tense

Simple Present

Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?

Use
action in the present taking placeonce, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule

Signal Words
always, every , never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If Italk, )

Present A: He is speaking. Progressive N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking?

at the moment, action taking place just, just now, in the moment of Listen!, Look!, now, right now speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future action in the past taking placeonce, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action when, while, as action going on at a long as certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action putting emphasis on the result already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If Italked, )

Simple Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?

Past A: He was speaking. Progressive N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?

Present Perfect Simple

A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present already, just, action taking place never, not yet, before a certain time once, until that day in the past if sentence type sometimes III (If Ihad interchangeable with talked, ) past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact(not the duration) for, since, the action taking place whole day, all before a certain time day in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

Present A: He has been speaking. Perfect N: He has not been speaking. Progressive Q: Has he been speaking?

Past Perfect A: He had spoken. Simple N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?

Past Perfect A: He had been speaking. Progressive N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?

course of an action Future I Simple A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? in a year, next , tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, spontaneous decisi she will on help you.) assumption: I assumption with think, probably, regard to the future perhaps action in the future that cannot be influenced decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future action that will be finished at a certain time in the future by Monday, in a week in one year, next week, tomorrow in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future I Simple (going to) Future I A: He will be speaking. Progressive N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?

Future II Simple

A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?

Future II A: He will have been speaking. Progressive N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?

for , the last action taking place couple of hours, before a certain time all day long in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action action that might take place action that might take place putting emphasis on the course /duratio n of the action action if sentences type III if sentences type II (If I were you, I would go home.)

Conditional A: He would speak. I Simple N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak?

Conditional A: He would be speaking. I N: He would not be speaking. Progressive Q: Would he be speaking?

Conditional A: He would have spoken. II Simple N: He would not have spoken.

Q: Would he have spoken?

that might have taken place in the past action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course /duratio n of the action

(If I had seen that, Iwould have helped.)

Conditional A: He would have been II speaking. Progressive N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking?

Base Form Abide Alight Arise Awake Be Bear Beat Become Begin Behold Bend Bet Bid Bid Bind Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Bust Buy Cast Catch

Past Simple Abode/Abided Alit/Alighted Arose Awoke Was/Were Bore Beat Became Began Beheld Bent Bet Bade Bid Bound Bit Bled Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcast/Broadc asted Built Burnt/Burned Burst Bust Bought Cast Caught

Past Participle Abode/Abided/Abid den Alit/Alighted Arisen Awoken Been Born/Borne Beaten Become Begun Beheld Bent Bet Bidden Bid Bound Bitten Bled Blown Broken Bred Brought Broadcast/Broadca sted Built Burnt/Burned Burst Bust Bought Cast Caught

3rd Person Singular Abides Alights Arises Awakes Is Bears Beats Becomes Begins Beholds Bends Bets Bids Bids Binds Bites Bleeds Blows Breaks Breeds Brings Broadcasts Builds Burns Bursts Busts Buys Casts Catches

Present Participle / Gerund Abiding Alighting Arising Awaking Being Bearing Beating Becoming Beginning Beholding Bending Betting Bidding Bidding Binding Biting Bleeding Blowing Breaking Breeding Bringing Broadcasting Building Burning Bursting Busting Buying Casting Catching

Choose Clap Cling Clothe Come Cost Creep Cut Dare Deal Dig Dive Do Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Fit Flee Fling Fly Forbid Forecast Foresee Foretell Forget Forgive Forsake Freeze Frostbite Get Give Go Grind Grow Handwrite Hang Have Hear

Chose Clapped/Clapt Clung Clad/Clothed Came Cost Crept Cut Dared/Durst Dealt Dug Dived/Dove Did Drew Dreamt/Dreamed Drank Drove Dwelt Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Fit/Fitted Fled Flung Flew Forbade/Forbad Forecast/Forecast ed Foresaw Foretold Forgot Forgave Forsook Froze Frostbit Got Gave Went Ground Grew Handwrote Hung/Hanged Had Heard

Chosen Clapped/Clapt Clung Clad/Clothed Come Cost Crept Cut Dared Dealt Dug Dived Done Drawn Dreamt/Dreamed Drunk Driven Dwelt Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Fit/Fitted Fled Flung Flown Forbidden Forecast/Forecaste d Foreseen Foretold Forgotten Forgiven Forsaken Frozen Frostbitten Got/Gotten Given Gone/Been Ground Grown Handwritten Hung/Hanged Had Heard

Chooses Claps Clings Clothes Comes Costs Creeps Cuts Dares Deals Digs Dives Does Draws Dreams Drinks Drives Dwells Eats Falls Feeds Feels Fights Finds Fits Flees Flings Flies Forbids Forecasts Foresees Foretells Forgets Forgives Forsakes Freezes Frostbites Gets Gives Goes Grinds Grows Handwrites Hangs Has Hears

Choosing Clapping Clinging Clothing Coming Costing Creeping Cutting Daring Dealing Digging Diving Doing Drawing Dreaming Drinking Driving Dwelling Eating Falling Feeding Feeling Fighting Finding Fitting Fleeing Flinging Flying Forbidding Forecasting Foreseeing Foretelling Foregetting Forgiving Forsaking Freezing Frostbiting Getting Giving Going Grinding Growing Handwriting Hanging Having Hearing

Hide Hit Hold Hurt Inlay Input Interlay Keep Kneel Knit Know Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Melt Mislead Mistake Misunderst and Miswed Mow Overdraw Overhear Overtake Pay Preset Prove Put Quit Re-prove Read Rid Ride Ring Rise

Hid Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input/Inputted Interlaid Kept Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Knew Laid Led Leant/Leaned Leapt/Leaped Learnt/Learned Left Lent Let Lay Lit Lost Made Meant Met Melted Misled Mistook Misunderstood Miswed/Miswedde d Mowed Overdrew Overheard Overtook Paid Preset Proved Put Quit Re-proved Read Rid/Ridded Rode Rang Rose

Hidden Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input/Inputted Interlaid Kept Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Known Laid Led Leant/Leaned Leapt/Leaped Learnt/Learned Left Lent Let Lain Lit Lost Made Meant Met Molten/Melted Misled Mistaken Misunderstood Miswed/Miswedded Mown Overdrawn Overheard Overtaken Paid Preset Proven/Proved Put Quit Re-proven/Reproved Read Rid/Ridded Ridden Rung Risen

Hides Hits Holds Hurts Inlays Inputs Interlays Keeps Kneels Knits Knows Lays Leads Leans Leaps Learns Leaves Lends Lets Lies Lights Loses Makes Means Meets Melts Misleads Mistakes Misunderstands Misweds Mows Overdraws Overhears Overtakes Pays Presets Proves Puts Quits Re-proves Reads Rids Rides Rings Rises

Hiding Hitting Holding Hurting Inlaying Inputting Interlaying Keeping Kneeling Knitting Knowing laying Leading Leaning Leaping Learning Leaving Lending Letting Lying Lighting Losing Making Meaning Meeting Melting Misleading Mistaking Misunderstanding Miswedding Mowing Overdrawing Overhearing Overtaking Paying Presetting Proving Putting Quitting Re-proving Reading Ridding Riding Ringing Rising

Rive Run Saw Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shave Shear Shed Shine Shoe Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Sneak Soothsay Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick

Rived Ran Sawed Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shaved Shore/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slew Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sowed Spoke Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Span/Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck

Riven/Rived Run Sawn/Sawed Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn/Sewed Shaken Shaven/Shaved Shorn/Sheared Shed Shone Shod Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slain Slept Slid/Slidden Slung Slunk Slit Smelt/Smelled Sneaked/Snuck Soothsaid Sown Spoken Sped/Speeded Spelt/Spelled Spent Spilt/Spilled Spun Spat/Spit Split Spoilt/Spoiled Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck

Rives Runs Saws Says Sees Seeks Sells Sends Sets Sews Shakes Shaves Shears Sheds Shines Shoes Shoots Shows Shrinks Shuts Sings Sinks Sits Slays Sleeps Slides Slings Slinks Slits Smells Sneaks Soothsays Sows Speaks Speeds Spells Spends Spills Spins Spits Splits Spoils Spreads Springs Stands Steals Sticks

Riving Running Sawing Saying Seeing Seeking Selling Sending Setting Sewing Shaking Shaving Shearing Shedding Shining Shoeing Shooting Showing Shrinking Shutting Singing Sinking Sitting Slaying Sleeping Sliding Slinging Slinking Slitting Smelling Sneaking Soothsaying Sowing Speaking Speeding Spelling Spending Spilling Spinning Spitting Splitting Spoiling Spreading Springing Standing Stealing Sticking

Sting Stink Stride Strike String Strip Strive Sublet Sunburn Swear Sweat Sweep Swell Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thrust Tread Undergo Understand Undertake Upset Vex Wake Wear Weave Wed Weep Wend Wet Win Wind Withdraw Withhold Withstand Wring Write Zinc

Stung Stank Strode/Strided Struck Strung Stript/Stripped Strove Sublet Sunburned/Sunbur nt Swore Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Swelled Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Throve/Thrived Threw Thrust Trod Underwent Understood Undertook Upset Vext/Vexed Woke Wore Wove Wed/Wedded Wept Wended/Went Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrew Withheld Withstood Wrung Wrote Zinced/Zincked

Stung Stunk Stridden Struck/Stricken Strung Stript/Stripped Striven Sublet Sunburned/Sunbur nt Sworn Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Swollen Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thriven/Thrived Thrown Thrust Trodden Undergone Understood Undertaken Upset Vext/Vexed Woken Worn Woven Wed/Wedded Wept Wended/Went Wet/Wetted Won Wound Withdrawn Withheld Withstood Wrung Written Zinced/Zincked

Stings Stinks Strides Strikes Strings Strips Strives Sublets Sunburns Swears Sweats Sweeps Swells Swims Swings Takes Teaches Tears Tells Thinks Thrives Throws Thrusts Treads Undergoes Understands Undertakes Upsets Vexes Wakes Wears Weaves Weds Weeps Wends Wets Wins Winds Withdraws Withholds Withstands Wrings Writes Zincs

Stinging Stinking Striding Striking Stringing Stripping Striving Subletting Sunburning Swearing Sweating Sweeping Swelling Swimming Swinging Taking Teaching Tearing Telling Thinking Thriving Throwing Thrusting Treading Undergoing Understanding Undertaking Upsetting Vexing Waking Wearing Weaving Wedding Weeping Wending Wetting Winning Winding Withdrawing Withholding Withstanding Wringing Writing Zincking