APOCYNIN. ECHUJIN.
Stropanthus gratus
Swaysona Greyana
Symphlocarpus foetidus
STROPANTHUS AUSTRALIAN POISONPEA SKUNK CABBAGE
Tanecetum vulgare Tephorosia toxicaria

Terminalia chebula Thalictrum foetidimi Thapsia foetida Thelephora palmata
TANSY NIGERIAN PLANT
OIL OF TANSY.
INDIGO-
NEGROE's OLIVE-TREE
FCETID MEADOW-RUE DEADLY CARROT
Thesium humifusum
Thevetia neritolia
BASTARD TOADFLAX
EXILE OIL-PLANT
f
THEVETIN. THEVETOXIN.
Thuja occidentalis
Torreya grandis Torreya taxifolia
Toxicocephoela
bilis
AMERICAN VIT^
ARBOR-
STINKING YEW STINKING CEDAR

specta-
WINTER-SWEET
HOTTENTOT ORDEALTREE
goat's -BEARD
I
Toxicocephoela
bergii
Thun-
Tragopogon pratense
Tricholomaj '^?*"f"t ( virgatus
Trichosanthes coulbrina
Urechites suberecta
FUNGI
SERPENT -GOURD
URECHITOXIN.
ALL-HEAL GREAT MULLEIN VERVAIN
OIL OF
Valeriana
officinalis
Verbascum Thapsus Verbena officinalis
[VALERIAN.

Veronica
elliptica
95
Toxic Principles.
Viburnum opulus Viburnum prxinifolium

Vicia faba Vinca (major and minor
17.
SPEEDWELL GUELDER-ROSE AMERICAN BLACK
VIBURNIN.
HAW
STRAIGHT-BEAN PERIWINKLE
Vincitoxicum'lf
.
.,
officinale \
.
^^^
jtame-poison
MISTLETOE
EAST-INDIAN FISHPOISON CHINESE WISTARIA
GUIPSINE.
Viscum album
Walsuria piscida
Wisteria Sinensis
Xanthium Strumarin
{Cari^
SMALL BURDOCK
r
XANTHOSTRUMARIN.
boeum U^Tuq-. wood -tree

linumj
XANTHOXYLINE.
ARTARINE.
The following plants

in
are known to set up Dermatitis venenata certain persons who handle them at certain seasons. Kanngiesser states that one in two hundred, more especially women after forty years of age, is susceptible.
Aconite. Amyris balsamifera. Ai^bor
\dt8e.
Archangel.
Buttercups.
Clematis.
Coffee.
Belladonna.
Bourbon Tea-plant.
Bryony.
Cape Poison-bulb. Celandine. Cinchona. Copaiba. Cowage. Croton. Cubebs.

Daffodil.
East-Indian Headache Tree.

Fig.
Fir.
-
Eucalyptus.
Gooseberry.
Fraxinella.
Goa
powder Tree.
Hyacinth.
Gonioma kamasai.
Green
Hellebore.
Hop.
Indian Chrysanthemum.
Jonquil.
Ivy.
Laportea noroides. Larch. Leopard's -bane. Lily-of-the-Valley. Manchineal. Marjoram. Meadowsweet. Melilot. Myrtle.
Nightshade.
Oleander.
Pastinica urens. Poplar.
T,
Pepper
Cress.
Pine.
Poison Tanghin.
Poppy.
JrTimula:!
/Arenda, Obconica, Chinese Primrose, Cortusa Primrose,

siebold's Primrose, Soft-leaved Prunrose.
Rhodes-Wood.
-p,
Knus:-^
Poison Ivy, Poison Sumach, Varnish.
Red Lac Sumach, Japan
Rue.
Salacin. Sandal- Wood. Sassafras. Satin- Wood. Stropanthus. Squu'ting- Cucumber.
Savin.
Spurge.
Teak.
Tomato.
Vernal Grass.
Virginia-Creeper.
Upas -Tree.
Valerian.
Willow.
Woodruff.
Wound -wort.
96
GLOSSARY
Acuminate.
point.
Tapering
to
long
Drupe.
fruit.
uni- or bi-locular stone-
Acute. Pointed. Alternate (leaves). Placed alternately on either side of stem. Annual. Living for one year. Part of stamen (pollenAnther.
bearing).
EUiptic (leaves).
See Oval.
of
Endocarp.
layer pericarp. Entire. Not lobed or divided. Evergreen (leaves). Persistent.

Follicle.
Innermost
Awn.
Axil.
A terminal bristle. Place of attachment to stem.

A
specialized,
Basidium.
repro-
hiscing suture.
only
unilocular capsule deby the ventral
ductive cell, in Fungi. Berry. A fruit having all layers of pericarp fleshy and succulent. Biennial. Living for two years. Bract. A leaf in whose axil a flower is placed.
Calyx.
Glabrous. Not shining. Gland. A secreting organ. Glaucous. Whitish green.
Glume.
form
of bract.
Herbaceous. Not woody. Hilum. Portion of ovule attached

I
I
Outer whorl of flower. Campanulate. Bell-shaped.
Capsule. A seed-case. Part of pistil of flower. Carpel, Chemotropism. The influence of chemicals on funguscertain hyphse. Chlorophyll. The source of the green colour of plants. Chotomous. Divided. Adhering laterally. Clasping. Cone. Fruit of Conifers. Convolute. One margin rolled inwards towards midrib.
'
to placenta. Covered with stiff hairs. Hispid. Hypothandium. Inflorescence surface hollowed like a pitcher.
Imbricate.
I
Inferior.
Overlapping like Below.
tiles.
Inflated.
Expanded.
Involucre. A form of bract. Involute. Rolled inwards towards midrib.
Cordate (leaves). Heart-shaped, or with rounded lobes at base. Coriaceous (leaves). Dry or leathery. Inner whorl of flower. Corolla.
Corsnnb.
Lanceolate (leaves). Broadest be. low middle, tapering towards apex. Linear (leaves). Very narrow, but
flat.
Lobe.
division
of
corolla
of
flower.
flattened panicle.
Loculus.
Midrib.
cavity.
Cuneate
(leaves).
Wedge-shaped,
Central rib, or nerve. Barren and fertile Monoecious. flowers distinct, but on the same
plant.
tapering towards base. Cyme. Two or more peduncles terminal beneath springing
flower.
Deciduous. Falling when ripe or withered. Dehisce. To split. Dentate (leaves). Outwardly pointing teeth at margin.
Digitate (leaves).
Mucronate
i
(leaves).
With midrib
projecting from apex.
Mycelium. A development of the germinating spores of Fungi, exhibiting Chemotropism.

Nectary,
I
from point
Leaflets radiating of stalk.
Honey-secreting part of
fertile and Barren Dioecious. flowers on separate plants.
flower. (Parasites), situation in the Nidus.
Host.
7
97
98

A
long oval.
Oblong (leaves). Obovate (leaves).
Rhizome.
stem. Root-stock, stem.
form
of
underground
Egg-shaped, with
broadest part at apex. Obtuse (leaves). Blunt at apex. Oval (leaves). Longer than broad, with ends equally rounded off. Ovary. A receptacle for the ovules. Egg-shaped, with Ovate (leaves). broadest part below.
Ovoid.
Pale.
A form of underground
Sagittate (leaves). With acute lobes at base. A peltate hair. Scale.
Scandent.
Climbing.
More or
less oval.
Segment.
chaS-like bract.
(leaves).
Palmate
lobes.
With
finger-like
division. division of the calyx of Sepal. flower. Serrate (leaves). Saw-like teeth at
A compound raceme. Panicle. Papilionaceous. Butterfly-like. A persistent, growing Pappus. calyx. Pedate (leaves). Divided into three branches; outer into leaflets at inner margin. Flower-stalk. Pedicel. Peduncle. Common stalk of inflorescence.
margin. Placed directly on stem. With broad, Sinuate (leaves). shallow, rounded indentations at margin. Spadix. A spike surrounded by a
Sessile.
spathe. Spathe. A form of bract. Spike. A simple peduncle. Spinous. Furnished with thorns or
prickles.
Peltate
(leaves).
With
stalk
at-
Spore.
cell.
non-sexual reproductive
tached to under side. Pendent. Hanging. Perennial. Living for several years.
Perianth. Pericarp.
Floral envelope.
falling. Persistent. division of corolla of Petal. flower. Leaf-stalk. Petiole. cap-shaped FructificaPileus. tion. Composed of a Pinnate (leaves). row of leaflets either side of stalk, Pinnately lobed. Pinnatifid. Reproductive part of flower. Pistil. fertilizing body found in Pollen.
Rind Not
of fruit.
Accessory reproductive part of flower. Uppermost petal of Standard. papilionaceous flower. fruit, Flower, and leafStem. bearing part. Stigma. Part of pistil of flower.
Stamen.
leaf -like appendage. Stipule. Lined. Striate. Part of pistil of flower. Style. Subulate (leaves). Awl-shaped; as
j
thick as broad. Superior. Above. seam on the ovary. Suture.
the Anther.
Temate.
Three
leaflets
from apex
Procumbent.
ground. Pubescent.
Lying
mostly
on
of petiole.
Downy.
Covering of ovule. Testa. plant constructed Thalloph3rte. of cells only.
Raceme. A stalked flower-spike. Rachis. Axis of inflorescence. Radical. Springing from root. Raphe. Connection between seed and placenta.
Reniform.
Reticulate.
Thjrrse.
A much-branched, pyramidal panicle. Tuber. A form of underground

stem.
Kidney-shaped.
Net-veined. Margins rolled Revolute (leaves). back.
stem terminating in numerous, stalked flowers. Undulate. Waved.

Umbel,
Whorled,
Arranged
in a circle.
Library
.'->*
-^
INDEX
Aaron, 56
Absinth, 10
Achorion Schonbeinii, 83 Acid Absinthic, 10 Chrysophanic, 55 ,, Crotonoleic, 37 Equisteic, 89 ,, Euodic, 19 Filicic, 88 Formic, 28, 46 Helvellic, 90 Prussic, 20, 21, 87 Rheonilic, 80 ,, Sphacalinic, 84 ,, Acne vulgaris, 85 Aconite, 22
Aconitine, 22-24
Agaricine, 40 Agaricus arvensis, 42 campestris, 42 ,,

,, ,, ,,
,, ,, ,,
crustiliniformis, 42 epiterygius, 40
fastibilis
42
lividus, 41-42
muscarius, 40 pantherinus, 40
phalloides, 40
,,
,,
purus, 40
Agrapanthus umbellatus, 30 Agraphis nutans, 61
Agrostemma
githago, 70
Aconitum arctophonum, 22
,,
cammarum, 22
ferox, 22
,, ,,
,, ,,
,, ,,
lagactonum, 22 lycoctonum, 22 meloctonum, 22 myoctonum, 22 napellus, 22 vulparia, 22
Akargine, 14 Alexander's foot, 71 Aloe Barbadensis, 33 ferox, 33 ,, socotrina, 33 ,, Aloin, 33 Alstonine, 87

Amaryllidacece, 58, 60, 61
American mandrake, 38
,,
may-apple, 38
Amygdalin, 20
Anacardiacece, 81
Acorin, 87
Acrid Juices,
xii, 28, 34, 52, 53, 56. 57, 61, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 75, 76
Anacylus pyrethrum, 71 Anamirta paniculata, 8
Ananbeam, 74
Andira araroba, 55
Andirin, 87
Acrid Milks, 26, 35, 37, 41, 46, 47,

48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 70, 75, 81 Actea spicata, 24
Actinomycosis, 83 Adam and Eve, 56 Adamstonine, 87 Adder's meat, 56 Adonidin, 22 Adonis ammensis, 22 cupana, 22 ,, vernalis, 22 ,, ^sculin, 87 iEsculus hipposcastaneum, 71, 87 iEthusa cynapium, 45 fatua, 45 ,, Affadil, 60 AgaricincB, 40-42
Andromedotoxin, 93 Anemone Apennina, 63

coronaria, 64 hortensis, 64 nemorosa, 63 ,, Pulsatilla, 64 ,, Anemonin, 63, 64, 66
,,
,,
Angallis arvensis, 71 Angraecum fragrans. 80 Anna-Maria hyacinth, 61
Anthoxanthum odoratum, 80 Anthrax, 85 Anthurium candidum, 57 divaricatum, 57 ,, dracontium, 67 ,,

99
100

,,
,,
Anthurium dracunculus, 57
Ferrierense, 56 Italicum, 57 macroi'ihizon, 57
crocus, 32 grace, 19 Averil, 60
Autumn
Ave
,,
Antiarin, 28 Antiaris toxicaria, 26 Antsjar, 26 Apennine wind-flower, 63 ApocynacecB, 25, 26
Bacillacece, 85, 86
Bacillary dysentery, 85 Bacillus acnes, 85 anthracis, 85 ,, botulinus, 85 ,,

coli,
Apocjniamarin, 88 Apocynin, 88, 94 Apple Peru, 2 Aquilegia vulgaris, 68 AracecB, 56, 57
85
,,
,,
diphtheralis, 85 dysenterise, 85 Frischii, 85
Araroba-powder
Arbutin, 93
Arecoline, 88 Arictine, 88
tree,
55
Aristolochiacece, 70 Aristoloctin, 88 Armeniaca vulgaris, 21

citri, 40 Arnica montana, 71
Armillaria
Arnicin, 71 Arrow poison, 11

,,
root, 56
Artarine, 94
Artemesia absinthum, 10
lercheana, 9 maritima, 9 pauciflora, 9 ,, Artemesin, 9 Arum atrorubens, 56 crinitum, 56 ,,
,,
,,
influenza}, 85 lactomorbi, 85 leprae, 85 ,, mallei, 85 ,, oedematus maligni, 86 ,, pertussis, 86 ,, pestis, 86 ,, pneumonise, 86 ,, proteus, 86 ,, pyocyaneus, 86 ,, strepticus, 85 ,, tetani, 85 ,, tuberculosis, 85 ,, typhi, 86 typhosus, 86 ,, Bacteria, 85
,, ,,
Bahia-powder
Bale wort,
1
tree,
55
Balsaminacece, 72 Bane berry, 24 wort, 5 ,,
maculatum, 56 ,, Asagrsea officinalis, 32 Asarabacca, 70 Asarin, 70 Asarum Canadensis, 70 Europseum, 70 ,, Asclepiadin, 88 Asclepias asthmatica, 20 Aspergillus barbae, 84 flavus, 84 ,, fumigatus, 84 ,, niger, 84 ,, Asperula odorata, 80 Aspidosperma quebracho, 25 Ass's parsley, 45 Asthenics, 20-32 Asthma weed, 17 A-toxin, 40 Atropa belladonna, 5 Atropine, 2 Aural Mycosis, 84
Banner plant, 56
Baptisia tinctoria, 55
Bar foot, 39 Bastard hellebore, 38

,,
nigella, 70
trefoil,
Bean
55
Bearded toadstool, 41
Bear's foot, 22, 38, 39 Belder root, 43
Bell rose, 60
Belladonna, 5 Ben dock, 43 Berberine, 88 Bertram, 71
Bhang, 8 Bignonia sempervirens, 15

Bindwith, 62 Bish poison, 22
Biting clematis, 62 stonecrop, 75 ,, Bitter almond, 21
INDEX
Bitter apple, 68 -sweet, 5 ,,
101
Buxus aurea, 52
,, ,, ,, ,, ,,
myrtifolia, 52
Black bryony, 74
cherry, 5 hellebore, 39 nightshade, 5 ,, Blastomycetes, 83 Blind eyes, 1 Blister plant, 66
,,
pyramidata, 52
rosmarinifolia. 52 rotundifolia, 52
,,
sempervirens, 52 suffruticosa, 52
Bloody
,,
finger,
29
finger,
man's
56
Blue anemone, 63 -bells of England, 61 ,,

,, ,,
-bottle, 61
seggin, 78 Boar's foot, 38
Cabaret, 70 Calabar bean, 17 Calabarine, 19 Calamine, 87 Caltha palustris, 37 Calves' foot, 56 Cambogin, 34
Cameraria
latifolia,
52
Bobbing Joan, 56
Bobbins, 56 Boldin, 88 Boletus bovinus, 41 luridus, 41 ,, piperatus, 41 ,, satanas, 41 ,, Boots, 37 Boraginacece, 72 Botulism, 85 Boule de neige, 42 Bouncing Bet, 70 Box tree, 52 Branching larkspur, 25 Broad-leaved flag iris, 78
,,
Camphor
tree, 6
Cancer, 85
Candlemas bells, 61 Canker rose, 1

Cannabince, 8
Cannabis Sativa, 8
Cantharellus aurantiacus, 40 Cape lead- wort, 80 Caper bush, 51 spurge, 51 ,, Caprifoliacece, 72 Cardol, 87 Carnation poppy, 1 Carolina jasmine, 15 pink, 15 ,, Carpaine, 88 Carpo7nycetes, 84 Caryophyllacece, 70 Casca Bark, 34 Cassava, 53 Castor bean, 37 oil plant, 37 ,, Cat milk, 47 ,, wood, 74 Catarrh, 85 Celandine, 75 Celastracecp, 74 Celery-leaved crowfoot, 66 Cerbera tanghin, 26 Cerberin, 26 Cerebro-spinal Meningitis, 85 Cevadilla, 32 Cevadine, 32 Chalice flower, 60 Champillion, 42
warted spurge, 48
Broom, 17
Brucine, 11, 12, 14 Bryonia dioica, 68 Bryonin, 68 Buckthorn, 74 Bulbous crowfoot, 67
,, ,,
mushroom,
violet, 61
41, 42
Bulls
and cows, 56 Bui rose, 60 Bundled toadstool, 41 Bunt Fungus, 84 Buphanine, 88
Butter daisy, 66, 67 and eggs, 29 Buttercup, 66, 67 Buttered haycocks, 29 Button, 42 Buxidine, 52 Buxine, 52 Buxus angustifolia, 52 arborescens, 52 ,, argentea, 52 ,,
Cheeseroom, 42
Chelerythrine, 75 Chelidonine, 75 Chelidonium grandiflorum, 75
102

Corn flower, poppy,
,,
Chelidonium majus, 75 Chequered daffodil, 62

lily,
1
1
62
rose, 1
Cherry bay, 20 Chiancin, 88 Chloroxylonine, 88 Choline, 53 Chop nut, 1

Christmas rose, 39 Christ's- wort, 39 Chrysarobin, 55, 80 Churn staff, 47 Cicuta maculata, 45 virosa, 45 ,,
Cieutine, 45
Coronilline, 89
Coumarin, 80 Country pepper, 75 Countryman' s treacle, 19 Cow bane, 45 Crake feet, 61

CrassulacecB, 75, 76 Creeping Jack, 75 Crinum Asiaticum, 30 Crocin, 76 Crocus luteus, 76 sativus, 76 ,, Croton oil plant, 35 tiglium, 35 ,, variegatum, 37 ,, verreauxii, 37 ,,
Claviceps purpurea, 84 Clematine, 62, 63 Clematis florida, 63 hy brides, 63 rubroviolacea, 62 ,,

vitalba, 62 Coca bush, 6 Cocaine, 6 Goccacece, 85 Cocculus Indicus, 8 Cock foot, 75
,,
,,
Crow
bells, 60,
fig,
61
11 flower, 66, 67 foot, 66 leek, 61
soap, 70
rose, 1
Cuckoo pint, 56 Cucumis colocynthis, 68

Cucurbitacece, 33, 68
Codeine, 1 Colchicme, 32 Colchicum autumnale, 32 speciosum, 32 Colocynth, 68 Colocynthin, 68 Columbine, 68

Compositce, 71 Coniceine, 16
Coniferce, 45, 46
Culverkeys, 61 Curare, 11
Curari, 11 Curarine, 8, 12 Cuscutin, 89 Cusperine, 90
Cyclamin, 87, 89 Cynapine, 45

Cynoglossine, 72, 87, 89
Conine, 16
Cynoglossum
16
Conium maculatum,
officinale,
72
Consolidine, 72, 87, 89
Conval lily, 30 Convallamarin, 30 Convallaria japonica, 30 majalis, 30 ,, Convallarin, 30 Convolvulacece, 35 Convolvulin, 35 Convolvulus orizabiensis, 35 scammonia, 35 ,,
Convulsives, 11-15
Cystisine, 55 Cystisus alpinus, 55 hirsutus, 55 ,,

,, ,,
laburnum, 55
scoparius, 17
Czar-Peter hyacinth, 61
Daffidowndilly, 60
Daphne
alpina, 58
Cop
rose, 1
Copper rose, 1 Copse laurel, 57

Coriamyrtin, 89 Corn cockle, 70
gnidum, 58 laureola, 57 ,, mezerium, 57 ,, Darkmous, 46 Darnel-grass Fungus, 83 Datura alba, 2

,, ,,
arborea, 2 ceratocaula, 2
INDEX
Datura fastuosa, 2
,,
103
ferox, 2
Dorinicum pardalianches, 71 Double dafEodil, 60
,,
Metel, 2
Downy
29
spurge, 47
stramonium, 2
tatula, 2
bells,
,,
Dragon bushes, 29 Drooping tulip, 62

DroseracecB, 76
Dead mens'
,,
tongue, 43 Deadly nightshade, 5 Delicately-tinted iris, 78 Deliriants, 2-5 Delphinine, 24, 25 Delphinium belladonna, 25 bicolor, 25 ,, cheilanthum, 25 ,,
,, ,, ,, ,,
Drumine, 89 Dryobalanops aromatica, 6 camphora, 6 ,, Duboisa myoporoides, 2 Dwale, 6
Dwarf bay, 57
,, ,,
6 spurge, 50
flax,
consolidata, 25
Dway
,,
berries,
elatum, 25
staphisagria, 24
trollifolium,
Early bulbous
25
Delphinoidine, 24, 25 Delphisine, 24, 25 Depressants, 16-20
iris, 78 spring squill, 30 East Indian snake- wood, 14 Ecballium elaterium, 83 Echujin, 94
Dergmuse, 46 Dermatitis venenata, 96 Devil's apple, 2, 4 fungus, 41 ,, horn, 41 ,, trumpet, 2 ,, turnip, 68 ,, Dewtry, 2 Dhobi Itch, 83 Dianthus caryophyllus, 71
,,
,,
Edible mushroom, 42 Eggs and bacon, 29 Elaterin, 34
Emetic toadstool, 41
weed, 17 ,, Emetine, 20
Emphysematous gangrene, 86 Endodermophyton concentricum, 83

,,
Indicum, 83
cruris, 83
Enteritis, 85
Ghienensis, 71 plumarius, 71
Epidermophyton
,,
inguinale, 83
Digitalin, 29 Digitalis lutea, 29

,,
purpurea, 29
Digitoxin, 29 Dionoea, muscipula 76

Dioscoriacece, 74
Dioscorine, 89 Diphtheria, 85
Diplococcus catarrhalis, 85 gonorrhoese, 85 ,, lanceolatus, 85 ,, meningitidis, 85 ,,

Dipterocarpacece, 6 Dipteryx odorata, 80
rubrum, 83 ,, Eranthis hymenalis, 24 Erecolin, 93 Ergot-of-rye Fungus, 84 Ergotism, 84 Ergotoxine, 84 Erysimum cheiranthoides, 72 Erysipelas, 85 Erysiphe Tuckeri, 83 ErysiphecB, 83 Erythrasma, 83 Erythrine, 92 Erythrophleum Guineense, 19, 34
Erythrophloeine, 19
Djuntsa, 79 Dog-bane, 25 ,, -wood, 74, 81 Dog's leek, 61 mercury, 53 ,, parsley, 45 ,, tongue, 72 ,, Dolphin flower, 25
Erythroxylum
Eserine, 19
coca, 6
Euonymin, 74
Euonymus
,,
atropurpurcus, 74 Europasus, 74 Eupatorium {species), 80 Euphorbia amygdaloides, 51
cyparissias, 51
104

plant, 46 helioscopia, 47 hiberra, 48
lathyris, 51 myrtifolia, 51
oil plant, 51 paralias, 50 peplis, 47
Euphorbia exigua, 50
gum
Frangulin, 75
French
berries, 74 dafiodil, 60
Friar's cap, 22 cowl, 56 ,, Fritillaria imperialis, 62 meleagris, 62 ,,

Fritillary, 62
Fuller's herb, 70
peplus, 50
pilosa,
Fumariacece, 72
47
Fumarine, 72
Fu7igi, 40, 41, 42 Micro-, 83, 84 ,,
platyphylla, 48 Portlandica, 48
resinifera,
46
Fusisporium
,, ,,
EuphorhiacecB, 35, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48,

50, 51, 52, 53 Euphorbin, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51
lolii, 83 roseolum, 83 solani, 83
Excaecaria agallocha, 52 Exoascus pruni, 84 Exogonium purga, 35
Gaboon arrow-poison, 25
Galanthus
Gall
nivalis, 61
and wormwood, 29
Fagrsea lanceolata, 14 Fair maids of Februarv, 61 Fairy fingers, 29
-wort, 29
Gamboge tree, 34 Garcinia cambogia, 34 Garden anemone, 64

,,
flax, 6
lint,
cypress, 9
6 False ebony, 55
,,
parsley, 45 upas tree, 12
yellow jasmine, 15 ,, Favus, 83 Felon wood, 5 -wort, 5 ,,

>> mortal, 5 , Ficus daemona, 28 Roxburghii, 28 ,, toxicaria, 28 ,, Fimble, 8 Finger flower, 29 Fish-poison tree, 9 Flamingo plant, 56 Flap dock. 29 Flaps, 42 Flax-leaved daphne, 58 weed, 29 Fleur de luce, 78 Florentine iris, 78
nightshade, 5 paeony, 67 ,, ranunculus, 67 ,, Gasteromycetes, 41 Gelseminine, 15 Gelsemin, 15 Gelsemium nitidum, 15 German flag-iris, 78 Gipsy flower, 72
Gitalin,
29
Githagin, 84 Glader, 78 Gladin, 78 Glanders, 85 Glaucine, 75
Glaucium luteum, 75
Gleditischine, 90 Glucosides, xi, xii
Glutinous Fungus, 41
Fly agaric, 40
,, catcher, 76 FcEtid wood witch, 41 Fog crocus, 32 Fool's cicely, 45
Goa-powder tree, 55 Gold dust, 75 Golden chain, 55

moss, 75 55 Goldilocks, 64 Goldins, 37 Golds, 37
,, ,,
rain,
parsley, 45 ,, Four-leaved grass, 53 Foxglove, 29
Gomphidius glutinosus, 41
I
Gonorrhoea, 85 Gosophila struthian, 71
INDEX
Grandiflorine, 94 Grape-wort, 24, 68 Gratiola officinalis, 29 Gratiolin, 29 Great morel, 5 Green hellebore, 38 potato-poison, 85 ,,
j
!
105
Hyacinthus Romanus, 61 Hyeenanchin, 90 Hydrastine, 90
Hygrophorus
psittacinus, 41
Guiacum, 90 Guinea-hen flower, 62 Guipsiae, 95 Guttiferce, 34 Gymnocladine, 90
Hymenomycetes, 40-42 Hyoscine, 25 Hyoscyamine, 2
Hyoscyamus
,,
,,
albus, 2
muticus, 2
niger, 2
fasciculariis,
Hyphoioma
41
Hairy spurge, 47
Hare
bell,
61
Haricot du Cap, 21 Harmaline, 92 Hart's thorn, 74 Hazel-wort, 70
Hyphomycetes, 83, 84 Hypo, 26 Hypocracece, 84 Hyssop spurge, 47
Headache, 1 He-broom, 55
Hederin, 90
Impatiens noli-me-tangere, 72 ImperiaUne, 62 Incine, 26 Indian aconite, 22
Hedge hyssop, 29 mushroom, 42 ,,

pink, 70
vine, 62
hem J), 8 pink, 15 tobacco, 17 ,, Inebriants, 8-10 Influenza, 85 Inulin, 71

,,
,,
.
Heliotropine, 90 Helleborin, 37, 38, 39
Helleborus fcetidus, 39 niger, 39 ,, orientalis, 39 ,, viridis, 38 ,, Helmet flower, 22 Hemispora stellata, 83 Hemisporosis, 83 Hemlock, 16 dropwort, 43 ,,
Ipecacuanha, 20 Ipomea purga, 35 purpurea, 35 ,, turpethum, 35 ,, Irby Dale grass, 47 Iridacece, 76, 78, 79
Iridin, 78, 79
Hemp,
Henbane, 2
Hen-bell, 2
Herb Christopher, 24
,,
,,
mercury, 53
of grace, 19 of repentance, 19 Paris, 53
amoena, 78 Florentina, 78 foetidissima, 78 ,, neglecta, 78 ,, pseudacorus, 78 ,, reticulata, 78 ,, tuberosa, 79 ,, variegata, 78 ,, Irish spurge, 48
Iris
,,
Irritants with
Nerve Symptoms, 40-
,,
55
Simple, 55-81 Specific, 83-86
51
Isle of
Hibbert bean, 21
Hippomane manchinella, Hongkong Foot, 83

Horse bane, 43 mushroom, 42 ,, toadstool, 40 Hound's berry, 5
Wight
vine, 68, 74
Hot
Jaborandi, 19 Jack in a pulpit. 56 of the buttery, 75 ,,
Jackman's clematis, 13
Jacob's sword, 78
,,
tongue, 72
,,
Hyacinthus non
scriptus, 61 orientalis, 61
Jalap plant, 35 Jalapin, 35
106

Linacem, 6 Linaria vulgaris, 29 Linarin, 29
Lininarin, 6
Jamaica dogwood, 9
Jamestown weed, 2
Jatropa curcas, 52
,,
,, ,,
gossypiifolia, 53
manihot, 53 urens, 52
Linum catharticum,
Liricon fancy, 30 Little good, 47
Java bean, 21 Jervine, 32, 37, 38, 39 Joan

silverpin, 1 Juniperus sabinEe,
Lobar pneumonia, 86
Lobelia inflata, 17 urens, 17 ,, Loheliacece, 17 Lobeline, 17 Loganiacece, 11-15
Loliine, 91
45
Kachita, 11
Kamala, 38 Kamela, 38
Kentish balsam, 53 King's consound, 25 Knight's spur, 25 Kombe, 25 Kurakin, 89
Lophorine, 87
Laburnum, 55
Lactarius f uliginosus, 41
,, ,,
Lords and Ladies, 56 Loturidine, 74 Lotus Arabicus, 21 Louse berry tree, 74 -wort, 24 Luckie's mutch, 22 Lung- wort, 71
Lupinotoxin, 92 Lurid fungus, 41 Lusmore, 29 Lyng-wort, 32
,,
piperatus, 40 pyrogalus, 41 rufus, 41
torminosus, 41 ,, Lactucin, 91 Ladies' bower, 62 seal, 74 Lamb in a pulpit, 56
Landry' s Paralysis, 85 Lang -wort, 32

Large-flowered clematis, 63 Lathyrus aphaca, 21 cicera, 21 ,, clymenum, 21 ,, Laurel, 20 Laurotetanine, 88 Laurus nobilis, 21
Ledum palustre, 6 Legiiminosece, 9, 17, 21, 34, 55, 80

Lent
,,
60 60 Leprosy, 85 Lesser celandine, 66 hemlock, 45 ,, Ligustrin, 70 Ligustron, 70

lily,
rose,
Ligustrum Sinense, 70
vulgare, 70 ,, LUiacece, 30, 32, 33, 61, 62 Lily grass, 56 of the Nile, 56 of the valley, 30 ,,
Lima kidney bean, 21
Macrosporium tomato, 83 Maiden's honesty, 62 Makin-bwee, 48 Makinboy, 48 Malay arrow-jôison, 26 Malignant endocarditis, 85 Mallotoxin, 38 Mallotus Philippinensis, 38 Malta Fever, 85 Manchineal tree, 51 Mandioc plant, 53 Mandragora officinalis, 4 vernalis, 4 ,, Mandragorine, 4 Mandrake, 4, 56, 68, 74 Marsh marigold, 37 pile- wort, 66 ,, May blobs, 37 Uly, 30 Meadow bout, 37 bright, 37 crocus, 32 ,, go wan, 37 ,, ranunculus, 66 ,, safEron, 32 ,, Medicinal leopard' s-bane, 7 mandrake, 4 ,, rhubarb, 79 ,,
INDEX
Medicinal
squill,
107
30
Megalosporon ectothrix, 83
,, endothrix, 83 Megarrhizatin, 92 Megarrhizin, 92 Melilotus {species), 80 Menianthin, 92 Menispermacece, 8 Menispermum cocculus, 8 Mercurialine, 53 Mercurialis perennis, 53 Mescaline, 87 Mezerein, 57, 58
Narcissus moschatus, 58 poeticus, 58 ,, polyanthus, 60 ,, pscudonarcissus, 60 ,, tazetta, 60 ,, Narcotics, 1 Narthecin, 92 Naughty man's cherry, 5
Nepaul aconite, 22 Nepenthes {specie-s), 76

oleander, 25 Neriodorein, 92 Neriodorin, 92
Nettle, 28 Neutral Principles, xii Nicandra lanceolata, 14 Nicotiana repanda, 16 rustica, 16 ,, tabacum, 16 ,, Nicotine, 16 Nightingales, 56
Nereum
Mezereon, 57
Michaelmas crocus, 32
Micrococcus Meletensis, 85 neoformans, 85 5, solaniferum, 85 ,,
,,
,
tetragenes, 85
thecalis,
85 zymogenes, 85 Microsporon Audouini, 83 furfur, 83 minutissimum, 83 ,, Mildew, 84 Milk sickness, 85 Mill mountain, 6
,.
Nodding mycena, 40 Nux vomica tree. 1

CEnanthe crocata, 43 fistulosa, 43 ,, fluviatillis, 43
phellandrium, 43 ,, (Enanthin, 43 Oidiomycosis, 83 Oidium albicans, 83 dermatitidis, 83 ,, para-tropicalis, 83 ,, tropicalis, 83 ,, Oil of anemone, 63, 64 of baneberry, 24 ,, of bay, 70 of Borneol, 6 ,, of Cardol, 87 of cedar, 91 ,,
,,
Mole plant, 51 Momordica elaterium, 33

Monesin, 89 Monilia psilosis, 83 Monk's cowl, 22 hood, 22 ,, Morning glory, 35 Morphine, 1 Mottled amanita, 40
Mountain alkanet, 71
,,
tobacco, 71
Muawine, 19 Mucor mucedo, 84

Mucorinece, 84 Mugget, 30 Murrain berries, Muscarine, 40
,,
68, 74
,,
,,
snowball, 42 Musk- scented daffodil, 58 Mycetoma, 83

Myristicin, 92 Myrtle spurge, 51 Mysterious plant, 57
Mushroom
,,
,,
,,
,,
,, ,,
,,
Naked
ladies,
32
,,
Nandinine, 92
Narcissine, 30, 58, 60, 61 Narcissus Johnstonii, 60
,,
,,
,,
of cicuta, 45 of Crotonol, 37 of euphorbia, 51, 52, 53 of hemp, 8 of hound's tongue, 72 of Jequiritol, 87 of pennyroyal, 90 of plumbago, 80 of rue, 19 of savin, 45 of tansy, 94 of toxicodendrol, 81 of valerian, 94 of wintergreen, 90 of yew, 46
108

Phyllanthin, 92 Physic-nut, 52
Old man, 62 man's beard, 62 ,,

,,
woman, 10
Physostigma venenosum, 17
Phytolaccine, 93
OleaceoR, 70
Oleander, 25 Oleandrine, 25
Phytophthora infestans, 84
Picrotoxin, 8 Pig wood, 74 Piliganine, 92 Pilocarpine, 19 Pilocarpus pennatifolius, 19 Pimenta acris, 70 Pinguicula {species), 76 Piperovatine, 93 Piscidia carthaginensis, 9 erythrina, 9 ,, Piscidine, 9 Pithecolobine, 93
Pityriasis versicolor, 83 Pityrosporium cantliei, 83 Plague, 86 Pleuropneumonia, 85 Pleurotus pulmonarius, 41 Plum Disease, 84 Plumbagin, 80 Plumbaginacece, 80 Plumbago Capensis, 80 coccinea, 80 Europsea, 80 larpentse, 80 rosea, 80 scandens, 80 Podophyllin plant, 38 Podophyllotoxin, 38 Podophyllum emodi, 38 peltatum, 38 ,, Poet's daffodil, 58 Pohon upas, 26 Pois d'Achery, 21 Poison ash, 81
,,
,, ,, ,,
One
berry, 53
Oomycetes, 84
Open gowan, 37 Opium poppy, 1

Ordeal Bark, 34 tree, 26 ,, Organic Acids, xii Oriental hyacinth, 61
Oris root plant, 78
Ouabain, 87
Ox
.,
berry, 74 eye, 22
heel,
,,
39
mushroom, 42
officinalis,
Pseonia
67
Palm, 46
Palma-Christi, 37 Palmate-leaved rhubarb, 79 PalmellacecB, 83
Papaver floreplenum,
,,
,, ,.
nigrum,
rhaeas. 1
somniferum,
Pavaveracece, 1, 75 Paris quadrifolia, 53 Paristyphnin, 53 Pellagra, 84 Pellitarine, 93

Pellitory, 71 Pellotine, 87
Pemphigus, 86 Pencilium glaucum, 84 Peony poppy, 1 Pepjoery Fungus, 41 Periplocin, 92 Perisporiacece, 84 Peronosporece, 84
Persica vulgaris, 21 Petty morel, 5 spurge, 50 ,, Phalline, 40 Phalloidece, 41 Phallus impudicus, 41 Phaseolus lunatus, 21 Phaseoluvatin, 21
elder, 81 ivy, 81 nut, 11
,,
sumach, 81 tanghin, 26
Poisonous chantarella, 40
Phellandrium aquaticum, 43 Philodendron Simsii, 57 Phycomycetes, 84
mushroom, 41, 42 ,, Poisons acting on Brain, 1-10 on Heart, 16-32 on Spinal Cord, 11-15 ,, ,, Pokroe, 12 Polyanthus narcissus, 60 Polygala amara, 79 senega, 79 ,, Polygalacece, 79 Polygalin, 79
INDEX
Polygonacece, 79 Polyporece, 41 Poor man's herb, 29
109
bulbosus, 67
Ranunculus auricormis, 64
,,
Poppy anemone, 64
,,
wind
flower, 64
Porphryrine, 87 Portland sago, 56 spurge, 48 ,, starch root, 56 ,, Potalia lanceolata, 14 Potato Blight, 83, 84 tree, 4 ,, Pratellce, 41 Prick wood, 74 Prim, 70 print, 70 Privet, 70 Prunus amara, 21 Americana, 21 ,, avium, 21 ,, claudiana, 21 ,, domestica, 21 ,, msitia, 21 ,, laurocerasus, 20 ,, Lusitanica, 21 ,, padus, 21 ,, serotina, 21 ,, spinosa, 21 ,, Pseudaconitine, 22 Psychotria ipecacuanha, 20 Ptomaine-Poison, 85, 86 Puccinia coronata, 84 graminis, 84 ,, Pukateine, 91
ficaria, 66 flammula, 64 scelleratus, 66 Red- berried bryony, 68 -milked toadstool, 41 ,, ,, weed, 1

,,
Resins, xii Rhseadin, 1
Ehamnaceoe, 74
Rhamnus
,, ,,
catharticus, 74 frangula, 75
Rheum
,,
,,
,,
purshianus, 75 Australe, 80
compactum, 80 palmatum, 79 undulatum, 80
Rhinanthin, 92, 93
Rhine berry, 74
thorn, 74 ,, Rhinoscleroma, 85
Rhus
,,
,,
,, ,, ,,
arborea, 81
caustica, 81
coriaria, 81
diversiloba, 81
metopium, 81
radicans, 81 toxicodendron, 81 venenata, 81
,,
,, ,,
vernix, 81
Pure mycena, 40
Purgatives, 33-39 Purging flax, 6 Purification flower, 61 Purple clematis, 62
,, ,,
crocus, 32 spurge, 47
Pysemia, 85 Pyrenomycetes, 84
of Spain daffodil, 60 Quillaja saponaria, 71
Richardia Africana, 56 hastata, 56 ,, maculata, 56 ,, Ricin, 37 Ricinone, 37 Ricinus communis, 37 sanguineus, 37 ,, Ringworm, 83 River water dropwort, 43 Roast-beef plant, 78 Robin, 93 Roman nettle, 28
Eosacece, 20, 21
Queen
Rosaginin, 25 Rose bay, 25
Rosmarindus
officinalis,
Racoon berry, 38 Rain berry, 74

Ramsted, 29 Banunculacece, 22, 24, 25, 37, 38, 39, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68 Ranunculus acris, 66 Asiaticus, 67
Rottlera tinctoria, 38 Rubiacece, 20 Rue, 19 Rufous toadstool. 41 Run-away-Jack, 75 Russula emetica, 41 Rutacece, 19 Ruta graveolens, 19
110

Smoke wood, 62 Smut Fungus, 84
Snake's lieâd, 62 Snowberry, 72 Snowdrop, 61 Soapwort, 70
gentian, 70 ,, Socatrine aloes tree, 33 Solanacece, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16 Solanine, 4, 5 Solanum Bahamense, 4 Carolinense, 4 ,, crispum, 4 ,, dulcamara, 5 ,,
Sabadilla veratrina, 32 Saffron crocus, 76 plant, 76 ,, Sanguinarine, 93 Santonin, 9
Saphora speciosa, 55 tomentosa, 55 ,, Sapindus emarginatus, 70

,,
saponaria, 70
Saponaria officinalis, 70 Saporubin, 70 Sapotoxine, 90 Sarracena {species), 76 Sassy Bark, 34 Savin, 45 Scammony, 35 Schizomycetes, 85, 86 Schoenocaulon officinale, 32 Scilla amoena, 30 autumnalis, 30 ,, bifolia, 30 brachyphylla, 30 ,, campanulata, 30 ,, corymbosa, 30 ,, Fraseri, 30 ,, Indica, 30 ,, lilio-hyacinthus, 30 ,, patula, 30 ,, Peruviana, 30 ,, Siberica, 30 ,, taurica, 30 ,, verna, 30 ,, Scillipiain, 30 Scillitoxin, 30 Scopala atrapoides, 4 japonica, 4 ,,
verbascifolium, 4 ,, ScrophulariacecB, 29
Lycopersicum, 4 nigrum, 5 tuberosum, 4 ,, Soldier's cap, 22

,, ,,
Solitary toadstool, 41
South-sea rose, 25 Spadic-bush, 6

Sparteine, 17 Spigelia Marilandica, 15 Spigeline, 15
Spindle tree, 74
Sporothricosis, 83 Sporothrix Schenkii, 83
Sprue, 83
Spurge
,,
flax, 57, 58 laurel, 57
.,
nettle, 52 olive, 57
Squirting cucumber, 33
St.
Anthony's turnip, 67
St. Ignatius' s bean, 12 St. Peter's- wort, 72
Scrophularine, 93 Sea onion, 30 poppy, 75 spurge, 50 ,, wormwood, 9 ,, Sedum acre, 75 album, 76 rhodola, 76 ,,
Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, 85 aureus, 85 ,, ,, Stavesacre, 24 Stillingine, 94

Stink-horn, 41 -weed, 2 ,, Stinking amanita, 40 gladwin, 78 ,,
hellebore, 39
iris, 78 polecat fungus, 41 Stonecrop, 75 Streptococcus pyogenes, 85 Streptothrix actinomycetes, 83 asteroides, 83 ,, madurae, 83 ,, Strophanthin, 26
,,
,,
I I
Seneca snake root, 79 Senechifoline, 93 Septicaemia, 85 Setter wort, 39 Shara-moto, 79

Silky toadstool. 41 Skewer wood, 74 Small spear-wort, 64 Smilacin, 71
Strophanthus hispidus, 25
Strychnine, 11, 12, 14
INDEX
Strychnos castaineei, 12
,,
,,
111
colubrina, 14
Ignatii, 12 ligustrina, 14
Trigonella foenum graecum, 8

Trigonelline, 8
., ,, ,, ,,
,,
11 tieute, 12 toxifera, 11 triplinerva, 12
nux vomica,
Tropical Seborrha?a, 83 True love, 53
Trumpet
lily,
56
Sugar bean, 21 Sun spurge, 47 Swamp sumach, 81

Sycosis, 84
Tshettik, 12 Tuberculosis, 85 Turban ranunculus, 67 Turkey rhubarb, 79 Turk's cap, 22 Tutin, 89
Symphoricarpos microphyllus, 74 montana, 74 ,,

,,
Two-leaved squill, 30 Typhoid fever, 86
Typhus
fever, 86
occidentalis, 74
,,
,,
racemosus, 72 vulgaris, 74
Ulcus mollis, 85 Ulex Europseus, 55
Syringin, 70
Tail plant, 56
Upas
Takelan Ringworm, 83 Tamus communis, 74 Tanghinea venenifera, 26 Tanghinin. 26
Tapioca, 53 tricholome, 40 Taxine, 46 Taxus Ibaccata, 46 Temuline, 91 Tetanus, 85 Tetter berry, 68 -wort, 75 Thebaine, 1 Thevetin, 94 Thevetoxin, 94 Thorn apple, 2 Throat wort, 29 Thrush, 83 Thymelacece, 57, 58 Tilletia caries, 84 Timbonine, 92 Tinece, 83 Tinea imbricata, 83 Toadflax, 29 Toadstools, 40-42 Tomato Blight, 83 Tonga Bean, 80 Tonquin Bean, 80 Touch-me-not, 72 Trailing poison oak, 81 Traveller's joy, 62 Treacle mustard, 72 wormseed, 72 ,,
UmhelLiferce, 16, 43, raj da, 12
45
tree, 26 Upright meadow crowfoot, 66

Urari, 11
Urechitoxin, 94 Uredinece. 84
Tawny
Urginea altissima, 30 scilla, 30 Urtica crenulenta, 28 dioica, 28 ,, gigas, 28 pilulifera, 28 ,, urens, 28 ,, urentissima, 28 ,, Urticacece, 26, 28 Ustiloginece, 84
Ustilago carbo, 84 destruens, 84 ,,
,,
maydis, 84
Variegated iris, 78 Vegeto-Alkaloids, xi

Vellarin, 90 Venus' chariot, 22 fly-trap, 76
Veratrine, 32
Veratrone, 32
Veratrum album, 32
nigrum, 32 viride, 32 Viburnin, 95 Vine MildcM-, 83 Viola canina odorata, 79 palmensis, 79 ,, sylvatica, 79 ,, tricolor, 79 ,, Virginian tobacco plant, 16
,,
Tricholoma fulvellus, 40 Trichophyton Mansoni, 83
112

Wild lemon, 38
,, ,,
,,
Virgin' s bower, 62 Volatile Oils, xii Volvaria gloiocephalus, 41
nard, 70 savager. 70 spinach, 53

,, ,,
Wake
,,
robin, 56
Winter aconite, 24
hellebore, 24 wolf's bane, 24
Wall moss, 75
pepper, 75
grass,
Wart
,,
,,
47 weed, 50 -wort, 47
flag,
Wolf's bane, 22
Wood anemone,
,,
crow
Water buttercup, 37
,, ,,
,, ,,
,,
foot, laurel, 57
63 64
78
spurge, 51
gowan, 37 hemlock, 43
wind
Way thorn,
,,
Woody
74 White arum, 56 bryony, 68 ,,

-flowered hellebore, 32
Worm
,, ,,
flower, 63 nightshade, 5 grass, 15, 76
seed, 9
wood, 10
Wourali, 11
"
,,
poppy,
stone crop, 76 wild vine, 68 ,, -woolly kombe bean, 25 ,, Whitsun lily, 58 Whooping cough, 86 Wild arum, 56 buck foot, 38 caper, 51 ,, cucumber, 33 ,,
Xanthostrumarin, 95 Xanthoxyline, 95
Xyloglostein, 91
Yellow balsam, 72 flag, 78

,,
-flowered pea, 21
,, ,, ,,
gowan,
iris,
37, 66 -horned poppy, 75

,,
,,
flax,
29
hop, 68 hyacinth, 61 jessamine, 15 larkspur, 25
,,
Yew
78 -milked toadstool, 41 toadflax, 29 vetchling, 21 tree, 46
Bailliere, Tindall,
and Cox,
P}-inted in Great Britain for by Billing and Sons, Limiiid, Guildford
and Esher

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ISONOUS PLANTS

A BERNHA RD-^ SMITH

due on the date indicated subject to an overdue

tine as posted at the circulation desk.

earlier if this item

EXCEPTION: Date due will be is RECALLED.

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

Miller for the

his " Dictionary of the English

also to the curators of the Natural History

Museum, and the

Botanical Gardens at Kew, Penang, and Colombo, for their

opportunities for study.

regarding a former work, for not

naming the toxins

and possibly a revised

the Botanists, I shall be in a position to

amends in a future The plants

and whose numbers correspond to

their descriptions in the text, are reduced one-fifth.

significant fact that iodine, besides being antagonistic to very

of the alkaloids, will destroy

most Micro-Fungi and

of the microscopic plant causing

grafted from the horse to man,

grafted from one species of tree to another.

Diluents (wash out the stomach with plenty

strong Coffee or Tea.

For Opium poison-

In poisoning by Convulsives tants. or

Demulcents (Sweet Rest and Warmth.

ACTING ON THE SPINAL-CORD.

ACTING ON THE HEART.

Irritants with Nerve-Symptoms.

POISONOUS PRINCIPLES CONTAINED IN THE PLANTS DESCRIBED.

VEGETO-ALKALOIDS. Compound Ammonias. They are nitrogenous,

Absinthic. Angelic. Euodic. Filicic. Sphacelinic. nilic.

Chrysophanic. Crotonoleic. Formic. Helvellic. Prussic.

RESINS. Complex Hydro-Carbons which are Oxidation-products of the Volatile Oils :

Pennyroyal. Jequiritol. Toxicodendrol. Valerian.

Euphorbia. HoundsPlumbago. Rue. Savin Wintergreen. Yew.

ACRID JUICES AND MILKS.

POISONS ACTING ON THE BRAIN

POPPY WHITE POPPY CARNATION POPPY POPPY JOAN SILVERPIN BALE-WORT.

or purplish, purple at base.

Papaver somniferum floreplenum, Papaver somniferum nigrum.

Cowper: " The Salad.^*

Papaveracece. Capsule smooth,

annual; June and

the poppy's red effrontery.

Browotnq: " SordeUo.""

POISONOUS PLANTS OF ALL COUNTRIES

Toxic Principles.ATROPINE, HYOSCYAMINE, HYOSCINE,

D. ferox, D. Metel, D. tatula.

Leaves downy, sinuated.Stem clasping. Waste ground; annual; July; dingy

yellow, with purple veins.

tained in H. albus, H. muticus, Duboisa myoporoides.

With juice of cursed Hebenon in a

in the porches of my ears did pour leperous distUment.

Shakespeare: " Hamlet,**

POISONS ACTING ON THE BRAIN

POISONOUS PLANTS OF ALL COUNTRIES